Минск «ТетраСистемсª УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Х93 Серия основана в 2012 году А в т о р кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Л. П. Христорождественская Р е ц е н з е н т кандидат филологических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой профессионально ориентированной английской речи Белорусского государственного экономического университета Н. А. Новик Х93 Христорождественская, Л. П. Фразовые глаголы в раговороном английском = Phrasal Verbs in Spoken English : пособие / Л. П. Христорождественская. – Минск : ТетраСистемс, 2012. – 272 с. – (Modern English). ISBN 978-985-536-324-9. Пособие посвящено изучению и практическому применению наиболее употребляемых фразовых глаголов в современном английском языке. Они представлены в алфавитном порядке, значения их поясняются на русском и английском языках в примерах и упражнениях. Весь объем информации основан на современном аутентичном материале (английские и американские пособия, словари и справочники). Предназначено абитуриентам, студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям, а также всем желающим изучить особенности употребления фразовых глаголов в современном английском языке. УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Учебное издание Христорождественская Лидия Павловна ФРАЗОВЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ В РАЗГОВОРНОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ Phrasal Verbs in Spoken English Пособие Ответственный за выпуск А. Д. Титов Компьютерная верстка Е. Ю. Бобкова Дизайн обложки Н. М. Перепечко Подписано в печать с готовых диапозитивов заказчика 12.06.2012. Формат 60×84 1/16. Бумага для офсетной печати. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 15,81. Уч.-изд. л. 10,8. Тираж 2000 экз. Заказ Научно-техническое общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ТетраСистемс». ЛИ № 02330/0494056 от 03.02.2009. Ул. Железнодорожная, 9, 220014, г. Минск. Тел. 219-74-01; e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.ts.by. Республиканское унитарное предприятие «Издательство “Белорусский Дом печати”». ЛП № 02330/0494179 от 03.04.2009. Пр. Независимости, 79, 220013, г. Минск. ISBN 978-985-536-324-9 © Христорождественская Л. П., 2012 © Оформление. НТООО «ТетраСистемс», 2012 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ ................................................................................... 4 ADVERBS ..................................................................................... 7 PHRASAL (MULTI-WORD) VERBS .......................................... 22 MIXED COMBINATIONS ........................................................... 119 PHRASAL VERBS IN TOPICS .................................................. 156 Topic: Shopping .................................................................. 156 Topic: Food .........................................................................161 Topic: Holidays. Travelling ..................................................164 Topic: Travelling. Traff ic ..................................................... 172 Topic: Hotel .........................................................................184 Topic: Flat ........................................................................... 187 Topic: Appearance. Character .......................................... 199 Topic: Feelings .................................................................... 205 Topic: People ...................................................................... 208 Topic: Family .......................................................................214 Topic: Jobs and Work ......................................................... 233 Topic: Medical Matters ...................................................... 240 Topic: Education .................................................................246 Topic: News ........................................................................ 253 Topic: Telephoning ............................................................. 258 Topic: Money. At the Bank ............................................... 263 СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ .................. 272 ВВЕДЕНИЕ Что такое фразовые глаголы? Настоящая работа посвящена фразовым глаголам. Фразовые глаголы – это многочисленные лексические единицы, состоящие из глаголов, имеющих высокую частотность употребления и выражающих жизненно-важные понятия (чаще всего глаголов со значением перемещения в пространстве: to go, to get, to put и др.), и одного (up, down, out и др.) или нескольких послелогов (частиц, произошедших от омонимичных им наречий). Сочетание наречия с глаголом (фразовый глагол) образует единое понятие. В некоторых случаях значение фразового глагола вытекает из значений слов, входящих в состав сочетания: to come back возвращаться (to come приходить, back назад, обратно) to go away уходить (to go идти, away прочь) to go down спускаться (to go идти, down вниз) В других случаях значение фразового глагола не соответствует значениям его составных элементов: to make out понимать (to make делать, out вне) to put out тушить (to put класть, out вне) to give in уступать, сдаваться (to give давать, in внутри) Послелоги, входящие в состав фразовых глаголов, могут быть отделяемыми и неотделяемыми: “I get up at 7 o’clock.” (неотделяемый послелог) и “She took me in.” (отделяемый послелог). Неотделяемый послелог чаще всего входит в состав непереходных (не присоединяющих прямое дополнение) глаголов, отделяемый послелог – переходных (присоединяющих прямое дополнение) глаголов. Например: “I get up [Я встаю].” И “I get someone up [Я поднимаю кого-либо].” Отделяемые послелоги могут занимать различные места в предложении в зависимости от того, какой частью речи выражено прямое дополнение. Если это личное местоимение в объектном падеже, то послелог ставится непосредственно после прямого дополнения: “She took me in [Она обманула меня].” Если прямое дополнение выражено существительным, то пос4 лелог ставится непосредственно после глагола, реже – после прямого дополнения: “They took in a lot of people [Они обманули многих людей]. ”Реже – “They took a lot of people in.” Таких устоявшихся сочетаний с послелогами у распространенных глаголов come, go, break, put и др. может быть по меньшей мере с десяток, и все они могут иметь различное значение. Кроме того, один и тот же фразовый глагол может выражать множество понятий. Возьмем для примера значения такого фразового глагола как “to make up”. Make up 1. составлять, приготовлять (лекарство по рецепту, обед, блюдо и т. п.); 2. выдумывать; сочинять; измышлять; 3. помирить(ся), уладить спор; 4. восполнять; возмещать; наверстывать; 5. гримировать(ся), применять косметику В некоторых случаях определенные наречия придают сходные значения различным глаголам, так, например, up может указывать на завершенность действия: drink [eat] up выпить [съесть] все до конца; dry up высушить; wash up вымыть посуду; boil up вскипятить и др., off придает значение “покинуть”, “оставить”: go off уйти; run off убежать; drive off уехать; rush off броситься прочь; walk off внезапно уйти; hurry off поспешить прочь. Аналогичным образом определяют семантику фразовых глаголов и другие наречия. Фразовые глаголы – явление разговорного уровня и, следовательно, исключительно важное с точки зрения коммуникативной ценности, так как предоставляет говорящему на английском языке неограниченные возможности выражения практически любых понятий. Cтруктура пособия Настоящая работа представляет собой пособие для лиц, совершенствующихся в английском языке и ставящих себе целью развитие навыка практического владения им. Оно может быть использовано студентами и аспирантами гуманитарных вузов, абитуриентами, слушателями курсов иностранных языков. 5 Пособие имеет следующую структуру. В начале пособия даны основные значения наречий, которые выступают в качестве послелогов при формировании фразовых глаголов и определяют их семантику. Далее следует список фразовых глаголов, подлежащих изучению. В этот список включены лишь наиболее употребляемые глаголы, а также глаголы, которые встречаются в тематическом разделе пособия. Фразовые глаголы даются в алфавитном порядке, значения их поясняются на русском и английском языках и иллюстрируются примерами. В пособии содержится большое количество упражнений для активизации фразовых глаголов. Однако очевидно, что подлинное усвоение фразовых глаголов возможно лишь в процессе многократного их употребления в связной речи, и для этой цели в пособие включены тематические тексты, насыщенные фразовыми глаголами, с соответствующей системой упражнений на их основе. В задачу преподавателя при работе с этими текстами входит как можно больше стимулировать употребление фразовых глаголов в творческих высказываниях учащихся путем создания соответствующих ситуаций, организации дискуссий и обсуждений на основе содержания текстов и диалогов. Пособие открывает авторскую серию работ по грамматике современного английского языка «MODERN ENGLISH». Весь языковой материал в пособиях подобран из современных английских и американских источников и содержит образцы живой английской речи, которая предопределяет отбор учебного материала и характер упражнений в предлагаемых пособиях. 6 ADVERBS about указывает на 1. нахождение 1) в разных местах повсюду, везде, в разных местах; Не was nowhere about. Его нигде не было (видно). Don’t leave papers lying about. He разбрасывайте бумаги где попало. There is a good deal of influenza about at present. Сейчас повсюду много случаев гриппа. There is a rumour about. Ходит слух. 2) поблизости неподалеку, поблизости, рядом; Several boys were standing about. Рядом (неподалеку) стояло несколько школьников. 2. движение 1) в разных направлениях по какой-л. ограниченной территории (по комнате, городу, стране и т. п.) взад и вперед; передается также глагольными префиксами; to stroll about прогуливаться; They moved the furniture about. Они передвигали мебель. The children were rushing about in the garden. Дети носились по саду. 2) в противоположном направлении обратно; кругом; After swimming a mile he turned about and swam back to the shore. Проплыв милю, он повернул обратно к берегу. 3. приблизительность около, приблизительно, почти; без малого; Не is about as tall as I am. Он почти такого же роста, как и я. 4. готовность совершить какое-л. действие (с последующим инфинитивом); Не was about to reply but thought better of it. Он собирался ответить, но раздумал. 7 ahead 1. вперед; to plan ahead составлять (строить) планы на будущее; to go (to get) ahead продвигаться, устремиться (вперед); to look ahead смотреть вперед; быть готовым к будущему 2. впереди; ahead of the time досрочно; Walk ahead of us.Иди впереди нас. apart 1. 1) в отдалении, в стороне, обособленно; far (wide) apart на большом расстоянии друг от друга; This house stood apart from others. Этот дом стоял отдельно (в стороне) от других. Keep the dogs apart. He подпускайте собак друг к другу. 2) в сторону; to set English books apart отложить в сторону английские книги; to set some money apart отложить немного денег (для какой-л. цели) 2. раздельно, порознь; врозь; различно, отлично от; to live (to dwell) apart жить врозь; The friends have grown much apart. Друзья разошлись (охладели друг к другу). 3. на части, на куски; to fall apart развалиться на части; to take apart разобрать (демонтировать); to take the watch apart разобрать часы away 1. выражает 1) отдаленность от какого-л. места далеко; away from home вдали от дома; far away далеко 2) отдаленность во времени давно; away back очень давно; away back in the twenties давным-давно (еще) в 20-е годы 8 2. выражает 1) уменьшение, исчезновение; to boil away выкипеть; to pass away умереть; Sounds were dying away. Звуки таяли. 2) передачу в пользование другому лицу; to give away sth to sb дать (подарить) что-л. кому-л.; to give away a secret выдать тайну back 1. сзади, позади; Keep back! He подходи(те)! Отойди(те)! He stood back in the crowd. Он стоял позади в толпе. The police kept the crowd back. Полиция сдерживала толпу. 2. обратно, назад; to get (to take, to send, to bring) back получить (взять, послать, принести) назад (обратно); to go (to come, to run, to ride, to fly) back пойти (прийти, прибежать, ехать, лететь) обратно 3. указывает на ответное действие; to pay back а) отдать долг; б) отплатить; to answer back возражать (особ. на замечание); to hit (to strike) back дать сдачи; to love back отвечать взаимностью; to talk back огрызаться 4. указывает на сдерживание или задержку; to hold back the tears сдерживать слезы; to hold back wages задерживать зарплату by 1. мимо; Не passed by without a word. Он прошел мимо, не сказав ни слова. 2. близко, рядом; No one was by. Рядом никого не было; to stand by стоять рядом 3. в сторону; Stand (Step) by! Отойдите! Посторонитесь! 4. придает глаголам to put, to set, to lay значение откладывать; to put by money копить деньги; Put the work by for the moment. Отложите пока эту работу. 9 down указывает на 1. 1) движение вниз вниз; передается тж. глагольными приставками; to come down сойти вниз; to bend down наклониться, нагнуться; Is the elevator going down? На этом лифте можно спуститься?; to take sth down снять (спустить) что-л.; He took the picture down from the wall. Он снял картину со стены; to take sb down проводить кого-л. вниз 2) движение из вертикального положения в горизонтальное и т. п.; to lie down лечь; to sit down сесть 3) движение от центра, из столицы, от говорящего и т. п.; further down еще дальше в ту сторону; down to the country в деревню; to go down уехать из Лондона, уехать в провинцию; to come down for a weekend приехать на дачу на уик-энд 4) амер. движение к центру; trains going down поезда, идущие к центру города 5) движение или возвращение к обычной обстановке; When did he come down from Oxford? Когда он окончил Оксфордский университет? Когда он приехал из Оксфорда (из Оксфордского университета)? 6) движение на юг; Come down south this summer. Приезжай(те) летом к нам на юг. 2. 1) нахождение внизу внизу; Не is down. Он внизу (спустился). The shades (the blinds) are down. Шторы спущены. 2) нахождение в деревне, на некотором расстоянии от какого-л. центра или говорящего; down in the country в деревне; to live down in Hampshire жить в Гемпшире; They live down by the river. Они живут у реки. 10 3. уменьшение количества или объема, падение, снижение, ослабление, ухудшение, остановку; to go down уменьшаться; снижаться, ослабляться; портиться, ухудшаться; to die down стихать (о ветре, буре); to wear down снашиваться; to boil down (in cooking) выкипеть; to bring down the price снизить цену; The sea is down. Море успокоилось. The wind is down. Ветер улегся (стих). Bread is down. Хлеб подешевел. The machinery broke down. Оборудование вышло из строя. 4. завершенный характер действия; to write (to note, to set) sth down записать что-л.; I have it down (on paper). У меня это записано. 5. приобретение глаголом каузативного значения; to talk sb down словами успокоить кого-л.; утихомирить; to shout sb down а) перекричать кого-л.; б) криком заставить кого-л. замолчать forward вперед, дальше; to go forward продолжать; to send forward посылать вперед; to put forward продвигать, выдвигать in 1. 1) внутри; Is anyone in? Есть ли тут (там) кто-нибудь? 2) дома; у себя (на работе, в своем кабинете и т. п.); Не is not in today. Его нет сегодня (дома, на работе и т. п.). 3) внутрь, туда; передается тж. глагольными приставками; Come in! Войдите! Bring him in! Введите его! Open your bag and put the money in. Открой сумку и положи в нее деньги. 2. амер. указывает на длительность процесса; It set in to rain. Заладил дождь. 3. в сочетаниях; to be in а) прибывать; The mail is in. Почта поступила. The train isn’t in yet. Поезд еще не прибыл; б) быть 11 убранным; The harvest is in. Урожай убран; в) наступать (о сезоне); Spring is in. Наступила весна. Strawberries are in. Наступил сезон клубники. Football is over and hockey is in. Сезон футбола окончился, наступил сезон хоккея. off указывает на 1. завершенность действия 1) движение прочь, в сторону и т. п. – передается глагольными приставками от-, у-, вы-, с- и др.; to drive off уехать, отъехать; to walk off уйти; to go off on a journey отправиться в путешествие; The children ran off. Дети убежали. He pushed me off. Он оттолкнул меня. Не sent the parcel off. Он отослал посылку. 2) движение сверху вниз – передается глагольными приставками с-; со-; to fall off свалиться; to jump off спрыгнуть; to slip off соскользнуть 3) отделение части от целого – передается глагольными приставками от-, с-; to break off отломать; to shake off стряхнуть; to bite off a piece откусить кусочек; Cut the end off. Отрежьте (подрежьте) кончик. The handle (button) came off. Ручка (пуговица) оторвалась. 4) снятие предмета одежды и т. п.; Не took his coat (glasses) off. Он снял пальто (очки). 5) доведение действия до конца, до предела; to drink off выпить (до дна); to pay off one’s debt выплатить весь долг; to kill off the animals истребить животных 2. (внезапное) прекращение действия; to break off work прервать работу; to cut off supplies прекратить снабжение (поставки) 3. 1) уменьшение или сокращение; The number of visitors dropped off. Число посетителей сократилось. The profits fell off. Прибыли сократились. 12 2) утихание или ослабление; The pain passed off. Боль утихла. 3) избавление, освобождение от чего-л.; to marry (to get) one’s daughters off выдать дочерей замуж 4) выключение прибора или механизма; to turn (to switch, to put) off выключить; Switch off the light. Выключи(те) свет. Не turned off the radio. Он выключил радио. on 1. указывает на 1) нахождение на поверхности чего-л.; Tea is on. Чай подан (на столе). 2) движение на поверхность чего-л.; Put the kettle on. Поставь чайник (на плиту и т. п.). 2. указывает на 1) продолжение действия; to work (to write) on продолжать работать (писать); She sang on. Она все пела и пела. Go on! Продолжайте! Go on reading! Читай(те) дальше! The war still went on. Война все шла (продолжалась). 2) продвижение вперед – в пространственном и временном значении вперед; Go on! Идите вперед (дальше)! On, John, on! Вперед, Джон, вперед! Не sent the luggage on. Багаж он отправил вперед. Time glides on. Время бежит (незаметно). Time is getting on. Время идет. 3) приближение к какому-л. моменту к; to be well on in years быть в годах; It is getting on for six o’clock. Скоро будет шесть (часов). Не is going on for five. Ему скоро исполнится пять (лет). It was well on at night [in September]. Была глубокая ночь. [Был в разгаре сентябрь.] 4) удаление – в пространственном и временном значении; further on дальше; later on позднее, позже; from ... on начиная с; from now (that day) on начиная с сегодняшнего (того) дня 13 3. указывает на наличие или наступление действия или процесса; The game is on. Игра идет. Breakfast is on from eight to ten. Завтрак подают с восьми до десяти. 4. указывает на включенность или работу механизма, прибора, системы и т. п. – часто передается приставками в-, за-; to turn on the tap открывать кран; to switch (to turn) on the gas включить газ; The radio is on. Радио включено. 5. указывает на 1) надевание одежды или наличие ее на ком-л.; на натягивание чехла и т. п. в, на; передается тж. глагольными приставками; to have one’s hat (shoes) on быть в шляпе (ботинках); What had he on? Что на нем было (надето)? Не had his spectacles on. Он был в очках. Put on your coat. Надень пальто. 2) нанесение чего-л. на поверхность предмета в, на; передается тж. глагольными приставками; Rub this ointment on. Вотрите эту мазь. out указывает на 1. 1) отсутствие ( на месте) или нахождение за пределами чего-л. – часто передается глагольной приставкой вы-; Не is out. Его нет дома. (Он вышел.) Не left his bicycle out. Он оставил велосипед на улице. 2) движение наружу – часто передается глагольной приставкой вы-; to run out выбежать; to jump out выпрыгнуть; to fall out выпасть 2. 1) простирание, растягивание и т. п. – передается глагольными приставками раз-, рас-; Не stretched out on the sofa. Он растянулся на диване. 14 2) вытягивание – передается глагольными приставками вы-, про-; She put (held) her hand out. Она протянула руку. His legs were stretched out. Его ноги были вытянуты. 3. 1) появление чего-л. (в поле зрения) – передается глагольной приставкой вы-; The sun came out. Солнце вышло (выглянуло, появилось). 2) появление, выход или выпуск чего-л. – часто передается глагольной приставкой вы-; His book soon comes out. Скоро выйдет (из печати) его книга. The firm put out a new line of shoes. Фирма выпустила новые модели обуви. 4. пропуск, упущение или удаление чего-л. – передается глагольными приставками про-, вы-; to leave out sth пропустить (не включить) что-л.; Leave the first paragraph out. Пропустите первый абзац; to cross out a word зачеркнуть слово 5. 1) завершенность действия – часто передается глагольными приставками вы-; с-, из-, до-, от-, раз; Hear me out. Выслушайте меня до конца; to type out sth напечатать (отпечатать) что-л.; Не wrote out a check. Он выписал чек. 2) доведение действия до конца – часто передается глагольными приставками вы-, про-, до-, раз; to work out a plan разработать план; I have thought it out. Я это хорошо обдумал (продумал). 3) окончание или исчезновение чего-л. – часто передается глагольными приставками вы-, до-, про-; to die out вымирать; to burn out выгорать 6. выделение из числа других или на каком-л. фоне и т. п. – передается глагольной приставкой вы-; His height makes him stand out in a crowd. Он выделяется в толпе своим ростом. His paper was picked out from all other papers. Его доклад выбрали из всех других. 15 7. внезапность действия – часто передается глагольной приставкой вз-, вс-; Не shouted out. Он вскрикнул. 8. распределение – передается приставкой раз-, рас-; Give the tickets out. Раздайте билеты. over указывает на 1. 1) нахождение или движение над чем-л. наверху, наверх; to hang over нависать, висеть над головой; The balloon was directly over. Воздушный шар находился прямо над нами. 2) движение через что-л. – часто передается глагольной приставкой пере-; to jump over перепрыгнуть; to step over перешагнуть; to climb over into the garden перелезть через забор в сад 3) изменение положения, переворачивание, переход из вертикального положения в горизонтальное и т. п. – часто передается глагольной приставкой пере-; to roll over nepeкатывать(ся); to turn sth over перевернуть что-л. на другую сторону; to knock sb over сбить кого-л. с ног 4) переход на противоположную сторону, изменение позиции – часто передается глагольной приставкой пере-; to go over to the enemy перейти на сторону неприятеля; to sail over переплыть (на другую сторону); Не drove us over to the other side of town. Он отвез нас в другой конец города. 5) приближение к какому-л. месту или лицу или переход к чему-л. – часто передается глагольной приставкой под-; Не led her over to the window. Он подвел ее к окну. Send her over to me. Пришли ее ко мне. Take these letters over to the post office. Отнесите эти письма на почту. 2. повторение вновь, опять, еще раз; over again, over and over (again) опять, снова, много раз (подряд); Не said the same thing over and over (again). Он все время повторял одно и то 16 же; to do sth over переделывать что-л.; You’ll have to do it over (again). Тебе придется переделать это. 3. 1) тщательность выполнения действия или доведение его до конца – часто передается глагольными приставками про-, пере-; to think sth over продумать что-л.; to talk over обсудить; to check over проверить; to read a newspaper over прочитать газету (от первой до последней страницы) 2) окончание чего-л.; The lesson (the concert) is over. Урок (концерт) закончен. 4. нерешенность, незаконченность, неурегулированность; to lay over откладывать; отсрочивать; to hold over a decision откладывать принятие решения 5. распространение по всему данному месту, по всей территории и т. п. (часто all over); to be all over in dust (in mud) быть покрытым пылью (грязью) с головы до ног; to paint the wall over закрасить (покрасить) всю стену; They searched the town over. Они искали по всему городу. 6. передачу или переход чего-л. от одного лица к другому – часто передается глагольной приставкой пере-; to hand sth over to sb передать что-л. кому-л.; to take over a job from sb продолжить работу, начатую кем-л. другим round/around 1. указывает на 1) движение по кругу, спирали или на вращение кругом; to run (to fly) round бегать (летать) по кругу; The wheels went (turned) round. Колеса вертелись (вращались). 2) передачу чего-л. (по кругу), часто передается глагольными приставками об-, раз-; to hand (to pass) sth round передавать по кругу (чашу и т. п.) 3) распространение чего-л. среди группы лиц; передается глагольной приставкой раз- и др.; Hand the papers round. 17 Раздайте всем (письменные) работы. The news was soon carried round. Новость быстро распространилась. 2. указывает на 1) нахождение или распространение по всей площади, по всему району и т. п. по; all the country round no всей стране; all round кругом; The peddler went round with his goods. Разносчик ходил со своим товаром из дома в дом или из деревни в деревню и т. п. 2) осмотр дома, музея и т. п.; Let’s go into town and look round (have a look round). Давайте пойдем в город и все осмотрим. 3. указывает на 1) изменение направления или движения в противоположную сторону; Everyone turned round. Все обернулись. 2) изменение позиции, точки зрения и т. п.; to talk sb round переубедить кого-л.; We soon won him round. Мы скоро привлекли (переманили) его на свою сторону. 4. разг. указывает на приход куда-л. или к кому-л., достав-ку чего-л. куда-л.; to ask sb round for the evening пригласить кого-л. зайти вечерком; to bring sb round привести кого-л. с собой; I’ll call round at eight. Я зайду в восемь. Come round and see me. Заходите в гости. through указывает на 1. 1) сквозное движение насквозь; soaked (wet) through промокший насквозь; chilled through продрогший до костей, окоченевший от холода 2) движение до конечного пункта (о поездах и т. п.) прямо, до места, до пункта назначения; The next train goes (runs) through to В. Следующий поезд идет прямо до В. 3) устранение препятствий для въезда, входа, включения и т. п.; to let sb through впустить кого-л.; England are through to the semifinal. Англия вышла в полуфинал. 18 2. совершение действия в течение целого периода времени весь, целый; Не studied the whole summer through. Он занимался все лето. 3. совершение действия (от начала) до конца или на его исчерпывающий характер до конца; передается тж. глагольными приставками про-, за-, с- и др.; to look sth through просмотреть что-л. до конца; to sing a song through спеть всю песню; Не heard the speech through without interruption. Он прослушал всю речь, не перебивая. up 1. указывает на движение 1) снизу вверх вверх, наверх; передается тж. глагольной приставкой под-; Will you carry the box up? Отнесите, пожалуйста, этот ящик наверх; to fly up взлететь; Lift your head up. Поднимите голову; выше голову. Look up. Взгляните наверх. The temperature has gone up. Температура поднялась. 2) в город, в столицу или в какой-л. центр в; to go up to town поехать в город (в центр); to go up to the university (to Oxford, to Cambridge) поехать (поступать) в университет (в Оксфорд, в Кембридж) 3) в глубь страны, территории, с юга на север, к верховью реки в глубь (территории); в; на; по; The army marched up the country. Армия продвигалась (двигалась) в глубь страны; to go up North поехать на север; to sail up the Thames плыть вверх по Темзе 2. указывает на 1) нахождение наверху наверху, вверху; What are you doing up there? Что вы делаете там наверху? The plane is up. Самолет (находится) в воздухе. 2) нахождение в городе, столице или в каком-л. центре в; up in London в Лондоне; up at Oxford в Оксфорде; up at the university в университете 19 3) нахождение в глубине страны, территории и т. п. и в более северном районе; to live up in Scotland жить в Шотландии 3. указывает на 1) изменение положения из горизонтального в вертикальное, из лежачего в стоячее – часто передается глагольной приставкой вс-; to get up а) вставать (с постели); б) подниматься (со стула); Не isn’t up yet. Он еще не встал; to sit up сесть (из лежачего положения); to stand up встать 2) бодрствование; to be (to stay) up till late поздно лечь (спать); не ложиться допоздна; to be up all night не ложиться всю ночь 4. указывает на приближение к кому-л., чему-л. к; часто передается тж. глагольной приставкой под-; The automobile drove up. Автомобиль подъехал. Не came up and asked the way. Он подошел и спросил, как пройти. 5. указывает на 1) увеличение стоимости, повышение оценки и т. п. – часто передается глагольной приставкой под-; to go up in price подняться в цене 2) продвижение, повышение в чине, ранге и т. п. или на высокое положение; to come (to move) up in the world занять более высокое место в обществе 6. указывает на 1) появление, возникновение или сооружение чего-л.; Many new cities have sprung up in our country. В нашей стране появилось много новых городов; to put up a monument воздвигать памятник 2) возбуждение какого-л. действия или процесса – часто передается глагольными приставками вс-, воз-, раз-; to blow up the fire раздуть огонь; to bring up a new topic поднять новый вопрос 20 3) увеличение интенсивности действия, активности процесса, громкости голоса и т. п.; Sing up! Пой(те) громче! Speak up! Говори(те) громче! Hurry up! Поторопи(те)сь! Cheer up! He унывай(те)! 7. указывает на истечение срока; Parliament is up. Сессия парламента закрылась. Your time is up. Ваше время истекло. His leave is up. Его отпуск кончился. The month was up yesterday. Месяц окончился вчера. 8. указывает на завершенность действия, доведение его до конца до конца, полностью, совершенно; часто передается глагольными приставками; to drink (to eat) up выпить (съесть) все (до конца); to buy up скупать; The stream has dried up. Ручей (совершенно) пересох; to tear up a letter разорвать письмо; to boil up вскипятить 9. имеет усилительное значение; to invite sb up for dinner пригласить кого-л. к обеду; to wake up просыпаться; to fill up a glass наполнить стакан; to gather up the books собрать книги; The party ended up with a dance. Вечер закончился танцами; to praise sb up расхваливать кого-л. 21 PHRASAL (MULTI-WORD) VERBS account account for объяснять to give an explanation of sth He has behaved in the most extraordinary way; I can’t account for his actions at all/I can’t account for his behaving like that. allow allow for предусматривать; учитывать; принимать во внимание; делать поправку на (что-л.) to include sb/sth when calculating sth It will take about an hour to get there, allowing for traffic delays. All these factors must be allowed for. answer answer back 1. дерзить, грубить (в ответ на замечание); огрызаться to speak rudely to sb in authority, especially when they are criticizing you or telling you to do sth Don’t answer back! Stop answering your mother back. 2. ответить ударом на удар; не давать спуску to defend yourself against criticism He was given the chance to answer back in a radio interview. ask ask after осведомляться to say that you would like to know how sb is, what they are doing, etc. He always asks after you in his letters. 22 ask around амер. расспрашивать to speak to a number of different people in order to try and get some information I don’t know of any vacancies in the company but I’ll ask around. ask for спрашивать, хотеть видеть (кого-л.) to say that you want to speak to sb or be directed to a place When you arrive, ask for Jane. ask in приглашать кого-л. пройти (войти) в дом и т. п. to invite sb to enter the house Mrs Sutton asked me in. ask out приглашать (куда-л.) to invite sb to go out with you, especially as a way of starting a romantic relationship He’s too shy to ask her out. ask over/round приглашать в гости to invite sb to come and visit you What if he asks you over for the evening? I’ll ask Sylvia Wicks round for a drink. attend attend to заботиться (о ком-л., чём-л.); следить (за кем-л., чем-л.) to deal with sb/sth; to take care of sb/sth; see to I have some urgent business to attend to. Are you being attended to, Sir? 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. She asked me ... on Friday,’ said the Count. 2. He rang the office and asked ... Cynthia. 3. The vicar went across the hall to ask Mrs Daniels … . 4. She asked … but no one seemed to know where the little boy had gone. 5. She asked ... my father. 6. Go to the office and ask ... my secretary. 7. He didn’t ask me ...; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 8. She had a lot of friends and was usually asked ... in the evenings, so she seldom spent an evening at home. 9. I hoped he could ask me ... to his house. 10. She asked ... his health. 11. One evening he asked me ... to inspect the house. 12. A nurse attended ... his needs constantly. 13. If we do not attend ... the problem, 23 it will certainly grow. 14. If you are self-employed, allow ... tax and national insurance. 15. How do you account ... the show’s success? 16. What do you do with a child who answers ... ? 2. Translate into English. 1. Когда будешь писать, не забудь справиться (узнать) о ее здоровье. 2. Они никогда не приглашают меня к себе. 3. Он спросил меня, можно ли увидеть декана. 4. Кто-нибудь спрашивал меня? 5. Он пригласил меня пообедать в ресторане. 6. Я не знаю, но поспрашивайте (прохожих), кто-нибудь должен знать. 7. Наши соседи пригласили нас в гости. 8. Дурной характер часто объясняется возрастом. 9. Я не могу объяснить его поведения. 10. Он не находил объяснения своей нелепой ошибке. 11. С учетом дорожных заторов (пробок) путь до станции займет тридцать минут. 12. Если вы уйдете, кто присмотрит за ребенком? – Не беспокойтесь, все будет устроено. 13. Мне нужно заняться одним срочным делом. be be about быть поблизости, неподалеку to be nearby Не is somewhere about. be about (to do sth) собираться сделать что-л. to be on the point of doing sth We were just about to leave when you telephoned. be after 1. (sb) преследовать, пытаться поймать кого-л. to chase The police were after him. 2. (sth) покушаться на что-л., стремиться завладеть чeм-л. to want, to try to gain He’s after a job at our place. Let’s assume that they are really after information and not scandal. 24 be against быть против to be opposed to (often used with gerund) I’m against doing anything till the police arrive. be away отсутствовать, быть в отъезде to be away from home/ this place for at least a night You’ll have to call again. The director is away on business. be back вернуться to (have) return(ed) I have to go now, but I’ll be back soon. be down 1. быть внизу (в столовой) to be downstairs (no longer upstairs) He is not down yet. (He has not finished dressing, etc.) Is he up yet? – Yes, he is up (out of bed) and down (from the dressing room). 2. быть не столице, в провинции, на периферии Have you been down to see Robin Hill? 3. 1) спускать(ся), опускать(ся) to go down, to be lowered (of blinds, curtains) . The blinds are down. 2) заходить, садиться (о солнце) to set (of sun) The sun was nearly down. 4. 1) уменьшаться в объеме, количестве, понижаться (о ценах) to decrease in amount The yield of cotton is down compared with last year. 2) ослабевать, утихать, успокаиваться to decrease in intensity (of wind, temperature, etc.) The wind is down. The sea is down (is not rough). 25 5. be down (with) болеть to have or catch an illness Mrs Ryan was down with flu. be for стоять или быть за to be in favour of (often used with gerund) I am for doing nothing till the police arrive. be in быть дома, на работе, в помещении to be at home/ in this building Is Mr Baxter in? be in for находиться в ожидании чего-л. (особ. неприятного) to expect sth (usu. bad) We are in for a storm. Грозы не миновать. She is in for a rude awakening. Ее ожидает горькое разочарование. be off 1. уходить, отправляться to leave I must be off. The train is off. 2. быть свободным от работы to be free from work I am off for the afternoon today. 3. быть отмененным, аннулированным to be cancelled, finished The meeting is off. 4. быть отключенным (о воде, электричестве и т. п.) to be no longer on The electricity was off yesterday. be on 1. гореть, быть зажженным, включенным (о свете, газе и т. п.) to be switched on All the lights were on. 2. идти (о спектакле, фильме); демонстрироваться to be shown (of films, plays) There is a good film on at our club. 26 3. происходить, иметь место to be happening, to take place What’s on? (what’s going on, what’s happening?) The exhibition will be on next week. be out 1. не быть дома, на работе; отсутствовать not to be at one’s home, office He is out at the moment. I was out at the pictures. 2. погаснуть, быть выключенным (о свете, газе и т. п.) to be switched off The fire is out. 3. раскрываться, стать известным to become known, to be revealed It’s no use trying to keep it back. The news will be out anyway. 4. выйти из печати to be published My book is out at last. 5. (of) испытывать недостаток, не иметь to be short of sth, to lack sth The money is out. I’m out of cigarettes. be over окончиться, завершиться to come to an and The storm is over now; we can go. be through (with) кончать что-л., покончить с чем-л. или кем-л. to have finished (a relationship, job, etc.) He is through with his work. I’m through with that fellow. be up 1. встать, проснуться; быть на ногах, бодрствовать to be out of bed I am always up at seven o’clock. 27 2. допоздна не ложиться спать, бодрствовать not to go to bed (usu. late); stay up I’ve been up with him all night. 3. подниматься, быть поднятым to be lifted, to have risen The blinds are up. 4. быть в центре, в столице, в городе (в противоположность сельской местности) My dear Irene – I have to be up in town tomorrow. 5. подняться, достигнуть высокого положения to rise The shares are up today. He is up in the world now. 6. истекать (о сроке), заканчиваться, прекратиться to expire (of time, holiday, agreement) Time is up. My leave is up. 7. случаться, происходить to be going on (usu. interrog.) What’s up? В чем дело, что случилось? Something is up. Что-то происходит, что-то случилось. be up to 1. замышлять, затевать что-л. to do (usu. sth wrong) What are the children up to? I’m going to tell his parents what he’s been up to. 2. быть на уровне, подходить to be equal to He is not up to his father as a scholar. I’m quite up to the work, Mr Soames. 3. быть возложенным на кого-л. (об ответственности); зависеть от кого-л. to depend on; to be one’s responsibility or duty It’s up to the government to take action on violence. I have helped you as much as I can. Now it’s up to you. (You must continue by your own efforts.) 28 4. быть в состоянии что-л. сделать to be physically capable of doing sth I’m sorry, but I’m so tired that I am really not up to going to the theatre with you tonight. be with (sb) 1. поддерживать кого-л. to support sb I’ll be with you in all your misfortunes. 2. понимать; следовать за тем, что говорят to be able to understand what sb is talking about Are you with me? I’m afraid I’m not quite with you. be with (sb, sth) работать у кого-л., где-л. (по найму) I’m with a shipping firm. She’s been with a touring company for three years. 1. Fill in the correct adverb(s). Translate the sentences. 1. The decision’s not … … her, it’s … … her manager. 2. I want to see Mrs Pitt. Is she ...? – No, I’m afraid she’s ... at the moment. (or No, I’m afraid she’s ... for the weekend.) – When will she be ...? – She’ll be ... in half an hour/next week. 3. Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sunday morning. She won’t be ... . 4. As soon as the examinations are ... we are going away on holiday. 5. Shall I marry him? – It’s … … you. I can’t very well decide for you. 6. She wants to do all the work herself but I don’t think she is … ... it. 7. He is … … a shock. 8. What have you been … …? Where have you been? What will Mamma think? 9. I’m ... keeping quiet and saying nothing. 10. The light is ... . 11. The water is ... . 12. I’ve been ... this firm for five years. 13. It was … … Roger to make sure all the doors and windows were locked. 14. I’d better be ... . I’m afraid I might be late. 15. We hired a boat for an hour and when the time was ..., we returned it. 16. We’re all ... you one hundred per cent. 17. I can never make him out. I wonder what he is ... ... . 18. I have just seen her. She must be somewhere ... . 19. The doctor is ... now; he’s making his rounds. 20. I knew him well enough to guess by the look on his face that he was … … something. 21. Martin is ... career, not culture. 22. Are you 29 ... or ... this plan? 23. We saw Father looking angrily out of the broken window, and we knew we were … … it. 24. He looks guilty. What do you think he’s been … …? 25. He’s ... in the guests’ room. 26. I’ve done what I could. It’s … …you to make a choice now. 27. The freezer was ...; all the food would spoil. 28. We are … … cold winter. 29. The kids are very quiet. Are they … … something? 30. When will you be ... ? I want to know in case somebody rings up. 31. He’s been ... his work once or twice I know, but I don’t think it was from sickness. 32. Sarah’s ... in India somewhere. 33. The wedding is ... . 34. What’s ... TV? 35. We were without electricity for three hours but it’s ... again now. 36. There was a war ... at the time. 37. I’m nearly ... with the book. 38. The prices are ... now. 39. Time’s ... . Stop writing and hand in your papers. 40. I could tell something was ... by the looks on their faces. 41. That’s the very number we’re ... . 42. He was ... on business. 43. I’m all ... seeing as much as possible. 44. Tom was ... at once. 45. The radio was ... the whole day. 46. The light was ... in the basement. 47. This lamp has been ... since eleven. 48. The strike’s ... . 49. All is ... between us. 50. They are ... with the job. 51. His contract’s ... at the end of the season. 52. I was just ... to ask you the same thing. 53. Mary is not ... yet. 54. Joe had seen her that afternoon after the news was ... . 55. The birthrate is very much … . 56. The temperature is ... . 57. I had just been ... with fever. 58. I’ll be ... in half an hour. Wait for me. 59. We’re ... of milk. 60. Will you get me some matches? My pipe’s ... . 61. We’re going ... to New York for the day. 2. Translate into English. 1. Когда я позвонил, мне ответили, что хозяина нет, он вышел. 2. Собрание закончилось до десяти часов. 3. Поезд ушел. 4. Забастовка продолжается. 5. Он метит на мое место. 6. Он охотится за ее деньгами. 7. Кто за то, чтобы идти домой? 8. Я против того, чтобы приглашать его на день рождения. 9. Мальчики что-то затевают. 10. Вторую половину дня мы были свободны. 11. Он сказал, что поездка не состоится. 12. Свет выключен. 13. Вода перекрыта. 14. Выключили весь свет (горели все лампы, было полное освещение). 15. Сейчас этот новый художественный фильм уже идет (вышел на экраны). 16. Что сегодня идет в театре (кино)? 17. Полиция преследовала его. 18. Он не 30 справляется со своей работой. 19. Он, должно быть, где-нибудь поблизости. Поищите его в саду. 20. Сдайте работы. Время истекло. 21. “Никогда не знаешь, чем займется этот ребенок через минуту”, – сказала бабушка сердито. 22. Долг родителей должным образом воспитывать детей. 23. Меня не было дома. Я ходил в кино. 24. В тот день, когда я ему звонил, он не работал. 25. Неудивительно, что она чувствует себя усталой. Она на ногах с шести часов утра. 26. Подождите меня у лифта. Я подойду через десять минут. 27. “Я вижу, что ты задумал, – сказал Том. – В любом случае я тебя поддержу”. 28. Интересно, почему он отказался объяснить свое поведение, теперь его ожидает выговор. 29. Я за то, чтобы начать ремонт в апреле. 30. Огонь потух. 31. Игра идет. 32. Машина работала. 33. Ты следишь за ходом моей мысли или мне повторить еще раз? 34. Я работаю в страховой компании. 35. Я не в состоянии сегодня заниматься уборкой квартиры. 36. Что с ним происходит? Он взбешен. 37. Пообедаем в ресторане или дома? – Ты сама решай. 38. Я закончил статью. 39. Учиться или нет – твое дело. 40. Мы пойдем с тобой до конца. 41. Вы не сможете с ним увидеться на этой неделе. Он в отъезде. 42. Машина не в порядке. Посмотри, в чем дело. 43. В этом году стоимость проезда в автобусе снова возрастет. 44. Концерт окончен. 45. Тайна раскрыта. 46. За последнее время цены на часы значительно снижены. 47. Ты не дашь мне спичек? – Извини, у меня нет сегодня спичек. 48. Он очень хочет получить эту должность. 49. Солнце зашло (закатилось). 50. Шторы спущены. 51. Хлеб подешевел. blow blow up взрывать(ся) to destroy sth by an explosion; to explode They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldn’t follow them. Just as we got to the bridge it blew up. boil boil away выкипеть to change into steam The water had all boiled away and the kettle was empty. 31 boil over убегать через край (о жидкости) to rise and flow over the sides of the container (used only of hot liquids) The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning. branch branch out расширить дело, открыть (новый цех, отдел и т. п.) to start to do an activity that you have not done before, especially in your work or business I decided to branch out on my own. break break down 1. сломать, разрушить; сбить to smash down, to demolish Firefighters had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 2. сломаться, разрушиться, выйти из строя (о машине и т. п.); потерпеть аварию to stop working The car has broken down again. 3. ухудшаться, сдавать (о здоровье) to become very bad Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 4. потерпеть неудачу, провалиться to fail Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 5. не выдержать, потерять самообладание, расплакаться to lose control of feelings (of people) David broke down and wept when he heard the news. break in, break into врываться, вламываться to enter by force Thieves broke in and stole the silver. The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday. break off внезапно прервать (разговор, знакомство и т. п.) to end sth suddenly Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom. They broke off the conversation. 32 break out 1. вспыхивать (о пожаре, войне, эпидемии) to begin suddenly A fire broke out during the night. 2. вырываться, убегать to escape from a place Several prisoners broke out of the jail. break up 1. расходиться (о собрании, компании и т. п.) to go away in different directions The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock. 2. распадаться, разваливаться (о семье, империи, дружбе и т. п.) to come to an end Their marriage has broken up. 3. закрывать на каникулы; распускать на каникулы to stop for holidays (of schools, etc.) When do you break up for Christmas? break with (sb, sth) порывать отношения с кем-л., чем-л. to cease associating with sb, to do away with sth He has broken with all his old friends. It’s difficult for him to break with his old habit. bring bring about вызывать, быть причиной to make sth happen; cause What brought about the change in his attitude? bring back 1. приносить обратно, возвращать to return sb/sth Please bring back all library books by the end of the week. 2. напоминать to make sb remember sth or think about it again The story brought back the days of their friendship. 33 bring out опубликовать, издать (книгу и т. п.) to produce sth; to publish sth When are you going to bring out your new book? bring round привести в себя, в сознание to make sb who is unconscious become conscious again She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round. bring up воспитывать, растить to educate and train children I brought up two children alone. brush brush up (or brush on) освежать знания to quickly improve a skill, especially when you have not used it for a time I must brush up (on) my Spanish before I go to Seville. build build up 1. нагнетать (атмосферу), нарастать to increase in amount, size, or intensity All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with stress. The noise built up until Mary couldn’t stand it any longer. 2. укреплять (свое) здоровье и т. п. to make sb/yourself healthier or stronger You need more protein to build you up. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. The fire broke ... early this morning and destroyed many buildings in the city centre. 2. School breaks ... for the summer on June 18. 3. The jewellery shop in Lewis Street has been broken ... three times this year. 4. Mary broke ... her engagement to Bob. 5. They locked him in a room but he broke ... . 6. Tom and Mary broke ... last month and Mary is still very upset. 7. A fire broke ... after the football 34 match yesterday. 8. Mum’s TV has broken ... . 9. The police broke ... and arrested all the brothers. 10. Tim and I broke ... . 11. Men seem to be more skilled at breaking ... relationships with women. 12. Two men wearing masks broke ... Boyd’s Bank and stole ₤ 100,000. 13. At the funeral the boy’s mother broke ... and started crying. 14. My car broke ... on the motorway and I had to walk to a garage. 15. The old cars were broken ... for their metal and parts. 16. The thieves broke ... through the back door. 17. The alarm went off as soon as they tried to break ... the house. 18. Divorce breaks ... a lot of families. 19. We’re lucky, we break ... quite early. 20. People started to leave at 11 o’clock and the party finally broke ... at midnight. 21. The end of the war brought ... great changes. 22. When he became rich, he broke ... his former friends. 23. The milk is boiling ... . 24. The police station was blown ... by the terrorists. 25. He brought me ... in his car. 26. The band have just brought ... their second album. 27. He was brought ... by his aunt. 28. Nobody was making any attempt to bring her ... . 29. Seeing the place again would bring all the horrors ... to me. 30. The Administration helped bring ... a peaceful settlement. 31. The talks broke ... over differences on doctrine. 32. He was afraid he was going to break ... and cry. 33. Brush ... your English! 34. The company has now branched ... into selling insurance. 35. We hepled to build ... the wealth of this country. 36. We must build him ... before he can go home. 2. Translate into English. 1. Компания вскоре разошлась. 2. В доках вспыхнула забастовка. 3. В 1939 г. разразилась война. 4. Он порвал отношения с фирмой. 5. Он порвал с прошлым. 6. Они сбили (выломали) дверь. 7. Она вдруг не выдержала и расплакалась. 8. Помолвка расстроилась. 9. Пора кончать работу. 10. Воры проникли в банк в полночь. 11. Вечеринка кончилась (и гости разошлись). 12. Он не выдержал (потерял самообладание). 13. Мы повалили (сломали) этот забор. 14. Она внезапно замолчала. 15. Мой велосипед сломался. 16. Конференция заканчивается. 17. Занятия кончаются (и начинаются каникулы). 18. Группа заключенных совершила побег. 19. Несколько дней тому назад была выпущена первая книга этого молодого поэта. 20. Она вырастила троих детей. 21. Вскоре доктор привел ее в чувство. 35 22. Его рассказ напомнил о нашем счастливом детстве. 23. Вчера он вернул мою пишущую машинку. 24. Что вызвало эту ссору? 25. Молоко сбежало. 26. Мост взорвался. 27. Мне нужно подзаняться французским языком. 28. Их давление на нас усиливается. 29. Сон восстановит энергию. call call at (a place) заходить куда-л. to pay a short visit usu. on some business I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money. call back позвонить по телефону ( в ответ на звонок) to telephone sb again or to telephone sb who telephoned you earlier She said she’d call back. call for 1. заходить за (кем-л. или чем-л.) to visit a place to collect a person or thing I’ll call for you at seven o’clock. 2. требовать, взывать к (чему-л.) to require The situation calls for attention. call in вызывать, приглашать (кого-л. для консультации и т. п.) to ask sb to come and do sth for you; send for When he grew worse we called in a second doctor. call off отменять (о встречах, собраниях и т. п.) to cancel The flight was called off. They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on. call on (a person) заходить к кому-л. to pay a visit When did he call on you last? call out объявлять громко; выкрикивать to shout He called out each name twice. ‘Come in,’ he called out from the balcony. 