Metodologia nauchnykh issledovaniy i prikladnoy analitiki 2023
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ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ» ω.σ. ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ σ ϥϣϴ϶ ϳϯϭϡ϶ ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϦ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϦ ϓϯϭ 1 ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ύϯϲϫϣϡ 2023 2 ϔυϋ 340:167/168; 001.11; 001.2; 001.4 – 001.6; 001.8; 001.92:37; 340.115; 340.113.1 ςςϋ 1:67; 72:67; 87.4; 73:74 ώϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϼ: ύϡϫϡϷϡϱϩЀ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ υϡϣϩϥϯϣϩϸ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϫ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ψϡϲϬϴϧϦϮϮϼϪ ϣϱϡϸ ϑϕ τϱϡϸϦϣϡ φϬϦϮϡ ϟϱϽϦϣϮϡ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ψϡϲϬϴϧϦϮϮϼϪ Ͽϱϩϲϳ ϑϕ ϔϥϡϱϷϦϣ ϒϦϱϤϦϪ ϕϦϥϯϱϯϣϩϸ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, professor emeritus ϔϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ ϋϡϨτϟϔ» ϩϭ. ύ.ϒ. ώϡϱϩϫϢϡϦϣϡ (ϑϦϲϰϴϢϬϩϫϡ ϋϡϨϡ϶ϲϳϡϮ), ϐϯϸЂϳϮϼϪ Ͽϱϩϲϳ ϑϋ ψϦϬϦϮϷϯϣ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ ςϯϱϩϲϯϣϩϸ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ ϫϡϵϦϥϱϼ ϡϥϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ ϑϔυώ, ψϡϲϬϴϧϦϮϮϼϪ Ͽϱϩϲϳ ϑϕ, ϐϯϸЂϳϮϼϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϑϕ ϒϯϬϯϣϽЂϣ ρϮϥϱϦϪ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϯϣϩϸ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ ύϯϲϫϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ ϩϭ. Ϗ.φ. ϋϴϳϡϵϩϮϡ (ύτϟρ) ϐϦϳϱϡϫϯϣϡ ϓϡϳϽЀϮϡ ωϣϡϮϯϣϮϡ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ φϣϥϯϫϩϭϯϣ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ ϟϱϽϦϣϩϸ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ ϐ56 ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 4-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. σ ϥϣϴ϶ ϳϯϭϡ϶. ϓϯϭ 1: ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ) / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2023. – 500 ϲ. (ϒϦϱϩЀ: «ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ»). ISBN 978-5-4465-3841-6 ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ – ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϲϣЀϺЂϮ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϴ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϏϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϲϴϳϽ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϫϡϫ ϱϯϥϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϦЂ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ). ϐϯϥϱϯϢϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϼ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ ϩ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϦЂ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ϏϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱ) ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ; ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ; ϲϯϩϲϫϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϦϪ ϩ ϩ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳϯϣ / ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ; ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱϲϫϯϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϳϦϭϡϭϩ. ISBN 978-5-4465-3841-6 © ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., 2015–2023 3 ϒϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ..................................................................................................... 10 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ............................................................................................................... 22 § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ .............................................................................................................. 22 § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? ........................................................................ 37 § 1.3. όϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ .............................. 43 § 1.4. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ................................... 47 § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ........................................... 50 § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ........................................... 64 § 1.7. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ .......................................... 75 § 1.8. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ .......................................................................... 79 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ................................ 83 § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ............................................ 83 § 2.2. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ........................................ 90 § 2.3. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ............................................................... 94 § 2.4. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ................................................................................................................ 95 § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ........................................................................... 97 § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ....................................................................... 103 § 2.7. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ .................................................................. 121 § 2.8. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ........................................................ 123 § 2.9. ϋϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ .............................................. 126 4 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 127 § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ .... 128 § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ........................................................................... 138 § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ...... 144 § 3.4. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡ϶ ................. 151 § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ .......................................................................................... 155 § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ .................................................................................. 163 § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ......................................................................................... 179 § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ .................... 190 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ .......... 196 § 4.1. υϩϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ...................................................................... 196 § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ............................................................... 199 § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ............................................ 206 § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ................................................................ 215 § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ................................................................ 223 § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ............................................... 228 § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ .......................... 236 § 4.8. ύϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ .. 247 § 4.9. ϏϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ............................................................................................................... 248 § 4.10. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ......................................... 250 § 4.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ .............................................................. 255 5 § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ........................................................................... 257 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ....................................................................................................................... 263 § 5.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ................................................................................ 263 § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ...................................... 267 § 5.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ .... 276 § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ . 281 § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ .................................... 288 § 5.6. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ....... 295 § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ........................ 299 § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ........... 315 § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ .............................................................. 323 § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? .................................................... 330 § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ........................................... 336 § 5.12. ωϥϦЀ ϩ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ ........................................................................... 342 § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ .............................................................................................................. 344 § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ...................................... 350 § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ................................................................... 357 § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ......... 364 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ............................................................................................................ 374 § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ .................................................. 378 § 6.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ........................................ 