pollyanna workbook

О.В. Трунова
Н.В. Майзенгер
Н.П. Широкова
Eleanor H. Porter
Pollyanna
Activity book
LEARNING TO READ,
REVIEW AND RELATE
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Алтайский государственный педагогический университет»
О.В. Трунова, Н.В. Майзенгер, Н.П. Широкова
Learning to Read, Review and Relate
E. H. Porter «Pollyanna»
(Аctivity Book)
______________________________________
Учимся читать, реферировать
и обсуждать
Роман Э. Портер «Поллианна»
Учебно-методическое пособие по чтению
Барнаул – 2015
УДК 811.111(075)
ББК 81.432.1я7
Т787
Трунова, О.В.
Learning to Read, Review and Relate. E. H. Porter «Pollyanna» (Activity Book) = Учимся читать, реферировать и обсуждать. Роман Э. Портер
«Поллианна» : учебно-методическое пособие по чтению / О.В. Трунова,
Н.В. Майзенгер, Н.П. Широкова. – Барнаул : АлтГПУ, 2015. – 91 с.
Авторы:
Трунова О.В., доктор филологических наук, профессор;
Майзенгер Н.В., кандидат филологических наук, доцент;
Широкова Н.П., кандидат филологических наук, доцент
Рецензенты:
Бубнова И.А., доктор филологических наук, профессор (МГПУ);
Серова И.Г., кандидат филологических наук, доцент (АлтГПУ)
Учебно-методическое пособие включает учебные задания для организации аудиторных и самостоятельных занятий по роману Э. Портер
«Поллианна» (E.H. Porter “Pollyanna” – Wordsworth Classics, 2011). Оно
направлено на развитие коммуникативных (перцептивных, репродуктивных и продуктивных) умений, способствующих более глубокому пониманию содержания романа и культурных реалий страны изучаемого языка.
Издание является частью комплекса, включающего книгу для чтения Э. Портер «Поллианна» (в электронном виде и на бумажном носителе), аудиокнигу (на диске), фильм, снятый по роману «Поллианна»
(на английском языке).
Издание предназначено для студентов младшей ступени обучения
лингвистических / гуманитарных институтов и факультетов иностранных языков, учащихся старших классов школ с углубленным изучением
английского языка, а также широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык (уровень Intermediate).
Рекомендовано к изданию редакционно-издательским советом АлтГПУ 12.11.2015 г.
© Алтайский государственный
педагогический университет, 2015
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее учебное издание представляет собой системное учебно-методическое пособие, разработанное на основе оригинального текста романа Э. Портер «Поллианна» (E.H. Porter “Pollyanna” = [Pollyanna]
/ E.H. Porter. – Wordsworth Editions Limited, 2011. – 174 p.
Основной целью пособия является совершенствование коммуникативных умений студентов на рецептивном, репродуктивном и продуктивном уровнях, что предполагает способности понимать воспринимаемое (reading / listening comprehension), подвергать его критическому
осмыслению и передавать содержание в устной или письменной форме.
Достижение цели опосредовано решением задачи систематизации языковых (лексических и грамматических) навыков как автоматизированного компонента выполняемой деятельности. В качестве сопутствующей, но не менее значимой задачи выступает формирование межкультурных компетенций как освоение отличных от сложившейся (родной)
среды общения, социальных конвенций и соответствующих им ценностей, принципов, устоев, правил, традиций. Снятие культурных барьеров способствует более глубокому пониманию проблематики воспринимаемого материала и характера действий участников сюжетно обусловленных событий.
Учебное издание имеет модульную структуру, которая обеспечивает
пользователю достаточную вариативность при выполнении внеаудиторных подготовительных заданий и определенную степень свобод в
организации учебного материала во время работы в аудитории. Освоение учебного материала предполагает самостоятельное внеаудиторное
чтение текста с параллельным прослушиванием аудиозаписи, сделанной носителем языка, что должно обеспечивать адекватность соотнесения визуального восприятия текста и его звукового ряда. Студентам
также предлагается просмотр фильма и дополнительный просмотр отдельных эпизодов. Целью этого вида работы является ознакомление с
приемами создания художественного образа участников описываемых в
романе событий и возможностей его экранного воплощения.
Формированию коммуникативных умений сопутствует закрепление
лексических и грамматических навыков. С этой целью в издание включены тренировочные упражнения на словообразование, повторение
формообразования «неправильных» глаголов, упражнения по грамматике. Расширение активного словарного запаса и идиоматизация речи
осуществляются введением наиболее рекуррентных фразеологизмов. В
поурочные блоки включены устные и письменные задания репродуктивного характера, способствующие выявлению уровня понимания
прочитанного. Пособие содержит блоки повторения пройденного материала, а также блоки промежуточного и финального контроля.
Предусмотрено выполнение творческих и проектных работ,
направленных на овладение элементами анализа и интерпретации текста. В этом случае в качестве опорного алгоритма студентам предлагается ознакомление с концепцией латерального мышления Э. Де Боно.
3
CONTENTS
Предисловие …………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 3
About the author………………………………………………………………………………….….…….….. 5
About the novel …………………………………..……………………..………………………..………..…. 7
The theme of orphanhood in fiction ……………………………………………………….….… 8
Unit 1. Chapters 1-3 ……………………………………….……………………………….………….….. 10
Unit 2. Chapters 4, 5 …………………………….………………………………………………............ 14
Unit 3. General Revision ………………………………………………………..………………………. 17
Unit 4. Chapters 6, 7 ………………………………………….…………………………………………… 21
Unit 5. Chapters 8-10 …………………………………………….……………………….……………… 26
Unit 6. Chapters 11-13 …………………………………………...………………………….………….. 29
Unit 7. General Revision ………………………………………………………………..…………….… 33
Unit 8. Chapters 14-16 ………………………………………………………………...…..…….……... 40
Unit 9. Chapters 17-19 …………………………….……………………………………….……………. 43
Unit 10. Chapters 20-22 …………………………...……………………………………..…….……... 49
Unit 11. General Revision …………………………………………………………….………………... 52
Unit 12. Chapters 23, 24 …………………………..…………………………………..…….………... 59
Unit 13. Chapters 25-27 …………………………..………………………………….………………... 62
Unit 14. Chapters 28-32 …………………………………………………………….……………..…... 68
Unit 15. Joint Project Work ……………………………………………………………….…………... 72
Unit 16. Open Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………….. 74
Basic Lexicon …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
Basic Grammar Reference ……………………………………..……………………………….……… 85
4
About the author
just breathing isn’t living
Eleanor Emily Hodgman
PORTER
(1868 – 1920)
Born a second child to the family of the earliest New England pilgrims’
descendents, a successful Littleton (New Hampshire) apothecary and furs
dealer Francis Fletcher Hodgman and his wife Lewella, Eleanor Emily
Hodgman grew a frail girl with susceptibility to illnesses and musical endowments. This brought her to the New England Conservatory of Music in
Boston, with the perspective of becoming a pianist. An unfortunate accident causing wrist fracture upset her further career in the chosen field so
that she had to change specialization to that of a singer. After marriage to
John Lyman Porter, a Vermont businessman, the family spent some years
choosing the place and working in Chattanooga (Tennessee), New York City
and Springfield (Vermont) before finally settling as permanent residents in
Cambridge (Massachusetts). It was there and then that E.E.H. Porter gave
up her musical pursuit in favour of writing short stories for magazines under the pseudonym Eleanor Stewart.
Though not very soon, she started publishing her first novels (“Cross
Currents” 1907, “Turn of the Tide” 1908, “The Story of Marco” 1911).
When in 1913 there appeared a book which made E.E.H. Porter a celebrity
in her own country and world over with the fame that outlived the writer a
century, Eleanor (Hodgman) Porter was already an avowed writer with the
two books of her famous trilogy about Billy (“Miss Billy” 1911, “Miss Billy’s
Decision” 1912, followed by “Miss Billy Married” in 1914). But “Pollyanna”,
which stayed on the American best-seller list for two years, is considered a
“Publishing phenomenon”.
It was a tremendous success. By the end of E.E.H. Porter’s life in
1920 the book had survived forty seven editions. There appeared “Pollyanna’s Clubs”. The novel was screened by the Walt Disney Productions, starring extremely famous actors. Later there appeared two more not any less
popular remakes. The musical “Pollyanna” conquered Broadway. The play
was staged in numerous theatres. Manufacturers created a doll, called Pollyanna. Computer technologists produced a “Pollyanna” computer game.
On readers’ demands E.E.H. Porter wrote a sequel “Pollyanna grows
up” and further on kept publishing at least one novel a year. Out of her
fifteen books six were recognized as best-sellers. “Just David” (1916), “The
5
Road to Understanding” (1917), “Oh, Money, Money” (1918), “Dawn”
(1919), “Mary-Maria” (1920) still enjoy popularity among reading public.
The interest of the readers was so genuine and the desire to create a
longer tale tracing Pollyanna’s further life so great, that after E. Porter’s
death her publishers engaged other writers to develop the story and untwist the intrigue. Thus there appeared twelve more “Glad Books” written
by H. Smith, E. Borton, M. Chalmers and V. Moffitt in which Pollyanna got
married, found new goals in life, travelled places and helped people to see
the brighter side of life.
6
About the novel
a remedy for depression
Published three quarters of a century later than Ch. Dickens’s “Oliver
Twist” and a quarter of a century later than M. Twain’s “Adventures of Tom
Sawyer”, “Pollyanna” though obviously much simpler than these and some
other novels delving into the theme of an orphaned child, still fits in the
line. Although Pollyanna’s fate is not so dramatic as Oliver’s, and her adventures are not so amusing as Tom’s, her cheerful disposition, lightheartedness and the ability to always expose the brighter side of things
make her attractive and admirable.
At times naïve, taking things at their face value, in other cases too intrusive and imposing, Pollyanna is eager and ready to make everyone comfortable (even if at other people’s expense). She firmly believes in a better
future for all people and does not spare the trouble to find ways out of their
deadlocks. However, this “Pollyanna principle” – to look for the good and
keep optimistic no matter what – turns out ambivalent.
Undoubtedly, positive thinking which Pollyanna’s father taught her is
the best way to cope with unhappy situations. It is not by chance that this
strategy serves the basis for contemporary psychotherapeutic treatment –
positive psychotherapy. On the other hand, the philosophy of blind optimism which means turning a blind eye to what is harmful and which is ascribed to Pollyanna Whittier, never proves helpful. The social message addressed to suffering people as well as the readers may be interpreted in
the nowadays very current statement “everything could be worse”. People
suffering tragedies in their lives need not empty words of bad outcomes
denial, but considerate, comforting, and supportive attitude. It seems, positive thinking implies perceiving things for what they are, thus recognizing
both – positive and negative reality. Its core quality consists in founding
internal balance and harmony with the outer world, which is not an easy
matter.
Most obviously, it was the authoress’ intention to reframe people’s
perspective to perceive and assess life in brighter colours that made her
novel tremendously catching. There is no denying the fact that with her
sunny personality, open-heartedness, sincerity and ingenuousness Pollyanna has become sensationally popular in E. Porter’s country. There appeared Pollyanna “Glad Clubs” in which people were taught to practice “the
glad game” as a sadness solving tool, and Pollyanna theatres. Official Pollyanna Glad Days are held annually in June in Littleton, New Hampshire.
7
The theme of orphanhood
in fiction
“Every novel is about orphan-hood,
at least in figurative or imaginary sense”
Marthe Robert
People’s concern with abandoned children reflected in myths and folklore has found its way to fiction of many diverse cultures. Though the ways
of exposing and assessing this social phenomenon may differ, which to a
great extent depends on traditional world outlooks and certain societal
conventions, obviously, its core and pathos show lots of similarities both in
fairytales and fantasies as well as other literary genres. Abandoned children and orphans have been an apparent and recurring motif in literature
for centuries, which is traceable with such classical examples as Cinderella,
Little Snow-White, Pippi Longstocking.
The tendency to make an orphan central character, and monitor their
ways up and their lives after is most prominent in all of Ch. Dickens’s novels. It also enjoys popularity with Ch. Brontë and Th. Hardy, J. Austen and
G. Eliot, J. Webster and M. Twain. Biographers attribute the plausibility of
their narrations to life experience, since many of the mentioned novelists,
as well as fairytales’ writers – the Grimm brothers and H.Ch. Andersen –
had to suffer through the despair of being neglected because of the loss of
one or both parents. This, naturally, forced them to navigate their ways
overcoming the unavoidable obstacles and hardships. So they had the unhappy opportunity to learn them from the inside.
It takes little effort to account for the orphan-hood phenomenon
overwhelming interest in previous centuries since it used to be the fact of
life then. Nowadays the social situation has changed, and so has the problem. Since it has not been extinct entirely, people are seeking explanations
for the mystery of the interest revival, as orphans continue to appear in
fiction. Contemporary writers – J. Aiken, J. Lowery Nixon, Ph. Pullman,
G. McCaughrean still make them central characters mirroring and hyperbolizing society problems. The late nineties of the previous century witnessed
another outburst of interest for the fate of orphaned children. About twenty
years ago, exactly in 1997 J. K. Rowling exploded the world publishing the
first book of a long sequel featuring Harry Potter “to wake up famous” and
… wealthy.
8
We will probably have to admit it is due to the kind of personality an
orphan character presents. They are abandoned and lonely, enjoying and
abusing false freedoms, very often emotionally insecure. When trying to
penetrate into the core of the problem one may clearly comprehend that
the sense of independence these fictional characters demonstrate, the romanticism of seemingly adventurous lives they live are by far exceeded by
various kinds of deprivation caused by the absence of parental love and
care. Though strong and dignified at first sight, deep in their hearts they
are extremely vulnerable. They have to go through a labyrinth of experiences, and life’s threats learning their own often tragic lessons of selfdiscovery and self-reliance.
Nowadays scholars often say that orphan characters in literature mirror the state of society, particularly reflecting people’s emotional solitude
and physical isolation. Don’t these stories then play a much greater role
than that of mere entertainment for children? Aren’t they a relentless quest
for the roots of some social and psychological problems?
9
UNIT 1
chapters 1, 2, 3
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Practise pronouncing the following words:
composure, repose, explanation, refuge, remonstrance, sufficient,
drapery, gingham, sympathy, anxiously, opportunity, question, toward
2. Give the English for the following Russian expressions:
убежище, сострадание, портьеры, обладать достаточно сильным
характером, гордиться чем-либо, укрепить самообладание, приготовить
радушный прием, протест (возражение), задавать вопросы обеспокоенно, полосатое (или клетчатое) платье, преданный слуга, спокойные
манеры, быть одиноким (сам по себе), требовать объяснений, найти
возможность, благожелательно принимать сочувствие, быть в наилучших отношениях, удостовериться, обладать достаточно сильным характером, неприятная неожиданность, делать что-либо в помощь, гордиться чем-либо, исполнять свой долг, сострадание, искренняя гордость за
семью, утюг, непрерывный поток пояснений и вопросов
3. Explain the meaning of the following words and collocations. Use them in sentences:
composure, remonstrance, aching sympathy, refuge, to perform one’s
duty, to be by oneself, to make sure, to do smth toward smb’s support, to
be on the best of terms, sufficient strength of character, opportunity, unpleasant surprise
4. Translate the following collocations into English:
to pride oneself on doing something, to add to one’s composure, to
ask for attention, remonstrance, an uninterrupted string of comments and
questions, to demand anxiously, to find an opportunity, to perform one’s
duty, to be on the best of terms, to make sure, honest pride in the family,
an unpleasant surprise, to have sufficient strength of character
5. Attribute the following word combinations to characters
and situations:
to perform one’s duty, a loyal servant, aching sympathy, to prepare a
welcome for, an unpleasant surprise, to ask for explanation, repose of
manner, to do something toward somebody’s support, to be by oneself, to
10
make sure, to find an opportunity, to ask for attention, to welcome somebody’s advice
tion
6. Make up situations, using three expressions, given below:
 to find an opportunity, an unpleasant surprise, to ask for explana-
 to pride oneself on, to perform one’s duty, aching sympathy
 prepare a welcome for, to make sure, to be on the best of terms,
 to add to one’s composure, to demand anxiously, to be by oneself
 to do something toward somebody’s support, refuge, to find an opportunity
 a loyal servant, to perform one’s duty, to ask for attention
 to add to one’s composure, remonstrance, to have sufficient
strength of character
 honest pride in the family, to welcome somebody’s sympathy, to
find an opportunity
 an uninterrupted string of comments and questions, to ask for explanation to demand anxiously
 an unpleasant surprise, to have a sufficient strength of character,
repose of manner
 to be by oneself, to have a sufficient strength of character, to welcome somebody’s sympathy
 to find an opportunity, to do something toward somebody’s support,
to welcome somebody’s sympathy
 to welcome somebody’s advice, to make sure, to ask for explanation
 to ask for advice, to add to one’s composure, to pride oneself on doing something
7. Render the following statements in English:
1. Мисс Полли жила одиноко. Казалось, она не испытывала нужды
в чьей-либо компании или в чьем-то совете. Она была сильной женщиной, спокойной и гордой. 2. Приезд племянницы оказался для нее неприятной неожиданностью. Но она считала необходимым выполнить
свой долг. 3. Полли гордилась тем, что она решила как-то помочь девочке, оставшейся без родителей. Ее дом должен был стать убежищем
для племянницы. Она намеревалась честно исполнить свой долг. 4.
Нельзя сказать, что девочке был приготовлен хороший прием. Комната
ее была в мансарде под крышей. В ней не было красивой мебели и
штор. И это стало для нее неприятным сюрпризом: ее ожидания тепла и
уюта не оправдались. 5. В доме Мисс Полли всегда был порядок. Она
требовала внимания и повиновения от слуг, которые были ей преданны
и выполняли свои обязанности с усердием. 6. У Поллианны был хороший характер. Она всегда находила возможность чем-то заняться. Она
живо интересовалась всем происходящим и могла долго играть одна. 7.
Поллианна быстро подружилась с прислугой. Она всегда с удовольствием слушала советы кухарки. А та, в свою очередь, старалась облегчить жизнь девочки в не особенно гостеприимном доме тети Полли.
