Развитие методов мониторинга температуры поверхности суши

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ
ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ.ɂ. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ, ɋ.Ⱥ. ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ
Ƚɍ ɇɂɐ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ «ɉɥɚɧɟɬɚ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
e-mail: uspenskys@planet.iitp.ru
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ (Ɍɉɋ) ɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɂɋɉ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ SEVIRI ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ METEOSAT-9.ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ SEVIRI ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ʋ9 (10.8 ɦɤɦ) ɢ ʋ10 (12.0 ɦɤɦ) ɡɚ ɬɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ ɢ ɂɋɉ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ «ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɢ «ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ». ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɟ ɂɋɉ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ
ɬɪɢ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ SEVIRI. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ 11:00, 12:00, 13:00 ɋȽȼ ɡɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɧɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɦɚɣ-ɧɨɹɛɪɶ 2009ɝ.
ȼɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ – ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ
Ɍɉɋ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ LSA SAF (ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ –
Ʌɢɫɫɚɛɨɧ, ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ). ɋɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.9-2.6K, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ, ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ SEVIRI, ɦɟɬɨɞ
«ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ», ɦɟɬɨɞ «ɞɜɭɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ», ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ (Ɍɉɋ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɂɋɉ) ɫɭɲɢ ɩɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɚɝɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɬɶ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɚɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 10.5-12.5 ɦɤɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɂɄɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ-ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ (ɫɟɪɢɣ NOAA, MetOp,
Ɇɟɬɟɨɪ, EOS/Aqua, Terra), ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ «ɧɟɱɟɪɧɨɬɵ» ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ Ɍɉɋ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ɍɉɋ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ MSG (Ɇɟɬɟɨɫɚɬ-8, -9). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɬɭ
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɤɚɧɟɪ-ɢɦɚɞɠɟɪ SEVIRI ɢɦɟɟɬ 12 ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɂɄ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ 10.8 ɢ
12 ɦɤɦ), ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 15 ɦɢɧ [1]. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɂɋɉ.
67
ɇɚ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɟɪɢɢ «ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨ» ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ɇɋɍ-Ƚɋ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ (ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ) ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɟ SEVIRI. ɋ ɟɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 30 ɦɢɧ. ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɂɄ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ 7 ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɜ 2-ɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ 10.5-12.5 ɦɤɦ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (ɚ. ɮ.) ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵ ɚ. ɮ. ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ SEVIRI, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ɇɋɍ-Ƚɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ SEVIRI.
ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ SEVIRI/Meteosat-9.
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ: ɪɚɡɞɟɥ 2 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ; ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 3 ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ; ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɍɚ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SEVIRI ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ
Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
SEVIRI ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɢ ɂɋɉ ɞɚɧɨ ɜ [2], ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦɫɹ
ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ (ɢɥɢ Ɍs), ɂɋɉ (ɢɥɢ ɟ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɊɈɉ) ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ (ɆȾɌ) ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ SEVIRI/Meteosat-9 ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɊɈɉ ʋ 9 (10.8 ɦɤɦ) ɢ ʋ 10 (12.0 ɦɤɦ) ɡɚ ɬɪɢ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ t1, t2, t3.
ȼ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɊɈɉ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ Ɍs ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ [2-5]:
Ɍs = ɚ1 + (ɚ2 + ɚ3 g1(e) + ɚ4 g2(e)) (Ɍ1 + Ɍ2) + (ɚ5 + ɚ6 g1(e) + ɚ7 g2(e)) (Ɍ1 – Ɍ2) .
(1)
Ɂɞɟɫɶ Ɍ1, Ɍ2 – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ʋ 9,10; g1(e) =
(1-ɟ)/ɟ, g2(e) = 'ɟ/ɟ2, ɟ = 0.5(ɟ1 + ɟ2), 'ɟ = ɟ1 – ɟ2; ɟ1, ɟ2 – ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɂɋɉ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ʋ 9, 10;
(ɚ1, ɚ2,..,ɚ7) – ɧɚɛɨɪ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ T: ɚi =
ai(T). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ai(T) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ (ɦ.ɧ.ɤ.)
ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɭɝɥɨɜ T ɦɟɠɞɭ 00 ɢ 550 ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 50 ɩɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ
{ T1p (k; T), T2p (k; T), Ɍs(k), ɟ1(k), ɟ2(k)}, k – ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, k = 1,…, N.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ T1p (k; T), T2p (k; T) – ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ʋ 9, 10, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ T ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
RTTOV-7 [6]. Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ (1) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍs ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ e1, e2.