36 call round/call over заходить; навещать, посещать to make a short visit to a person or place I called round to a dozen places to get the proper size of bulb. It’s OK, we’ll be calling over shortly anyway. call up 1. звонить по телефону to telephone; phone up, ring up I called him up and asked if he had any news. 2. призывать (в армию) to make sb do their training in the army Young people are called up at eighteen. calm calm down успокаивать(ся) to become or to make sb calm Look, calm down! We’ll find her. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I’m going to a pop concert with Tom. He is calling ... me at eight so I must be ready then. 2. I’m waiting for someone to call me ... with a price. 3. They have called ... their engagement. 4. The game was called ... because of bad weather. 5. He called ... all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign the petition. 6. I called him ... and asked if they had any news. 7. I was extremely lucky not to be called ... at the time. 8. One boy rushed forward, calling ... his father’s name. 9. The radio had an open line on which listeners could call ... to discuss various issues. 10. If it rains, the tennis match will have to be called ... . 11. Don’t bother to call me ... or ring me. 12. The four of us called ... him in his room. 13. They called me ... for questioning. 14. The ship will call ... several ports. 15. She said she’d call ... . 16. The situation calls ... prompt action. 17. I’ll call ... and see you on my way home. 18. He took a few deep breaths to calm himself … . 19. I’ve called ... to report what I’ve done. 2. Translate into English. 1. Вы часто навещаете своих друзей? 2. Я вам потом позвоню. 3. Я зайду за вами в шесть часов. 4. Наши новые соседи при37 ходили к нам на прошлой неделе. 5. Она позвала на помощь. 6. Если вы знаете ответ, поднимите руку, не кричите с места. 7. Не заходите за ним. Он придет прямо на стадион. 8. Вас просят зайти за костюмом через неделю. 9. Вам придется зайти к директору на следующей неделе. 10. Зайдите ко мне в контору в 3 часа. 11. Вам придется зайти к нему еще раз. Сейчас его нет. 12. Почему был отменен этот рейс? 13. Мы должны пригласить врача. 14. Ваш друг сказал, что он еще раз позвонит. 15. Он окликнул меня. 16. Я позвоню вам завтра вечером. 17. Сегодняшний матч отменен. 18. Когда началась война, их призвали. 19. Заходите, когда у вас будет время. 20. Мать успокоила испуганного ребенка. care care for 1. заботиться (о ком-л., о чем-л.) to look after (not much used except in the passive) Pets must be properly cared for. 2. любить; питать интерес к (кому-л., чему-л.) to like (seldom used in the affirmative) He doesn’t care for films about war. not to care about быть безразличным к чему-л. to be indifferent to The professor said that he was interested only in research; he didn’t really care about students. carry be/get carried away увлечься to get very excited or lose control of one’s feelings I got carried away and started shouting at the television. carry on продолжать to continue He carried on working after everyone else had gone home. The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment. 38 carry out 1. доводить до конца, завершать to do and complete a task Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient. 2. выполнять (план, приказ, обещание) to fulfil (a plan, promise, threat, etc.) He read the instructions but he didn’t carry them out. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I didn’t mean to buy so much but I got carried ... .2. The first experiments were carried ... by Dr Preston McLendon. 3. Are you telling me to carry ... with my investigation? 4. They can’t be allowed to be carried ... by their feelings. 5. They have to carry ... many administrative duties. 6. It was the worst possible place to carry ... his research. 7. The guest speaker was not in the least disturbed, but he carried ... reading from his prepared script. 8. Carry … … your work while I’m away. 9. He carried ... peeling the potatoes. 10. She doesn’t care ... environment issues. 11. She moved back home to care ... her elderly parents. 12. He cared ... her more than she realized. 13. Would you care ... another drink? 14. He didn’t drink, he didn’t care ... the taste of it. 15. Here is a young man whom I care ... and who cares ... me. 16. The house looked well cared ... . 2. Translate into English. 1. Его речь увлекла нас. 2. Когда он начинает петь, забываешь обо всем (остальном). 3. Рассказ захватил его. 4. Ее красота заставила его потерять голову. 5. Гнев ослепил его. 6. Он продолжил работу своего отца. 7. Мы продолжим наш разговор завтра. 8. Продолжайте работу, пока меня не будет. 9. Его долго не было, и они решили продолжить без него. 10. Они продолжали (не прекращали) говорить. 11. Никогда не давай обещаний, которые не собираешься выполнять. 12. Он успешно справился с работой. 13. Боюсь, что он приведет угрозу в исполнение.14. Больные требуют ухода. 15. Не беспокойтесь по поводу расходов. 16. Он не интересуется музыкой (равнодушен к музыке). 17. Мне это глубоко безразлично. 18. Я не ин39 тересуюсь садоводством. 19. Она его сколько-нибудь любит? 20. Он никого и ничего не любит. 21. Какая музыка вам больше всего нравится? catch catch on (to sth) paзг. понимать; улавливать, схватывать (суть) to understand sth He is very quick to catch on to things. He’ll catch on eventually. catch up with догнать, нагнать (кого-л.) to reach the same place (level) as I started last in the race but I soon caught up with the others. check check in регистрировать; записывать; регистрироваться (в гостинице, на собрании и т. п.) I checked in at the Gordon Hotel. check out отметиться при уходе с работы по окончании рабочего дня; расплатиться в гостинице и уехать Guests should check out of their rooms by noon. cheer cheer up ободрять; поддерживать; утешать to make sb/ sth more cheerful Oh, come on – cheer up! Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up. chop chop up рубить (сечкой и т. п.); крошить; нарезать, шинковать to cut sth into pieces Chop the carrots up into small pieces. clean clean out очищать (путем опорожнения) to clean the inside of sth thoroughly; clear out Clean out your desk. 40 clean up убирать to remove dirt, etc. from somewhere; clear up He always expected other people to clean up after him. clear clear away убирать (часто со стола) to remove articles in order to make space He cleared away and made coffee. Brody stood up and began to clear away the soup bowls. clear out очищать, убирать to make sth empty and clean by removing things or throwing things away; clean out I’ll clear out this drawer and you can put your things in it. clear up 1. убирать, приводить в порядок to make sth tidy and clean; clean up It’s time to clear up. Clear up your own mess! 2. выяснять, разрешать, улаживать to solve, to explain, to settle The mystery was cleared up at last. Inspector Standish was trying to clear up a tiresome problem. I went to clear the matter up with him. 3. проясняться (о погоде) to become fine or bright I hope it clears up this afternoon. I’m going back till the weather clears up. close close down закрывать, прекращать работу; ликвидировать (предприятие); закрываться, ликвидироваться to close; shut down They’re closing down my old school. Trade was so bad that many shops closed down. 41 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I don’t like the dead branches lying about, we must clear them ... . 2. There’ll be plenty of room in that closet when it’s cleared ... . 3. I’m fed up with clearing ... after you. 4. I found the letters when I was clearing ... after my father died. 5. We hoped to clear ... the mystery. 6. When are you going to clear all that rubbish ... of the greenhouse? 7. ‘I got out the vacuum cleaner,’ she said, ‘to clear ... that pile of dust in the studio.’ 8. It’s high time you cleared ... the chest of drawers. 9. The room needs clearing ... after the party. 10. You’ve missed a whole term; you’ll have to work hard to catch … … the rest of the class. 11. Please check ... an hour before departure. 12. The following morning he checked ... . 13. She checked ... of the hotel and took the train to Paris. 14. Soak the plants, then chop them ... as small as you can. 15. She cheered ... a little as Miss Livingstone went out. 16. She bought strawberries to cheer herself ... . 17. He cleaned the room ... before leaving. 18. I spent three days cleaning ... our flat. 19.1 was cleaning ... my desk at the office on my last day there. 20. Who’s going to clean ... this mess? 21.1 must clean the fish tank ... . 22. If the firms failed to make enough money they would close ... . 23. They finally caught … … our game. 2. Translate the sentences. 1. Я слишком устала, чтобы заниматься уборкой квартиры. 2. Тайна еще не раскрыта. 3. Уберите, пожалуйста, чайную посуду. 4. Выньте, пожалуйста, все вещи из буфета и протрите их. 5. Она решила выкинуть всю старую посуду 6. Погода прояснилась. 7. Доклад будет готов завтра. Нужно выяснить некоторые вопросы. 8. Ты все убрала из кухни? Мы начинаем белить потолок. 9. Разбери все на письменном столе. У тебя там страшный беспорядок. 10. Нужно все выяснить прежде, чем начинать эту работу. 11. Ты еще не убрала со стола, Аня? Поторопись, мы можем опоздать на поезд. 12. Я уберу тарелки, и тогда они смогут работать за столом. 13. Освободи (очисти) комнату. 14. Небо прояснилось. 15. Он много работает, чтобы догнать остальных. 16. Вам следует зарегистрироваться в аэропорту за час до вылета. 17. Подготовьте счет, я уезжаю. 18. Порежь свеклу на мелкие части. 19. Вы не должны унывать. 20. Я собираюсь навестить 42 отца, его надо приободрить. 21. Пора бы вам разобрать ящики своего письменного стола. 22. Я бы хотела, чтобы ты убрал за собой (весь хлам) после починки велосипеда. 23. Фабрика закрылась в прошлом году. 24. До него не сразу доходит (суть). 25. Она понимает (улавливает) вашу мысль. come come about происходить, случаться to happen Can you tell me how the accident came about? come across 1. встречать, находить неожиданно to meet or find sb/sth by chance I came across children sleeping under bridges. She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 2. come across (as) производить/создавать впечатление to make a particular impression He came across as a sympathetic person. come back возвращаться to return They are coming back on Sunday. come down приезжать из столицы (центра) в провинцию, из университета домой to come from one place to another; usually from the north of a country to the south, or from a larger place to a smaller one He came down to the country cottage for the weekend. He is coming down (from) Oxford at Easter. come /go down with амер. разг. заболеть (чем-л.) to get an illness that is not very serious I think I’m coming down with (the) flu. come for заходить за кем-л./чем-л. to fetch, to pick up I said I would come for Dolly in the afternoon. I’ll come for the sandwiches later. 43 come from (of) принадлежать к, происходить из to belong to He comes from (of) a poor family. come in, come into входить куда-л. to enter a room or house Somebody knocked on my door and I said, ‘Come in.’ Come into the garden and I’ll show you my roses. come into получать в наследство to inherit He came into the property when his uncle died. come off отрываться (о пуговице и т. п.) to become separated from sth When I tried to lift the jug, the handle came off in my hand. come on/along в грам. знач. междометия разг. ну-ка, ну давай used in orders to tell sb to hurry or to try harder Come on/along, or we’ll be late. Давай-давай, а то опоздаем. Come on, children, let’s have a little quiet. Ну-ка, ребята, не шумите. Oh, come on, be serious! Хватит, брось шутки! come out 1. выходить to step out, to become visible Come out, I can’t see you there. 2. выходить из печати to be published (of newspapers, books, plays, etc.) The book came out in June. 3. обнаруживаться, становиться известным to become known His secret came out. come over/round зайти ненадолго, заглянуть (в гости) to visit sb for a short time Come over and see us sometime. Would you like to come round tomorrow evening? 44 come round/to прийти в себя, очнуться to become conscious again Your mother hasn’t yet come round from the anaesthetic. That’s all I remember, until I came to in a lifeboat. come up (to) 1. подходить to move towards sb He came up to me and asked for a light. 2. приезжать в столицу, в университет; приезжать с окраины в город или с периферии в центр to come from one place to another; especially from the south of a country to the north or from a smaller place to a larger one They came up to London a week ago. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. While she was cleaning, she came ... a pair of gold earrings. 2. We are having such a wonderful time here in Barbados that we’d like to come ... next summer. 3. Why don’t you come ... for a cup of coffee? 4. When we found him he was unconscious but he came ... in half an hour and explained that he had been attacked and robbed. 5. He comes ... London. 6. Come ..., or we’ll be late. 7. Come ...! The taxi’s waiting. 8. She came ... with pneumonia. 9. During the interview she came ... as efficient and decisive. 10. Has he come ... the book yet? 11. Jeremy came ... looking worried. 12. The wheel of the car came ... in the middle of the road. 13. The full story came ... at the trial. 14. When is her new novel coming ...? 15. A man came ... to us. 16. Why don’t you come ... to our place? 17. Why don’t you come ... to Scotland for a few days? 18. The rain stopped and the sun came ... . 19. She came ... a fortune when her aunt died. 20. She is the most difficult woman I have ever come ... . 21. Come ..., Andy, give us a smile. 22. Come ... later and we’ll show you our wedding photos. 23. They came ... the bookstore. 24. All the wallpaper’s coming ... . 25. He wasn’t coming ... as the idiot I had expected him to be. 26. He came ... from the war. 27. Where do you come ...? 28. She came ... some money on her mother’s death. 29. The police came ... Humbolt. 30. We came ... of the tunnel. 31. He asked me to send him any new 45 stamps which might come ... . 32. All the facts came ... after Seery’s death. 33. Tess burst into tears, and the story came ... . 34. He wanted me to come ... for lunch. 35. I’ve got some friends coming ... . 36. There’s something I want you to see. Come ..., children, come ... ! 37. The discovery of adrenalin came … through a mistake. 2. Translate into English. 1. Попроси его зайти после того, как закончится собрание. 2. Вы встретите это выражение много раз, когда будете читать книги. 3. “Когда вернется Фред?” – спросил Ник. 4. Не ищите эти бумаги, я сам видел, как он приходил за ними. 5. Разве вы не знаете, что этот журнал выходит раз в неделю? 6. Пойдемте, автобус отходит через пять минут. 7. Неудивительно, что он прекрасно играет на фортепьяно. Он вышел из семьи музыканта. 8. Он показался мне очень приятным человеком. 9. Он заболел гриппом. 10. Она получила в наследство большую сумму денег. 11. Правда откроется. 12. Она зашла (заглянула) вчера вечером. 13. После ранения он не скоро пришел в себя. 14. Пуговица оторвалась. 15. Заходите как-нибудь навестить меня. 16. Подойдите, давайте поговорим. 17. Пошли скорее! Мне надоело ждать. 18. Ну, давай же сыграем! 19. Это случилось следующим образом. cut cut down (a tree) рубить (дерево) to fell it If you cut down all the trees you’ll ruin the land. cut down (on) сокращать потребление (чего-л.), урезывать to reduce the size, amount or number of sth We must cut down expenses or we’ll be getting into debt. The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. cut in вмешиваться (в разговор), вставлять замечания to interrupt sb when they are speaking Stop cutting in with your remarks. 46 cut off 1. обрезать, отрезать, отрубать to remove sth from sth larger by cutting They held a gun to his head and threatened to cut off his ears. 2. отрезать (путь); изолировать to isolate (usu. passive) The town was cut off by the floods. 3. перерезать, разъединять, прерывать (телефонную или телеграфную связь) to disconnect We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. 4. выключать (газ, воду и т. п.) to stop the supply of sth to sb Our water supply has been cut off. cut out 1. вырезать, делать вырезки to remove by cutting He cut a picture out of a magazine. 2. выпускать, выбрасывать to omit, to leave out The editor cut out the last paragraph. 3. прекратить, перестать (что-л.) делать to stop doing, using or eating sth I’ve been advised to cut sugar out of my diet. 4. выключаться; отключаться to stop working The engine’s cut out again. be cut out for/be cut out to be sth подходить, быть подходящим; быть словно созданным для чего-л. to be fitted or suited for He’s not cut out for teaching. He’s not cut out to be a teacher. cut up 1. разрезать, разрубить на куски to divide sth into small pieces with a knife, etc. He cut up the meat on his plate. 47 2. причинять страдания, огорчать (usu. passive) to upset sb emotionally She was pretty cut up about them leaving. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He’s not cut ... to be a doctor. 2. We need to cut the article ... to 1000 words. 3. The doctor told him to cut … … his drinking. 4. They were cut ... for not paying their phone bill. 5. How much is it going to cost us to cut all these trees ...? 6. He cut ... all references to the Byron being ugly. 7. The army was cut ... from its base. 8. She’s really cut ... about getting a D in Maths. 9. ‘You have to employ a professional,’ cut ... the Englishman quietly. 10. She had cut … … smoking. 11. Don’t complain when they cut you ... by mistake. 12. Gas supplies had now been cut ... . 13. When I am making a dress I mark the cloth with chalk and then cut it ... . 14. If you want to get thin you must cut ... sugar. 15. I won’t have a cigarette, thanks – I’m trying to cut ... . 16. Her publishers insisted on cutting several stories … … her memoirs. 17. She’s not cut ... for teaching. 18. Mrs Travers began a reply, but Mrs Patel cut ... again. 19. ‘I wouldn’t drink that whisky if I were you,’ he said. ‘Cut ... .’ 20. The new factory cuts ... our view of the hills. 21. She feels very cut ... living in the country. 22. He is cut ... to be a diplomat. 23. I would cut ... the bit about working as a waitress. 24. It was too big to go into the bin so I cut it ... . 25. The doctor said I must cut tobacco right ... . 2. Translate the sentences. 1. Я стараюсь меньше курить. 2. Телефонист разъединил нас прежде, чем мы успели кончить разговор. 3. Мне пришлось отказаться от мяса (исключить мясо из рациона). 4. Через несколько минут мотор перестал работать (заглох). 5. Ей было на роду написано стать учительницей. 6. Хозяйка разрубила индейку на куски. 7. Смерть сына была для него страшным ударом. 8. Садовник срубил (срезал) кустарник. 9. Мне велели меньше пить. 10. Мы очень спокойно беседовали, пока он не вмешался в разговор. 11. Я срезала увядшие цветы. 12. У нас прекратили подачу газа. 13. Я отказался от курения (мяса, спор48 та). 14. Детям очень нравится вырезать картинки. 15. Статья не подходила по размеру, и редактор опустил несколько абзацев. 16. Я считаю, что Олег Попов прямо-таки создан для роли клоуна. 17. Докладчик решил сократить лекцию, так как студенты должны были еще посмотреть документальный фильм. 18. Я потратил много денег в этом месяце, я должен сократить свои расходы. dig dig in/into навалиться (на еду); наброситься to start to eat food with enthusiasm (slang) When the bell rang, the kids dug into their lunches. John dug in and finished his homework very quickly. dish dish out разг. подавать; давать; раздавать (с блюда) to serve food onto plates for a meal Can you dish out the potatoes please? dish up подавать на стол (блюдо и т. п.) to serve food onto plates for a meal; dish out, serve Collect these plates while I go and dish up the main course. do do away with упразднить, отменить, покончить с чем-л. to abolish We are going to do away with the old tax system. The headmaster thinks school uniform should be done away with. do up 1. приводить в порядок, убирать; ремонтировать to make tidy; to repair; to decorate He makes money by buying old houses and doing them up. The theatre was horrible, done up as cheaply as possible. 49 2. застегивать, завязывать to fasten Do up your coat. I’ve eaten so much that I can’t do my trousers up! do with не помешало бы; не повредило бы (довольствоваться, ограничиваться чем-л.) to be satisfied with sth as there is nothing better I’m hot and tired. I could do with a nice cool drink. Can you do with a ten-rouble note? do without обходиться без чего-л., кого-л. to manage without sth/sb Many Victorian households did without a bathroom altogether. If you don’t have cigarettes, you must simply do without. draw draw out брать, снимать (деньги) I drew out some money from the bank. drive drive away/off уезжать, отъезжать to leave in a vehicle The robbers drove off/away in a stolen vehicle. drive on продолжать путь to continue driving Don’t stop – drive on! drop drop in заходить, заглядывать to visit someone without making any formal arrangement to do so; call in He dropped in for a few minutes to ask if he could borrow your power drill. drop in at sb’s place but drop in on sb I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing. I dropped in at the library on my way to the office. 50 drop off высаживать to take passengers where they want to go and leave them there I can drop Daisy off on my way home. drop out бросать, оставлять (учебу, занятия) to leave school, college, etc. without finishing your studies She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year. drop round заходить, заглядывать to visit sb without making any formal arrangement to do so; drop in, drop by I’ll drop round when I’ve finished the shopping. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. She can’t do ... a secretary. 2. I think we could do ... a good night’s sleep. 3. They are doing ... the front of the house. 4. We did … … illiteracy many years ago. 5. If they can’t get it to us in time, we’ll just have to do ... . 6. She said she would do ... any tea. 7. At the sight of all the food, thoughts of diets were done … … . 8. I could do ... your sarcastic comments. 9. The flat needs doing ... . 10. He couldn’t do ... the buttons on his coat. 11. He wore a long coat that was done ... at the neck. 12. She dug ... her bowl of pasta. 13. Help yourselves, everybody! Dig ... ! 14. We could not wash the saucepans until the food was dished ... . 15. We tried dishing ... earlier, but people complained. 16. We heard him drive … . 17. We stopped for a few minutes and then drove … . 18. Sorry we’re late – we dropped ... ... the pub on the way. 19. I thought I’d just drop ... and see how you were. 20. I dropped … … her during the afternoon. 21. He had dropped ... of the college in the first term. 22. Can you drop me ... near the bank? 23. I drew ... ₤ 200. 24. Can I draw $ 350 ... ... my account? 2. Translate into English. 1. Я бы не отказался от чашки чая. 2. Ему не мешало бы побриться. 3. Хотелось бы хорошенько отдохнуть. 4. Я думаю, что в настоящий момент я могу обойтись без словаря. 5. Я полагаю, что в этой работе они могут обойтись без меня, поскольку я еще новичок в этом деле. 6. С этой практикой покончено. 51 7. Этот устаревший метод был отменен. 8. Пора убрать в комнате. 9. Отделка кабинета в современном стиле будет стоить довольно дорого. 10. Я думаю, я смогу обойтись той суммой (денег), которая у меня есть. 11. Необходимо уничтожить эти старые документы. 12. Подай еду на стол. 13. Я как-нибудь к вам загляну. 14. Давайте зайдем (заскочим) к нему. 15. Когда они уехали? 16. Отец высадил меня у школы. 17. Сегодня холодно. Застегни пальто, а то простудишься. 18. Почему ты не застегнул рубашку, Том? – У меня оторвалась пуговица. 19. Я хочу купить холодильник. Я должна снять деньги со своего банковского счета. eat eat in питаться, столоваться дома to have a meal at home rather than in a restaurant ‘We won’t be eating in tonight,’ Susan said. eat out питаться, столоваться вне дома to have a meal in a restaurant, etc. rather than at home Do you feel like eating out tonight? end end up плохо или неожиданно для себя кончить to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in If you go on like that you’ll end up in prision. enter enter for принимать участие, участвовать to become a competitor/candidate (for a contest, examination, etc.) Twelve thousand competitors have entered for the next London Marathon. face face up to sth быть готовым (к чему-л.) to accept and deal with sth which is difficult and unpleasant She had to face up to the fact that she would never walk again. 52 fall fall back on полагаться (на что-л., кого-л.); прибегать к чему-л. to go to sb for support; to have sth to use when you are in difficulty I have a little money in the bank to fall back on. When his wife died, at the age of 32, he fell back on his friends and family for support. fall behind 1. отставать, оставаться позади to lag, to get (be) behind Don’t fall behind the leaders or you’ll never catch up. 2. (with) запаздывать, отставать по срокам to be late in doing sth They fell behind with the rent and got a reminder from the landlord. fall down падать to become unbalanced and drop to the ground He fell down and hurt himself badly. fall for увлечься, почувствовать влечение, понравиться to take a liking to, to be attracted to I fell for you the moment I saw you. fall off ухудшаться, приходить в упадок to decrease in quantity or quality Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. fall out (with) ссориться to quarrel He fell out with his family and went away to work on a farm. They fell out over the problem of teaching foreign languages. fall over опрокидываться; падать to fall to the ground I just touched the vase and it fell over. fall through провалиться, потерпеть неудачу to fail, to come to nothing All their plans fell through because of lack of money. 53 be fed up (with) пресытиться, быть сытым по горло to be completely bored (slang) I’m fed up with this wet weather. I’m fed up with waiting; I’m going home. fill fill in/up/out forms etc. заполнять (бланк, анкету и т. п.) to complete them I had to fill in three forms to get my new passport. fill up заполнять, наполнять, наливать до краев to make sth completely full Fill the tank up, please. find find out разузнать, выяснить to discover as a result of conscious effort In the end I found out what was wrong with my hi-fi. I haven’t found anything out about him yet. flare flare up вывести из себя, вскипеть to become angry The argument between the two groups flared up at the meeting. fit fit in включить (в список и т. п.); назначить (на прием и т. п.) to find time to see sb or to do sth I’ll try and fit you in after lunch. I had to fit ten appointments into one morning. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. At the beginning the whole party kept together but by the end of the day those who were less fit had fallen ... . 2. They fell ... each other instantly. 3. I rushed for the door and fell ... the cat in the hallway. 54 4. He tripped and fell ... . 5. Unfortunately, we have fallen … … the payments. 6. I’ve fallen … … certain members of the band. 7. We arranged to book a villa and it fell ... . 8. I’m afraid that he might fall ... again and hurt himself. 9. Fancy falling ... over something as trivial as that! 10. He began to limp and fell so far ... that I decided to let him rest. 11. I bought it yesterday falling ... it because it was extremely simple. 12. After a few moments the project fell ... owing to lack of support. 13. She fell … … her usual excuse of having no time. 14. Economic growth will fall ... only slightly. 15. Peter knew that even if his business venture in Tokyo was not successful he could always fall … … his English teaching skills. 16. Do you eat ... a lot in London? 17. Willie liked to eat ... in restaurants and stay up late in bars. 18. He fully intends to enter ... the race. 19. I think they’re getting pretty fed … with him by now. 20. We filled ... all the customs forms. 21. I filled ... the tank with oil. 22. Can you find ... what time the meeting starts? 23. We found ... later that he had been at the same school. 24. The conflict flared ... into civil war. 25. Panic flared ... in her. 26. I’m on holiday next week, but I can fit you ... on the 9th. 27. Sylvia ended ... with no money, no husband and no house and a two-year-old child. 28. His situation was desperate, but he faced … … it. 2. Translate into English. 1. Когда мы идем в горы, он всегда отстает. 2. Вносите квартплату вовремя. 3. Обсуждая новую пьесу, друзья поссорились. 4. Он поскользнулся и упал. 5. Увидев сердитое лицо Джона, она поняла, что его проект провалился. 6. Он опоздал с выплатой нескольких взносов и вынужден был отказаться от машины. 7. Я знаю, что внешность бывает обманчива, но тем не менее он мне понравился с первого взгляда. 8. Давай сегодня пойдем куда-нибудь пообедать. 9. В конкурсе участвовало тридцать человек. 10. Мне надоели ваши обещания. 11. Разузнай, когда он придет. 12. Он наполнил бак до краев. 13. Пожалуйста, заполните эту анкету. 14. Сегодня я больше никого не смогу принять. 15. Для г-жи Браун надо найти время на будущей неделе. 16. Вы всегда можете положиться (рассчитывать) на меня. 17. Он всегда использует этот метод (к этому прибегает). 18. Вот, чем ты кончишь (вот что тебя ждет). 55 get get across четко, убедительно объяснить, изложить; донести, довести (до слушателя) to succeed in communicating sth; get over He is not very good at getting his ideas across. A good speaker can get his idea across to his audience without much effort. get along (with) ладить, находить общий язык to have a friendly relationship with sb; get on He worked hard and was easy to get along with. They just can’t get along together. The two men get along well. get at иметь в виду to mean, to imply I don’t know what you are getting at. get away 1. удрать, ускользнуть, улизнуть to succeed in leaving the place; escape The prisoner got away. 2. выбираться, уходить, уезжать; go away I want to get away from the city. get away with сделать (что-л.) незаметно или безнаказанно; провернуть какое-л. дельце to escape punishment Don’t be tempted to cheat – you’ll never get away with it. He always gets away with it. get back 1. вернуться to return When will he get back? 2. получить назад to have sth back How can I get my books back? get by жить, прожить; обходиться to manage to survive and have a fairly satisfactory life How does she get by on such a small salary? 56 get down 1. спускаться to descend Get down (off) the ladder. 2. снять to take down Will you get down the books (from the shelf) for me? 3. подавлять, угнетать, подрывать здоровье to depress sb These things are getting me down. The loneliness really started to get my mother down after a few months. get down to браться, сесть за учение/работу и т. п. to settle down to one’s study, work, business, etc. Now, if you have nothing against we’ll get down to business. get in (into) 1. входить, влезать to go inside Never get in(to) a stranger’s car. 2. прибывать, приходить to arrive The train got in late. What time do you get into Heathrow? get off слезать, вылезать; сходить to leave a bus, train or plane When the train stopped he got off. get on садиться (на лошадь, автобус и т. п.) to mount, to board She got on the bus every morning. Some new passengers were getting on. get on (with) 1. делать успехи, преуспевать to make progress, to be successful How are you getting on? Parents are always anxious for their children to get on. I must get on with my work. 57 2. ладить, быть в хороших отношениях to be on good terms; get along I’ve always got on very well with my colleagues. She and her sister have never really got on. get out 1. выходить, вылезать, высаживаться to leave a place When the plane landed he was the first to get out. 2. бежать, совершить побег (из тюрьмы) to escape Several men got out yesterday. 3. вынимать, вытаскивать to take sb/sth out I can’t get the key out. My children like to swim so much that I can’t get them out of the water. get out of sth/doing sth отвертеться (избежать чего-л.); отлынивать, увиливать to avoid doing sth She always got out of washing up. We’ll do anything to get out of work. get over 1. преодолеть (трудность, препятствие) to find a way of dealing with a problem or difficulty She managed to get over the first difficulties. 2. оправиться, выздороветь; прийти в себя to recover from (illness, distress or mental weakness) I’m glad to hear you have got over your cold. Have you got over the shock? 3. донести (ясно изложить) succeed in making other people understand you (your idea, argument, or suggestion); get across This is the only way I know of getting my message over to you clearly. How do I get it over to you? 58 get round уговорить to persuade sb in one’s own interests She knows how to get round her parents. get to (a place) попадать, прибывать куда-л.; добираться до какого-л. места to arrive When do we get to New York? get through 1. закончить; одолеть, справиться с чем-л. to finish a piece of work, finish successfully I hope we’ll get through that pile of work on Saturday. As soon as I get through with this washing, I’ll help you. He got through his exam all right (passed it). 2. связаться по телефону to succeed in contacting sb on the telephone I’ve been trying for a whole hour to get through to you. 3. доходить (до кого-л., до чьего-л. сознания); довести (до чьего-л. сознания) It has got through to him quickly. I couldn’t get through to her. get up а) вставать, подниматься to rise (esp. from bed) б) поднимать, заставить встать to make sb get out of bed The old man fell down on the ice and couldn’t get up. What time do you get up? Could you get me up at 6.30 tomorrow? 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I rang up the hospital. It took me over two hours to get ... . 2. Our son is getting ... well at college. 3. If I can get ... all my homework, I’ll go to the cinema later. 4. The thief got ... climbing over the garden wall. 5. I really get ... with my brother. 6. Ann got ... the train just as it was about to leave and got ... at Portland. 7. He got … … the crime 59 because there were no witnesses. 8. After I put down the phone I got … … my work. 9. They earn just enough money to get ... . 10. He’s got some problems, but I’m sure he can get ... them. 11. I’d love to get ... to an exotic country for a while. 12. It took Sharon two months to get ... her illness. 13. The thieves got ..., even though the police had surrounded the building. 14. The speaker needs to know that his words are getting ... . 15. The two children are getting ... very well. 16. I’ve got to get ... to London. 17. All he wants to do is get his girlfriend ... . 18. George has climbed up that tree, and now he can’t get ... . 19. I walked to the van, got ... and drove away. 20. What time does the coach get ..., do you know? 21. Get ... at Mayfield Church. 22. Let’s get ... the first bus that comes along. 23. Sylvia asked politely how Paul was getting ... at school. 24. She got ... and slammed the door. 25. I had to go to school, and if I could have got … … it, I would. 26. I had to get ... from my stool. 27. We managed to get our message ... . 28. I’ll have to get … … work soon – I’ve got lots to do. 29. I’m not going to allow Ann to get … … an offensive remark like that. 30. I can’t get ... to Joe. I’ll phone again later. 31. We get … … our neighbours very well. 32. This continual wet weather is getting me ... . 33. All this worry has got him ... . 34. My brother doesn’t get ... till 6. 35. The class got ... when the teacher came in. 36. We’re getting ... at the next stop. 37. Let’s get … … business. 38. She can’t get ... her shyness. 39. I think the problem can be got ... without too much difficulty. 40. He always gets ... early. 41. It was midnight before we got ... the village. 42. I know what you are getting ..., and you’re right. 43. The audience had no idea what we were getting ... . 44. I find it impossible to get... to her. 2. Read the text below and add a word which best fits each place. After a long hard winter I was looking forward to getting ... . Spring in Seville seemed just the thing to help me get ... my winter depression. In my job (I work for an advertising company), I don’t get ... very much and things had been getting me ... lately so I was very keen to ... up and go, leaving everything behind. I knew everything would still be there waiting for me when I got ... but for ten days I would be able to get ... from it all. The problem was I hadn’t been getting ... well with my boss in the last few months – we didn’t see eye to eye about policy and I just couldn’t get ... to her how I saw the future of the company. 60 Moneywise the job’s fine – I make more than enough to get ... and I suppose prospects are good – I want to get ... in my career and the job gives me lots of opportunities for promotion. But some day soon I will have to get ... the difficulties I’m having with my boss. 3. Translate into English. 1. Мне надо возвращаться. 2. У моей тетки никогда не водилось много денег, но она сводила концы с концами. 3. Пароход не может отплыть (отправиться, выйти) из порта. 4. У меня дела идут хорошо. 5. Мне удалось отвертеться и не пойти на собрание. 6. Я не могу вставить ключ в замок. 7. Как у вас идут дела? 8. Ему сходит с рук всё. 9. Не расстраивайся из-за его слов. 10. Поезд прибывает (подходит). 11. Вы выходите? 12. Вот ваша лошадь, садитесь. 13. Он в хороших отношениях со своей тещей. 14. Пора вставать. 15. Я никак не мог связаться с начальством. 16. Наконец новости дошли до них. 17. Я ничего не могу ему втолковать. 18. Я уверен, что мне это сойдет с рук. 19. Пьеса осталась непонятой (не дошла). 20. Они хорошо уживаются (живут мирно). 21. Он ушел с приема. 22. Эта отвратительная погода угнетает меня. 23. Давайте приступим к работе. 24. Как у вас дела с английским? 25. Выезжай (выходи)! 26. Он уже пришел в себя после потрясения. 27. Она положила лекарство на полку, где дети не могли достать его. 28. Вы сели не на тот автобус. 29. Все зависит от вас. Это не такие трудности, чтобы их нельзя было преодолеть. 30. Когда вы закончите всю эту работу? 31. Мы не смогли дозвониться им и решили послать телеграмму. 32. Чего вы хотите? (К чему вы клоните? Что вы имеете в виду?) 33. Мы не знали, что имел в виду (хотел сказать) оратор. give give away 1. отдавать, дарить; раздавать (дары, призы); распределять to give it to someone (as a gift) I’ll give this old coat away. 2. разг. выдавать, предавать; проговориться, подвести to betray (a person); to reveal (a secret or information) 61 He said that he was not an American but his accent gave him away. give back возвращать to return sth to its owner I must call at the library to give back this book. give off испускать, издавать (жар, запах и т. п.) to emit (heat, a smell, etc.) The liquid gave off a strong smell. give in 1. подавать, сдавать, вручать (заявление, отчет и т. п.) to hand in Don’t forget to give in your exercise books. 2. (to) сдаваться, уступать to yield to a person’s desires or wishes It doesn’t matter what you say, he will never give in. The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands. give out 1. распределять, раздавать to distribute The teacher gave out the exam papers. 2. оглашать, объявлять to announce, to make known They gave out the names of the winners on the radio. 3. иссякать, кончаться (о запасах, силах, терпении и т. п.) to become exhausted, to come to an end The water supply at last gave out. His patience gave out and he slapped the child hard. give up 1. 1) отказываться (от работы, предложения, участия в соревновании и т. п.) to stop doing sth 62 He had to give up studying because of his poor health. She didn’t give up work when she had the baby. 2) оставить, бросить (привычку) to stop a habit Do you still smoke? You really should give up, you know. I gave up drinking coffee because it kept me awake at night. 2. признать поражение, сдаться to surrender The war will be over when one of the countries gives up. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. Can I borrow that book? I’ll give it ... to you tomorrow. 2. After the operation David had to give ... smoking. 3. He gave ... most of his money to charity. 4. This chemical gives ... a strange smell. 5. They gave ... to the strikers’ demands. 6. I tried to learn Greek but soon I got tired and gave it ... .7. Their food supplies gave ... sooner than they had planned, so they had to return home. 8. You’d better not give ... this secret to anyone, or I will be angry with you. 9. The rebels were forced to give ... . 10. Please give your work ... before Monday. 11. They also gave ... information about courses for teachers of English. 12. On the same day it was given ... that fresh documents had been discovered. 13. She never completely gave... hope. 14. The hijackers finally gave themselves ... to the police. 15. Her little boy had cried so when they had given the dog ... . 16. I gave ... his ring and his jacket. 17. We mustn’t give ... to threats. 18. She gave ... her work to look after the children. 19. The conductor is the person on a bus who gives ... tickets. 20. I give ... – tell me the answer. 21. Even Ruskin gave ... the attempt in despair. 22. Someone gave ... the secret plans and now the boss is angry. 23. The factory gives ... a lot of smoke, causing pollution. 24. Although they were losing the match, the team refused to give ... . 25. The shop is giving ... free gifts to anyone who spends more than ₤ 30. 26. The papers were given ... and we had an hour to do the test. 27. In the end he gave ... trying to explain it all to me. 28. No chocolate for me, thanks. I’ve given it ... . 29. They were standing in the street giving leaflets ... to passers-by. 30. When are you going to give him ... his camera? 31. They gave ... the names of the winners on the radio. 32. When we were only a few miles from our destination the petrol gave ... . 33. I tried running, but I gave ... 63 after about ten minutes. 34. I said, ‘Please Ma’am. I should like to give ... my notice.’ 35. The flowers give... a fragrant perfume. 36. Her patience finally gave ... . 37. The motor gave ... suddenly. 2. Translate into English. 1. Она подарила свою лучшую игрушку. 2. Когда зазвенит звонок, сдайте контрольные (работы) преподавателю. 3. Он не уступит, даже если он не прав. 4. Верните книгу, которую вы брали. 5. Из-за плохого здоровья он вынужден был оставить учебу. 6. Кто распределял билеты? 7. Эта лампа очень ярко светит (дает яркий свет). 8. Это растение плохо пахнет. 9. Я думаю, что вам придется отказаться от мысли провести свой отпуск на юге в июле. 10. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы не уступил ей. 11. Продовольствие будут распределять завтра. 12. Скоро объявят о дате выборов. 13. Силы покинули меня. 14. У нас кончились деньги. 15. Не переставайте искать (не прекращайте поиски). 16. Вам надо бросить курить. 17. Он раздал все свои деньги. 18. Хозяева вынуждены были уступить. 19. Сдаюсь, сам расскажи, чем эта история кончилась. 20. Не сдавайтесь! 21. Как жаль, что он бросил музыку. 22. Он не терял надежды. go go ahead двигаться вперед; продолжать to proceed, continue, lead the way Go ahead! (вперед) go about/go (a)round ходить, гулять to wander, to walk about The tourists went about London. I’d like to go (a)round Africa myself. go away уходить, уезжать to leave I want to be alone now. Just go away. go back возвращаться to return We had better go back to the house. It’s beginning to rain. go by руководствоваться чем-л.; судить по чему-л. to be guided by I try to go by reason as far as possible. 64 go down 1. уезжать (из столицы за город, из города в деревню) to go to the country from the capital or town (to a place regarded as less important) I believe he’s going down to Exeter for the weekend. 2. падать, снижаться (о ценах), утихать (о ветре) to become less, to be reduced (of wind, weight, price, etc.) During her illness her weight went down from 50 kilos to 40. The wind went down and the sea became quite calm. go in for заниматься чем-л., увлекаться to be especially interested in; to practise, to enter (for a competition) She plays a lot of golf and goes in for all the competitions. This restaurant goes in for vegetarian dishes. (specializes in them) go off 1. уходить, уезжать; убегать, сбегать to leave My brother has gone off to college. She went off with my friend. 2. звонить (о будильнике, сигнализации и т. п.) to ring (alarm) Every morning Donald’s alarm went off in time for him to go to early Mass. 3. взорваться, выстрелить to explode, to fire As he was cleaning the gun it went off and killed him. 4. разг. терять интерес (к чему-л.), разлюбить (что-л.) to stop liking sb/sth or lose interest in them I used to eat a lot of fish but I’ve gone off it a bit recently. go on 1. продолжать; идти дальше to continue any action, to continue a journey He went on fighting even after I told him to stop. 65 Go on with your work. Don’t wait for me. I’m not quite ready. Go on and I’ll catch you up. 2. происходить, случаться to happen, to take place Something strange was going on and I wanted to know what it was. 3. (at) набрасываться (на кого-л.), бранить кого-л.; приставать с просьбами to criticize, say repeatedly My last English teacher was very hard to please. Every day he went on at me about something or other. I went on at my father to have safety belts fitted. 4. включаться, загораться (о свете) to begin operating The light goes on automatically. go out 1. выходить (из помещения) to leave a room, building, or other place Why don’t we go out into the garden? 2. бывать в обществе, ходить в театры, на концерты to join in social life, leave one’s house for entertainments, etc. She is very pretty and goes out a lot. 3. погаснуть to stop burning (of a fire, a light, etc.); go off The lights went out (off). go over 1. пойти, сходить, сбегать (куда-л.) to visit sb for a short time; go round I’m just going over to his office for a minute. 2. просматривать (что-л.), изучать в деталях to examine or check sth carefully Go over your work before you hand it in. 66 go (a)round зайти (забежать) к кому-л. to visit sb for a short time; go over I’ll go round and see Nell later. go through 1. просматривать (что-л.); изучать в деталях to examine or check sth carefully; go over He went through Guy’s books to find something about Poland. 2. испытывать, переживать to suffer, to endure During the war we went through a great deal of hardships. 3. проделать, исполнить to perform, to accomplish He went through a lot of work last time. It took him no time to go through the customs. go up 1. (to) приближаться, подходить to approach He went up to her and asked her something. 2. ездить в столицу с периферии, из деревни в город to go to the capital, to town from the country He used to go up to town every Sunday. 3. подниматься, расти (о ценах) to rise, increase The price of sugar will go up 5 % at the end of this month. go with соответствовать, гармонировать to match, to suit Your handbag should go with your gloves and shoes. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. The alarm goes ... every morning at 7 o’clock. 2. The price of firstclass stamps has gone ... again. 3. The fire has gone ... . Would you like me to light it again? 4. What’s going ... there? There’s a huge crowd. 5. Go ... the contract very carefully before you sign it. 6. Although she had a headache, she went ... playing with her son. 7. Lots of people 67 go … … the cooking competition every year. 8. A bomb went ... in the city centre last weekend. Fortunately, no one was seriously injured. 9. She went ... difficult time last winter when she lost her job. 10. The teacher went ... my homework to check for mistakes. 11. Jane seems to be going ... Paul. 12. You go ... and I’ll follow. 13. She doesn’t want to go ... to her husband. 14. The price of oil is going ... . 15. Oil is going ... in price. 16. That’s a good rule to go ... . 17. When are you going ... to Scotland? 18. She went ... to get a drink. 19. She became more and more talkative as the evening went ... . 20. Can we go ... to Ann’s today? 21. She always goes … … her children for one thing or another. 22. I always start the day by going ... my mail. 23. They’ve gone ... to Brighton for a couple of days. 24. He goes ... drinking most evenings. 25. Things can’t go ... as they are. Something has to change. 26. Manfred rang up and asked me to go ... to see him. 27. I could go ... the house as freely as I liked. 28. He went ... without saying a word. 29. She is always indoors; she doesn’t go ... much. 30. He went ... the plans again and discovered two very serious mistakes. 31. There is a mistake somewhere: we’ll have to go ... the accounts and see where it is. 32. Do you go ... ... sailing? 33. S-sh! There’s a meeting going ... next door. 34. The gun went ... by accident. 35. She goes … … him continually. 36. Does this jacket go ... this skirt? 37. Many Irish people went ... to America during the holiday. 38. She doesn’t go … … team games. 39. That’s a good rule to go ... . 40. Of course we want to go ... some day – it’s our country, our real home. 41. I’ll go ... and tell them you’re on the way. 42. I went ... to the post office. 43. I’m going ... to my sister’s. 44. She went ... to think about it. 45. I went ... to the kitchen and poured my coffee. 46. It started to rain but I had not the strength to go ... for an umbrella. 47. I thought of going … … teaching. 48. She went ... to look at the flowers. 49. When I asked what was going ..., she refused to say anything. 50. She got up and went ... to her suitcase, opened it, and took out an envelope. 51. Cigarettes are going ... in price. 52. Tom has been going ... with Kate for six weeks. 53. The lights went … . 54. How long has Jim gone … … stamp-collecting? 55. Let’s go ... the arguments again. 56. Certain formalities have to be gone ... before you can emigrate. 57. He’s amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to go ... . 58. Go ... and think about it, then let me know. 59. I’m going ... on business. 60. She hesitated for a moment and then went ... . 61. I think she’s going ... him a bit. 62. Have you a match? My cigarette has gone ... . 68 63. Let’s go ... this scene again until you’re sure you know it. 64. She’s been going … … me for a year to buy her a new coat. 65. Let’s go ... the structures we studied last week. 66. We’re going ... for a meal. Do you want to come? 67. The light only goes ... at night. 2. Translate into English. 1. Можно мне позвонить по вашему телефону? –Пожалуйста. 2. Он уехал в другой город. 3. Цены упали. 4. Ветер стих. 5. Он занимается (увлекается) спортом. 6. Свет погас. 7. По мере того, как шло время, он становился все более нетерпеливым. 8. Свет зажегся. 9. Надеюсь, дождь не будет идти весь день. 10. Продолжайте работать. 11. Давай ненадолго выйдем. 12. Мы сегодня пойдем развлекаться. 13. Вчера мой брат зашел навестить меня. 14. Температура поднимается. 15. Я потратила день на то, чтобы походить повсюду и осмотреть музеи. 16. Теперь пошли домой. 17. У него падает температура. 18. Яйца становятся дешевле. 19. Я уезжаю в деревню. 20. Какое у вас хобби? 21. В какие спортивные игры вы играете? 22. Они удрали. 23. Я бросил пить кофе. (Я разлюбил кофе.) 24. Я остыла к своему дружку (поклоннику). 25. Продолжайте, я слушаю. 26. Война продолжалась (длилась, шла) до 1945 года. 27. Что здесь происходит? 28. Идет свадьба. 29. Она вышла пройтись (погулять). 30. Мы очень редко здесь бываем. 31. Я как раз иду на минутку в его кабинет. 32. Роберт занимается плаванием и, кажется, делает успехи. 