8. Мисс Полли не особенно нравилось, что в ее доме поселилась племянница. Девочка задавала много вопросов. Она беспрестанно о чем-то
11
говорила и вносила хаос в когда-то мирное существование тети Полли.
9. Нэнси глубоко сострадала девочке. И вскоре между ними установились очень дружеские отношения. К тому же у Поллианны был очень
сильный характер. 10. Нэнси всегда старалась сделать что-нибудь, чтобы помочь Поллианне приспособиться к жизни в чужом доме. Она искренне сочувствовала девочке. А та, в свою очередь, благожелательно
относилась к ее сочувствию. 11. У Поллианны была игра – искать во
всем хорошее. Это помогало ей укрепить самообладание даже в очень
сложных ситуациях. Поэтому со всеми окружающими она всегда была в
самых лучших отношениях. 12. Поллианна привыкла жить небогато,
поэтому рассказы о доме и состоянии ее тети пробудили в ней интерес
и надежду на лучшее. Она нуждалась в заботе и тепле. И Нэнси, зная
характер Мисс Полли, сама постаралась приготовить девочке теплый
прием. 13. Нэнси искренне сострадала Поллианне. Однако ее бесконечные разговоры и вопросы могли утомить кого угодно. Но Нэнси была
горничной и выполняла все свои обязанности хорошо.
Character study
1. Introduce the characters and account for the impression
they produce:
Polly Harrington, Pollyanna Whittier, Nancy, Tom (the gardener), Timothy
Focus on the text
1. Outline the situation: say what is in the centre of the intrigue
and describe the foregoing events, predetermining the present situation
2. Describe the place of the action: its location, nature, accommodation
3. Answer the questions:
1. What made Pollyanna leave her home place and join her aunt Polly?
2. Did she have to travel a far way?
3. Who helped the girl to reach the destination?
4. Who met her at the station?
5. Why do you think Miss Polly didn’t go to meet her niece herself?
6. What anticipations did the girl cherish on her way to the new residence?
7. Was she eager to meet her new relative? How is it made evident?
8. What did she experience on learning that Nancy was not her aunt?
9. Was she easy to console? Why?
10. What were Nancy’s feelings toward the girl?
11. How did she express her attitude to the girl’s destiny?
12. Was Pollyanna a cheerful little creature? What helped her to keep
her temper so well-conditioned?
12
4. Reproduce the situations:
 Miss Polly learns about her niece’s arrival
 Nancy is making preparations for the girl’s appearance
 Nancy is meeting Pollyanna at the station
5. Comment on
 Miss Polly’s attitude to the situation
 The servants’ view of the situation
 Pollyanna’s perception of the situation
6. Single out the most important happenings revealed in the
second chapter. Arrange them in a chronological order.
When marking off and wording the events described, it is important to keep
in mind that all the points of the outline should be formulated on a unified
structural pattern.
• in sentences:
1. Polly Harrington gets a letter, notifying of her niece’s arrival.
2. She considers the situation and admits of her duty towards the girl.
3. Miss Polly orders Nancy to clear the room in the attic.
4. Nancy feels sympathy toward the girl and intends to prepare a warm
welcome for her.
• in nominative phrases:
1) Polly Harrington’s irritation at receiving a letter
2) Miss Polly’s decision to do her duty;
3) preparations for meeting the niece
• in participial constructions:
1) getting a letter and feeling an unpleasant surprise;
2) recalling bygone grievance;
3) making a decision;
4) giving orders about the house
7. Give a short summary of the events described in chapters 1, 2, 3.
13
UNIT 2
chapters 4, 5
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following Russian expressions:
иметь удовольствие, (боязливо) затаить дыхание, с искренним
удивлением, с очевидным напряжением для собственного тщеславия,
смотреть сразу во все стороны, поразительно захватывающая проблема,
сделать замечательное открытие, слушать сосредоточенно, переживать
последствия, научиться быть пунктуальным, радостно, ликующе скакать,
весело пообещать, видеть в чем-то неприятную проблему, смелые попытки, заявить раздраженно, торжествовать, отстаивать с энтузиазмом,
обнять восторженно / нежно, рассчитывать на
2. Explain the meaning of the following words. Think of examples with these words:
vanity, wonder, consequences, discovery, cheerfully, triumphantly, affectionate, intently, frank, trouble, attempts
3. Give the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of the
words in table I
Derivation is the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing word by adding up affixes – suffixes like in the following examples:
time – timely, timeless; or prefixes: pleasure – displeasure. The resulting
outcome is called a derivative.
Grammatical formations are built up with the help of inflections, like in
the following cases: to remember – remembering, remembered.
Table I
Noun
pleasure
Derivatives
Verb
Adjective
to breath
wonderful
to suffer
to declare
to declare
vanity
consequence
Adverb
Grammatical forms
Participle i Participle ii
exciting
intently
punctual
triumphantly
cheerfully
14
promised
4. Translate the following collocations into Russian:
to listen intently, to look in all directions (at once), to promise cheerfully, to give a rapturous hug, to learn to be punctual, to exult triumphantly, in frank wonder, wondrously exciting problem, to count on, to make a
wonderful discovery, to maintain enthusiastically, to have the pleasure of ,
to draw one’s breath (tremulously), evident strain of vanity, to see trouble
about, to suffer the consequences, to declare irritably, to skip gleefully,
brave attempts, to give an affectionate hug
5. Attribute the following collocations to characters and situations:
to look in all directions (at once), to give an affectionate hug, to have
the pleasure of, to learn to be punctual, to make a wonderful discovery, to
maintain enthusiastically, to suffer the consequences, in frank wonder,
brave attempts, to count on
6. Make up situations, using expressions, given below:
to promise cheerfully, brave attempts, to have the pleasure of, to see
trouble about, to suffer the consequences, to make a wonderful discovery,
to exult triumphantly, wondrously exciting problem, to count on, to look in
all directions
Focus on the text
1. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the
formulas of agreement and disagreement.
Agreement
Disagreement
It’s true;
I’m afraid, it’s not so;
I fully agree with (you / the state- I cannot accept this;
ment / this opinion);
I don't think so;
I’m of the same opinion;
No way (strong);
I think so (too)
I'm afraid I disagree;
Exactly so;
I totally disagree (strong);
What a coincidence (of opinions / Not necessarily;
ideas)
I'd say the opposite (strong);
As far as I am concerned;
No, I'm not so sure about that;
The way I see it;
That’s not the case;
In my opinion;
I wouldn’t say so
That's just the case
Duality or doubt
On the one hand … on the other ….;
There is something in what you say;
I am not sure about it;
I am in two minds;
It’s nonsense (strong);
This is only partially true.
1. Miss Polly Harrington was an elderly lady with a big family to take care
of. 2. She was on the best of terms with her kin and in-laws. 3. She was stern
and demanding with her domestics. 4. Brought up with three younger children
15
in the family, Nancy was glad to welcome Pollyanna thinking of the happiness
children brought to relations. 5. Miss Polly shared her mood and asked her to
prepare the best room for her recently orphaned niece. 6. Miss Polly read and
reread the letter informing her of her niece’s arrival, which came as a surprise.
7. Though she liked being by herself, and preferred quiet, the girl’s appearance
might relieve the monotony of her life. 8. She delegated the task of meeting
Pollyanna to her maid Nancy because she wanted to concentrate on the task of
welcoming the girl at home. 9. She was absolutely sure that it was her duty to
help the little girl who had found herself in a predicament. 10. The old gardener
was also glad to see the girl though he couldn’t fancy how Polly Harrington
would cope with the task of child upbringing. 11. He used to know Pollyanna’s
Jennie and he seemed to love her. 12. He also witnessed Miss Polly’s better
days when she was young, pretty and happy.
2. Answer the questions:
1. How did Miss Polly meet her niece? 2. What were her motives to
accept the girl in her home? Was it out of pity, the kinship feelings or social
and moral duty? 3. How did she treat the girl? Was she right in this approach to treating a child? How can it be explained? 4. Was Pollyanna enthusiastic about the perspective of residing with her aunt? What did she
exult at in this situation? 5. What hopes did the girl cherish on entering the
house and later climbing the stairs? 6. Why do you think Miss Polly forbade
Pollyanna to speak about her father? 7. Were there things that irritated
Miss Polly about Pollyanna’s behaviour? 8. How did Polly Harrington try to
justify her choice of the worst room in the house for тук niece’s bedroom?
9. Did Pollyanna like her bedroom? Why so? 10. Who helped Pollyanna to
unpack? 11. What attire did the girl bring with her? Were the dresses new
and beautiful? What does this fact show? 12. What consolation did Pollyanna find on a more detailed inspection of the room? Did it cheer her up in
some way? 13. What discovery did she make on looking out of the window?
Did it add up to her consolation? How and why?
14. What decision did she make on this discovery? 15. What was the
general order of serving supper in Miss Polly’s house? 16. What causes her
irritation this time? How can you account for it? 17. How did she attempt to
teach her niece to be punctual? Do you think this measure was a success?
Why? 18. How did Nancy find Pollyanna?
3. Give an outline of the plot development of chapters 4 and 5.
Formulate the points of the plot in complete sentences or nominative phrases.
follow the patterns : A. 1. Polly Harrington gets a letter
2. Nancy prepares a welcome
or
B. 1. Miss Harrington’s surprise at getting a letter
2. Pollyanna’s arrival
4. Compose two right and two wrong statements on the contents of chapters 4 and 5.
5. Discuss your statements with the classmates.
16
UNIT 3
GENERAL
REVISION
Vocabulary revision
1. Give the English for the following Russian collocations:
требовать объяснения, неприятный сюрприз, быть в наилучших отношениях, выражение протеста, благожелательно принимать совет, исполнять свои обязанности, удостовериться, непрерывный поток пояснений и вопросов, сострадание, найти возможность, иметь удовольствие, с
искренним удивлением, смотреть сразу во все стороны, поразительно
захватывающая проблема, сделать замечательное открытие, научиться
быть пунктуальным, видеть в чем-то неприятную проблему, переживать
последствия, смелые попытки, отстаивать с энтузиазмом, рассчитывать
на
2. Say in what situation a person may or may not have to:
welcome smb’s advice, perform one’s duty, ask for explanation, listen
intently, learn to be punctual, maintain something enthusiastically, exult
triumphantly, make brave attempts, look in all directions, suffer the consequences
lary:
3. Read and translate the sentences with the active vocabu-
1. Miss Polly did not usually make hurried movements; she specially
prided herself on her repose of manner. 2. Miss Polly took out once more
the letter which she had received two days before from the faraway Western town, and which had been so unpleasant a surprise to her. 3. There
were people who had openly pitied her lonely life, and who had urged her
to have some friend or companion to live with her; but she had not welcomed either their sympathy or their advice. 4. Miss Polly was glad that
she was a good woman, and that she not only knew her duty, but had sufficient strength of character to perform it. 5. It was when Timothy was unloading the trunk that Nancy found an opportunity to mutter her reprimand
in his ear. 6. ‘Pollyanna,’ said her aunt sharply, ‘there is one thing that
might just as well be understood right away at once; and that is, I do not
care to have you keep talking of your father to me.’ The little girl drew in
her breath tremulously. 7. Most eagerly of all her mind turned to the wondrously exciting problem about to be solved: behind which of all these fascinating doors was waiting now her room-the dear, beautiful room full of
curtains, rugs, and pictures, that was to be her very own? 8. Pollyanna had
made a wonderful discovery-against this window a huge tree flung great
17
branches. 9. No, Nancy, you need not call Pollyanna’ Miss Polly added severely, as Nancy made a move toward the hall door. ‘I told her what time
supper was, and now she will have to suffer the consequences. 10. She
may as well begin at once to learn to be punctual. When she comes down
she may have bread and milk in the kitchen.’ 11. “Well, I like bread and
milk, and I’d like to eat with you, Nancy. I don’t see any trouble about being glad about that,’ Pollyanna declared cheerfully. 12. Quite as a matter of
course, Pollyanna came straight to her aunt’s side and gave her an affectionate hug.
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
Animal idioms
a lame duck
= an unsuccessful person in need of help
dog-tired
= very exhausted
let the cat out of the bag = reveal the secret
every dog has its day
= everyone will get one’s chance
as poor as a church mouse = very poor
take the bull by the horns = to take decisive and direct actions
 apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book
 compose short stories implying the sense of these idioms to let
the class guess what idiom is meant
Grammar consolidation:
English tense forms
(to do these tasks turn to Basic Grammar References)
1. Complete the sentences, following the pattern:
Pollyanna is a pretty little girl
Nancy is…
Aunt Polly ……..
Tom is …….
Miss Polly’s house ……
Pollyanna’s room ……….
The garden, surrounding the house ………
Pollyanna’s disposition ………
18
The view from the window ……
The girl’s expectations …….
Miss Polly’s intentions …….
2. Turn these sentences into the past tense form
3. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Мисс Полли была рада, что поселила Поллианну в мансарде. 2.
Нэнси объяснила Мисс Полли, что она не нашла Поллианну в своей
комнате. 3. Садовник сказал, что девочка убежала в поле. 4. Поллианна сказала Нэнси, что отец научил ее играть в замечательную игру. 5.
Она рассказала, как это все произошло. 6. Поллианна была рада, что
приехала к тете Полли. 7. Тетя Полли не сожалела о том, что на ужин
девочка поела только хлеб с молоком. 8. Поллианна не расстроилась,
что ей пришлось ужинать в кухне. 9. Она сказала тете, что она всегда
любила молоко и хлеб. 10. Мисс Полли была очень удивлена, что девочка пришла ее поблагодарить за скудный ужин.
4. Make up short stories on the following situations:
1) Pollyanna’s arrival; 2) Pollyanna’s expectations; 3) Pollyanna’s disappointment; 4) Pollyanna’s positive thinking ; 5) Pollyanna’s memories of
her family ; 6) Miss Polly’s irritation on reading the letter; 7) Miss Polly’s
household; 8) circumstances in Nancy’s family; 9) Nancy’s attitude to her
job; 10) Nancy’s reaction to Pollyanna’s suggestion of the Good game.
* Be careful about the grammar patterns you use
Focus on the text
1. Answer the questions:
1. What is Miss Polly’s family name? 2. How old is she? 3. How old she
was when her family split up? 4. What was the reason of this break? 5. In
what state did Miss Polly live? 6. How old was Pollyanna? 7. What was Pollyanna’s mother’s name? 8. What was Pollyanna’s family name? 9. What
was the date of Pollyanna’s arrival? 10. At what time was the train due?
11. What was the family name of the people who helped Pollyanna to travel
the far way? 12. What was the organization that had taken care of Pollyanna before she came to Beldingsville? 13. What could Pollyanna see from
her room window? 14. What was Pollyanna’s wonderful discovery? 15. At
what time did they have supper at Miss Harrington’s?
2. Recall the details of:
 the Harrington family break
 the circumstances that made Nancy look for a job
 Timothy and Nancy meeting Pollyanna
 Nancy’s refusal to leave the job at Miss Polly’s
 the aunt and the niece’s firs meeting
 Pollyanna’s first impression of the house
 Pollyanna’s consolation
 Nancy getting to know the Glad Game
 Pollyanna’s learning the Glad Game
 supper in the kitchen
19
3. Discuss the following:
 the family quarrel over Jennie’s marriage
 Miss Polly’s turns of the fate (as told by the gardener)
 Miss Polly’s demands for obedience
 Pollyanna’s flexibility in adjusting to circumstances
Focus on reading
1. Practice reading the following combinations of words. Observe the rules of pronunciation.
the nearest tree-branch, at the back of the house, at the top of which,
beside the huge rock, at the moment, in the world, the top of that big rock,
out of breath, the path that ran, through the open field, she was thinking,
she was thinking
2. Listen to the recorded text and mark the intonation.
Pollyanna had made a wonderful discovery—against this window a
huge tree flung great branches. To Pollyanna they looked like arms outstretched, inviting her. Suddenly she laughed aloud. ‘I believe I can do it,’
she chuckled. The next moment she had climbed nimbly to the window
ledge. From there it was an easy matter to step to the nearest tree-branch.
Then, clinging like a monkey, she swung herself from limb to limb until the
lowest branch was reached. The drop to the ground was — even for Pollyanna, who was used to climbing trees — a little fearsome. She took it,
however, with bated breath, swinging from her strong little arms, and landing on all fours in the soft grass. Then she picked herself up and looked
eagerly about her.
She was at the back of the house. Before her lay a garden in which a
bent old man was working. Beyond the garden a little path through an
open field led up a steep hill, at the top of which a lone pine tree stood on
guard beside the huge rock. To Pollyanna, at the moment, there seemed to
be just one place in the world worth being in — the top of that big rock.
With a run and a skilful turn, Pollyanna skipped by the bent old man,
threaded her way between the orderly rows of green growing things, and
— a little out of breath — reached the path that ran through the open field.
Then, determinedly, she began to climb. Already, however, she was thinking what a long, long way off that rock must be, when back at the window
it had looked so near!
Fifteen minutes later the great clock in the hallway of the Harrington
homestead struck six. At precisely the last stroke Nancy sounded the bell
for supper.
One, two, three minutes passed. Miss Polly frowned and tapped the
floor with her slipper. A little jerkily she rose to her feet, went into the hall,
and looked up-stairs, plainly impatient. For a minute she listened intently;
then she turned and swept into the dining room.
