ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕ И ЗАЖИГАНИЕ КРУПНЫХ И МЕЛКИХ

ȼɈɋɉɅȺɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ ɂ ɁȺɀɂȽȺɇɂȿ ɄɊɍɉɇɕɏ ɂ ɆȿɅɄɂɏ
ɑȺɋɌɂɐ ɆȺȽɇɂə
Ʉɚɥɢɧɱɚɤ ȼ.ȼ., ɑɟɪɧɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ɋ., ȿɮɢɦɨɜ ȼ.ɋ.
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ, Ɉɞɟɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ.ɂ. Ɇɟɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ, ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ʉɚɫɫɟɥɟɦ ɢ Ʌɢɛɦɚɧɨɦ [1] ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ (15-55 ɦɤɦ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ
(ɪɢɫ. 1ɚ) ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɲɟ Ɍɩɥɚɜ (ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɭ 920-1070 Ʉ). Ȼɟɡ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ
ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ (ɩɪɢ Se <<
1):
λ g Nu ⋅ RTg2 / E
(1 + B exp( L / E ) ) ,
(1)
⋅
di =
e
Qk0 exp ( − E / RTg ) ρ g Ca
B=
L 1
LDm p0 E
1 

−
exp

 .
 R  Têèï Tg  
R 2Tg3 λ g

 
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɬ 0.6 ɞɨ 1.6 ɦɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 895 – 925Ʉ [2] ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɩɥɚɜ (ɪɢɫ.1b). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼɚɥɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [3] ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ
ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 300 ɦɤɦ. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ 44 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ [3],
ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɛ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ 584 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ [3].
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ Se << 1) ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ (2), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ:
λ g Nu ⋅ RTi 2 / E
di =
,
(2)
Qk0 exp ( − E / RTi ) ρ g Ca − 4εσTg3 RTi 2 E
Ti =
(
)
E
1 − 1 − 4 RTg E .
2R
102
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚ) ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɢ ɛ) ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ: Ɣ – [1], ż– [2], Ƒ–
[3].
1 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (1) k0 = 0.86á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ.
2 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (2) k0 = 0.86á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ,
3 – ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ (2) k0 = 0.065á109 ɦ/ɫ, E = 189.5 ɤȾɠ/ɦɨɥɶ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ. ɍɱɟɬ
ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɹ. Ʉ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɭɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɤ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɟɞɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ
MgO.
ȼ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɭ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɠɟɱɶ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɵɲɟ 2 ɦɦ) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɱɟɦ Se < 1), ɱɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ) ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Se § 1, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɟɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
1.
2.
3.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Casell H. M. The cooperative mechanism in the ignition of dust dispersions / H.
M. Casell, I. Liebman // Combustion and Flame. 1959. V. 3, ʋ 3. Ɋ. 467-475.
ȼɚɥɨɜ Ʌ. ȿ., Ƚɭɫɚɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ. ɂ., ɒɟɜɰɨɜ ȼ. ɂ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ // Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ. 1991. Ɍ. 27, ʋ 4. ɋ.
3-7.
ȿɠɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ƚ. Ʉ. ȼɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ / Ƚ. Ʉ. ȿɠɨɜɫɤɢɣ,
Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɇɨɥɱɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɋ. Ɉɡɟɪɨɜ // «Ƚɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ»: Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɭ. Ɇ., ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ “ɇɚɭɤɚ”. 1972.
ɋ. 234–240.
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