GOLDEN BRAIN ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 14 | 2023 SILINDRIK VA SFERIK KOORDINATALAR ๐ง SISTEMASI ๐ง๐ด ๐ด Bozorova Oสปgสปiloy Hikmat qizi ๐ ๐๐ด ๐๐ด Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti ๐ ANNOTATSIYA Qutb koordinatalari sistemasi tekislikdagi nuqtaning vaziyatini aniqlaydi. Fazodagi nuqtaning vaziyatini aniqlash uchun silindrik koordinatalar sistemasini Silindirsimon koordiatalar kiritamiz. sistemasi ๐ uch ๐ ๐ oสปlchovli kosmosdagi nuqtalarni topish uchun ishlatiladi. Sferik koordinatalar sistemasi — oสปlchamli koordinatalar ๐ ๐พ sistemasi fazodagi uch boสปlib, nuqtaning ะขัาัะธ ัะธะปะธะฝะดั vaziyati uchta kattalik bilan bilan aniqlanadi. ๐ ัะตะบะธัะปะธะบะดะฐะณะธ ๐พ ัะณัะธ ัะธะทะธา Silindrik koordinatalar sistemasi Avvalo silindr va silindrik chiziq tushunchasini kiritamiz. Ma’lumki, tekislikning ะฆะธะปะธะฝะดัะธะบ ัะธัั berilgan nuqtasidan bir xil masofada yotgan nuqtalari to‘plami aylana deyiladi. Berilgan nuqta aylananing markazi, markazdan aylananing biror (yoki ixtiyoriy) nuqtasigacha bo‘lgan masofa aylananing radiusi deyiladi. SHu tekislikni aylana nuqtalari orqali kesib o‘tuvchi parallel to‘g‘ri https://t.me/goldenbrain_journal Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal May, 2023 217 GOLDEN BRAIN ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 14 | 2023 chiziqlar to‘plami silindr deyiladi. Bunda har bir to‘g‘ri chiziq silindrning yasovchisi deyiladi. Agar silindrning yasovchisi aylana tekisligiga perpendikulyar bo‘lsa, bu silindr to‘g‘ri silindr deyiladi, aks holda og‘ma silindr deyiladi. Tekislikdagi ixtiyoriy ๐พ egri chiziqni qaraylik (๐พ – “gamma” deb o‘qiladi, grek harfi). SHu tekislikni ๐พ egri chiziq nuqtalari orqali kesib o‘tuvchi parallel to‘g‘ri chiziqlar to‘plami silindrik sirt deyiladi. Bunda har bir to‘g‘ri chiziq silindrik sirtning yasovchisi deyiladi. Agar silindrik sirtning yasovchisi ๐พ egri chiziq tekisligiga perpendikulyar bo‘lsa, bu silindrik sirt to‘g‘ri silindrik silindrik deyiladi, aks holda og‘ma silindrik sirt deyiladi. Endi fazoda {๐, ๐, ๐} qutb koordinatalar sistemasi kiritilgan tekislik va uni ๐ qutb orqali perpendikulyar kesib o‘tuvchi ๐๐ง o‘q berilgan bo‘lsin. Bunda ๐๐ง o‘q shunday yo‘nalganki, yo‘nalishning “oxiri”dan kuzatganda qutb tekisligidagi musbat burilish soat strelkasi harakatiga qarama-qarshi bo‘lsin. Hosil bo‘lgan {๐, ๐, ๐, ๐ง} sistema silindrik koordinatalar sistemasi deyiladi. Fazodagi har bir nuqta silindrik koordinatalar sistemasida uchta ๐ , ๐ , ๐ง son orqali bir qiymatli ifodalanadi, bu erda 0 ≤ ๐ < +∞, 0 ≤ ๐ < 2๐, −∞ < ๐ง < +∞. Bu sonlar mazkur nuqtaning silindrik koordinatalari deyiladi. Aytaylik, fazodagi biror ๐ด nuqtaning silindrik koordinatalari ๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด bo‘lsin. Bu holat ๐ด(๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) kabi yoziladi. ๐๐ด son ๐๐ง o‘qdan ๐ด nuqtagacha masofani anglatadi va ๐ด nuqtaning radial masofasi deyiladi; ๐๐ด sonni ๐ด nuqtaning azimuti deyishadi; ๐ง๐ด songa nibatan ๐ด nuqtaning balandligi iborasini ishlatishadi. Fazodagi ๐ด nuqtaning (๐ฅ๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) Dekart koordinatalaridan uning (๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) silindrik koordinatalariga ๐๐ด = √๐ฅ๐ด2 + ๐ฆ๐ด2 , ๐ฆ ๐๐ด = ๐๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ฅ๐ด , ๐ด ๐ง๐ด = ๐ง๐ด (3.1) tengliklar orqali o‘tiladi. Teskari o‘tish, ya’ni fazodagi ๐ด (๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) nuqtaning silindrik koordinatalaridan uning (๐ฅ๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) Dekart koordinatalariga o‘tish ๐ฅ๐ด = ๐๐ด cos ๐๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด = ๐๐ด sin ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด = ๐ง๐ด (3.2) tengliklar orqali amalga oshiriladi. https://t.me/goldenbrain_journal Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal May, 2023 218 GOLDEN BRAIN ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 14 | 2023 Silindrik koordinatalari bilan berilgan ikkita ๐ด(๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) va ๐ต(๐๐ต , ๐๐ต , ๐ง๐ต ) nuqtalar orasidagi masofa ๐(๐ด, ๐ต) = ๐ด๐ต = √๐๐ด2 + ๐๐ต2 − 2๐๐ด ๐๐ต cos(๐๐ต − ๐๐ด ) + (๐ง๐ต − ๐ง๐ด )2 (3.3) formula orqali hisoblanadi. 