Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции Тема 1. What is Law? (Что такое закон?) Тема 2. Law and Values. (Закон и ценности.) Тема 3. Consumer Law (Закон о правах потребителя) Тема 4. How Laws Protect the Consumer. (Как законы защищают потребителя.) Тема 5. Law in Everyday Life. (Законы в повседневной жизни.) Тема 6. Human Rights. (Права человека.) Тема 7. Constitution. (Конституция.) Тема 8. Drugs – Death Danger (Наркотики.) Заключение Итоговая аттестация Итоговый тест Компетентностный тест The theoretical foundations of modern … Constitutionalism were laid down in the great works on the social contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Mercantile law was created in … Europe to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Aristotle called people … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор natural slaves free people society The roots of rights and freedoms lie … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор in the written and oral traditions of many cultures in the Acts only in the oral traditions Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Italy B. England C. Nigeria D. Civil Law E. Religious Law F. Customary Law Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability. Who will be responsible for fixing the problem? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Mary will be responsible for fixing the problem. She must make sure products aren’t damaged. This also applies to deliveries. Mary may be able to seek compensation from the courier John will be responsible for fixing the problem. He has already bought the china set, so it’s up to him to solve all the related issues Courier service will be responsible for fixing the problem. After the goods were shipped that is courier service’s responsibility to deliver them The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор reason wisdom fortune justice Another important function of … law is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The first international treaty to control substances was adopted at the Brussels Conference in … 1890 in the context of the regulations against slave trade Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Constitution …, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Administrative law B. Criminal law C. Constitutional law D. Municipal law E. corruption F. burglary G. rights H. education policies Mercantile Law is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор a system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders a system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community an assemblage of customs and practices governing a broad range of business practices … values are the values that are often used Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Moral Legal Terminal Instrumental The … rule of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор manufacturer client buyer The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … Mesopotamian culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The oldest known evidence of a law code is the … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Bible Ebla tablets Hammurabi’s Code There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and the government. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes This is private law as it governs relations between law governs the horizontal relationships among private parties. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and a government. The area of law is Constitutional law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … code of Hammurabi Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Values Laws Rules … values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Legal Terminal Final … values are the highest values in a person’s value system Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Moral Legal Terminal Instrumental A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … manufacturer (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is … liability Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор League of Nations United Nations Amnesty International Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”. What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Ethics is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, legal is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop. Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор poor faulty gloomy Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Physical 2. 2 Security 3. 3 Social 4. 4 Ego 5. 5 Self-actualization As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … lawyer should be committed to the values Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор values legal rules judicial practices The system of rules which regulates society is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор true friendship values (close companionship) broad-minded values (open-minded) logical values (consistent, rational) courageous values (standing up for your beliefs) Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор modes of conduct or values that are end-states of existence rules or values that are end-states of existence modes of conduct or inner beliefs Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and … Ethics Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract manufacturer Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics professional Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Courts are to … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор punish make procedural rules apply the laws of the country Values are frequently regarded as “enduring … beliefs” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made. Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Consumer protection Labour protection Contract law The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор law enforcement rules of legal procedure moral rules Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор employers consumers workers Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions commercial Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law Ответ: protection Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Both terminal and … instrumental values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The … seller is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор rule source norm Civil claims are dealt with by … law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор criminal constitutional tort Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Consumer B. Purchase C. Product D. Manufacturer E. Importer F. purchaser G. acquisition H. merchandise I. producer J. foreign buyer Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Federal Trade … Commission works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Products must be recalled when … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор there are some cases resulting in the bad products there is an official prescription from the local authorities a manufacturer becomes aware of any risks of its products to the life of a consumer The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Greeks Romans Egyptians The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Criminal Civil Administrative The … consumer is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Reputation … is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The … executor is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор pro-seller orientation pro-consumer orientation compensation consumer and seller orientation … are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор People Mayors State agencies The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … consumer against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is not allowed. Tatyana needs to send the goods to the retailer. The company sends the defective goods for the expertise Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is allowed after receiving the copy of the receipt. Tatyana needs to send the goods to the retailer. The company sends the defective goods for the expertise Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is allowed after receiving the copy of the receipt. It’s the customer’s duty to send the defective goods for the expertise Freedom … is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … criminal law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ It is not correct that … are a capacity Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор rights powers immunities services Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 1970s 1920s 1950s Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one): Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Constitution 2. 