Загрузил Олеся Спасова

ТК-7. Выполнение письменного задания

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From the History of Punishment
victim; felons; offender; beheading; adultery; pillory; punishment; execution;
deliberately; condemned; ancient; medieval; guilty; legal; public
For the most history punishment has been both painful and public in order to
act as deterrent to others. Physical punishments and public humiliations were
social events and carried out in most accessible parts of towns, often on market
days when the greater part of the population were present. Justice had to be seen to
be done.
One of the most bizarre methods of execution was inflicted in ancient Rome
on people found guilty of murdering their fathers. Their punishment was to be put
in a sack with a rooster, a viper, and a dog, then drowned along with the three
animals. In ancient Greece the custom of allowing a condemned man to end his
own life by poison was extended only to full citizens. The philosopher Socrates
died in this way. Condemned slaves were beaten to death instead. Stoning was the
ancient method of punishment for adultery among other crimes.
In Turkey if a butcher was found guilty of selling bad meat, he was tied to a
post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose, or a baker having sold
short weight bread could be nailed to his door by his ear.
One of the most common punishment for petty offences was the pillory,
which stood in the main square of towns. The offender was locked by hands and
head into the device and made to stand sometimes for days, while crowds jeered
and pelted the offender with rotten vegetables or worse.
In medieval Europe some methods of execution were deliberately drawn out
to inflict maximum suffering. Felons were tied to a heavy wheel and rolled around
the streets until they wee crushed to death. Others were strangled, very slowly. One
of the most terrible punishments was hanging and quartering. It remained a legal
method of punishment in Britain until 1814. Beheading was normally reserved for
those of high rank. In England «block and axe» was the common method but this
was different from France and Germany where the victim kneeled and the head
was taken off with a swing of the sword.
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THE PURPOSE OF STATE PUNISHMENT
wrongdoer; misdeeds; deterrent; retribution; death penalty; corporal punishment;
rehabilitate; reform; barbaric; law-abiding; humane; crime doesn't pay
What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to reform the
offender, to correct the offenders moral attitudes and antisocial behaviour and
rehabilitate him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life
as a useful member of the community.
Punishment can also be seen as a deterrent because it warns other people of
what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and so prevents them from
doing so. However, a third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society's desire
for retribution, which basically means revenge. In other words , don’t we feel that
wrongdoer should suffer for his misdeeds?
The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand some
believe that we should «make the punishment fit the crime». Those who steal from
others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in
no doubt that crime doesn’t pay. For those who attack others, corporal punishment
should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle an eye for an eye and
a tooth for a tooth and automatically receive the death penalty.
On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and
barbaric and we that should show a more humane attitude to punishment and try to
understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable
him to live a respectable law a biding life
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