33. Прежде чем сдать экзаменационную работу, просмотрите ее еще раз. 34. Бомба взорвалась на оживленной улице. 35. Она меня без конца пилит (ругает). 36. Ей пришлось многое пережить в связи с болезнью сына. 37. Туфли очень красивые, но сумка должна соответствовать им. 38. Он никогда не говорил мне, что происходило в школе. grow grow out of 1. перерастать что-л., выходить за рамки, размеры, границы и т. п. to outgrow He’s already grown out of his school uniform. 69 2. отвыкать от чего-л. с возрастом или с течением времени to abandon, on becoming older, a childish (and often bad) habit He used to tell a lot of lies as a young boy but he grew out of that later on. grow up вырастать, становиться взрослым to develop into an adult Their children have all grown up and left home now. hand hand in вручать, подавать to give by hand I handed in my resignation to the employer. Someone handed this parcel in yesterday. hand over передавать to give sth/sb officially or formally to another person He handed over a cheque for $ 1000. He handed the weapons over to the police. hand round раздавать (всем присутствующим) to give or show to each person present The hostess handed round coffee and cakes. hang hang about слоняться, болтаться, шататься to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much The kids hung about in the streets. hang on ожидать (часто у телефона) to wait for a short time; hold on Hang on (for) a moment! hang up положить телефонную трубку; прекратить телефонный разговор to end a phone call and put back the receiver Hang up your receiver. 70 have have sth on быть одетым (во что-л.), носить (одежду и т. п.) to be wearing sth She had a red jacket on. He had nothing (= no clothes) on. head head for направляться, держать курс (куда-л.) to move towards I headed for the door. hold hold on ожидать (часто у телефона) to wait (especially on the telephone); hang on Excuse me, sir, hold on – Mr Smith will speak to you. Yes, Mr Pitt is in. If you hold on for a moment I’ll get him for you. hold up 1. останавливать, задерживать (уличное движение, работу и т. п.) to stop, to delay (traffic, industry, work, research, etc.) The policeman held up the traffic to allow pedestrians to cross the road. The bus was held up because a tree had fallen across the road. 2. останавливать с целью грабежа; грабить to rob Two masked men held up the bank. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. You must all hand ... your projects by the end of next week. 2. If you don’t do what I ask, I’ll take the money and hand it ... to him. 3. Hang ... a minute. 4. We had decided to head ... Miami. 5. Do you mind holding ... while I find out? 6. The whole thing was held ... 71 about half an hour. 7. Hang ... – I’ll just see if he is here. 8. She grew ... in Boston. 9. After I hung ... I remembered what I’d wanted to say. 10. I’ve rather grown ... ... my taste for ice cream. 11. It cost a small fortune and she grew … … it in three months. 12. He took the tray in and handed the glasses ... . 13. He held me ... at the point of a gun. 14. They grew ... in the early days of television. 15. She had an old bathrobe … . 16. He hung … all day (doing nothing). 2. Translate into English. 1. Кем ты хочешь стать, когда вырастешь? 2. Она сдала курсовую работу с опозданием (after the deadline). 3. Она передала заявление в суд. 4. Телефон занят, не вешайте трубку (подождите). 5. Не бросай трубку! 6. Движение остановилось из-за тумана. 7. Он был задержан иммиграционными властями. 8. Утром мы отправились к озеру. 9. Пусть вас не волнует его застенчивость, со временем он избавится от нее. 10. Она раздала пирожные. 11. Вчера был ограблен поезд. 12. На вечеринке на ней было голубое платье. 13. Я целый час торчал (околачивался) там, но он так и не пришел. keep keep away (from) держаться в отдалении; не находиться вблизи to avoid going near sb/sth; stay away ‘Keep away from the fire,’ the mother said to her little son. keep back 1. держаться сзади, в стороне, в отдалении to stay back Keep back! Назад! Отойдите! Не подходить! 2. удерживать, задерживать; скрывать, утаивать to conceal She was unable to keep back her tears. I’ll keep back nothing from you. keep from sth/from doing sth удерживаться, воздерживаться от чего-л. to resist She could hardly keep from laughing. 72 keep sb from sth/from doing sth мешать, препятствовать кому-л. делать что-л. to prevent from I hope I’m not keeping you from your work. The church bells keep me from sleeping. keep off 1. держаться в отдалении, не приближаться to stay away from He told them to keep off the freshly painted benches. Keep off the grass! (park notice) 2. избегать, не касаться to avoid I’m trying to keep off fatty foods. It’s best to keep off politics when my father is around. keep on продолжать настойчиво делать что-л. to continue, to go on doing sth They kept on looking for the little girl until it got too dark. School keeps on till four o’clock. keep to придерживаться чего-л., не отклоняться (от темы и т. п.) to stick to Keep to the point. Keep to the letter of the law. keep up 1. поддерживать, содержать в хорошем состоянии to keep sth in good condition The car will last long if you keep it up. 2. поддерживать, не давать снижаться to maintain sth at the same level Something must be done to keep up the prices. We must keep up our position. keep up (with) не отставать, поспевать, держаться наравне с кем-л. to proceed at an equal pace Slow down, I can’t keep up! I never quite manage to keep up with the rest. 73 knock knock down 1. сбить (с ног); свалить to hit and make them fall to the ground; knock over She was knocked down by a bus. He knocked his opponent down three times in the first round. 2. ломать, разрушать (постройки) to destroy a building by breaking its walls; demolish, pull down These old buildings are going to be knocked down. knock off 1. сбивать, сшибать to hit sth so that it falls to the ground A stone was placed on a brick and had to be knocked off by another stone when it was aimed at. 2. разг. прекращать, прерывать, бросать (работу и т. п.) to stop doing sth, especially work We knock off (work) at 5. knock out нокаутировать (бокс) to hit sb so hard that he falls unconscious In the finals of the boxing championship he knocked out his opponent, who was carried out of the ring. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I just managed to keep myself ... falling. 2. Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep ... the point. 3. I can’t keep ... ... all the changes. 4. Wages are not keeping ... ... inflation. 5. Keep ... ... the edge of the cliff. 6. The rain kept ... all night. 7. He kept .… staring at me. 8. Try to keep ... a routine. 9. We must keep ... the deadlines. 10. It’s important to keep ... the standard. 11. She can drink milk, but she has to keep ... butter. 12. He kept ... the question of whose fault it was. 13. I tried to keep ... the conversation. 14. He was unable to keep ... the payments. 15. They kept ... ... the forest. 16. Keep your kids ... ... those bulls. 17. He kept ... from the committee the fact that he 74 was leaving them. 18. You should keep ... playing football too much, otherwise you won’t be able to keep ... ... the class. 19. The doctor advised him to keep ... meat for half a year. 20. You’d better keep ... this subject. 21. If you don’t keep ... the street with your bicycle, I’ll take it away. 22. Keep ... until you get to the church. 23. Well done! Keep ... the good work! 24. The blow on the head knocked me ... . 25. Do you want to knock ... early today? 26. Let’s knock ... for lunch. 27. I bumped and nearly knocked ... a person at the bus stop. 28. I’d knock the wall ... between the front room and dining room. 29. The old man hit him so hard that he knocked him ... . 2. Translate into English. 1. Я старался не смотреть на себя в зеркало. 2. Я не мог не улыбнуться (я не мог сдержать улыбку). 3. Из-за этого я не пошел в школу. 4. Этот шум не дает мне спать. 5. Цены не снижаются. 6. Мужество их не покидало. 7. Шум не прекращался целый день. 8. Я не могу угнаться за вами. 9. Ник отставал от своих соучеников. 10. Если вы не хотите забыть английский, слушайте радио, читайте газеты и книги. 11. Она старалась скрыть слезы, чтобы никто не видел, что она расстроена. 12. Воздерживайтесь от откровенных разговоров с ним. Он может вас подвести. 13. Держитесь подальше от плохих товарищей. 14. Назад! Отойдите! 15. От больного скрыли истинный характер его заболевания. 16. Не касайся (избегай) этого вопроса. 17. Воздерживайся от (не ешь) конфет и шоколада. 18. Отчего собаки все время лают? 19. Он придерживается строгой диеты. 20. Он все время задает глупые вопросы. 21. Его сбила машина. 22. Он был сражен пулей. 23. Мы сегодня рано закончили работу. lay lay off амер. увольнять рабочих to make sb redundant City workers are being laid off at the rate of 100 a week. leave leave out пропускать, не включать (что-л.) to omit We’ll sing our school song leaving out the last ten verses. 75 let let down 1. опускать, спускать вниз to lower sth We let the bucket down by a rope. Delia let down her beautiful fair hair. 2. подвести, покинуть в беде to fail to help or support sb as they had hoped or expected This machine won’t let you down. Sorry to let you down, but I can’t give you a lift today. let in впускать to allow to enter If you mention my name to the door-keeper he will let you in. let off разг. отпустить без наказания; простить, помиловать to refrain from punishment I thought that the policeman was going to fire me but he let me off. let out выпускать, освобождать to allow to leave, to release He opened the door and let out the dog. live live off 1. жить на чей-л. счет; жить с чего-л., за счет чего-л. to receive the money you need to live from sb/sth because you do not have any yourself She’s still living off her parents. They continued to live off the rents of their farms, as they always had done. 2. питаться (чем-л.) to have a particular type of food as the main thing you eat in order to live; live on He seems to live off junk food. 76 live on (upon) 1. питаться (чем-л.) to eat a particular type of food to live; live off Small birds live mainly on insects. 2. жить (на какие-л. средства) to have enough money for the basic things you need to live You can’t live on forty pounds a week. live up to жить согласно (принципам, идеалам и т. п.); быть достойным; оправдать (ожидания, надежды) to do as well as or be as good as other people expect you to He failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. The team called ‘The No-Hopers’ certainly lived up to its name. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. ‘Please let me ...,’ Nick kept asking his mother. 2. Charlie’s never let me ... yet. 3. Go and let them … . 4. Let the blinds ... , please. 5. I promised him that you would do the work. Why did you let me ... by doing so little? 6. The ticket-collector let him ... with a fine. 7. If you are late I’ll let you ... . 8. Let ... the child. It’s nice out-ofdoors. 9. Let the water ... of the bath-tub. 10. Don’t worry – I won’t let you ... this time, I promise. 11. She was let ... with a warning. 12. She left ... an ‘m’ in ‘accommodation’. 13. The film didn’t live … … my expectations. 14. She succeeded, to my mind, in living … … her extraordinary reputation. 15. Robert had not worked for two months when I met him, and had been living ... savings accumulated in the previous season. 16. He’d been living ... pork pies since Monday. 17. How do you expect me to live ... ₤ 150 a year? 18.1 don’t have enough to live ... . 19. She lived ... berries and wild herbs. 20. The play quite lived … … my expectations. 21. I always leave ... the difficult exercises. 2. Translate into English. 1. (Смотри) не подведи меня. 2. Она отошла в сторону, чтобы выпустить ее. 3. Я уверен, что его пропустят (выпустят). Все 77 знают, что он потерял свой билет. 4. Вы можете положиться на него, он вас не подведет. 5. Опустите окно, в купе холодно. 6. На этот раз я вас прощаю, но если это повторится, то вам не удастся отделаться так легко! 7. Он отделался штрафом. 8. Впусти (выпусти) собаку. 9. Я пропустил слово в предложении. 10. Он не оправдал моих надежд. 11. Он оказался верным своему долгу. 12. Он живет с земли (питается с огорода). 13. Он сидит на шее у своей престарелой матери. 14. Как он умудряется прожить на такое жалованье? look look after присматривать, ухаживать, заботиться to take care of Who’s going to look after the children while you’re away? Look after my garden. look ahead (on sth) смотреть вперед; проявлять предусмотрительность, предвидеть to think about what is going to happen in the future and perhaps make plans We’re trying to look ahead. look away отводить взгляд, смотреть (куда-то) в сторону to turn one’s eyes away from sth so that you can no longer see it Their eyes met and Ida blushed and looked away. look back 1. оглядываться to turn to see what is behind you Jack turned and looked back at Ralph. 2. (on, upon sth) обращаться к прошлому (мысленно), вспоминать to think about sth in your past The past always seems better when you look back on it. look down on (sb/sth) смотреть свысока; смотреть с презрением, презирать to think that you are better than sb / sth She looks down on people who haven’t been to college. look for искать to search I looked for my keys all morning but I couldn’t find them. 78 look forward to предвкушать (что-л.); ожидать (чего-л.) с удовольствием to expect with pleasure I am looking forward to her arrival/to seeing her. look in (on sb, at a place) зайти, заглянуть to pay a short visit The doctor will look in again this evening. Won’t you look in on me next time you’re in town? I’ll look in at your place tomorrow, but I can’t stay long. look into изучать (вопрос), детально исследовать to investigate, to examine carefully A working party has been set up to look into the problem. look on (upon) наблюдать со стороны to watch an event as a spectator Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked. look on sb/sth as sb/sth считать кого-л./что-л. кем-л./ чем-л. to consider sb/sth to be sb/sth She’s looked on as the leading authority on the subject. look out быть настороже to be on one’s guard Look out! There’s a train coming! look out on (upon, onto sth) выходить, быть обращенным (куда-л.), в какую-л. сторону (на море, на город и т. п.) to have a view of somewhere The room looks out on a park. look over просмотреть, осмотреть что-л. to examine sth to see how good, big, etc. it is We looked over the house again before we decided to buy it. I want to look over this manuscript again. look (a)round 1. оглядываться кругом to turn your head to see sb/sth behind you She looked round when she heard the noise. 79 2. осматривать to walk round a place in order to see what it is like Shall we look round the Cathedral this afternoon? look through просмотреть, пробежать (глазами) to examine or read sth quickly She looked through her notes before the exam. look up 1. поднимать глаза to raise your eyes to see what is above I suddenly looked up and saw Mr Rutland watching me. 2. искать что-л. (в словаре, справочнике), наводить справки to look for information in a dictionary or reference book Can you look up the time of the next train? I looked it up in the dictionary. look up to sb уважать, смотреть почтительно на кого-л. to admire or respect sb I really look up to my teacher. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I can’t wait for the camping trip, I’m really looking … … it. 2. Excuse me. I’m looking ... Mount Street. Could you tell me where it is? 3. The police are looking ... last night’s robbery. 4. How can we find Liz’s address? – Let’s look it ... in the phone book. 5. Who’s going to look ... the dog while you’re away? 6. Look ... this letter to see if there are any mistakes. 7. The students look ... ... you and admire you. 8. You’ll need to look ... four or five years. 9. It looked ... at Mrs Bixby with bright yellow eyes, then looked ... again and carried on eating. 10. I looked ... and saw my car moving slowly down the hill. 11. It all seems very pathetic when I look ..., but it was painful enough at the time. 12. They are arrogant and aggressive people. They look … … us. 13. I think I’ll look … … my parents on the way home from work. 14. I’ll look … … the newsagent’s and pick up a paper. 15. I’ll look ... again tomorrow afternoon. 16. His parents looked ... with a triumphant smile as he collected his prize. 17. They look ... him as 80 their leader. 18. ‘Look ...,’ I said. ‘There’s someone coming.’ 19. The windows look … … the garden. 20. Will you please look... my paper before I submit it? 21. He stopped suddenly and looked ... . 22. We began to look ... the schoolroom with nostalgia. 23. He looked ... the newspaper to see if there was any account of the football match. 24. He can look ... himself, you needn’t worry. 25. Tracy has lost her keys. She’s been looking ... them all morning. 26. Don’t you have a dentist’s appointment on Monday? – Yes, and I’m not looking … … it at all. 27. The police are looking ... the case of the missing diamonds. 28. The students really looked … … Mr Jones. 29. If you are not sure how to spell a word, look it ... in a dictionary. 30. Looking … … my childhood, I can remember many interesting things. 31. He looks ... me as an amateur. 32. I’m not playing, I’m merely looking ... . 33. I’ve warned you, so look ...! 34. The doctor promised to look ... . 35. I will look … … him after breakfast. 36. I’ll look … … the club on my way to the office. 37. I want to look ... the accounts again. 38. Why do the English look … … everything foreign? 39. We’ll give you our decision when we’ve had time to look ... the matter. 40. She looks … … her father. 41. You’ll get into trouble if you don’t look ... . 42. There is a mystery about his death and the police are looking ... it. 43. I’ll look ... this evening to see how she is. 44. Perhaps one day it will be pleasant to look ... on these things. 45. They look ... this as an absolute necessity. 46. I don’t know when the course starts but I’ll look it ... for you. 47. My sister is very ill and is being looked ... by our parents. 48. I’m looking .. a job at the moment, but it’s hard to find one that is suitable. 49. We look ... this town as our real home. 50. Let’s look ... the town this afternoon. 2. Translate into English. 1. He забудьте навестить меня, когда будете в Минске. 2. Когда я мысленно обращаюсь к прошлому, я хорошо вижу ошибки, которые я совершил, когда был молод. 3. Присмотри за ребенком, пока меня не будет. 4. Он быстро перелистал журнал. 5. Все с нетерпением ждут вечера. 6. Осторожнее! Мы въезжаем в тоннель. 7. Терпеть не могу людей, которые наблюдают за всем со стороны. 8. Неудивительно, что все относятся к ней с уважением. 9. Найдите, пожалуйста, точное определение этого слова. Боюсь, что вы ошиблись. 10. Вы просмотрите его работу 81 еще раз? 11. Пойди и проверь расписание. 12. Когда мы были детьми, наша бабушка присматривала за нами в выходные дни. 13. Важно проявлять предусмотрительность. 14. Окна выходят на море. 15. Я считаю его своим учителем. 16. Он разыскивает своего сына. 17. Мы должны тщательно изучить этот вопрос. 18. Мы собираемся осмотреть лабораторию. 19. Я обернулся и увидел своего брата. 20. Он на всех смотрит свысока. 21. Он презирает бедных. make make for направляться, следовать (куда-л.) to move or proceed towards As soon as she heard the baby’s cry she made for the pram. make off убегать, удирать to hurry away, especially in order to escape The vehicle made off at once. make out 1. составлять (документ), выписывать (рецепт, чек, счет и т. п.) to write out or complete a form or document He made out a cheque for ₤ 100. The doctor made out a prescription for me. 2. разобрать; увидеть; различить to manage to see sb/sth or read or hear sth I could just make out a figure in the darkness. I could hear voices but I couldn’t make out what they were saying. 3. понять, разобраться to understand I can’t make out what she’s trying to say. Can you make out the meaning of this sentence? 4. делать вид; притворяться to pretend Mary has always made out that her parents were rich, but it isn’t true. 82 make up 1. составлять, изготовлять, приготавливать (лекарство по рецепту, обед, блюда и т. п.) to put together, to compound different ingredients (medicine, dinner, etc.) The druggist made up the prescription for me. She was at a loss as she didn’t know how to make up that dish. 2. выдумывать, измышлять to invent a story (excuse, explanation) He was a good storyteller, and used to make up tales about animals. 3. помириться, уладить спор to end a quarrel Why don’t you two kiss and make up? Has he made it up with her yet? Have they made it up yet? 4. гримироваться, применять косметику to put cosmetics on You need to wash, change that dress, and make up. She spent two hours making herself up. make up to sb for sth компенсировать, возмещать, искупать вину to compensate for We must make up to her for what we’ve done. We’ll make up for it. I’m sorry I’m late but I’ll make it up to you. make up to заискивать перед кем-л. to seek favour with sb Nowadays politicans are making up to rich businessmen. make up one’s mind решить, принять решение to come to a decision In the end he made up his mind to go by train. meet meet up (with sb) разг. встретиться (случайно или по предварительной договоренности) to meet sb by chance or by arrangement They met up later for a drink. We planned to meet up with them later in Florence. 83 mix mix up спутать, перепутать to confuse Someone has mixed up all the application forms. move move in въезжать (в квартиру) to start to live in your new home Our new neighbours moved in yesterday. move off уходить, уезжать; отъезжать to start moving, to leave; set off The train is moving off. move on идти дальше, продолжать движение to go on After three weeks in Hong Kong we moved on to Japan. move out съезжать (с квартиры) to leave your old home We shall move out next week. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He made ... his face to look like a clown’s for the party. 2. His handwriting is so bad, I can’t make ... what he has written. 3. They finally made ... after their argument. 4.1 can’t make ... whether to buy the dress or not. 5. He has a hard time making ... his mind. 6. I don’t believe your story at all. I think you are just making it ... . 7. Isn’t it time you and Ann made ... your quarrel? 8. Most women make ... their faces. 9. Actors have to be made ... before they appear on the stage. 10. She released the child suddenly and he made .... 11. I made ... the corner seat and sat down gratefully. 12. The best thing now would be to make ... the top of Brill Hill. 13. Take this prescription to the chemist’s. They will make it... for you there. 14. He made ... some excuse about his daughter being sick. 15. Have you made ... your minds where to go for your honeymoon? 16. If you miss a lesson, we can make … … it later. 17. The cat took one look at her and made ... . 18. After the concert the crowd made ... the nearest door. 19. He opened a drawer and made... to be looking for something in it. 20. I can hardly make... the number on the door. 21. Beauty can84 not make … … stupidity. 22. Some students make ... to their teachers to get good marks. 23. Tom watched his sister make ... before her date. 24. The boy was making ... the nearest railway station. 25. I can’t make ... why he allows his children to do as they like. 26. Mr Smith gave the clerk in the store some money and the clerk made ... a receipt. 27. Mary is always making ... stories for her children. 28. After the quarrel the two young lovers kissed and made it ... . 29. How can I make … … my rudeness? 30. He mixed ... the addresses so that no one got the right letters. 31. I have found a new flat. The present tenant is moving ... this weekend and I am moving ... on Wednesday. 32. They moved ... as soon as the cloud lifted. 33. The fleet of cars prepared to move ... . 34. It happened twenty years ago. We met ... at a wedding. 2. Translate into English. 1. Я решил закончить работу в тот же день. 2. Он направился к двери. 3. Мы составим список того, что нам требуется. 4. Я не могу понять, что он хочет сказать. 5. Он представляет дело так, будто с ним плохо обращаются. 6. Это ты выдумываешь. 7. Это поможет мне наверстать упущенное время. 8. Она никогда не красится. 9. Она была сильно накрашена. 10. Он очень хорошо сочиняет стихи. 11. Передайте мне очки. Я не могу разобрать мелкий шрифт. 12. Вам придется выписать копию чека, он потерял оригинал. 13. Сойдя с поезда, он сразу направился в почтовое отделение. 14. Что-то не ладится в наших отношениях в последнее время, мы то ссоримся, то миримся. 15. Джемме иногда казалось, что ей никогда не искупить вины перед Артуром. 16. Странно, что она заискивает перед этим глупым человеком. 17. Я не могу понять, как вы можете обходиться без словаря. 18. Он воспользовался этой возможностью и сбежал. 19. Они не так богаты, как стараются это представить. 20. Он не мог разобрать ее почерка. 21. Давай помиримся. 22. Он сам написал эту речь? 23. Пока я ожидал, аптекарь приготовил лекарство. 24. У нее уходит очень много времени, чтобы накраситься. 25. Я всегда их путаю. 26. Поезд отходит. 27. Проходите! (Не задерживайтесь!) 28. Он съедет с квартиры завтра, а мы вселимся в воскресенье. 29. Она все еще (никак) не может решить. (Она все еще думает.) 85 pass pass away уйти в мир иной, скончаться to die His mother passed away last year. pass for сойти за кого-л.; быть принятым за кого-л. to be accepted as sb/sth He speaks the language so well he could easily pass for a German. We had some wine – or what passes for wine in that area. pass off 1. проходить, утихнуть, постепенно исчезать (о боли, ощущениях) to disappear, gradually to decrease in strength or intensity Take this tablet and the pain should pass off within an hour. 2. пройти удачно, хорошо (о концерте, вечере и т. п.) to be carried through well, smoothly The concert passed off well. 3. сбывать, подсовывать The police caught him for passing off false money. pass sb/sth off as выдавать (себя/что-л.) за to represent falsely He’ll pass me off as his sister. pass on 1. проходить дальше to go on Pass on, please! He bowed and passed on. 2. передавать дальше to hand over to sb He passed the book on to his wife. 3. переходить к другому вопросу to move on to another subject They passed on to the second item on the agenda. 86 pass out падать в обморок, терять сознание to lose consciousness The atmosphere in the hall became so stifling that two of the women passed out. pay pay back 1. возвращать деньги to repay I must pay back the money that I borrowed. 2. (for) отплатить, отомстить to revenge oneself I’ll pay you back for this (for the harm you have done me). pay sth in / pay sth into sth вносить деньги в банк to put money into a bank account I paid in a cheque this morning. I’d like to pay some money into my account. pay off расплатиться сполна; рассчитаться (с кем-л.) to finish paying money owed for sth; repay He had used the firm’s money to pay off gambling debts. He paid off his creditors. pay out выплачивать to pay a large sum of money for sth I had to pay out ₤ 500 to get my car repaired. pay up разг. платить, расплачиваться to pay money owed in full (there is often a feeling that the payer is reluctant) Unless you pay up I shall tell my solicitor to write to you. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He tried to pass her remark ... ... a joke. 2. My head thumped solidly on a rock and I passed ... . 3. The demonstration passed ... peacefully. 4. They passed ... to other matters. 5. He escaped by passing himself ... ... a guard. 6. Pass the book ... to me when you’ve finished with it. 7. The man lowered his eyes and passed ... . 8. Fortunately the effects of the gas passed ... relatively quickly. 9. I passed your message ... to my mother. 10. Do you think he will pass ... a cook wearing that 87 hat? 11. Her uncle passed ... last week. 12. She could pass ... a much younger woman. 13. When the young man heard the news, he passed ... with the shock. 14. She passed the idea ... ... her own. 15. I’ll just sit here quietly till the giddiness passes ... . 16. He passed his secretary … … his wife. 17. I had a hard time getting him to pay ... . 18. I’ll pay you ... next week. 19. I’ll pay him ... for making me look like a fool in front of everyone. 20. We paid ... our mortgage after fifteen years. 21. They pay ... half of their income in rent. 22. She had paid ... good money to send Julie to school. 23. So she fell into debt and had to pay it ... by selling the house. 24. I’m going to pay every penny of it ... to him! 25. Come on, pay ...! 26. Things might not go too well if he didn’t pay ... . 27. I felt that I would like to wake her up to pay her ... for keeping me awake. 28. He paid ₤ 100 ... his savings account yesterday. 2. Translate into English. 1. Демонстрация сторонников мира прошла успешно. Более ста тысяч человек приняли в ней участие. 2. Боль еще не прошла. 3. Он умер, когда ему было девяносто лет. 4. Он передал мне все материалы. 5. Когда произошла утечка газа, несколько человек упало в обморок. 6. Давайте перейдем к обсуждению нового проекта. 7. Лекция прошла хорошо. 8. Это было подано как шутка. 9. Прочтите записку и передайте ее дальше. 10. Его приняли за моего брата. 11. В этом маленьком городке он слыл зажиточным человеком. 12. Проходите (не останавливайтесь)! 13. Одолжи мне двадцать рублей, верну в понедельник. 14. Я тебе за это отплачу сполна (in full)! 15. Он расплатился с водителем и пошел на вокзал. 16. Вчера рабочим выплатили зарплату. 17. Ничего не оставалось, как заплатить. 18. Мы, наконец, расплатились с долгами. 19. Вам придется заплатить (выложить деньги). 20. Рабочим дан расчет. 21. Она отомстила ему за все его оскорбления. 22. Вчера я внес 300 долларов на свой текущий счет в банке. pick pick off срывать, обрывать, снимать (ягоды и т. п.) to remove sth from sth Mr Black picked off the dead flower heads. 88 pick on цепляться, придираться; дразнить; приставать to treat sb unfairly, by blaming, criticizing or punishing them You’re always picking on me. pick out выбирать to choose, to select Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. pick up 1. поднимать, подбирать to raise or lift a person or thing, usually from the ground or from a table or chair He picked up the child and carried him into the house. He picked up the phone and dialled the number. 2. заезжать, заходить (за кем-л., чем-л.) to call for, to take someone in your car My dad is going to pick me up from the party at midnight. 3. научиться (чему-л.), быстро нахвататься (знаний) to learn without effort Children usually pick up foreign languages quickly. 4. разг. идти на лад/на поправку, наладиться (о здоровье, погоде, бизнесе) to improve Dad’s been quite ill, but he’s picking up again now. Trade has been picking up again since the winter. When is the weather going to pick up? 5. спасать, подбирать (в море) to save A lifeboat picked up survivors. 6. разг. арестовать to arrest He was picked up by the police and taken to the station for questioning. 7. покупать (по случаю); приобретать to buy sth, especially cheaply or by chance We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction. point point out указывать (на что-л.), выделять (какой-л. предмет из группы других) to indicate, show 89 As we drove through the city the guide pointed out the most important buildings. pop pop in заскочить по дороге to go somewhere quickly, suddenly or for a short time Why don’t you pop in (= visit us) for a drink next time you’re in the area? If you’re passing by, you should pop in for a chat some time. pull pull down сносить to demolish (used of buildings) Why did they pull all those houses down? pull in/up останавливать; останавливаться (в пути) to stop He was pulled in for speeding. They saw a filling station and pulled in. He pulled up at the traffic lights. pull in/into прибывать (на станцию, к месту назначения и т. п.) to enter a station and stop As the train pulled in there was a rush to get seats. pull out 1. отходить от станции, выйти со станции (о поезде) to leave a station Не turned in his seat as the train pulled out. 2. отъезжать, уезжать to move away from the side of the road A car suddenly pulled out in front of me. pull over подъехать к тротуару или к краю дороги to move to the side of the road in order to stop or let sth pass A green VW pulled over next to me. 90 pull off стаскивать, снимать, срывать (одежду) to take off one’s clothes quickly I managed to pull my boots off. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He picked ... my bags and took them to my room. 2. Pick ... all the dead leaves. 3. She picked … Spanish when she was living in Mexico. 4. She was picked ... by the other girls because of her size. 5. I’ll pick you ... at 9. 6. She was picked ... from dozens of applicants for the job. 7. The weather seems to be picking ... . 8. Try this – it will pick you ... . 9. He picked ... the ripest peach for me. 10. The older men pick ... the boys and are always looking for faults. 11. The economy is picking ... . 12. They’ll look through the applications, they’ll pick ... the ones they like, and invite you in for interview. 13. He managed to pick ... a few bargains at the auction. 14. If the baby starts crying, pick him ... . 15. I’ll pop ... and see you this evening. 16. The council said it would close the flats and pull them ... . 17. I’ll point him ... to you next time he comes in. 18. They decided to pull ... at the first small taverna in the next village. 19. As the 4.30 to Newcastle pulled ..., there was a mad scramble to get on. 20. The patrolmen put their spotlight on the car, and told me to pull ... . 21. I saw a bus pull ... in front of us. 22. Her parents looked sad as the train pulled ... of the station. 23. Brian shifted forward and told the driver to pull ... . 24. Critics were guick to point ... the weaknesses in these arguments. 25. Anne had already kicked off her shoes and was pulling … her socks. 2. Translate into English. 1. Зазвонил телефон, и Джон взял трубку. 2. Она взяла перчатки и сумку. 3. Я заеду за вами в 7 часов. 4. Она выбрала серую шляпу. 5. Он выбрал (подобрал) несколько книг. 6. Вечно ты ко мне пристаешь. 7. Поднимите эту книгу. 8. Я зайду и захвачу письма. 9. Высадите меня там, где вы меня посадили. 10. Когда я была в Италии, я нахваталась несколько итальянских слов и выражений. 11. Ты не заедешь за моей посылкой, когда будешь проезжать мимо почты? 12. Он забегает (к нам) каждый вечер. 13. Я заскочил на минутку. 14. Старый дом снесли. 15. Его ос91 тановили за превышение скорости. 16. Поезд подходил к станции с опозданием. 17. Поезд отошел. 18. Подъезжайте (сюда) и предъявите права. 19. В Каире он по случаю приобрел несколько восточных (oriental) рукописей. 20. Чашка кофе взбодрит меня. 21. Он удивительно быстро оправляется от болезни. 22. Дела поправляются (налаживаются). 23. Укажите то место, о котором вы говорите. 24. Машина остановилась перед домом. 25. Машина отъехала от обочины тротуара (the curb). put aside 1. откладывать (в сторону) to place an object somewhere next to you; lay aside Jimmy put aside his pipe. 2. копить (деньги) to save money for a particular purpose Every summer he worked hard to put aside enough money to continue his education. put away убирать, прятать to put sth in the place where it is kept Put away your toys. put by откладывать (на черный день); припрятывать; put aside I put by a few shillings in order to buy that. put down 1. класть, ставить (на стол, пол и т. п.) to stop holding sth and place it on a table, shelf, etc; set down John put his drink down on the table. 2. записывать to write, to put on paper Put that telephone number down before you forget it. 3. осуждать, критиковать; унизить, сбить спесь to make humble, to lower in position, to criticize She put me down all the time. They mentioned his poetry only to put it down. 92 put down to относить, приписывать to consider that sth is caused by sth He put his failure down to lack of efficiency. What do you put her success down to? put forward выдвигать, предлагать to suggest sth for discussion The idea was first put forward by J. Good. put in 1. проводить (электричество, газ и т. п.), устанавливать (телефон и т. п.) to install Shortly gas will be put in in every house. 2. прерывать, вмешиваться (в разговор) to interrupt another speaker in order to say sth He had no opportunity to put in a word for his friend. put off откладывать (дело, занятие, встречу) to postpone, to delay I’ll put off my visit to Scotland till the weather is warmer. put on 1. надевать to dress oneself in Put your coat on; it’s cold outside. 2. запускать, включать, приводить в действие to cause to work by pressing a switch or turning a knob; turn on, switch on Shall I put the fire on? He put on the light. 3. набирать, прибавлять (о весе) to become heavier She put on over a stone. She looks like she’s put on weight. put out тушить, гасить to extinguish Put out that light. 93 put through (to) соединять (по телефону) to connect by telephone We are trying to put you through. Put me through to the director. put up 1. поднимать to raise a hand, a sail Those who have read the book put up your hands. 2. строить, воздвигать (здание и т. п.) to build, to erect He put up a shed in the garden. 3. выставлять, вывешивать (объявление и т. п.) to fix up a notice, sign, etc. for public view They’ve put up a notice about the alterations in the timetable. 4. (at, with) остановиться (в гостинице и т. п.); давать приют, принимать (гостей) to stay for a time; to let sb stay at your home We put up at a motel. We can’t put him up here. put up with терпеть, мириться to bear patiently We had to put up with a lot of noise when the children were at home. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He puts ... ₤ 100 a month to pay for his summer holiday. 2. When he gave up smoking he put... nearly ten kilos. 3. Some friends put me ... when I visited York so I didn’t have to pay for a hotel. 4. The firemen put ... the fire in less than 10 minutes. 5. I don’t know how she puts ... ... him. 6. She didn’t put ... her jacket as it wasn’t cold outside. 7. Due to the storm I put ... my doctor’s appointment until the following week. 8. The old man put his books ... and spoke to us. 9. She put her shopping ... in the kitchen. 10. ‘But didn’t you hear what I said?’ put ... Sally Jones. 11.1 had a new lock put ... . 12. All you have to do is put ... exactly what we’ve just said. 13. He puts it 94 … … a deep fear of change. 14. The Liberal party put ... a plan for national recovery. 15. Why do you have to put me ... in front of everyone like that? 16. Townsend picked up the receiver and was put ... to the Laboratory. 17. We shall have to put ... a fence. 18. She put ... a large sign outside her house. 19. Don’t forget to put the fire ... before you go to bed. 20. Our monthly meeting has been put ... until next Wednesday. 21. Put ... every name on a piece of paper. 22. The receptionist put me ... to the manager’s secretary. 23. I’m not going to put ... ... their smoking any longer. 24. She’s always putting him …, although he’s a very competent man. 25. How much money can we put ... ? 26. I put his bad temper ... ... his recent illness. 27. It’s very easy to put difficult discussions ... . 28. She took a pair of dark glasses out of her pocket and put them ... . 29. She put her bag ... by the door. 30. The fire was put ... before the firefighters arrived. 31. We hadn’t a room to spare so we put him ... with the Browns. 32. Jim puts his success ... ... hard work. 33. I’m prepared to put ... ... it for the time being. 34. At the end of the exam the teacher told everyone to put ... their pens. 35. Let me put these books … . 36. You never support me. You are always putting me ... . 2. Translate into English. 1. Я только поставлю машину. 2. Он отложил (накопил) порядочную сумму. 3. Позвольте мне вмешаться (вставить слово). 4. Отложи рисунки в сторону, мы можем испачкать их. 5. Поставь сумку, я сама отнесу ее наверх. 6. Запишите фамилию этого автора. 7. Ее манеру одеваться не одобряли. 8. Она всегда все откладывает. 9. Я отношу неуспех дела на счет его небрежности. 10. Если бы поставили ванну и провели телефон, ваша квартира стала бы еще удобней. 11. Он прибавил в весе. 12. Подожди, пока я не надену пальто. 13. Он потушил сигарету. 14. Я не могу больше выносить (терпеть) это. 15. Включи свет. 16. Погаси свет. 17. Я думаю, что вам не следует откладывать разговора с ним. 18. Соедините меня, пожалуйста, с директором. 19. Они остановились в мотеле. 20. На вашем месте я убрала бы все ненужные вещи. 21. Я думаю, что пора вывесить объявление о собрании. 22. Мы установили палатку на берегу озера. 23. Пожарные потушили пожар в течение часа. 24. В Москве я остановился у своих родственников. 25. Никогда не откладывайте 95 на завтра то, что можно сделать сегодня. 26. Ей было трудно мириться с такими шумными соседями. 27. Он объясняет свой поступок застенчивостью. 28. Он записал ее реплику. 29. Отложи шитье и пойди прогуляться. 30. Нам только что поставили телефон. 31. Убери посуду со стола. 32. Почему ты всегда пытаешься унизить меня? ring ring off давать отбой (по телефону), вешать трубку to put down the telephone because you have finished speaking He rang off before I could explain. ring up звонить, вызывать (кого-л.) по телефону to telephone sb/sth; phone up; call up I’ll ring you up later. He rang up the police station. rip rip off обобрать как липку; ограбить to cheat sb, by making them pay too much, by selling them sth of poor quality, etc. Don’t buy anything at that shop – I’ve been ripped off there a few times. rub rub off стирать(ся), счищать to remove sth or to be removed by rubbing She rubbed off the dead skin. The gold colouring had begun to rub off. rub in втирать Rub the ointment well in. rub out стирать, вычищать to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc. using a rubber The child wrote down the wrong word and then rubbed it out. 96 rule rule out исключать to exclude Police have not ruled out the possibility that the man was murdered. run run about суетиться, бегать туда-сюда to run without direction, here and there; run around I’ll run about a bit, I am quite chilly. run across (sb/sth) встретить кого-л., что-л.; натолкнуться на кого-л., что-л. to meet unexpectedly, to find by chance; come across, bump into, run into I ran across an old friend of mine the other day. run after 1. бежать за кем-л., чем-л. to run to try to catch sb/sth Run after him! Mike threw the ball and the dog ran after it. 2. разг. ухаживать, “бегать” за кем-л. to try to have a romantic or sexual relationship with sb Beautiful women run after me and I can’t resist them. run away убегать to escape; to get away by running She ran away laughing up the road. run down 1. сбить, наскочить на кого-л. to knock someone down by running into him with a vehicle The careless motorist ran down two small children. 2. быть утомленным, нездоровым (usu. predic.) to become weak, exhausted You’ve been working too hard and look run down. He is still run down after his illness and unfit for work. 97 run into (sb/sth) 1. наскочить, встретить случайно to meet unexpectedly; run across, come across, bump into I ran into my cousin in Harrods yesterday. 2. столкнуться to collide with sth The brakes went out of order and the car ran into a bus. run off убегать, удирать to move quickly away from a place or person; run away The boys ran off. run out (of) исчерпать запасы; иссякнуть, кончиться to reach the end (of a supply) I can’t give you coffee, we’ve run out of it. We were rapidly running out of money. run over переехать, задавить (кого-л.) to hit sb/sth with a vehicle; run down; knock down Two children were run over and killed. rustle rustle up разг. сварганить, сообразить что-л. поесть; раздобыть to make or find sth quickly for sb and without planning We don’t have much in the fridge, but I think I can rustle up something. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. What do you want from the shop? – Well, we’ve run … … eggs, so get a dozen. 2. What’s happened to Sam’s bicycle? It’s in pieces! – It was run ... by a bus yesterday. 3. I ran ... an interesting article while I was reading the newspaper. 4. When the dog barked, the children ran ... . 5. Have you heard the news? Billy’s in town. – Yes, I know I ran ... him this morning. 6. We needed a large garden where the kids could run ... freely. 7. She spends a lot of time running ... wellknown 98 singers. 8. ‘You’re probably run ...,’ Clarissa said. ‘You need a holiday.’ 9. He ran ... from home at the age of thirteen. 10. Guess who I ran ... today! 11. Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run … . 12. Our neighbour was run ... by a taxi and was badly injured. 13. We’ve run … … flour and sugar – how can I make a cake? 14. David lost control of the car and ran ... a tree. 15. I can’t do any more sit-ups. I’ve run … … energy. 16. The policeman ran ... the burglar for five minutes before he finally caught him. 17. You’re extremely run ..., of course. I’m not sure that I oughtn’t to tell you that you are dangerously run ... . 18. The girl laughed and ran ... . 19. It’s advisable to ring ... first to make an appointment. 20. They can’t rule ... the possibility that he was kidnapped. 21. I’ll try and rustle you ... something to eat. 22. The local shopkeepers were all trying to rip ... the tourists. 23. If you write on the blackboard, rub it ... at the end of the lesson. 24. She rubbed ... the dirt with her hand. 25. You forgot to rub ... your name. 26. Rub ... the pencil marks. 2. Translate into English. 1. Я случайно встретился (столкнулся) с ним на улице. 2. У нас кончилась бумага для пишущей машинки. 3. Автомобилист сбил велосипедиста. 4. Он удрал (скрылся) с моим кошельком. 5. Мне пришлось потратить много времени и энергии на эту работу, я чувствую себя очень утомленной. 6. Дети бегали по двору. 7. В тумане наш теплоход наскочил на маленькую рыбацкую лодку. 8. У меня сбежала собака. 9. Не дайте ему уйти (убежать)! 10. Он попал под машину. 11. В результате напряженной работы она переутомилась. 12. Никогда не знаешь, кого встретишь на вечеринке. 13. Когда вы с ним в последний раз виделись? 14. Kаждое утро он бегал по саду, чтобы быть в форме. 15. Какой толк бежать за автобусом, все равно его не догонишь. 16. Кто за вами гонится? 17. Дети разбежались, когда они увидели его. 18. Мне придется сейчас кончить разговор. 19. Я вам позвоню. 20. Президент считал возможным (не исключал) свое собственное участие в конференции. 21. Доктор запретил родственникам посещать больного. 22. Сотрите это слово. 23. Мел легко счищается (стирается). 99 scrape scrape through сдать экзамен на “государственную” оценку (на тройку); еле-еле сдать, чуть не завалить to succeed in doing sth with difficulty, especially in passing an exam I might scrape through the exam if I’m lucky. see see about заняться чем-л.; позаботиться о чём-л. to make enquiries or arrangements about sth; to deal with Robert went to the station to see about Thomas’s ticket. I’ll have to see about getting that roof repaired. see off провожать (отъезжающих) to accompany a traveller to his/her train, plane, etc. I’ll see you off at the airport. see out проводить из помещения to accompany sb to the door/ exit of a house/building When guests leave the house, the host usually sees them out. see over осматривать (здание) to inspect a place; look round Can I see over the flat before I make my decision? see through видеть насквозь, разобраться not to be deceived by sb/sth, to understand the real nature of She pretended that she loved him but he saw through her, and realized she was only after his money. see to заботиться, присматривать за чем-л., кем-л. to take care of I’ll see to it that the work is done in time. The porter will see to the luggage. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He promised to see ... the matter. 2. We saw ... him from the start. 3. ‘Will you see ... the arrangements for the next meeting?’ – ‘Don’t 100 worry – I’ll see ... it.’ 4. Can you see ... it that the fax goes this afternoon? 5. Do you like being seen ... by many friends or do you prefer a quiet departure? 6. Will you see me ...? I’m a stranger in this place. 7. The engine wants seeing ... . It is not operating properly. 8. I saw ... the salesman’s trick and refused to buy his goods. 9. They came to the airport to see us ... . 10. I’ll see you ... or you may get lost in the building. 11. Will you see ... putting the children to bed? 12. I’ll see ... that boy as soon as I get back. 13. All the parents were at the railway station seeing the children ... to school. 14. Will you see ... that customer, please? 15. While Donna bought the theatre tickets I saw ... the parking of the car. 16. She had learnt to see ... him. 17. Don’t you worry about that. I’ll see ... that. 18. She saw him ... of the kitchen. 19. I must see ... lunch. 20. We’ve seen ... two houses today, but I didn’t like either of them. 21. ‘How did Edith do in Maths?’ – ‘She only just scraped ... .’ 22. He was lucky to scrape ... because he never did any work. 2. Translate into English. 1. Кто позаботится о билетах? 2. Он обещал заняться этим вопросом. 3. Мы обо всем позаботимся. 4. Вы можете меня не провожать. Я уже здесь был и могу найти выход сам. 5. Людям всегда бывает очень грустно, когда они провожают своих близких. 6. Оставьте (поручите) это мне, я прослежу за этим. 7. Мы понимали, что кроется за его планом. 8. Я вижу его насквозь. 9. Мы пошли на вокзал провожать его. 10. Я едва сдал экзамен по химии. send send away прогонять, увольнять to tell someone to go away from you ‘What are you doing here?’ – ‘Don’t send me away again!’ send for вызвать, пригласить to summon One of our water pipes has burst. We must send for the plumber. send in подавать (заявление) to send a report or an application to a place where it can be dealt with officially Send in your application in good time. 101 send off отсылать, отправлять (письмо, посылку) to send sth to a place by post/mail I’m sending the files off to my boss tomorrow. send on пересылать (в другое место) to forward, to send after a person If any letters come for you after you have gone I will send them on. send out отправлять, рассылать to send sth to a lot of different people and places Have the invitations been sent out yet? serve serve up/out подавать (на стол), разносить (пищу, напитки); обслуживать to put food onto plates and give it to people; dish up He served up/out a delicious meal. set set in наступить, установиться (о явлениях природы/погоде) to start and seem likely to continue Winter has set in early this year. set off/out отправиться, тронуться в путь to start on a journey They set off/out at six and hoped to arrive before dark. They set out/off for Rome. set out намереваться, собираться (что-л. делать) to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal She set out to break the world record. set up 1. создавать, организовывать; открывать (какое-л. дело) to establish, to start a business An office was set up to deal with such affairs. 102 2. воздвигать, устанавливать, ставить to erect; put up They set up their tent in the middle of a field. settle settle down поселяться, водворяться; устраиваться, усаживаться to become accustomed to, and contented in a new place, job, etc. He soon settled down in his new school. I settled down with a book. settle in (into) переехать, вселиться в новую квартиру, устроиться на новом месте to move into a new home, job, etc. and start to feel comfortable there Madame gave her three weeks to settle in. How are the kids settling into their new school? settle up расплачиваться, рассчитываться to pay people what you owe them As soon as the money arrived I was able to settle up with him. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. We had to set ... at 6 a.m. to get to the village by 2 p.m. 2. She loves travelling, so she’s decided to set ... a travel agency. 