2 Statutes 3. 3 Government Regulations 4. 4 Ministerial regulations 5. 5 Ordinances Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer … protections Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … mercantile law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Ancient Egyptian Law 2. 2 Roman law 3. 3 Canon law 4. 4 African law … law deals with marriage and divorce Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Civil Property Family Match the words with the synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Protection B. Trade C. Union D. Economy E. Advertisement F. safeguarding G. commerce H. association I. wealth J. commercial Russia belongs to … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Mixed legal system Common law system Customary law system Civil law system Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор customer merchant trade retailer Hammurabi’s Code contains … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор laws of nature the list of judges fundamental legal concepts The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their minds about goods they've bought from a retailer in Russia takes … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 24 hours 14 days 1 month Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 verify if the return date has not expired 2. 2 create a request to return a product 3. 3 specify the reason for the return 4. 4 attach an image of the product to the request 5 enter your bank card details The earliest Consumer Protection law was … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор ‘Lex Julia de Flavio’ statute ‘Lex Julia de Annona’ statute ‘Lex Julia de Rigione’ statute A legal … Liability is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote … competition Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … is defined as freedom from inner conflict Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Inner anxiety Inner harmony Inner control Inner beliefs Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of political customs known as ‘…’, which oil the wheels of the relationship between the ancient institutions of state Conventions Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … European Economic Area Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are … morality Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор President State control Local control Sanctions … are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Significant … flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 self-actualization 2. 2 ego 3. 3 social 4. 4 security 5. 5 physical … is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор Possession Murder Smuggling Sale Moral … values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Law … is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Federal government Federal Trade Commission State local Agency … is classified as private law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Administrative law Contract law Constitutional law Ethics … is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Integrity … is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Law Rules Morality … is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Contract law Constitutional law Labour law Consumer … protection laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Value … is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … abusers registered in Russia; however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Customary … law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and “folk law” Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Importer … is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Religious … laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The aim of the … Network is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ … laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Local Legal Religious Customary A constitution guarantees … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор local liabilities international rights and freedoms of a person and nation rights and freedoms of a person and nation Democracy … rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Drug …crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор policy consumer services A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … private law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic interest and who take … personally Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор injustice poverty discrimination Criminal law prosecutes activities which are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор good bad unfair illegal A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор rules of law community rules judiciary Code of … Administrative Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper quality Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A person who hears a case at court is called a … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор solicitor barrister judge lawyer Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор purchasers lawyers employers A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … international law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Secular … law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...” Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Paris Berlin Vienna Maastricht Legislative … measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: … legislative, executive and judiciary Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights … watch Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Drug … trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … contract law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The … antitrust and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … physicians for Human Rights Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор legislation government law enforcement Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор purchaser consumer seller Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Italy B. England C. Nigeria D. Civil Law E. Religious Law F. Customary Law From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘… unwritten constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’ Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the following legal acts chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 The Norman conquest 2. 2 The legal reforms of King Henry II 3. 3 Magna Carta 4. 4 The Habeas Corpus Act 5. 5 The Bill of Rights Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор ordinances applications acts Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting from the basic values: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 utility 2. 2 sensual 3. 3 virtue 4. 4 wisdom 5. 