3. Read the text out loud.
20
UNIT 4
chapters 6, 7
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Pronounce the following words:
аpologize, irresistible, enthusiasm, vouchsafe, experience, relaxation,
precipitation, porte-cochere, rapturous, triumphant, consequences, wondrously, conglomerate
2. Give the English for the following Russian expressions:
особая награда за заслуги, очевидное нежелание, подталкиваемый непреодолимой силой, затаить дыхание, извиниться застенчиво,
величественно пересечь комнату, вспышка сильного воодушевления,
разнородные предметы, делать по очереди, удостоить (соизволить),
дерзкий, волнующий опыт, чувство безвольного расслабления, восхитительный разговор, делать что-то бездумно, веранда для загара над
входом в дом, шуба из меха морского котика, давать приятное ощущение, вздох удовлетворения, с одинаковой опрометчивостью
3. Explain the meaning of the following expressions:
to catch one’s breath, visible reluctance, conglomerate garments, to
take turns, porte-cochere, with (equal) precipitation, to do something without thinking
4. Translate the following collocations into Russian:
to apologize timidly, to do something without thinking, to give a
pleasant sensation, a special reward of merit, with equal precipitation, to
be impelled by irresistible force, to cross the room majestically, to take
turns, a sigh of content, sun parlor built over the porte-cochere, impertinent, visible reluctance, to catch one’s breath, conglomerate garments, to
vouchsafe, the feeling of limp relaxation, an exciting experience, sealskin
coat, a delightful talk
5. Do a substitution drill, filling in the marked position of the
collocation:
 to give a sigh of content (relief, dissatisfaction, gratitude, understanding, support, grief, expectation, boredom, joy, disagreement)
 to give / produce / arouse a pleasant sensation (strange, unexpected, surprising, wonderful, boring, tiresome, frightening, calming, intriguing)
21
 to promise cheerfully (enthusiastically, calmly, tiredly, reluctantly,
warmly, eagerly, straightforwardly, clearly, unexpectedly, abruptly, convincingly)
 to maintain enthusiastically (eagerly, secretly, devotedly, enthusiastically, clearly, wholeheartedly, persistently, openly, reluctantly, persuasively)
6. Compile a sentence with one of the practiced collocations
and expand it into a situation, giving the reasons of the described state.
Follow the pattern: a surprising sensation- It aroused a surprising
sensation. – It aroused a surprising sensation of inviting tranquility. – The
sight behind the window was pleasing the eye. A carefully groomed garden
lay before her. Huge trees flung great branches. Beyond the garden a little
path through an open field led up a steep hill, at the top of which a lone
pine tree stood on guard beside the huge rock. It aroused a surprising sensation of inviting tranquility.
Focus on grammar
1. Give the three forms of the verbs:
разразиться,
начать(ся) внезапно
оставлять, покидать
забывать
подниматься
вести машину
ловить
принести
пить
качать
рисовать
наклониться
трясти
закрывать
спать
Infinitive
Past Simple
Table II
Participle I
2. Give the negative form of the following adjectives:
hopeful - ___________, kind - __________, graceful __________resistible - _______________, tiresome - ___________, interesting - _______________, approving - __________, tactful __________, excited - ____________, shameful - _____________, proper
- ____________, grateful - ______________
22
3. Supply the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of
the words:
Table III
Noun
Joy
Verb
to presume
to concentrate
Adjective
to think
Participle I
Participle II
interesting
endlessly
remembering
impertinent
amusement
dignity
Adverb
perfectly
delighted
horrified
beautifying
fearful
4. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Поллианна любила хлеб с молоком и не видела никакой беды в
том, что тетя оставила ее без нормального ужина. 2. Поллианна научила Нэнси своей игре и с энтузиазмом доказывала, что это здорово.
3. Нэнси очень сомневалась, что у нее все получится и просила Поллианну не очень то рассчитывать на нее. 4. Вечером Поллианна зашла
пожелать тёте спокойной ночи и нежно обняла ее. 5. Необходимость
читать книги Поллианна встретила с большим энтузиазмом. 6. Когда
тётя Полли велела ей закончить чтение, девочка отложила книгу с явной неохотой. 7. Они занялись тем, что разбирали разнородный предметы одежды Поллианны. 8. Женщины из благотворительного общества
учили Поллианну готовить по очереди. 9. Покупка новых вещей оказалась восхитительным удовольствием для девочки, всегда носившей
чужие платья. 10. Мисс Полли удивляло, что Поллианна принимала то,
что она считала наказанием, как особую награду.
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
23
FOOD IDIOMS
cast bread upon the waters = act out of good feelings not
expecting any reward
cry over spilt milk
= be unhappy about something
that cannot be undone or
returned
the land of milk and honey = an imaginary place where
there is more than enough of
everything
 apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book
 compose short stories implying the sense of these idioms to let
the class guess what idiom is meant
Focus on the text
1. Worming up. Answer the questions:
1. What were the names of Nancy’s brother and Sisters? 2. Why didn’t
Nancy like her name? 3. What was the usual time for supper in Polly Harrington’s house? 4. What did Miss Polly remonstrate with Pollyanna about?
5. Why did Pollyanna catch her breath when talking to Tom? 6. What for
did Pollyanna always have to apologize to her aunt? 7. What was the
source Pollyanna’s clothing? 8. Who was the school principal in Beldingsville? 9. Who taught Pollyanna to cook? 10. What did she learn to cook?
11. Where did Pollyanna found a suitable place for her first night stay in
Aunt Polly’s house?
2. Attribute the following expressions to the exact situations
in which they are used in the text:
a burst of eager enthusiasm, conglomerate garments, an exciting experience, to do without thinking, to give a pleasant sensation, special reward of merit
3. Give a précis of chapter VI
A précis is a way of making a summary in which the peculiarities of the
summarized text are retained. The length of a précis may vary, though the
common recommendation is that ее should not exceed one-sixth of the
original text.
In making a précis it is helpful to always read the text with a pencil in
hand, so as to take notes of the most essential points or underline key sentences. Composing an outline is a worthy method as well. The next step
consists in summarizing each part of the text on the basis of the outlined
points, or the key sentences, just completing them with another sentence
or two. If properly linked, they will make a coherent précis.
It is important that a précis though concise should embrace the important information. Do not express your opinion or debate the points.
To make your précis concise and logical
24
make sure
 the important events in the story are mentioned and clearly explained
 the logic of relaying them is strictly observed
 the body of the précis is complete and coherent
 the paragraphs of the précis are adequately linked
 the final sentence ties together all that you have summarized
Avoid
 giving illustrations, examples, details
 supporting or questioning the author’s arguments
 interjecting personal opinions
Character study
1. Trace the events described in chapter VII. Arrange them in a
sequential order. State which of them are more important for character
drawing of Pollyanna and Miss Polly.
2. Give your opinion on these two characters’ essential traits
of character
 Duty as Polly Harrington’s life principle
 Naïveté, cheerfulness and unpredictability as Pollyanna’s distinctive features
25
UNIT 5
chapters 8, 9, 10
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Read the following words:
Leisure, exhausted, vaguely, accordance, privilege, earnest, difference, conciliation, hospitality, inexplicable, imminent
2. Give the English for the following words and expressions:
испытывать неясное сожаление, попросту говоря, работать ловко,
найти время для удовольствий, свободное время, неожиданная смена
темы, абсурдный (нелепый), иметь секреты, передумать, торопливое
примирение, говорить серьезно, неизбежный риск, абсолютно изнуренный, нести свой крест, необъяснимая причина, замешательство (смущение, недоумение), выглядеть одиноким, усесться поудобнее, привести в порядок, быть благодарным, просить (умолять) разрешения, работать проворно, в соответствии с указаниями, не делать разницы (не
иметь значения), уладить дела, гостеприимство дома, холодец, предсказывать (пророчить), искать
3. Give expressions contrary in meaning to those, listed below:
working time, full of energy, to make no difference, to work slowly
and lazily, true to reason, a system of identical items (things), unfriendliness, to stick to one’s decision, to explain in a complicated way, clear reason
4. Explain the meaning of the following collocations:
to settle into order, in accordance with order, leisure time, preposterous, hospitality of the place, to change one’s mind, imminent risk, to
prophesy, to have a skeleton in one’s closet, to make the difference, to
take one’s cross
5. Give the English for the for the following Russian words
and spell the English counterparts:
предрекать (предсказывать), абсурдный (нелепый), замешательство (недоумение), обессиленный (измученный, истощенный), опрометчивость (стремительность), ощущение, опыт (жизненный), смесь (набор
разнородных объектов), непреодолимый (неопровержимый), разница
26
6. Say in what cases we may assert that a person:
 is impertinent / punctual / at imminent risk
 has or has had an exciting experience / sufficient strength of
character / suffered the consequences
 does one’s duty / something without thinking
 works deftly
 looks lonesome / wholly exhausted
 remonstrates
7. Form the missing derivatives and grammatical forms of the
words:
Table IV
Noun
change
subject
Verb
to direct
to prophesy
Adjective
to bewilder
Participle I Participle II
preposterous
conglomeratic
reason
Adverb
perfect
exhausted
comfortably
intending
sarcastically
8. Write a quiz on vocabulary lists of lessons 1, 2, 4
Character study
1. By now you have met several people who are well introduced by
the authoress. From the description given to them and foregrounding their
most prominent likes and dislikes, their preferences, their hopes and frustrations. What they idealize and what they hate is shown by way of mentioning the slightest details bypassing, out of which the personality arises
alive and vibrant. By which of the few words given below you may define
their dominant moods and the principles of their life-style.
Match the descriptive word and the character:
Character
Polly Harrington
Pollyanna Whittier
Nancy
Mrs. Snow
John Pendleton
Positive
27
Chart I
Negative
adaptable, affectionate, agreeable, amiable, bright, communicative, careful, compassionate, conscientious, considerate, courageous, creative, decisive, determined, diligent,
easygoing, energetic, generous, hard-working, helpful,
inventive, optimistic, orderly, persistent, rational, reserved,
sensible, sociable, sympathetic, straightforward, warmhearted
aggressive, arrogant, belligerent, boring, bossy, cantankerous, conservative, foolish, impatient, inconsistent, indecisive, inflexible, moody, narrow-minded, naughty, nervous, obstinate, overemotional, patronizing, pessimistic,
possessive, quarrelsome, resentful, rude, secretive, selfcentered, vague
Positive
Negative
2. In chapter 8 Pollyanna gets acquainted with two new people. She
calls her first acquaintance “the Man”.
 describe this person
 assess him, say what impression he produced on Pollyanna and
what impression he produces on you
 complete character description of John Pendleton, basing it on
Nancy’s story about him in chapter 9
The other acquaintance is Mrs. Snow.
 reveal the prehistory of this acquaintance
 describe Mrs. Snow the way Nancy saw her
 say in what way Nancy’s assessment of Mrs. Snow differs from
that of Pollyanna’s
 comment on Mrs. Snow’s attitude to Pollyanna
1.




Focus on the text
Discuss the following:
Pollyanna’s daily schedule as planned by Miss Polly
Pollyanna’s visits to Mrs. Snow
Duty as the most important principle of Polly Harrington’s life
Changes in home arrangements of Polly Harrington’s
28
UNIT 6
chapters 11, 12, 13
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following collocations:
как само собой разумеющееся, последовательный опрос, абсолютно неправильно понять, задохнувшись от испуга (смятения), в ошеломляющем потрясении, под чьим-либо руководством, безутешный (печальный, несчастный), приятель своего возраста, озарение прекрасной
идеей, проводить кого-либо без колебаний, предстать перед (противостоять кому-либо) безбоязненно, безапелляционный (категорический,
высокомерный) жест, заставляющий замолчать, изложить существо
вопроса кому-либо, найти (изыскать) деньги, чувство опустошенности,
достичь цели, оказаться на запретной территории, несмотря на разочарование, получить доверие, знать по опыту, изложить причину, быть в
смятении, доставить сообщение, (желанная, приятная) замена комулибо / чему либо
2. Read the following words:
Questioning, entirely, dumbfounded, disconsolate, companion, hesitate, amazement, peremptory, desolation, experience, systemic, disappointment, notwithstanding
3. Give the negative forms of the following words:
Positive
Negative
Positive
hesitatingly
understand
questionable
practical
hopeful
systemic
fearful
experienced
developed
Negative
4. Supply the derivatives and word-forms:
Noun
system
Verb
Adjective
amazing
to instruct
29
Adverb
Wonderfully
silence
experiential
to substitute
sense
Reasonably
to confront
5. Explain the meaning of the following collocations:
under somebody’s instruction, the dawning of a wonderful idea, to pilot smb. into, to confront smb. fearlessly, to lay the case before smb, to
get credit, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to raise money, to give
reasons for
Vocabulary extension: figurative language

A broken leg? Oh, Mr. Pendleton, how perfectly awful!
The collocation “perfectly awful” is defined as oxymoron. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that juxtaposes contradictory, logically incompatible words. As many other literary and rhetorical devices oxymorons are
used for a variety of purposes. In this case it creates a humorous effect.
.
Grammar consolidation
the sequence of tenses
(to do the task turn to the Basic Grammar References)
1. Translate the following sentences into English
1. Однажды Поллианна принесла в дом котенка, которого она
нашла на дороге. 2. Она объяснила тете Полли, что пыталась найти его
хозяина, но не смогла. 3. Тогда она решила, что возьмет его себе.
4. Она считала, что тетя Полли будет только рада, если у них появится
маленький котенок. 5. Поллианне и в голову не приходило, что тетя
Полли не захочет, чтобы в доме был котенок, которого она где-то подобрала. 6. После долгих уговоров Мисс Полли согласилась с тем, что
котенок останется в доме. 7 Поняв это по-своему, через некоторое время Поллианна принесла щенка. 8. В этот раз Мисс Полли даже не
нашла в себе сил, чтобы сопротивляться. 9. Однако, когда менее, чем
через неделю, Поллианна привела маленького мальчика и попросила
тетю взять его к себе, потому что он нуждался в помощи, Мисс Полли
категорически отказалась это делать. 10. Несмотря на это, Поллианна
решила, что она все равно найдет приют для своего нового знакомого.
30
Focus on the text
1. Reproduce the episodes (reproduction implies a comprehensive
rendering of the story, relaying the content of the text in full with strict
accuracy and exactness, exposing dialogues indirectly)
 Pollyanna trying to persuade Jimmy that there is a way out of his
predicament
 Pollyanna’s preparations for the Ladies Aid meeting
 Pollyanna’s attempts to reason with the ladies about helping Jimmy Bean
 Pollyanna’s bewilderment at the ladies’ arguments on making the
decision
2. Comment on the following happenings: (the commentary
should be based on the assumption that everybody present is acquainted
with the development of the intrigue, that is why you have only to mention
the basic issue by way of introduction and then offer your own perception,
approval or disapproval of a person’s actions and your reasons for the kind
of assessment you have)
 Pollyanna bringing home a cat and a dog
 Pollyanna’s wish to help Jimmy Bean
 Aunt Polly rejecting to accept Jimmy and giving him a shelter
 Pollyanna’s decision to lay the case of Jimmy Bean before the Ladies’ Aiders
3. Answer the questions:
1. Where did Pollyanna go after she had left the chapel? 2. Why did
she go there? 3. Did she like to walk on her own? 4. What did she call the
days when there were no sewing or cooking lessons? 5. Why did she want
the Ladies’s Aiders to have a walk in Pendleton Hill? 6. What surprised Pollyanna in the dog’s behavior? 7. What happened to Mr. Pendleton? 8. What
did Mr. Pendleton ask Pollyanna to do for him? 9. Was she quick to fulfill
the task? 10. What impression did Mr. Pendleton’s house produce on her?
11. What surprised Mr. Pendleton in Pollyanna’s actions and words? 12.
What did Pollyanna think about Mr. Pendleton? 13. How did she explain to
him that in fact he was a good man? 14. How did she try to help him while
they were waiting for the help to come?
Character study
There is a general conception that some characters perform central roles
while the roles of the others are qualified as supporting. So it seems important firstly to attribute the degree of importance to the participants of
the actions relayed in the novel. This may be drawn from your speculations
on point 3 of the general review part.
31
1. Define the central characters. Support your choice using the
text facts.
Writers have got quite an arsenal of means to give their characters an allround presentation and make them look real. It is widely recognized that at
first introduction a character’s appearance and some traits of disposition
are stated directly, or described. The latter are further molded through
the characters actions, attitudes, behavior in the occurring situations. This
is an indirect way of creating a character, because in this case the reader
is called upon to form one’s own judgment. Another means of making the
picture complete is through the dialogue, since it is generally accepted that
a person’s speech reveals one to the best. There also exist other ways of
making a palpable image. They comprise exposing the person’s thoughts
and ideas (internal speech), other characters’ talks and judgments, the
writer’s digressions, in which the writer expresses a personal opinion of the
character
2.






Give presentations of the characters
Aunt Polly
Nancy
Pollyanna
Miss Snow
Mr. Pendleton
Jimmy Bean
This task is meant to be done as project work
Project work is a creative activity of a team chosen at random. From
among the team members choose the coordinator – a person who will be
responsible for the order of work and leading the group discussion. By a
corporate effort define the major points for discussion and arrange them
logically. Discuss these points (in English) thoroughly. Make the plan of
your presentation and follow it when exposing the achieved results.
32
UNIT 7
GENERAL
REVISION
Warming up
 Recall the data and answer the questions promptly:
1. Was it spring or summer when the events described in the book
were developing? What were the months? 2. What phrase did Aunt Polly
use to repeat when speaking of Pollyanna? 3. In what part of Beldingsville
was Miss Polly’s house located? 4. On what day did Miss Polly “do her duty”
to Mrs. Snow? 5. How old was Mrs. Snow? 6. How long did she have to stay
in bed because of her illness? 7. What was Mrs. Snow’s daughter’s name?
8. How did Pollyanna manage to attract the Man’s attention? 9. What was
his name? 10. How and why did Pollyanna surprise Mrs. Snow one day?
What dishes did she bring? 11. Why did Miss Polly visit Pollyanna’s room
one day? Was it a planned visit or did it happen by chance? 12. What
caused her decision to move Pollyanna to a better room? 13. Did Miss Polly
like pets? 14. Did Polly Harrington appreciate the idea of taking a strange
boy into her home? 15. What other steps did Pollyanna undertake to settle
Jimmy bean’s life problem? 16. Do you think she will finally find a place for
Jimmy? What makes you think so?