3. The rain seemed to have set ... for the day. 4. They set ... on the last stage of their journey. 5. In the middle of the square they set ... a big Christmas tree. 6. They succeeded in what they set ... to do. 7. They serve ... far more food than could possibly be eaten. 8. Clare and I served ... slices of cold meat. 9. He had settled ... to watch a sports programme. 10. At eight o’clock he settles ...for supper. 11. And how are you settling ..., Mr Swallow? 12. We settled ... last week. 13. I’ll pay for the tickets and you can settle ... with me afterwards. 14. The Grants have lived in several parts of England, but they’d like to settle ... in Norfolk. 15. You must send ... your application before Friday. 16. The director sent ... me and asked for an explanation. 17. He had sent ... the rest of the family’s belongings the day before. 18. If she sends it to me I’ll send it ... to you. 19. We sent ... a leaflet to every household. 20. Humboldt sent ... his resignation. 21. Send the beggar ... ! 22. I won’t send it ... just yet. 103 2. Translate into English. 1. Она выехала в Лондон. 2. Наступала (приближалась) ночь. 3. Они выехали рано утром на следующий день. 4. Скоро здесь будет воздвигнут памятник Пушкину. 5. Он открыл небольшой книжный магазин. 6. Нам придется организовать (создать) новую лабораторию. 7. Подайте кофе в гостиной. 8. На завтрак была подана рыба. 9. Суп следует подавать очень горячим. 10. Пожалуйста, приходите к нам, когда мы устроимся. 11. Я снял этот дом, но не буду переезжать до осени. 12. Он прочно обосновался в Лондоне. 13. Они поселились в небольшом городке на юге Франции. 14. Мы остановились на ночь в старой деревенской гостинице. 15. Вы уже устроились? 16. Я расплачусь с вами в следующем месяце. 17. Он расплатился с кредиторами. 18. Он намерен установить рекорд в плавании. 19. Давайте поставим две палатки. 20. Приглашения уже разосланы? 21. Подайте заявление заблаговременно. 22. Она уволила горничную. 23. За доктором уже послали? 24. Если придут письма, перешлите их мне, пожалуйста. 25. Ты уже отправила бандероль? show show (a)round сопровождать кого-л. (во время осмотра); показывать кому-л. город (выставку); знакомить кого-л. с городом (c выставкой) to be a guide to sb when they visit a place for the first time; take round We were shown around the school by one of the students. Has anyone shown you round yet? show in провожать, сопровождать кого-л. куда-л. to lead into a room or building A servant came to the door and showed me in. show off похваляться, хвастать; красоваться, рисоваться to try to impress people by making certain qualities/ achievements very obvious I hate him! He’s always showing off about how much money he’s got. He was eager to show off the new car. 104 show out провожать кого-л. до двери to accompany sb to the door Will you show Miss Nester out, please? show up (по)являться, приходить to arrive at a place where people are expecting you; turn up I don’t think he will show up now. It’s nearly midnight. shut shut up груб. замолчать, заставить замолчать to stop talking (informal) Just shut up and listen! slow slow down снижать скорость to go at a lower speed The car slowed down as it approached the junction. sort sort out привести в порядок; уладить проблему/отношения; утрясти to organize the contents of sth; to tidy sth; to organize sth in a satisfactory way The cupboards need sorting out. It’s up to the director to sort out difficulties like this one. speak speak up/out говорить внятно и отчетливо; говорить ясно и громко to speak louder You must speak up a little. I can’t hear very well. speed speed up увеличивать (скорость) to move or happen faster; to make sth move or happen faster The train soon speeded up. Can you try and speed things up a bit? 105 split split up (with) порвать (отношения), разойтись to stop having a relationship with sb She’s split up with her boyfriend. stand stand by не бросать, поддерживать to help sb or be friends with them, even in difficult situations No matter what happens, I’ll stand by you, so don’t be afraid. stand out (from) выделяться, блистать to be excellent, conspicuous or prominent The book stands out from the others on the subject. stay stay away отсутствовать, не приходить; держаться в стороне от кого-л., чего-л. not to go to a particular person or place She stayed away from school for a month. stay behind оставаться (после окончания чего-л.) to remain in a place after most of the other people have gone You can just stay behind and do it over again. stay in не выходить, оставаться дома not to go out I feel like staying in tonight. stay on оставаться, задерживаться to remain somewhere longer than other people, longer than in the past, or longer than you planned Pupils have to stay on at school till they are 16. He had stayed on to have a drink. stay out отсутствовать, не возвращаться домой to continue to be outdoors I don’t like you staying out so late. stay up засиживаться допоздна, не ложиться спать to go to bed later than usual 106 He stays up every night until after one o’clock preparing his homework. stop stop off амер. остановиться в пути, сделать остановку to make a short visit somewhere during a trip in order to do sth We’ll stop off for a few days in Kiev to visit our cousins. strike strike up начинать, завязывать (знакомство, разговор и т. п.) to begin a friendship, a relationship, a conversation, etc. Не would often strike up conversations with complete strangers. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. Everybody shuts ... as soon as you mention it. 2. Oh, shut ... about yourself! 3. He promised to come on Tuesday but he never showed ... . 4. He was afraid the others might think he was showing ... or being superior. 5. I was showing a group of visitors ... the school. 6. Miss Livingstone showed ... a guest. 7. Over a hundred people showed ... at the meeting. 8. Will you show Miss Dobson ... please? 9. He was just being shown ... as I arrived. 10. Don’t show ...! 11. I will show you ... the gallery. 12. He’s just showing ... because that girl he likes is here. 13. We stay ... almost every night and watch television. 14. Please don’t stay ... for me, I may be late. 15. My instructions are to stay ... from him. 16. We stayed ... all night. 17. Why had she not stayed ... to talk to them? 18. Can you stay ... after the others have gone and help me clear up? 19. She’s staying ... at university to do research. 20. Alice and I struck ... a friendship immediately. 21. On the way home I stopped ... in London to attend a conference. 22. Bad housing and poverty speed ... the breakdown of family life. 23. Could you please speak ...? We can’t hear you at the back. 24. I told him several times to slow ... but he paid no attention. 25. The new clerk spent hours sorting ... the files. 26. Julia decided that the only solution was to split … … James. 27. She’s my friend and I’ll stand ... her, no matter what. 28. Jim and Mary must be left to sort ... their own affairs – it doesn’t 107 concern anyone else. 29. After three years of marriage the unhappy couple finally split ... . 30. The road was slippery, so Mr Jones slowed ... the car. 31. There was one episode that stood ... from the rest. 2. Translate into English. 1. Меня провели в комнату. 2. Его выпроводили из кабинета. 3. Приезжих водили по всему городу. 4. Вечно он воображает. 5. Пойдемте, я вам все покажу. 6. Мой друг уже пришел? 7. Он так и не объявился. 8. Заткнись! 9. Пожалуйста, скажи Нику, чтобы он замолчал. 10. Служанка ввела их в гостиную. 11. Гид провел нас по выставке. 12. Ребята выламываются (рисуются) перед девчонками. 13. Он хотел похвастаться новой машиной. 14. Он снизил скорость до 20 миль в час. 15. Говорите громче, в задних рядах не слышно. 16. Она всегда поддерживала его в беде. 17. Пожалуйста, побыстрее. Мы можем опоздать. 18. Я на несколько дней остановилась в Москве, чтобы повидаться с родственниками. 19. Даже будучи школьником, он выделялся своим мастерством среди остальных членов команды. 20. Два мальчика сразу подружились. 21. Он целыми неделями не появлялся в школе. 22. Я просидел дома целую неделю, стараясь избавиться от простуды. 23. Вчера тебя не было за полночь, что с тобой случилось (где ты был)? 24. Она позволяла своим детям гулять на улице допоздна. 25. Она часто засиживалась допоздна. 26. После пяти лет совместной жизни они расстались. 27. Эти проблемы следует подробно обсудить на конференции. 28. Я должна привести в порядок свои бумаги. 29. Врач порекомендовал мне посидеть дома. 30. Можно мне погулять еще немного? 31. Не сидите сегодня допоздна. 32. Некоторые студенты остались после лекции, чтобы задать вопросы лектору. 33. Почему бы вам не остаться? take take aback поразить, ошеломить; захватить врасплох (usu. passive) to surprise I was taken aback by his appearance. 108 take about/take (a)round сопровождать; показывать достопримечательности to accompany; show round Who is taking you about? I’ll take him around and then bring him back. take after пойти в кого-л.; быть похожим на кого-л. to look or behave like an older member of your family, especially your mother or father He takes after his grandmother; she had red hair too. take away убирать, уносить to remove Take away the garbage. take back отводить; отвозить; относить to return He was taken back to his cell. take down 1. снимать (со стены, с полки и т. п.) to get sth from a high place I’m going to take down the curtains today. 2. записывать (под диктовку); стенографировать to put down, to write down He read out the names, and the secretary took them down. take for принимать за кого-л. to mistake sb for sb I took him for his brother. They are extremely alike. take in провести, одурачить, околпачить to deceive I was taken in by his appearance. She was taken in again by the same trick. take off 1. взлетать, отрываться от земли или воды to leave the ground The plane takes off at six. 109 2. снимать одежду to remove clothes He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire. take on нанимать (на службу, на работу и т. п.) to engage, to hire Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants? They took me on because I was a good mathematician. take out 1. вынимать to remove sth from a container or from the place where it was Emma opened her bag and took out a comb. 2. пригласить, повести (в кино, в театр и т. п.) to go to a restaurant, theatre, club, etc. with sb you have invited He never takes me out. take over принимать дела, вступить в должность, взять на себя ответственность to succeed to; to assume control of a business, management, duties After the manager retired John is likely to take over. He took the job over from his uncle. take to 1. привыкнуть, пристраститься, приобрести склонность к чему-л. to develop a habit, to show a liking for They’ve taken to skating together. 2. привязаться, полюбить to form a liking for Our dog always takes to children quickly. take up 1. браться (за что-л.), заниматься (чем-л.) to start doing sth He took up golf and became very keen on it. He’s taken up jogging in order to lose weight. 2. отнимать (время и т. п.); занимать (место) to occupy (a position in time or space) I’m afraid I’ve taken up too much of your time. The bed took up half the room. 110 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. My doctor advised me to take ... sport to help me lose weight. 2. Michael is very tidy. In that way, he takes ... his father. 3. The airplane took ... on time. 4. The boss asked the secretary to take ... some notes. 5. My husband is taking me ... tonight to celebrate our anniversary. 6. The patient had to take ... his shirt for the doctor to examine him. 7. The waiter took ... the dishes at the end of the meal. 8. He was taken ... when he heard the news. 9. Sam has really taken ... his new school – he loves it. 10. Many people were taken ... by the conman. 11. Do you take me ... a fool? 12. Is the supermarket taking ... new assistants? 13. The airplane pilot fainted and his co-pilot had to take ... . 14. The table takes ... very much room here. 15. If a person once takes ... . gambling, it’s difficult to stop. 16. I took my son ... the laboratory. 17. ‘More hot coffee?’ She shook her head so he took the tray ... . 18. He took ... a volume of verse. 19. The postmistress began to take ... the message. 20. At the moment ‘Oliver’ is taking a lot of my time .... 21. I was keen to take him ... my editorial staff. 22. He’s very musical. He takes ... his grandfather in that respect. 23. He can’t fool me! I won’t be taken ... by his lies. 24. If it was hot indoors she took ... her jacket. 25. Little Tommy loves dancing and wants to take ... ballet. 26. Recently I’ve taken ... getting up earlier in the morning. 27. I’d like to take you ... for a meal on your birthday to give you a holiday from cooking. 28. The equipment is expensive and takes ... a lot of space. 29. Even after years of close acquaintance he could take you ... . 30. At first sight you would take him ... a football player, not a poet. 31. I will tell you how to get to my place; you had better take it ... . 32. The boy took ... his clothes and put on his pajamas. 33. The dreadful sight of the accident took me ... . 34. The whole day has been taken ... with making phone calls. 35. She took ... languages and now speaks Chinese quite well. 36. She’s going to take ... those curtains and put on different ones. 37. A helicopter is able to take ... and land straight up or down. 38. Your daughter doesn’t take ... you at all. 39. Who will take ... the leadership of the party next time? 40. She was taken ... as a trainee. 41. Hе took ... duty at 8 a.m. 2. Translate into English. 1. Дети ее сразу полюбили, у нее есть подход к ним. 2. Еще в детстве он пристрастился к чтению. 3. Я не стану больше отнимать у вас время. 4. Летом он брал уроки игры на фортепь111 яно. 5. Пора снимать теплую одежду. 6. Она опешила (растерялась) от его слов. 7. Лодочник привезет нас обратно. 8. Его не проведешь (его вокруг пальца не обведешь). 9. Я не верю твоим красивым словам. 10. К сожалению, я не могу никуда с тобой пойти в эту субботу. 11. В воскресенье я поведу детей в зоопарк. 12. Он с удовольствием занимается латынью? 13. Я полюбил быстрорастворимый кофе. 14. Мне он сразу понравился. 15. Вы в кого – отца или мать? 16. Я принял его за англичанина. 17. Вы что, меня дураком считаете? 18. Он думал, что его возьмут (примут) на работу. 19. Пожалуйста, убери посуду. 20. Я покажу вам город. 21. Посмотрите, пожалуйста, когда вылетает самолет. 22. Вам придется взять на себя эти обязанности, пока не вернется начальник. 23. Телевизор занимает слишком много места. 24. Я хочу записать твой адрес (в записную книжку). 25. Сними картину со стены. 26. Я занялся собиранием марок. 27. На эту работу у него уходят все вечера. 28. Во время лекции мы делали записи. 29. Он пристрастился к азартным играм. talk talk sb into уговорить, склонить to persuade sb to do sth The salesman tried to talk me into buying a car. talk sb out of отговорить, разубедить to persuade sb not to do sth She tried to talk him out of leaving. talk over обсуждать (подробно), дискутировать to discuss Talk it over with your wife and give me your answer tomorrow. tell tell off отчитать, обругать, пропесочить to speak to sb angrily because they have done sth wrong Mr Black got angry and told off the boss. think think over обдумывать, продумывать, взвешивать to consider sth carefully He’d like more time to think things over. 112 throw throw away выбрасывать to get rid of sth I don’t need that – you can throw it away. try try on прикинуть, примерить to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits I like the dress. Could I try it on? try out испытывать, пробовать to test First they tried it out on a small group of children. tuck tuck in/into разг. уплетать за обе щеки; уписывать (о еде) to eat sth with a lot of pleasure Well, there we are, tuck in. ‘Was that a helicopter?’ she asked, tucking into her breakfast. turn turn down 1. убавлять, уменьшать (звук, свет, газ и т. п.) to reduce the volume, heat, noise, etc. Please turn the volume down. He turned the lights down low. 2. отвергать, отклонять, отказывать to refuse an offer Why did she turn down your invitation? He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. turn into превращать(ся) во что-л. (кого-л.) to become, to change into He will turn into an excellent painter with time. Look they’ve turned the boat into a floating home. 113 turn off выключать (радио, газ), гасить (свет), закрывать (кран, воду) to stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc; switch off They turned off the water while they repair a burst pipe. Please turn the television off before you go to bed. turn on включать (газ, радио, рубильник), зажигать, включать (свет) to start the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc; switch on I’ll turn the television on. turn out 1. гасить (свет), выключать (газ), закрывать (кран); turn off She didn’t turn the light out when she went out of the room. 2. оказаться to prove to be in the end It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. The job turned out to be harder than we thought. turn to (sb) обращаться (за помощью, советом) к кому-л. to go to sb for help, advice, etc. She has nobody she can turn to. turn up 1. неожиданно появляться, находиться, обнаруживаться to appear, to arrive, to be found by chance He turned up with a friend of his. The book turned up in one of the boxes. 2. прибавлять (газ, свет), усиливать (звук) to increase the sound, heat, etc. Could you turn the TV up? turn over переворачивать(ся) to change position so that the other side is facing outwards or upwards If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep. He turned the novel over to see the title. 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. I had to turn ... Fred’s invitation to his party as I’ll be out of town that evening. 2. In the famous comic strip, Clark Kent turns ... Su114 perman in a phone booth. 3. You’ll never guess who turned ... at Chris’ barbecue yesterday! 4. Could you turn ... the air conditioning, please? It’s very hot in here. 5. You can always turn ... me if you’re in trouble. 6. It was getting dark so I turned ... the lights. 7. If you’ve finished, please turn the light ... . 8. The play turned ... to be a complete success. 9. The car skidded and turned ... . 10. John said he was coming at 6.00, but he didn’t turn ... until 8.00. 11. When a better job turned ..., he decided to accept it. 12. When the princess kissed this ugly frog, he turned ... a handsome prince. 13. Vanessa turned ... the answering machine before she left the house. 14. James was offered the job, but he turned it ... because the salary wasn’t very high. 15. Unfortunately, we turned ... at the restaurant just as it was closing. 16. Despite our worries everything turned ... well. 17. Who would you turn ... if you had a problem? 18. Please turn ... the volume of the TV – it’s too loud. 19. I can’t hear the TV. Could you turn it...? 20. He turned ... to be an old friend of Helen’s. 21. We’re planning to turn the spare room ... a study. 22. Some guests turned ... unexpectedly. 23. We offered them ₤ 60,000 for the house, but they turned us ... . 24. The noise turned ... to be just the dog scratching at the door. 25. The music was turned ... loud. 26. We arranged to meet her but she never turned ... . 27. Their proposals have been turned ... because they will cost too much. 28. If the music’s too loud for you, why didn’t you ask me to turn it ...? 29. Somebody forgot to turn ... the tap in the bathroom. 30. It’s a bit dark in here. Shall I turn the light ...? 31. You’ll have to turn the volume ... – she’s a bit deaf. 32. He turned ... late, as usual. 33. The taxi didn’t turn ... so we had to walk. 34. I can’t decide straight away but I’ll think ... your idea and let you know what I decided. 35. What a delight to see hungry children tucking ... like that. 36. Mary put a plate of scrambled eggs and bacon in front of Morris and he tucked ... appreciatively. 37. I didn’t want to move abroad but Bill talked me ... it. 38. You’ll find it helpful to talk things ... with a friend. 39. I told the boys ... for making so much noise. 40. He tried to talk me ... of buying such a big car. 41. Always try shorts ... in the shop. 42. Oxford is trying … another idea to help working parents. 43. That old chair should be thrown ... . 2. Translate into English. 1. Потерянные ключи обнаружились. 2. Потерянная книга так и не нашлась. 3. Сделай радио погромче. 4. Пусти горячую 115 воду, ты быстрее смоешь грязь. 5. Ребята превратили этот сарай в настоящую крепость. 6. Сделай потише магнитофон. Уже поздно, и мы, возможно, беспокоим соседей. 7. Его не приняли на работу, так как считали, что он недостаточно опытен. 8. Он появился в последнюю минуту, когда все уже перестали ждать его. 9. Я вчера вечером забыл выключить свет в ванной комнате. 10. Не беспокойтесь, ваши часы найдутся. 11. Она категорически мне отказала. 12. Он обратился ко мне за помощью. 13. Это оказалось правдой. 14. Как выяснилось, он уже был с ней знаком. 15. Он убавил звук телевизора. 16. Он убавил газ. 17. Включи радио. 18. Отключи газ. 19. Не думаю, чтобы он объявился сегодня вечером. 20. Загляните на следующей неделе, может быть, к тому времени появится какая-нибудь работа. 21. Брак оказался счастливым. 22. Он оказался скучнейшим человеком. 23. Отец отчитал меня за то, что я накануне вернулся поздно домой. 24. Подумайте над тем, что я сказал. 25. Я хотел бы еще раз примерить этот костюм. 26. Давайте это обсудим. 27. Она уговорила меня принять его предложение. 28. Он разубедил меня покупать эту машину. 29. Он уплетал суп за обе щеки. 30. Мне нужно кое-что с тобой обсудить. 31. Обдумайте этот вопрос. 32. Идея кажется хорошей, но ее нужно проверить на практике. 33. Я никогда не выбрасываю пищу. wait wait on/upon прислуживать, служить кому-л. to attend to, serve (at home or in a restaurant) The man who was waiting on us seemed very inexperienced; he got our orders mixed up. wash wash up мыть to wash dishes after a meal I didn’t wash up the pans. warm warm (up) греть; нагревать, согревать; разогревать to make sth/sb warm or warmer; heat up I’ll warm up some milk. As the climate warms (up) the ice caps will melt. 116 warm to почувствовать симпатию, расположение к кому-л. to begin to like sb I warmed to him in the bar. wear wear out 1. изнашивать(ся) to use till no longer serviceable Children wear out their shoes very quickly. 2. изнурять, истощать; изматывать to exhaust Playing with children really wears me out. wolf wolf down уминать, уплетать to eat food very quickly and greedily I wolfed down an enormous meal. work work out 1. высчитать, вычислить to calculate He worked the sum out twenty times on the adding machine. 2. разрабатывать (план); составлять, вырабатывать (документ и т. п.) to plan or think of sth I’ve worked out a new way of doing it. 3. решить проблему to find the answer to sth, to solve sth I couldn’t work out where the music was coming from. 4. срабатывать; оказаться удачным, неудачным to prove to be I wonder if their marriage will work out. 5. спорт. тренироваться to train the body by physical exercise I work out regularly to keep fit. 117 1. Fill in the correct particle(s). Translate the sentences. 1. He expected his wife to wait ... him hand and foot. 2. When we have dinner very late we don’t wash ... till the next morning. 3. Cheap clothes wear ... quickly. 4. Why do I feel worn ... after an ordinary day’s work at the office? 5. It takes an hour or so for some children to warm ... strangers. 6. He wolfed the food ..., bones and all. 7. Did your plan work ...? 8. Start warming ... the soup now. 9. We are always hopeful that a more peaceful solution can be worked ... . 10. The kids have totally worn me ... . 11. Tell me where you want to go and I’ll work ... a route. 12. ‘Help yourself,’ I say. ‘I’m not waiting ... you.’ 13. Calculate how much you owe each person, then work ... how much you can afford to pay each of them. 14. We cleared the table and washed ... the dishes. 15. He wore ... two pairs of shoes last year. 16. The arrangement worked ... rather badly for Leo. 17. She worked ... in a ballet class three hours a week. 2. Translate into English. 1. Все они – слуги короля (служат королю). 2. Я чувствую к нему расположение. 3. Это сукно будет плохо носиться. 4. Я очень устаю от всех этих разговоров. 5. Подогрей молоко. 6. План провалился. 7. Пока нельзя сказать, к чему это приведет. 8. У нее есть горничная, которая ее обслуживает. 9. За ним некому ухаживать. 10. Где девушка, которая обслуживает этот стол? 11. Он помог жене вымыть посуду. 12. Я сразу почувствовал к ней расположение. 13. Молоко подогревается на плите. 14. Пудинг разогревается в духовке. 15. Он с жадностью проглотил обед. 16. План оказался удачным. 17. Задача не выходит (не решается). 18. Они нашли решение вопроса. 19. Они разработали детальную программу. 20. Жизнь в тропиках измотала его. 21. Его терпению пришел конец. 22. Он устал от тяжелой работы. 23. По утрам он занимался гимнастикой в спортивном зале. 118 MIXED COMBINATIONS 1. Fill in the correct prepositions or adverbs. 1. I left the milk heating for too long and it all boiled ... . 2. When we had worked ... the cost of a holiday abroad, we decided to stay at home. 3. Ring this number and ask ... Bill (to speak to). 4. I always mix ... the painters Monet and Manet. (confuse). 5. I’ll do the shopping if you see ... the lunch. 6. I asked him ... a cup of coffee. 7. I can account ... her sudden friendliness; she wants me to look ... her parrot while she is away. 8. You mustn’t answer ... like that when your mother scolds you. 9. Workers don’t always clean ... very thoroughly after they have made a mess. 10. Ring ... the station and find ... what time the train goes. 11. He stopped to pick ... a hitch-hiker. 12. He would like to ask her ... but he is too poor to pay for meals in restaurants. 13. The committee left him … … the team as he had refused to practise. 14.1 couldn’t get any bread. All the bakers’ shops were sold ... . 15. James was asking ... you today. He says he hasn’t seen you for weeks. 16. He wasn’t walking very fast. You’ll catch … … him if you start at once. 17. She’ll be busy seeing ... the children’s clothes before they go back to school. 18. I’ve been invited ... to Brighton this weekend. 19. He doesn’t like being seen ... .He prefers to go to the station alone. 20. I’ll see you ... when you leave. It’s easy to get lost in this enormous building. 21. If the business continues to lose money, I’m afraid we’ll have to close ... . 22. You’d better ring her ... and tell her you’ll be late. 23. ‘I’ve made a mistake; I must rub it ... ,’ said the child. 24. Drop ... any time you’re passing, and have a cup of tea. 25. I’ll pay for both of us and you can settle ... afterwards. 26. Mother’s having a holiday; we are waiting ... her for a change. 27. He rang ... angrily before I could explain why I hadn’t turned ... . 28. An English husband usually helps his wife to wash ... after a meal. 29. It takes some time to settle ... to work again after a holiday. 30. She took ... her glove so that she could show ... her diamond ring. 31. I 119 tried ... several coats but none of them suited me. 32. If you can’t afford it you’ll have to do ... it. 33. Watch ...! That man tried to take your purse out of your shopping-bag. 34.1 pointed ... all her mistakes but she didn’t seem very grateful. 35. The Italian course started in September and it’s now March. I’m afraid you won’t be able to catch ... ... the class now. 36. There’s no point in doing ... ... the old regulations if you are going to introduce equally stupid new ones. 37. It’s your turn to make some suggestions; I’ve run ... ... ideas. 38. He may be sorry but that won’t make ... ... the damage he has done. 39. Some people can break the law and get ... ... it. Others get punished. 40. He would get ... ... his work better if you left him alone. 41. Children used to look ... ... their parents; now they are inclined to regard them as equals. 42. He only puts ... ...his secretary’s bad spelling because he can’t find a better one. 43. My legs are too short; I can’t keep ... ... you if you walk so fast. 44. I suppose you’ll look ... ... me when I tell you I prefer kippers to caviare. 45. I’ve had a busy day and I’m looking ... ... going to bed early. 46. It took him a long time to grow ... ... the habit of biting his nails. 47. My room is rather dark because it looks ... ... a blank wall. 48. We’ll settle ... when you produce all the bills. 49. She goes ... ... yoga and spends ten minutes every day standing on her head. 50. He used to be very shy but he has grown ... ... it now. 51. I can pay ... the money you lent me after I’ve been to the bank. 52. Applications for the job must be sent … before next Wednesday. 53. We must keep ... working; it’s too soon to relax. 54. The terrorists blew ... the railway line. 55. I had to send ... an electrician to mend the switch. 56. After nursing the whole family when they had flu she was completely worn ... . 57. My nephew wants to be an explorer when he grows ... . 58. As soon as the decorators have finished work in my new house, I’ll move ... . 59. You can’t move into this flat till I move ... . 60. He’s going to turn this old building ... a block of flats. 61. My shoes wear ... very quickly since I started walking to the office. 62. On a touring holiday you can move ... to a new place every day if you want to. 63. The lifeboat is standing ... in case it is necessary to take off the crew of the damaged ship. 64. Don’t sit ... for me. I shall probably be back very late. 65. The strike was called ... when the management agreed to the strikers’ demands. 66. I don’t care ... the expense; I want the party to be a real success. 67. I can’t account ... the disappearance of the pictures; they were all there yesterday. 68. If passports were done … … (abolished), travel would be much 120 simpler. 69. You will have to allow ... some extra expenses on the train. 70. They set ... on their camping trip with great enthusiasm. 71. When you have thought ... what I have said, you will understand. 72. He doesn’t care ... continental cookery. He thinks it’s too rich. 73. The car pulled ... beside me and the driver asked me the way to Piccadilly. 74. You can throw ... the packet; it’s empty. 75. They set ... at six and reached their destination before dark. 76. I don’t know how she manages to care ... ten children without help. 77. My children are picking ... English very quickly but I find it more difficult. 78. She fainted but they brought her ... by throwing cold water on her face. 79. The teacher pointed ... several mistakes that the student had not corrected. 80. You need capital before you can set... on your own in any kind of business. 81. He suddenly gave ... his job and went to Australia. 82. Don’t make ... your mind at once; talk it... with your lawyer first. 83. The room needs doing ...; it’s very shabby. 84. We must get the roof mended before the wet weather sets ... . 85. He picked ... all the biggest ones for himself. 86. You must carry ... the instructions on the packet exactly. 87. These boys are very polite; they have obviously been well brought ... . 88. She carried ... with her work in spite of all interruptions. 89. You can stay ... till your father comes home and then you must go to bed. 90. I’ll pick you ... at your office and take you straight to the station. 91. Several new records were set ... at the last Olympic Games. 92. Clear ... your books. I want to set the table for lunch. 93. You should cut ... this tree. It is too near the house. 94. The examination was so easy that all the candidates handed ... their answer papers after the first hour. 95. My plans for starting a restaurant fell... for lack of capital. 96. Our water supply was cut ... because the pipe burst. 97. The wall was covered with pictures of pop stars which Mary had cut … … magazines. 98. They won’t let you ... if you aren’t a member of the club. 99. A heavy snowfall held ... the trains from the north. 100. If you really want to slim you must cut … … sweets. 101. The two brothers fell ... over their father’s will. 102. You would recover your sense of taste if you cut ... smoking altogether. 103. Children, you must clear ... this mess before going to bed. 104. I was cut ... in the middle of my call because I ran … … money. 105. The mystery of his sudden disappearance was never cleared ... . 106. I hope the weather will clear ... soon. I want to go out. 107. You’ll need somewhere to keep your books. I’ll clear ... this cupboard for you. 108. He won $ 300 and gave it all ... . 121 109. Riding is very expensive; I’ll have to give it ... . 110. I’ll put ... my visit to the Royal Mint till you can come with me. 111. The roads were crowded with people making ... the coast. 112. He gave ... all the books he had borrowed. 113. She had invited me to dinner but she had to put me ... as she was taken ill. 114.1 can’t make ... the postmark on the letter; it looks like Basingstoke. 115. Put ... the light, it’s getting quite light again. 116. That vase is very valuable. Put it ... before you drop it. 117. She makes ... very skillfully. She looks much younger than she is. 118. He broke ... completely on hearing of his daughter’s death. 119. He wasn’t rich by any means, but he never turned ... anyone who needed help. 120. On his way to work he called ... the florist’s and ordered a dozen red roses. 121. Burglars broke ... the house and stole some jewellery. 122. It’s time they made ... that silly quarrel. 123. I turned ... the job because it was badly paid. 124. We called ... a specialist when he grew worse. 125. When the police questioned him he broke ... and confessed. 126. Turn ... the radio if you are not listening. 127. War broke... in 1939. 128. Can you be ready at six? He is calling ... us to take us out. 129. Mary has broken ... her engagement to Charles. 130. She called ... for a few minutes to return a book. 131. The lift broke ... and we had to use the stairs. 132.1 wish you would put ... the dishes instead of leaving them on the table. 133. He didn’t want to go to the cinema but they begged so hard that he gave ... and went with them. 134. I don’t believe that story. I am sure you made it ... . 135.1 asked him to put ... the lights if he was the last to leave. 136. I don’t know how you put … … the noise; it would drive me mad. 2. Fill in the correct prepositions or adverbs. 1. After his fourth attempt he gave ... trying to pass the driving test. 2. Here’s a crash helmet. Put it ... . 3. He should try to make … … his loss of sleep by going to bed early. 4. If you can’t find a room in a hotel, I could always put you ... . 5. If you want to save money give ... eating in expensive restaurants. 6. There was a man giving ... leaflets outside the church. 7. Не put ... his name for the excursion. 8. The representative of the computer company called ... all the factories in the district. 9. The situation is difficult and calls ... great tact. 10. They broke ... their conversation when I came in. 11. The school broke ... for the holidays at the end of July. 12. In this book 122 the mysterious stranger turns ... to be the long-lost son of the duke. 13. The firemen had to break … the door to rescue the children. 14. The garden party was called ... because of the rain. 15. He was called ... at the age of eighteen and spent a year in the army. 16. She was plain as a child but she turned ... remarkably pretty. 17. Mrs Jones rang. She wants you to call her ... . 18. The family was broken ... after the death of the parents. 19. The boat turned ... and threw us all into the water. 20. We arranged to meet at the theatre but she didn’t turn ... . 21. The three men who broke ... ... prison yesterday were later recaptured. 22. A huge crowd turned ... to see the international football match. 23. When he offered me ₤ 5,1 was too taken ... to say a word. 24. He has already run … … the money his father left him two years ago. 25. She took ... riding because she wanted to lose weight. 26. I can’t start the car; the battery has run ... . 27. The policeman ran ... the thief. 28. He takes ... his mother; he has blue eyes and fair hair too. 29. He took ... going for a walk every night before he went to bed. 30. I wish we could sell the grand piano; it takes ... too much space. 31. I had to wait for permission from the Town Council before I could go … … my plans. 32. He had a sandwich and a cup of coffee, then went ... working. 33. The gun went ... by accident and wounded him in the leg. 34. A hen ran in front of my car and I’m afraid I ran ... it. 35. You’d better take ... your coat if you’re too hot. 36. We took ... each other the first time we met and have been friends ever since. 37.I ran ... an old school friend in the tube today. 38. Seeing me from across the room, she came ... ... me, and said that she had a message for me. 39. The early colonists of Canada went ... many hardships. 40. When his father died, Tom took ... the business. 41. He came ... a fortune last year. 42. The policeman took ... the number of the stolen car. 43. People often take me ... my sister. We are very like each other. 44. My neighbour is always running … … bread and borrowing some from me. 45. Wait till prices come ... again before you buy. 46. I refuse to go ... now. I’m going on. 47. If a bull chased me I’d run ... . 48. Even a child wouldn’t be taken ... by such an obvious lie. 49. If she takes ... the job of director she’ll have to work harder. 50. He always takes ... his false teeth before he goes to bed. 51. They have gone ... all the calculations again but they still can’t find the mistake. 52. The party went ... very well; we all enjoyed ourselves. 53. Come ... . It’s far too cold to wait here any longer. 54. He wanted to talk to me but I kept ... working and refused to listen. 55. If he doesn’t know a word he can look it ... in a dictionary. 56. Look ... 123 the baby while I am out. 57. She kept the children ... all day because it was so wet and cold. 58. You must look ... and make plans for the future. 59. ‘Keep ...!’ he said. ‘Don’t come any nearer.’ 60. She went ... ... a beauty contest and got a prize. 61. The price of tomatoes usually goes ... in summer in England. 62. I’m at home all day. Come ... whenever yon have time. 63. Why don’t you go … … stamp collecting if you want a quiet holiday? 64. I have started getting up at five a. m., but I don’t know if I can keep this ... . 65. He had an unhappy childhood and he never looks ... ... it with any pleasure. 66. Look ...! You nearly knocked my cup out of my hand. 67. Tom is looking … … his first trip abroad. 68. He looks … … me because I spend my holidays in Bournemouth instead of going abroad. 69. If you don’t give the children something to do, they’ll be … … some mischief. 70. Mary wants to study medicine but she is not very clever. I don’t think she is … … it. 71. She didn’t really know what he’d been ... ... . 72. It’s your birthday, so what we do tonight is … … you. 73. The Cabots look … … us. 74. You’d better talk him … … his plan. 75. I haven’t got ... my cold yet. 76. You can look ... the house. 77. How did it come ... ? 78. Is there anyone here to wait ... us? 79. ‘Did you turn ... the gas?’ ‘Yes, I’ve just turned it ... .’ 80. ‘Have you given the papers ...?’ ‘Yes. I’ve given them ... .’ 81. Chop that wood ... . 82. Leave that word ... . 83. Let him ... . 84. Fill this car ... . 85. Close the shop ... . 86. Drive the car ... . 87. Lock him ... . 88. Pick that ... . 89. Put it ... . 90. When will they bring your article ...? 91. Why don’t you call ... your mother? 92. You’ve given ... the secret. 93. I’ll pay you ... for this! 94. You work and I’ll look ... . 95. I waited for him, but he never showed ... . 96. I’m glad they’ve done … … that bad law. 97. Harry puts money ... every week for his holiday. 98. I’ve decided to take ... tennis. 99. This is a difficult problem. I can’t work it ... . 100. Her new book came ... last week. 101. She pleaded with me, and I finally gave ... . 102. I think the rain has set ... for the day. 103. You always show ... at parties. 104. Can you turn ... the sound? 105. They are too far ahead for us to catch … … them. 106. I dropped … … Bill and Sheila on my way home. 107. Do you get ... ... your new boss? 108. It would be best to run away now but she could not let Jimmie ... : he needed help. 109. Alan told her that after this, he would settle ... and marry her. 110. Madame Maire gave her three weeks to settle ... . 111. We filled ... all the customs forms. 112. We stayed ... the whole evening, didn’t go to the disco 124 at all. 113. We have been let ... our homework because of the concert. 114. Diplomatic relations were restored after being broken ... during the war. 115. He went on sorting ... the flowers. 116. When I was told ... by my parents, it was nearly always justified. 117. I saw ... his intentions at once. 118. Why don’t you stay ...? 119. Why don’t you take the children ...? 120. I spent three days cleaning that flat ... . 121. It is sometimes difficult to make ... what is said over an airport loudspeaker. 122. I asked him how he was, and how his job was working ... . 123. She had fallen ... so severely with her parents that she couldn’t go home. 124. It was an intelligence test, intended to sort ... the children capable of attempting the papers. 125. I’ll talk it ... with Len tonight and let you know tomorrow. 126. Some people wanted to take ... my father’s oil importing business. 127. We helped to build ... the wealth of this country. 128. The first thing to do in a crisis is to set ... a committee. 129. I have somehow mixed ... two events. 130. He went back to the studio and tidied it ... . 131. He used ... all the coins he had. 132. Did you pick ... any Turkish while you were in Turkey? 133. Can you pick ... the kids from school tonight? I’ve got a meeting. 134. She decided to take ... medicine as a career. 135. They advised him to plan … for an election. 136. Put that cigarette … immediately. 137. Can you drop me ... near the supermarket? 138. But the scheme fell ... , despite all my careful instructions. 139. You’ll wear yourself ... if you carry ... working so hard. 140. That boy wolfed ... the whole cake, while my back was turned. 3. Put in the appropriate verb. 1. The police ... by in case of trouble. 2. We’ll ... off as soon as Tim’s ready. 3. My favourite TV programme ... on tonight. 4. People who ... up early don’t always ... up early. 5. They decided to ... off the theatre visit for a while. 6. Can you ... out what this sign means? 7. Please ... after my luggage while I go to the toilet. 8. I like my job but I don’t ... on with my boss. 9. 1 suddenly ... up my mind to emigrate. 10. They ... up our office last week. It looks nice now. 11 . We ... in on Uncle Tom when we were in Bristol. 12. Don’t all go to a hotel. We can easily ... up some of you here. 13. ‘Hello, John. How are you ... on?’ ‘Fine, thanks.’ 14. If you ... for it carefully, you’ll find it. 15. Mike never ... up his room. 16. The pupils ... their books away after the lesson. 17. Could you lend me ten pounds? I’ll … you back on Friday. 125 18. Several boats ... over in the strong wind. 19. The boxer didn’t ... round for ten minutes after the fight. 20. He had flu for weeks, but finally he ... over it. 21 ... . on a minute – I’ll fetch my pen. 22. I ... out of money before the end of the holiday. 23. ... after my case. I’ll come and ... it up later. 24. I’ll ... you up at seven o’clock and we’ll go to the cinema. 25. Could I ... in a word at this point? 26. We ... up sailing when we moved to Portsmouth. 27. This man is not ... out for an office job. 28. ‘I’ll never finish in time.’ ‘... on. Of course you will.’ 29. This magazine ... out once a month. 30. ... on with the work or we’ll never finish today. 31. ‘Shall we leave at 9 or 10?’ ‘I don’t mind. It ... up to you.’ 32. I feel tired, but I must ... down to work again. 33. After three failures I finally ... through the driving test. 34. There was an article in the newspaper that I wanted to … out and keep. 35. I phoned John to ... out when he was coming. 36. In spite of the cold weather he ... out without a coat. 37. I can’t ... up with that noise any longer. 38. You can watch television while I ... on with this book. 39. He ... away at the age of 80. 40. That dog ... on barking all night. 41. After stopping to ... out exactly where they were, they ... on at full speed. 42. Janet will ... to the housework while Mother is away. 43. You must ... round and see me when you have time. 44. My shoes are ... out. I need some new ones. 45. Shall I ... up your glass? 46. What ... up with John? He looks very angry. 47. ‘Are you ready?’ ‘Yes, you can ... ahead now.’ 48. Smile at the new teacher and you’ll ... away with anything. 49. The job won’t be easy without help, but we’ll ... by. 50. John ... up languages very easily. 51. Early next morning they ... off for Paris. 52. Be ready at two and I’ll ... you up in the car. 53. After spending a week in Paris we ... for the south coast. 54. I’ll ... out these old letters and ... some away. 55. The children are ... forward to the holidays. 56. I can’t ... without a cup of coffee at ten o’clock. 57. Can I borrow your car? I’ll... it back in an hour. 58. Jane was unhappy at first, but she soon ... down in her new school. 59. ‘I’m going now.’ ‘... on a second. I’ll come with you.’ 60. ... on with your work. 61. ‘Have you seen Ted lately?’ ‘Yes. I ... into him at the cinema last week.’ 62. I ... across your letter while I was ... up my office. 63. ... the lights out. We must economise on electricity. 64. What’s ... on? Is anything wrong? 65. Mary ... on John as a good friend. 66. His writing is so bad that I can’t... out a word. 67. His clothes were covered with mud when he ... in. 68. Can’t we go out somewhere? I don’t want to … in all evening. 69. I must ... up my French or 126 I’ll forget everything. 70. Malcolm is working hard. I hope he can ... it up. 71. I tried to ... up smoking, but I couldn’t ... it up. 72. I agreed with Peter who ... all for leaving immediately. 73. I told the salesman to ... the suit by for me until next week. 74. It was late, but we ... on for an hour. 75. The boss ... Bill off for working so slowly. 76. Children are always in a hurry to ... up. 77. She never stops talking. She ... after her mother. 78. If you ... through these books you’ll find what you want. 79. He is a pleasant friendly man who ... on well with nearly everybody. 80. You’re really ... up with your job, aren’t you? 81. Wages don’t always ... up with inflation. 82. You paid ₤ 50? They really ... you off! 83. The snow and ice ... about a number of accidents. 84. ... in and see me next time you pass by. 85. He filled his pockets with money and ... off. 86. The soup is too hot to eat, but it’ll soon ... down. 87. Children ... out of their clothes very quickly. 88. I like the new neighbour, but I didn’t ... to his wife. 89. He likes to ... off in his noisy fast car. 90. When ice melts, it ... into water. 91. They are all good apples. It’s hard to ... out the best one. 92. He ... out at the moment. He’ll ... back in ten minutes or so. 93. I ... up to a policeman and asked him the way. 94. I’ll ... these parcels off tomorrow. 95. It’s time to ... the announcement out. 96. He works too hard. He’ll … up with a heart attack. 97. The man in front … round and stared at me. 98. She ... the dress on, but it was too small. 99. The assistant ... the book up in brown paper. 100. He imitated the boss’ voice and ... us in completely. 101. ... out! There’s a car coming! 102. The children ... up when father Christmas arrived, and gazed at him in wonder. 103. She said she’d meet me there, but she didn’t ... up. 104. ‘... John here?’ ‘No, he won’t ... in until ten o’clock.’ 105. She didn’t want to go to the party, but we ... her into it. 106. A good soldier always ... out orders. 107. We ... through the list again to check it. 108. You owe me a pound. ... on, pay up! 109. Don’t throw your cigarette away. ... it out in the ashtray. 110. If the fire brigade doesn’t come soon, the whole house will ... down. 111. My room is in a mess. I must ... it up today. 112. We ... out to dinner at John’s expense when he got his rise. 113. We must ... out these drawers and ... away the rubbish. 114. The car ... down, so I had to walk. 115. The meeting ... up about six o’clock. 116. Friends and neighbours were ... up for military service. 127 4. Put in the appropriate verb. 1. They ... off the game because of the weather. 2. When did you last ... out with your husband? 3. She never really ... over the death of her husband. 4. Daughters are good at ... round their fathers. 5. They argued and argued, but eventually George ... in. 6. I’ll have to … these books back to the library. 7. I would prefer not to ... my children up in a big city. 8. Now don’t ... me down, will you? 9. Did you ... back the money you owed John? 10. He had to ... off the interview. 11. Who do you think I ... into yesterday? 12. I must ... about the tickets. 13. We ... off early. 14. Have you ... down in your new flat yet? 15. They ... down his proposal. 16. Where can I ... up all my guests? 17. I’m afraid these shoes may ... out very quickly – they were very cheap. 18. Well-off people used to have servants to ... on them. 19. I said to the shop assistant, ‘I like this coat; could I ... it on?’ 20. You won’t ... on very fast with your work if you try to watch television at the same time. 21. ‘I heard two men planning to break into a house. What should I do?’ ‘You should ... on the information to the police.’ 22. ‘Someone is following us!’ ‘Never mind; ... on walking and pay no attention.’ 23. The train leaves at eight tomorrow evening. Will you come and ... me off? 24. He doesn’t ... on with his family. That’s why he doesn’t live at home. 25. The plane ... off at seven and climbed rapidly into the stormy sky. 26. English people have to ... up with English weather. 27. The party didn’t ... up till 3 a.m. and the guests left very noisily. 28. If you want a new passport you must... up this form. 29. He wasted two weeks and tried to ... up for it by working madly the last day. 30. When war ... out, prices usually ... up. 31. He dictated and I ... it down in shorthand. 32. I ... over the accounts several times but couldn’t find the mistake. 33. What a terrible journey! We ... down twice on the way home. 34. The police caught one thief but the other ... away. 35. We are spending too much; we’ll have to ... down our expenses. 36.1 can’t... out who it is. He is too far away. 37. I can’t believe you ... those tickets away. 38. To her surprise she found that all the dishes had been washed and ... away. 39. I left lots of messages for Sue but she never ... me back. 40. I’m nervous about using the washing machine in case it ... down again. 41. Even if you’ve smoked all your life, it’s never too late to ... down or stop. 42. ... me down, Mummy! 43. It’s a good idea to ... in two hours before your flight 128 is due to leave. 44. Will you ... the kids up on your way into town? 45. 1 know things seem bad, but life must ... on. 46. I didn’t have a key, but luckily someone was there to … me in. 47. I’d like ... on with my composition. 48. My trip to London didn’t ... out the way I’d planned. 49. She can’t walk properly – she keeps ... over. 50. Jack was walking fast, but I ... up with him. 51. Jill ... round last night and stayed for hours. 52. The bus stopped to let more people ... on. 53. If anyone ... Sonia off, she goes and hides in her room. 54. Work on your own and ... down the answers to these questions. 55. Jack doesn’t ... after his father at all. 56. I’ve never ... across anything like this before. What is it? 57. We were ... up by the sound of breaking glass. 58. I closed the window and ... up the heating. 