5 transcendent According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug … dependence Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Precedent B. Courage C. Deontology D. Keep your promises E. law F. value G. ethics H. morality Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also … personal values that may be specific Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe legal canon administrative Laws are binding for the members of the society because … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор they are made by people they are always easy to obey they protect people’s rights and fundamental freedoms Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs … trade was worked out and successfully implemented by central and local authorities Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ ‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Roman Greek Roman-Greek Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Refund B. Defects assessment C. Liquidation D. Storage E. Carriage F. repayment G. test H. removal I. repository J. transportation Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … rights to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Contract law B. Property law C. Tort law D. Family law E. breach of agreement F. leasehold G. negligence H. divorce In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор direct indirect general Distributing a drug is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор not a crime a drug-related offence a drug-found offence Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор addiction murder crimes It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world: legislation, case law … or decisions of the higher court or custom Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the following acts chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Product Liability Directive 2. 2 Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 3. 3 Consumer Rights Directive 4. 4 Revised Payment Services Directive Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. The Russian Federation B. The United States of America C. Iran D. Civil Law E. Religious Law F. Customary Law Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Queen President Vice-President It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор right to safety right to breathe right to be heard right to information Human Rights are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор basic rights and freedoms accorded to all people a way in which the communities can control people concepts which leaders aspire to as they create laws British people certainly say that they have a … constitution, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Human Rights Without … frontiers (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Civil Rights Defenders was established in … 1982 1950 1962 If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор warranty period product expiration date term of the contractual guarantee In a religious legal … system disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that religion, so the same person is both judge and priest Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор consumer codes administrative codes a system of rules and case law The law operates in the … environment Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор social political geographical In Russia rather than having a single product liability … statute, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … Amnesty International Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор salvation (saved eternal life) obedient (dutiful, respectful) national security (protection from attack) a sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution) A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 1990 1985 1989 1981 Most rules of law have developed from the … customs that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain way (lawful behaviour) Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор duties liabilities restrictions The … e-Commerce Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Laws currently in force in England include … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 the Consumer Protection Act 1986 and the Consumer Rights Act 2019 the Consumer Protection Act 1985 and the Consumer Rights Act 2018 The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор labour law tort law constitutional law Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus … to contemporary needs Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор ‘ius civile’ ‘iuris civilis’ ‘iuris militis’ Match the following acts with their purposes: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. The Bill of Rights B. The Slavery Convention of 1926 C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 D. affirmed rights such as free elections, freedom of speech and freedom from “cruel and unusual punishment” E. important confirm and advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees The forms of laws are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор acts, rules of morality statutes, personal habits state constitutions, treaties, tickets local laws, statutes, executive orders Match the given expressions with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Public law B. Municipal law C. International law D. Tort law E. it governs relationships between the government to itself and between the government and individuals F. this can cover a wide range of issues, including everything from police power, zoning and property taxes G. a system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations H. the law that protects and compensates people who have been injured by the negligence, or recklessness, or intentional acts of wrongdoers If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор robbery trafficking smuggling Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Paris London New York City Match the given expressions with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Fairness B. Justice C. Equity D. Equality E. the state or quality of being equal F. the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments G. justice achieved not simply according to the strict letter of the law but in accordance with principles of substantial justice and the unique facts of the case H. impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favouritism or discrimination The … Civil Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Match the words with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Drug production B. Trafficking C. Drug addiction D. Possession E. the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry F. a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws G. substance use disorder H. willful control of illegal substances In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … Crimes that only relate to drugs in an indirect way Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Match the words with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Intoxication B. Drug dealer C. Legal drugs D. Addicted E. the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol F. a person who sells illegal drugs G. prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs that have been legally obtained H. physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор facts causation requirements Match the words with the synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Trade B. Union C. Economy D. Advertisement E. commerce F. assosiation G. wealth H. commercial Many countries are affected by … addiction today Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор virus drug virus alcohol junk food Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Consumer B. Purchase C. Product D. Manufacturer E. Importer F. purchaser G. acquisition H. merchandise I. producer J. foreign buyer There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор companies associations local governmental bodies Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Ideology B. Violation C. Organization D. Campaign E. beliefs F. breach G. company H. movement The legislature is the Federal … Assembly of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Organized … criminal activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Abuse B. Violation C. Addiction D. Drugs E. corruption F. encroachment G. dependence H. medicine Product … safety is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined when evaluated against a set of established rules Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 problem recognition 2. 