Vocabulary extension
tern:
1. Read the following words using the appropriate intonation pat-
1. leisure, vaguely, accordance, privilege, earnest, difference, conciliation, hospitality, inexplicable , imminent
2. apologize, irresistible, enthusiasm, vouchsafe, experience, relaxation, precipitation, rapturous, triumphant, consequences, wondrously, conglomerate
3. pleasure, breath, tremulously, vanity, directions, discovery, exciting, punctual, cheerfully, enthusiastically
4. composure, explanation, unpleasant, remonstrance, sympathy, sufficient, strength, honest, drapery, questions, anxiously, opportunity
5. dismay, questioning, amazement, disconsolate, unhesitatingly,
peremptory, desolation, notwithstanding, substitution, gasp, forbidden,
disappointment
33
2. Read and translate the following collocations:
as a matter of course, systemic questioning, to misunderstand (smth.,
smb.) entirely, with a gasp of dismay, in a dumbfounded amazement, under somebody’s instruction, disconsolate, a companion of one’s own age,
the dawning of a wonderful idea, to pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly, to
overcome smb., to confront smb. fearlessly, with a peremptory gesture of
silence, to lay the case before smb, to raise money, to gain the point, a
sense of desolation, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to get credit, to
know by experience, notwithstanding the disappointment, to give reasons
for, to be in a whirl, to deliver a message, a (welcome) substitution for
3. Give the English for the following Russian words and spell
them:
опрос, непонимание, ошеломляющий, потрясение, смятение, безутешный, без колебаний, безапелляционный, опустошенность, запретный, разочарование, замена, несмотря на
4. Define the following notions:
systemic, misunderstanding, disconsolate, companion, dawning, unhesitatingly, peremptorily, desolation, disappointment, substitution, whirl,
fearless, experience
Focus on grammar
1. Give the three forms of the irregular verbs:
Table V
The Infinitive
The Past
Indefinite
чувствовать
разрешать
толкать,
протыкать
ломать, бить
вскочить
забывать
вести машину
расти
поймать
запрещать
подниматься
посылать
брать
падать
учить
прощать
34
Participle II
2. Translate the following participial collocations into English:
1) опавшие листья
2) разбитое сердце
3) пойманный взгляд
4) запрещенные действия
5) выросшее дерево
6) забытое обещание
7) ощутимая симпатия
8) преподанный урок
9) отправленная телеграмма
3. Render the following situation in English using your active
vocabulary:
Тетя Полли разрешила Поллианне взять в дом собаку. Но она запретила принять в дом мальчика, которого привела Поллианна. Это
разбило надежду девочки иметь рядом друга своего возраста. Джимми
почувствовал отношение Мисс Хэррингтон и вышел из комнаты. Поллианна кинулась за ним. Она забыла про хорошие манеры, которым ее
учила тетя Полли. Она поймала Джимми у калитки и объяснила ему
свой план действий.
На следующий день она изложила ситуацию благотворительному
обществу.
Она думала, что они помогут Джимми. Но женщины из благотворительного общества решили, что это мисс Хэррингтон послала девочку.
Возможно, поэтому они решили оказать помощь не тому, кто, нуждаясь
в ней, был рядом с ними, а неизвестному ребенку в далекой стране.
Character study
1. Identify the person by the given description
1. She was an angel straight out of Heaven, but the old
master and missus knew her as their oldest daughter.
She was twenty when she married and went away from
her parents’ home long years ago.
2. He was a good-natured youth, and a good-looking
one, as well. Short as had been Nancy’s stay at the
house, the two were already good friends.
3. She was a slender little girl in the red-checked gingham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hanging down her
back. Beneath the straw hat, an eager, freckled little face
turned to the right and to the left, plainly searching for
some one.
4. He wore a long black coat and a high silk hat — two
things that the ‘just men’ never wore. His face was clean
shaven and rather pale, and his hair, showing below his
hat, was somewhat gray. He walked erect, and rather
rapidly, and he was always alone.
35
5. She was forty and quite alone in the world. For years,
now, she had been sole mistress of the house and of the
thousands left her by her father. There were people who
had openly pitied her lonely life, and who had urged her
to have some friend or companion to live with her; but
she had not welcomed either their sympathy or their advice. She was not lonely, she said. She liked being by
herself. She preferred quiet.
6. Meanwhile the woman, frowning prodigiously, and
openly scoffing at the whole procedure, was, in spite of
herself, beginning to tingle with a feeling perilously near
to excitement. ‘Humph!’ grunted the woman, eyeing her
reflection in the mirror severely.
7. He was an old man. In his dim blue eyes, as he faced
the house, there was the loyal servant’s honest pride in
the family he has served and loved for long years. He
told Pollyanna wonderful things of her mother, that made
her very happy indeed.
2. Assess Pollyanna’s instant reaction to the situation in the
following cases:
 Encounter with Jimmy Bean
 Jimmy’s frustration at aunt Polly’s rejection to let him in the family
Focus on the text
1. State which events make the landmarks of the plot development
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. Speak about the intrigue development. Say between who and
who it evolves.
3. Describe the setting and the time of the action.
4. Give a short account of the events of the part under discussion
5. Say what problems are in the focus of the writer’s attention
6. Comment on the message of the story and the impact it may
have on the readers
36
Developing reproductive skills
Learn to retell dialogues
Sentences may not merely relay events or describe people and situations.
Often they “perform actions” like invitations (I invite you to a baby-shower
party), suggestions (I suggest that we visit the exhibition), punishments
(I forbid you to watch animations today), warnings (The root of the expedition is dangerous). When people have a talk it is usually purposeful. The
aim may be to share news, ideas, opinions, as well as to make the interlocutor or the audience do something or act special way. It may also imply
apology, sorrow, readiness to help and the like.
1. Read the following dialogue and find words matching the
actions. Choose the most suitable from those given below:
to ask / reques; to give details / information, / to offer explanation /
to explain / to argue / to give arguments; to object / to instruct; to wonder
/ to inquire / to be puzzled / anxious; to agree / disagree; to account for /
to reason; to promise; to advise; to offer / to suggest
1. Mr. Pendleton! Oh, are you hurt?’
2. ‘Hurt? Oh, no! I’m just taking a siesta in the sunshine,’ snapped the man
irritably. ‘See here, how much do you know? What can you do? Have you
got any sense?’
Pollyanna caught her breath with a little gasp, but—as was her habit—she
answered the questions literally, one by one. 3. ‘Why, Mr. Pendleton, I—I
don’t know so very much, and I can’t do a great many things; but most of
the Ladies’ Aiders, except Mrs. Rawson, said I had real good sense. I heard
‘them say so one day—they didn’t know I heard, though.’ The man smiled
grimly. 4. ‘There, there, child, I beg your pardon, I’m sure; it’s only this
confounded leg of mine. Now listen.’ He paused, and with some difficulty
reached his hand into his trousers pocket and brought out a bunch of keys,
singling out one between his thumb and forefinger. 5. ‘Straight through the
path there, about five minutes’ walk, is my house. This key will admit you
to the side door under the porte-cochere. Do you know what a portecochere is?’
6. ‘Oh, yes, sir. Auntie has one with a sun parlor over it. That’s the roof I
slept on—only I didn’t sleep, you know. They found me.’
7. ‘Eh? Oh! Well, when you get into the house, go straight through the
vestibule and hall to the door at the end. On the big, flat-topped desk in
37
the middle of the room you’ll find a telephone. Do you know how to use a
telephone?’
8. ‘Oh, yes, sir! Why, once when Aunt Polly—
9. ‘Never mind Aunt Polly now,’ cut in the man scowlingly, as he tried to
move himself a little. ‘Hunt up Dr. Thomas Chilton’s number on the card
you’ll find somewhere around there—it ought to be on the hook down at
the side, but it probably won’t be. You know a telephone card, I suppose,
when you see one!’
10. ‘Oh, yes, sir! I just love Aunt Polly’s. There’s such a lot of queer
names…
11. ‘Tell Dr. Chilton that John Pendleton is at the foot of Little Eagle Ledge
in Pendleton Woods with a broken leg, and to come at once with a stretcher and two men. He’ll know what to do besides that. Tell him to come by
the path from
the house.’ ‘
12. A broken leg? Oh, Mr. Pendleton, how perfectly awful!’ shuddered Pollyanna. ‘But I’m so glad I came! Can’t I do—‘
13. ‘Yes, you can—but evidently you won’t! WILL you go and do what I ask
and stop talking,’ moaned the man, faintly.
2. Consider the dialogue between Polly Harrington and Pollyanna. Find words to render the actions performed by speech. Render the
subject-matter of the dialogue.
It was about a week after the accident in Pendleton Woods that Pollyanna
said to her aunt one morning:
1. ‘Aunt Polly, please would you mind very much if I took Mrs. Snow’s
calf’s-foot jelly this week to some one else? I’m sure Mrs. Snow wouldn’t—
this once.’
2. ‘Dear me, Pollyanna, what ARE you up to now? Sighed her aunt. ‘You
ARE the most extraordinary child!’
Pollyanna frowned a little anxiously. 3. ‘Aunt Polly, please, what is extraordinary? If you’re Extraordinary you can’t be ORdinary, can you?’
‘You certainly can not.’
‘Oh, that’s all right, then. I’m glad I’m EXtraordinary,’ sighed Pollyanna,
her face clearing. 4. ‘You see, Mrs. White used to say Mrs. Rawson was a
very ordinary woman—and she disliked Mrs. Rawson something awful.
They were always fighting I mean, WE had more trouble keeping peace
between them than we did between any of the rest of the Aiders,’ corrected
Pollyanna.
5. ‘Yes, yes; well, never mind,’ interposed Aunt Polly, a trifle impatiently.
‘You do run on so, Pollyanna, and no matter what we’re talking about you
always bring up at those Ladies’ Aiders!’
6. ‘Yes’m,’ smiled Pollyanna, cheerfully, ‘I reckon I do, maybe. But you see
they used to bring me up, and—‘
7. ‘That will do, Pollyanna,’ interrupted a cold voice. ‘Now what is it about
this jelly?’
8. ‘Nothing, Aunt Polly, truly, that you would mind, I’m sure. You let me
take jelly to HER, so I thought you would to HIM—this once. You see, bro-
38
ken legs aren’t like—like lifelong invalids, so his won’t last forever as Mrs.
Snow’s does, and she can have all the rest of the things after just once or
twice.’
9. ‘Him’? ‘He’? ‘Broken leg’? What are you talking about, Pollyanna?’
Pollyanna stared; then her face relaxed.
10. ‘Oh, I forgot. I reckon you didn’t know. You see, it happened while you
were gone. It was the very day you went that I found him in the woods,
you know; and I had to unlock his house and telephone for the men and
the doctor, and hold his head, and everything. And of course then I came
away and haven’t seen him since. But when Nancy made the jelly for Mrs.
Snow this week I thought how nice it would be if I could take it to him instead of her, just this once. Aunt Polly, may I?’
11. ‘Yes, yes, I suppose so,’ acquiesced Miss Polly, a little wearily. ‘Who did
you say he was?’
12. ‘The Man. I mean, Mr. John Pendleton.’
Miss Polly almost sprang from her chair. ‘JOHN PENDLETON!’
13. ‘Yes. Nancy told me his name. Maybe you know him.’
Miss Polly did not answer this. Instead she asked:
14. ‘Do YOU know him?
Pollyanna nodded. 15. ‘Oh, yes. He always speaks and smiles—now. He’s
only cross OUTSIDE, you know. I’ll go and get the jelly. Nancy had it ‘most
fixed when I came in,’ finished Pollyanna, already halfway across the room.
16. Pollyanna, wait! Miss Polly’s voice was suddenly very stern. I’ve
changed my mind. I would prefer that Mrs. Snow had that jelly to-day—as
usual. That is all. You may go now.’
Pollyanna’s face fell. 17. ‘Oh, but Aunt Polly, HERS will last. She can always be sick and have things, you know; but his is just a broken leg, and
legs don’t last—I mean, broken ones. He’s had it a whole week now.’
18. ‘Very well, Pollyanna,’ she said at last , still in that queer voice, so unlike her own; ‘you may you may take the jelly to Mr. Pendleton as your
own gift. But understand: I do not send it. Be very sure that he does not
think I do!’
‘Yes’m—no’m—thank you, Aunt Polly,’ exulted Pollyanna.
Focus on the text
Discuss the situations
 Say if Pollyanna’s positive disposition influenced her aunt. Give
examples to prove your point of view
 Comment on how Pollyanna taught people to play the “Glad
Game”
 Explain Pollyanna’s motifs and aims in helping people out of difficulties (from psychological and social standpoints)
 Think and say if the life in Beldingsville changed with Pollianna’s
appearance. Support your ideas with examples.
 Prove or disprove that in Pollyanna’s naivety there is a lot of good
will and a great desire to make people happy. Give your arguments.
39
UNIT 8
chapters 14, 15, 16
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following Russian words and expressions:
в ошеломляющем потрясении, под чьим-либо руководством, изыскать деньги, изложить существо вопроса кому-либо, безапелляционный жест, оказаться в запретной зоне, получить доверие, несмотря на
разочарование, замена, знать по опыту, доставить сообщение, изложить причину, чувство опустошенности, предстать перед кем-либо безбоязненно, охватить, как само собой разумеющееся, безутешный (печальный, несчастный), достичь цели, абсолютно неправильно понять,
приятель своего возраста, быть в смятении, озарение прекрасной идеей, задохнувшись от смятения, проводить кого-либо без колебаний,
последовательный опрос
2. Read words and expressions and translate them into Russian:
remorseful memories, at the appointed place, to show keen disappointment, no matter what, to meet with an accident, to shift impatiently
from one foot to the other, a slight delay, imperturbably, an extensive personal acquaintance, a wonder-working tonic, overwhelming unquenchable
gladness for everything, a sumptuously furnished (bed)room, till doomsday, to look at smth from a certain standpoint, on account of, to deny oneself smth, open skepticism, to tell smb. outright that, in absurd fashion, an
odd throb of joy, alight with excitement and surprise, to forget one’s determination, bedecked, to get the prescription filled, to consider smth for a
moment
3. Explain the meaning of the given expressions:
to meet with an accident, imperturbably, wonder-working, overwhelming, till doomsday, to deny oneself smth, skepticism, absurd fashion,
disconsolate, dawning, to get some (give somebody) credit, to be in a
whirl
4. Make up situations, using one of the given expressions:
till doomsday, to deny oneself smth, the dawning of a wonderful idea,
to find oneself on a forbidden ground, to have a skeleton in one’s closet, to
change one’s mind
40
5. Fill in the boxes of the table with adjectival derivatives –
positive (+) and negative ( – ):
Table VI
Noun
remorse
gratitude
fear
patience
consolation
comfort
Adjective
+
–
Noun
Adjective
+
–
conciliation
hospitality
explication
success
reward
hope
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
BODY
have one’s hands full
keep one’s nose clean
lend someone a hand
pick somebody’s brain
pull someone’s leg
IDIOMS
= be very busy
= stay out of
trouble
= help someone
= borrow ideas
= play a joke by
 apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book
 compose short stories implying the sense of these idioms to let
the class guess what idiom is meant
Focus on the text
1. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the expressions given below are
To render direct speech indirectly
used:
make use of introductory words,
stating the kind of action the interlocutors perform by uttering their
 meet with an accident
sentences. They may be
 wonder-working tonic
- asking for permission
 till doomsday
- trying to persuade smb. or explain
 to get the prescription filled
smth.
- letting other people do smth.
- inquiring
- arguing
- apologizing
- disagreeing
41
ings:
2. Chapter XIV may be split into four parts with the following head



Pollyanna discussing the appropriateness of the Glad Game
Pollyanna inventing a new way of helping Jimmy Bean
Pollyanna bringing forth the idea of feeding up Mr. Pendleton
Miss Polly consenting to Pollyanna’s appeal
Comment on these situations, paying special attention to
 maturation of Pollyanna’s reasoning
 Pollyanna’s resourcefulness
 Pollyanna’s persuasiveness and her aunt’s intractability
 the motivation of Miss Polly’s final approval of Pollyanna’s plan
3. Chapter XV also comprises several episodes. Frame these episodes:





4. Single out and discuss the messages of these episodes:





5. Give a summary of chapter XVI
As distinct from a précis (which is a brief rendering of the text, that
summarizes its contents in such a way that gives the producer an opportunity to quickly introduce the readers or listeners into the situation and
acquaint them with a large body of the story), as well as from an outline
(which clearly reveals a logical, sequential, temporal or hierarchical structure of the text) a summary is the type of short retelling in which one may
give examples, use quotations, draw comparisons and express opinions.
It is advisable that only the most important points of the text should be
covered so that they make a string of landmarks and details skipped.
A précis differs from an outline in being a logical arrangement of complete
and interconnected statements.
42
UNIT 9
chapters 17, 18, 19
Vocabulary revision
1. Read words and collocations and translate them into Russian:
remorseful memories, to shift impatiently from one foot to the other,
an extensive personal acquaintance, overwhelming unquenchable gladness
for everything, to find oneself on a forbidden ground, the dawning of a
wonderful idea, under somebody’s instruction, to raise money, in a dumbfounded amazement, with a peremptory gesture of silence, to be in a whirl,
to pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly, to get (a bit of / some) credit, a (welcome) substitution for, a sumptuously furnished (bed)room, with a gasp of
dismay, to overcome smb., a companion of one’s own age, to misunderstand (smth., smb.) entirely, as a matter of course (fact)
2. Give the English for the following Russian words and wordcombinations:
в назначенном месте, не важно (независимо от того), что / как,
небольшая задержка, невозмутимо, до Судного дня, смотреть на что-то
с определенной позиции (точки зрения), по причине, отказывать себе в
чем-то, высказать прямо, в абсурдной манере, выполнять предписание,
как само собой разумеющееся, безутешный (печальный, несчастный),
предстать перед (противостоять кому-либо) безбоязненно, знать по
опыту, изложить причину (мотив, оправдание, основания), несмотря на
разочарование, оказаться в запретной зоне (на запретной территории),
чувство опустошенности, изложить существо вопроса кому –либо, доставить сообщение, украшенный (нарядный), открытый скептицизм,
попасть в аварию (несчастный случай), забыть о своем твердом намерении, чудодействующее тонизирующее средство, достичь цели
3. Give the English for the words listed below and spell them:
ошеломленный, безутешный, несмотря на, без колебаний, безапелляционный, опустошенность, опыт, замена, сожалеющий (полный
раскаяния), несчастный случай, невозмутимо, неугасимый, роскошный,
скептицизм, волнение, предписание
43
4. write a Quiz
Translate the word-combinations into English:
1. Как само собой разумеющееся
2. Задохнувшись от смятения
3. В ошеломляющем удивлении
4. Безутешный
5. Предстать перед кем-либо безбоязненно
6. Безапелляционный жест
7. Чувство опустошенности
8. Оказаться в запретной зоне
9. Знать по опыту
10. Несмотря на разочарование
11. Воспоминания, полные раскаяния
12. Небольшая задержка
13. Невозмутимо, преспокойно
14. Чудодействующее тонизирующее средство
15. По причине
16. Отказывать себе в чем-то
17. Забыть о своем твердом намерении
18. Украшенный, нарядный
19. Выполнять предписание
20. Обдумывать (взвешивать) минуту
5. Give the three forms of the verbs:
оставлять, покидать
забывать
поймать
пить
рисовать, чертить
трясти
закрыть
разбить
запрещать
терять
прятать
разразиться,
взорваться
подняться
расти
вести машину
The Infinitive
44
Table VII
The Past Simple Participle II
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following Russian words and wordcombinations:
прощающий человек, неблагодарное отношение, иногда (редко),
утонченный, нервная раздражительность, трепетный (благоговейный)
голос, поглядеть презрительно, возбужденно настаивать, казаться недоверчивым, непрошенные (нежеланные) домочадцы, перевести разговор на другой объект, семейный доктор, быть не в духе (не в ладах
с…), обслуживать, предварительные экзамены, быть хорошо развитым,
признаваться, дремать, продвинуться дальше введения, слабое сомнение, передозировать, раздражаться (роптать) по поводу правил и предписаний, принести счастье в чью-то жизнь, мерцать
2. Define the notions expressed by the following word combinations:
a family physician, to be out of sorts with, preliminary examinations,
to be well advanced, once in a while, to turn the conversation to another
subject, to confess
3. Say in what situations we may assess a person’s reaction or
behavior as:
ungrateful, nervous, awestruck, scornful, fretful, incredulous, forgiving, exquisite
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
 The following collocations – nervous fretfulness, awestruck voice,
lonely life, fascinated eyes – used by the authoress, exemplify enallage.