386 § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ............................................. 390 6 § 6.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ .......................................... 397 § 6.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ .................................................. 400 § 6.6. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ .... 402 § 6.7. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ...................................................... 404 § 6.8. ύϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ ................................................................................. 407 § 6.9. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ............................................... 410 § 6.10. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ .................................................................. 412 § 6.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ...................... 414 § 6.12. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ ................ 417 § 6.13. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϡ ................................................. 418 § 6.14. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ................................ 419 § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ ........................................................................... 420 § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» ................................. 426 § 6.17. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ .............................................. 432 § 6.18. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ............................................................ 433 § 6.19. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ............................................................... 435 § 6.20. ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ...................................................................... 438 § 6.21. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ.............. 441 § 6.22. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ .................................................................... 442 § 6.23. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ .......................................... 443 § 6.24. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ .................................... 446 § 6.25. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ ................................................ 448 § 6.26. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ .................................................................. 449 § 6.27. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ ............... 451 § 6.28. ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ..................................................................... 454 7 § 6.29. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ.. 455 § 6.30. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϤϯ Ϲϳϴϱϭϡ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ ................................... 457 § 6.31. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ .............................. 459 § 6.32. ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ............................................. 460 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ......................... 462 § 7.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭϩ) .. 462 § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ............................................................................................................... 466 § 7.3. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ............................................................................................................... 478 § 7.4. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ..................................................................................... 482 § 7.5. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϴЀϨϣϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ........................... 485 ψϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ.............................................................................................. 492 8 ύϩϱ ϣϯϹЂϬ ϣ Ͼϰϯ϶ϴ ϧЂϲϳϫϩ϶ ϣϯϪϮ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϣ, ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϩϥϴϺϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϪ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϣ ϮϦϰϱϩϭϩϱϩϭϯϪ ϣϯϪϮϦ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϣϯϪϮ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. ώϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ ϦϺЂ ϨϡϥϯϬϤϯ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϢϦϥϼ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϿϳϲЀ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϬϡϭϩ, ϯϵϩϷϦϱϡϭϩ, ϲϦϱϧϡϮϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϲϯϬϥϡϳϡϭϩ, ϣϼϩϤϱϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϹϫϯϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ, ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϫϡϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ… ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϰϯϢϦϧϥϡϿϳ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ. σ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϭϲЀ, ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϭ, ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϮϯϭ ϴϸЂϮϯϭ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϨϡϰϦϸϡϳϬЂϮ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϦϤϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀ… ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϥϣϴ϶ϳϯϭϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϲϣЀϺϡϦϳϲЀ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭϩ – ϫϡϫ ϥϡϮϽ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϣϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ, ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϪ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϩϲϫϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀϭ (ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳϡϭ), ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡϭ, ϰϱϩϸϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϣϦϥϴϺϩ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϡϣϹϩϭ Ϯϡϲ ϣ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϸϬϦϮϡϭ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϡϵϦϥϱ, ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϦϳϯϣ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϦϳϯϣ σρϋ ύϩϮϯϢϱϮϡϴϫϩ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϰϯ ϰϱϡϣϴ – ϰϯ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀϭ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϩϨ Ϯϡϲ. ϐϯϲϣЀϺϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϲϦϭ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϮϡϹϩϭ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϩ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϫϡϭ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϫϱϴϰϮϼϭ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ, ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϬϿϥЀϭ, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ Ϯϡϭ ϰϯϲϸϡϲϳϬϩϣϩϬϯϲϽ ϯϢϺϡϳϽϲЀ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ… ϒ ϥϴϹϦϣϮϯϪ ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϯϲϣЀϺϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ ϮϡϹϩϭ ϹϫϯϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϣϴϨϯϣϲϫϩϭ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀϭ, ϫϳϯ ϣ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϣϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϬ ϣ Ϯϡϲ ϲϣϯϿ ϥϴϹϴ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϬ ϲ Ϯϡϭϩ ϮϡϥϦϧϥϼ… ω ϣ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϮϡϹϩϭ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϡϭ… 9 ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ – ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϪ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϪϮϼϪ, (ϠϲϳϱϦϢϯϣ ϏϬϦϤ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϯϣϩϸ, ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ϱϦϫϳϯϱ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ ϥϱϴϧϢϼ Ϯϡϱϯϥϯϣ) Ϟϳϯ, ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϲϳóЀϺϩϪ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ. ϏϮ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϷϦϮϦϮ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ (ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ). ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϡϨϯϪ ϲϡϭϯϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩЀ, ϩϨϢϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϳ ϮϦ «ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϦϪ» ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ωϨϴϸϡϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϼ ϮϡϴϫϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϯϳ ϮϯϣϡϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϮϦϲϳϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ. (ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σϬϡϥϩϭϩϱ ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣϩϸ, ϥϯϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ, ψϡϲϬϴϧϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϑϕ, ϰϯϸЂϳϮϼϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϑϕ, ϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ (ϣ ϯϳϲϳϡϣϫϦ), ϰϯϭϯϺϮϩϫ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϩϫϡ ώϩϧϦϤϯϱϯϥϲϫϯϪ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ ύσυ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϰϯ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϭϴ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳ ώϩϧϦϤϯϱϯϥϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ «ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ») υϡϮϮϼϪ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϯϣ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ, ϴϣϯϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ Ϩϡϰϡϲ ϩ ϣϼϹϦϥϹϩ϶ ϣ ϯϳϲϳϡϣϫϴ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϲϬϴϧϡϺϩ϶ ϩ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϯ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ. (ϋϡϬϩϮϩϮ σЀϸϦϲϬϡϣ σЀϸϦϲϬϡϣϯϣϩϸ, ϸϬϦϮ ϏϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϣϦϳϡ ϰϱϩ ύϩϮϩϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϦ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϑϕ, ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫ Ϩϡϰϡϲϡ, ϰϱϦϥϲϦϥϡϳϦϬϽ ϐϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϥϯϭϡ «σϦϳϦϱϡϮϲϫϩϦ ϣϦϲϳϩ») σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ 10 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ Ϗϳϸϡϲϳϩ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϮϩϤϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϩ ϣϼϨϯϣϦϳ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϴϿ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϿ. σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ1. ϔ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯ ϨϡϥϴϭϼϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϯ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, Ͼϳϡ ϫϮϩϤϡ ϮϦ ϣϼϨϯϣϦϳ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϩϪ. ϓϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϣϲϰϡ϶ϩϣϡϦϳ ϷϦϬϩϮϴ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ. ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ. ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ2. ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ… ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϴ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϨϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ… ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϼ ϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯ, ϸϦϭ Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϯ ϱϡϮϦϦ. ϕϱϾϮϫ ώϡϪϳ. ϑϩϲϫ, ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϩϢϼϬϽ3. σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϪ ϣϣϯϥϮϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ ϳϯϭϡ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϫϱϡϳϷϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϯ, ϥϬЀ ϸϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮ Ͼϳϯϳ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ, ϸϦϭ ϣϼϨϣϡϮϯ ϦϤϯ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϣϦϳ (ϩ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϳϱϯϤϩϪ ϲϴϥ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ – ϴϧϦ ϣ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϭ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϩ) ϩ ϯ ϸЂϭ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϲЂϭ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ. ϓϯϭ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϰϯϲϣЀϺЂϮ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϳϯϭ ϣϳϯϱϯϪ – ϮϡϴϫϦ. ωϥϦЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϩϨ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϴϢϦϧϥЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϥϡϧϦ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϫϡϫ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ) ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϯϥϯϭ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ «ϱϦϭϦϲϬϯϭ», ϸϦϭϴ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϩ ϥϯ˃ϬϧϮϯ ϯϢϴϸϡϳϽ (ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϣϦϥϦϮϯ ϥϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ – ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ). 1 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 24. 2 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. vii. 3 Knight F.H. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit [ϑϩϲϫ, ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϩϢϼϬϽ]. – New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1921. – P. vii. ψϥϦϲϽ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϼ ϲ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ЀϨϼϫϯϣ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϰϱЀϭϼ϶ Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϩϮϯϦ, – Ϩϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϳϣϯϭ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. όϿϢϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϲϼϬϫϯϪ Ϯϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ ϩ Ϯϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ. 11 ϋϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ ϴ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ – ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϬϡϢϯϦ «ϲϯϸϩϮϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ»4, ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϥϡϬЂϫϯϦ ϯϳ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϯϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϦϺЂ – ϣ «ϬϴϸϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ»… ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϧϯϮϡ υϦϲϭϯϮϥϡ ςϦϱϮϡϬϡ, «ϢóϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϬϬϿϨϯϱϮϯϪ, ϢóϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ (ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϷϦϬϼ϶ ϳϱϩ ϸϦϳϣϦϱϳϩ) ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϲ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ»5. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϟ.φ. ρϣϱϴϳϩϮϡ, ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϯϣ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϲϣϯϦϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ «ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϴϰϩϫϯϣ», Ϯϯ ϩ «ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯϤϯ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϡ» ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ. ώϦϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϰϰϡϱϡϳϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮЀϦϳ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ, ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ6. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϫϯϪ ϣ ϲϳϱϡϮϦ ϰϱϩϹЂϬ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϲϬϯϪ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϿϺϩ϶, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϦϲϳϽ Ϯϡϴϫϡ, ϩ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ «ϲϯϸϩϮϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ» ϥϬЀ «ϣϼϤϯϮϡ Ϭϩϲϳϡϧϡ», ϥϬЀ «ϮϡϤϯϮϡ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϥϬЀ «ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩЀ ϲϸϡϲϳϽЀ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϥϣϡ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϮϤϬϯϲϡϫϲϯϮϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϡ» – ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ, Ϯϯ ϴϰϱЀϭϯ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲЀϺϩ϶ ϲϣϯϩ ϮϦϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϼ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ Ϯϡϴϫϴ, ϰϯϮϴϧϥϡЀ ϣϲϰϯϭϮϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϲϳϡϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫϡ υϦϭϦϮϳϩЀ ϒϥϡϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ύ.φ. ϒϡϬϳϼϫϯϣϡϚϦϥϱϩϮϡ «υϮϦϣϮϩϫ ϰϱϯϣϩϮϷϩϡϬϡ ϣ ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϦ»: «Ϙϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϣ Ϯϡϴϫϡ϶ ϲϣϦϳ? ύϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϲϦϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ ϱϡϨϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ, ϡ ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩ϶ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϳϡϫϩ϶, ϫϯϩ, ϰϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯϲϳϩ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϦϱϨϫϩϭϩ. υϡϢϼ ϰϱϦϥϯϳϣϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϣ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϣϡϧϮϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ ϣϲЀϫϩϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϬϡϲϩЀ, ϣϲϦϤϯ ϮϡϳϴϱϡϬϽϮϦϦ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀϿϳ ϲϣϦϳ, ϫϯϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϿ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ… τϬϡϣϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ, – ϦϲϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ, ϫϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϮϼϭ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ. ϓϡϫϯϣ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳ. ώϯ ϥϡϢϼ ϣ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϽ, ϮϦϳ ϮϡϥϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϢϱϦϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϳϬϩϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶, ϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ 4 ϒϭ. ϱϡϨϢϯϱ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϱϯϳϡϲϯϣ σ.ώ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϨϡϺϩϳϼ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϪ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϿϱϩϲϰϱϴϥϦϮϷϩϩ). – ύ.: ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϳϯϭ, 2021. – 141 ϲ. 5 Bernal J.D. The Social Function of Science [ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ]. – London: George Routledge, 1939. – xvi; 482 p. – P. 118. 6 ρϣϱϴϳϩϮ ϟ.φ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ. Ϗ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, ϨϡϫϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ, ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϡϥϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϰϱϡϣϦ / σϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ϟ.ώ. ϒϳϡϱϩϬϯϣϡ. – ϒϐϢ.: ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ, 2017. – 720 ϲ. – ϒ. 66. 12 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϬϩϹϽ… ϮϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϰϯϣϱϦϧϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϴϭ»7. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ύ.σ. σϯϬϽϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮϡ, ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϮϦϣϦϧϦϲϳϣϯ, ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϯϰϡϲϮϼ «ϳϦ ϦЂ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϳϱϡϳϩϬϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϫϯϲϳϦϮϦϬϼϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ»8. ϋϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϯϳ ϦЂ ϥϦϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϴϸЂϮϼϪ», «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ», «ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ» ϩ ϨϡϫϡϮϸϩϣϡЀ ϴϳϱϡϳϯϪ ϴϸЂϮϼϭϩ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ ϴϣϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϥϱϴϤ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϴ, ϴϳϱϡϳϯϪ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ. ώϦϬϽϨЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ – ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϮϦ ϮϡϴϸϩϬϩ ϣ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ Ϯϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϳϡϬ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϩ϶, ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϹϩϲϽ ϢϦϲϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϳϩϰϯϣϼϭϩ ϬϦϫϷϩЀϭϩ «ϯϢ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϯϣ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϯ ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϷϡ, ϮϡϸϩϳϼϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ». ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϲЂ ϲϣϯϥϩϬϯϲϽ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϫ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϿ, ϫϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ, «ϰϯϥϣϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϰϬϦϳϦϮϩϿ ϫϯϱϨϩϮ». ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϩ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ9. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϦϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϼϦ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ – ϴϧϦϲϳϯϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϼ ϩ ϢϯϱϽϢϼ ϲ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϯϭ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϲ ϯϳϫϱϯϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϬϡϤϩϡϳϯϭ10 ϣ Ϯϩ϶, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϭ, ϴϤϬϴϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ11. ώϯ Ͼϳϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ, ϫ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϯϣϲϦϭϦϲϳϮϯ ϩ, ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϮϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϦϪ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, 7 ϒϡϬϳϼϫϯϣ-ϚϦϥϱϩϮ ύ.φ. υϮϦϣϮϩϫ ϰϱϯϣϩϮϷϩϡϬϡ ϣ ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϦ // ϒϡϬϳϼϫϯϣϚϦϥϱϩϮ ύ.φ. ϒϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: σ 20 ϳ. ϓ. 10. – ύ.: ϖϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϡ, 1970. – 840 ϲ. – ϒ. 340–341. 8 σϯϬϽϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮ ύ.σ. ϐϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϫϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1972. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 67, 68, 188. 9 ϘϦϱϮϼϹϦϣ υ.ρ. ϋϡϫ ϬϿϥϩ ϥϴϭϡϿϳ? – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2013. – 304 ϲ. – ϒ. 10. 10 ϐϬϡϤϩϡϳ – Ͼϳϯ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϭϴϲЀ ϩ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϿ, «ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϢϬϩϨϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϥϱϡϧϡϮϩЀ (ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϩ) ЀϨϼϫϴ ϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϭ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϢϦϨ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϫϡϫ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϴϳЂϭ ϯϳϫϡϨϡ ϯϳ ϲϲϼϬϫϩ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ; ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϦ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϮϦϲϡϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϿ» (Plagiarism [ϐϬϡϤϩϡϳ] // <https://www.dictionary.com/br owse/plagiarism>). 11 τϱϡϸϦϣϡ φ.ϟ., ϚϦϫϩϮ υ.ύ. ϋϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϫ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϰϯ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϭϴ ϰϱϡϣϴ (2008–2015 ϤϤ.). – ύ.: ϒϳϡϳϴϳ, 2016. – 1038 ϲ. – ϒ. 53, 59. ϠϲϳϱϦϢϯϣ Ϗ.ρ. ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ ϨϡϺϩϳ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ // ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ. – 2019. – ࠪ 7. – ϒ. 48–49. 13 ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ (ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ). ϏϢϺϦϦ ϮϦϢϬϡϤϯϰϯϬϴϸϮϯϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϬ ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϨϱϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϡϬϡϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϯϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ςϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ, ϨϡЀϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϫϡϫ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϣ ϬϴϸϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϰϯϲϣЀϺϦϮϯ (ϣ ϲϳϩϬϦ «ϰϯϲϯϢϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϸϡϪϮϩϫϯϣ») ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϫϡϫ ϯϵϯϱϭϩϳϽ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϥϩϰϬϯϭϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ, Ϯϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϤϥϦ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ, ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ, ϯϢϯϢϺϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ, ϫϡϫ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. ωϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼϦ Ϯϡϭϩ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϫϱϼϳϽ ϣϲϦ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϣϲϦϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭ ϩ ϷϦϬЀϭ. ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳ. «ύϼ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϴϣϡϧϡϳϽ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϰϱϯϢϴϦϭ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ϔϩϬϽЀϭ ϕϦϥϦϱ12. ω ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϨϡϮЀϣ ϳϴ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϿ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϬ ϣϡϹ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϫ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϣϡϲ, ϣϼ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩ ϳЀϧϫϩϪ Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϴϥ – ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ (ϩ ϰϱϩϳϯϭ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ) ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ, ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ Ϯϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϩϲϡϬ υϧϯϮ Ϙϡϵϵϩ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϱϡϦϴϤϯϬϽϮϼϭ ϫϡϭϮϦϭ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϸϦϱϳϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϡ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϴϱϲϡ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϣϥϯ϶ϮϯϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶ ϯϰϼϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽ13. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯ ϮϡϬϡϥϩϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϴ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ, ϫϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ ϞϥϲϤϦϱ υϦϪϫϲϳϱϡ, «ϴϤϬϴϢϩϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ» ϩ «ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϸϦϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ»14. 12 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϗϩϳϡϳϼ ϔϩϬϽЀϭϡ ϕϦϥϦϱϡ // <https://citaty.su/citaty-uilyama-federa>. Chaffee J. Thinking Critically [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ]. – Stamford (Connecticut, USA): Cengage Learning, 2015. – xx; 589 p. – P. xv. 14 υϦϪϫϲϳϱϡ Ϟ.σ. ϒϭϩϱϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϲϳ // όϦϫϷϩϩ ϬϡϴϱϦϡϳϯϣ ϰϱϦϭϩϩ ϓϽϿϱϩϮϤϡ Ϩϡ ϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϥϣϡϥϷϡϳϽ ϬϦϳ: 1966–1985: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ.; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ύ. ςϡЀϫϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1993. – 560 ϲ. – ϒ. 30–47. – ϒ. 46. 13 14 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϑϩϲ. ρ. ϒϯϣϡ – ϲϩϭϣϯϬ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ15. ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϹϡϤ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ωϯϡϮϮ ϒϯϬϲϢϦϱϩϪϲϫϩϪ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϳϱϴϥϦ «ύϦϳϡϬϯϤϩϫ»: «φϲϳϽ ϳϱϩ ϣϦϺϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϮϴϹϡϿϳ ϭϮϦ ϲϳϱϡ϶ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϥϬЀ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϩ϶ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϰϡϲϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϯϩϮϲϳϣϡ. Ϟϳϯ – ϮϦϣϦϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϩϲϳϩϮϼ, ϬϯϧϽ ϰϯ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϮϦϥϯϭϼϲϬϩϿ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭϦϱϮϯϦ ϣϼϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ»16… ϑϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ (ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ) – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϣϼϣϯϥϮϯϤϯ (ϩϮϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ) ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ17. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϩϳϽ («ϳϯϮϫϯϪ ϫϱϡϲϮϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϦϪ» – ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϸЂϳϫϩϭ ϱϡϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦϭ) ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – ϮϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ϶, ϩ ϱϦϥϫϩϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼ ϲϴϭϦϦϭ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϽ ϢϦϨ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϰϯϲϣЀϺЂϮ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭ. 15 ϑϩϲϴϮϯϫ ϐϯϮϫϩϮϯϪ ύϡϱϩϩ ωϤϯϱϦϣϮϼ, 7 ϬϦϳ. ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϯϬϯϤϩϩ. – 2023. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 133. 16 The Metalogicon of John of Salisbury: A Twelfth-Century Defense of the Verbal and Logical Arts of the Trivium [ύϦϳϡϬϯϤϩϫ ωϯϡϮϮϡ ϒϯϬϲϢϦϱϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ…] (Reprint ed.) / Translated with an Introduction & Notes: Daniel D. McGarry. – Gloucester (Mass.): Peter Smith, 1971. – xxvii; 305 p. – P. 7. 17 Nickerson R.S. Inference: deductive and inductive [σϼϣϯϥ: ϥϦϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϩ ϩϮϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ] // Encyclopedia of research design / Edited by Neil J. Salkind. 3 Vols. – Thousand Oaks (California, USA): SAGE, 2010. – xxxi; 1595 p. – P. 593–596. – P. 593. 