Загрузил Albert Kliavin

Unemployment-Definition-and-Essence

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Unemployment:
Definition and
Essence
Unemployment refers to the state of being without a job, typically
involuntarily. At its core, unemployment represents a mismatch between
the supply and demand of labor, with available workers exceeding the
number of open positions.
Forms of Unemployment: Frictional,
Structural, and Cyclical
Frictional
Structural
Cyclical
Temporary unemployment
Unemployment resulting
Unemployment that
caused by the natural
from a mismatch between
fluctuates with the
process of people
the skills of workers and
business cycle, rising
changing jobs or entering
the requirements of
during economic
the workforce for the first
available jobs, often due
downturns and falling
time.
to technological or
during periods of growth.
economic changes.
Types of Unemployment: Voluntary
and Involuntary
1
Voluntary Unemployment
2
Involuntary Unemployment
When individuals choose not to work,
When individuals are unable to find
often to pursue education, take a
work despite actively seeking
break, or care for family members.
employment, often due to economic
conditions or a lack of available jobs.
Causes of Unemployment:
Economic, Technological, and
Demographic
Economic Factors
Technological
Factors
Demographic
Factors
Recessions, low
Automation, robotics,
Population growth,
consumer demand,
and artificial
migration, and changes
and trade imbalances
intelligence can
in the age distribution
can all contribute to job
displace workers and
of the workforce can
losses and rising
lead to structural
impact the supply and
unemployment.
unemployment.
demand for labor.
Impacts of Unemployment:
Economic, Social, and Psychological
Economic Impacts
Reduced tax revenue, increased government spending on welfare programs,
and lower consumer spending can all negatively impact the economy.
Social Impacts
Unemployment can lead to social isolation, family instability, and increased
crime rates, affecting the broader community.
Psychological Impacts
Job loss can cause stress, depression, and a loss of self-worth, with long-term
consequences for individual well-being.
Addressing Unemployment: Policies
and Strategies
Job Training
Public Works
Investing in skills
Creating temporary
development and
Unemployment
Benefits
Economic
Stimulus
government-
Providing financial
Implementing
retraining
funded jobs in
assistance and
policies to boost
programs to help
infrastructure,
support services to
consumer demand
workers adapt to
construction, and
help the
and encourage
changing job
other public
unemployed meet
business
market demands.
projects.
their basic needs.
investment,
thereby creating
new job
opportunities.
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