2 search process 3. 3 evaluating alternatives 4. 4 selection stage 5. 5 evaluation of decision The main spheres of law are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор public and private law original and legal law modern law and archaic law Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘…insufficient information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор No, she can’t. The Consumer Guarantees Act only applies to products and services that are usually for household or personal use No, she can’t. The period for return / refund is 1 week Yes, she can. The Consumer Guarantees Act applies to all products and services The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia the Constitution created 5 legal bodies the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Deity Code Rule The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор civil religious common Match the words with the synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Openness B. Constitutionality C. Representation D. Division E. Accountability F. discovery G. due process H. delegation I. separation J. reporting The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор worker consumer manufacturer The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had not been clearly formed, albeit after the killing took place The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had been clearly formed, albeit before the killing took place The Court held that intoxication could be a defence in either case even if the intent had been clearly formed The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 1993 1992 1991 In US law, a … felony is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, hear civil cases, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions The head of the executive branch. I would interpret state laws, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, settle legal disputes The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор treaties contracts regulations agreements Originally … mercantile law was used by the merchants in Europe Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор collect samples of products to conduct analysis attend premises used by the manufacturer to conduct the necessary inspections and control initiate only administrative proceedings and adjudicate administrative cases regarding consumer protection urge manufacturers to start any violation of consumer rights and obligatory requirements established by law The idea of written laws first appears in … culture Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Mesopotamian Greek Roman The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … National Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The law creates a … judicial system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …” Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор calls needs duties The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the minority of the people the majority of the people several groups of people The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … administrative law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Yes, the manager has violated Ben's human rights. Discrimination in hiring based on having a record of ground is prohibited No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as Ben’s offence is related to the job duties he would have to do No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as it’s up to the manager to decide who should be hired and who should not Through … advocacy, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … affect the body, how they are used or where they are used Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989 have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор human universal unified The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор Civil law came into practice Criminal law came into practice European states sought to unify and organize their individual legal systems European states sought to separate and organize their individual legal systems The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор provide psychological help inform the manufactures about the claims provide the measures to be undertaken in order to secure those rights provide legal support and consultation to consumers regarding their rights and Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Meghan as her customer hired Meghan. It was not her supplier. Meghan must fix any problems. However, Meghan can ask her supplier for compensation or repairs Supplier who installed the unit, as it was his duty under the contract Shelving manufacturer must fix the problem The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор passing creating establishing The term “civil law” derives from the … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Latin ‘ius civile’ Greek ‘ius civile’ Latin ‘stare decisis’ The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … lawmaking process Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The theoretical foundations of modern … constitutionalism were laid down in the great works on the social contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор colour salary character language The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called … Legislation Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 10 20 30 40 Match the words with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Amend B. Assembly C. Democracy D. Convention E. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) F. a large meeting for a special purpose G. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions H. a group of people who make and change laws for a government or organization There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор enforcement policy order … of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Practices Codes Sources Though the … judge often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … Lawmaking process Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор compiled existing religious legal sources into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church invented new religious legal sources and made their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church compiled parts of the Bible into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор December 1998 October 2000 January 1998 October 1998 Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Britain Italy The USA It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор research legacy advocacy lobbying Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Therapist could have failed to know that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information Therapist could use any address provided by the client. Private material should be faxed or send by e-mail Therapist should have known that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The principle of mens rea (lat.) is the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime; or knowledge that one's action or lack of action would cause a crime to be committed. It is a necessary element of many crimes The principle of stare decisis means that a court should apply previous court decisions to similar future cases The objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор to launch a new project to decide the best way to regulate the field of fair commercial practices to launch a public consultation to decide the best way to regulate the field of unfair commercial practices to create a public union to decide the best way to regulate the field of unfair commercial practices Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор No, she doesn’t. Retailers aren’t responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judy may think of more flexible exchange policies to foster better customer relationships Yes, she does. Retailers are totally responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances Yes, she does. Retailers are responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judi must order a new T- shirt that may fit the customer The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … Common law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Social … Contact theory says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор legal ruling binding fundamental Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication. Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist violated the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard as there is non- confidentiality prior to treatment Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human … Rights Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ 2Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Yes, the rink attendants and manager have violated the young women's rights. It is discrimination based on gender or sex (ground). Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to services, goods and facilities without discrimination because of ¼ sex No, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the abovementioned behavior Yes, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the abovementioned behavior … is Statute Law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Case Law Judge-made Law Parliament-made Law Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Replace the drink as businesses are responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase Provide a discount for one more drink. Businesses are partially responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase Nothing. Businesses aren’t responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court’s decision? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could not be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him The conviction was not quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could have expected that dangerous drugs would have that effect upon him The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him The word “constitution” in Latin means … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор democracy organization structure A … Referendum is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law. Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор It falls in the category of Private law as considers the interests of the individuals It falls in the category of Public law as considers the interests of the society It falls in the category of Public and Private law as considers the interest of the society and the individuals Under the Russian law, the state control and … supervision of consumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Yes, she must. Although the warranty has expired, a customer can expect an expensive product to last a reasonable amount of time before any faults or problems appear No, she doesn’t have to. The warranty has expired, a customer can’t expect any remedies It depends on the defect. Ivan is entitled to a free TV-set examination Arrange the milestone documents chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Magna Carta 2. 2 Code of Justinian 3. 3 Roman Twelve Tables of Law 4. 4 Constitution of Sparta Arrange the documents chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 The Cyrus Cylinder 2. 2 The Petition of Rights 3. 3 The US Declaration of Independence 4. 4 The Magna Carta Case… law is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law basedon constitutions, statutes, or regulations Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Constitution is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political state a written or printed paper that gives information about or proof of something the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws Arrange the following legal acts chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 The Bill of Rights 2. 2 The Norman conquest 3. 3 Magna Carta 4. 4 The Habeas Corpus Act 5. 5 The legal reforms of King Henry II Roman law added to Aristotelian notions of constitutionalism … (choose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор a generalized equality a universal wisdom a hierarchy of types of laws a generalized equity It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор constitutions statutes regulations police officers Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rulesof law announced by the courts in deciding cases Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор ordinances applications acts According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор critical moderate low Precedent is basically … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the judge needs to follow another Judges decision if the cases are similar, the judgements should be similar difficult to understand Religion and language are two examples of … conditions that influence international business Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор political and legal cultural and social geographic economic Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term "source of law" may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems? What is the hierarchy of the sources oflaw? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer. Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President Sources of law are the same in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a common law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President The … Natural law theory argues that some rules objectively existing in the nature also are source of law, while legal positivism argues that only the rules made by sovereignty can be the source of law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Medications or pharmaceuticals are also … Drugs and are regulated differently dependent on their level of health risk Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The branch of government that has the power to enforce laws in the country is the … Executive Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The common law legal system is one which revolves around the principle of … which means ‘let the decision stand’ Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор stare decisis dura lex binding doctrine reasonable man Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор It is Constitutional law because it the constitutional rights were violated It is International law because Susan is an Asian-American It is Constitutional law as it can be applied to any cases The established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting is called … Custom Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The idea of human rights emerged stronger after the … Second World War Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор law doctrine order sphere English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 18th contributed to the theory of … Social contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ What is important to note is that the four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, … Customary law and religious law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the documents chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 The ‘Great Charter of the Liberties of England’ 2. 2 The Provisions of Oxford 3. 3 The Bill of Rights 4. 