15 ώϯ Ϯϡϥϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶18. ω ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϰϯϭϦϹϡϦϳ ϯϢϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ϐϯ υϧϯϱϥϧϴ (υϽЂϱϥϿ) ϐϯϪϦ, «ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ – ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ, ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϦ ϰϬϡϣϡϮϩϿ, ϫϡϳϡϮϩϿ Ϯϡ Ϭϼϧϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϤϱϦ Ϯϡ ϵϯϱϳϦϰϩϡϮϯ; ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ Ϧϭϴ ϭϯϧϮϯ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϥϱϡϧϡЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϡϭ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴЀϲϽ»19. ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ υϴϤϬϡϲ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ, «ϯϰϼϳ, ϲϡϭ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϱϡ϶ϯϣϫϯϪ ϯϳ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϬϯϣϴϹϦϫ, ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ. υϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϼ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϿϳ ϣ Ͼϳϩ ϬϯϣϴϹϫϩ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϴϲϴϤϴϢϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ, – ϫϡϫ ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϭϮϦϮϩϩ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶»20. ϏϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϴϧϦ Ϯϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ – ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ), ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ ϩ ϭϯϺϮϼϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϪ, ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ – ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϪ ϭáϫϲϩϭϯϪ ύ.σ. όϯϭϯϮϯϲϯϣϡ: «ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϴ ϴϧϦ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϴϭ ϣ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ». ϐϯ τϡϮϲϴ ϒϦϬϽϦ, ϷϦϮϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϥϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦϭ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϣϩϥϩϭϼ϶ ϩϭ ϣϦϺϦϪ21. ρ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ (ϰϱϩϸЂϭ Ϯϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ) ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϼϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϰϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϴϭϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϲϴϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϴ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯ, ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯ18 ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ρ.ϓ. ύϡϱϽЀϮϯϣϩϸ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϩϲϫϡϳϦϬЀ ϴϸЂϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, «ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϱϡϨϣϦ ϸϳϯ ϲϯϱϯϫϡϬϦϳϮϩϦ ϲϯϩϲϫϡϳϦϬϩ – ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϼ-ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ – ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϴϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϬϿϢϩϭϼϭ ϥϦϬϯϭ) ϣ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϩϣϹϩϦ ϫϡϮϥϩϥϡϳϲϫϴϿ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϿ. ϏϮϩ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ϓϦϭϡ ϩ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϼ ϩ϶ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϪ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ЀϲϮϼ». (ύϡϱϽЀϮϯϣϩϸ ρ.ϓ. ϞϱϱϡϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϦϰϱϩЀϳϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ. ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: σϴϨϯϣϲϫϡЀ ϫϮϩϤϡ, 1999. – 164 ϲ. – ϒ. 13). ώϯ ϩ ϳϡϫϩϭ «ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϭ» ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϮϦ ϰϯϣϱϦϥϩϳ ϦϺЂ ϱϡϨ ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ. 19 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 13. 20 MacEachin D. Foreword [ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ] // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. x. 21 ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 103. 16 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ, ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ, ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϫϱϼϳϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϹϩϦ, ϲϣЀϨϩ ϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ, ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϮϡϴϫϦ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϮϡϥϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϴϧϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϼ) ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϤϥϦ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϣ ϩϲϫϡϧЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩ϶ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩϪ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ «ϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϳ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϯϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ»22, ϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϦ «ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϤϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϩ», ϮϦ «ϯϢϭϡϮϼϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϰϬϡϤϩϡϳ», ϮϦ «ϢϼϳϽ ϣ ϳϱϦϮϥϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϼ», ϮϦ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϽ (ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ, Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϦϱϫϴ – ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϭϮϩϭϴϿ), ϡ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ, ϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴЀ ϫϡϫ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ. ϔϸϩϳϽ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ23. ω ϴϸϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ «ϣ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ» – ϮϦ ϰϯϸϩϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ Ϭϡϣϱϡ϶, ϮϦ ϲϳϯЀϳϽ ϩ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, «ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϫϱϡϲϫϡ ϲϯ϶ϮϦϳ», ϡ ϥϣϩϤϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ύ.σ. σϯϬϽϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮϴ, «ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϫϱϡϳϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϬϩ ϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϩЀ, ϤϱϡϮϩϷϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ. ϑϡϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϨϥϮϯ Ͼϳϩ ϲϳϦϮϼ ϱϴϹϡϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ. σϱЀϥ Ϭϩ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ – ϲϩϥϦϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϲϳϦϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϬЂϨϼ ϰϯ ϰϯϣϯϥϴ ϦЂ ϮϦϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ϔϸЂϮϼϪ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϲϳϦϮϴ ϹϳϴϱϭϯϣϡϳϽ»24. 22 ύϡϱϽЀϮϯϣϩϸ ρ.ϓ. ϞϱϱϡϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϦϰϱϩЀϳϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ. ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: σϴϨϯϣϲϫϡЀ ϫϮϩϤϡ, 1999. – 164 ϲ. – ϒ. 12. 23 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υ.ϐ. τϯϱϲϫϯϭϴ, «ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ, ϥϣϴ϶ ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϭϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡϭϩ ϩϨ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ» (τϯϱϲϫϩϪ υ.ϐ. όϯϤϩϫϡ. – ύ., 1963. – ϒ. 144– 145). 24 σϯϬϽϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮ ύ.σ. ϐϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϫϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1972. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 89. 17 ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϣϦϱϮϯ ϯϳϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶25 ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ (ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ – ϣ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϥϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ), ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ («ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϼ϶ ϰϴϳϦϪ ϫ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϴ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ»26) Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ, ϴϸϩϳϽ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ, ϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϢϯ, ϰϯ ϒϴϮϽ-ϗϨϼ, «ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ ϢϦϨ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ ϰϯϢϦϥϦ. ϓϡϫϳϩϫϡ ϢϦϨ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϴϦϳϡ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϰϯϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ»27. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ, ϫϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϔϩϬϽЀϭ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥϲ υϦϭϩϮϤ, «ϢϦϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϼ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϩϮ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϭϮϦϮϩϦϭ»28, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϲ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϫϯϪ, ϲ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϩ϶, ϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ29 ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱϼ, ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ, ϾϣϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϤϯ, ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ, ϦϥϩϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϾϫϯϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶30. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϯϳϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϳ ϭϴϲϯϱϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. 25 ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ – ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϴ ϸϦϤϯϬϩϢϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀϭ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ (ϰϱϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ). 26 ϒϴϮϽ-ϷϨϼ, τϡϬϩϡϱϥϩ τ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. – ϒϐϢ.: ώϦϣϡ, 2003. – 160 ϲ. – ϒ. 71. 27 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: όϴϸϹϩϦ ϡϵϯϱϩϨϭϼ ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ. ϕϯϱϭϴϬϡ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ / ϒϯϲϳ. ρ.