Enallage [ɪˈnæləɡɪ] (эналага) is a figure of speech, the type of metonymy, consisting in the transfer of an attribute or an epithet from one word
to another through association by contiguity with the function of emphasizing the described phenomenon.
 Her rapt eyes were still on the dancing flecks of color from the
prism pendants swaying in the sunlit window. <…> For a moment there
was silence. Then a low voice from the bed said unsteadily: ‘Perhaps; but
I’m thinking that the very finest prism of them all is yourself, Pollyanna.’
“a low voice said” is a (trite) metonymy, a figure of speech that consists
of the use of the name of one object for that of another to which it is related (“trite” means lacking originality or borrowed, not coined on an immediate impulse.)
“”the very finest prism is yourself” is a metaphor, a figure of speech in
which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common.
45
Grammar consolidation
Types of questions
(to do the tasks turn to the Basic Grammar Reference)
1. Put general questions to the following sentences:
1. Nancy was listening to Pollyanna’s story of Mr. Pendleton’s accident
open-mouthed. 2. Pollyanna had to unlock Mr. Pendleton’s house and telephone for the men and the doctor. 3. Pollyanna wanted to take some jelly
to Mr. Pendleton instead of Mrs. Snow. 4. An elderly woman was hanging
out clothes in the back yard of Mr. Pendleton’s house. 5. Pollyanna went to
the side door and rang the bell. 6. A familiar-looking small dog bounded up
the steps to greet her. 7. The doctor, coming into the hall at that moment,
heard the woman’s words and saw the disappointed look on Pollyanna’s
face. 8. Behind the doctor, a young man (a trained nurse from the nearest
city) gave a disturbed exclamation. 8. In accordance with the doctor’s orders Pollyanna was being escorted to John Pendleton’s rooms. 9. Pollyanna
saw at once that great changes had taken place. 10. A moment later Pollyanna found herself in a sumptuously furnished bedroom.
2. Turn the following sentences into disjunctive questions:
1. Pollyanna spent a wonderful half-hour with Mr. Pendleton
……………….? 2. The box was full of treasures ……………? 3. John Pendleton
told her an entertaining story about a set of exquisitely carved chessmen
from China…………? 4. The visit, certainly, was a delightful one……………..? 5.
Pollyanna was realizing that they were talking about something besides the
wonderful things in the beautiful carved box…………..? 6. They were talking
of herself, of Nancy, of Aunt Polly, and of her daily life ……………..? 7. John
Pendleton wanted Pollyanna to come to see him more often……………? 8.
After supper that evening, Pollyanna told Nancy all about Mr. John Pendleton’s wonderful carved box, and the still more wonderful things it contained……………...? 9. As the warm August days passed, Pollyanna went very
frequently to the great house on Pendleton Hill…………? 10. She had twice
tried to tell Mr. Pendleton about the good game ……………….? 11. But neither
time had she got beyond the beginning of what her father had said
…………..?
Focus on the text
1. Define the following statements as right or wrong and
explain your reasons:
Chart 2
The statement
1
Mr. Pendleton often sent for Pollyanna when he
was bedridden. He seemed to need her, though
when she came he showed neither happiness no
gratitude.
46
Right
(+)
Wrong
(-)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
one.
To improve the situation Pollyanna immediately
started to teach the bedridden man to play the
“glad game” at which he excelled very fast.
Mr. Pendleton always welcomed Pollyanna’s
stories about her Aunt Polly thus admitting he
liked the lady and the memories of her were
dear to him.
When one day Pollyanna fell ill she came to
know that their family physician was not Dr.
Chilton. She also became aware that Aunt Polly
did not welcome any reference to that man.
There is no denying though that Pollyanna had a
very good influence on Mr. Pendleton. Even
when he was out of sorts with the world she
managed to cheer him up and encourage him to
change his pessimistic views.
Pollyanna was a mischievous child. She liked to
finger the antique objects in Mr. Pendleton’s
house and once she broke a wonderful candlestick with crystal pendants.
On one occasion Pollyanna told Mr. Pendleton
about her game. Her inspiration to do so came
with the shimmering lights from the swinging
prisms that gave a rainbow hues in the sun.
Mr. Pendleton was so eager to please Pollyanna
that he did not spare the most precious belongings of his.
2. Develop the following sentences into situations:
 For Pollyanna this visit to Mr. Pendleton was certainly a delightful
 After supper that evening, Pollyanna told Nancy all about Mr. John
Pendleton’s wonderful carved box, and the still more wonderful things it
contained.
 It was after Mr. Pendleton found out Pollyanna was Miss Polly’s
niece that he said he didn’t ever want to see her again.
 Most probably Pollyanna reminded Mr. Pendleton of something he
wanted to forget.
3. Complete the sentences:
1. As the warm August days passed, Pollyanna…
2. He talked to her and he showed her many strange and beautiful
things…
3. As for telling him the ‘glad game,’ and trying to get him to play it,
Pollyanna ..
4. She talked to Mr. Pendleton about her aunt…
5. Aunt Polly seemed particularly bitter against Dr. Chilton….
47
6. It was toward the end of August that Pollyanna, making an early
morning call on John Pendleton….
7. Suddenly a new thought came to John Pendleton…
8. The room had become a fairyland …
9. Pollyanna told Mr. Pendleton the story of how she had wanted a
doll…
4. Bring all of the sentences you’ve got together and link the sentences with special connectors (so, as a result of it, in the long run,
finally, that is why, most probably) to make a coherent retelling of chapter
XVIII.
5. Answer the following disjunctive questions:
1. Pollyanna was not very busy at school and could still pay much attention to her friends, couldn’t she? 2. One day Mr. Pendleton proposed
that Pollyanna should move to his house instead of living at Aunt Polly’s,
didn’t he? 3. At first Pollyanna didn’t agree to this proposal, did she?
4.Then she attributed Mr. Pendleton’s desire to his long cherished love of
Aunt Polly, didn’t she? 5.So she was glad they both would join Mr. Pendleton, wasn’t she? 6. There were few things to discuss about the proposal,
were there? 7. But Mr. Pendleton had no intention to invite Polly Harrington
and make him company in his house, did he? 8. Pollyanna could not figure
out what it all might mean, could she? 9. When D. Chilton came to visit his
patient he could hardly guess what made Mr. Pendleton’s heart beat so
wildly, could he? 10. Mr. Pendleton confessed it was because of Pollyanna,
didn’t he?
48
UNIT 10
chapters 20, 21, 22
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the Russian for the following English words and collocations:
a special request, sudden decision, to get everything settled, to puzzle out, an ungratified wish, to lose one’s patience, a very dutiful woman,
with a clean conscience, to put one’s fingers on, a faithful dog, inaudible, to
brace oneself, to make the exchange, to touch smb’s heart, in tumult,
wagging tongues, the last straw, conscientious workers, to be acutely
aware of, a hypocrite, a bitter denunciation, plague, listlessly, encouragement, contagious
2. Answer the questions and give your arguments:
1. In what cases may a person lose patience? Is it the result of a reasonable thinking or rather an emotional reaction? Is it excusable? 2.
Whom can we call a dutiful person? Is this trait of character inborn or may
it be developed in a person by way of upbringing? What happens when it is
brought to excess? 3. In what situations a person may need to brace oneself? Is this an easy action? What should one do to control one’s attitude to
the happenings? 4. What may touch a person’s heart? Is this notion of a
sentimental value? Is it necessarily a positive event or may it also be negative? If it happens so, what response may there be? 5. When do we say
“the last straw breaks the camel’s back”? Does it mean that the event is
too much for a person’s endurance? Who then is responsible for the situation’s occurrence: a person oneself, when one bites off more than one can
chew, or the circumstances in which a person happens to find oneself? 6.
Do you think people need encouragement? Is encouragement a better
stimulus than reproach? 7. Who, when and why do we call faithful? Who or
what may a person be faithful to? Is faithfulness a virtue, a necessary quality in friendship and deals, a useless sentiment? 8. Do you think that wagging (“wagging tongues”) is just annoying or is it a dishonourable conduct?
49
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
BODY IDIOMS
have a finger in every pie = interfere in all
activities
not lift a finger
= make no efforts
all fingers thumbs
= a clumsy person
hold one’s tongue
= say nothing
tongues are wagging = spread rumours
on the tip of one’s tongue = have difficulty in
expressing something one knows well
apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book
 compose short stories implying the sense of these
idioms to let the class guess what idiom is meant
Focus on the text
3. Agree or disagree with the statements given below. Supply
supporting arguments.
Introduce your own statements expressing consent or the difference of
opinion using special clichés: I don’t think that…, It doesn’t seem true to
affirm that…, I’ve got a different idea about…, Frankly speaking, I don’t
share the opinion that…, the statement doesn’t seem to reveal the true
situation… OR This is really so…, I am totally on your side…, That’s what it
seems to be…, Apparently, this is right…
1. It seems that at her age Pollyanna should have grown out of that
childish naïvety of hers. In some situations the girl is too imposing with her
“glad game” and may annoy people.
2. Anyway, she gradually starts realizing that there are cases in
which one cannot offer a person to find good about absolutely anything.
3. Pollyanna’s curiosity sometimes brought her to awkward situations.
4. Her mind is undoubtedly analytical, and her wrong guesses about
people’s relations may be ascribes to age-specific understanding and lack
of life experience.
5. There are numerous examples showing that when facing the problem of choice Pollyanna is unhesitant in her decisions.
6. Irritability and impatience were utterly contrary to Pollyanna’s nature. She intuitively knew how to find her way with people. That is why
many of those who knew her loved her.
7. Since Pollyanna’s arrival her relations with Aunt Polly haven’t
changed to the better. Miss Harrington remained stern and distant, which
made Pollyanna think of accepting John Pendleton’s proposal.
50
8. Pollyanna’s desire to help Jimmy was granted. Finally there turned
out many people who wanted to adopt the boy. And John Pendleton felt
discouraged on learning that he was outstipped.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reproduce situations:
Dr. Chilton giving Pollyanna a lift to the Harrington Estate
John Pendleton’s proposal
Pollyanna’s refusal and a return offer
Pollyanna’s encounter with Paul Ford
5. Comment on the change in Miss Polly and Pollyanna’s relations
6. Discuss the following statement:
“Men and women need encouragement. Their natural resisting powers
should be strengthened not weakened… Instead of always harping on a
man’s faults, tell him of his virtues. <…> Hold up to him his better self, his
real self so that he can dare and do and win out”.
51
UNIT 11
General
revision
Vocabulary revision
1. Translate the given words and word combinations into English (to be done on cards)
№1
*требовать объяснения
*смелые попытки
*особая награда за заслуги
*работать ловко, проворно
*иметь секреты
*достичь цели
*абсолютно неправильно понять
*до Судного дня
*семейный доктор
*всепоглащающая, неугасимая
радость всему
№2
*требовать внимания
*обнять восторженно
*очевидное нежелание
*найти возможность сделать
что-либо
*быть благодарным
*изложить причину
*небольшая задержка
*выполнять предписание
*признаваться
*волнующая странная радость
№3
*неприятный сюрприз
*обнять нежно
*волнующий опыт
*говорить серьезно
*торопливое примирение
*знать по опыту
*не важно, что
*в абсурдной манере
*непрошенные домочадцы
*смотреть на что-то с определенной позиции
to ask for explanation
brave attempts
a special reward of merit
to work deftly
to have a skeleton in one’s closet
to gain the point
to misunderstand entirely
till doomsday
a family physician
overwhelming unquenchable gladness for everything
to ask for attention
to give a rapturous hug
visible reluctance
to find occasion to do smth.
to be grateful
to give a reason (reasons) for
a slight delay
to get the prescription filled
to confess
an odd throb of joy
an unpleasant surprise
to give an affectionate hug
an exciting experience
to be in earnest
hasty conciliation
to know by experience
no matter what
(in) absurd fashion
unwelcome members of the
household
to look at smth from a certain
standpoint
52
№4
*выражение протеста
*рассчитывать на
*подталкиваемый непреодолимой
силой
*не иметь разницы (значения)
*искать
*быть в смятении
*открытый скептицизм
*смотреть на что-то с определенной точки зрения
*раздражаться, роптать по поводу
правил и предписаний
* по причине
№5
*обладать сильным характером
*торжествовать
*проявление сильного воодушевления
*абсурдный, нелепый
*найти время для удовольствий
*озарение прекрасной идеей
*невозмутимо
*быть не в духе, не в ладах с
*передозировать
* светящееся от волнения и удивления
№6
*исполнять обязанности
*научиться быть пунктуальным
*затаить дыхание
*нести свой крест
*неблагодарное отношение
*предварительные экзамены
*перевести разговор на другую
тему
*обвинять кого-либо
*поглядеть насмешливо
*украшенный, нарядный
№7
* преданный слуга
*поддерживать с энтузиазмом
*давать приятное ощущение
*в соответствии с указаниями
*оказаться в запретной зоне
*доставить сообщение
*отказывать себе в чем-то
remonstrance
to count on
impelled by irresistible force
to make no difference
to look for
to be in a whirl
open skepticism
to look at smth from a certain
standpoint
to chafe under the rules and regulations
on account of
to have sufficient strength of character
to exult triumphantly
a burst of eager enthusiasm
preposterous
to find time to enjoy things
the dawning of a wonderful idea
imperturbably
to be out of sorts with
to overdose
alight with excitement and surprise
to perform one’s duty
to learn to be punctual
to catch one’s breath
to take one’s cross
an ungrateful treatment
preliminary examinations
to turn the conversation to another
subject
to blame smb
to give smb. a scornful glance
bedecked
loyal servant
to maintain enthusiastically
to give a pleasant sensation
in accordance with orders
to find oneself on a forbidden
ground
to deliver a message
53
*украшенный, нарядный
*иногда, редко
*выразить глубокое разочарование
№8
*найти возможность
*смотреть во все стороны
*с одинаковой стремительностью
*уладить дела
*предсказывать, пророчить
*как само собой разумеющееся
* высказать прямо
*обдумывать недолго
*легкое сомнение
*принести счастье в чью-то жизнь
№9
*сострадание
*переживать последствия
*делать что-то бездумно
*замешательство
*получить доверие
*несмотря на разочарование
*безапелляционный жест
*забыть о твердом намерении
*человек, который прощает
*трепетный, благоговейный голос
№ 10
*гордиться чем-либо
*очевидное напряжение тщеславия
*попросту говоря
*передумать
*чувство опустошенности
*по причине
*выразить глубокое разочарование
*странная волнующая радость
*принести счастье в чью-то жизнь
*возбужденно настаивать
№ 11
*укрепить самообладание
*весело пообещать
*дерзкий
*выглядеть одиноким
*гостеприимство дома
54
to deny oneself smth
bedecked
once in a while
to show keen disappointment
to find an opportunity
to look in all directions
with equal precipitation
to settle the things
to prophesy
as a matter of course (fact)
to tell smb. outright
to consider smth for a moment
a faint doubt
to bring happiness into somebody’s life
aching sympathy
to suffer the consequences
to do smth without thinking
bewilderment
to get credit
notwithstanding the disappointment
a peremptory gesture
to forget one’s determination a
forgiving person
an awestruck voice
to pride oneself on smth
evident strain of vanity
in plain words
to change one’s mind
a sense of desolation
on account of
to show keen disappointment
an odd throb of joy
to bring happiness into somebody’s life
to urge excitedly
to add to one’s composure
to promise cheerfully
impertinent
to look lonesome
the hospitality of the place
*безутешный
*длительное личное знакомство
*роскошно обставленная комната
*быть хорошо развитым
* поглядеть насмешливо
№ 12
*удостовериться
*с искренним удивлением
*разнородные предметы
*абсолютно изнуренный
*неожиданная смена темы
*под чьим-либо руководством
*приятель своего возраста
*попасть в аварию
*утонченный
*продвинуться дальше введения
№ 13
*быть в наилучших отношениях
*слушать сосредоточенно
*восхитительный разговор
*время отдыха
*необъяснимая причина
*в ошеломляющем потрясении
*в назначенном месте
*чудодействующее тонизирующее
средство
*обслуживать, прислуживать
* нервная раздражительность
№ 14
*приготовить хорошую встречу
*иметь удовольствие
*делать по очереди
*привести в порядок
*неизбежный, неминуемый
*риск
*последовательный опрос
*охватить
*воспоминания, полные раскаяния
*казаться недоверчивым
* раздражаться, роптать по поводу правил и предписаний
disconsolate
an extensive personal acquaintance
a sumptuously furnished room
to be well advanced
to give smb. a scornful glance
to make sure
in frank wonder
conglomerate garments
wholly exhausted
an abrupt change of subject
under somebody’s instruction
a companion of one’s own age
to meet with an accident
exquisite
to get beyond the beginning
to be on the best of terms
to listen intently
a delightful talk
leisure time
inexplicable reason
in a dumbfounded amazement
at the appointed place
a wonder-working tonic
to wait on smb.
nervous fretfulness
to prepare a welcome for to have
the pleasure of
to take turns
to settle into order
imminent risk
systemic questioning
to overcome smb.
remorseful memories
to look incredulous
to chafe under the rules and regulations
2. Exchange your cards in a clockwise order. Choose four expressions out of ten given on the card and make up situations to relay
one episode from the novel
55
3. Exchange your cards again. Choose one expression. Make
up a very short situation so as to make your group-mates guess the
expression you have meant to use.