ɂɞɟɹ ɆȾɌ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ [7,8] ɢ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɫɪɨɤɚ t1 ɢ t2) ɩɪɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɟ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɟ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɂɋɉ: ɟ(Qj; t1) = e (Qj; t2), j =1, 2. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ n ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ Ɇ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɦ Ɇ t n /(n-1), ɬ.ɟ. Ɇ t 2 ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɊɈɉ
ɫ n = 2, ɫɦ.[2-4]. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Ɇ = 3. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍs(t1), Ɍs(t2), Ɍs(t3), e1, e2 ɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɥ68
ɝɨɪɢɬɦɟ ɆȾɌ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦ.ɧ.ɤ. ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɪɨɤɢ t1, t2,
ɢ t3 ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ Ij(ti; T) ɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦ I ɪj (ti; T) ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɊɈɉ (j = 1, 2). ɋɢɝɧɚɥɵ I ɪj (ti; T) ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ RTTOV-7 ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɂɄ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ I ɪj
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ts, e1, e2, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɍ(ɪ) ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ q(p) ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪ – ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ).
ɉɨɞɝɨɧɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɟ ɆȾɌ
(ɞɥɹ Ɇ>2 ɫɪɨɤɨɜ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
1
)ɤ(Ts(t1)), Ts(t2), Ts(t3), e1, e2) =
6
3
2
¦¦
i 1 j 1
[Ij(ti) - I ɪj (ti)]2
(2)
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 5 ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Ts(t1), Ts(t2), Ts(t3), e1, e2. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɤ – ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɨɬ T. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ (2) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨ e1, e2 ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɨ Ts(t1), Ts(t2), Ts(t3). ɂɫɤɨɦɵɟ {Ts(t1),Ts(t2),Ts(t3),e1,e2} ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɪɟɲɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (2) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ Ƚɚɭɫɫɚ-ɇɶɸɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
0.94 d ɟ1, ɟ2 d 0.99, Tsmin (i) d Ts(ti) d Tsmax (i), i = 1, 2, 3.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ Tsmin (i), Tsmax (i) – ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (2) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɫ 5 ɞɨ 3, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ e1, e2 (ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ) ɨɬ e1, e2). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ (Ɇ > 2) ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs(ti), e1, e2 , ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ, ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɣ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ti). ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ Ɇ=3.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɊɈɉ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ r-ɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ Ts(r) (ti) ɢ ɆȾɌ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ (r+1)-ɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ e1(r 1) , e (r2 1) , r=0,1,...; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ e1( 0) = e (20) ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ 0.95–0.98. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ: ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
2
) (r)
k ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ (2) ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ V – ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ (V2 # 0.3 y0.5). ȿɫɥɢ ) (r)
d V2, ɬɨ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ e (r)
k
j ,
2
Ts(r) (ti) ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ; ɟɫɥɢ ) (r)
k ! V , ɬɨ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ-
ɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ r*. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
SEVIRI ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ r* =10.
ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SEVIRI ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ: ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
Ɍs ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (1) ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɊɈɉ; ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
I ɪj (ti), ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ (ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ T(p), q(p)). ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ [2] , ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ I ɪj (ti).
69
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ [2] ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ SEVIRI/Meteosat-9. ɐɟɥɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ – ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɊɈɉ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚi ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (1) ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍs ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ SEVIRI ɫ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ 35q – 45q, 45q – 50q ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ⱥɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ^Ɍɤ(ɪ), qɤ(p)` ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ Ɍ(ɪ), q(p) ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ), ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Ɍɚ(ɤ) ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ qɚ(ɤ) ɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɪ=1000 ɝɉɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɤ-ɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ RTTOV-7 ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ T1ɪ (ɤ; T),
T2ɪ (ɤ; T) ɩɪɢ Ɍs, ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ (Ɍɚ-3.0, Ɍɚ+3.0)Ʉ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 1.0Ʉ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ (0.94, 1.0) ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 0.025 ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ 'ɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ (- 0.0135,
0.0227) ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 0.004525, ɫɪ. [5]. ȼɫɟɝɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ Ɍs, ɟ1 ɢ ɟ2 ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ
{ T1ɪ (ɤ; T), T2ɪ (ɤ; T)} ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2700 ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ʉɚɤ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚ1, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɨ.
ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍs ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ (1)
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɥɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍs (ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ e1, e2), ɤɪɨɦɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
35q-45q (ɛɨɥɟɟ 28000 ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ) ɫɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ (ɋɄɈɊɈɉ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɪɚɜɧɚ r0.18Ʉ; ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
45q-50q (ɛɨɥɟɟ 30000 ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ) ɋɄɈɊɈɉ = r 0.35Ʉ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɊɈɉ; ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ [5], ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍs ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ.
ȼɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍɉɋ
ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ SEVIRI/Meteosat-9, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ [2], ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍs. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ SEVIRI ɡɚ 3 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɚ (11.00; 12.00; 13.00 ɋȽȼ) ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɦɚɣ-ɧɨɹɛɪɶ 2009 ɝ. ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ SEVIRI/Meteosat-9 ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɭɲɢ, ɧɟ «ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ»
ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɚɫɤɚ «ɫɭɲɚ-ɦɨɪɟ» ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ MAIA ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
MAIA, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɬ.ɧ. ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ [9], ɛɵɥ
ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ SEVIRI ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ «ɛɟɡɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɯ» ɢ «ɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɯ» ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ SEVIRI ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɭɲɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ 3 ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ.
70
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ (ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ) ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɉɋ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ɍs (ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ in-situ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SEVIRI ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ a 5-6 ɤɦ ɞɥɹ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ȿɌɊ, ɝɞɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ «ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ» ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ɍs). Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ «ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɫɧɵɯ» ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍɉɋ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍs, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ
ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɫɫ-ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SEVIRI
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ Ts.LSA(ti), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SEVIRI ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ [5] ɜ SAF LSA (ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ – Ʌɢɫɫɚɛɨɧ, ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ).
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ Ts ɫ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ {35q-65q ɫ.ɲ., 10q ɡ.ɞ.-50q ɜ.ɞ.}
ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ [2] ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɫɪ. ɫ [5]. ɉɨɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ts, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ SAF LSA, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ. Ɉ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɢ
ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ Ɋɢɫ.1ɚ (ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ) ɫ Ɋɢɫ.1ɛ (ɦɟɬɨɞ LSA
SAF). ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ 02.11.2009, 12:00 ɋȽȼ. Ʉɚɤ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ts ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɢɯ
ɤɚɪɬ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɤɢ «ɹɫɧɨɨɛɥɚɱɧɨ» ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɟ LSA SAF ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ). Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ
ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. Ʉɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ Ɍɉɋ: ɚ)ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ; ɛ)ɦɟɬɨɞ LSA SAF
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɬɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ Ts ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ).
71
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts
Ⱦɚɬɚ
ȼɵɛɨɪɤɚ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɋɄɈ
02.11.2009
07.09.2009
24.08.2009
13.07.2009
27.06.2009
02.06.2009
31.05.2009
19 948
23 550
18 450
10 406
3 839
20 605
17 941
0.4157
-2,2498
-2,1104
-0,4376
-1,9171
-1,5666
-1,9000
0,9475
2,6224
2,4621
2,1695
2,5065
1,9312
2,2439
ɋɄɈ ɩɪɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
0,8514
1,6110
1,8603
2,1494
2,1506
1,5112
1,4611
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫ.2.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ LSA SAF
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢ Ɋɢɫ.2, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɋɄɈ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.9-2.6K,
ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ – ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0.8-2.2K. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ e1 ɢ e2, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ts ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɚɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SEVIRI ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɚɩɪɢɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ e1, e2 ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
Ts, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ Ts, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɦ LSA SAF [5]. ɋɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɟ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 0.9-2.6Ʉ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɟɳɺ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts ɜ [5], ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ts in-situ ɧɚ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚɯ), ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 1.5-2.5Ʉ, ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɍɉɋ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ.
72
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ts (ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS/Terra, Aqua ɢ «ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ» ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ts ɧɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ).
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɬɚ, ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ (ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ Ɍɉɋ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MODIS)
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɚɞɟɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ e1, e2,
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜ ɢɯ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ [5].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 2 ɦ (Ɍ2m = Ɍɚ) ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ Ɍ2m ɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ, ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɭɦɚɧ (ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ), ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
Ɉɛɫɭɞɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ Ɍɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɩɚ SEVIRI. Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ Ɍɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ts ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ Ɍɚ ɢɡ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɤɧɚɯ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ 100% ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɜɥɚɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ (ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ)
ɫɥɨɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ
ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝ Ɍɚ ). Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ, ɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ts ɢ Ɍɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ[10 ].
Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ Ɍ2m
ɢ Ɍs. ɉɟɪɟɩɚɞ (lapse rate) ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɍs ɢ Ɍ2m ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ. ɉɟɪɟɩɚɞ ŇɌs - Ɍ2mŇ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɟ
ɫɨɥɧɰɚ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɞɟɧɶ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɱɶɸ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ Ɍ2m ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ
ɋɨɥɧɰɚ (ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ) ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ Ɍs ɢ Ɍ2m. ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ Ɍs ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ɍ2m, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ Ɍs. ȼ ɨɞɧɨɦ
ɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɍɚ ɢ Ts ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ { Ɍɚ, Ts } ɧɚ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɍɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ Ts ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ Ts
(ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ SEVIRI). Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ Ɍs ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ɍɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ NDVI (ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɰɢɢ), ɚɥɶɛɟɞɨ, ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ɍɚ ɢ Ɍs.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ ʋ07-05-01030.
73
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
Schmetz, J., P. Pili, S. Tjemkes, D. Just, et al. An introduction to Meteosat Second Generation
(MSG) // Bull. Amer. Meteor.Soc., 2002. 83, P. 977-992.
2. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼ.ɂ., ɍɫɩɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɋ.Ⱥ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɲɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞ. Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ
ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ.2009, N3. C. 102-112.
3. Becker, F. and Z.-L. Li, Toward a local split window method over land surface // Int. J. Remote
Sens.,1990. vol. 11, N3, P. 369-393.
4. Wan, Z., J. Dozier. A generalized split-window algorithm for retrieving land surface
5. temperature from space // IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 1996. vol.34,N4, Ɋ. 892-905.
6. Product User Manual. Land Surface Temperature // SAF/LAND/IM/PUM_LST/2.1 2008. 49p.
7. Saunders R. W., M.Matricardi, P. Brunel. An Improved Fast. Radiative Transfer Model for Assimilation of Satellite Radiance Observations // Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.1999. v.125. P.1407-1425.
8. Watson, K. Two-temperature method for measuring emissivity // Remote Sens. Environ. 1992. Vol.
42, Ɋ. 117-121.
9. Faysash, A. and E.A. Smith. Simultaneous Retrieval of Diurnal to Seasonal Surface Temperatures
and Emissivities over SGP ARM-CART Site Using GOES Split Window // J. Appl. Meteor. 2000.
Vol. 39, Ɋ. 971-982.
10. Labrot T., Lavanant L., White K. et al. AAPP Documentation. Scientific description // NWP SAF.
Doc. NWP SAF-MF-UD-001. ver.6.0. 2006. 99 p.
11. Sun Y.J., Wang J.-F., Zhang R.-H. et al. Air temperature retrieval from remote sensing data based on
thermodynamics// Theoret. and Appl. Climatology, 2005. 30 (1), P. 37-48.
1.
Monitoring of land surface temperatures based on data from new
generation geostationary satellites
S.A. Uspensky, V.I. Solovjiev, A.B. Uspensky
SRC Planeta,
e-mail: uspenskys@planet.iitp.ru
The new methodology is presented developed for operational retrieving of land surface skin temperature (LST or Ts)
and emissivity (LSE or e) from SEVIRI/Meteosat-9 data. The clear sky IR brightness temperatures measured at
three different times (image cycles) in the SEVIRI split-window (SW) channels N9 (IR 10.8) and N10 (IR 12.0) are
converted to the LSTs and LSEs estimates using well-known “local” SW techniques in combination with the twotemperature method. The LSEs are specified as channel 9 and 10 emissivities e1 and e2. The developed approach
employs the hypothesis that e1 and e2.remain constant during the time interval between the first and the last image
cycles used; moreover, accurate e1 and e2.first guesses are not required.
The performance of proposed retrieval methodology has been evaluated in the experiments with synthetic and actual
SEVIRI/ Meteosat-9 data covering most of Europe for the sample of days in time period May-November 2009. For
each date three SEVIRI imaging cycles have been used – at 11.00, 12.00, and 13.00 UTC. The cross-validation of
LST retrievals has been performed through comparison to independent (synchronous and collocated) SEVIRI-based
LST estimates produced at LSA SAF. The results show the RMS deviations in the range 1.4-2.4K. This can be
treated as an indirect proof of method’s efficiency.
Keywords: land surface skin temperature, emissivity, SEVIRI instrument, split-window techniques, twotemperature method, cross-validation.
74