59. There’s a crisis at the office and they need me there to ... it out. 60. ... on a minute, I need to get my coat. 61. The TV set ... on, but the sound had been ... off. 62. You have to ... in a registration form before you can use the library. 63. He realised he was driving too fast and began to ... down. 64. Looking for a place to live has ... up all my time recently. 65. Why did you … down such a good offer? 66. She ... the book over and read the notes on the back cover. 67. My mother is living with us now, which is ... out well. 68. Please try not to ... the baby up. I’ve only just got him to sleep. 69. I can’t hear the radio. Can you ... it up? 70. I can’t … out if it’s a man or woman over there. 71. If you want to lose weight, try to ... down on fatty snacks such as crisps. 72. Jack had ... down with his new wife in a small town near London. 73. Why did you ... down the invitation to Kate and Joe’s wedding? 74. My pride was hurt, but I’ll ... over it. 75. The thieves robbed the store and then ... it up. 76. I’m going to tell his parents what he ... up to. 77. She ... the letter away without reading it. 78. I put the radio on loud, but Dad shouted to me to ... the volume down. 79. Are you ... forward to the wedding? 80. Has she ... you in yet? 81. He ... in the truck and ... off. 82. The farm is often completely ... off in the winter. 83. The taxi didn’t ... up so we had to walk. 84. He says it’s a nuisance but he can ... up with it. 85. She loves singing and even ... up her own songs. 86. You’ll have to ... up, I’m afraid. Mrs Newton is rather deaf. 87. His false identity papers ... him away. 88. Joe is ... up their number in the phone book. 89. I’m sorry to be so slow. Am I ... people up? 90. My father and I both like climbing so I ... after him in that respect. 91. Jack ... for his name on the list but couldn’t find it. 92. ... in the blanks with 129 the correct word or phrase. 93. No one knew why Ray had ... off all contact with his family. 94. Is this where we ... off? 95. The bus was so full that he couldn’t even ... on it. 96. The public meeting gave us a chance to ... out what was ... on. 97. I can’t see that. I haven’t ... my glasses on. 98. Dad often ... us off about watching too much TV. 99. The driver’s door opened and an elderly woman ... out. 100. They ... out for nearly a year, but they’re not together any more. 101. They tried to ... out the fire themselves. 102. ‘Why has that car stopped?’ ‘It’s .. . out of petrol.’ 103. These children seem to ... on their teachers as their enemies. 104. She ... off before I could ask her name. 105. I can’t ... out how you got here so quickly. 106. I haven’t seen you for weeks. What have you ... up to? 107. He has just ... up with his girlfriend. 108. Some couples ... off having children until they are older. 109. I went shopping to ... myself up. 110. Oh, ... up! Stop being childish! 111. The car struck the wall and ... over. 5. Fill in the correct particle(s). 1. If you are seen stealing that car the police will be ... you. 2. What are the children ... ? They are very quiet. 3. We are ... bad weather this week. 1. after, back, for, through 4. I hope nobody disturbs me; my favourite television programme will be ... in five minutes. 5. I have broken my leg skiing, so I will be ... work for two months. 6. If they are late for the meeting again I will be ... with them. 7. If you press the wrong buttons, the machine will break ... . 4. out, off, after, on 130 2. up, up to, against, over 3. away, on at, in for, over 5. over, at, back, off 6. over, through, out of, off 7. down, in, off, through 8. School breaks ... for Easter on 2nd April. 8. out, up, down, off 9. The robbers used iron bars to break ... the bank. 9. in, into, through, away 10. When she was told her mum was in hospital she broke ... . 10. down, off, through, in 11. The troops managed to break ... the enemy lines. 11. off, down, through, over 12. Sheila broke ... her engagement last week. 12. in, up, out, off 13. A fire broke ... just as we were leaving the match. 13. out, down, into, off 14. By stealing, Mark brought ... his dismissal from work. 14. down, about, off, over 15. The music brings ... happy memories. 15. to, back, out, along 16. We managed to bring him ... by splashing his face with water. 16. about, round, together, on 17. The author will bring ... his new novel soon. 17. in, about, to, out 18. They had to call ... the football match because of the weather. 18. back, in, off, out 19. My boss is calling ... us tonight at 8 o’clock. 19. on, to, back, up 20. This situation calls ... immediate action. 20. over, for, out, in 21. I didn’t mean to buy so much but I got carried ... . 21. off, on, away, out 22. The police are carrying ... an investigation into the cause of Andrew’s death. 22. over, out, off, through 131 23. I don’t feel well but I’ll carry ... working anyway. 23. on, off, away, over 24. Despite the difficulties, we managed to carry ... the project. 24. over, away, off, on 25. I came ... my old photo album while tidying up. 25. at, by, down, across 26. I feel terrible! I must be coming ... the flu. 26. up, down with, out, through 27. When Sally’s uncle died, she came ... a small fortune. 27. by, up, with, to, into 28. The details of the corruption scandal eventually came ... . 28. in, off, out, round 29. If you don’t pay your water bill, your water supply will be cut ... . 29. across, off, back ,in 30. I’m not cut ... working in an office. 30. out, out for, up, to 31. You must cut... the amount of sugar you consume. 31. into, in, off, down on 32. The village was cut ... for days because of the snow. 32. off, out, up, to 33. Most countries have done ... the death penalty. 33. out, away with, with, up 34. I’m really thirsty. I could do ... a drink. 34. up, with, out, in 35. I’m afraid you’ve fallen ... with your schoolwork. 35. for, in, behind, through 36. He fell ... her at first sight. 36. through, out, for 37. They got ... the stolen goods. 37. off, on, through, away with 38. Ann is getting ... her colleagues. 38. on, on with, by, round 132 39. I don’t understand what you are getting ... . 39. in, at, through to, out 40. He always gets ... me by buying me presents. 40. off, round, up, on with 41. I tried to call you last night but I couldn’t get... you. 41. on, over, across, through to 42. Get ... the train quickly, before it leaves. 42. round, up, with, on 43. Her secret was given ... by her friend by mistake. 43. out, away, up, off 44. He has tried to give ... smoking twice. 44. away, off, up, out 45. When milk turns sour, it gives ... a horrible smell. 45. in, up, off, to 46. They were forced to give ... to the enemy. 46. in, back, off, out 47. Ricky went... the flu. 47. down with, up, over, away 48. My aunt has gone ... that pop quiz. 48. along, back on, in for, by 49. The fireworks went ... at midnight. 49. into, off, on, out 50. The detective carefully went... the facts with the witness. 50. away, by, back on, over 51. The film was so sad she couldn’t hold ... her tears. 51. down, back, off, on 52. I was asked to hold ... while Mr Smith was fetched to the phone. 52. to, with, down, on 53. We were held ... on the motorway for three hours. 53. back, up, to, over 54. Cindy kept... information from the police. 54. in, out, back, on 133 55. My boss told me to keep ... the good work. 55. out, up, after, at, on 56. ‘You have to keep ... a word limit of 200,’the teacher said. 56. from, off, to, at 57. He warned them to keep ... the freshly painted benches. 57. off, back, on, in 58. Darren was let ... by the judge as this was her first offence. 58. off, down, in, on 59. Vicky was often let ... by her forgetful sister. 59. into, in, up, down 60. Could you please look ... this contract? If you agree, sign it. 60. out, over, in, up 61. Ann has a nanny to look ... her children while she’s at work. 61. out, over, into, after 62. Look ... all the unknown words in the dictionary. 62. round, to, up, up to 63. Look ... this magazine and find the problem page. 63. through, out, on, for 64. She looks ... everyone who hasn’t been to college. 64. into, onto, down on, in 65. We are all looking ... Christmas. 65. back, on, forward to, up to 66. We must look ... this problem and find out its cause. 66. up to, on, out, into 67. Without my glasses I can hardly make ... the words on this page. 67. for, out, off, up 68. She must have made ... that story; it can’t be true. 68. up, up for, for, over 69. They didn’t make ... after their quarrel. 69. up, for, off, over 134 70. He bought her some flowers to make ... his bad behaviour. 70. up for, off, up, over 71. His grandmother passed ... in March last year. 71. away, by, off, over 72. At the party he passed himself... a rich businessman. 72. out, through, off as, by 73 Help me to a seat;I think I’m going to pass ... . 73. off, up, out, back 74. Don’t worry, I’m going to pay him ... for what he did for you. 74. down, back, up, off 75. Pull yourself ... and stop behaving like a child. 75. together, in, down, out 76. The train pulled ... at the station 20 minutes late. 76. back, down, out, in 77. We arrived just in time to see the train pull ... the station. 77. off, in, out of, from 78. We put ... $300 to buy Christmas presents. 78. down , aside, in, on 79. We’d better put ... our meeting until tomorrow; I’m busy now. 79. off, in, on, up 80. The firemen tried hard to put the fire ... . 80. back, in, down , out 81. Could you put me ... to the manager, please? 81. through, on, forward, by 82. I can’t put ... those children any longer. They’re very noisy. 82. down, up with, on, off 83. Our flight was delayed, so the airline company put us ... in a hotel for the night. 83. out, up, off, in 135 84. He ran ... his old friend, Tom, in Oxford Street last week. 84. up, in, across, through 85. We’ve run ... sugar; could you go and buy some? 85. in, off, out of, on 86. Steve ran ... my skateboard with his motorcycle. 86. after, out, of, over 87. If you’d like to take a seat, I’ll see ... changing your ticket. 87. off, about, for, into 88. I took my parents to the airport and saw them ... . 88. out, over, off, to 89. He tried to convince us he was an actor but we saw ... him. 89. to, about, for, through 90. You clear the table and I’ll see ... the washing-up. 90. for, to, with, at 91. Make sure you see ... the property before you agree to buy it. 91. to, over, out, about 92. The cold weather has finally set ... . 92. about, down, in, up 93. They set ... at 5.00 in the morning and returned at 9.00 in the evening. 93. out, to, back, by 94. He decided to set ... his own business. 94. up, back, off, to 95. Don t worry. I will stand ... you if you get into trouble. 95. out, by, for, up 96. Sheila has taken ... her mother in looks. They’re very alike. 96. away, for, after, off 97. I was taken ... completely by all his lies. 97. on, in, down, out 136 98. When he retired, he took ... collecting postcards. 98. out, to, back, up 99. She took my mother ... the headmistress. 99. off, for, aback, in 100. He took ... the company when his father died. 100. out, over, up, back 101. We were taken ... by his rude behaviour. 101. aback, to, away, down 102. Passengers are not allowed to use their mobile phones while the plane is taking ... . 102. off, after, over, up 103. Can you turn ... the radio; it’s too loud. 103. on, off, in, down 104. In a crisis, I always turn ... my father for help. 104. away, on, in, to 105. We were surprised when John turned ... at Ann’s wedding. 105. up, in, off, down 106. They turned the attic ... a playroom. 106. on, to, into, out 107. Turn ... the page and start reading silently. 107. over, up, out, on 108. I turned my chair ... to face the fire. 108. over, round, down, off 109. Your shoes are worn ... . You’d better buy a new pair. 109. in, out, on, off 110. It took me a long time to work ... the solution to my problems. 110. on, out, up, down 111. Ronald called in at the bank to pay his first cheque ... . 111. out, back, in, for 137 6. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold. 1. With her gorgeous blue eyes, she really looks like her mother. takes With her gorgeous blue eyes, she really ... her mother. 2. Joe met his ex-boss at the conference today. into Joe ... at the conference today. 3. The puppy was digging holes in the garden, trying to find the bone he had buried. looking The puppy was digging holes in the garden ... he had buried. 4. When you go camping, always remember to stop the camp fire from burning before you go to sleep. out When you go camping, always remember to ... before you go to sleep. 5. ‘Why didn’t the security guard chase the thief?’ run ‘Why didn’t the security guard ... the thief?’ 6. Samantha inherited an enormous amount of money when her aunt died last year. came Samantha ... of money when her aunt died last year. 7. It was such a cold day that I wore my woollen hat and gloves. on It was such a cold day that I ... and gloves. 8. Do you know when school stops for Easter? up Do you know when ... Easter? 9. Cathy’s application wasn’t accepted because she had very little experience. turned Cathy’s application ... had very little experience. 10. I stopped drinking coffee as it was bad for my stomach. gave I ... coffee as it was bad for my stomach. 138 11. Someone revealed the company’s plans for the new project. gave Someone ... the company’s plans for the new project. 12. How can you bear so much traffic noise? put How can you ... traffic noise? 13. Charles cheated in his exams, and didn’t get caught. got Charles cheated in his exams, and ... it. 14. Our supplies of drinking water have come to an end; we need to refill the bottles. given Our supplies of drinking water ...; we need to refill the bottles. 15. The oven is emitting a smell of gas; there must be a leak. giving The oven ... a smell of gas; there must be a leak. 16. I visited a few friends while I was in Manchester. called I ... while I was in Manchester. 17. What are you trying to say? getting What...? 18. Although United were losing 3:0, they refused to admit defeat and continued trying. give Although United were losing 3–0, they refused ... and continued trying. 19. He was surprised when he heard Linda’s speech. taken He was ... heard Linda’s speech. 20. Paul doesn’t really like his new job. taken Paul ... his new job. 21. I’m tired of living in a flat – I want to buy a house. fed I’m ... in a flat – I want to buy a house. 22. Do you have a good relationship with your colleagues at work? on Do you ... your colleagues at work? 139 23. The thieves escaped without being punished for the robbery. with The thieves ... the robbery. 24. It’s time for John to start revising for the exam. down It’s time for John to ... revising for the exam. 25. I must go to the dentist, and get my teeth taken care of. seen I must go to the dentist ... to. 26. The telephone was disconnected because I forgot to pay the bill. cut The telephone was ... I forgot to pay the bill. 27. Have you recovered from your operation? got Have you ... operation? 28. They removed two chapters from the book in order to make it shorter. cut They ... from the book in order to make it shorter. 29. He didn’t fulfil his threat. carry He ... his threat. 30. The house proved to be a good investment, didn’t it? turned The house ... a good investment, didn’t it? 31. The car has stopped working – we must get it repaired. broken The car ... – we must get it repaired. 32. Laura has become too old to play with dolls – she plays computer games instead. grown Laura has ... with dolls – she plays computer games instead. 33. Let’s postpone the meeting until tomorrow. put Let’s ... until tomorrow. 34. She used cold water to make him regain consciousness after he fell. bring She used cold water to ... after he fell. 140 35. A bus collided with a lorry last night. ran A bus ... last night. 36. Everyone left the building when the fire alarm rang this morning. went Everyone left the building when ... this morning. 37. The doctor advised him to reduce his consumption of fatty foods. cut The doctor advised him to ... fatty foods. 38. I’m sorry to interrupt, but I need to ask a question. cut I’m sorry ... but I need to ask a question. 39. After the meeting, I continued correcting the essays. carried After the meeting, I ... correcting the essays. 40. Terry refused the invitation because he was going on a business trip. turned Terry ... because he was going on a business trip. 41. That group has just produced a new album. bring That group ... a new album. 42. While the meeting was in progress, Jill was taking notes. going While the meeting ..., Jill was taking notes. 43. She has experienced a lot of personal problems this year. gone She ... a lot of personal problems this year. 44. I can’t tolerate his bad behaviour any longer. up I can’t ... his bad behaviour any longer. 45. This sofa becomes a bed. turns This sofa ... a bed. 46. John arrived two hours late for the meeting. turned John ... late for the meeting. 141 47. Please reduce the volume on the CD player – I can’t concentrate. turn Please ... on the CD player – I can’t concentrate. 48. The prisoner escaped from the prison through a secret tunnel. broke The prisoner ... the prison through a secret tunnel. 49. Julie’s friend looks after the dog while she is on holiday. cares Julie’s friend ... while she is on holiday. 50. Someone entered the building illegally during the night. broke Someone ... building during the night. 51. When you become an adult, what do you want to do? grow When ... what do you want to do? 52. Charlie has become too big to wear those trousers. out Charlie ... those trousers. 53. She dressed herself in her new clothes as soon as she got home. put She ... as soon as she got home. 54. Quite by chance, Brenda met Philip at the station. run Brenda ... at the station. 55. Do you have a good relationship with your in-laws? get Do you ... in-laws? 56. Mary stopped eating chocolate as she wanted to lose weight. gave Mary ... as she wanted to lose weight. 57. Alison looks like her mother. taken Alison ... her mother. 58. Before the plane left the ground, we fastened our seatbelts. took Before the plane ... we fastened our seatbelts. 59. The old man wasn’t deceived by the salesman. taken The old man ... by the salesman. 142 60. The burglar escaped even though the police chased him. got The burglar … the police chased him. 61. After the man left my office, I continued typing the reports. with After the man left my office, I ... typing the reports. 62. The village was isolated after the storm. cut The village ... the storm. 63. Jack and Sally ended their relationship six months ago. broke Jack and Sally ... months ago. 64. John has gained weight recently, hasn’t he? put John ... weight recently, hasn’t he? 65. My friend let me stay at her house last weekend. put My friend ... last weekend. 66. Heavy rain caused the accident to happen. brought Heavy rain ... the accident. 67. We haven’t got any apples left, so I can’t make a fruit salad. run We ... apples, so I can’t make a fruit salad. 68. John secretly escaped from boarding school and his parents were very worried. ran John ... and his parents were very worried. 69. I’m afraid we have encountered some problems in the production of this car. run I’m afraid ... some problems in the production of this car. 70. The price of oranges has increased now that they’re out of season. gone The price of oranges ... now they’re out of season. 143 7. Complete these dialogues with the phrasal verb and a pronoun. e. g. A: Has Mary put her hat on? B: Yes, she’s put it on. 1. A: Who brought up the children? B: Their uncle ... . 2. A: Did you cross out the wrong words? B: No, the teacher ... . 3. A: When do we have to give in the homework? B: We have to … tomorrow. 4. A: Can you pick Sally up after school? B: OK, I’ll ... on my way home. 5. A: Children, can you put your toys away now please. B: Can’t we ... later? 6. A: Has somebody put the lights on? B: I think Joe’s ... . 7. A: When did they knock down the cinema? B: They … several months ago. 8. A: Look at this skirt! How can I get the ink off? B: I think the only way to ... is to take it to the cleaner’s. 9. A: Somebody’s rubbed out my name. B: Well, I haven’t ... . 10. A: Sally and Pete have broken off their engagement. B: Oh! When did they ...? 8. Replace the words or phrases in italics by phrasal verbs. Some of the sentences may sound awkward as they stand. 1. Can he give a good explanation for his extraordinary behaviour? 2. He mended the tyre of his bicycle and then filled it with air. 3. They were having a violent quarrel but stopped suddenly when I came in. 144 4. The meeting was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. 5. If you refuse to perform my orders you’ll be dismissed. 6. I don’t think you can overtake them; they left two hours ago. 7. Sherlock Holmes was often able to solve a mystery without leaving his rooms in Baker Street. 8. I found a twenty-pound note by chance in the street. What should I do with it? 9. If my scheme had succeeded, I should have made a profit of a thousand pounds. 10. He recovered consciousness when the doctor had applied artificial respiration. 11. He swore to revenge himself on me for the wrong I had done him. 12. Three thousand students are candidates for the examination every year but very few pass. 13. My sister promised to sing at the concert and though she doesn’t want to now, she can’t free herself from the obligation. 14. If cigarettes get any dearer, I shall have to abandon the habit of smoking. 15. Prices always increase; they never become less. 16. The police investigated the case very thoroughly but finally said there was no suspicion of foul play. 17. He started his journey in a great hurry. 18. He needs more exercise; he should start playing tennis. 19. It is difficult to train children well. 20. The train was delayed by fog and arrived late. 21.I waited for her for ages but she didn’t come. 22. She is good at languages. She learnt Spanish without effort in a few months. 23. It is your responsibility to make success of your own life. 24. Don’t walk on the grass. 25. He dictated so quickly that his poor secretary couldn’t go as fast as he did. 26.1 hit him so hard that he fell unconscious. 27. If I don’t punish you this time, will you promise never to do it again? 28. She was very upset over her failure but now she is recovering from it. 29. You mustn’t omit the difficult sentences; do them all. 30. She kept asking me all the difficult words instead of searching for them in a dictionary. 31. I took the children to the zoo today to compensate for the party they missed yesterday. 32. Students of English often confuse the words ‘lie’ and ‘lay’. 33. If you don’t allow me to enter I’ll break down the door. 34. The line was so bad when I telephoned him that I couldn’t understand what he said. 35. Will you take care of the garden while I am in hospital? 36. I don’t believe a word of his excuse; I’m sure he invented it. 37. He’s had the best doctors available but he won’t recover unless he has the will to live. 38. Be careful! The tree’s going to fall. 39. Never postpone till tomorrow what you can do today. 40. He dressed himself in uniform for the occasion. 41. He keeps hearing strange footsteps in the house, so he has hired a private detective to investigate the matter. 42. Whenever you are in Paris do go and visit my sister. 43. The Albert Hall was 145 erected in memory of Queen Victoria’s husband. 44. I can’t offer hospitality to you all because my flat is too small. 45. Suppose you telephone the station and ask them. 46. She is in poor health after working for three years without a break. 47. The village is so small that we are always meeting our friends accidentally. 48. Peter’s leaving. Why don’t you apply for his job? 49. There is something wrong with the television set; we’d better summon an electrician. 50. I’m feeling rather tired today because I stayed out of bed later than usual last night. 51. He lost his reputation and all his money but he had good friends and they continued to support and help him. 52. The father was thoroughly dishonest and the son resembles him. He has already been in the courts for stealing. 53. He started playing golf as he thought it would help him socially. 54. I used to believe his tall stories; now he rarely succeeds in deceiving me. 55. It is silly to abandon a good job like yours, just because you don’t like the coffee in the canteen. 56. They rejected her application because they preferred a man for the job. 57. Take a pencil and paper and calculate how long it will take us to reach London from here. 58. He undertook evening work to make some extra money but at the end of the year he was completely exhausted, and had to abandon it. 59. The manager is to turn up before long and you’d better be available for another half an hour. 60. I could hardly exchange a couple of words with him. A minute later he was gone. 61. ‘Well, we’ve been invited to. You are to decide.’ 62. You needn’t worry about his absence. He’ll be home before the train starts. 63. When educating children we ought to implant in our children a love of work. 64. You needn’t come and collect your laundry. It will be delivered to you. 65. When you are out will you go to the Post Office and see if there are any letters for me? 66. They had to cancel the meeting as the president was ill. 67. Having settled down in the town the Woods began paying visits to their neighbours. 68. It usually takes me fifteen minutes to remove the dishes from the table and wash up. 69. When summer set in Mr Brown removed all the things from the veranda and put in camping beds for the children to sleep in. 70. Let’s go. We are behind as it is. 71. The article is too long. Would you make it shorter by, say, 500 words?’ said the editor. 72. I was in the middle of telling him about my mother’s letter when we were disconnected. 73. You’ll have to pay if you want to get your flat painted and decorated. 74. We have heard that he quarrelled with his family over some political issues and left for good. 75. Though the picture was not a genuine Rembrandt, we liked it at once. 76. The 146 soup is boiling over. Will you reduce the gas, please? 77. They are sure to engage him. He is a good worker. 78. You must get rid of this large sideboard; it occupies too much room. 79. All the time of the lesson was filled up with the discussion of three questions. 80. He invites her to places nearly every evening. 81. You’d better take your prescription to the chemist and he’ll compound the medicine. 82. You may think I have invented this news. But I pass it on to you for what it’s worth. 83. Please continue your report. You shouldn’t cut it down for my sake. 84. The cardigan doesn’t match your skirt. 85.1 searched for his number in the telephone book. 86. In trying to avoid injuring the children, the car collided with the bus. 87. When the guests are leaving the host usually accompanies them to the door. 88. He tried to get round me but I discovered his plan. 89. She promised to attend to the food for the picnic and asked us to arrange about the tickets. 90. You ought to start a laboratory going where you can carry on experiments. 91. She had a passion for gardening. It is her pastime now. 92. His offence is grave this time and he won’t escape punishment. 93. She is a very agreeable person by nature and she is on good terms with everybody. 94. He didn’t want to go to the cinema but they begged so hard that he yielded to their desire and went with them. 95. He returned all the books he had borrowed. 96. Don’t you try this game on me, you won’t deceive me. 97. I don’t think I could ever get to like what is called abstract art. 98. ‘Why, haven’t you got connected?’ ‘No, I’ve been trying for about an hour but got nowhere.’ 99. Don’t worry about the frog. It can’t escape from the jar I put it in. 100. You should be very careful with her. She is just recovering from a bad heart attack. 101. The girl certainly has winning ways, she persuaded everybody beginning with the director himself. 102. He seemed so ungrateful for anything we did that we have ceased trying to help him. 103. What’s happening next door? 104. Work on the building had been delayed by bad weather. 105. Little Hans could not make progress at an equal pace with the miller who was riding a horse and soon Hans fell behind. 106. It’s like searching for a needle in a haystack. 107. ‘Why don’t Peter and Polly make friends again?’ ‘They’d like to, but unfortunately they can’t remember what they quarrelled about.’ 108. Iwould not advise young girls to apply cosmetics. The less make-up the better. 109. I’m head over ears in work now and I’d rather get them to postpone their visit to us. 110. Dress yourself in this woollen sweater. It will keep out the cold. 111. When the firemen came the house was all in flames and they could do nothing to extinguish the fire. 147 112. ‘Hallo,’ shouted the man. ‘Operator, will you connect me with the hospital?’ 113. The plane had a forced landing as they had come to the end of fuel. 114. At Hyde Park Corner Soames met by chance George Forsyte, very sunburnt from racing. 115. I got to like him at first sight. 116. If I were you I wouldn’t take up this sport. You look quite exhausted after every training. 117. Ann is someone I really respect. 118. I’m saving up to buy a new house. 119. The government refused to yield to the demands of the terrorists. 120. We offered them ₤100,000 for the house but they refused our offer. 121.I can’t calculate how much the whole trip will cost. 122. When do you think your book will be published? 123. The plane is going to leave the ground. 124. I think you invented this story. 125. I think Matthew and Emma have quarrelled. 126. The traffic was delayed by road works. 9. Study and practise. Note the use of phrasal verbs. Modern-Day Thieves Pick Up the Habits of the Past In modern day York, thieves often throw away empty purses and wallets. By observing this habit, archaeologists have cleared up a mystery. ‘We often wondered why there were so many empty purses dating from the 13th century on this site,’ one of the archaeologists said, ‘Then suddenly we found out why.’ Mr Nick Pearson, the senior archaeologist, said to reporters yesterday: ‘Every Monday when we came back to the site after going away for the weekend, we found empty purses and wallets which had been thrown over the fence round the site. They had obviously been stolen from people in the area. The thieves had run off and taken out the credit cards and cash, they didn’t want the purses and wallets, so they threw them away. It seems that criminals haven’t changed much in 700 years!’ Not Only Red in the Face Ken Rose is a company director and he has to sit at a desk all day. He likes to keep fit by running to work every morning. He arrives 148 at the office early, gets out of his shorts and vest and puts a business suit on. Last week, Ken got to his office earlier than usual, dressed in red shorts and a red vest. He had just put his shirt and tie on, when the phone rang. Ken picked up the receiver and sat behind his desk. A business colleague had called him up early. Could he see Ken later? Could he bring someone round? Could they check over some figures? Could they think of ways of cutting down expenses? Could they put the meeting off till later in the week? Ken was writing some notes when he noticed the time. It was after 9. ‘Excuse me,’ Ken said, ‘I’ll call you back.’ He had just put down the receiver when someone knocked at the door. The managing director came into the room with six important guests, ‘Ah, Ken,’ he said, ‘I want to introduce you to our visitors and I’d like you to show them round the company.’ ‘Of course, sir,’ Ken said and he got up to shake hands, forgetting he still had his red shorts on! Holiday Problems Last month we decided to drive to Scotland for a few days, for a short holiday. We were really looking forward to a quiet rest in the country. Unfortunately, lots of things went wrong. First of all, the car broke down just after we had left home, and we had to phone a garage and then wait by the side of the road for hours. By the time the car had been repaired, it was too late to go on, so we went home. The next day we set off early to avoid the traffic, but we had forgotten that it was a public holiday. Every single person in the country must have had the same idea, so we found ourselves in a long traffic jam. We decided that the best thing to do was to take a different road, and look for a hotel. First we got lost on a narrow country road, and then the car ran out of petrol. Finally, we gave up and went home for the second time. The Letter The alarm clock rang loudly close to his head. He put out his hand and turned off the alarm. For some moments he lay there, halfawake. ‘I must get up,’ he thought. Then he sat up, and lowered his feet to the floor. He took off his pyjama jacket, put on his slippers, 149 walked over to the basin, and turned on the hot tap. He drew back the curtains and looked out into the street. As he watched, the postman came up the path and delivered the post. Quickly he turned off the tap, slipped on his dressing-gown, and hurried downstairs. There was a letter from Claire. He sat down on the bottom step and opened the envelope. ‘My dear,’ she began, ‘after our conversation last week, this letter will come as a surprise. I told you that I could look after myself, that my career must come first, that I was looking for something, I didn’t know what; well, I’ve changed my mind. I will marry you after all!’ He sat there, at the bottom of the stairs, unable to grasp the full truth. Suddenly the kitchen door opened, and his landlady came out into the hall. ‘Well, well, Mr Mitchell,’ she said, in her broad Irish accent, ‘that’s a strange place to read your mail, to be sure ...’ She broke off, as she noticed how pale he looked, ‘Not bad news I hope?’ He looked at her for a moment, then a huge grin spread across his face. ‘No ... marvellous news,’ he said, ‘I’m going to get married.’ The Flood The announcer wished everyone goodnight, and the picture faded from the screen. Mr Barly stood up, turned off the television, and looked round the room. Then he turned out the lights and went up to bed. It was raining outside. He looked out across the road towards the river. ‘If this rain continues, there could easily be a flood,’ he thought. He drew the curtains, took off his clothes, washed, put on his pyjamas and got into bed. Some hours later he awoke. He sensed that something was wrong. It wasn’t a noise that had woken him up, it was more the lack of any noise at all. He got up, went over to the window, and looked down into the garden. The rain had stopped. The night was still clear, and the moon was nearly full. But the garden wasn’t there any more, and the road wasn’t there; instead there was a lake, which stretched as far as the eye could see, with odd trees and bushes sticking out of it here and there. The house was completely cut off. ‘My goodness,’ he thought, ‘I wonder what it’s like downstairs.’ 150 Letters • Dear Wendy, I’m sorry I missed you yesterday. I didn’t get up until nine o’clock and, although I set off from home at half past nine, you had left when I arrived. I do hope you didn’t wait for me. I am very disappointed because I wanted to talk to you and look at your old photographs. To make matters worse, I took with me some of my photographs but I lost them on the way to meet you. I was looking at them on the bus and I remember putting them down/away when I opened my purse and took out my money to pay my fare. Someone must have seen my photographs and picked them up. I only hope they haven’t thrown them away. I look forward to getting a letter or phone call from you soon. Love, Mary • Dear Anna, I am writing to you as we always seem to get cut off whenever we talk to each other on the phone. Anyway, I’m afraid I have to call off our visit to the cinema as I have been asked to look after my baby brother that evening. Can we possibly put it off until the end of the week? I was glad to hear that you were not fined for parking outside the city hall last week. I felt sure the police would let you off when you explained everything to them. This must be all for now. I do hope we can arrange to go out another evening, especially as I feel very lonely now that I have broken off with Jerry. Love, Maria • Dear Susie, I hope you got on (managed) all right when you went to London last week. Yesterday I went on a school picnic. I got up very early and then met my friends. We waited for over an hour before the coach turned up. We found out later that the coach had set off half an hour late. The driver was in such a hurry that he almost crashed into a car on the way. 151 Luckily, he pulled up in time. Then half-way to the beach we had a puncture. What a day! We were all worn out and angry when we at last got back home. Write soon. Love, Mary My Aunt My aunt’s getting on for sixty, and she’s always been a very dynamic sort of person, but recently she’s started to behave in a rather strange way. A few months ago she took up karate and judo, and now she’s taken to riding a powerful motorbike everywhere she goes. Last week she turned up at my sister’s birthday party dressed in a leather jacket with Hell’s Angels written on the back. ‘I’ve come to liven things up,’ she said, and immediately began dancing wildly to loud rock music. My sister found it rather embarrassing. ‘I wish she’d act her age,’ she said. ‘She behaves as if she were sixteen rather than sixty.’ But it doesn’t bother me at all. It takes all sorts to make a world. My Cousin The strangest person I know is my cousin. He was an only child, and was used to being the centre of attention, so he tended to show off a lot in front of other people. I can’t say he changed very much when he grew up. On his eighteenth birthday he shaved off all his hair and started wearing a safety-pin through his nose. I suppose he thought it would make him stand out in a crowd. He went to university but dropped out after only one week – he said he wanted to graduate from the university of life. The last thing I heard, he was trying to join a circus. Mistake Search On Friday morning at 8.00 a.m. Brian Hawkins went to work as usual. He walked to the underground station, waited a few minutes for his train on the crowded platform, and then got on. As usual he had to put up with standing the whole way. 152 At Victoria, where a large number of passengers always change, Brian felt someone push past him aggressively. It was a tall, welldressed young man. At first Brian couldn’t work out what was happening and then he felt for his wallet. To his horror, he realised it wasn’t there and it had all his credit cards plus over ₤ 100 in cash. Brian couldn’t believe that he had been taken in by such an old trick. He was furious. He certainly wasn’t going to let this guy get away with it that easily. He tried to find out where the young man had gone. Finally he saw him on the platform. He ran out of the train, grabbed the man and pulled him back towards the train. The man tried to make out that he didn’t know what was going on. Brian jumped back into the train just as the doors were closing. The doors shut on the young man’s coat, trapping him. A look of panic crossed his face as the train started to move. The train slowly accelerated and the young man had to run to keep up with the train. Just as the train was leaving the station and the young man was about to come off the end of the platform, he pulled himself away from the train and fell backwards onto the platform. That evening, when Brian got back home, he was about to tell his wife the whole story, when she asked him how he’d managed to get by without any money. ‘What do you mean?’ Brian asked. ‘Well, you left your wallet here on the kitchen table when you went to work this morning.’ On the Way to Dallas Gina: It was nice to run into your mother. Frank: Yeah. I’m sorry we can’t stay for dinner. Gina: Me too, but I really have to get back to Dallas. I don’t want to miss class. Frank: I know. And I should go home and work on that report, anyway. It’s due on Monday and I still have to go to the library to look for some information. Gina: That reminds me. I have ten words to look up in the dictionary. I have to find out their meanings and make up sentences with them. 153 Frank: That doesn’t sound like fun. Gina: It isn’t. But it’s a good way to learn vocabulary. Frank: Shall we stop and get something to eat on the way home? We could try out that restaurant we passed on our way here. I hear they have good hamburgers and French fries. Gina: Frank, you really should cut down on fried foods. You’re getting fat. Frank: I am not! I’m in great shape. And did you know that I’ve kept up my jogging for over three months now? Gina: I’m only kidding about getting fat. But I’m not kidding about fried food. It’s not good for you. Anyway, let’s eat at home. I don’t really want to stop at a restaurant. Frank: Fine. But first we’d better stop at a gas station or we’ll run out of gas. • Refer to the conversation and match these two-word verbs with the definitions on the right. 1. run into 2. get back 3. look for 4. look up 5. find out 6. make up 7. try out 8. cut down (on) 9. keep up 10. run out (of) a. find information in a book b. return c. invent d. decrease e. meet by chance f. test g. find h. discover information i. use all of something j. continue Isn’t It Good News? Rachel: I’ve found out what the problem is with the exam. Vicky: 154 Oh, good. Tell me. Rachel: When they printed the papers, they left out a page. No one noticed until the papers had all been sent out. Now they’ll have to throw away all the papers and put off the exam. Vicky: Are you sure you haven’t made up this whole story? Rachel: It’s true, I tell you. And isn’t it good news? Vicky: I don’t know about that. It means we’ll have to go on/ carry on revising. Bad News Mr Collins is the sales manager, and Mr Franks his assistant. Mr Collins: Mr Franks: Mr Collins: Mr Franks: Mr Collins: Mr Franks: Mr Collins: Mr Franks: Mr Collins: Mr Franks: Mr Collins: Ah, come in, I’ve had a letter from head office I want you to look at. It seems as if we really are going to have to cut down on our sales force this time. The question is ... can we get away with making just one of the reps* redundant? I hope so, but I don’t think we can put off making a decision any longer. Do you want to put forward any suggestions? You know my views. There’s only one of our reps I’d like to get rid of. Mr Welch? Of course. I ran out of patience with him a long time ago. Have you looked through his sales record recently? Yes, his orders have been falling off steadily over the last four years, and he’s not prepared to put in any extra effort at all. If you suggest it, he always tries to get out of it. Right. I suppose I’d better break the news to him. * reps: representatives (salesmen) 155 PHRASAL VERBS IN TOPICS Topic: Shopping l. Wl: Woman 1 W2: Woman 2 Wl: Well, what do you think of this one? W2: Mm. It doesn’t really go with the colour of your jumper. Why don’t you try on the red skirt? Wl: OK ... Goodness, I can’t get into it. And if 1 do, I won’t be able to do the buttons up. It’s no good. I’ll have to go on a diet. W2: What about this one? I think this is fantastic! You’ll look out of this world in it. Wl: Do you think so? 2. M: Man A: M: A: A: Shop assistant Hello, can I help you? Yes, please. I’d like to try on these trousers. Of course, sir. The changing rooms are just over there. 3. H: Husband W: H: W: 156 W: Wife Aren’t you going to get changed? No, I’m going like this. You can’t go looking like that. H: W: Well I’m not going to dress up just to have dinner with my parents. That’s not the point, that shirt’s filthy, and it’s worn out. Look, it’s got holes in it. Take it off and put on that one I gave you for Christmas. 4. W: Woman W: A: A: Shop assistant Excuse me. I can’t get my foot into this shoe. Can I try on a size 6? I’m afraid you’re out of luck, madam. We’re completely out of stock in that particular size. 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. A 1. to take something off 2. to have (got) (something) on 3. to try something on 4. to wear out 5. to dress up 6. to put something on 7. to do something up B a. to dress oneself in clothes or jewellery b. to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits and looks nice c. to fasten something (a button or a zip) d. to be wearing a piece of clothes e. to remove clothes, to undress f. to put clothes without difficulty because they aren’t too small g. to wear smart clothes for a special occasion 157 8. to get into something h. to become useless because it has been used so often 2. Decide what you would say in the following situations. Use the phrasal verbs in brackets. 1. It’s very cold outside and your friend is about to leave without a coat. What do you say? (put on) 2. You have been invited to an important dinner party. You are not sure if you need to wear very smart clothes or not. What do you say? (dress up) 3. A man comes to your house to repair the TV. His shoes are very dirty. You want him to remove them before he comes in. What do you say? (take off) 4. You are in a clothes shop and you see a nice pair of trousers. You are not sure if they are the right size or if they’ll suit you. What do you say to the shop assistant? (try on) 5. You can’t fasten the button on your shirt. You ask for help. What do you say? (do up) 6. You look at your shoes and see there are holes in them. What do you say? (wear out) 7. You are trying to put on some shoes but they are too small for you. What do you say? (get into) 8. You saw a thief in a green jumper and blue jeans. The police ask you what he was wearing. What do you say? (have sth on) 158 How multi-word verbs work off = removing clothes Please come in and take your hat and coat off. on = wearing clothes Put on some thick gloves. It’s very cold today. Note: to help someone on with clothes = to help them put clothes on get sth on/off help sb on/off leave sth on/off pull on/off put sth on slip on/off take sth off try on 3. Fill in the blanks in the conversation below, using a suitable phrasal verb from the list above. A: I’d like a pair of brown shoes, please. Just like those on the shelf over there. B: Certainly, sir. What size are the shoes you’ve … … now? A: I’m not certain. B: Well, why don’t you ... your shoes ... and let me measure your feet. Hold your foot straight out, sir. Ah, you’ll need size 8 shoes. Would you like to ... this pair ... and see if they’re comfortable? A: All right. Have you got a shoe horn? B: There’s one here, sir, but I’ll ... you ... with them. A: Oh dear! They seem far too small. B: ... them ... a moment and walk a few yards on the carpet. How do you feel when you walk in them? A: Terrible. They make my feet hurt. Oh dear, my feet seem to be stuck in them! 159 B: Leave it to me. I’m very strong. Just hold your right foot out and I’ll... the shoe ..., sir. A: Ow! 4. Sally and Jane are staying in Barcelona and are planning to do some shopping. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of one of the verbs in the box. find out, get off, look up, put on, run out of, set off, take off, try on, work out Sally: Have you ... worked out ... where the best shopping centre is? Jane: Yes, I ... it ... in the guidebook. We can take the metro right across the street and we ... at the fourth station. Sally: By the way, I’ve ... euros so we’ll have to call at a bank. Jane: We can go to the hotel reception and ... if there’s a cash machine near here. What are you going to wear? Sally: If we’re going to ... clothes, I think I’ll wear a skirt. It’s more difficult to ... jeans and ... them ... all the time. Jane: OK, as soon as you’ve changed we can ... . 5. Translate into English. 1. Почему ты не снимаешь пальто? 2. Я не могу надеть эти ботинки – они слишком маленькие. 3. Она была в шляпе? 4. Он принял душ и надел новую тенниску. 5. Дешевая обувь быстро изнашивается. 6. Мои ботинки сносились. 7. Я хочу примерить эту кофточку. 8. Юбка была ей слишком мала – она даже не могла ее застегнуть. 9. На этот случай она очень нарядно оделась. 10. Мне нужно купить сумку, которая подходила бы по цвету к моей куртке. 160 Topic: Food boil over Turn the heat down, please. The water’s boiling over. chop up Those are too big. Chop the meat up into smaller pieces. cut down on sth Cut down on fried food if you want to lose weight. cut sth out The doctor advised Henry to cut all eggs out of his diet. dig in (slang) Here’s the meal. I know you’re very hungry, so dig in. dish (food) out Will you help me to dish the rice out to all our guests? dish (food) up The meal’s ready now. Shall I dish it up? eat in Let’s stay at home and eat in tonight. I don’t want to go out. eat out Let’s eat out tonight. Do you know any good restaurants? get through (food, etc.) Do you think we can get through all this food? rustle (a meal, etc.) up She always manages to rustle up something to eat. serve up Is everyone ready to eat? Can I serve the food up now? tuck in (informal) ‘Tuck in, boys,’ he said when the meal was ready. tuck into (food, etc.) Sue sat down, smiled and at once tucked into her dinner. wolf (food) down You should eat slowly. You always wolf everything down. 161 1. Complete the paragraph, using a suitable phrasal verb from the list below. chop up drop in pour in boil over jump up cut up put in rustle up sit down tuck in dish out take out When I … … to see Joe, he asked me to stay for a meal. ‘I’ll soon ... something ... for us,’ he said. I was about to sit down when he said, ‘Before you sit down, could you … … a saucepan and … … about two litres of water?’ After he had put the water on the cooker, he … … and began to tell me about all the dishes he could make. Suddenly he … … and ran to the cooker. ‘Oh dear!’ he cried. ‘You’ve let the water … …!’ The next moment he turned to me again. ‘Can you see a packet of hot sour mix?’ he asked. I pointed to a small packet under his nose. He took the lid off the saucepan, … … the hot sour mix and began to stir vigorously. ‘If you … … some small pieces of chicken, I can add them to the soup,’ he said, handing me a knife. After the soup had been cooking for twenty minutes or so, Joe then asked me to wash some lettuce and ... it ... . ‘Now … … the soup in those small bowls and serve it with the chopped lettuce,’ he told me. ‘Then … … and enjoy the soup I’ve made!’ 2. You have a friend who is becoming overweight. What advice would you give them about food and eating? (Use a phrasal verb containing cut in your answer.) 3. Complete the conversation, using phrasal verbs from the list at the beginning of this unit. Use a different verb in each gap. A: Shall we … … tonight? B: No, let’s … … I just feel like staying at home. A: But have we got enough food for a meal? B: Yes, I can soon … … something you like. Why don’t you watch TV while I do the cooking? (30 minutes later) 162 B: It’s ready. Shall I ... it ... now? A: Yes, please. This programme’s almost over. B: Good. Here it is, so ... … . It’s chicken – your favourite. A: You’ve given me too many potatoes. I don’t think I can ... ... them all. Take some off my plate and have them yourself. B: No, thanks. I’m trying to … … potatoes. I’ve got to lose weight. Anyway, I’m sure you can eat it all. You usually ... ... everything on your plate. A: Yes, but it’s different tonight. I ate some chocolates while you were cooking! How multi-word verbs work up The particle up can be used with some verbs to give the idea of completion. We’d better drink up. The bar closes in five minutes. In this sentence, drink up = finish drinking. Several verbs use up in this way. eat up tidy up wash up dry up clean up clear up 4. Use the multi-word verbs above to correct the following sentences. 