ϐ. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣ. – ύ.: ϑϩϰϯϬ ϋϬϡϲϲϩϫ, 2010. – 640 ϲ. – ϒ. 509. 28 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: W. Edwards Deming quotes [ϗϩϳϡϳϼ ϔϩϬϽЀϭϡ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥϲϡ υϦϭϩϮϤϡ] // <https://blog.deming.org/w-edwards-deming-quotes/>. 29 ϐϯϩϲϫ – ϱϡϢϯϳϡ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ, ϩ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶, ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ϶ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ (ϋϣϦϪϥ Ϟ. ϏϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 437). 30 ϓϦϱϭϩϮ «ϾϫϯϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶» ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ЀϨϼϫϡϭ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϡϫϦϳϡϭ, ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϡϭ, ϯϢϬϡϸϮϼϭ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϦϱϣϩϲϡϭ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϱϡϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϥϬЀ ϲϢϯϱϡ, ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. υϣϦ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ. ϒϳϡϬϯ ϢϼϳϽ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϾϫϯϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (A Beginner’s Guide to Data & Analytics [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ] / Harvard Business School Online // <https://info.email.online.hbs.edu/data-analytics-ebook>). 18 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ώϦϯϰϼϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϩ ϰϯϣϲϦϭϦϲϳϮϡЀ ϮϦ϶ϣϡϳϫϡ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭϩ «ϰϬϯ϶ϯϪ ϤϩϤϩϦϮϼ» (ϳϯϫϲϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, – ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ύϦϬϩϮϥϡ ϕϱϩϳ϶ϯϵ υϾϣϩϲ31. ϏϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϦ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭϴ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ – ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ, ϣϡϧϮϯ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ. ώϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭϴ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ ϣ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϮϡϴϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϱϦϥϫϯϲϳϽ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮЂϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϲ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϭϩ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀϭϩ. ϏϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϦ ϣϬϡϥϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ (ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ). «φϲϬϩ ϭϮϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϴϥϡϲϳϲЀ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϳϦ ϨϡϺϩϺϡϦϭϼ϶ ϭϮϯϿ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϳϯ Ѐ, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϥϡϭ ϩϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϯϨϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϭϮϦ. ϏϥϮϯϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϯϪ ϭϮϯϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ω.ω. ύϦϸϮϩϫϯϣ32. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭϴ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϡϮϮϯϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϦ. σϦϲϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ, ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϬЀϷϩϩ, ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϫϡϥϱϯϣ. ώϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ. ώϡϬϩϸϩϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϨϡϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀ, ϰϯϧϡϬϴϪ, ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϣ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ ϩ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϡ϶, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ, ϩϢϯ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ύϡϫϲϡ σϦϢϦϱϡ, «Ϯϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϶ϯϸϦϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϬϩ ϭϡϬϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϼϲϫϯϸϫϩ»33. ω, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϰϯ ϑϡϲϲϦϬϴ ρϫϯϵϵϴ, «ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϺϩϪ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽ ϮϦ ϲϩϥϩϳ “ϴ ϭϯϱЀ, ϯϧϩϥϡЀ ϰϯϤϯϥϼ” – ϯϮ ϲϡϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϶ϯϨЀϩϮϯϭ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ»34. ςϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϳ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϳ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ ϩ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ ϰϯϥ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϴϤϬϡϭϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩЀ϶. 31 Fritchoff Davis M. Data cleaning [Ϗϸϩϲϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // Encyclopedia of research design / Edited by Neil J. Salkind. 3 Vols. – Thousand Oaks (California, USA): SAGE, 2010. – xxxi; 1595 p. – P. 325–328. – P. 328. 32 ύϦϸϮϩϫϯϣ ω.ω. ώϦϣϯϲϰϱϩϩϭϸϩϣϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϩϮϵϦϫϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϢϯϬϦϨϮЀ϶. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ. – ύ.: όϩϢϱϯϫϯϭ, 2012. – 712 ϲ. – ϒ. 24. 33 Weber M. Gesammelte Politische Schriften [ϒϢϯϱϮϩϫ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ]. – Stuttgart: UTB, 1988. – S. 312. 34 ρϫϯϵϵ ϑ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.τ. ϋϯϣϡϬϦϮϫϯ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. φ.ϋ. ύϡϲϬϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1982. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 19 «ύϦϧϥϴ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϯϢ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϭ Ϯϡϲ ϭϩϱϦ ϬϦϧϩϳ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϼ ϣϼϥϡϣϡϳϽ Ϩϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ. ϒϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ ϰϱϩϣϦϱϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ͼϳϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭ ϲϫϯϣϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϡϹϩ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ. ύϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϳ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϪ ϩ ϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϭϩϱ ϰϯ-Ϯϯϣϯϭϴ; ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϯϲϳ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ϑϯϮϡϬϽϥ υϾϣϩϥ όϾϪϮϤ35. ώϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼϱϡϺϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ. ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ36 ϲϯϨϥϡϮϯ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϬϦϳϮϦϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ρϣϳϯϱ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϯϣ ϬϦϳ ϯϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϬ (ϰϱϩ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ) ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϕϱϡϮϷϩϩ, ϋϩϳϡЀ, ωϲϰϡϮϩϩ, ωϳϡϬϩϩ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϳϯϤϯ, Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ ϯϮϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϳ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϰϱϩϹϦϥϹϩ϶ ϭϯϬϯϥϼ϶ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ, ϫϡϫϯϣϼ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ «ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϭϯϨϤϯϣ», ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϥϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϣϲϦϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ Ϯϡϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ Ϯϡ ϯϳϫϬϩϫ ϯϳ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϯϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϲϡϭϯϮϡϥϦЀϮϮϯ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϭϯϤϬϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϥϣϴ϶ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϬϩϲϽ ϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϦϥϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϸϬϦϮϯϣ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϦϳϯϣ – ϳϡϫ ϧϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϳ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϡϭϩ, ϫϡϫ ϴϸϡϳ ϩ϶, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ – ϰϯ ϫϡϫϩϭ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩЀϭ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ. ω ϣϲЀ Ͼϳϡ ϰϱϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ, ϥϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϸϮϼϭ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϦϳϡ϶ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϦϳϡ϶, 35 Laing R.D. The Politics of the Family and Other Essays [ϒϦϭϦϪϮϡЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϯϸϦϱϫϩ]. – New York: Vintage Books, 1972. ϐϦϱϦϣϯϥ Ϸϩϳ. ϰϯ: ρϫϯϵϵ ϑ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.τ. ϋϯϣϡϬϦϮϫϯ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. φ.ϋ. ύϡϲϬϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1982. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 7. 36 ϓϦϫϲϳ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϳϯϭϡ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ, ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ (ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ ϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ), ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϬϩ (ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ) ϳϦϫϲϳϼ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϡ϶ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ϶: «ρϥϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡϳϯϱ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ»; «σϦϳϦϱϡϮϲϫϩϦ ϣϦϲϳϩ»; «σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϯϬϯϤϩϩ»; «International Journal of Open Information Technologies»; «ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ώϩϧϦϤϯϱϯϥϲϫϯϪ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ ύσυ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ»; «τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϲϬϴϧϢϡ»; «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϲϬϴϧϢϦ ϏϳϦϸϦϲϳϣϴ» (ϑϴϲϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϹϫϯϬϼ) ϩ ϥϱ. σ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϴϿ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϩ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ. 