4. Give expressions synonymous to the following:
*to reach one’s aim
*to be by oneself
*to do smth by obligation
*to see no way
*to be very friendly
Chart 3
*against one’s wish
*impertinent
*pleasant conversation
*random inquiry
*to bring to order
5. Express in one word:
Chart 4
*richly decorated
*persistent in achieving something
*engulfing and keeping under the spell
*performing/creating a miracle
*questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or opinions
*remaining calm, even in disturbing or dangerous situations
*feeling very guilty and sorry about having done wrong
*wildly unreasonable, illogical, and inappropriate
*the feeling of sadness or displeasure caused by the nonfulfillment of one's hopes or expectations
* something that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally,
typically resulting in damage or injury
6. Supply the missing derivatives and grammatical forms:
Table VIII
Noun
satisfaction
Verb
Adjective
believe
Adverb
suspiciously
breathless
expect
comfortably
considering
triumph
56
Participle II
exhausted
overwhelming
visible
attraction
Participle I
Focus on the text
1. Enumerate the plot building events
Remember that all the points should be written in one style (Either in complete sentences, or in nominative phrases. For example:
1. Pollyanna’s appearance in Beldingsville
2. Pollyanna’s adaptation to the new environment
or
1. Coming to the Harrington Estate
2. Getting acquainted with the neighborhood
or
1. Polly Harrington takes care of the orphaned niece
2. Pollyanna is enchanted with the surroundings




2. Develop the formulated points into a more detailed outline
The unwinding of the main points of the text will lead to creating its outline.
An outline presents a picture of the main ideas and the subsidiary ideas of a
text or a topic. It shows the order of the various events, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.
There exist several ways to arrange different parts of text outlining. It may
be a chronological arrangement or a spatial arrangement. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific.
When writing an outline bear in mind
• to concentrate on the basic themes
• to be straightforward
• to eliminate irrelevant information
• to choose concise words to trigger the concept
Please, follow the pattern and use the given example :
1.
Pollyanna’s appearance in Beldingsville
1.1. The delivery of the letter
1.2. Preparations for the girl’s arrival
1.3. The journey to the station
1.4. Pollyanna’s expectations and the reality
An outline is a good way to organize thoughts.
2.____________________
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4
3.____________________
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
57
Joint project work
Join in pairs. Choose the event marking the turning point in plot
development
The development of the story relayed by E.H. Porter is very even and calm.
Yet as in every literary work, as well as in true life there are culminations,
which expose the most important happenings, that are apt to change the
established order of things.
Explain why you consider it significant.
3. Comment on the following statements:
 Instead of always harping on a man’s faults, tell him of his virtues
 The influence of a beautiful, helpful, hopeful character is contagious
58
UNIT 12
chapters 23, 24
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following Russian words and wordcombinations:
по чьей-то просьбе, улыбнуться печально, весьма слабое оправдание, неестественный (вынужденный), несомненно лестный акцент, незначительные последствия (результат), чужие тревоги, прийти в сознание, безрезультатная попытка, под благословенным воздействием, бесцельно, заразное заболевание, бесполезное занятие, рассуждать здраво, причинять беспокойство, закрыться как устрица (замкнуться в себе), ненамеренный (непроизвольный), на безопасном расстоянии, быть
отчужденно спокойным (хладнокровным), сделать кого-либо своим
наследником
2. Fill in the blank boxes with the necessary word-derivatives:
Table IX
Noun
emphasis
Verb
Adjective
personal
Adverb
influence
trouble
Participle II
flattering
apologize
recover
Participle I
unmistakable
sadly
constrained
Safe
3. When do we say that:
a person has made an ineffectual attempt, somebody is making an
unmistakable flattering attempt, words sound as a pretty poor apology, the
happenings are of slight consequence, a person is doing something in an
aimless fashion, the whole affair is a wild-goose chasing, a person shuts up
like an oyster, somebody is making trouble?
4. Make up situations using the following expressions:
Under the blessed influence, to talk plain horse sense, to be impersonally cool, at somebody’s request, at a safe distance, other people’s
troubles, to be of slight consequence, to be impersonally cool
59
5. Explain the psychological aspect of the following states:
troublemaking, wild-goose chasing, doing things in aimless fashion,
shutting like an oyster, getting under somebody’s influence, being constrained
Vocabulary extension: Learning word-mapping
*a word map is a combinability scheme which represents words and
expressions arranged around a central key word
*A semantic map shows the relationships among a set of connected concepts and ideas. It is a graphical "map" of how one views a particular topic. The ideas most central to a concept are displayed closest to
the main topic and details and linkages are formed to display the depth,
breadth, and interconnectedness within the concept.
Map pattern for the word “cool”
 follow the given example and make combinability maps of the
words ENTHUSIASM, ENCOURAGEMENT, PATIENCE, HAPPINESS, RULE,
ORDER supplying verbs and adjectives that may collocate with these nouns
60
Focus on the text
1. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the following expressions are used:
 pretty poor apology
 to be of slight consequence
 under the blessed influence
 in an aimless fashion
 to shut like an oyster
2. Comment on the following statement:
Don’t let other people’s troubles worry your head
3. Answer the questions:
1. Pollyanna often asked people very personal questions. Could they
be attributed to a mere childish innocence or to the lack of a proper upbringing? 2. Why do you think people don’t get annoyed at her questioning? Is it because they make allowances for her age oк because the girl has
brought a breath of new current into their lives? 3. What suppositions can
be made as to the car accident and its consequences? Was the girl’s state
just the result of a shock, concussion or do you think the injuries were hard
and needed a serious treatment? 4. How can you account for Pollyanna’s
own attitude to the situation and her state? Was it the outcome of a customary “glad game” a brave attempt to console herself, or the cherished
hopes of a quick recovery? 5. How did the accident change Miss Polly’s
mode of life and thinking?
4. Discuss the following aspects of Mr. Pendleton’s decision to
make Pollyanna his heiress (team work):
 Mr. Pendleton’s motifs and interest
 Pollyanna’s gains and losses
 Miss Polly’s inward state change and a drastic outlook revision
61
UNIT 13
chapters 25, 26, 27
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Read the words after the teacher:
request, special, patience, conscience, faithful, truthful, confusion,
conscientious, denunciation, plague, acutely, confusion, verdict, question,
gesture, despair, control, experience, extraordinary, embarrass
2. Give the English for the following Russian words:
решительность
неизбежный
явное удивление
дни ожидания
достоинство
правдивость
смятение
приговор
бесчисленные
подражание
отчаянный
неординарный
оплакивать
правдивость
провозглашать
самообладание
смущающий
возможность
очевидный
несмотря на
3.
Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions:
dignity, unavoidable, imitation, innumerable, perturbation, verdict, to
be out of the question, an extraordinary opportunity, to bemoan, to lose
self-control, to give all the world for
4.











Give synonyms for the following expressions:
postponement that cannot be evaded
copying somebody / something very close to the original
obvious astonishment
to be ruled out
a person one feels compassion for
notwithstanding
to fall out of self-possession
an exceptional chance
to say directly
to puzzle somebody with inquiries
to make somebody display initiative
62
5.





Say whether (if):
there is anything worth giving the whole world for
it is easy to lose self-control in a difficult situation
it is easy to regain self-control in all situations
extraordinary opportunities occur often
you are able to stir people to action
6. Give the three forms of the verbs:
выбирать
ломать
падать
прощать
трясти
толкать, заталкивать
показать
расти
предвидеть
обижать, причинять
боль
бросать
терять
дарить, поразить
Infinitive
Past Simple
Table X
Participle II
7. Render the passage given below in English:
Make use of the following expressions: to fall silent / quiet – замолкать, to get tired – уставать, to grow irritated / impatient – становиться
раздраженным, to strike one (it strikes me that…) – приходить в голову,
to go weak – слабеть, to get better – выздоравливать (становиться лучше), keep to bed – оставаться в постели, shake head – покачать
головой, turn desperate – отчаяться, to grow suspicious – заподозрить
(начать подозревать)
Дни шли, а Поллианне не становилось лучше. Она по-прежнему
оставалась в постели. Правда, она не отчаивалась, полагая, что скоро
выздоровеет и сможет пойти в школу. Тогда мисс Полли пришла идея
пригласить для консультации другого врача. Когда она начала этот
разговор, Поллианна подумала, что тетя Полли имеет в виду доктора
Чилтона. Но она ошиблась. Казалось, что даже упоминание имени доктора Чилтона причиняло боль мисс Хэррингтон. Она становилась раздражительной и молчаливой. И в этот раз она лишь покачала головой.
63
Vocabulary extension: figurative language
COLOUR IDIOMS
feel blue
= to be very sad
out of the blue = unexpectedly
a black day
= an unhappy day
in a black mood = depressed
white lie
= a lie to protect another person’s
feelings
wave a white flag = to surrender
 apply these idioms to appropriate situations from the book
 match the idioms with definitions
1
2
3
4
5
6
every cloud has a silver lining
golden opportunity
in the pink of health
silver-tongued
see the world through rosecoloured glasses
roll out the red carpet
A
in excellent physical condition
B
C
D
E
speaking very convincingly an
occasion to improve the situation
give a big welcome
pleasant side-effects of an unpleasant situation
see only good things
F
 think of the possible ways to improve the situation, use these idioms when formulating them
Grammar Consolidation
Types of Questions
1. Put disjunctive questions to the following sentences:
1. Miss Polly did not rise to meet her niece,……………..? 2. The barrels
haven’t had many clothes for little girls in them lately,……………? 3. Miss
Polly did not care
to listen to Pollyanna’ stories about her father,
……………..? 4. Miss Polly told Timothy to take Pollyanna’s bags to the attic
room, ……………? 5. Miss Polly was glad, that she had put the child in the
attic room,…………………..? 6. She thought it good that the girl’s room was
plain and sensible,……………….? 7. Nancy found Pollyanna in her room a few
minutes later, ……………….? 8. The girl was crying, ………………? 9. They
unpacked the bags, ……………? 10. There were few dresses in the bag
…………………? 11. They were pitifully unattractive, ……………...? 12. Pollyanna
and Nancy will soon make friends ……………? 13. The gardener will tell Nancy Miss Polly’s story,………..? 14. Pollyanna will frighten everyone, walking
64
on the roof of at night, …………….? 15. Nobody had expected Pollyanna to
make friends with Mr. Pendleton, ………………?
Types of Predicates
2. Translate the following sentences:
1. Когда Мисс Полли получила письмо, она была удивлена. 2. Она
знала, что у нее есть племянница. 3. Она предполагала, что девочке
одиннадцать лет. 4. Но она не ожидала, что девочка будет с ней жить. 5.
Нэнси встретила Поллианну на вокзале. 6. Девочка была светловолосая.
7. На ней было простенькое платьице в клеточку. 8. Вообще Поллианна
очень общительная. 9. Она открытая и добросердечная девочка. 10. Она
любит гулять, знакомиться с людьми. 11. Она всегда готова всем помочь.
12. Однажды она принесла в дом котенка. 13. Потом привела в дом
мальчика. 14. Она думала, что тетя Полли разрешит Джимми жить с ними. 15. Поллианна решила обратиться в благотворительное общество,
когда тетя Полли отказалась оставить Джимми в доме.
3. Find and underline the predicate in the sentences.
1. Miss Polly was quite alone in the world. 2. She knew her duty. 3.
And she had sufficient strength of character to perform it. 4. Miss Jenny
was an angel. 5. Tom was a loyal servant. 6. He was taking care of the
garden. 7. He was proud of his work. 8. He told Nancy Miss Polly’s love
story. 10. On the way to Miss Polly’s house Pollyanna had kept an uninterrupted stream of comments and questions. 11. She asked questions about
her aunt, her house and the city. 12. Miss Polly lived in a lovely big and
rich house. 13. Pollyanna was glad she would stay with Miss Polly. 14. Miss
Polly was reading a book when Pollyanna entered the room. 15. Pollyanna
had fairly flown across the room and flung herself into he aunt’s lap.
Task 3. State the type of the predicate (simple or compound nominal) and the tense form of the verb (notional or auxiliary) in each sentence above.
Character study
Three doctors are involved in the plot development: Dr. Chilton, Dr.
Warren and Dr. Mead. Comment on:
 reasons that bring them to the scene
 the ways and situations in which they are introduced
 relations with people they come into contact with
 the impression they produce
Focus on the text
1. Answer the questions:
1. Why did Miss Polly decide to invite another specialist for a consultation on Pollyanna’s case?
2. Who of the doctors did Pollyanna rely on?
3. Why was the new doctor’s visit delayed?
4. Was Dr. Mead’s supposition of Pollyanna’s recovery very optimistic?
65
5. What was Dr. Mead’s verdict?
6. How did Pollyanna learn it?
7. What was her first reaction to this news?
8. Had she been more hopeful in planning her future life before she
learned it?
9. What was most distressing for Pollyanna in this situation?
10. Did the news of Dr. Mead’s diagnosis spread fast?
11. What was the citizens’ reaction to this news?
12. What surprised Miss Polly in the citizens’ behavior and attitude to
her niece?
13. How did Polly Harrington try to make her niece’s life pleasanter?
14. Did the medicine prescribed by Dr. Mead give the expected results?
2. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the following expressions are used:
with a touch of stern decision, days of waiting, with her usual truthfulness, in spite of perturbation, to be out of the question, an extraordinary
opportunity, poor little lamb, to proclaim the goodness of everyday experience, to stir somebody to action, to lose self-control, give all the world for
3. Comment on the following statements:
 It’s easy to tell people how to be glad but it is not the same thing
when you are in an identical situation yourself.
 Only a woman’s hand and heart or a child’s presence could make
a home.
Writing an essay
An essay is a piece of writing that analyses and evaluates the given issue.
Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get a student’s academic opinion on a certain theme or problem.
Structurally an essay usually falls into five parts (paragraphs), each having
a particular aim.
In the Introductory Paragraph the theme of the essay is introduced and
the basic statement of opinion is worded.
The First Supporting Paragraph is aimed at giving initial remarks which
prove the rightness of approach and the standpoint from which the theme
is viewed and revealed.
The Second Supporting Paragraph supplies examples and illustrations.
In the Third Supporting Paragraph it would be right to view the pros
and cons of the accepted approach.
Logically, the Final Paragraph should offer an argumentative conclusion.
66
The key structure components of an essay
Write a three hundred word essay on the following topic:
“Is proclaiming the gladness of everyday experience reasonable and
helpful in creating a positive outlook?”
67
UNIT 14
chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
Vocabulary acquisition
1. Give the English for the following Russian words and expressions:
наводить справки, разъяснять что-либо, нервозная разговорчивость, при условии, необычайная беседа, по разговорам, заходить (в
гости), плохо скрываемое упорство, предпринимать длительные оздоровительные прогулки, явное огорчение, с неожиданной горечью, получить развод, приводящие в замешательство визиты, напрягать нервы,
делать прогресс, начинать, быть бесспорным, обеспечивать, предписанное лечение, провести обследование, забыть о гордости, иметь серьезное значение, поддерживать контакты, быть обреченным на, рискнуть (затеять, начать)
2. Explain the following phenomena:
nervous volubility, ill-concealed determination, long walks for health,
disconcerting visits, making headway, making examination, swallowing
one’s pride, keeping in touch, sounding matter-of-fact
3. Give situations in which people may:
make inquiries, conceal determination, take walks for health, expose
obvious distress, get a divorce, strain nerves, make examination, swallow
pride
4. Give synonyms for the following words and expressions:
to want tо know and try to find out =
to explain =
in condition that =
to visit =
evident upset / grief =
to progress =
to sound indisputable =
to be very important =
to be unavoidable / inevitable =
to abase oneself / to turn humble =
5. Give antonyms for the following words and expressions:
to keep secret / to keep under one’s hat / to conceal -
68
a commonplace conversation to exposed unwillingness hidden satisfaction to get married –
to feel calm and comfortable –
to sound disputable –
to degrade –
to be of no value –
to stay dignified –
6.
Supply the missing derivatives:
Table XI
Verb
inquire
Noun
progress
Adverb
Participle I Participle II
distressful
pride
Lose
Adjective
Confusing
Prescribed
specially
poorly
Evaluated
Focus on the text
1. Write an outline of the events described in this part of the
book:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
More if any
2. Give a précis of the text under consideration
3. Recall and reproduce the exact situations in which the following expressions are used:
remarkable discourse, ill-concealed surprise, take long walks, get a
divorce, make headway, be matter-of-fact
69
Discussing the issues
When people face a problem to solve or have to make a decision, they often experience embarrassment and find it difficult to organize thoughts
because 1) emotional reactions to a situation may dominate, 2) there is
some uncertainty as to how to approach a problem and what to start
with, 3) the goals are numerous and the information to keep in mind is
voluminous which causes confusion. To help overcome these difficulties a
British scientist Edward de Bono invented a method which he described in
his book “Six Thinking Hats”. The hats are of different colours, each hat
(each colour) performs a special role, and is responsible for a special approach and hence a special way of thinking.
* The White Hat sets a person exposing the known facts only.
* The Red Hat governs emotions. In this case people are apt to
make guesses relying on their intuition and share emotions.
* The Yellow Hat determines only positive thinking, which means
one has to view all the advantages of the discussed matter.
* The Black Hat switches on critical thinking thus bringing forth all
the drawbacks and disadvantages of the issue.