1. Look at all these dirty dishes. I really don’t feel like doing them. Could you eat them up? 2. My room looks like a bomb hit it. I can’t find anything. I must dry it up. 3. ‘Tidy up all your vegetables or you won’t grow big and strong,’ my mother used to tell me. 4. After the party her friends offered to help her wash up the mess. 5. I’ll wash the dishes if you clean them up. 163 5. What is the general meaning of the particle up when used with the group of verbs below? 1. I felt so angry that I tore up the letter. 2. The workmen have started to dig up the road. 3. Let’s make a model castle; we can cut up the cardboard. 4. We can all have a piece of cake if we divide it up. 5. Mr White is in the yard chopping up wood. 6. The ship went on the rocks in the storm and broke up. 7. He’s smashed up his new car. 6. Translate into English. 1. Пойду раздобуду что-нибудь на ужин. 2. Вот торт. Налетайте. 3. Мне велели меньше курить. 4. Врач сказал мне, чтобы я отказался от жирного и спиртного. 5. Порежь мясо на мелкие кусочки. 6. Я не люблю обедать в ресторанах, я предпочитаю обедать дома. 7. Время подавать рыбу. 8. Он набросился на ветчину. 9. Выключи плиту. Вода выкипает. 10. Он с жадностью проглотил ужин. Topic: Holidays. Travelling Getting Away from It All 1. I: Interviewer J: Jean I: Hello. I work for Sun Tour holidays and I’m interviewing people about their last holiday. Would you mind answering a few questions for our survey? J: No, not at all. I: Thank you. Firstly, could you tell me about your travel arrangements? Did you experience any difficulties in reaching your destination? J: Well, our plane didn’t take off on time. It was delayed five hours, so we didn’t get to Cyprus until three in the morning and we were very tired when we got there. But there was a coach at the airport waiting to pick us up and it dropped us off at the hotel in time for breakfast, so that was all right. 164 I: And how was the hotel? J: Well, we were a little disappointed with the room. It didn’t have a balcony and it looked out onto some rather ugly, noisy streets, but the beach was just a stone’s throw away – it only took us a couple of minutes to get there. I: And how important are holidays to you? J: Oh, we always look forward to going on holiday. We always make sure we get away at least once a year. 2. I: Interviewer A: Andy I: Could you tell me first about your travel arrangements? Did you have any problems with them? A: We had no problems flying out, but coming back was awful. We checked out of the hotel early Saturday morning and set off for the airport by taxi. We were supposed to get back to London in the afternoon, but our plane didn’t touch down until Sunday at four in the morning, so we were absolutely worn out when we got home. I: Oh, and why was there such a delay? A: Technical difficulties, they said. Something wrong with the engine. I: And apart from that, how was the rest of the holiday? A: Oh, it was great. I took up windsurfing and I want to go back and do it again next year. I: And how important are holidays to you? A: I think they’re important. You need a change, you need to see somewhere different. Travel broadens the mind, doesn’t it? 3. I: Interviewer S: Susan I: And what was your last holiday like? S: Marvellous, absolutely marvellous. We went to Rome and we met up with some very nice people from Manchester. We looked round the city together and saw all the sights – the Colosseum and St. Peter’s ... And on the way back to England we stopped off in Paris and spent a couple of days there. We had a marvellous time. 165 I: And how important are holidays to you? S: Oh, it’s good to get away from it all and forget all your worries and problems, even if it’s only for a few days. 4. I: Interviewer S: Sheila I: So could you tell me about your last holiday? S: It was a complete disaster, and it was a pity, because I was really looking forward to it. The plane didn’t take off on time – it was delayed six hours! The flight was awful – I suffered from air-sickness all the way. My hotel room was small and dirty. I complained about it to the manager and I insisted on having a different room, and I even succeeded in getting one, but it was just the same! I: Goodness, it sounds terrible. S: I was really disappointed with the beach – it was ugly and miles from the hotel. No, the whole thing was a complete disaster. In the end I couldn’t wait to get back home. I: So you weren’t at all satisfied with your holiday? S: No, I wasn’t. I’d never go back there again! I: And how important are holidays to you? S: Very. I love visiting beautiful places. That’s why I was so angry about the holiday and with the man who booked it for me. I: Yes, I’m sure you were. Which company did you book your holiday with? S: Sun Tour Holidays. I: Oh... 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. А В 1. to take off a. to leave a hotel after paying the bill 2. to pick someone up b. to break one’s journey for a short time 3. to drop someone off c. to leave the ground and begin flying 166 4. to get away 5 to check out 6. to set off 7. to get back 8. to touch down 9. to look round 10. to stop off d. to walk round a place in order to see what it is like e. to have a holiday f. to drive someone where they want to go and leave them there g. to begin a journey h. to collect someone by car or coach, to stop and give someone a lift i. to land after a flight (somewhere) j. to arrive back at the place you started from 2. Decide what you would say in each situation, using multiword verbs from this unit. The first sentence has been done for you. 1. You are at the airport and you want to know what time the plane departs. What do you say? e.g. What time does the plane take off? 2. You are going on a coach trip with some friends and you want to know what time it starts. What do you say? 3. Your friend is giving you a lift in her car. You want her to let you out at the station. What do you say? 4. Your friend is going out and you want to know what time she will return. What do you say? 5. You want your friend to collect you by car at 6.00 o’clock. What do you say? 6. You are staying at a hotel and you want to know what time you have to vacate your room. You go to the receptionist. What do you say? 7. You are on a plane flying to Madrid and you want to know what time the plane lands. What do you say? 8. You are going to Oxford to see a play and you want to know if there will be time to see the town. What do you say? 9. You are on your way home with a friend. You want to suggest that you both go into a bar for a drink. What do you say? 167 10. Last summer you did extra work for your boss instead of going on holiday. He asks you if you would like to do the same thing this year. You think you need to have a holiday this summer. What do you say? 3. You are on holiday in Rhodes. Your travel representative leaves you a note giving details of an excursion to the nearby island of Symi. Fill in the missing words. Trip to the island of Symi Hi there! The arrangements for tomorrow’s trip to the island of Symi are as follows: The coach will ... us ... at 7.00 a.m. outside the post office – so remember to set your alarm clock! It will take us to Rhodes harbour and then we’ll catch the ferry to the island of Symi. When we get there, another coach will ... us ... and take us to the main town. We will have about two hours to ... the shops and have lunch. At 3.00 p.m. we’ll... for the village of Pixos. At 5.00 we’ll catch the ferry again and we’ll ... to Rhodes harbour at about 7.00. Another coach will ... us ... and we’ll ... somewhere for a meal on the way back. The coach will ... us ... at the post office around 10.00, so you’ll probably ... to your apartment about 10.15. See you tomorrow, Sharon 4. Complete the following story by choosing the second word of each phrasal verb. We were looking forward to/on our holiday but the night before we were going to leave we stayed down/up talking until about three o’clock. We didn’t hear the alarm clock so we got up/in late and we were late getting to the airport. When we went to check in/up, we were lucky because some passengers hadn’t shown up/out so there 168 were still some seats left. When we got on the plane, Tim was a bit nervous because he hadn’t flown before but I gave him a pill and that calmed him down/out. The cabin crew told us to turn in/off our mobiles. Then the lights went up/off and Tim thought something was wrong but I pointed out/up that they always do that before the plane takes out/off. When we got to Rome we went to pick up/off our cases. Mine was one of the first to come out, but Tim’s didn’t appear. We hung about/up for a long time but it didn’t turn out/up. We went to an office to report it and Tim had to fill in/on all his details on a form. After several phone calls it turned out/up that Tim’s case was in Athens. Luckily we got it back that same evening. As soon as it arrived, Tim pulled out/off his sweaty clothes, had a cold shower and put in/on a clean shirt and trousers. We were just in time to go and have dinner. How multi-word verbs work back The particle back is often used with verbs to give the meaning of someone or something returning to the place where he/she/it was before. What time will you be back tonight? It can also be used to give the idea of reciprocating an action, that is, repeating a similar action. I’ve received a letter inviting us to a party. Shall I write back and accept the invitation? 5. Work with your partner. Look at the verbs below and think of sentences to illustrate what they mean. Say if the verbs have the idea of returning or repeating a similar action (reciprocating). ring/phone/call someone back put something back pay something back play something back give something back drive (someone) back take something back send something back walk back shout back fly back turn back 169 away/off = towards another place, from here to there We’re going away on holiday tomorrow. The small boy threw a stone at the window and ran off. I don’t want to see you again. Go awayl Note: Away suggests ‘for a long time’ or ‘for ever’. drive away /off, frighten sb away/off run away, fly away, go away (and not come back soon) throw sth away, take sth away run off, fly off, go off (but not go far) 6. Look at the pictures below and write answers to the questions. 1. Why don’t you apologise to Mr Talbolt? I can’t. He’s driven off. 2. Have you still got your parrot? 170 3. Where’s your dog? 4. What shall I do with the rest of the cake? 5. What are they doing with the furniture? 6. Are Mr and Mrs Rosario in? 171 7. Translate into English. 1. Когда они отправились в путь? 2. Высадите меня на углу. 3. Я осмотрел лабораторию. 4. Я заеду за тобой в шесть часов. 5. Он расплатился в гостинице и уехал. 6. Самолет вылетает в 10 часов. 7. Самолет приземлился в 7 часов. 8. В июле мне, наконец, удалось вырваться (уехать) в отпуск. 9. Моя подруга остановилась в Минске, чтобы повидаться со мной. 10. Когда он вернется, скажите ему, чтобы он подождал. Topic: Travelling. Traffic break down drive off/away drive on fill (a petrol tank) up go through (traffic lights) knock sb/sth down pull in/over pull out pull up slow down speed up 172 The bus has broken down. We have to get out and walk. Ann drove off after the accident without telling the police. Don’t stop here. Drive on to the next garage. I’ve got very little petrol left. I’d better fill up at the next garage. Look at that car. It went through the red lights. The bus has just knocked poor Danny down. The police signalled to me to pull in / over and stop at the side of the busy road. Dave suddenly pulled out into the middle of the road. I’ll pull up here so you can get out of the car. You’re going too fast. Slow down! We’re crawling. Can you speed up a little or I’ll be late. 1. Fill in the blanks in the questionnaire below. (Note that most of the phrasal verbs used are concerned with travelling and are in the list above, but a few other common phrasal verbs are also used.) 1. The car you are travelling in breaks .... Do you a) get... and walk? b) try to repair it? с) ring ... the nearest garage? 2. It is dark, and you have just got into your car. What is the first thing you do? a) Start the engine. b) Turn the headlights ... с) Fasten your seat belt. 3. You accidentally knock someone ..., but you don’t think the person is badly injured. Do you a) slow ... to see they are all right and then drive ...? b) pull ..., give them first aid and then go to the nearest telephone? с) pick the person ... and drive ... to the nearest hospital? 4. You get in your car and you are about to leave. Do you first a) look in your rear mirror to make sure there are no cars behind? b) put your hand ... and pull... into the middle of the road? c) switch ... your indicator and then drive ... slowly? 5. You have some petrol but not a lot, and you see a petrol station. Do you a) drive ... and try to get to your destination? b) slow ... and look out for the next petrol station? с) pull... and fill...? 6. The lights are changing from green to amber. Do you a) pull ...? b) speed ... and go straight ... them? с) slow ... a little but drive ...? 173 Now answer the questions to find out how good a driver you are. Then check your answers using the scores below. 1. A1 B3 C2 2. A2 B1 C3 3. A1 B3 C2 16 – 18 points = You are probably a very good driver. 12 – 15 points = You are an average driver. Below 12 points = Don’t go near a car! 4. A3 B1 C2 5. A1 B2 C3 6. A3 B1 C2 check (sth) in see sb off set off take off hold sb/sth up (often passive) Let’s check our luggage in first and then have a coffee. All Anna’s friends went to the station to see her off. Let’s set off early and then we can arrive before lunch. The plane took off a few minutes after we’d got on. Our flight was held up by the airport workers’ strike. 2. Complete the conversation, using a suitable phrasal verb which means the same as the verb or phrase in italics. A: What time did you ... from home this morning? B: We left at half past six. A: How long did it take you to get to the airport? B: Only half an hour. We reached the airport at seven. A: Did you … … as soon as you arrived? B: Yes, we handed in our tickets and gave in our luggage then. A: Did anyone go with you to ... you ...? 174 B: Yes, my brother came with us to say goodbye. A: What time did your plane … … ? B: It didn’t leave until half past nine, so we had plenty of time to talk. A: But I thought it should have left at ten past eight. Why was it … … ? B: It was the fog that delayed us. We were very lucky to be able to leave. How multi-word verbs work up = towards, as far as The small boy ran up to his mother and burst into tears. come up drive up run up walk up 3. Complete the paragraph, using a suitable phrasal verb from the list above. Use each verb once only and put it in its correct form. Ted Short is a trainee policeman. Yesterday was his first day on duty, and he had to patrol the town all day. For several hours nothing at all happened. Eventually, however, a young woman slowly … … to him and asked the way to the nearest hospital. A minute later a man … … and said he’d been robbed. At the same time a car … … , and the driver reported an accident. Ted was amazed. Nothing had happened all day, and then three people had ... to him within a few minutes. 4. Translate into English. 1. Стена разрушилась. 2. Они уехали два часа тому назад. 3. Ты уже залил бензин в бак? 4. Его сшиб автобус. 5. Они быстро остановились. 6. Когда они прибыли в гостиницу? 7. Мы поехали провожать его на аэродром. 8. Когда вылетает самолет? 9. Извините меня, что я опоздал. Я застрял в дорожной пробке. 175 10. Он увидел на дороге лошадь и притормозил. 11. Я опаздывала и попросила водителя ехать побыстрее. My Nightmare Journey The worst journey I have ever made was the time when I had to go to London for a job interview. I was living in York, in the north of England, at the time and my car was under repair. I planned to go by train, but a friend called Martin said, ‘No, don’t go by train. You know how unreliable they are. They never run on time. I’m going to London next week, so I can give you a lift.’ I told him I had to be at the interview by 3.00 o’clock without fail. He assured me we would arrive in time. ‘Don’t worry,’ he said. ‘We’ll be there in no time.’ The following weekend Martin picked me up at 8.30 a.m. He said his alarm clock hadn’t gone off and he had overslept, so we set off later than we had planned. My mother was quite excited by the idea of my going to London for an interview, and she came to the front door to see us off. Unfortunately, it was the rush hour, and we were held up in a traffic jam for the next thirty minutes, but eventually the road was clear and we headed for the motorway. I noticed we were short of petrol and pointed this out to Martin. ‘Aren’t we going to run out of petrol quite soon?’ I said. ‘No, don’t worry, there’s plenty left,’ he said. Five minutes later the car came to a standstill. We were out of petrol. Martin told me not to worry and said he was sure there was a petrol station somewhere nearby. He got out of the car and walked off. Much to my surprise, he came back ten minutes later with a can full of petrol. He put the petrol in the tank, got in, and we drove off. I felt more relaxed now, and thought that everything would be all right. Two miles later the car broke down. I didn’t panic, but I could feel the nervous tension building up in my stomach. ‘Don’t worry,’ he said, ‘I know what’s wrong with it. I’ll fix it in no time at all.’ An hour later he was still under the car trying to repair it - but without success. Then another car pulled up next to us and the driver asked if we needed any help. He asked where we were heading for, and when we told him, he pointed out we were going in the wrong direction. He repaired the car, we thanked him for helping us, and we set off again. I don’t know how it happened, but instead of arriving in London we ended up in Manchester. 176 Martin told me not to worry. He said he knew a quick route to London from Manchester that would reduce our journey time by half. This sounded too good to be true, but I tried to believe him. He said that if we drove fast, we would make up for lost time. To some extent this was true, because he did drive faster, but unfortunately a police car caught up with us and told us to pull over to the side of the road. The policeman fined him for speeding and we drove off. We continued our journey. We were near London when it started to rain. Martin switched on the windscreen wipers, but we couldn’t see the road very well. A few minutes later we couldn’t make out anything because the rain was so heavy. I warned him about the dangers of driving on wet roads, but instead of slowing down, he speeded up. He said it was getting late. Fortunately, we finally found the street where my interview was to take place. Martin turned to me and said, ‘Better late than never.’ As he said this, a car pulled out in front of us without warning. Martin managed to swerve just in time to avoid hitting it – but he ran into a parked car instead. The parked car was beyond repair – it was a complete write-off. Martin got out of the car and told the other driver he was responsible for the accident. The other driver blamed Martin for what had happened. I left them arguing and went in for my interview. I apologized for being five minutes late, but they said it was all right because the interviewer hadn’t arrived yet. When he came in, I recognized him – it was the man who had pulled out in front of us. I didn’t get the job. 1. Match the verbs in A with the def initions in B. A 1. to break down 2. to pull over 3. to hold someone/ something up 4. to pull out 5. to see someone off B a. to manage to see or read something b. to have no more of something c. to find yourself in a place or situation that you had not intended d. to delay someone or something e. to move or travel towards somewhere 177 6. to end up somewhere 7. to pull up 8. to head for somewhere 9. to run out (of something) 10. to make something out f. to stop working because of mechanical failure (of a vehicle or machine) g. to accompany someone to a place of departure and say goodbye h. to slow down and stop a vehicle i. to drive a vehicle into a different or faster lane (in order to overtake) j. to move a vehicle closer to the side of the road either to stop or to allow other vehicles to pass 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. 1. You look in the fridge and see there is no milk. What do you say? (run out of) We’ve run out of milk. 2. You arrive late for a meeting because you were delayed in a traffic jam. What do you say? (hold up) I’m sorry, I’m late. I was held up in a traffic jam. 3. You want to know if your parents will come with you to the airport to say goodbye when you leave. What do you say to them? (see off) Will you see me off at the airport? 4. Your friend is reading a letter but the handwriting is not very clear. She asks you to try and read one of the words for her. You try but you can’t. What do you say? (make out) I’m sorry, I can’t make it out. 5. You are talking to someone at a motorway restaurant. He tells you he is driving north. You want to know what his destination is. What do you say? (head for) Where are you heading for? 178 6. You’re in a taxi and you want the driver to stop outside the bank. What do you say? (pull up) Can you pull up outside the bank, please? 7. You’re in your car on the motorway and it stops working. You phone a garage for help. What do you say? (break down) My car has broken down on the motorway. Can you help me, please? 8. You want the driver of another car to move his car closer to the side of the road so that you can pass in your car. What do you say? (pull over) Can you pull over, please? 9. You are in your friend’s car and you see another car begin to move out in front of you. You want to warn your friend. What do you say? (pull out) Watch out! That car’s going to pull out! 10. You are in your friend’s car and your friend isn’t driving very carefully. You are frightened the journey will end with you both in hospital. What do you say? (end up) If you don’t drive more carefully, we’ll end up in hospital. • Make up your own sentences using the same phrasal verbs. How multi-word verbs work up The particle up can be used with some verbs to give the idea of an increase in quantity or intensity. We must hurry up or we’re going to be late. Instead of slowing down, he decided to speed up. 179 3. Complete the following sentences with multi-word verbs that use the particle up. 1. I can’t hear the radio. Can you ... , please? 2. The cost of living is ... all the time. 3. I’m afraid this is a very bad line and I can’t hear what you’re saying. Can you ... , please? 4. This soup isn’t very hot. Shall I ... ? 5. You’re still very weak after your illness. I think you need to ... your strength before you go back to work. 6. The airline company was losing money, so it was forced to ... prices. 4. What is the general meaning of the particle off in the following sentences? 1. The plane was meant to leave at 6.00 but it didn’t take off until 9.00 a.m. 2. At the end of the film the two lovers got into a boat and sailed off into the sunset. 3. The small boy took my purse from my bag and ran off before I could catch him. 4. The next morning we set off on our journey to see the Himalayas. 5. I would like to jump on a plane and fly off to somewhere exotic and warm. 6. He jumped onto his horse and rode off at speed. 7. He gave me the money for the books but he walked off before I could give him his change. 8. The thieves made off when they saw a policeman. 9. The policeman got into his car and drove off. 5. Translate into English. 1. Я не могу разобрать надпись на стене. 2. У него кончаются деньги. 3. Куда направляется судно? 4. Машина остановилась перед домом. 5. Давайте сделаем остановку в следующей деревне. 6. Полицейский приказал водителю-лихачу (the wild driver) прижаться к обочине и остановиться. 7. Мы застряли на дороге из-за аварии. 8. Я думаю, что он докатится до тюрьмы. 9. Старый мост рухнул. Breaking Down Mary: 180 Steve ... John ... at last! Come in ... give me your coats. So ... you finally got here! Steve: Yes. We’re so sorry. We really did set off early as planned. Mary: Well, what happened then? Why are you so late? Steve: Basically, a series of disasters. First of all, I’d agreed to pick John up on the way and he wasn’t ready of course! Mary: Typical! John: Hey, that’s not fair. That wasn’t the only thing that made us late. In case you’d forgotten, we ran out of petrol, just outside Lincoln. Now that certainly wasn’t my fault. Steve: OK, OK ... as it happens I forgot to fill up last night. In fact I went to the garage especially to get petrol but when I got home I realised I’d bought my cigarettes but no petrol. Well, we all make mistakes! John: Yes, you certainly do. It was really embarrassing. We were in this really narrow country road. There was nowhere to pull up out of the way of the traffic, so we just had to stop in the middle of the road! We held up all the other traffic for well over half an hour. Steve: Yes, well, I really did try and make up the lost time after that. I didn’t want to be late. I mean it’s not every day you’re twenty-one. Mary: So, was the rest of the journey OK? John: Not at all. That was just the beginning! The next thing that happened was when we were going through this small village ... Steve: Oh yes ... do you mean when that child ran out into the road in front of us? John: That’s right ... I was sure you were going to run her over. Steve: Me too. How I managed to stop in time I will never know. Mary: Goodness me. How awful! Was she all right? Steve: Oh yes, she was fine. But you can imagine the kind of state I was in. Mary: Yes. You must have felt terrible. 181 John: And that’s not all! Магу: Oh no, there surely isn’t more? Steve: Would you believe it, but we were almost here when the car broke down. John: What do you mean ‘almost here’, we’ve been walking for the last half an hour in the pouring rain! Магу: Well, don’t just stand there ... come and have a drink. You look like you both need one! John: You can say that again. Is there any birthday cake left? Mary: Yes I think so, but you’ll have to be quick! 1. Focus on phrasal verbs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. We really did set off early as planned. I’d agreed to pick John up on the way. We ran out of petrol, I forgot to fill up last night. There was nowhere to pull up. We held up all the other traffic. I really did try and make up the lost time. I was sure you were going to run her over. We were almost here when the car broke down. 2. Make up complete and grammatical sentences from the prompts. e.g. We / set off / tomorrow / week’s holiday / Wales We are setting off tomorrow for a week’s holiday in Wales. 1. 2. 3. 4. 182 I/pick you up/station/8.30 pm tomorrow evening. He/fill up/car/before/they go/the journey yesterday. John, we/run out/milk/again!/That is/third time/this week. Look!/large black car/pull up/in front/our house. 5. 6. 7. 8. We/hold up/several hours/the airport/because of/bomb scare. He promised/make up /lost time/working/his holidays. I/never/actually/run anybody over/but/I/do/once/hit/cyclist. If/car/break down again/I/sell it. 3. Answer these questions using the phrasal verbs in brackets. e.g. – Do you have any problems with your car? (break down) – Generally no, but it sometimes breaks down in very cold weather. 1. Why are you so late? (hold up) 2. Is there any petrol in the car? (fill up) 3. How are you going to get home after the party? (pick up) 4. How are you going to get to London by 10 am? (make up) 5. What are you looking at? (pull up) 6. I thought you said you were going to be late. You’re the first one to arrive. (set off) 7. Have you ever had an accident? (run over) 8. Have you got any more orange juice? (run out) How multi-word verbs work 4. What is the general meaning of the particle over in all the examples below? 1. The wind was so strong it blew over the garden wall. 2. As he entered the room he tripped over and fell onto the floor. 3. The car knocked over a man on a bicycle. 4. She placed her bicycle carefully against the wall but it fell over. 5. Our car was run over by a lorry last week. 6. The little girl pushed him over and he fell onto some glass. 5. Have you ever been on a disastrous car journey? Prepare to talk about one, either real or imaginary. Remember to include any phrasal verbs from this or other units that are appropriate. 183 Topic: Hotel A Narrow Escape A blaze swept through a hotel in London yesterday, leaving damage estimated at ₤ 200,000. Some of the residents staying in the hotel at the time were able to escape via the roof onto adjoining premises. At present it is not known how the fire started. It seems the fire broke out in the early hours of the morning. The fire alarm went off at around 2.00 a.m. It is thought it was set off by smoke coming from one of the bedrooms on the first floor. The fire spread quickly from the first floor to the second floor. The fire brigade were called in immediately, and firefighters were on the scene within fifteen minutes, but by this time the hotel was already in flames. They fought the blaze and managed to get it under control, though it took them two hours to put the fire out. Senior Fire Officer Mike Jones, who was in charge of the operation, said, ‘It’s a miracle no one was hurt. We had to break down several doors to rescue some of the residents from their rooms. Our people did a wonderful job. Two of them are suffering from smoke inhalation, but it doesn’t look too serious at the moment.’ Mrs Lunnon, a resident, said, ‘I never want to go through an experience like that again. Everywhere was on fire. I’m just so relieved the firefighters succeeded in getting to us so quickly. Without their help we wouldn’t have got out.’ Another resident, Mr Dale, said, ‘I heard the alarm go off and then people started screaming. It was very frightening. My wife and I had a narrow escape. We managed to get out of the building just in time – as we left the third floor it burst into flames! We could hear people calling out for help, but we couldn’t do anything to help them.’ The hotel manager said, ‘The fire probably started by accident. Perhaps someone was smoking in bed, forgot to put out their cigarette, and accidentally set fire to the bedclothes. Some people are very careless, and things can catch fire very easily.’ A policeman said, ‘We will be looking into the causes of the fire. We think it started by accident, though at this stage we don’t want to rule anything out.’ 184 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. А В 1. to break out a. to cause something to start working or happening 2. to go off b. to experience or suffer something unpleasant 3. to set something off c. to begin suddenly, usually something unpleasant 4. to call someone in/out d. to leave, to escape 5. to put something out e. to exclude something, to decide something is impossible 6. to go through something f. to shout loudly in order to attract someone’s attention 7. to get out (of somewhere) g. to extinguish something, to stop something burning 8. to call out h. to ask someone professional to come and provide help 9. to look into something i. to operate, making a sudden loud noise 10. to rule something out j. to investigate something 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The f irst one has been done for you. 1. Can you extinguish that cigarette, please? (put out) Can you put out that cigarette please? 2. The alarm bell started ringing. (go off) 3. I shouted his name loudly but he didn’t hear me. (call out) 185 4. The police are investigating the accident. (look into) 5. Come quickly – a fire has started! (break out) 6. He experienced a lot of pain. (go through) 7. He started the fire alarm by accident. (set off) 8. The government has said that tax cuts are not possible. (rule out) 9. The prisoners escaped through the window. (get out) 10. I think we should ask for the help of a doctor. (call in) How multi-word verbs work 1. The particle out can be combined with verbs to indicate movement from somewhere inside to somewhere outside (to get out, to check out of somewhere, to go out), or to a location outside the home (to move out). Say what you think the following multi-word verbs mean, and give examples of when you would use them. to eat out stay out to invite someone out to take someone out to camp out 2. The particle out can also be used with verbs to give the idea of excluding something (to rule something out, to cut something out). Say what you think the following multi-word verbs mean and give examples of when you would use them. to cross something out to rub something out to leave someone/something out 186 3. Translate into English. 1. Когда началась война, многие студенты добровольно пошли на фронт. 2. Каждый делал шаг вперед, когда выкликали (называли) его фамилию. 3. Если состояние вашего здоровья ухудшится, вызовите (пригласите) специалиста. 4. Врач получил экстренный вызов. 5. Он потушил сигарету. 6. Ей пришлось многое пережить в связи с болезнью сына. 7. Когда они собираются рассмотреть его предложение? Оно заслуживает того, чтобы его внимательно изучили. 8. Нельзя исключить ошибку пилота. 9. Бомба взорвалась, когда они проходили мимо универмага. Topic: Flat Looking Round a Flat EA: Estate agent A: Ann EA: Well, this is the flat. It’s vacant at the moment. I’m afraid the previous owners didn’t look after it very well, so it’s not in perfect condition. A: Mmm ... EA: As you can see, it’s in need of some decoration and repair. There are four rooms altogether: kitchen, living room, bedroom, and bathroom. This is the living room. It hasn’t been decorated recently. A: Yes, it certainly needs doing up ... . All the wallpaper is coming off the walls, and it’s very cold and damp. How is the flat heated? EA: Well, there’s an open fireplace, but it could be taken out and central heating could be put in. A: Mmm ... It’s not very large. I suppose I could put up some shelves for books and things. Do the carpets come with the flat? 187 EA: Yes, though as you can see, they are rather old and don’t add much value to the property. A: Yes, I agree. I think they all need throwing out, to be honest. What’s that up there? Is that a hole in the ceiling? EA: Oh, yes. I’m afraid it is. I didn’t notice that the last time I was here. A: Well, that will definitely need seeing to before it does any damage to the property. EA: Yes, of course. But I do think the flat has potential. It could look very good if it’s done up nicely. A: Well, I’m certainly interested. Obviously I’ll need to talk it over with my husband. You say it’s vacant. Does that mean we could move in immediately? EA: Yes, the flat’s empty so you could move in when you’re ready. A: Well, I’ll certainly think it over and if we decide to make an offer I’ll call you tomorrow. Thank you for showing me round the flat. EA: No trouble, Mrs Jones. We hope to hear from you tomorrow then. Goodbye. A: Goodbye. 1. Read the sentences. Then agree with them, using the multiword verb prompts. The f irst one has been done for you. 1. This room looks terrible. It really needs decorating. (do up) Yes, it needs doing up. 2. Look, the wallpaper isn’t sticking to the walls. (come off) 3. That fireplace is very ugly. We could remove it. (take out) 4. The flat doesn’t have any central heating. We must install it. (put in) 188 5. There are no shelves or cupboards. We could fix some to the walls. (put up) 6. There’s a lot of rubbish in this room. It needs putting in the dustbin. (throw out) 6. The cooker doesn’t work. It needs repairing. (see to) 8. We must discuss this before we decide. (talk over) 9. We could start living here immediately. (move in) 10. We must consider it carefully before we decide. (think over) put something in talk something over take something out move in put something up throw something out come off see to something do something up think something over 2. Replace the words in italics in the sentences below with the multi-word verbs in the box. 1. Nothing has been done to this flat for a long time. It needs new curtains and a new carpet. The doors and walls also need painting. It needs ... (decorating/renovating). 2. The wallpaper was very old and ... (wasn’t sticking to/ attached to) the walls. 3. The fireplace was old and ugly, so they ... (removed it). 4. The house was cold and damp, so they had central heating ... (installed). 5. There was nowhere to put any books, so they decided to ... (fix in place) some shelves. 189 6. The carpets were old and full of holes, so he ... (disposed of them by putting them in the dustbin). 7. There was a serious problem with the roof. The rain was coming in and making everything wet. It needed ... (repairing/ dealing with) immediately. 8. Before I make a decision I need to talk to my husband about it and see what he thinks. I must ... (discuss it) with him. 9. We would like to ... (start living there) as soon as possible. 10. It’s a good idea, but I need time to ... (consider it carefully) before I make a decision. How multi-word verbs work off = separated, detached from I can’t open the door now. Who broke the handle off? on = attached to, part of Can you glue the doll’s hand on? break sth off come off cut sth off fall off pull sth off take sth off put sth on screw sth on sew sth on stay on stick sth on tie sth on 3. Fill in the blanks with verbs from the list below and on or off. stay stick screw put pull tie take sew break come 1. A: Oh dear. One of my buttons has … … . B: Don’t worry. I’ve got a needle and thread. I can ... it ... for you. 190 2. A: B: 3. A: B: 4. A: B: 5. A: B: Oh no! I’ve knocked this jug and the handle has ... ... . Try using this glue to ... it ... . Someone’s ... the door handle ... . Don’t worry. I’ll ... it... again. What do I do after I’ve ... this wheel ...? Take the spare wheel out of the boot and ... that ... . The lid won’t … … the container. Why don’t you ... it ...? 4. What is the general meaning of the particle in when used with the group of verbs below? 1. Jeremy came in looking worried. 2. He nearly knocked me over in his eagerness to get in the house. 3. I pushed open the door of the office and went in. 4. Evidently she had let herself in with a front door key. 5. We had moved in at the height of summer. 6. He ran in through the open glass door of the sitting room. 7. I took in the coffee. 5. Replace the noun objects with pronoun objects (it / them) in the following sentences. e.g. Shall I fill in this form? – Shall I fill it in? 1. I’d like to talk over my financial position. 2. Did you throw out those old newspapers? 3. They’ve decided to put off the wedding. 4. We’re going to do up the kitchen. 5. I’d like more time to think over your offer. 6.1 didn’t take down his telephone number. 7. Did you hand in your homework? 8. Can you help me put up these pictures? 6. Translate into English. 1. Мы должны обсудить детали нашей предстоящей поездки. 2. Мы должны повесить несколько полок в кухне. 3. Я выбросила всю свою старую обувь. 4. Когда в вашей квартире был ремонт? 5. Посередине дороги отскочило колесо. 6. Необходимо вынести всю мебель из комнаты. 7. Нам собираются установить телефон. 8. Когда вы вселились? 9. Носильщик позаботится о багаже. 10. У вас достаточно времени, чтобы все обдумать. 191 A Place of Your Own Tony is a student. He has recently moved into his own flat. He wrote to his friend Paul to tell him about it. Dear Paul, I’ve done it! I’ve got a place of my own at last! I found it through an agency a couple of weeks ago. I was looking through the paper, when I came across an advertisement for flats, so I gave the agency a ring and went to see what they had. I saw several good flats, but I couldn’t make up my mind about them. Then I saw one I really liked. I was in two minds about taking it because the rent was rather high, but I thought it was time I became more independent of my parents, and I’m sure I was getting on their nerves – they said they couldn’t put up with the noise from my stereo system any longer! So I moved out and here I am in my own flat! It’s in the suburbs on the outskirts of London, and it’s very convenient for the shops. It’s on the second floor and consists of a bedroom, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. It’s nothing out of the ordinary, but it’s in quite good condition. I moved in last week and I’ve already put up some shelves and new wallpaper in the living room. At present the kitchen is painted dark brown and has a small window, so it needs brightening up. I haven’t finished doing up the bedroom yet. I’m going to convert it into a study and paint it blue so that it will go with the curtains my mother has promised to give me. There’s a lovely view from the window – it looks out onto the garden, which I share with four other people. I get on well with the people living above me, but unfortunately I’m not on good terms with the landlord at the moment. We had an argument about sticking pictures on the wall – he said it would damage the wallpaper. And the people below me say they are fed up with the noise from my stereo! The good thing is that I’ve got somewhere I can call my own. I can easily put you up any time you’re in London. So don’t hesitate – you can drop in any time. All the best, Tony PS I’m thinking of having a house-warming party at the end of the month, so if you’d like to come, drop me a line or give me a call. 192 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. А В 1. to look through something a. to give someone accommodation 2. to come across someone/ something b. to have a view of somewhere 3. to put up with someone/ something c. to visit someone informally, to pay a casual visit 4. to move out (of somewhere) d. to match or suit, to make a good combination (for example, of colours) 5. to brighten something up e. to read something quickly and briefly 6. to look (out) onto somehing f. to find something or meet someone by chance 7. to go with something g. to leave accommodation and take everything with you, to vacate a house or flat 8. to put someone up h. to make something brighter, less dull, and more full of light 9. to drop in (on someone) i. to tolerate something, to accept something unpleasant or diffcult without complaining 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The f irst one has been done for you. 1. I can’t tolerate that noise any longer! (put up with) I can’t put up with that noise any longer! 2. You can visit us any time. (drop in on) 193 3. We leave our flat on Friday. (move out) 4. Can I quickly read your history notes? (look through) 5. The curtains don’t match the wallpaper. (go with) 6. Could you let me sleep in your house on Saturday night? (put up) 7. I found by accident an old love letter you sent me two years ago. (come across) 8. These flowers will help to make the room brighter. (brighten up) 9. From my bedroom window I can see a garden full of flowers. (look out onto) How multi-word verbs work up The particle up can be used with some verbs to give the idea of improving something. I haven’t finished doing up the bedroom yet. 3. Look at the sentences and say what you think the verbs in italics mean. 1. I’m going to work in Paris next year, so I really need to brush up my French. I studied it at school several years ago but I think I’ve forgotten a lot of it. 2. Her job is to train up people to become clerks or accountants. 3. He didn’t know very much about computers, so he decided to read up on the subject in preparation for his job interview. 4. He was told that if he wanted to continue working for the company he would have to smarten up his appearance. 194 5. She managed to build up the reputation of the company in a very short time. down down up up = from a higher to a lower place or level, towards the ground The sun will go down in an hour. Put your books down and come here. = into a lower body position I’m going to lie down for a few minutes. = from a lower to a higher place or level, away from the ground Is this lift going up? Can you help me hang the picture up? = into a higher body position, upright Everyone stood up when the principal entered the room. bend down go down/up jump up (and down) kneel down pick sth up put sth down/up sit down/up walk down/up stand up straighten up take sth down/up 4. Look at the pictures and complete the story, using one of the phrasal verbs from the list above. As soon as Susan reached the entrance to the block of flats where Dave lived, she ... the case ... . A moment later the lift door opened and out stepped Dave. After warmly greeting her, he ... her case ... . ‘My flat’s on the third floor, but there may not be enough room for both of us in the lift,’ he said. ‘If you take my case in the lift, I’ll … … ,’ Susan said. When the lift reached the third floor, Dave … … to pick the case up. Then he cried out in pain and … . As soon as he caught sight of Susan, however, he tried to … … . But it was no use! Realising that he had hurt his 195 back, Susan … … to see what the matter was. ‘… … here,’ she said to Dave after she had brought a chair for him. I’ll get a doctor.’ 5. Translate into English. 1. Ей трудно было мириться с такими шумными соседями. 2. Она просмотрела газету, чтобы узнать последние новости. 3. Вчера я неожиданно нашел несколько старых писем. 4. Дом выходит на реку. 5. Эти занавески гармонируют по цвету с обоями. 6. Я думаю, что мои родственники примут тебя, если ты надумаешь поехать в Москву. 7. По дороге в университет я хочу зайти к Линде. 8. Они выселились из квартиры (вселились в квартиру) неделю назад. 9. Эти цветы украшают комнату. 10. Кухню необходимо отремонтировать. 196 Moving In 1441 Baker Street, San Francisco, California, 94115 USA. 3rd October, 91 Dear Tom and Jane, Hi! How are things? How’s life with the new baby? I hope Tom’s doing his share of the nappy-changing! I can hardly believe how long we’ve been out here now. As you know we got here at the beginning of August and are now really beginning to settle in. It was quite difficult at first – away from everything and everyone, but now things are much better. Anyway, things began to get better once we’d found somewhere to live. The company put us up in a hotel at first but we had to look for our own accommodation and that wasn’t easy. Finally we were able to take someone else’s flat over – they had suddenly decided to leave the company and the area for one reason or another. We moved in on Sunday. They brought all our stuff on Monday – boxes and boxes! – and we’ve been sorting them out ever since. We found one or two great shops nearby and have picked up some marvellous bits of furniture. We’ve now got a fantastic sofa-bed in the living room so we can easily put friends up. (When are you coming?). The people round here are incredibly nice – we’ve already made lots of friends – people just seem to pop in all the time to chat and have a coffee. It’s all very informal and I’m really enjoying that side of things. Jeff started his new job a couple of weeks ago. It’s going very well, but he’s working very long hours, I suppose that’s inevitable at the beginning. All in all we’re having a great time but we really miss you and hope you’ll come out here soon. We’ll probably be back for Christmas so we’ll tell you more news then. Much love, Dee and Jeff 197 1. Define the meaning of the phrasal verbs used in the text: settle in put up move in sort out look for take over pick up pop in 2. From the above list of phrasal verbs, put one in each sentence in the correct form. 1. If you could just ... me ... tonight, I promise I’ll catch the first train home tomorrow morning. 2. You’ll never guess who … … to my office the other day. It was Jim, Mike’s old boss. 3. I hope Tony … … to his new school. It’s the third time we’ve had to move him because of Simon changing jobs. 4. If you don’t … … all those papers on your desk, I will! 5. I’m … … someone to do some secretarial work in the afternoons. 6. We’ve got a spare room. You can … … as soon as you like. 7. It’s a great shop. If you’ve got time to look around you can … … some real bargains. 8. A really nice couple … … our flat when we left. We gave them our cats because we couldn’t take them with us. 3. Look at the following sentences and decide on the possible positions of the phrases/words in brackets. e.g. I’ll sort out in the morning (my room). I’ll sort out my room in the morning. I’ll sort my room out in the morning. 1. We put up for the night (him). 2. We put up for the night (John). 3. We settled in to our new home (quickly). 4. He picked up in that new shop (some interesting things). 5. He picked up in that new shop (them). 6. They looked for for their kitchen (some new chairs). 7. I will take over when he leaves (his flat). 8.1 will take over when he leaves (it). 9. We are going to move in at the end of the month (to the house). 10. He popped in for a quick coffee (after the meeting). 4. Translate into English. 1. Он забегает (к нам) каждый вечер. 2. Вы уже устроились? 3. Я купил дом, но не буду въезжать до осени. 4. Я не смогу приютить вас. 5. Друзья предложили мне остановиться (пожить) у 198 них. 6. Когда вы вступите в должность (примите полномочия)? 7. Ты мог бы отобрать игрушки, которые можно выбросить? 8. Он по случаю приобрел несколько красивых картин. 9. Я только что переехал (въехал). 10. Мне нужна комната (я ищу комнату). Topic: Appearance. Character Going by Appearances A Last week, Mrs Alice Woolf, aged 65, was tricked into handing over all her savings to a smooth-talking doorstep salesman who said he was selling burglar alarm systems. ‘I was completely taken in,’ she said. ‘I know it was foolish to let him talk me into giving him all my savings, but he seemed such a nice man. He came across as completely honest. But I won’t make the same mistake again. Once bitten, twice shy.’ When asked if she thought the man would be caught, she replied, ‘I don’t think he’ll get away with it. I’m sure the police will catch him sooner or later.’ В The police are looking for a well-dressed young man who has been passing himself off as a doorstep salesman. Last week, he tricked an elderly lady into giving him all her money as a deposit for a burglar alarm system. A police spokesman said, ‘Unfortunately, it’s quite easy for dishonest people to make a living doing this kind of thing. I suppose we all tend to go by appearances, and very often it’s not easy to see through a clean-shaven, well-spoken young man in a good suit, and with a pleasant manner. Appearances can be deceptive, and not everyone is a good judge of character. My advice to people is not to hand over any money until they have checked people’s references and made sure they belong to a reputable organization. Meanwhile we’ll do our best to catch the man who took Mrs Woolf s savings.’ 199 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. A B 1. to hand something over a. to persuade someone to do something 2. to take someone in b. to deceive or trick someone 3. to talk someone into doing something c. to pretend that someone / something is someone / something else 4. to come across as something d. to give something to someone so that they control or own it 5. to get away with something e. to give the impression of having a particular characteristic 6. to pass someone/ something off as someone/something f. to judge according to something 7. to go by something g. to see the true nature of someone/ something despite a deceptively pleasant appearance 8. to see through someone/ something h. to escape being punished or criticized for something 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. I was completely deceived by his charming manner. (take in) I was completely taken in by his charming manner. 