2. Sferik koordinatalar sistemasi Fazoning berilgan nuqtasidan bir xil masofada yotgan nuqtalari to‘plami sfera deyiladi. Berilgan nuqta sferaning markazi, markazdan sferaning biror (yoki ixtiyoriy) nuqtasigacha bo‘lgan masofa sferaning radiusi deyiladi. Fazoda {๐, ๐, ๐} qutb koordinatalar sistemasi kiritilgan tekislik va uni ๐ qutb orqali perpendikulyar kesib o‘tuvchi ๐๐ง o‘q berilgan bo‘lsin. Bunda ๐๐ง o‘q shunday yo‘nalganki, yo‘nalishning “oxiri”dan kuzatganda qutb tekisligidagi musbat burilish soat strelkasi harakatiga qarama-qarshi bo‘lsin. Fazodagi har bir ๐ด nuqtaning ๐ nuqtaga nisbatan vaziyati undan ๐ nuqtagacha bo‘lgan ๐๐ด masofa, uning qutb koordinatalar tekisligiga proeksiyasi bilan qutb o‘qi orasidagi ๐๐ด burchak, ๐๐ด kesma bilan ๐๐ง o‘qining musbat yo‘nalishi orasidagi ๐๐ด burchak orqali aniqlash mumkin. Bu holat ๐ด(๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐๐ด ) kabi yoziladi. Hosil bo‘lgan {๐, ๐, ๐, ๐} sistema sferik koordinatalar sistemasi deyiladi. Qutb koordinatalar tekisligini sferik koordinatalar sistemasining fundamental tekisligi deb ham yuritishadi; ๐ masofani radius, ๐ burchakni azimut, ๐๐ง o‘qini zenit, ๐ burchakni zenit burchagi deyishadi. {๐, ๐, ๐, ๐} sferik koordinatalar sistemasidagi kattaliklar 0 ≤ ๐ < +∞, ๐ง 0 ≤ ๐ < 2๐, ๐๐ด ๐๐ด ๐ด 0≤๐≤๐ ๐ ๐๐ด ๐ https://t.me/goldenbrain_journal Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal May, 2023 219 GOLDEN BRAIN ISSN: 2181-4120 VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 14 | 2023 shartlarni qanoatlantirishi talab etiladi. ๐ด nuqtaning (๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐๐ด ) koordinatalaridan sferik Dekart (๐ฅ๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) koordinatalariga quyidagicha o‘tiladi: ๐ฅ๐ด = ๐๐ด cos ๐๐ด sin ๐๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด = ๐๐ด sin ๐๐ด sin ๐๐ด , ๐ง๐ด = ๐๐ด cos ๐๐ด. Teskari, ya’ni ๐ด nuqtaning (๐ฅ๐ด , ๐ฆ๐ด , ๐ง๐ด ) Dekart koordinatalaridan uning sferik (๐๐ด , ๐๐ด , ๐๐ด ) koordinatalariga o‘tish quyidagi almashtirishlar orqali bajariladi: ๐๐ด = √๐ฅ๐ด2 + ๐ฆ๐ด2 + ๐ง๐ด2 , ๐ฆ ๐ง ๐๐ด = ๐๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ด , ๐ฅ๐ด ๐ง๐ด ๐๐ด = ๐๐๐๐ก๐ 2 +๐ฆ 2 √๐ฅ๐ด ๐ด ๐ง๐ด . ๐ด ๐๐ด ๐ ADABIYOTLAR ๐๐ด ๐ฆ๐ด ๐ฆ 1. ะ.ะ. ะะฐะธัะพะฒ. ะญะปะตะผะตะฝัั ะปะธะฝะตะนะฝะพะน ะฐะปะณะตะฑัั ะธ ๐ฅ ๐ฅ ะฐะฝะฐะปะธัะธัะตัะบะพะน ะณะตะพะผะตััะธะธ. ะฃัะตะฑะฝะพะต ๐ ะฟะพัะพะฑะธะต. – ะขะฐัะบะตะฝั: «Zuxra baraka biznes.” – 123 ั. 2. ะ. ะ. ะะฐะธัะพะฒ. ะญะปะตะผะตะฝัั ะดะธััะตัะตะฝัะธะฐะปัะฝะพะณะพ ะธััะธัะปะตะฝะธั. ะฃัะตะฑะฝะพะต ะฟะพัะพะฑะธะต. – ะขะฐัะบะตะฝั: ะธะทะด-ะฒะพ ะขะะะฃ. – 131 ั. 3. A. A. Zaitov, A. Ya. Ishmetov. Matematika 1. O‘quv qo‘llanma. – Toshkent: “Zuxra baraka biznes” – 225 bet. 4. D. U. Bozarov. (2022). Determinantlar mavzusini mustaqil oqishga doir misollar. Fizika-matematika fanlari jurnali, 3(1). 5. D. U. Bozarov. Matritsalar mavzusini mustaqil o‘zlashtirishga doir misollar //ะัาะฐะปะปะธะผ าณะฐะผ ัะทะปะธะบัะธะท ะฑะธะปะธะผะปะตะฝะดะธัะธั. – 2022. – ะข. 3. – โ. 3. 6. A.R.Qutlimurotov. Oสป.H.Bozorova “Geometrik almashtirishlar” Academic research in educational sciences.-2021 8. Bozarov D. U. Chiziqli va kvadratik modellashtirish mavzusini mustaqil o’rganishga doir misollar //Eurasian journal of mathematical theory and computer sciences. – 2022. – ะข. 2. – โ. 6. – ะก. 24-28. 9. https://t.me/zaamath 10. https://in-academy.uz/index.php/EJMTCS/article/view/2606 ๐ด https://t.me/goldenbrain_journal Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal May, 2023 220