4 The European Communities Act Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор slave trade poverty social injustice Match the following acts with their purposes: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. The UN Charter B. The US Constitution C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 D. bolster international peace and preventing conflict E. important guarantees about rights and freedoms for certain groups excluding women’s rights F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … Vienna in 1988. Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … Criminal behavior Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the … United Nations came into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the … Constitution Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Stacy and several Black friends went to a café after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the café, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the café staff violate the group's human rights? Advise the café staff Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Otherwise, it is a racial discrimination that is defined as any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin The café staff didn’t violate the group’s human rights. It’s the café staff’s decision and they can choose who might stay in the café. So, it was right. No racial discrimination observed The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Anyway, it is not a racial discrimination The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … Human rights Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The belief that all human beings possess rights and freedoms, simply because they are human, was spread … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор in the aftermath of the Second World War in the aftermath of the First World War after the French Revolution The Charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies, including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers) Тип ответа: Множественный выбор free elections freedom of thought freedom of choice freedom of speech The first English Bill of Rights was established in … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор 1669 1679 1689 1699 The Great Charter was so important because it laid out the principle that everybody, …, was subject to the law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор including royalty excluding royalty excluding nobles It’s obvious that drug … Abuse and drinking can also lead to violent behavior that is not reported and never makes it into the criminal justice system Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The role of the International Labor Organization was to … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор punish for wrongful acts create the system of checks and balances oversee treaties protecting workers with respect to their rights Under “biography” is meant each region of distribution of narcotic drugs has its own … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор drug dealers police trafficking organizations specific development The UN Commission on Human Rights proceeded a treaty – the International … Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) including its optional protocol Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The United States Constitution of 1791 contained a … that remains in effect today Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Bill of Rights Bill of Freedoms Bill of Actions The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the most universal human rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis for a democratic society Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948 Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The concept of crime is considered in … law Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Civil Criminal Legal Administrative … regarded the mixed constitution as the best arrangement of offices in the polis Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор The Stoics Johne Locke Aristotle A constitutional … Democracy is a government in which the people vote for representatives or laws, and in which the laws are authorized and constrained by a constitution Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … Human Rights is the most translated document in the world Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position is called an Election Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange modern constitutions chronologically (consider the date of their adoption): Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Constitution of Italy 2. 2 Constitution of Belarus 3. 3 Constitution of Russia 4. 4 Constitution of Norway 5. 5 Constitution of France Many countries are affected by … addiction today Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор virus drug virus alcohol junk food Match the words with the synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Disclosure B. Constitutionality C. Representation D. Division E. discovery F. due process G. delegation H. separation Roman law generally recognized … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор a basic equity among all humans an inequality among all humans a basic equality among all humans States that have a written … may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Constitution Policy law The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The most effective anti-drug strategy that includes monitoring, detection and sorting, pursuit and apprehension is Interdiction Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. Imagine if you were asked to create you student groups’ Constitution. What would it contain? The preamble and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of walking, press, assembly, media freedom The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, media freedom The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of playing video games, press, assembly, media freedom The following types of constitutions are distinguished: … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор oral and written written and unwritten new and old A … Constitutional government is one whose powers have been adapted to the interests of its people and to the maintenance of individual liberty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Rational Irrational Generalized We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор tablets from the ancient city Ebla Bible Hammurabi’s Code A … is a type of offense punishable under criminal law by less than 12 months in jail Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор felony misdemeanor murder Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 the Convention on the Rights of the Child 2. 2 the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 3. 3 the Convention on psychotropic substances 4. 4 the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 5. 