20 σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϭ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϣϬϩЀϬϡ Ϯϡ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϯϤϯ (ϴϧϦ ϣ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϭ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϩ) ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶, ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϦ, ϢϼϬϩ ϡϰϱϯϢϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ Ϩϡ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ (ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϬϿϥϦϪ). ωϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϼ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ (ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϲϲϼϬϯϫ, ϤϥϦ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϼ; Ϩϡ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϩϮϯϦ). σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϲϮϯϲϯϫ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϦ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϩ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϥϡϸϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϡЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ϸϩϳϡϳ, ϯϳϲϼϬϯϫ ϩ ϴϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϪ37. Ϟϳϯ – ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϡ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϦϲϬϩ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϿ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϱϡϣϩϳϲЀ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϯϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϴϧϦ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϭϯϺϮϼϭ «ϲϲϼϬϯϸϮϼϭ ϶ϡϢϯϭ», ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϳϦϸϮϼϭ ϫϡϳϡϬϯϤϯϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϿ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϴϰ ϫ ϩϮϼϭ (ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ) ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀϭ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϯϣϦϥϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϴ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ Ϥϱϴϰϰ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮЀϳϲЀ, ϡϣϳϯϱ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϳϥϡЂϳ ϲϦϢϦ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϰϯ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϯϭϴ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϴ. ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϬϲЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϩ, ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϴϧϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ. όϿϢϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ (ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ), ϰϯϧϡϬϴϪ, ϲϭϯϧϦϳ Ϯϡ 100 % ϢϼϳϽ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЂϮ ϳϦϭ ϬϩϹϽ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϯϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϡϰϩϹϦϳ ϲϡϭ (ϩ ϳϯ – ϮϦ ϵϡϫϳ). σϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ (ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ) ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦϥϯϥϦϬϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϡ ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϦϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϡЀ ϱϡϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϡ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϣ («ϮϦ ϳϴϥϡ ϴϹϬϩ», «Ϯϡϥϯ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ ϮϦ Ͼϳϯ»), ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ – ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϡЀ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϸ. ωϨ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩϪ ϩ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϡϢϱϡϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϯϳϮϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ 37 ϒϭ. ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϹϦϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ [ϑϦϥϽϫϩϮϡ] ρ.ω. ϗϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. – ύ.: ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2019. – 86 ϲ. – ϒ. 40–41. 21 ϭϼ ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϬϩ (ϩ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϫϱϯϦϭ) ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϦ. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϳϼϺϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «ρ ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϮϦϳ…?» ϐϯϧϡϬϴϪ, ϳϴϳ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. φϲϬϩ ϴϤϯϥϮϯ, ϭϼ ϥϦϬϡϬϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϡ ϳϯϭϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϯϣ, ϰϯϥ ϲϣϯϩ ϷϦϬϩ, Ϯϯ ϢϴϥϦϭ ϩϲϫϱϦϮϮϦ ϱϡϥϼ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϡϹ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϰϱϩϤϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϫϡϭ. ϋϡϧϥϯϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ (ϩ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϦ – ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ) ϯϳϱϡϧϡϬϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϬϩϸϮϴϿ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩϿ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϦ ϳϱϩ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϣϼϹϬϯ ϲϴϭϭϡϱϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϩϪ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϥϩϣϹϩ϶ (ϰϱϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϲ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϯϫ) ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϫ ϮϦϭϴ ϲϯ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ. σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϦ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϯϹЂϬ ϯϳ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ, ϮϦ ϥϡϣϡЀ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϢϬϯϫϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϫ ϳϦϭϡϭ (ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϣϹϩϪϲЀ ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ϶ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϥϬЀ ϲϡϭϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ) ϩ ϲϰϩϲϫϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ (ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϣϹϩϪϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ϶ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϮϯϲϫϡ϶ ϰϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ). Ϙϳϯ ϫϡϲϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. ϋϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ χϡϮ-ύϩϹϦϬϽ τϩϥϡϬϽЀ, ϰϱϩЀϳϮϯ ϣϦϱϩϳϽ ϣ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϫϴϿ-ϬϩϢϯ Ϯϡϴϫϴ [ϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] ϭϯϧϮϯ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ, Ϯϯ, ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϯϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϳϦϯϱϩϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϪ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ38. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯ-ϾϳϡϬϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ. ρϣϳϯϱ ϲϥϦϬϡϬ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϧϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϱϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ. ρϣϳϯϱ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϴϿ ϩϲϫϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ρ.ϒ. ϓϩϳϯϣϴ, ρ.φ. ϋϡϳϫϯϣϴ, σ.ς. ςϡϳϴϱϯϣϴ, τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣϴ, ύ.ώ. ϋϴϨϮϦϷϯϣϴ, ϯϫϡϨϡϣϹϩϭ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ. ρϣϳϯϱ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϴϿ ϩϲϫϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϩϨ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϯϣ, ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϡ϶ 2 ϩ 9. ρϣϳϯϱ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϩϲϫϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϴϿ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϲϦϭ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϯϳϫϬϩϫϡϬϲЀ ϩ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϩϱϯϣϡϬ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡ (ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ϶), ϫϳϯ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϴ. 38 Ghidaglia J.-M. 50 problèmes d’analyse [50 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ]. – Paris: Dunod, 2008. – viii; 223 p. – P. vii. 22 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? § 1.3. όϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 1.4. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 1.7. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 1.8. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϡЀ ϤϬϡϣϡ ϰϯϲϣЀϺϦϮϡ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϲϴϳϩ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique appliquée»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica aplicada»; ϩϳϡϬ. – «analitica applicata»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «practical analytics»). ϐϦϱϦϵϱϡϨϩϱϴЀ ϲϬϯϣϡ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ ϐϬϾϳϳϡ39, ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϮϯϤϯ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϦЂ ϮϦ ϬϿϢϩϳϦ. ωϮϣϦϲϳϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϮϼϦ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϴϳ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϭϩϱϦ40. ω Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϮϯ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϑϦϡϮ ωϥϧϦϨ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϮϦϰϯϮЀϳϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϩϲϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϯϣϯϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀϹϮϩϪ ϥϦϮϽ»41. ώϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ (ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ) ϰϯ ϭϮϯϤϩϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩЀ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϡϬϯ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϡϬϯ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. 