* The Green Hat imparts one creative thinking. This is where new
(sometimes crazy) ideas are born and shared.
* The Blue Hat governs the whole process, starting it (setting
goals and ways to achieve them) and bringing it to a logical conclusion
(probably giving assessment recommendations).
This design is meant to help bring order to the process of thinking and
evade confusion.
4. The point to discuss is the “good game”
The mode of work:
1. split into two groups
2. choose a mediator
3. “try on” the hats in an established order and put down your judgments
4. formulate the conclusion
*** use the cited quotations as tips for the possible foci (focuses)
70
1) Pollyanna? The little girl who was so frickin’ positive about everything, she drove everyone crazy?
2) What if her attitude toward life was actually the most practical and
productive approach?
3) There are people who never see an opportunity without a problem.
Contrast them with the eternal optimist, Pollyanna, who never sees a
problem without an opportunity.
4) a Pollyanna type is an incredibly hopeful person, the incurable optimist
5) These days, “Pollyanna” is often used pejoratively, referring to
somebody whose optimism reflects naivete, ignorance or stubborn refusal to face the facts of a situation.
6) What's wrong with being a Pollyanna? Absolutely nothing, according
to the experts who say a positive mental attitude can benefit everyone
as we age – physically and emotionally.
71
UNIT 15
Joint project work and presentations
1. The Theme of an Orphan-child in





Mark Twain “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn”
Jean Webster “Daddy-long-legs”
Charlotte Bronte “Jane Eyre”
Charles Dickens “Oliver Twist”
Jane Porter “Pollyanna”
 Joanne Rowling the Harry Potter fantasy novels
2. The World Picture through Pollyanna’s Eyes




People
Relations
Situations
Dreams and desires
72
3.




The Glad Game as means of
adapting to life
evading the reality of life
creating another reality
making the reality
4. Positive thinking
73
UNIT 16
Open Discussion
THE ALPHABET OF HAPPINESS
Pollyanna may have been a very naïve girl, but her father was obviously a very wise man. He taught her to survive in a rigid and severe
world. As if able to foresee the hardships his dearest girl would have to
overcome he encouraged her to find the bright side of things no matter
what. We can’t but consent that quite often the girl used to bring it to the
extreme. But this only highlights the desire of a person, any person, to feel
happy. People may advocate various standards and requirements of happiness. It depends on a great many things, happenings and situations.
1. Look through the given “alphabet of happiness” and fill in the
empty boxes.
The Alphabet of Happiness
A – accept
B – break away
C – create
D – decide
E – explore
F – forgive
G – grow
H – hope
I – ignore
J – journey
K – know
Accept others for who they are and for the choices they
have made even if have difficulties understanding their
beliefs, motives and actions
Break away from everything that stands in the way of
what you hope to accomplish with your life
Explore and experiment. The world has much to offer,
and you have much to give. And every time you try
something new, you will learn more about yourself
Leave the childhood monsters behind. They can no
longer hurt you or stand in your way
Hope for the best and never forget that anything is possible as long as you remain dedicated to the task
Journey to new worlds, new possibilities, by remaining
open-minded. Try to learn something new every day
Know that no matter how bad things seem, they’ll always get better. The warmth of spring always follows
the harshest winter
74
L – love
M – manage
N – notice
O – open
P – play
Q – question
R – refuse
S – share
T – try
U – use
V - value
W - work
X – x-ray
Y – yield
Z – zoom
Let love fill your heart instead of hate. When hate is in
your heart there’s room for nothing else. When love is
in your heart, there’s room for endless happiness
Never forget to have fun along the way. Success means
nothing without happiness
Ask many questions, because you are here to learn
Try anyway, even if your dreams seem impossible to
realize. You’ll be amazed by what you can accomplish
Use your gifts to the best ability. Talent that is wasted
has no value. Talent that is used will bring unexpected
rewards
Work hard every day to be the best person you can be,
but never feel guilty if you fall short of your goals. Every sunrise offers a second chance
Look deep inside the hearts of those around you and
you’ll see the goodness and beauty within
Zoom to a happy place when bad memories or sorrow
rears its ugly head. Let nothing interfere with your
goals. Focus on your abilities, your dreams, and a
brighter tomorrow
2. Explain your choice of demands and your idea of happiness.
3. Compare the results you’ve got with those of your friends and
discuss them.
4. Choose other key words (A – assemble, E – expect, F – forget,
I – intend, R – remember, etc.) and disclose the idea behind the words.
5. Compare and comment on what you have got with what is offered by the man who has compiled it with the desire to share it and thus
perhaps help people to better understand themselves.
The Alphabet of Happiness
A – accept
B – break away
C – create
Accept others for who they are and for the choices they
have made even if have difficulties understanding their
beliefs, motives and actions
Break away from everything that stands in the way of
what you hope to accomplish with your life
Create a family of friends whom you can share your
hopes, dreams, and happiness with
75
D – decide
Decide that you will be successful and happy come
what may, and good things will find you. The roadblocks are only minor obstacles along the way
E – explore
Explore and experiment. The world has much to offer,
and you have much to give. And every time you try
something new, you will learn more about yourself
F – forgive
Forgive and forget. Grudges only weigh you down and
inspire unhappiness and grief. Soar above it, and remember that everyone makes mistakes
G – grow
Leave the childhood monsters behind. They can no
longer hurt you or stand in your way
H – hope
Hope for the best and never forget that anything is possible as long as you remain dedicated to the task
I – ignore
Ignore the negative voice inside your head
J – journey
Journey to new worlds, new possibilities, by remaining
open-minded. Try to learn something new every day
think of what one should ignore to be happy
K – know
Know that no matter how bad things seem, they’ll always get better. The warmth of spring always follows
the harshest winter
L – love
Let love fill your heart instead of hate. When hate is in
your heart there’s room for nothing else. When love is
in your heart, there’s room for endless happiness
M – manage
Manage your time and your expenses wisely, and you’ll
suffer less stress and worry. Then you’ll be able to focus on the important things in life
N – notice
Notice the poor, helpless, weak or suffering. Offer your
assistance, kindness and understanding
O – open
Open your eyes and take in all the beauty around you
P – play
Never forget to have fun along the way. Success means
nothing without happiness
Q – question
Ask many questions, because you are here to learn
R – refuse
Refuse to let worry and stress rule your life. Remember
that things always have a way of working out in the end
S – share
Share your talent, skills, knowledge and time with others. Everything that you invest in others will return to
you many times over
T – try
Try anyway, even if your dreams seem impossible to
realize. You’ll be amazed by what you can accomplish
U – use
Use your gifts to the best ability. Talent that is wasted
has no value. Talent that is used will bring unexpected
rewards
V – value
Value the friends and family members who have supported and encouraged you, and be there with them as
well
76
W – work
X – x-ray
Y – yield
Z – zoom
Work hard every day to be the best person you can be,
but never feel guilty if you fall short of your goals. Every sunrise offers a second chance
Look deep inside the hearts of those around you and
you’ll see the goodness and beauty within
Yield to commitment. If you stay on track and remain
dedicated, you’ll find success at the end of the road
Zoom to a happy place when bad memories or sorrow
rears its ugly head. Let nothing interfere with your
goals. Focus on your abilities, your dreams, and a
brighter tomorrow
[URL: http://academictips.org/blogs/the-alphabet-of-happiness/]
77
BASIC LEXICON
Vocabulary list 1
(chapters 1, 2, 3)
1. To pride oneself on smth / doing smth – гордиться чем-либо
2. To add to one’s composure – укрепить самообладание
3. The repose of manner – спокойные манеры
4. To ask for explanation – требовать объяснения
5. To ask for attention – требовать внимания
6. To do smth toward smb’s support – делать что-либо в помощь
7. To prepare a welcome for – приготовить хорошую встречу
8. An unpleasant surprise – неприятный сюрприз (неожиданность)
9. To be on the best of terms – быть в наилучших отношениях
10. Remonstrance – выражение протеста, возражение
10. To welcome smb’s sympathy / advice – благожелательно принимать
сочувствие / совет
11. To be by oneself – одинокий, сам по себе
12. To have sufficient strength of character – обладать достаточно сильным характером
13. To perform one’s duty – исполнять свои обязанности
14. To make sure - удостовериться
15. Honest pride in the family - искренняя гордость семьи
16. Loyal servant – преданный слуга
17. Drapery curtains – портьеры
18. Gingham dress – полосатое или клетчатое платье
19. An uninterrupted string of comments and questions – непрерывный
поток пояснений и вопросов
20. Aching sympathy – сострадание
21. To demand anxiously – задавать вопросы обеспокоенно
22. There is no pleasing her – ей не угодить
23. Take my word for it – поверь моему слову
24. To find an opportunity – найти возможность
25. Refuge – убежище, укрытие, спасение
Vocabulary list 2
(chapters 4, 5)
1. To have the pleasure of – иметь удовольствие
2. To draw one’s breath (tremulously) – (боязливо) затаить дыхание
3. In frank wonder – с искренним удивлением
4. Evident strain of vanity – с очевидным напряжением для собственного
тщеславия
5. To look in all directions (at once) – смотреть сразу во все стороны
6. Wondrously exciting problem – поразительно захватывающая проблема
7. To make a wonderful discovery – сделать замечательное открытие
8. To listen intently – слушать сосредоточенно
9. To suffer the consequences – переживать последствия
10. To learn to be punctual – научиться быть пунктуальным
11. To skip gleefully – радостно, ликующе скакать
78
12. To promise cheerfully – весело пообещать
13. To see trouble about – быть обеспокоенным чем-либо
14. Brave attempts – смелые попытки
15. To declare irritably – заявить раздраженно
16. To exult triumphantly – торжествовать
17. To maintain enthusiastically – отстаивать поддерживать с энтузиазмом
18. To give a rapturous hug – обнять восторженно
19. To give an affectionate hug – обнять нежно
20. To count on – рассчитывать на
Vocabulary list 3
(chapters 6, 7)
1. To be impelled by irresistible force – подталкиваемый непреодолимой
силой
2. To catch one’s breath – затаить дыхание
3. To apologize timidly – извиниться застенчиво
4. To cross the room majestically – величественно пересечь комнату
5. A burst of eager enthusiasm – вспышка (проявление) сильного воодушевления
6. Visible reluctance – очевидное нежелание (отвращение)
7. Conglomerate garments – разнородные предметы
8. To take turns – делать по очереди
9. To vouchsafe – удостоить, соизволить
10. Impertinent – дерзкий, нахальный, наглый
11. An exciting experience – возбуждающий, волнующий опыт
12. A delightful talk – восхитительный разговор
13. The feeling of limp relaxation – чувство безвольного расслабления
(облегчения)
14. To do something without thinking – делать что-то бездумно
15. Sun parlor built over the port-cochere – солярий (веранда для загара), построенный над входом
16. Sealskin coat – шуба из морского котика (очень дорогой мех)
17. To give a pleasant sensation – давать приятное ощущение
18. A sigh of content – вздох удовлетворения
19. With equal precipitation – с одинаковой стремительностью (опрометчивостью)
20. A special reward of merit – особая награда за заслуги
Vocabulary list 4
(chapters 8, 9, 10)
1. To settle into order – привести в порядок
2. Leisure time – время отдыха
3. To find occasion to do something – найти возможность (случай) сделать что-либо
4. Wholly exhausted – абсолютно изнуренный
5. To be vaguely sorry for smb. – испытывать неясное сожеление
6. To look lonesome – выглядеть одиноким
7. In accordance with orders – в соответствии с указаниями
79
8. In plain words – попросту говоря / простыми словами
9. At the prospect of meeting – в надежде увидеться
10. To make no difference (to make the difference / what’s the difference)
не иметь значения (иметь значение / какая разница)
11. To beg the privilege – просить (умолять) разрешения
12. An abrupt change of subject – неожиданная смена темы (разговора)
13. To seat oneself comfortably – усесться поудобнее
14. To work deftly – работать ловко. проворно
15. To find time to enjoy things – найти время для удовольствий
16. Hasty conciliation – торопливое примирение
17. Bewilderment – замешательство, смущение, недоумение
18. To settle the things – уладить дела
19. Preposterous – абсурдный, нелепый
20. To have a skeleton in one’s closet – иметь секреты
21. To take one’s cross – нести свой крест
22. Calf’-foot jelly – холодец
23. To be in earnest – говорить серьезно
24. To look for - искать
25. The hospitality of the place – гостеприимство дома
26. To prophesy – предсказывать, пророчить
27. To change one’s mind - передумать
28. Inexplicable reason – необъяснимая причина
29. Imminent risk – неизбежный, неминуемый риск
30. To be grateful – быть благодарным
Vocabulary list 5
(chapters 11, 12, 13)
1. As a matter of course (fact) – как само собой разумеющееся
2. Systemic questioning – последовательный опрос
3. To misunderstand (smth., smb.) entirely – абсолютно неправильно
понять
4. With a gasp of dismay – задохнувшись от испуга (смятения)
5. In a dumbfounded amazement – в ошеломляющем потрясении (удивлении)
6. Under somebody’s instruction – под чьим-либо руководством
7. Disconsolate – безутешный, печальный, несчастный
8. A companion of one’s own age – приятель своего возраста
9. The dawning of a wonderful idea – озарение прекрасной идеей
10. To pilot smb. into … unhesitatingly – проводить кого-либо без колебаний
11. To overcome smb. – охватить
12. To confront smb. fearlessly – предстать перед (противостоять комулибо) безбоязненно
13. With a peremptory gesture of silence – безапелляционный (категорический, высокомерный) жест, заставляющий замолчать
14. To lay the case before smb – изложить существо вопроса кому-либо
15. To raise money – найти (изыскать) деньги
16. To gain the point – достичь цели
17. A sense of desolation – чувство опустошенности
80
18. To find oneself on a forbidden ground – оказаться в запретной зоне
(на запретной территории)
19. To get (a bit of / some) credit – получить доверие (хорошую репутацию)
20. To know by experience – знать по опыту
21. Notwithstanding the disappointment – несмотря на разочарование
22. To give a reason (reasons) for – изложить причину (мотив, оправдание, основания)
23. To be in a whirl (her thoughts in a whirl) – быть в смятении (в водовороте)
24. To deliver a message – доставить сообщение
25. A (welcome) substitution for – (желанная, приятная) замена комулибо / чему либо
Vocabulary list 6
(chapters 14, 15, 16)
1. Remorseful memories – воспоминания, полные раскаяния
2. At the appointed place – в назначенном месте
3. To show keen disappointment – выразить (показать) глубокое разочарование
4. No matter what – не важно (независимо от того), что / как
5. To meet with an accident – попасть в аварию (несчастный случай)
6. To shift impatiently from one foot to the other – нетерпеливо переминаться с ноги на ногу
7. A slight delay – небольшая задержка
8. Imperturbably – невозмутимо, преспокойно
9. An extensive personal acquaintance – длительное (близкое) личное
знакомство
10. A wonder-working tonic – чудодействующее тонизирующее средство
11. Overwhelming unquenchable gladness for everything – всепоглащающая, неугасимая радость всему
12. A sumptuously furnished (bed)room – роскошно (богато, превосходно) обставленная (меблированная) комната
13. Till doomsday – до Судного дня
14. To look at smth from a certain standpoint – смотреть на что-то с
определенной позиции (точки зрения)
15. On account of – по причине
16. To deny oneself smth – отказывать себе в чем-то
17. Open skepticism – открытый скептицизм
18. To tell smb. outright that – высказать прямо
19. (In) absurd fashion – в абсурдной манере
20. An odd throb of joy – странная волнующая радость
21. (Face) alight with excitement and surprise – (лицо) светящееся от
волнения и удивления
22. To forget one’s determination – забыть о своем твердом намерении
23. Bedecked – украшенный, нарядный
24. To get the prescription filled – выполнять предписание
25. To consider smth for a moment – обдумывать (взвешивать) минуту
81
Vocabulary list 7
(chapters 17, 18, 19)
1. A forgiving person – человек, который прощает
2. An ungrateful treatment – неблагодарное отношение
3. Once in a while – иногда, редко
4. Exquisite – утонченный
5. Nervous fretfulness – нервная раздражительность
6. In an awestruck voice – трепетный, благоговейный голос
7. To give smb. a scornful glance – поглядеть презрительно (насмешливо, пренебрежительно)
8. To urge excitedly – возбужденно настаивать, советовать
9. To look incredulous – казаться недоверчивым, скептическим
10. Unwelcome members of the household – непрошенные (нежеланные)
домочадцы
11. To turn the conversation to another subject – повернуть разговор на
другой объект
12. A family physician – семейный доктор
13. To be out of sorts with – быть не в духе, не в ладах с
14. To blame smb – обвинять кого-либо
15. To shimmer – мерцать
16. To wait on smb. – обслуживать, прислуживать
17. Preliminary examinations – предварительные экзамены
18. To be well advanced – быть хорошо развитым
19. To confess – признаваться
20. To doze – дремать
21. To get beyond the beginning – продвинуться дальше введения
(начала)
22. A faint doubt – слабое сомнение
23. To overdose – передозировать
24. To chafe under the rules and regulations – раздражаться, роптать по
поводу правил и предписаний
25. To bring happiness into somebody’s life – принести счастье в чью-то
жизнь
Vocabulary list 8
(chapters 20, 21, 22)
1. A special request – особая просьба (требование)
2. Sudden decision – неожиданное решение
3. To get everything settled – урегулировать (уладить) всё
4. To puzzle out – найти решение, разобраться, разгадать
5. An ungratified wish – неудовлетворенное желание
6. To lose one’s patience – потерять терпение
7. A very dutiful woman – исполнительная (обязательная) женщина
8. With a clean conscience – с чистой совестью
9. To put one’s fingers on – точно указать (на) что-либо
10. A faithful dog – преданный пес
11. Inaudible – неслышный, невнятный
12. To brace oneself – собраться с духом, сконцентрироваться
13. To make the exchange – произвести обмен
82
14. To touch smb’s heart – тронуть чье-то сердце
15. In tumult – в суматохе
16. Wagging tongues – болтливые языки (сплетники)
17. The last straw (breaks the camel’s back) – последняя капля
18. Conscientious workers – добросовестные работники
19. To be acutely aware of – остро осознавать
20. A hypocrite – лицемер, ханжа
21. A bitter denunciation – суровое обвинение (осуждение)
22. Plague – напасть, наказание, бедствие
23. Listlessly – равнодушно, без интереса
24. Encouragement – одобрение, поощрение
25. Contagious – контагиозный (заразный, инфекционный)
Vocabulary list 9
(chapters 23, 24)
1. At somebody’s request - по чьей-то просьбе
2. To smile sadly – улыбнуться печально
3. A pretty poor apology – весьма слабое оправдание
4. Constrained – неестественный, вынужденный
5. An unmistakable flattering emphasis – несомненно лестный акцент
6. Other people’s troubles – чужие тревоги
7. At a safe distance – на безопасном расстоянии
8. To be of slight consequence – незначительные последствия (результат)
9. To recover consciousness – прийти в сознание
10. An ineffectual attempt – безрезультатная попытка
11. Under the blessed influence – под благословенным воздействием
12. In an aimless fashion - бесцельно
13. A catching disease – заразное заболевание
14. A wild-goose chasing – бесполезное занятие
15. To talk plain horse sense – рассуждать здраво
16. To make trouble – причинять беспокойство
17. To shut up like an oyster – закрыться как устрица, замкнуться в себе
18. Involuntary – ненамеренный, непроизвольный
19. To be impersonally cool – быть отчужденно спокойным (хладнокровным)
20. To make somebody one’s heir – сделать кого-либо своим наследником
Vocabulary list 10
(chapters 25, 26, 27)
1. The visit of a specialist – посещение специалиста
2. With a touch of stern decision – с оттенком твердой решительности
3. Let somebody be the judge – позволить кому-либо судить (решать)
самостоятельно
4. An unavoidable delay – неизбежная задержка
5. A good imitation – хорошее подражание
6. Dignity – достоинство
7. Days of waiting – дни ожидания
8. Return innumerable answers – отправлять бесчисленные ответы
9. In evident surprise – с явным удивлением
10. With usual truthfulness – с обычной правдивостью
83
11. Confusion – смятение, неразбериха
12. In spite of perturbation – несмотря на смятение
13. A despairing glance – отчаянный взгляд
14. Verdict – приговор
15. To be out of the question – совершенно исключено, не может быть и
речи
16. An extraordinary opportunity – исключительная возможность
17. Poor little lamb – бедняжка
18. Not to take long – не занять много времени
19. To be stirred – быть взволнованным, возбужденным
20. To proclaim the gladness of everyday experience – провозглашать
радость каждодневного бытия
21. To bemoan – оплакивать
22. To stir somebody to action – побудить к действию
23. To lose self-control – потерять самообладание
24. A gesture of despair – жест отчаяния
25. To ask embarrassing question – задавать смущающие вопросы
26. To give all the world for – отдать весь мир за
Vocabulary list 11
(chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
1. To inquire for – наводить справки, спрашивать, задавать вопросы
2. To account for – объяснять, разъяснять что-либо
3. With nervous volubility – нервозная разговорчивость
4. Under the circumstances – в обстоятельствах, при условии
5. A remarkable discourse – необычайная беседа
6. By reputation – по разговорам (создавшейся репутации)
7. To call on/upon somebody – заходить (в гости, попроведать)
8. Ill-concealed determination – плохо скрываемая решительность
(упорство)
9. To take long walks for health – предпринимать длительные оздоровительные прогулки
10. Obvious distress – явное огорчение
11. With sudden bitterness – с неожиданной горечью
12. To get a divorce – получить развод
13. Disconcerting visits – приводящие в замешательство визиты
14. To strain one’s nerves – напрягать нервы
15. To make headway – делать прогресс
16. To get started – начинать
17. To be / sound matter-of fact – быть бесспорным, неопровержимым
18. To procure – обеспечивать, предоставлять
19. The prescribed treatment – предписанное лечение
20. To make examination – провести обследование
21. To swallow one’s pride – забыть о гордости (проглотить)
22. To have real significance – иметь серьезное значение
23. To keep in touch with – поддерживать контакты (отношения)
24. To be doomed to smth/doing smth – быть обреченным на
25. To venture smth/doing smth – рискнуть, затеять, начать
84
BASIC GRAMMAR REFERENCE
1. СТРУКТУРА ПРОСТОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
• В английском предложении прямой порядок слов. Это значит, что в
первой позиции всегда стоит подлежащее, во второй – сказуемое, в
третьей – дополнение:
I
II
III
Pollyanna
liked
bread and milk
• Дополнение может быть выражено существительным, местоимением,
словосочетанием и придаточным предложением. Дополнение может
быть прямым и косвенным.