2. I never base my judgements on first impressions. (go by) 200 3. She could see what kind of man he was immediately. (see through) 4. She pretended to be an American tourist. (pass off) 5. She gave an impression of being a very kind person. (come across as) 6. He persuaded me to lend him some money. (talk into) 7. You won’t escape being punished for this! (get away with) 8. The police told him to give them the gun. (hand over) 3. Complete the sentences using multi-word verbs from the text. 1. My sister is a very good judge of character. She can … people immediately if they try to deceive or trick her. 2. He escaped from the country by … as a tourist. 3. I lent him some money because he seemed an honest person, but after that I never saw him again. I soon realized I … . 4. Don’t … his appearance. He may look nice but he’s completely untrustworthy. 5. When I first met him he … as a very indecisive person who didn’t know his own mind. 6. The salesman … me … buying a new washing machine, although my old one was fine. 7. The robber told him to … the keys to the safe. 8. The robbers laughed when the bank manager said: ‘You won’t ... this. The police will catch you one day.’ How multi-word verbs work into The particle into can be used with some verbs to give the idea of persuading or forcing someone to do something. She talked me into taking a week’s holiday. 201 4. The multi-word verbs below have the following form: verb + someone + into. Using the verbs in brackets, rewrite the following sentences so that they have similar meaning. Make any necessary changes to the structure of the sentences. e.g. His boss made him resign. (force into) His boss forced him into resigning. 1. She persuaded me to buy a new coat. (talk into) 2. The robbers made the bank manager think they were genuine customers. (trick into) 3. The Mafia frightened him so much that he remained silent. (frighten into) 4. She had to sell her house in order to pay off her debts. (force into) 5. The government was made to feel so ashamed that it took action. (shame into) think of your own example sentences for these multi• Now word verbs. 5. Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions below. Use the multi-word verbs in brackets. 1. Do you ever base your judgement of people on first impressions? Why?/Why not? (go by) 2. What impression do you think you give of yourself when you meet someone for the first time? (come across as) 3. What do you think is the best way to avoid being tricked or deceived by people? (take someone in) 4. Has someone ever persuaded you to do something that you regretted later? If so, what was it? (talk someone into) 5. Imagine you could pretend to be someone else for a whole day. What would you choose to be? Why? (pass yourself off as) 6. Translate into English. 1. Меня ввел в заблуждение его внешний вид. 2. Он показался мне очень приятным человеком. 3. Он сбежал со всеми деньгами. 4. Он выдавал себя за летчика. 5. Я никогда не сужу по вне202 шности. 6. Преступник был передан в руки полиции. 7. Я разгадал его планы (проделки). 8. Его нетрудно было обмануть. Taking After (an extract from a novel) ‘Do you think John takes after his father?’ she asked quietly. At first Maureen wasn’t sure what to say. ‘In what way do you mean?’ ‘Well, you know... his character, his personality. I mean, they do both seem so incredibly stubborn ...’ She paused. ‘You know, I’m sure, how much John looks up to his Dad...’ ‘Yes, I know.’ Maureen felt sad. ‘... but at the same time his Dad is always putting him down. He doesn’t take him seriously. I think it really depresses John. I mean, he’s doing so well in his job at the moment but his father never says anything about it.’ Maureen was surprised by the force of Sarah’s feeling. She had never heard her speak so strongly about anything before. She wanted to explain. ‘Yes, I know, but his father doesn’t take dance seriously. I know it really gets John down. He won’t even go and watch John perform. He never did.’ Her mind went back to the difficult years. ‘Actually, it was just the same when John was growing up. I remember he always used to show off in front of his Dad, but Bill would never pay any attention to him. In fact it was generally difficult... bringing up John. His father never took any interest.’ ‘But Maureen... John won’t admit it hurts. He tries to make out that he doesn’t care. But I know he still keeps on trying... trying to live up to some image of the perfect son. I just don’t understand.’ Maureen felt sorry for the younger woman’s frustration – she understood it very well. ‘Well, you see, Bill was always disappointed that John didn’t go into the family business.’ ‘What! John a builder!’ ‘Yes I know it sounds ridiculous. Of course it would be the wrong thing for John but Bill always had this picture of them working side by side, father and son. I remember him talking about when he would change the name of the firm to ‘Henderson and Son’. And then when 203 John refused to go to the Technical College and took up dance seriously ... well, Bill never really forgave him.’ Sarah was outraged. ‘But look. This can’t go on. Bill has to understand that John has his own life to lead, his own needs ... .’ 1. Define the meaning of the phrasal verbs used in the text. take after look up to put down grow up show off bring up keep on live up to take up make out 2. Look at the following sentences and decide on the possible positions of the phrases / words in brackets. e.g. He often puts down (women/them) – He often puts down women. – He often puts women down. – He often puts them down. 1. She says he takes after (his father/him) 2.1 am going to take up (golf/it) 3. She always shows off in front of (new people/ them) 4. I remember when she was growing up (Juliet/her) 5. If he keeps on playing I am going to get angry (that music/it) 6. It wasn’t easy to bring up on my own (a young son/him) 7. Do you think he will live up to? (his reputation/it) 8. He looked up to because she was so clever (his sister/her) 3. Make up sentences with: bring up, grow up, keep on, live up to, put down, show off, take after, take up, look up to, get down, make out (pretend) 4. Translate into English. 1. Спектакль не оправдал моих надежд. 2. Работа не оправдала наших ожиданий. 3. Он оказался верным своему обещанию. 204 4. Он пользуется всеобщим уважением. 5. Мальчику нужен отец, который был бы для него примером. 6. Она не позволяла себя унижать. 7. Он пошел по стопам своего отца. 8. Он вырос в деревне на юге России. 9. Он любит выставлять напоказ свои знания. 10. Он любит похваляться своим богатством. 11. Его поведение действует мне на нервы. 12. Такая работа не должна вас удручать. 13. Она снова и снова пыталась получить водительские права. 14. Он сделал вид, что ничего не знает об этом. 15. Он взялся за изучение истории. Topic: Feelings break down (not) care for sb/sth carry away (usually passive) cheer (sb) up cut up (usually passive) fall for sb fall out with sb fed up (with sb /sth) (passive) flare up get on/along (well) (with sb) let sb down When he heard the sad news, he broke down and wept. I don’t care for people who are unreliable. I got carried away when I was arguing and completely forgot about the time. I hope this good news cheers you up. Cheer up! We were very cut up when we heard about the accident. Tom’s fallen for Anna and can’t take his eyes off her! Ben fell out with Alice and stopped speaking to her. I’m fed up with listening to all your complaints. Maria flared up when she heard Simon insult her friend. I always got along with Sarah: we never quarrelled. You let me down. I waited an hour but you never came. 205 pick on sb put sb/sth down strike up a friendship take sb aback (often passive) take to sb warm to/towards someone Why pick on Ben? He wasn’t the only boy to be late. I didn’t like to hear you putting everyone down. Why can’t you say something good about people? We struck up a friendship as soon as we met. I was taken aback by Mr Talbot’s refusal to let me have half a day off work to attend my brother’s wedding. I took to Sue at once and we soon became good friends. Many people warmed to Mr Lee when he spoke about the hardships he had overcome. 1. Read each of the following sentences about the different ways six people felt. Then complete the sentences, using a suitable phrasal verb. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Anna felt sad and miserable. Ben was shocked. Pete suddenly felt extremely angry. Joe felt disappointed. Sue was bored. Katie began to feel happier than previously. Pete: Anger ... inside me when Ann told me what Ben had said. 206 Sue: I’m ... . I’ve been washing and drying dishes all day long. Ben: I was quite ... – it wasn’t like him to be so rude. Katie: I certainly ... when I heard the good news. Anna: I just felt like ... and bursting into tears. Joe: You can imagine how ... I felt when Ron didn’t turn up. 2. Rewrite the story below, replacing the words in italics with the most suitable phrasal verbs from the list at the beginning of this unit. Simon and I used to be very friendly with each other, but then Simon quarrelled with Sarah. Simon had never liked Sarah, and he started to criticise her whenever he was with me. Eventually Simon and I quarrelled, too. Some time later, however, Simon slowly began to like Sarah and she also began to feel a liking for him. They soon formed a close friendship, and Sarah stopped seeing me. I now feel very upset about the whole matter. 3. Give suitable advice to someone who 1. often flares up when someone upsets them. 2. always needs cheering up when you see them. 3. is fed up doing their present job. 207 4. easily gets carried away when they watch a football match. 5. is badly cut up after a quarrel with a friend. 4. Translate into English. 1. Она пожаловалась матери, что мальчишки все время дразнят ее. 2. Она очень рассердилась (вскипела), когда услышала это. 3. Выше голову! Не вешай носа! 4. Ваше письмо ободрило меня. 5. Он поссорился со всеми своими соседями. 6. Все девушки без ума от него. 7. Мне все это надоело (осточертело). 8. Эти двое между собой не ладят. 9. Он ненадежный человек, он меня часто подводит. 10. Он сказал, что не позволит так с собой обращаться (так себя унижать). 11. Эти двое подружились. 12. Его вид поразил меня. 13. Он увлекся теннисом. 14. Его речь увлекла нас. 15. Он не выдержал (потерял самообладание). 16. Ему не нравится хоккей. 17. Не расстраивайтесь так из-за этого. 18. Я почувствовала к нему симпатию, когда он заговорил о любви к животным. Topic: People ask sb round come round drop in get on (well) (with sb) go out go round look forward to sth/ doing sth meet up (with sb) 208 Why don’t you ask Ted round for a meal this evening? I don’t want to go out. Ann’s coming round this evening. Please drop in any time. I’m always happy to see you. Dave got on well with Ken, and they became good friends. ‘Would you like to go out tonight?’ Ali asked his wife. Ken decided to go round to see how his neighbour was. I’m looking forward to seeing my old school friends again. Let’s meet up after the concert and have something to eat. pick sb/sth up put sb up run/bump into sb stay in stay out take sb out I’ll pick Ben up: his flat is on the way to the sports ground. Stay here. We can put you up in our spare room. Guess who I ran into today! Beluti Sadri! What a surprise! I’m staying in tonight. I don’t feel like going out. Don’t stay out too late. Try to come home before ten. My uncle Victor is taking us out for a meal this evening. 1. Complete the paragraph below, using phrasal verbs which mean the same as the words in brackets. Add pronouns if necessary. Who do you think ... (called at my house) last night? It was Henry. He called because he wanted to ... (invite me to go with him) for a meal. I had ... (met him by chance) in the post office the previous day. He told me then that he was ... (anticipating with pleasure) the chance of having a chat with me. When he called to see me last night, he arranged to ... (come and collect me in his car) at seven o’clock on Friday. We have always ... (been very friendly), and I’m sure we’ll have a very enjoyable time together. 2. Fill in the blanks in the questionnaire below with a suitable particle. How Friendly Are You? 1. Which of the following do you get … … best of all? a. Other people b. Animals c. Children 209 2. Do you prefer to go ... a. with only one close friend? b. with a lot of friends? с. by yourself? 3. If you ran ... an old friend, would you a. talk about old times? b. say hallo and walk on? с. arrange to meet ... soon? 4. Which of the following do you prefer to do in the evenings? a. Stay ... and watch TV b. Go ... with a friend с. Ask a friend ... 5. A friend without a car visits you and will probably stay very late. Would you a. offer to put your friend ... for the night? b. advise your friend not to stay ... too late and go back home early? с. wait and later call a taxi to take your friend home? 6. When someone you don’t like too much phones and asks if they can come ... to see you, would you a. say you were looking … … seeing them? b. ask them to come ... some time later? с. make excuses and say you were going ...? 7. If some new neighbours came to live next door to you, would you a. go ... to welcome them after a few days? b. just say hallo if you happened to see them? c. invite them at once to drop ... to see you? 8. In the evening, do you prefer to go ... to: a. a cinema? b. a party? с. a shopping centre? 210 Now answer the questions to find out how friendly you are. Then check your answers, using the scores below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. A3 A2 A2 A1 A3 A3 A2 A1 Bl В3 В1 В2 Bl В2 В1 В3 С2 С1 С3 С3 С2 С1 С3 С2 18–24 points = 12–17 points = Below 12 points = You are very sociable and friendly. You love doing things with other people. You are friendly but you can also enjoy being on your own. You ought to try to get on better with other people. Are you really an unfriendly person? 3. Translate into English. 1. Он никогда никуда меня не приглашает. 2. Мы поселимся у Смитов. 3. Никогда не знаешь, кого встретишь на вечеринке. 4. Она забежала, чтобы забрать книгу. 5. Я пригласила соседей на обед. 6. “Ты видела Аню?” “Да, она заходила сегодня после обеда”. 7. На днях он пригласил меня пообедать в ресторане. 8. У нас не очень хорошие отношения. 9. Он всюду бывает только с этой девушкой. 10. Мы сегодня пойдем развлекаться. 11. Можно мне погулять еще немного? 12. Он сегодня придет поздно. 13. Я думаю никуда сегодня не ходить. 14. Я решила навестить сегодня своих родителей. 15. Я повстречался с одним странным парнем. 16. Мы договорились поехать на дачу, и я заехал за ним в 8 утра. How multi-word verbs work about/around/round = here and there, aimlessly (often used to show a lack of purpose) Several pupils were standing about in the playground. 211 I saw your pen lying around somewhere. Tom was rushing round, doing nothing really useful. The particle about can usually be used instead of around and round with verbs like standing, running, hurrying, lying, etc. However, we cannot use about instead of around and round with look. Would you like to come in and look round? (not about) hurry about/around/round kick (a ball) about/around lie about/around look around/round run about/around/round rush about/around/round stand about/around/round throw (a ball) about wait about/around walk about/around/round wander about/around/round 4. Complete the paragraph, describing the picture with a suitable verb from the list above. A few small boys are laughing and … … on the beach while a tall man is … … He is carrying a chair but he doesn’t know where to put it. Two women are … … , looking bored while three young men are … … on the sand. Three girls are ... a small ball ..., and a little boy is ... a large ball ... . round = to everybody in a group, etc. Can you pass the sweets round, please? hand sth round offer sth round 212 pass sth round take sth round 5. Write a sentence to describe each picture, using one of the phrasal verbs above. 1. She is offering some chocolate ... . 2. They ... 3. 4. He … . She ... Come round to see us tonight. You can come over tomorrow at four. (round/over = visiting someone informally) 6. Study and practise the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You can call round any time. We’ll always be pleased to see you. Would you like to come round on Saturday? We’ll be in all day. Let’s ask Ann and Mark round for a meal next week. I’ll drop round and see him on my way home from work. She isn’t here at the moment. She’s gone round to see the woman next door. 213 6. I’ve got some friends coming over. 7. ‘Can you come and show me your new car?’ ‘I’ll drive round now if you like.’ 8. Bring the family round one evening; we’d love to meet them. 9. ‘Can you come over some time? You can leave your bicycle in the entrance.’ ‘Shall I cycle round now?’ Topic: Family There is a feature in a magazine in which members of the same family describe their relationship. You will read about James Mitford, an actor, and his daughter Amy. My Daughter James Mitford: My wife and I only had the one child. It might have been nice to have a son, but we didn’t plan a family, we just had Amy. I see her as my best friend. I think she’d always come to me first if she had a problem. We have the same sense of humour, and share interests. I don’t mind animals, but she’s completely obsessed with them, and she has always had dogs, cats, horses, and goldfish in her life. We were closest when she was about four, which I think is a lovely age for a child. They know the parents best, and don’t have the outside contacts. She must have grown up suddenly when she went to school, because I remember her growing away from her family slightly. Any father who has a teenage daughter comes across an extraordinary collection of people, and there seemed to be an endless stream of strange young men coming through our house. By the time I’d learned their names they’d gone away and I had to start learning a new lot. I remember I told her off once in front of her friends and she didn’t talk to me for days afterwards. I wanted more than anything else for her to be happy in what she was doing, and I was prepared to pull strings to help her on her way. She went to a good school, but that didn’t work out. She must have upset somebody. When she left she decided she wanted to become 214 an actress so I got her into drama school. It wasn’t to her liking so she joined a theatre group and began doing bits and pieces in films. She was doing well, but then gave it up. She probably found it boring. Then she took up social work, and finally went to work for a designer and he became her husband. And that’s really the story of her life. She must be happy with him – they’re always together. We have the same tastes in books and music, but it takes me a while to get used to new pop songs. I used to take her to see the opera, which is my big passion, but I don’t think she likes it very much, she doesn’t come with me any more. I don’t think she’s a big television watcher. She knows when I’m on, and she might watch, but I don’t know. It’s not the kind of thing she tells me. We’re very grateful for Amy. She’s a good daughter as daughters go. We’re looking forward to being grandparents. I’m sure she’ll have a son. My Father Amy Mitford: I don’t really know my father. He isn’t easy to get on with. He’s quite self-centred, and a little bit vain, I think, and in some ways quite unapproachable. The public must think he’s very easy-going, but at home he keeps himself to himself. He can’t have been at home much when I was a child, because I don’t remember much about him. He’s always been slightly out of touch with family life. His work always came first, and he was always off somewhere acting or rehearsing. He loves being asked for his autograph, he loves to be recognized. He has won several awards, and he’s very proud of that. He was given the Member of the British Empire, and we had to go to Buckingham Palace to get the medal. It was incredibly boring – there were hundreds of other people getting the same thing, and you had to sit there for hours. He shows off his awards to whoever comes to the house. I went to public school, and because of my total lack of interest and non-attendance I was asked to leave. I didn’t want to go there in the first place. I was taken away from all my friends. He must have been very pleased to get me into the school, but in the end it was a complete waste of money. I let him down quite badly, I suppose. I tried several jobs but I couldn’t settle down in them. They 215 just weren’t challenging enough. Then I realized that what I really wanted to do was live in the country and look after animals, so that’s what I now do. As a family, we’re not that close, either emotionally or geographically. We don’t see much of each other these days. My father and I are totally different, like chalk and cheese. My interests have always been the country, but he’s into books, music and above all, opera, which I hate. If they do come to see us, they’re in completely the wrong clothes for the country -mink coats, nice little leather shoes, not exactly ideal for long walks across the fields. He was totally opposed to me getting married. He was hoping we would break up. Gerald’s too humble, I suppose. He must have wanted me to marry someone famous, but I didn’t, and that’s all there is to it. We don’t want children, but my father keeps on and on talking about wanting grandchildren. You can’t make someone have children just because you want grandchildren. I never watch him on television. I’m not that interested, and anyway he usually forgets to tell me when he’s on. 1. Replace the words in italics in the following sentences with a multi-word verb from the texts. 1. He started playing golf because he needed the exercise. 2. I unexpectedly met an old school friend last week. 3. Have you heard? Jane and Andrew have separated. 4. What sort of relationship do you have with your parents? 5.1 can’t stand her. She’s always boasting about her wonderful children. 6. Are you beginning to get established in your new flat? 7. Tennis was taking up too much of my time, so I stopped doing it. 8. Don’t disappoint me. I’m relying on you to help me. 9. She was reprimanded for getting her new clothes dirty. 10. It was a good plan in theory but it wasn’t successful in practice. 2. Make up sentences with the following multi-word verbs: to work out, to let down, to tell off, to break up, to take up, to come across, to get on (with), to show off, to settle down, to give up, to keep on, to look forward to 216 How multi-word verbs work on = continuing She kept on talking for over an hour. The pupils worked on until the teacher arrived. The rain kept on all night. She’s staying on at university to do research. She turned to Poirot again. ‘Yes, go on. Go on finding out.’ 3. Study and practise the sentences where the particle on has the general meaning of continuing with something. 1. I thought of leaving my job, but my boss persuaded me to stay on. 2. We thought the ship would stop and pick us up, but it sailed on. 3. The road conditions were dreadful, but we decided to drive on. 4. We camped near a village for a few days and then decided to move on. 5. The soldiers fought on despite heavy casualties. 4. Read the following short paragraph about Dave Lawson and answer the questions. Last year Dave started to attend an optional training course but dropped out after a few weeks. Dave has a tendency to give up as soon as he meets a problem. He should keep on trying even when something is very difficult. Unfortunately, he never listens to advice and carries on doing whatever he wants without thinking of the consequences. In spite of these weaknesses, however, Dave is capable of doing well, and his teachers are now trying to persuade him to stay on at school so he can prepare for university. A. Questions. 1. What happened last year when Dave took a training course? 2. What does Dave do when a problem arises? 3. What advice would you give Dave? 4. Do you think he will listen to your advice? Why (not)? 5. What do Dave’s teachers want him to do? 217 B. Now write a few lines about someone who is exactly the opposite of Dave. up = stopping or delaying something I said goodbye and hung up. Sorry I’m late, I was held up in the traffic. 5. Look at the sentences and say what you think the verbs in italics mean. 1. The Soviet Union has broken up. 2. Isn’t Rose here yet? I’ll go and see what’s holding her up. 3. Rick tried to fix the car, but he gave up the attempt after an hour. 4. The number you dialled is busy. Please hang up and try again. 5. ‘Why are crying?’ ‘Chris thinks we should break up.’ 6. My parents split up last year. 6. Translate into English. 1. Он намерен заняться медициной после окончания школы. 2. Вы можете положиться на него, он вас не подведет. 3. Это была любовь с первого взгляда. Они поженились, но вскоре разошлись. Они совершенно разные люди. 4. Я вчера случайно нашел несколько старых писем. 5. Он хотел похвастаться своей новой машиной. 6. Она бросила работу, чтобы ухаживать за больной матерью. 7. Отец отчитал (отругал) меня, так как я вернулась домой поздно и не предупредила его. 8. План оказался удачным. 9. Он в хороших отношениях со своей тещей. 10. В твоем возрасте пора уже взяться за ум. 11. Я с нетерпением жду поездки в Париж. 12. Он все время задает глупые вопросы. Family Relationships Interview with 16-year-old daughter Helen Interviewer: Helen: 218 How do you get on with your parents? I think I get on with them very well, really. We don’t always see eye to eye on some things, like boy- Interviewer: Helen: Interviewer: Helen: friends – they don’t always approve of them -but on the whole they’re very understanding. If I had a personal problem, I think I could confide in them, and if I was ever in trouble I know I could rely on them to help me. How strict are your parents? Well, my Dad’s quite strict about staying out late at night, but I can usually get round him. If I’m nice to him, he lets me come home a bit later. My Mum’s always telling me to tidy up my bedroom and put things away after I use them, and I have to do some of the housework. But if I compare them with other parents I know, they aren’t very strict. And who are you most like in your family? Oh, I think I take after my mother. Everybody says we’re both very independent and strong-willed. I like to have my own way a lot of the time, but I’m not spoilt. I don’t always get my own way. And my parents always tell me off if I do anything wrong. Interview with 17-year-old son David Interviewer: David: Interviewer: David: Interviewer: David: How do you get on with your parents? I look up to them because I know they’ve worked hard to bring us up properly. How strict are your parents? They can be very strict at times. I told my Dad I wanted a motorbike, but he said it was out of the question – it was too dangerous. My mother is strict about keeping things tidy. I can’t get out of doing the washing up and things like that, unless I’m very busy. How do you get on with your sister? I never agree with what she says, so we are always arguing. We’ve never been very close, but I get on all right with her. I think I’m much closer to my mother. 219 Interview with mother Interviewer: Mother: What’s it like being a parent? Bringing up children is very difficult. You always worry about them. You have to be very patient and put up with a lot – like noise and even criticism. And you can’t always get through to them – sometimes they just won’t listen. But the advantages of being a parent outweigh the disadvantages. The main thing is to enjoy your children while they are young because they grow up so quickly nowadays. How strict are you with your children? I suppose I’m reasonably strict. They can’t do what they like and get away with it, and I tell them off when they do something wrong. And what is the secret of being a good parent? I think you have to give them confidence and let them know you love them. And you have to set a good example through your own behaviour, otherwise they won’t look up to you. And what do you want for your children in the future? I want them to be happy, and I want them to look back on their childhood as a very happy time in their lives. Interviewer: Mother: Interviewer: Mother: Interviewer: Mother: 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. A 1. to get round someone B 2. to take after someone a. to respect and admire someone, to have a very good opinion of someone b. to escape being punished for something 3. to tell someone off (for doing something) c. to think about something that happened in the past 220 4. to look up to someone 5. to bring someone up 6. to get out of doing something 7. to get through to someone 8. to grow up 9. to get away with something 10. to look back (on something) d. to reprimand, to speak severely to someone because they have done something wrong e. to persuade someone to let you do or have something, usually by flattering them f. to raise a child, to look after a child until it is adult and try to give it particular beliefs and attitudes g. to resemble a member of your family in appearance or character h. to avoid having to do something i. to succeed in making someone understand the meaning of what one is saying j. to become more adult and mature 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The f irst one has been done for you. 1. I have always admired and respected my father. (look up to) I have always looked up to my father. 2. The little boy said he wanted to be a train driver when he was older. (grow up) 3. She’s very similar to her mother – they are both very intelligent. (take after) 4. I often think about my childhood. (look back on) 5. I can’t make her listen to me or understand what I’m trying to say. (get through to) 221 6. When her mother died she was raised by her aunt. (bring up) 7. How can we avoid going to my brother’s party? (get out of) 8. He was not punished for using bad language at home. (get away with) 9. At first her father wouldn’t let her go to the all-night party, but in the end she persuaded him to let her go. (get round) 10. She reprimanded him for breaking the window. (tell off) 3. Match a sentence in A with one in B. Then practise saying the questions and answers. A B 1. Do you respect your a. No, he got away with it. parents? 2. Do you like David? b. No, I can’t get through to him. 3. Did he do the washing up? c. No, he puts up with it. 4. Does he listen to you? d. No, he got out of it. 5. Was he punished for the e. No, I must get down to it. crime? 6. Have you done the f. No, I don’t get on with him. homework? 7. Has he complained about g. Yes, I look up to them. the noise? 4. Translate into English. 1. Я смог легко убедить его. 2. Она похожа на свою мать. 3. Отец отчитал ее за то, что она пришла домой поздно. 4. Удивительно, что все его уважают. 5. Она воспитала пятерых детей. 6. Ей удалось отвертеться от уборки квартиры. 7. Она выросла в де222 ревне. 8. Ему не удастся избежать наказания. 9. Он так упрям, я просто не могу до него достучаться. Across a Crowded Room It was love at first sight. I saw her standing on the other side of a crowded room sipping a glass of wine. Our eyes met. I walked over to her and said, ‘You seem to be on your own. Can I join you?’ She smiled and said yes. At first she came across as rather shy, but as I got to know her better I found out she was an open and confident person who was easy to get on with. At the end of the party I said I would like to see her again and asked her out for a meal the following week. I took her out to a small Italian restaurant in Soho. After talking for a while, we found out that we had a lot in common -in fact, we seemed to have the same interests and tastes in everything. She smiled at me when I spoke to her, and when our eyes met this time I knew that I was head over heels in love with her. I thought that she was falling in love with me, too. We started going out with each other, and after some time we got engaged and decided to live together. We were both very happy and made plans to settle down and get married the following year. However, it wasn’t long before things started to go wrong. She seemed less affectionate and loving as the weeks passed, and I started to feel she was going off me. She criticized me all the time. ‘Why are you always going on at me?’ I asked. In the end I wondered if we were suited to one another. I was keen on hard rock and she was fond of classical music. I was interested in sport and she was interested in politics. We finally fell out over a TV programme. We had a terrible row, broke off our engagement, and called off the wedding. A week later she moved out. I was heartbroken, and it took me a long time to get over it. A few months later I heard she was engaged to a man who worked in local government. They got married, but after two years their marriage broke up and they got divorced. I tell you this because last night I went to a party and I was drowning my sorrows when I saw her standing on the other side of the room sipping a glass of wine. I saw a man walk over to her and I heard him say, ‘You seem to be on your own. Can I join you?’ 223 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. A 1. to come across as something 2. to ask someone out somewhere 3. to go out with someone 4. to settle down 5. to go off someone 6. to go on at someone 7. to fall out (with someone) (over something) 8. to break something off 9. to call something off 10. to break up В a. to stop liking someone (informal) b. to start to live a stable, regular life in one place (perhaps after buying a house or getting married) c. to give the impression of having a particular characteristic d. to cancel something (an arrangement or event) e. to discontinue something, to bring something to an abrupt end f. to spend time with someone socially, often to have a romantic relationship g. to come to an end h. to have an argument with someone and stop being friendly with them i. to keep complaining about something to someone (informal) j. to invite someone to go out somewhere (to a restaurant or theatre) 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. The concert has been cancelled. (call off) The concert has been called off. 224 2. Stop criticizing me all the time! (go on at) 3. He’s invited her to the cinema. (ask out) 4. Julie is having a relationship with a man from France. (go out with) 5. He gives the impression of being rather aggressive. (come across as) 6. Their marriage has ended. (break up) 7. Michael has had an argument with Tony and isn’t talking to him. (fall out with) 8. I want to have a stable life, buy a house, and get married. (settle down) 9. They have ended their relationship. (break off) 10. I’m starting to dislike him. (go off) 3. Jane is very upset. Her friend, Mary, has come to visit her. Look at their conversation below. Replace the words in italics with multi-word verbs. Mary: Jane: Mary: Jane: Mary: Jane: Mary: Jane: Mary: What’s the matter, Jane? Have you had an argument with Paul again? Yes, you could say that... Well, it takes two to have an argument. What was it about this time? He said I was always complaining and criticizing him. Is it true? Well, in a way, yes. But I was feeling insecure because I thought he was starting to dislike me. How long have you been seeing one another? Nearly a year now. But yesterday I discovered he’s been having a relationship with someone else. Oh, so what did you do? 225 Jane: Mary: Jane: Mary: Jane: Mary: I told him, and he said he wanted to end our relationship. But I thought you were planning to get married in June? We’ve cancelled it. Well, I’m sorry to hear the two of you have ended your relationship. I think it’ll take me a long time to recover from this. Well, perhaps it’s for the best. You were never really happy with him. And after all, there are plenty more fish in the sea! How multi-word verbs work off The particle off can be used with some verbs to give the idea of stopping or cancelling something: They broke off their engagement and called off the wedding. 4. Complete the following sentences with multi-word verbs that use the particle off. 1. Can you ... all the lights when you go to bed, please? 2. Hello, operator, I was talking to someone and we were ... . Can you try to re-connect us, please? 3. There isn’t time to have the meeting today, so we will have to ... till next week. 4. It’s been lovely talking to you on the phone, but I must ... because there’s someone at the front door. I’ll call you again next week. Bye. 5.1 wish they would make up their minds one way or the other. Yesterday they said the wedding was on, but now they’ve had another argument and say the wedding ... . 5. Translate into English. 1. Они уехали во Францию и обосновались в Париже. 2. Я остыла к своему дружку. 3. Почему отменили собрание? 4. Их брак развалился. 5. Обсуждая новую пьесу, друзья поссорились. 6. Вначале он показался мне искренним, но я была разочарована в нем. 7. Он пригласил меня в ресторан, но я отказалась пойти с ним. 8. Они встречаются уже год. 9. Мать бранила ее за то, что она поздно вернулась домой. 10. Он раз и навсегда отказался от привычки курить. 226 Happily Ever After I: Interviewer H: Helen I: How did you meet your husband? H: It was on a blind date, actually. A friend invited me to meet someone she knew. She said he was very nice, so I went along, and as soon as I met him, I fell for him. I thought he was wonderful. We started to go out with one another, and then I invited him home to meet my parents, and they took to him immediately – they thought he was a lovely person. I: So meeting him was an important event? H: Oh, yes, it was a turning-point in my life. You see, whereas I’d always had my head in the clouds, he was very practical and realistic – he had his feet firmly on the ground. I: Do you remember when he asked you to marry him? H: Yes, very clearly. We were walking in the park and he proposed to me completely out of the blue. I really wasn’t expecting it. I: How did you feel about marrying him? H: I was over the moon. I thought it was the most wonderful thing that could ever have happened to me. I: And do you still feel that way today? H: Oh, yes, we’re devoted to one another. I: What do you think has made your marriage such a success? H: The fact that we’ve always supported and helped one another. I’ve always stood by him, and he’s never let me down once. We’re a partnership. I: So you never have any arguments? H: Well, we have our ups and downs now and then – everybody does – but I know that underneath it all we were made for each other. I: Interviewer G: George I: How did you meet your wife? G: We worked for the same company. She was about the same age as me, and she struck me as a very nice person. As time passed I 227 I: G: I: G: I: G: I: G: I: G: I: G: I: G: came to look on her as a friend. We spent some time together and then we started going out with one another. What did your parents think of her? When I introduced her to my mother she said she couldn’t understand what I saw in her. She thought she was very ordinary and not at all the right person for me. Do you think your mother’s opinion influenced you in any way? I think it made me have second thoughts about marrying her, but we still got married a few months later. What was life like after you got married? Things were all right for a while but then we began to quarrel. We always kissed and made up in the end, but there were still problems between us. Why was that? I think the main thing was that we weren’t really suited to one another. After we got married we started to see one another in a different light. We spent less and less time together, we became interested in different things, and gradually we grew apart. What happened then? We started having terrible arguments and I behaved very badly towards her. I tried to make up for it, but she couldn’t forgive me. In the end we split up. I suppose it was inevitable really. And how did this experience affect you? I think it changed my outlook on life. I certainly don’t see it through rose-coloured spectacles any more. Would you marry again? I would, but it would have to be the right person, and there would have to be a lot more give and take. Otherwise I don’t think it would work. 1. Match the multi-word verbs in A with the definitions in B. А 1. to fall for someone 2. to take to someone/ something 228 В a. to compensate for something b. to become friends again after an argument 3. to stand by someone 4. to let someone down 5. to look on someone as something 6. to see in someone/ something 7. to make up/to make it up (with someone) 8. to grow apart (from someone) 9. to make up for something 10. to split up c. to provide help or support for someone when they are in trouble d. to fall in love with someone e. to consider someone as something f. to find a particular quality in someone/something g. to disappoint someone, often by breaking a promise or agreement h. to end a relationship or marriage i. j. to begin to like someone/ something to develop separate interests and become gradually less close to someone 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. When I was in trouble she gave me help and support. (stand by) When I was in trouble she always stood by me. 2. I have always considered you to be my closest friend. (look on as) 3. I’m depending on you, so don’t disappoint me! (let down) 4. The children liked her the moment they met her. (take to) 5. She fell in love with her skiing instructor. (fall for) 6. I don’t understand what she finds attractive about him. (see in) 7. She tried to compensate for the trouble she had caused. (make up for) 229 8. After a year they ended their relationship. (split up) 9. I think we’ve become less close to one another. (grow apart) 10. They had an argument but later they became friends again. (make up) 3. Translate into English. 1. Когда у меня неприятности, мой друг всегда поддерживает меня. 2. Мне он понравился с первого взгляда. 3. Им сразу понравился новый учитель. 4. Он пристрастился к игре в азартные игры. 5. Почему они расстались? 6. Я не знаю, что он в ней находит. 7. Они поссорились, но потом помирились. 8. Я должен искупить вину за то, что сделал. 9. Он ненадежный человек. Он много раз подводил меня. 10. Мы в последнее время очень отдалились. 11. Они считают его своим лидером. Getting On С: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: 230 Have you seen Julie lately? Do you know how she is? ... Oh Julie? Well, actually, not very well at all. It’s that husband of hers. Why? What’s happened now? Well ... you know they got married a year ago. Yeah, they didn’t know each other very well, did they? No. They’d only been going out for six months before that, but they seemed to get on really well together. Anyway, recently, a friend of Julie’s saw Mike, the husband, in a restaurant, with a very attractive young woman, they seemed to be more than just good friends. Oh no! Poor Julie! What did she do? Well, she asked Mike to explain exactly what was going on. What did he say? He tried to make out that the woman was a business client and, at first, Julie was taken in. C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: C: L: So, what happened? Well, he seemed to be having a lot of ‘business dinners’ in the evenings. Yeah, it’s a familiar story. ... and on one or two occasions she even smelt perfume on his clothes which wasn’t hers ... How awful for her! Then, one day, she found this letter. What do you mean? What kind of letter? A love letter... all very predictable. Who was it from? There was no name... just the words ‘I love you’ and the letter ‘P’ at the end. Did she know who it was? She had an idea but, anyway, she told Mike she knew what was going on and she couldn’t put up with it any more. She confronted Mike with all the different things she’d noticed and insisted he told her the truth. So what did he do then? At first he again tried to make out that nothing was the matter, but finally, after she refused to believe him, he admitted he was in a terrible state, that he didn’t know what to do. He said he felt he loved Julie but he’d also fallen in love with Patricia (the other woman). Julie’s first reaction was to tell him to leave at once ... that she never wanted to see him again. And did she? Well no... you see, apparently, at that point, he begged her to let him stay and promised never to see Patricia again. Finally, she gave in and so, they’re still together. When did all this happen? Oh, about a month ago. Has she got over it yet? No, not really. I don’t know if she ever will. I wouldn’t be surprised if they split up in the end. She’s really unhappy ... 231 1. Rephrase using the phrasal verbs from this unit: have a (romantic) relationship ........................................... have a good relationship with someone .......................................... happen ........................................... pretend ........................................... deceive ........................................... tolerate ........................................... agree to someone else’s demands ........................................... recover from ........................................... finish a relationship and separate ........................................... 2. Complete this text with one phrasal verb in each space. Amanda and Kevin got married five years ago. They had been ... for about two years before that. However, a friend of Amanda’s saw Kevin with another woman in a restaurant and told Amanda. When Kevin told her nothing was wrong and that the woman was just a business client, Amanda was ... . However, Kevin kept having to go away on business trips and once or twice Amanda answered the telephone and the person at the other end put the phone down without speaking. She asked Kevin what was ... . He ... that he didn’t know what she was talking about. She didn’t accept that and insisted he told her the truth. Finally, he told her everything. Amanda decided to ... the situation for the sake of the children but later changed her mind and said she was going to leave him. He begged her to stay and eventually she ... . That was only about a year ago but they seem to have ... it now. They are ... very well with each other and I doubt very much that they will... . 3. Discuss the following situations: a) What would you do in Julie’s situation? b) Do you think a couple can get over a crisis like this? 232 Topic: Jobs and Work Getting On in Life Two people, Jeremy and Angela, are describing how they came to choose their careers. Jeremy At the moment I have a very good, well-paid job that I enjoy doing, but it hasn’t always been like this. Several years ago I used to work as a salesman for a small company that specialised in making motor components for the car industry. It was the sort of job where you had to be committed to your product, you had to believe in it and do everything possible to sell it. But times were hard and a lot of companies were going out of business, so our company started to cut back on the number of people it employed in order to save money – fortunately, I wasn’t one of them – but in the end it had to close down, and I found myself out of work for the first time in my life. I applied for several jobs in similar companies, but I wasn’t successful – every one of them turned me down. Then one day I was looking through the paper and I came across an advertisement for courses that specialized in journalism. I filled in an application form, sent it off, was accepted onto the course, studied hard, passed my exams, and became a qualified journalist. I then wrote to a small magazine for the car industry, attended an interview along with dozens of other applicants and, to my surprise, they took me on. The magazine grew in size and popularity. I moved from writing articles to being sub-editor, and this year I became the editor, so I suppose I’ve been lucky really. Angela When I was young my father always told me how important it was to get on in life and be a success. ‘You must make something of your life,’ he used to say. I think he wanted me to be a doctor or an engineer or something like that. And I can remember how disappointed he was when I left school early and started work as a secretary. 233 It was a small, badly-run company, and when I went there they told me the job wasn’t difficult and I would soon pick it up. At the beginning I liked the job, but as time passed the work started to take up more of my time and I found I was working late in the evenings and even at weekends. And in addition to this I had to put up with poor working conditions and a low salary – I earned just enough to get by – and there were no promotion prospects at all. All this really got me down. And then I started to wonder if I was really cut out for this kind of work – it didn’t really suit me or my particular abilities. Then one day – I remember I’d been working very hard that month and had put in a lot of extra hours – I went to see my boss to ask for some time off work. I needed to visit my mother, who wasn’t well at the time. I have to say that I didn’t get on with my boss very well. Anyway, he refused point-blank. He said it was out of the question and he didn’t want to hear another word. I tried explaining but I just couldn’t get through to him. He wouldn’t listen. So I walked out of the office, and as far as I was concerned, that was it, that was the last straw. The next day I handed in my resignation, and I said to myself I would never put myself in that kind of position again. I decided to return to studying and go in for law. I graduated from London University and now I’m starting to make my way in the world. As my father used to say, ‘The world is my oyster’. So was my father right? Is it important to get on in the world? Well, in some ways it is, but it depends on how your measure success and what you want to get out of life. After all, there are other things in life besides work. 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. A 1. to cut back (on) (something) 2. to close (something) down 3. to turn someone/ something down 4. to take someone on 234 B a. to learn something without difficulty or special study b. to make someone feel depressed c. to close something (a factory or organization) temporarily or permanently d. to manage to survive and have a satisfactory life 5. to get on 6. to pick something up 7. to take up an amount of something 8. to get by (on something) 9. to get someone down 10. go in for something e. to use or require a certain amount of time, effort, or space f. to employ someone g. to choose something as one’s career h. to refuse or reject someone/ something i. to reduce something, especially to save money j. to succeed, to be successful in one’s job 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The f irst one has been done for you. 1. The company has employed extra staff. (take on) The company has taken on extra staff. 2. I’ve decided to make a career in medicine. (go in for) 3. She survives on a very small income. (get by) 4. He didn’t accept my offer of help. (turn down) 5. The factory will have to reduce production. (cut back on) 6. The bad working conditions depress me. (get me down) 7. The company has stopped doing business. (close down) 8. I learnt some Arabic while I was in Cairo. (pick up) 9. She wants to be a success in her job. (get on) 10. Writing reports uses a lot of my time. (take up) 235 3. Work with your partner. Take turns interviewing one another, using the questions below. Try to use the following multi-word verbs and expressions in your questions and answers. cut out for take on pick up go in for get by get on (in life/the world) turn down apply for take up get someone down be accepted onto/for e.g. A: What profession do you think you are cut out for? B: I think I’m cut out for acting because I like speaking in public. 