5 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Distributing a drug is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор not a crime a drug-related offence a drug-found offence Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор addiction murder crimes Drug-related crimes consist of crimes to possess, Manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор robbery trafficking smuggling In case people use chemicals or distribute them, they might be prosecuted by the government and sent to … Jail Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ In US law, a … Felony is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ It is not correct that … factors are contributing to the difficulty in measuring drug-crime relationships Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор cultural personal economic political psychological Match the words with their synonyms: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Intoxication B. Felon C. Treatment D. Substance E. drunkenness F. drug offender G. therapy H. matter Study the following case: The defendant, having voluntarily consumed drugs, had the illusion of descending to the centre of the earth and being attacked by snakes. In his attempt to fight off these reptiles he struck the victim two blows on the head causing injuries to her brain. He claimed to have had no knowledge of what he was doing and no intention to harm her. What was the court’s decision? His defence of intoxication was rejected at his trial and he was convicted of unlawful act manslaughter His defence of intoxication was accepted at his trial and he was released The defence was partial. And he was released on bail Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор themselves retailers sellers consumers The general trend concerning the narcotic drugs is that the main indicators of mortality fall to … people Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор aged young middle-aged … secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор Constitutions Treaties Customs Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “On Consumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law) Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор liability duty tax A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор cheerful respectful sincere restrained Consumer Protection Laws specific to … virtual commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Arrange the documents chronologically: Тип ответа: Сортировка 1. 1 Slavery Convention 2. 2 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 3. 3 Charter of Human and People’s Rights 4. 4 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … ethical standards Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Liability … is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The … judges of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently. Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘defective’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively? Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор It can hardly be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions also determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country It can be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socioeconomic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country It can hardly be argued that any constitution is not the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country Values are practical based on the previous … Ethical, usually of several generations Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ Match the given expressions with the definitions: Тип ответа: Сопоставление A. Morality B. Value C. Liability D. Ethics E. principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour F. the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money G. a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation H. the process of questioning, discovering and defending values, principles and purpose The Product Liability … directive of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ A statement of law is binding for future similar disputes if… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор it is based on a hypothesis is made by the way it forms the basis of the decision When the land is owned by a company, … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор registration of a mortgage is not necessary there must be registration of both legal and equitable mortgages there must be registration of the equitable mortgage The rights of inheritance are unrestricted in case of … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор fee tail estate life estate fee simple estate The secretary of a private company… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор must have work experience as a company secretary need not have any personal qualifications must be qualified as a chartered secretary, an accountant or a lawyer Sole trader… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор is liable for all his debts shares losses with the people he employs has limited liability Employees are entitled to notice which could be a month … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор for senior clerical workers for senior managers for other managers The mortgagor may create … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор second and subsequent mortgages over the same property not more than two mortgages over the same property only one mortgage over the same property Agency of necessity can arise on condition that … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор there is some emergency there are no pre-existing contracts giving the agent responsibility for the property of another the person charged with responsibility can get instructions from the owner of the property If the principal refuses to ratify the transaction, … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the principal will be liable for damages no one will be liable for damages the agent will be liable for damages Preference shareholders have the right… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор to receive a fixed dividend prior to ordinary shareholder to receive an unlimited dividend to receive surplus assets In case of trespass to land the duty is owed … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор to the possessor if he is the owner to the possessor even if he is not the owner to the owner The bankruptcy petition can be presented by… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the trustee a creditor a magistrate Trading in a name similar to that of another similar business affects … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор reputation economic rights general rights Public limited companies can have… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор two directors no directors one director The capital clause of the Memorandum states… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the capital assets the authorized capital the actual capital raised The employer must provide written statement of the following terms … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор provision of safe tools and equipment pension rights maternity rights A separate legal person is created in setting up business as… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор a partnership a registered company a sole trader The transfer of property to the buyer is the main purpose … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор of the contract for the sale of goods of the contract for labor and materials of the contract for service Fiduciary duties are owed … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by employees to their employers by sales clerks to the customers by buyers to sellers A director of a public company can be disqualified… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by the court by the annual meeting of shareholder by a majority shareholder The following products are excluded from liability under the Consumer Protection Act: Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор unprocessed game vapours electricity Partnership can be set up between persons carrying on a business… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор only for receiving profits for any purpose for charitable purpose Negligence is an actionable wrong affecting … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the person general rights property actionable A company which develops a new product, protects this invention … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by a patent by a share certificate by an insurance policy Leasehold estate which incudes the renewable yearly lease is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the “term of years” the “estate at will” the “estate by sufferance” Fiduciary duties of employees are implied into a contract of employment … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор are not implied by the common law by statute Legal rights attach to… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор natural and artificial persons natural persons only corporations only To control rogue dealers, the DG may bring proceedings… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор in the Restrictive Practices Court in the Crown Court in the High Court Contracts for the sale of goods include … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор agreements to sell contracts for hire of goods contracts of bailment Dismissal of an employee is considered fair if the reason is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор that the employee is a member of an independent trade union redundancy pregnancy Private limited companies cannot raise money… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by selling shares by inviting other members by making loans The power to order that a merger shall not go ahead lies with… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the Secretary of State the Director General of Fair Trading the Monopolies and Mergers Commission The term “goods” includes all “chattels personal” that are … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор tangible immovable intangible The highest court of appeal in Britain is… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор House of Lords Civil Court of Appeal Criminal Court of Appeal Supervising trading practices is one of the main duties of… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the Monopolies and Mergers Commission the Director General of Fair Trading the Consumer Protection Advisory Committee The major source of the English law which takes precedence over the others is… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор legislation European Community law case law A mortgage is void against a subsequent purchaser … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор if it is legal without title deed if it is not registered in the Land Charges Registry if it is not legal A consent of the principal … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор must be given in written form can be verbal, in writing or by deed is to be given by deed An employer must make a redundancy payment to an employee who has been employed … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор for two years for a month for a year The Monopolies and Mergers Commission consists of… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор three members not less than 10 members not more than 30 members The loan agreement provides for repayment of loan plus interest … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор at any time subject to no restrictions at any time subject to reasonable restrictions exactly by the legal date of redemption he bankruptcy order is published in… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the Financial Times the London Gazette the Business Week Things which are capable of physical possession are uncluded into … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор incorporeal property tangible property intangible property Ratification of the contract can be possible if … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор it concerns a part of the contract the contract is not void or a forgery it takes place after the time fixed for the performance of the contract The Department of Trade and Industry may appoint inspectors… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор on the application of 100 shareholders on the application of 1 shareholder on the application of members holding not less than one tenth of the shares. According to the contract, the goods must be transferred … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор for other goods for securities for money Directors of a public company can be appointed… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор at any age at the age under 70 at the age under 60 The employer must provide written statement of the following terms … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор maternity rights provision of safe tools and equipment pension rights The East India Company was created… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by special Act of Parliament under Companies Act by Royal Charter A person cannot be a partner if … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор it is a limited company he or she is an enemy alien he or she is a minor A subsidiary company is owned… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор by a sole trader by a holding company by a partnership To take part in the management of a registered company, a bankrupt must get… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор the creditors’ consent the trustee’s consent the court’ consent If a minority shareholder does not agree with the majority… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор he must accept the decision of the majority the majority must agree with him the court will support him A shareholder has the right… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор to give instructions to the directors of the company to sell the assets of the company to receive a proportion of the profits of the company The Register of the Company must be kept… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор at the registered office in the residence of the majority shareholder in the office of the CEO A shareholder of a public company can sell his shares freely… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор if other shareholders agree if the shares are dealt with on the Stock Exchange or the AIM if majority shareholder gives his consent не уверена Companies limited by shares are usually set up for… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор educational purposes charitable purposes trading purposes Directors of a public company can be appointed… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор at the age under 70 at the age under 60 at any age Contracts for the sale of goods include … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор contracts for hire of goods agreements to sell contracts of bailment Carrying on an offensive trade, obstructing the highway is … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор private nuisance trespass to land public nuisance Allowing water to escape from reservoirs is a tort affecting … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор economic rights property general rights A bankrupt must disclose his status if he wants to obtain… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор a credit of 250 pounds or more a credit of more than 50 pounds sterling a credit Choses capable of negotiation are classified as negotiable instruments and include Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор bills of exchange postal orders bills of lading If a partner secretly carries on a competing business, he… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор will be expelled must sell that business must pay to the firm all profits made by him in that business General agents have … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор authority to act within certain limits unlimited authority authority for a specific purpose A mortgage can be set aside … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор if the presumption of undue influence has been rebutted in the Court can never be set aside if it has been obtained by undue influence General agents have … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор unlimited authority authority to act within certain limits authority for a specific purpose A holder of bearer shares becomes a member of the company… Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор if Articles of the company allow that automatically according to the decision of the directors of the company