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Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции Синергия 2 курс (версия2)

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… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant
to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government
· President
· State control
· Local control
… are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for
obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations
Sanctions
… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of
human rights
· People
· Mayors
· State agencies
… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate
or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate
outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has
been eliminated or other similar flaws
Significant
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or
potentially subject to a legal obligation
Liability
… is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers)
· Possession
· Murder
· Smuggling
· Sale
… is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations
between several things
Law
… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or
an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their
subsequent sale
Importer
… is classified as private law
· Administrative law
· Contract law
· Constitutional law
… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and
evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them
Ethics
… is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values
Integrity
… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and
build customer loyalty
Reputation
… is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses,
and groups
· Contract law
· Constitutional law
· Labour law
… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without
control or interference by another or by circumstance
Freedom
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in
money
Value
… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human
moral principles or values
· Law
· Rules
· Morality
… law deals with marriage and divorce
· Civil
· Property
· Family
… law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and
“folk law”
Customary
… law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US
Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...”
Secular
… laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be
changed by their makers
Religious
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad
range of issues within their communities
· Local
· Legal
· Religious
· Customary
… measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint
or concurrent resolutions of both houses
Legislative
… rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon
disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government
Democracy
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described
using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
Moral
…crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist
between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex
Drug
‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens
· Roman
· Greek
· Roman-Greek
A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private
parties is … law
private
A constitution guarantees …
· local liabilities
· international rights and freedoms of a person and nation
· rights and freedoms of a person and nation
A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the
law to perform an act
duty
A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way
in which a community is governed comprises …
· rules of law
· community rules
· judiciary
A person who hears a case at court is called a …
· solicitor
· barrister
· judge
· lawyer
A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in …
· 1990
· 1985
· 1989
· 1981
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations
interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other
nations is … law
international
A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed
on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that
transformed the European Community in European Union
· Paris
· Berlin
· Vienna
· Maastricht
According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of
drug …
dependence
According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
legislative
According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … registered in Russia;
however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater
abusers
Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also …
values that may be specific
personal
Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people
who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic
interest and who take … personally
· injustice
· poverty
· discrimination
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people,
businesses, and groups is … law
contract
An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its
headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International
Amnesty
An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents
human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is
Human Rights …
watch
An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract
attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human
Rights
physicians
Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of
political customs known as ‘…’, which oil the wheels of the relationship between
the ancient institutions of state
conventions
Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted
by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary
consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
· purchaser
· consumer
· seller
Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):
1 The Parliament Acts
2 The Representation of the People Acts 3 The European Communities Act
4 The Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland devolution Acts 5 The Human Rights
Act
12345
Arrange the documents chronologically:
1 Slavery Convention
2 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 3 Charter of Human and
People’s Rights
4 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
1234
Arrange the documents chronologically:
1 The ‘Great Charter of the Liberties of England’ 2 The Provisions of Oxford
3 The Bill of Rights
4 The European Communities Act
1234
Arrange the first drug regulations chronologically according to the date of their
entry in force:
1 the Pharmacy Act in the United Kingdom 2 the first drug law in San Francisco
3 All-India Opium Act 4 the Harrison Act
5 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
12345
Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:
1 Ancient Egyptian Law 2 Roman law
3 Canon law
4 African law
1234
Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date
of their entry in force:
1 the Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of
Prepared Opium 2 the International Opium Convention 1925
3 Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs 4 the
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
5 the International Convention Against Doping in Sport
12345
Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:
1 The Norman conquest
2 The legal reforms of King Henry II 3 Magna Carta
4 The Habeas Corpus Act 5 The Bill of Rights
12345
Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
1 Magna Carta
2 Code of Justinian
3 Roman Twelve Tables of Law 4 Constitution of Sparta
1234
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest
ones:
1 self-actualization
2 ego
3 social
4 security
5 physical
12345
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most
important one):
1 Ordinances
2 Ministerial regulations
3 Government Regulations
4 Statutes
5 Constitution
12345
Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting
from the basic values:
1 utility
2 sensual
3 virtue
4 wisdom
5 transcendent
12345
Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:
A. Precedent
B. Courage
C. Deontology
D. Keep your promises
E. law
F. value
G. ethics
H. morality
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an
abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that
have evolved over a long period of time
constitution
By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and
formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe
· legal
· canon
· administrative
Civil Rights Defenders was established in …
· 1982
· 1950
· 1962
Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a
consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper
quality
Administrative
Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs …was worked out and
successfully implemented by central and local authorities
trade
Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which
they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the
ancient English common law
rights
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or
unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and
crooks
protection
Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …
· consumer codes
· administrative codes
