Термодинамика растворов неэлектролитов. Способы

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ni,
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ni. (11.1)
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2.
( i) –
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(Vi),
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V:
i
3.
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= Vi,/ V
(11.2)
( i) –
mi
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4.
= mi / mi.
mi.
(11.3)
( i) –
ni (
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V:
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= ni / V
5.
(11.4)
(bi) –
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ni
mp.
1000
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(bi) = ni / mp
]
(11.5)
(cif) –
6.
nif
V
cif = nif / V
(11.6)
2
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Vi
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Vi i –
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Vi i –
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182
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3.
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n1
n2,
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dV
V
n1
dn1
p ,T , n 2
V
n2
dn 2
p ,T , n1
V
p
:
dp
T , n1, n 2
V
T
dT ....(11.7)
p , n1, n 2
3
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V
ni
Vi
j
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I,
11
.....(11.8)
p ,T , nj
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(11.7)
dV = V1 dn1 + V2 dn2
(11.9)
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i
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Vi
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ni = nxi,
n–
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dni = xidn
(11.9)
(11.10)
:
dV = ( V1 x1 + V2 x2) dn
(11.11)
,
V = ( V1 x1 + V2 x2)n +
(11.12)
V=0
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n =0.
(11.12),
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(11.12).
V
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(11.12),
V = ( V1 x1 + V2 x2)= V1 - V1 x2 + V2 x2= V1 +( V2 - V1 )x2
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(11.13)
4
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x1 = 1 – x2.
V
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(11.13).
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2
( V2 ( )- V1 ( ))
a
x2
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V = A + B x2
(11.14)
B–
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B = ( V2 ( )- V1 ( ))
A,
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(11.15)
(11.14)
V,
x2 = a,
-
(11.13):
V1(a)+( V2 (a)- V1(a))a =A +( V2 ( )- V1 ( ))a
(11.16)
:
A = V1(a)
,
(11.17)
:
V = V1(a) + ( V2 ( )- V1 ( ))x2
(11.18)
5
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x2 = 0,
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V= V1 ),
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x2 = 1,
V= V2 ).
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(11.11), (11.12)
g
:
dg = ( g1 x1 + g2 x2 + …) dn
g = g1 n1 + g2 n2 + g3 n3 + …
,
(11.19)
(11.20)
–
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6
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