Прямое дополнение обозначает объект, на который направлено
(или с которым совершается) действие, и занимает позицию после переходного глагола: I have ordered screens. Pollyanna was hanging the
dresses in the closet and stacking the books on the table.
Косвенное дополнение обозначает объект, участвующий в действии, совершаемом с объектом, обозначенным прямым дополнением.
Это всегда второе дополнение в предложении. Позиционно косвенное
дополнение может предшествовать прямому дополнению или следовать
за ним: Miss Polly gave Pollyanna a book to read. Формальным показателем косвенного дополнения является стоящий перед ним предлог:
Miss Polly went to the book-case, took out a small booklet and gave the
booklet to her niece.
• Определение может быть простым и распространенным.
Простое нераспространенное определение стоит в препозиции к
определяемому слову: Outside there was a wide world of fairy-like
beauty, fresh, sweet air that would feel so good to hot cheeks and hands.
Расширенное определение, выражаемое инфинитивным и причастными оборотами или придаточным предложением, стоит в постпозиции к определяемому слову: Her mother suddenly widowed was left
with three younger children besides Nancy. Nancy saw her – the slender
little girl in red-checked gingham with two fat braids of flaxen hair hanging down her back.
• Обстоятельство имеет большую степень свободы в предложении и
может занимать начальную, серединную и финальную позиции:
The telegram announcing that Pollyanna would arrive in Beldingsville the
next day at four o’clock came. Fifteen minutes later the great clock in
the hallway of the Harrington homestead struck six.
2. ТИПЫ СКАЗУЕМОГО В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
• Сказуемое может быть простым и составным.
Простое сказуемое – это сказуемое, выражаемое полнозначным глаголом: Nancy met Pollyanna at the station.
Составное сказуемое может быть составным именным и составным
глагольным.
85
Составное именное сказуемое образуется глаголом-связкой и существительным,
прилагательным,
причастием
или
числительным:
Pollyanna was Miss Polly's niece. She was naïve. Miss Polly was unmarried.
Составное глагольное сказуемое образуется двумя глаголами.
Первый глагол в этой структуре может быть фазовым (to begin, to start,
to wind up), модальным (can, may, might etc.), или передавать значение
желания, намерения принятия решения и т.д. (wish, want, decide,
intend, etc.): Pollyanna began crying. Pollyanna could not understand
many things about Miss Polly’s order of life. Nancy wanted to prepare a
good welcome for Pollyanna. Aunt Polly decided to place Pollyanna in the
attic room.
Второй глагол передает основное значение действия или процесса:
Somebody is on the roof of the sun parlor. He must have climbed up the
rose-trellis or somewhere, and of course he can get right into the house
through the east window in the attic.
3. ФОРМЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
Система грамматических категорий, передающих темпоральные
значения в английском языке включает категорию времени (SIMPLE
TENSES), категорию вида, или аспекта (PROGRESSIVE FORMS), и категорию временной соотнесенности, или таксис (PERFECTIVE FORMS).
SIMPLE TENSES выражают действие как факт и включают три простые временные формы:
SIMPLE (INDEFINITE)
Past
Present
Future
ERB + ED
VERB + S (3d prs. sng.)
WILL + VERB
Эти формы характерны для всех типов сказуемого. В простом глагольном сказуемом изменению подвергается полнозначный глагол.
She liked her game. She likes her game
Everyone will like this game
В составном именном сказуемом изменению подвергается глаголсвязка.
Miss Polly was stern.
She is on her own.
She will be kinder soon
В составном глагольном – глагол, стоящий перед основным полнозначным глаголом:
Pollyanna decided to explore the neighborhood.
Pollyanna wants to please her aunt.
Miss Polly will want to teach Pollyanna many things
PROGRESSIVE FORMS (ASPECT), передают значение длительности
действия:
PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)
Past
Present
Future
BE + PARTICIPLE I
WAS/WERE + P I
AM/IS/ARE + P I
WILL BE + P I
Pollyanna was exploring the neighborhood.
Nancy is preparing a welcome for Pollyanna.
Pollyanna will be helping Nancy about the kitchen
86
Сложные формы категории временной соотнесенности (ТАКСИС),
передают значение предшествования одного действия (события)
другому:
PERFECT
Past
Present
Future
HAVE + PARTICIPLE II
HAD + P II
HAVE/HAS + P II
WILL HAVE + P II
Before she came to aunt Polly Pollyanna had lived with her father
We meet Miss Polly when she is reading a letter which she has just received
Nancy will have prepared the room by the evening
В ответах на поставленный вопрос следует (как правило) использовать временную форму глагола вопросительного предложения:
Was Nancy a loyal servant? – Yes, she was.
Did Pollyanna expect a warm welcome? – Yes, she did.
Will the girl be happy with her aunt? – No, she won’t.
4. СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН
Сложная система видовременных форм глагола в английском языке
требует согласованного их употребления в сложных предложения и в
последовательности простых предложений.
• В соответствии с системой языковых значений, формы категории
временной соотнесенности (The Perfect Forms) всегда выражают
предшествование: Present Perfect выражает предшествование настоящему моменту (или моменту речи): In the first chapters of the book the
readers see Pollyanna, who has just come to her aunt’s. Past Perfect выражает предшествование прошедшему событию или действию или моменту в прошлом: Before she came to Beldingsville, Pollyanna had lived
with her father in a far-away town. Future Perfect выражает предшествование какому-либо действию или моменту в будущем: By the end of
summer Pollyanna will have won the hearts of the neighbors
!! В случае простого перечисления событий или действий используются формы Present / Past / Future Simple: Nancy met Pollyanna at
the station, brought her home and introduced her to aunt Polly.
• Для выражения действия, которое представляется как будущее по
отношению к прошедшему в английском языке используется форма
Future-in-the Past, которая образуется при помощи вспомогательного
глагола would / should (редко) и инфинитива (простого, длительного
или перфектного) смыслового глагола: Aunt Polly said that Pollyanna
would practice reading and would learn to sew and cook.
!! Правило не действует в придаточных предложениях образа действия, причины и следствия, в придаточных определительных, а также
в том случае, если придаточное дополнительное отражает общеизвестный факт.
87
• В придаточных предложениях условия и времени действие в будущем
передается формами настоящего: If Pollyanna is late for supper again,
she will be punished.
!! Придаточные условия и времени необходимо отличать от придаточных дополнительных, которые присоединяются к главному предложению союзами if и when: I cannot say if Pollyanna will finally get accustomed to her life with aunt Polly and when it will happen.
4.1. Таблицы согласования времен
Таблица 1
грамматическая
форма
модель
образование
примеры
сказуемое в главном предложении в настоящем времени
I (you / we / they) say / promise / remember / know
he (she) says / promises / remembers / knows
действие в придаточном по отношению к действию в главном предложении
непосредственно
относится
к относится
предшествует
обозначенному
к будущеему
прошлому
му
Present Perfect
Past Simple
Future Simple
I (you / we / they)
have + PII
V+ed
will + Inf
he (she) has + PII
have (has) forgot- travelled / for- will come /
ten / seen
got / brought
meet / stay
Он говорит, что Он говорит, что Он говорит,
оставил ключ дома
давно оставил что оставит
ключ на крюч- ключ
на
ке
крючке
He says (that) he He says (that) He
says
has left the key at he left the key (that)
he
home
on the peg long will leave
the key on
ago
the peg
действия в главном и придаточном предложениях одновременны
глагол в придаточном может стоять в
Present Simple
Present Progressive (Continuous)
Мы считаем, что он обманывает нас Мы считаем, что он обманы(всегда)
вает нас (сейчас)
We think he cheats on us
We think (that) he is
cheating on us
88
Таблица 2
грамматическая
форма
сказуемое в главном предложении
в прошедшем времени
He said / promised / explained / was (sure / sorry /
afraid)
действие в придаточном по отношению к действию в главном предложении
предшествует ему
относится к будущему
Past Perfect
Future in the Past
модель
had + PII
would + Inf
образование
had planned / intended /
forgotten / brought
Он объяснил, что оставил
книгу дома
He explained (that) he
had left the book at
home.
would take / invite / remember / close
Он обещал, что принесет ее в следующий раз
He promised (that) he
would bring the book
next time.
примеры
действие в главном и придаточном относятся к прошлому
глагол в придаточном может стоять в
Past Simple
Past Progressive
Все знали, что Питер репетирует новую
роль (факт)
Everybody knew (that) Peter rehearsed
the new part
Все знали. Что Питер репетирует новую роль (в данный
момент)
Everybody knew (that) Peter
was rehearsing the hew part.
5. ТИПЫ ВОПРОСОВ
• Разделительный вопрос также ставится ко всему предложению и
требует ответа «да» или «нет». Он образуется на основе исходного
повествовательного предложения последовательным выполнением следующих действий:
1) заменой подлежащего соотносимым с ним местоимением и постановкой его в позицию в конце предложения перед вопросительным
знаком:
The doctor gave a sudden exclamation.
The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, …..... he?
2) определением вспомогательного глагола временной формы сказуемого и постановкой его после запятой, отделяющей исходное предложение от собственно вопросительной части:
The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, did …he?
89
3) если исходное предложение утвердительное, вспомогательный (связочный, модальный) глагол должен стоять в отрицательной форме:
The doctor gave a sudden exclamation, didn’t he?
4) наоборот: если исходное предложение отрицательное, вспомогательный (связочный, модальный) глагол должен стоять без отрицания:
Pollyanna could not see her friends often, could she?
There isn’t any more to-day that – that Aunt Polly didn’t send, is there?
!!! Если в предложении есть неопределенные местоимения little и
few, отрицательные местоимения no, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere,
наречия never, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, глагол в вопросительной
части должен быть в утвердительной форме:
Aunt Polly seldom talked to her niece, did she?
!!! Если подлежащее выражено местоимениями
everyone,
someone, anyone, no one, somebody, someone, anybody, в вопросительной части они заменяются местоимением they:
Nobody told Pollyanna anything about Mr. Pendleton, did they?
!!! В предложениях, стоящих в повелительном наклонении и выражающих приглашение, в вопросительной части используется вспомогательный глагол shall:
Let’s play the glad game, shall we?
!!! В предложениях, стоящих в повелительном наклонении с
просьбой разрешить что-либо, в вопросительной части используется
вспомогательный глагол will:
Let him stay with us, will you?
• Общий вопрос – это вопрос ко всему предложению, требующий ответа «да» или «нет». Он образуется постановкой глагола-связки, вспомогательного или модального глагола, в позицию перед подлежащим.
Например:
1. Preliminary examinations showed that Pollyanna was a well advanced
girl.
Did preliminary examinations show
that Pollyanna was a well advanced girl?
Yes, it did.
2. Mr. Pendleton was such a funny man.
Was Mr. Pendleton
a funny man?
Yes, he was.
3. Pollyanna could not give her friends much time when school began.
Could Pollyanna
give her friends much time when school began?
No, she could not.
• Альтернативный вопрос
Альтернативный вопрос строится по модели общего вопроса расширением одного из компонентов предложения и требует полного ответа:
1. Was Pollyanna a frequent visitor in the great house on Pendleton Hill or at
Mrs. Snow’s?
Pollyanna was a frequent visitor to the great house on Pendleton Hill
90
•
Вопросы к главным членам предложения
 Вопрос к подлежащему образуется постановкой вопросительного
местоимения в позицию перед подлежащим. Например:
1. Pollyanna entered school in September.
Who
entered school in September?
2. Pollyanna was very much of a surprise to school.
Who
was
a surprise to school?
3. The dreary room had become a fairyland.
What
had become a fairyland?
 Вопрос к сказуемому образуется при помощи вопросительного
местоимения what в позиции перед вспомогательным глаголом. В позиции глагола-сказуемого ставится глагол-заместитель do:
1. What did Pollyanna do?
She hooked the pendants to a little string and fixed them across the window.
• Вопросы к второстепенным членам предложения (специальный вопрос)
Вопросы к дополнению, определению и обстоятельству образуются постановкой вопросительного местоимения (what, who, when,
where, why, how long, how far, how much/many, what time, what colour)
в позицию перед вспомогательным/связочным глаголом:
1. Where did Pollyanna go on Sunday afternoon?
Pollyanna went to Mr. Pendleton.
2. Who did Mr. Pendleton ask to help him?
He asked Nora, the nurse.
3. What did Nora bring into the room?
She brought a big candle-stick.
4. Where did she bring the candle-stick from?
She brought it from the mantel in the drawing-room.
• Альтернативный вопрос
Альтернативный вопрос строится по модели специального вопроса
расширением одного из компонентов предложения и требует полного
ответа:
1. Where did Pollyanna go оn Sunday mornings, to church or to Sunday
school?
Sunday mornings Pollyanna usually attended both church and Sunday
school.
91
Учебное издание
Трунова Ольга Владимировна
Майзенгер Наталья Владимировна
Широкова Надежда Павловна
LEARNING TO READ, REVIEW AND RELATE
E. H. Porter «Pollyanna»
(Аctivity Book)
Учимся читать, реферировать и обсуждать
Роман Э. Портер «Поллианна»
Учебно-методическое пособие по чтению
Иллюстрации: Коверзнева В.О.
[Электронный ресурс] URL: http://bookz.ru/authors/porterelinor/pollianna/1-pollianna.html
Подписано в печать 11.12.2015 г.
Объём 5,7 уч.-изд. л. Формат 60x84x16. Бумага офсетная.
Гарнитура Verdana. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ № 81.
Отпечатано в ФГБОУ ВО
«Алтайский государственный педагогический университет»
656031, г. Барнаул, ул. Н. Крупской, 139а
тел. 8 (3852) 38-84-59
О.В. Трунова
Н.В. Майзенгер
Н.П. Широкова
Eleanor H. Porter
Pollyanna
Activity book
LEARNING TO READ,
REVIEW AND RELATE