· a system of rules and case law
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
A. Contract law
B. Property law
C. Tort law
D. Family law
E. breach of agreement
F. leasehold
G. negligence
H. divorce
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
· good
· bad
· unfair
· illegal
Distributing a drug is …
· not a crime
· a drug-related offence
· a drug-found offence
Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution
and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
trafficking
Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
· addiction
· murder
· crimes
Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the
extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …
· legislation
· government
· law enforcement
Arrange the following acts chronologically:
1 Product Liability Directive
2 Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 3 Consumer Rights Directive
4 Revised Payment Services Directive
1234
Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia
· Queen
· President
· Vice-President
From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘…
constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’
unwritten
Human Rights are …
· basic rights and freedoms accorded to all people
· a way in which the communities can control people
· concepts which leaders aspire to as they create laws
Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in …
· Paris
· London
· New York City
Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that
promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for
democracy, the rule of law and social justice
frontiers
If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
· robbery
· trafficking
· smuggling
If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make
claims related to the short delivery of the goods within …
· warranty period
· product expiration date
· term of the contractual guarantee
In a religious legal … disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that
religion, so the same person is both judge and priest
system
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … that only relate to drugs in an
indirect way
crimes
In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in
an … way
· direct
· indirect
· general
In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are
scattered among various laws
statute
In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than
one year or by the death penalty
felony
It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values
· salvation (saved eternal life)
· obedient (dutiful, respectful)
· national security (protection from attack)
· a sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution)
It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International
· research
· legacy
· advocacy
· lobbying
It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection
· right to safety
· right to breathe
· right to be heard
· right to information
It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the
world:legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom
case law
Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain
way (lawful behaviour)
· duties
· liabilities
· restrictions
Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes,
treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases
· ordinances
· applications
· acts
Laws are binding for the members of the society because …
· they are made by people
· they are always easy to obey
· they protect people’s rights and fundamental freedoms
Laws currently in force in England include …
· the Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015
· the Consumer Protection Act 1986 and the Consumer Rights Act 2019
· the Consumer Protection Act 1985 and the Consumer Rights Act 2018
Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus
… to contemporary needs
· ‘ius civile’
· ‘iuris civilis’
· ‘iuris militis’
Many countries are affected by … addiction today
· virus drug
· virus alcohol
· junk food
Match the following acts with their purposes:
A. The Bill of Rights
B. The Slavery Convention of 1926
C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951
D. affirmed rights such as free elections, freedom of speech and freedom from
“cruel and unusual punishment”
E. important confirm and advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade
F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect
especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees
A – D, B – E, C – F
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
A. Italy
B. England
C. Nigeria
D. Civil Law
E. Religious Law
F. Customary Law
A – D, B – E, C – F
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
A. The Russian Federation
B. The United States of America
C. Iran
D. Civil Law
E. Religious Law
F. Customary Law
A – D, B – E, C – F
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
A. Public law
B. Municipal law
C. International law
D. Tort law
E. it governs relationships between the government to itself and between the
government and individuals
F. this can cover a wide range of issues, including everything from police power,
zoning and property taxes
G. a system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how
nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of
other nations
H. the law that protects and compensates people who have been injured by the
negligence, or recklessness, or intentional acts of wrongdoers
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
A. Fairness
B. Justice
C. Equity
D. Equality
E. the state or quality of being equal
F. the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial
adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or
punishments
G. justice achieved not simply according to the strict letter of the law but in
accordance with principles of substantial justice and the unique facts of the case
H. impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favouritism or discrimination
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with the definitions:
A. Amend
B. Assembly
C. Democracy
D. Convention
E. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
F. a large meeting for a special purpose
G. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make
other important decisions
H. a group of people who make and change laws for a government or
organization
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with the definitions:
A. Drug production
B. Trafficking
C. Drug addiction
D. Possession
E. the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the
pharmaceutical industry
F. a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale
of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
G. substance use disorder
H. willful control of illegal substances
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with the definitions:
A. Intoxication
B. Drug dealer
C. Legal drugs
D. Addicted
E. the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the
effects of alcohol
F. a person who sells illegal drugs
G. prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs that have been legally obtained
H. physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with the synonyms:
A. Trade
B. Union
C. Economy
D. Advertisement
E. commerce
F. assosiation
G. wealth
H. commercial
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with the synonyms:
A. Openness
B. Constitutionality
C. Representation
D. Division
E. Accountability
F. discovery
G. due process
H. delegation
I. separation
J. reporting
A – F, B – G, C – H, D – I, E – J
Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Consumer
B. Purchase
C. Product
D. Manufacturer
E. Importer
F. purchaser
G. acquisition
H. merchandise
I. producer
J. foreign buyer
A – F, B – G, C – H, D – I, E – J
Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Refund
B. Defects assessment
C. Liquidation
D. Storage
E. Carriage
F. repayment
G. test
H. removal
I. repository
J. transportation
A – F, B – G, C – H, D – I, E – J
Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Abuse
B. Violation
C. Addiction
D. Drugs
E. corruption
F. encroachment
G. dependence
H. medicine
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Ideology
B. Violation
C. Organization
D. Campaign
E. beliefs
F. breach
G. company
H. movement
A – E, B – F, C – G, D – H
Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and
accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
customs
Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political
corruption, in support of the drug trade
criminal
Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe
mercantile
Product … is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined
when evaluated against a set of established rules
safety
Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:
1 problem recognition
2 search process
3 evaluating alternatives
4 selection stage
5 evaluation of decision
12345
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with
obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as
preventing harm and damages thereto
· facts
· causation
· requirements
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist.