1. Which of these jobs are you most / least suited to? Why? business management administrative work teaching social work acting nursing secretarial work academic work 2. What made you choose your present career or course of study? 3. What kind of things make you feel depressed at work or at school? 4. What aspects of your work or study require most time? 5. How important is it to be successful in life? Why? 6. How important is it to have a job that pays a lot of money? Why? 7. Have you acquired any new skills recently? 8. Where did you learn them? How multi-word verbs work It is possible to say ‘We must cut back’ without including an object in the sentence. However, if the object is included, we can add another particle. 236 We must cut back on expenditure. With this particular multi-word verb the particle on is optional. The same is true of to cut down (on) (something). I must cut down on the amount of chocolate I eat. Here are some more multi-word verbs which can be used with or without an object. She’s falling behind. She dropped in. Shall we carry on? I get by. How are you getting on? They’ve moved out. I never look back. We don’t get on. However, if these verbs take an object, they always need another particle. Carry on with your work while I’m away. 4. Supply the missing particles in the sentences below. 1. I’m falling behind... my work at school. 2. How are you getting on... your studies? 3. She dropped in... us last weekend. 4. We’ve moved out... our flat. 5. Please carry on... what you were saying. 6. I often look back ... my childhood. 7. I can’t get by ... less than ₤ 50 a week. 8. Stephen doesn’t get on ... his maths teacher. 5. Translate into English. 1. Он не годится для этой работы. 2. Он увлекается рыбалкой. 3. В конце концов, работа и домашние заботы подорвали здоровье Луизы. 4. Как вы поживаете? 5. Ее наняли в качестве прислуги в богатом доме. 6. Она живет на очень маленькую пенсию. 7. Они отвергли мой план. 8. Его молчание угнетает меня. 9. Многие заводы закрыты из-за забастовки. 10. Он преуспел в жизни. 11. Уборка квартиры занимает у меня много времени. 12. Он научился немецкому языку, когда работал в Германии. 13. Он наотрез отказался помочь мне. 14. Он считал, что его примут на работу. 237 6. Seven people are talking about their work. What are their jobs? 1. I’m often on duty at weekends, especially if there is a football match or a demonstration. I’m there to see things don’t get out of control. I think you have to be cut out for this type of work because it isn’t easy and can be dangerous. You serve the public and you’re there to protect them, but they don’t always appreciate what you’re trying to do. The pay and conditions are all right, which is a good thing because you can’t go on strike. 2. Sometimes I’m on duty all night and it isn’t easy to take time off work. The salary isn’t very good – I can get by on it – but I’d never go on strike, because it’s my job to look after people and I know they depend on me. Sometimes you have to put up with bad working conditions but you know that what you’re doing is an extremely worthwhile job. 3. Well, basically I pick people up and I drop them off. I take them where they want to go to and that’s it. 4. You have to be cut out for this kind of work, otherwise you shouldn’t go in for it. You have to learn a lot of things by heart, and you can suffer from nerves throughout the whole of your professional life. You are often out of work and you have to be very ambitious and lucky to get on, but if you do, the world’s your oyster. 5. You have to be good at getting on with people, and you have to remain calm at all times – you must never panic. You need some training for this job, but some things you can pick up quite quickly. It’s exciting to stop off in exotic places and look round for a few days, but sometimes the work can be very routine and the pay is average. 6. You have to work long hours, and you can be on call twenty-four hours a day, but it’s wonderful to be able to use your knowledge to 238 help people and relieve suffering. I think people tend to look up to you as a result. 7. Like all professionals, you have to be committed to what you’re doing. I’m at work very early in the morning to set things up so that everything is ready when the day starts. The work takes up a lot of my time, especially preparation time and going through people’s work and correcting it. The poor pay sometimes gets me down, but I believe in what I’m doing and that’s the most important thing. 7. Complete this interview by putting the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs in each space. carry on, come about, cut down, do away with, draw out, drop in, face up to, give up, go on, grow up, lay off, let out, make up, pay in, set up, shut down, stay in Interviewer: I understand that your early life was not easy. Can you tell us a little about it? Where were you born? Ruth: In Barnsley, in the north of England and that’s where I grew up. Interviewer: Were you lonely as a child? Ruth: I had three sisters and two brothers so it was never quiet. There was always something ... . The house was never empty because neighbours ... all the time. Interviewer: Do you remember any particularly happy moments? Ruth: Yes, when we went to bed my mother always told us stories. She didn’t have a book – she just ... them ... herself. Interviewer: And then things went wrong. How did that ...? Ruth: Well, in the first place my father smoked a lot. He always said that he was going to … , but he never did. He got very ill and he was in hospital for several weeks. Even when the hospital … him ... , he wasn’t well. He 239 had to … and keep warm so that his bronchitis wouldn’t start again. But at least he had the sense to finally … smoking. Interviewer: But things got worse. Ruth: Yes, while he was recovering we heard that the factory where he worked had … a lot of workers. At first he wasn’t affected but then we heard that they were going to … the factory … . Interviewer: And then things got better. Ruth: Yes, my parents had to … their new situation. They said that businesses could … factory workers but they would always need office staff. Luckily they had a savings account and every week they had … something … . Now they decided to … their savings and … a little business selling office equipment. It did quite well and when they retired I decided to … it … . Interviewer: Well, that is a story with a happy end. Thank you for speaking to me. Topic: Medical Matters Healthy Body, Healthy Mind Doc: Doctor T: Ms Teresa Green IR: Mr Ivor Rose RB: Mr Rich Brown LW: Mrs Lily White 1. Doc: Hello, Mr Brown. And how are you? RB: Well, I haven’t been feeling very well recently. I get out of breath very easily when I climb stairs or walk short distances, and last week I started getting pains in my chest. Doc: Mm, I see. Do you smoke? RB: Yes, I get through about 30 cigarettes a day. Doc: That’s rather a lot. Have you tried giving up? 240 RB: I have, doctor, but I can’t break the habit. Doc: Well, I think you should at least try to cut down on the amount you smoke. What about your eating habits? Have you put on any weight recently? RB: Yes, I’m a little overweight at the moment. You see, I eat in cafes most of the time and I tend to drive everywhere because of my job. I sell sports equipment. Doc: Well, it sounds as if you’re out of condition. I think you need to take some regular exercise. RB: What, you mean take up jogging? Doc: Well, jogging or something like that, but the most important thing is, I think you need to lose some weight, so I want you to go on a diet. RB: Go on a diet? Doc: Yes, it’s particularly important that you cut out fatty foods. What about alcohol? How much do you drink? RB: About two or three pints of beer in the evenings. Doc: I think you need to cut out drinking completely for the next few months. RB: That’s easier said than done, doctor. Doc: I agree, but if you don’t change your lifestyle, you could be in trouble ... 2. Doc: Hello, Teresa. And what seems to be the problem? T: Well, I’m not feeling very well at the moment. I’m preparing for exams and I’ve been staying up late at night studying. This morning I got out of bed very early to do some more work, and I passed out. My flatmate found me on the floor. I came round after a few seconds. Doc: Mm. Have you had any other symptoms? T: Well, I have been feeling a bit off colour and sometimes I get splitting headaches. What do you think is wrong with me? Doc: Well, it sounds as if you’ve been burning the candle at both 241 ends. You’ve probably been overdoing it and you’re overtired. I don’t think it’s anything to worry about, but I think you should take it easy for a while and try to get enough sleep. T: Yes, I haven’t been getting much sleep lately. Doc: I’ll give you something to help you relax in the evenings. And just try to have a few early nights. T: Thank you, doctor. 3. Doc: LW: Doc: LW: Hello, it’s Mrs White, isn’t it? That’s right, doctor. What can I do for you? Oh dear. I’m always tired, doctor – I’m absolutely worn out at the end of the day. Doc: Are you eating regular meals? LW: Well, I don’t really have time to eat – I’m too busy with the children. And we don’t have much money for food because my husband’s out of work. Doc: It sounds to me as if you’re a bit run down. I’ll write out a prescription for some extra iron and vitamins, and I’d like you to come back in a couple of weeks so I can see how you’re getting on. LW: Thank you, doctor. 4. Doc: Hello, Mr Rose. How are you feeling? IR: I feel a bit under the weather. I’ve got a headache and I ache all over. Doc: Mm. You’ve probably picked something up. Let me see. Yes, you’re running a temperature. I think you’re going down with flu. IR: How long will it take me to get over it? You see, I need to get back to work as soon as possible. Doc: About four or five days. I’ll write out a prescription for some pain killers for you. Take these tablets three times a day after 242 meals. Meanwhile, my advice is to go to bed with a hot water bottle and drink lots of fluids. After a few days you should feel as right as rain. 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. А 1. to get over something 2. to come/go down with something 3. to get through an amount of something 4. to pick something up 5. to cut something out 6. to put on an amount of something 7. to take something up 8. to cut down (on) something 9. to pass out 10. to come round В a. to increase in weight or size b. to recover from an illness, shock or surprise c. to develop the symptoms of an illness or disease d. to use a quantity of something such as food or money e. to reduce something, to consume less of something f. to develop an interest in something as a hobby or profession g. to recover consciousness h. to stop doing/using something i. to catch an illness j. to faint, to lose consciousness for a short time because of lack of food or air, or because of shock 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. Achoo! Oh dear, I think I’m starting to catch a cold. (come down with) Achoo! Oh dear, I think I’m coming down with a cold. 2. I think I caught my cold from Jim. (pick up) 3. It took me a week to recover from my last cold. (get over) 243 4. I really must reduce the amount I smoke. (cut down on) 5. I smoke 20 cigarettes a day. (get through) 6. My weight has increased recently. (put on) 7. I must stop eating chips. (cut out) 8. I’ve started playing golf as a hobby. (take up) 9. I think I’m going to faint. (pass out) 10. I recovered consciousness a few seconds later. (come round) 3. Translate into English. 1. Я поправилась. Я должна отказаться от сладкого и жирного. 2. Мой отец начал заниматься спортом, когда ему было уже за 40. 3. Он заболел гриппом. 4. Когда произошла утечка газа, несколько человек упало в обморок, но вскоре они пришли в себя. 5. Мне необходимо сократить потребление соли. 6. В прошлом месяце я подхватила грипп. 7. Он болел пневмонией, но сейчас уже поправился. 8. Он взялся за изучение истории. How multi-word verbs work down The particle down can be used with some verbs to give the idea of reducing something (decreasing in strength, size, or intensity). I think you should try to cut down (on) the amount you smoke. The radio is very loud. Can you turn it down, please? 244 4. Work with your partner. Say what you think the following multi-word verbs mean. slow down cool down bring something down quieten down calm down die down 5. In the following sentences, the multi-word verbs are all mixed up. Correct them. 1. This soup is too hot to eat. I’ll wait for it to slow down. 2. The government is trying to calm down the rate of inflation. 3. You are driving too fast. Please quieten down. 4. Don’t get so angry! Just bring down. 5. Can you ask the children to die down? They are making so much noise I can’t hear myself think! 6. The wind blew strongly for several hours but then it started to cool down. 6. Tell the story of Mr Brown. Use the multi-word verbs and expressions from this unit. out of condition to put on (an amount of something) to get through (an amount of something) to cut something out to cut down (on) (something) to take something up to be/go on a diet to give something up out of breath to knock someone down to come round out of danger 245 Topic: Education Getting Down to Work George had problems with studying, so he wrote to a magazine problem page for advice. Dear Marjorie I’m having problems with my studies at school. I find it difficult to get down to work in the evenings and I can’t concentrate on anything at the moment. I spend most of my time listening to records or watching TV instead of doing my homework. The other students in my class are much better than I am and I have difficulty in keeping up with them. I sometimes have problems with following the lessons as well. I can’t always take down the important things my teacher says because I write so slowly. She has told me that I’m falling behind with my studies. I’m not good at writing essays and I usually hand in my homework late because I put off doing it until the last minute. So I often have to invent silly excuses to explain why I haven’t done the work. I’m sure I’m not going to get through my final exams in June. I scraped through the mock exams last February with 54 % – all the other students passed with flying colours. I’m now so far behind that I don’t know how I’m going to catch up with them. My teacher spent some time going through my homework with me but she found so many mistakes that I felt even more depressed. What do you suggest I do? Yours desperately, George 1. Match the multi-word verbs in A with the definitions in B. А В 1. to get down to doing something 2. to keep up with someone / something 3. to take something down a. to be behind with something, not at the level expected b. to start work on something 4. to fall behind (with something) 246 c. to postpone, to decide to do something at a later date d. to pass an exam or test 5. to hand something in e. to check that something is correct, to examine something 6. to put something off f. to reach the same standard or position as someone else 7. to get through (something) g. to give something to someone in a position of authority 8. to scrape through h. to remain at the same standard (something) or position as someone else 9. to catch up (with someone / i. to record in writing what somesomething) one is saying 10. to go through something j. to pass an exam but with a very low grade 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. Can I give you my homework tomorrow? (hand in) Can I hand in my homework tomorrow? 2. Can you check my homework to see if there are any mistakes? (go through) 3. Could we postpone our meeting until tomorrow? (put off) 4. I must begin work. (get down to) 5. I didn’t pass the exam. (get through) 6. I passed my history exam with only 54 %. (scrape through) 7. Can I write down your name and address? (take down) 8. She’s remaining at the same level as the other students in class. (keep up with) 247 9. Everyone in class is making progress with their studies, but I’m getting worse and worse. (fall behind) 10. I must try to reach the same level as the other students in my class. (catch up with) 3. Ask your partner the questions below, try to use the multiword verbs from this unit in your questions and answers. A: How are you getting on with your studies? B: At the moment I’m falling behind a little, so I’ll have to work harder to catch up with the rest of the class. 1. 2. 3. 4. How are you getting on with your studies? What things do you write down in lessons? Do you always do your homework immediately? How do you check there are no mistakes in your work before you give it to your teacher? 5. How do you think you will do in your future exams? How multi-word verbs work through The particle through can be used with some verbs to give the idea of reading something (sometimes quickly) in order to find information. go through something look through something read through something The particle through can also be used with some verbs to give the idea of completing something, such as an exam or test. scrape through something get through something sail through something (to succeed in something without any difficulty) 248 Through can also be used to describe completing a process of thought. think something through (to consider something in detail in order to understand it completely and then make a decision or take action) 4. Study and practise the following sentences. Translate them. 1. She has had a long and difficult life. She has lived through two world wars and a revolution. 2. It was a horrible and painful experience. I never want to go through anything like that again. 3. Dr Jones’s lectures are long and boring. I refuse to sit through any more of them. 4. He’s a heavy sleeper. If a fire alarm started ringing, I’m sure he would sleep through it. 5. We both felt much better after we had sat down and talked through all our problems. 6. I’ve read through your letter very carefully. The particle down can be used with some verbs to give the idea of recording something in writing. write something down/ put something down (to write or type words or numbers) copy something down (to write something exactly as it is written somewhere else) get something down (to manage to write down what someone is saying, usually with difficulty) note something down (to make short notes about something so they can be referred to later) 5. Study and practise the following sentences. Make up your own sentences for these multi-word verbs. 1. Can you copy down his address for me? 2. Have you got the details down? 3. The teacher will demonstrate an experiment to the students who will then note it down and write it up. 4. You haven’t put Profes249 sor Mangel’s name down on the list. 5. Write down the address before you forget it. 6. Did you get his number down? in = from all directions (to the centre) or from several people Have all the pupils handed in their examination papers? out = to all directions or to several people Will you help the teacher to give out the exercise books? come in/out go in/out give sth in/out hand sth in/out pour (sth) in/out send sth/sb in/out bring sth/sb in take sth/sb out 6. Complete the paragraphs, using a suitable phrasal verb from the list above. Although there is more than one correct answer in most cases, you should not use the same verb twice. A. People … … all kinds of things at a lost property office. Recently someone even … … a small elephant! Every day hundreds of enquiries … … about articles which people have lost or mislaid. If no one has … … the articles concerned, the lost property office will ... ... descriptions to all the other lost property offices in the area. B. Over 20,000 application forms for the chess competition have been … … . They were posted during the last three days. In addition, 2,000 forms … … yesterday by people standing in busy shopping centres, and so it appears that the competition will be a great success. Completed forms are already beginning to ... ... . All forms should be … …, using the stamped addressed envelopes provided. Forms should not be ... ... personally to this office: there are not enough staff to deal with them. 7. Translate into English. 1. В эту сессию я едва сдал экзамен по физике. 2. Уже 10 часов. Пора приступить к работе. 3. Запиши номер моего телефона. 250 4. Время истекло. Пора сдавать работы. 5. Он не отстает от других учеников в классе. 6. Вначале я отстал от них, но потом я их догнал. 7. Лекцию отложили из-за болезни лектора. 8. После того как Том сделал домашнее задание, его мать проверила его сочинение. 9. Боюсь, что я не сдам экзамен по физике. Picking Up ... As for my Arabic ... well, things are not going too badly. I feel I’m slowly picking it up. I go to classes every morning for an hour and a half. They are OK, but the teacher is very strict. He gets irritated if you make a mistake, so I just shut up and don’t say anything, but I do take lots of notes. We do some speaking and a little writing every day and I’m gradually beginning to work out the difference between all the letters of the alphabet, though it’s not easy. Some people in the class have studied Arabic before and they generally catch on much quicker than me when new things are introduced, but I try and do lots of homework and so I’m keeping up with the others OK. The best thing though is just walking around town – people often ask you to come in their shop and have a cup of tea. Obviously I can’t say much yet but it’s a good chance for them to practise their English and for me to practise my Arabic. Somehow, between us, we can generally get across what we want to say. It’s funny but some words and expressions you hear again and again; like ‘shokran’ (which means ‘thank you’). I try and make an effort to find out what new words mean, either by asking someone or by looking them up in my English/Arabic dictionary, and then learning them by heart. All in all, I feel I’m able to get by in Arabic for the day-to-day things like shopping, catching buses and taxis, saying ‘Hello’ to people and so on. My job, on the other hand, has not been going so well... 1. Find a phrasal verb in the text that means: communicate, survive, discover, keep quiet, learn, understand, maintain the same level, look for information in a reference book, mentally calculate 251 2. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. More than one answer is possible in some cases. e.g. was she she out angry when found very When she found out she was very angry. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. him up father to his told shut up it you what it if know don’t means look difficult it across to was get idea the Spanish on enough I’ve get got holiday to by what he I out means work can’t catch I not saying they on could what to was workers I up by job picked the watching the other that him he keep so with fast can’t walks I up 3. Can you think of an appropriate way to end/begin what these people are saying? e.g. I have never been able to find out ... why the English drive on the left-hand side of the road. 1. I sometimes find it difficult to keep up ... . 2. I catch on quickly when ... . 3. I can’t work out why ... . 4. ... and so I shut up! 5. ... and so I looked it up in a dictionary. 6. ... but I managed to get by. 7. ... but I couldn’t get across what I meant. 8. ... and I picked it up very quickly. How multi-word verbs work out The particle out can be used with some verbs to give the idea of solving something. We have sorted out our problems and everything is fine now. 4. Look at the sentences and say what you think the verbs in italics mean. 1. I’m only interested in finding out what the facts are. 2. It is sometimes difficult to make out what is said over an airport loudspeaker. 252 3. Oxford is trying out another idea to help working parents. 4. It may look true in the short run and turn out to be false in the longer run. 5. Don’t tell me the answer. I want to work it out for myself. 6. If the heating breaks down, an engineer will quickly sort things out. 5. Discuss with another student your experience of beginning to learn a new language either English or possibly another language. Use the phrasal verbs from this unit as appropriate. Ask and answer: - what language it was why you were trying to learn it how you were trying to learn it (in a class, from books etc) what helped you the most to learn it if you had any particular difficulties if you liked learning it and why/why not what you think your level is in this language now and what you can do in it, for example, get by in everyday situations 6. Write a short text for foreigners coming to your country about the best way for them to pick up the language and how to get by in simple everyday situations. Topic: News What’s in the News? Here is the seven o’clock news. First, the news headlines. - Thieves break in at the Royal Gallery Ship goes down at sea near the Sussex coast Three men break out of Brixton prison Plane comes down in jungle 253 - Chemical factory blows up Severe weather cuts off towns in the north Damaged plane touches down safely Now here is the news in detail. Thieves break in at the Royal Gallery Last night thieves broke into the Royal Gallery and got away with paintings worth over a quarter of a million pounds. The break-in happened around 11.00 o’clock in the evening, but was not discovered until the early hours of the morning. At present it is not known how the thieves got into the building, though a security guard is helping the police with their enquiries. Ship goes down at sea near the Sussex coast A ship has gone down at sea off the south coast of England following an explosion in its engine room. The ship was carrying a cargo of wood and was heading for Liverpool. The fire spread rapidly and was soon out of control. However, all the crew were picked up safely by the rescue services. Three men break out of Brixton prison Three men broke out of Brixton prison this morning. They overpowered a prison officer and escaped by climbing over the wall. They were seen making off in a red car that was waiting for them outside the prison. One of the men was later picked up by the police, but the other two men are still on the run. Police have warned the public not to approach these men, as they may be armed and dangerous. Plane comes down in jungle A plane with two English passengers on board has come down in dense jungle in Brazil. It seems that one of the engines cut out while the plane was heading for Rio de Janeiro, and the pilot was forced to make a crash landing in the jungle. A rescue team is now searching for survivors. 254 Chemical factory blows up News is coming in of an explosion at a chemical processing plant in Luton. It seems that part of the factory blew up and a fire has broken out. Although the fire is dying down and the situation is under control, the fire brigade say they won’t be able to put it out completely for several hours. Severe weather cuts off towns in the north Severe weather conditions in the north of England have cut off several towns and villages. Many roads are impassable due to heavy falls of snow. Supplies of food are being flown into some villages by helicopter. Damaged plane touches down safely A plane had to make an emergency landing at Heathrow this morning when one of its doors blew off. Shortly after taking off an explosion was heard and the plane had to turn back to Heathrow. The emergency services were standing by in case of a crash landing, but the plane touched down safely. ‘I never want to go through an experience like that again!’ said the passenger who had been sitting next to the door. ‘I don’t think I’ll ever get over the shock of seeing the door come off and a drop of 1,000 metres beneath me!’ 1. Match the verbs in A with the definitions in B. А 1. to pick someone up 2. to pick someone up 3. to cut out 4. to blow (something) up В a. to escape from a place where one is a prisoner b. to catch or arrest someone c. to succeed in stealing something and escaping with it d. to be ready to provide help or take action if it is needed 255 5. to make off 6. to break into somewhere/ to break in 7. to cut something/ someone off 8. to get away with something 9. to break out (of somewhere) 10. to stand by e. to explode, to destroy something with explosives f. to stop working (of an engine or machine) g. to enter a building or room illegally or by force h. to isolate something or someone from something i. to rescue someone from danger, especially from the sea j. to leave in a hurry, especially to escape from other people 2. Read the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. The engine keeps stopping. (cut out) The engine keeps cutting out. 2. The survivors were rescued from the sea by helicopter. (pick up) 3. Don’t touch it! It might explode! (blow up) 4. He was arrested by the police for possessing drugs. (pick up) 5. The police are ready for action in case there is trouble. (stand by) 6. Someone entered our house illegally at the weekend. (break into) 7. Our village was isolated by a snowstorm for a week. (cut off) 8. He’s escaped from prison again. (break out) 9. The robbers succeeded in stealing over ₤ 100,000. (get away with) 256 10. I tried to stop the thief, but he escaped on a motorbike. (make off) How multi-word verbs work Multi-word verbs as nouns and adjectives Some multi-word verbs can be used to make nouns and adjectives. They are usually made by combining the infinitive of the verb stem with the particle. If your car broke down on the motorway you could say: I had a breakdown on the motorway, so I called the breakdown service. Similarly, the verb to get away (= escape) can be used to form a noun or an adjective. The robbers made their getaway in a blue car. The next day the police found the getaway car a short distance from the scene of the crime. The stress is normally on the first part of the word. ( breakdown, getaway) 3. The particle out can be used with some verbs to give the idea of something stopping completely. Look at the sentences below and say what it is that has just stopped. e.g. The firefighters put out the fire. = The fire stopped. 1. The engine was working all right but then it suddenly cut out. 2. After two years at university he decided to drop out. 3. She had to pull out of the competition because of a leg injury. 4. The shop has sold out of that style of jumper. 5. This species of bird died out in the nineteenth century. 6. They used to be good friends but they fell out last summer. 4. Translate into English. 1. Его подобрала спасательная шлюпка. 2. Он был задержан по обвинению в воровстве (on a charge of theft). 3. Мотор заглох. 257 4. Центральное отопление перестало работать. 5. В шахте было семьдесят человек, когда там произошел взрыв. 6. Вор удрал. 7. Она всегда была готова помочь мне. 8. Грабители скрылись, забрав более десяти тысяч фунтов. 9. Ему сходит с рук все. 10. Мы были отрезаны снежными заносами. 11. Смит вновь совершил побег. 12. Грабители проникли в помещение через окно. Topic: Telephoning be through call sb up cut sb off (often passive) get through (to sb) hang up hold on look sth up phone sb up put the phone/ the receiver down put sb through ring /call sb back ring off ring sb up 258 (Operator) Go ahead and speak. You’re through now. Katie’s going to call you up tonight, We were in the middle of an interesting conversation when we were cut off. ‘Did you get through to Ken?’ ‘Yes, I spoke to him at last.’ I hung up when Ben began to insult me. The operator asked me to hold on while she connected us. Can you look up Mary’s number in the phone directory? Please phone us up as soon as you get home. ‘Why did you put the receiver down so quickly?’ ‘The person at the other end of the line was very rude to me.’ I asked the receptionist to put me through to the manager. Can you ask Sue to ring /call me back when she returns? The caller rang off before I could ask for her number. Linda promised to ring the theatre up and book two seats. 1. Complete the conversation, using phrasal verbs from the list above. A: Do you know the number of Lawson Mount Hospital? B: I’m sorry, I don’t. Why don’t you … it … in the directory? A: I don’t have a directory for that area. B: Well, … … directory enquiries. A: Oh, here’s the number. It’s 774492. I’d written it on this bit of paper. Hello, is that Lawson Mount Hospital? Can you … me … to Ward 2, please? C: … … a moment, please. A: Hello, is that Ward 2? Can I speak to ...? That’s strange. The line’s gone dead. We’ve been … … . B: … the phone …, wait a moment and then dial the number again. I’m sure you’ll eventually … … to the hospital. A: All right. Here goes! (pause) Hello, is that Ward 2? I’d ... . Would you believe it? They’ve … …! B: They can’t have done that. There’s obviously something wrong with the phone. 2. Read the telephone conversation below. Substitute expressions containing a phrasal verb for the words and expressions in italics. Caller: Operator: Can I speak to Sue Brown, please? Just a moment, please. I’ll connect you. (after a few seconds) Operator: Go ahead, caller. You are connected now. Secretary: Sue Brown’s office. Caller: Hello. Is Sue Brown there, please? Secretary: No, I’m afraid she’s just gone out. Would you like to leave a message? Caller: Well, tell her I phoned her. Actually, I’ve been trying to reach her by telephone for a couple of days. Tell her that 259 the last time I phoned, the operator stopped our conversation before we’d finished. I don’t want her to think that I finished the conversation by replacing the receiver. In fact, I waited for ten minutes, but the line was completely dead. Could you ask her to return my telephone call this evening? 3. Translate into English. 1. He вешай трубку! 2. Подождите, пожалуйста, м-р Смит говорит по телефону сейчас. 3. Прежде чем мы закончили разговор, нас разъединили. 4. Я узнала его голос и положила трубку. 5. Говорите! Вас соединили. 6. Посмотри номер ее телефона в справочнике. 7. Я звонил ему несколько раз, но не дозвонился. 8. Я вам перезвоню, когда узнаю результат. 9. Кто-то пришел, я должен закончить разговор. 10. Сколько времени вам понадобится, чтобы соединить нас? 11. Я никак не мог связаться с начальством. 12. Когда вы будете мне звонить? 13. Я не успел ответить, как он положил трубку. 14. Ваш друг сказал, что он еще раз позвонит. Getting Through Operator: John Stevens: Operator: Operator John Stevens: Operator: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: 260 Hello. Britex Ltd. Can I help you? Yes. I’d like to speak to Karen Miller in Marketing. Putting you through. I’m sorry but the line’s busy at the moment. Can you hold on? Yes. That’s fine. You’re through now, caller. Hello? Hello Karen. This is John Stevens from Comtec. Who? Sorry, this isn’t a very good line. Could you speak up please? Yes, sorry. This is John Stevens from Comtec. Oh, hello John. What can 1 do for you? Well, actually, I’m phoning about next week’s meeting. Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: John Stevens: Karen Miller: You mean the one on Thursday? Yes, that’s right. Thursday the 24th at 9.30 a.m. You don’t want to call it off, do you? No, not at all. But we need to put it off for at least a week. Oh, why’s that? Well. We’re having problems getting all the figures together. I see. Have you told Jack Ryan? No, not yet. I haven’t been able to get through to him. I’ve left a message but he hasn’t called me back yet. Fine. When were you thinking of? To be on the safe side, why don’t we say the 5th or the 6th of November. Just a minute. I need to check my diary. In fact I think the 5th would be better for me. Same time? Yes, that’s fine. And you’re sure you’re going to be ready by then? This meeting is extremely important for us. You know that we are counting on you. Yes, absolutely. No question. We’ve never let you down before, have we? No, true. Good. Well, see you on the 5th then. OK. Thanks very much. Bye. Bye. 1. Focus on phrasal verbs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Putting you through. Can you hold on? Could you speak up please? You don’t want to call it off, do you? We need to put it off for at least a week. I haven’t been able to get through to him. He hasn’t called me back yet. 261 8. You know that we are counting on you. 9. We’ve never let you down before, have we? 2. Rephrase using the phrasal verbs from this unit: return the call …………...... wait …………...... postpone …………...... connect …………...... cancel …………...... make contact …………...... fail/disappoint …………...... depend on …………...... talk louder …………...... 3. Six of these sentences are grammatically possible, six are not. Find the incorrect sentences and correct them. The first one has been done for you. 1. I’ve been trying to get you through for ages but the line’s always engaged! NOT CORRECT. I’ve been trying to get through to you for ages but the line’s always engaged! 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 262 Please hold it on. Mr Jameson will be with you in a minute. Don’t let down me. I really need your help this time. Can you call back later, I’m rather busy at the moment? You can’t call off the wedding now – we’ve sent out the invitations! Please call back me before this evening. Do you mind if we put off coming until next weekend? You can never count on him. He’s just unreliable. Is your phone broken? I can never seem to get you through. 10. Can you put me through to Mike for a quick word? 11. Please speak it up, I can’t hear you. 12. If we let them down again, they will cancel the order. 4. In pairs, ask and answer these questions. 1. What would you do if you wanted to complain over the phone to the manager of an organisation but the secretary wouldn’t put you through to her/him? 2. What do you do when someone tells you to hold on and you are still holding on five minutes later? 3. When would you ask someone to speak up? 4. If you had an important message for someone but you couldn’t get through to them, what would you do? 5. Have you ever arranged an important event and then had to call it off? If so, why? 6. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. What do you think of this saying? 7. Have you ever been seriously let down by a friend that you have been counting on? What happened? Topic: Money. At the Bank Winning a Fortune Up until a year ago, Arthur and Mildred Watkins were just a very ordinary middle-aged couple. They lived in a small suburb, just outside Birmingham. With two teenage children and a large mortgage, life wasn’t easy. And then disaster struck ... Arthur lost his job. Mildred remembers what happened: Arthur just couldn’t find another job. He was too old, you see. Soon we had fallen behind with mortgage payments and they cut the phone off as we couldn’t pay the bill. We had to borrow money from the bank, 263 from friends... it was awful! It began to really get me down. Arthur began drinking a lot. I just didn’t know what to do. And then the incredible happened ... Arthur continues the story: We got this letter – official-looking it was. I thought it was going to be another demand from the bank, but it wasn’t. It was a letter telling us we had won ₤ 2,000,000. From that day Arthur and Mildred’s life changed completely. But not all for the good. The first thing they did was to settle up all their debts. Then they bought a large Rolls-Royce and several fur coats for Mildred. They moved down south and bought a large luxury flat in the middle of the West End of London. They flew on Concorde to the States, went around the casinos in Las Vegas and stayed in all the big hotels. Our big mistake was not planning what to do with the money. We never put any by. I suppose we just went a bit mad. As well as that, a lot of people wrote to us, telling us about all their problems and why they needed money. So we gave away a lot of money. We wanted to help. Another problem arose when they were visited by a certain Mr James Harkington. Mr Harkington introduced himself as a ‘professional investment consultant’... That Harkington man – he really ripped us off. He looked so respectable and told us how we had to invest our money carefully for the future. Anyway, we agreed to buy shares in some company in Manchester. After just four weeks we heard it was out of business and we had lost all our money. Harkington had disappeared. And now... the money has nearly all gone. Arthur and Mildred are trying to sell their London flat and move back to Birmingham but things aren’t looking good. None of our friends want to see us now, they all say we are too good for them now. Things just can’t go on like this but I just don’t know what we are going to do. 1. Find a phrasal verb in the text that means: save, continue, cheat, be late, distribute, depress, disconnect, pay back 264 2. Match the halves of the dialogue. e.g. 1 d) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Can we settle up at the end of the week? Sure, whenever you’ve got the money. Can we settle up at the end of the week? Why do you never seem to have any money these days? What’s the matter? Why are you looking so angry? Why don’t we give away those old chairs? Did you really sell him that antique table for only ₤ 20? Are you and John still arguing a lot? What will happen if he goes on being late for work? Why do you want the money? a) Who to? No-one would want them. b) Yes. It’s really beginning to get me down. c) I have fallen behind with the rent again and the landlord said if we don’t pay we’ll have to go. d) Sure, whenever you’ve got the money. e) He’ll probably get the sack. f) They have just cut off the gas and electricity but I paid all the bills. g) I’m trying to put by as much as I can so that we can buy a new car. h) Why? Do you think he ripped me off? 3. Complete the following gaps with one of the phrasal verbs from the text. 1. If you … … working like this, you will have a heart attack. 2. It’s easy to be … … when you buy a second-hand car. 3. He has been unemployed for more than a year. It’s really ... him ... . 4. I promise I’ll … … when I get my next pay cheque. 5. He decided to ... ... all his money and go and work with the poor in Calcutta. 6. When we 265 … … with payments for our new car, they sent someone to take it back. 7. I’m trying to ... a little money ... each month to give my grandchildren, when they are a little older. 8. When we didn’t pay the telephone bill, we were … … . 4. Prepare to tell the story of Arnold and Mabel, a couple similar to Arthur and Mildred who were very poor but who also won ₤ 2,000,000. Arnold and Mabel had a fantastic time with the money and are now much happier as a result. Write up the story you prepared. Setting Up Bank Manager: Come in, come in. Please sit down. Mark: Thank you. Thanks very much for fitting me in. I know you must be very busy. Bank Manager: Not at all. We do try to be available as much as possible. Mark: Well, as you know, I’ve come to see if there is any chance of the bank lending me some money to help me set up a small restaurant in the centre of town. Bank Manager: Yes, well ... I need to ask you one or two questions to start with. Mark: Of course. Bank Manager: Do you have any capital of your own? Mark: Well, in fact, I’ve just come into some money. You see my grandmother recently died and left me ₤ 40,000 which I wanted to use for the business. Bank Manager: I see. And have you actually picked out a suitable location, a building for the restaurant? Mark: Yes, I think so. In Lincoln Road. It’s on the ground floor. It used to be a small supermarket but it went bankrupt. I’ve looked it over quite carefully. It’s not in very good condition and we need to do it up a bit but that means it will be much cheaper to buy. Bank Manager: Fine. And how about future plans? 266 Mark: Well obviously I will see how things go at first but really I’d like to branch out after a year or two and open up in the suburbs if things go well. Bank Manager: Right, well, you just need to fill in this form with a few details and send it to us as soon as you can. Then we can arrange a meeting to discuss terms. Mark: So you don’t think I’m going to be turned down? Bank Manager: I really can’t say at this stage. We need to see all the relevant information first and then we’ll be in a better position to ... 1. Choose the correct meaning of each of these phrasal verbs: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. fit in = find time/give an interview set up = buy/start come into = inherit/borrow pick out = look for/choose look over = examine/think about alternatives do up = repair and decorate/buy furniture branch out = expand/sell fill in = look at/complete turn down = refuse/consider 2. Find the grammatical mistake in each sentence. e.g. I’m terribly sorry, but I don’t think we can fit in you this week. I’m terribly sorry, but I don’t think we can fit you in this week. 1. We’re thinking of branching it out into men’s clothes next year. 2. I can’t believe it. She’s come a fortune into. 3. Excuse me, madam, but have you picked it out the one you want yet? 4. He looked over on my article quickly and, without a word, threw it in the bin. 5. Of course, it needs do up, but basically it’s a real bargain. 6. If you could just fill in, sir, with details of exactly what you saw and heard. Then 267 you can go. 7. He’s very upset. He never expected to be turn down. 8. We must to set up a committee to discover exactly what happened. 3. Translate into English. 1. Нам придется организовать (создать) новую лабораторию. 2. Сегодня утром врач больше никого принять не может. 3. Он очень занят сегодня, но все же постарается улучить для вас время (найти для вас время). 4. Он был очень беден, но однажды унаследовал большое состояние. 5 Он выбрал красивый браслет для своей жены. 6. Учитель просмотрел контрольные работы. 7. Дом только что отремонтировали. 8. Он быстро заполнил документы. 9. Он сделал Сэлли предложение, но она ему отказала. 10. Теперь они занялись новым делом. Money! Money! Money! A self-made woman: I come from a very poor background. My parents never had any money so we literally lived from hand to mouth. That’s probably why I set out to become rich before I was thirty. I found a job in a company, and when I’d saved enough money I started up my own business. What do I put my success down to? Hard work. You have to work hard for what you want in this life. A rich woman: I’m fortunate because I came into a lot of money when my aunt died and left me everything. I invested the money and now I live off the interest. I suppose I’m what you would call well-off -but money isn’t everything. Sometimes it creates more problems than it solves. A bankrupt businessman: At one time I was extremely well-off, but then came the stock market crash and I lost everything. I had no money to pay off my debts and I was declared bankrupt. What did I learn from this experience? Firstly, money doesn’t grow on trees, and secondly, when you lose 268 everything you find out who your real friends are – they’re the ones who stay with you when you come down in the world. Unemployed person: The last job I had was so badly paid that I couldn’t make ends meet on my salary, and as a result I was always getting into debt. Everything was becoming more expensive all the time but my salary stayed the same, so I couldn’t keep up with the cost of living. My bank account was in the red and I had no savings to fall back on. And then I lost my job. Now things are really hard and I have to get by on less than ₤ 70 a week. I know they say money can’t buy happiness, but I’d rather be rich and unhappy than poor and unhappy. A middle-aged regular saver: Some people spend money like water, but not me – I believe in saving up for a rainy day. I put by a little money every week. You see, you have to think about the future when you’re my age. When you’re young you don’t need money but when you’re old, you can’t live without it. 1. Match the multi-word verbs in A with the definitions in B. A 1. to set out to do something 2. to put something down to something 3. to come into something 4. to live off someone/ something 5. to pay something off 6. to keep up with someone/ something В a. to save something so you can use it later b. to depend on someone/ something as a source of income c. to manage to survive (on something) despite difficulties d. to inherit something (especially money) e. to consider something to be the result of something else f. to begin with the intention of achieving something 269 7. to fall back on someone/ something 8. to get by (on something) 9. to put something by g. to return to someone/ something for support, when other things have failed h. to progress or rise at the same rate as someone / something else i. to repay a debt 2. Read the sentences, then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you. 1. I’ve repaid all my debts. (pay off) I’ve paid off all my debts. 2. I save a little money every week. (put by) 3. He inherited a fortune when his father died. (come into) 4. She survives on a very small income. (get by on) 5. She gets all her money from her parents. (live off) 6. My salary isn’t rising as fast as inflation. (keep up with) 7. We thought her bad behaviour was the result of stress. (put something down to) 8. I know I can always ask my parents for help if I’m ever in trouble. (fall back on) 9. She intended to become the best tennis player in the world. (set out to) 270 3. Rewrite the following sentences so that they have similar meaning, using the multi-word verbs from this unit. Make any changes necessary to the structure of the sentences. 1. Many pensioners have to survive on very little money. 2. He calculated it would take him three years to clear all his debts. 3. She accumulated a great deal of money by saving a little every week. 4. His uncle died and left him a fortune. 5. She decided she wanted to start her own business. 6. If I ever get into financial difficulties, I know I can always rely on my brother for help. 7. She supports herself with the money she gets from selling her books. 8. She thought she was a success because she had been lucky. 9. The cost of living is going up all the time, but my salary isn’t. 4. Complete the sentences below. 1. If I came into a lot of money, I’d ... . 2. One thing I have set out to do, and have achieved, is ... . 3. If I earned a salary which didn’t keep up with inflation, I’d ... . 4. I could get by on very little money provided that ... . 5. I put the increase in crime down to ... . 5. Translate into English. 1. Они намерены выиграть матч. 2. Когда у него не хватает фактов, он полагается на свое воображение. 3. Всегда полезно иметь кое-что про запас. 4. Я знаю, что если у меня возникнут проблемы, я смогу положиться на своих друзей. 5. Я объяснил его плохое настроение его недавней болезнью. 6. Я отношу неуспех дела на счет его неопытности. 7. Я за вами не успеваю. 8. Две недели он жил на орехах и ягодах. 9. Она живет на иждивении своего дедушки. 10. Ты уже расплатился со всеми долгами? 11. Я кое-что отложила на черный день. 12. Сколько нам удалось отложить в прошлом месяце? 13. У меня небольшой доход, но мне как-то удается сводить концы с концами. 271 ÖÀÔ¤ ÀÖ”‘÷Ÿ”Õœ‚‚”⁄ ‘À◊›—œ◊Œ—‹ Acklam, R. Help with Phrasal Verbs / R. Acklam. – Heinemann, 1992. Alexander, L. G. English Grammar Practice / L. G. Alexander. – Longman, 1992. Berlizon, S. English Verbal Collocations / S. Berlizon. – M., 1964. Coe, N. Oxford Practice Grammar / N. Coe, M. Harrison, K. Peterson. – Oxford, 2006. Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. – Collins Publishers, 1990. Collins Cobuild Phrasal Verbs. Workbook / Collins Publishers, 1997. Evans, V. Round-up 5 / V. Evans. – Longman, 2002. Evans, V. Round-up 6 / V. Evans. – Longman, 2002. Evans, V. Enterprise. Grammar 3. / V. Evans, J. Dooley. – Express Publishing, 1999. Evans, V. Enterprise. Grammar 4. / V. Evans, J. 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