The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite
uncertain
insufficient
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions
by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the
consumers of their products
Civil
The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
e-C ommerce
The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …
· the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia
· the Constitution created 5 legal bodies
· the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers
The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was
thus integral to European legal development
· civil
· religious
· common
The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political
communities is …
· labour law
· tort law
· constitutional law
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the …
of the sneakers
· worker
· consumer
· manufacturer
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in …
· 1993
· 1992
· 1991
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a
… body of law for the protection of consumer rights
· legal
· ruling
· binding
· fundamental
The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989
have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights
· human
· universal
· unified
The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power
of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …
· treaties
· contracts
· regulations
· agreements
The forms of laws are …
· acts, rules of morality
· statutes, personal habits
· state constitutions, treaties, tickets
· local laws, statutes, executive orders
The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)
· collect samples of products to conduct analysis
· attend premises used by the manufacturer to conduct the necessary
inspections and control
· initiate only administrative proceedings and adjudicate administrative cases
regarding consumer protection
· urge manufacturers to start any violation of consumer rights and obligatory
requirements established by law
The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in …
· December 1998
· October 2000
· January 1998
· October 1998
The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
· Mesopotamian
· Greek
· Roman
The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the
… Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations
National
The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating
controversies
judicial
The law operates in the … environment
· social
· political
· geographical
The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
· the minority of the people
· the majority of the people
· several groups of people
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
administrative
The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the
State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)
Assembly
The main spheres of law are …
· public and private law
· original and legal law
· modern law and archaic law
The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the
body, how they are used or where they are used
affect
The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
· to launch a new project to decide the best way to regulate the field of fair
commercial practices
· to launch a public consultation to decide the best way to regulate the field
of unfair commercial practices
· to create a public union to decide the best way to regulate the field of unfair
commercial practices
The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important
because … (choose 2 correct answers)
· Civil law came into practice
· Criminal law came into practice
· European states sought to unify and organize their individual legal
systems
· European states sought to separate and organize their individual legal systems
The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …
· provide psychological help
· inform the manufactures about the claims
· provide the measures to be undertaken in order to secure those rights
· provide legal support and consultation to consumers regarding their rights and
The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets
· Deity
· Code
· Rule
The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws
· passing
· creating
· establishing
The term “civil law” derives from the …
· Latin ‘ius civile’
· Greek ‘ius civile’
· Latin ‘stare decisis’
The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of
the … process
lawmaking
The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on
the social contract
constitutionalism
The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any
distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct
answers)
· colour
· salary
· character
· language
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in
1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate
…”
· calls
· needs
· duties
The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the
International Bill of Human Rights
· 10
· 20
· 30
· 40
The word “constitution” in Latin means …
· democracy
· organization
· structure
There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and
they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a
black market
· enforcement
· policy
· order
There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial
enterprises) who also protect consumers
· companies
· associations
· local governmental bodies
Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and
decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a
comprehensive, codified set of laws
judge
Through …, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human
rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions
advocacy
Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or
canon law,…
· compiled existing religious legal sources into their own comprehensive
system of law and governance for the Church
· invented new religious legal sources and made their own comprehensive
system of law and governance for the Church
· compiled parts of the Bible into their own comprehensive system of law and
governance for the Church
Under the Russian law, the state control and … of consumer protection as well
as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the
Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service
(Rospotrebnadzor)
supervision
Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an
unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
· Britain
· Italy
· The USA
We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
· tablets from the ancient city Ebla
· Bible
· Hammurabi’s Code
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