39 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 318. 40 Defining and Measuring Analytics Value [ϏϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // <https://cires.org.au/project/defining-and-measuring-analytics-value/>. 41 Ijaz R. Diving into Understanding Analytics [ϐϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // <https://www.smartdatacollective.com/diving-into-understanding-analytics/>. – 11.03.2020. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 23 ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϡ, «ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ, ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϢϯϱϯϮϦ, ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ – ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϣϦϥϴϺϩ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϯ ϥϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ… ωϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϡϮϤϡϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ… ϕϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϦ ϣϦϥЂϳϲЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ»42. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϡ, ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦϣϦϬϩϫϯ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯoϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦϭ43. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» (ϯϳ ϥϱ.-ϤϱϦϸ. «ͯͣͭ͞ͷͶͫͬ͞» – ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ), ϩϲϳϯϫϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϣϯϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϫ ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϿ44, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϦЂ ϸϡϲϳϩ) ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϪ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϯϣ, ϿϱϩϲϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϣ), ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϯϣ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϤϦϯϬϯϤϯϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϲϦϪϲϭϯϬϯϤϯϣ, ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϯϣ, ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϯϣ, ϵϩϨϩϫϯϣ, ϶ϩϭϩϫϯϣ, ϢϩϯϵϩϨϩϫϯϣ ϩ Ϣϩϯ϶ϩϭϩϫϯϣ, IT-ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. ϐϯ ρ.ς. ϋϴϱϬϯϣϴ ϩ σ.ϋ. ϐϦϳϱϯϣϴ, «ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϦϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϱϲϦϮϡϬϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ»45. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭϡЀ (ϣ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϫϡϫ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϲϣЀϨϴϿϺϦϪ ϮϩϳϽϿ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϯϭ (ϲϢϯϱϯϭ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϑЀϥ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϴϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϴ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ (Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ)46. 42 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ // τϱϡϧϥϡϮϩϮ. σϼϢϯϱϼ. σϬϡϲϳϽ. – 2018. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 116–135. – ϒ. 116, 119. 43 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 19–20. 44 ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϦϱϣϡЀ ϩ ϣϳϯϱϡЀ. – ύ.: τϯϲϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϥϡϳ, 1952. – 489 ϲ. 45 ϋϴϱϬϯϣ ρ.ς., ϐϦϳϱϯϣ σ.ϋ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2014. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 14. 46 υϡϮϷϦϱ ϋ., ϓϡϮ Ϟ., ύϯϬϽ϶ υ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϨϯϱ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϮϦϭ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ρ. ϋϬЀϸϫϯ. – ύ.: ϖϩϭϩЀ, 1981. – 280 ϲ. – ϒ. 13. Danzer K., Than E., Molch D. Analytik: Systematischer Überblick [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϨϯϱ]. – Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig ϋ.-G., 1976. 24 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϲϳϡϬϯ «ϨϡϦϨϧϦϮϮϼϭ» (ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ – «ϨϡϭϼϬϦϮϮϼϭ», «ϣϼϹϦϥϹϩϭ ϣ ϳϩϱϡϧ»). Ϟϳϩϭ ϲϬϯϣϯϭ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ (ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ «ϥϴϭϡϳϦϬЀ», «ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬЀϳϦϬЀ», ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϡ) ϩ ϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϢϦϨϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϿ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣ ϫϯϱϮϦ ϮϦ ϣϦϱϮϯ. ώϯ ϱϦϥϫϩϪ ϢϬϯϤϦϱ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϲϡϭϯϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϮϦ ϲϡϭϯϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϥϡϣϡЀ ϲϣϯϩ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ϐϯϬϡ ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥϡ, «ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϤϱϦϭϴϹϫϩ»47 (ϣ ϬϴϸϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ) Ϩϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ. ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ, ϣϼϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ Ϩϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϣϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϦ ϲ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϯϪ, ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϤϥϡ-ϳϯ ώϩϮϯϪ ϑϩϸϸϩ: «ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϷϦϮϩϳϲЀ ϣϼϹϦ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϣϡϤϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ», ϩ ϴϰϱЀϭϯ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϥϴϿϳ Ϯϡ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϦ. σ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ (Ϩϡ ϲϡϭϼϭϩ ϱϦϥϫϩϭϩ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀϭϩ48, Ϯϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ) ϣϮЀϳϮϼ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ. ϒϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ ϴϲϴϤϴϢϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϣϦϱϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϦϳ ςϩϬϬ ϕϱϾϮϫϲ, ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϫϴϲϳϡϱϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ, ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϲ ϯϲϳϯϱϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ»49, ϸϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϳ ϲϬϯϣϡ υ.ω. υϦϥϯϣϡ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ «ϣϦϬϩϫϡ ϰϱϯϰϡϲϳϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϩ ϩϥϴϺϩϭϩ Ϩϡ ϮϦϪ ϮϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϫϡϫ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϯϳϯϱϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ»50. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ, ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ. 47 ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥ ϐ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1986. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 68. 48 ώϡ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭ: ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ., ϋϯϮϯϳϯϰϯϣ ϐ.ϟ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. – ύ.: ϑϔϒρϋω, 2004. – 512 ϲ. ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ). ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύτϏϔ, 2009. – 292 ϲ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. – ύ.: Litres, 2017. ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ // τϱϡϧϥϡϮϩϮ. σϼϢϯϱϼ. σϬϡϲϳϽ. – 2018. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 116–135. ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώωϔ σϙϞ, 2011. – 258 ϲ. 49 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϑϦϣϯϬϿϷϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ: ϋϡϫ ϣ Ͼϰϯ϶ϴ Big Data ϴϬϴϸϹϩϳϽ ϣϡϹ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2017. – 316 ϲ. – ϒ. 23. 50 υϦϥϯϣ υ.ω. ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ: ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ. – ύ.: σϯϬϳϦϱϲ ϋϬϴϣϦϱ, 2008. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 25 ώϦϬϽϨЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϮϡϥϯϢϩϳϲЀ «“ϯϸϩϺϦϮϩϦ ϯϰϼϳϡ”, ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϫϱϼϳϯ ϰϯϥ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϬϯϪϮϼϭϩ ϮϡϰϬϡϲϳϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ»51. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ Ͼϳϩϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϥϩϫϳϴϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭϩ (ϨϡϺϩϳϼ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϰϱϦϫϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϴϢϯϤϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϦϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), Ϯϯ ϩ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϫ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϰϦϱϦϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϩϹϦϥϹϩ϶ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϬϯϥϼ϶ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ, ϫϯϩ϶ ϣ ϩ϶ ϣϴϨϡ϶, ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϡϴϸϩϬϩ ϶ϯϳϽ ϸϴϳϽ-ϸϴϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ, Ϯϯ Ϯϩ ϯ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϩ϶ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ (ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼ϶) ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϱϦϸϩ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ. ώϼϮϦ, ϫϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣ, ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ – ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ, ϣ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ52 ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϿϳ ϥϯ϶ϯϥ ϩϨ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϩ ϬϿϥϩ ϣ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϾϬϩϳϼ53. ϋ ϲϬϯϣϴ, ϣ 2018 Ϥϯϥϴ ϥϬЀ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϢϼϬ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ «ςϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ»54, ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϱϴϥϯϣϯϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϣϮЀϳϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ). σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ» ϮϦ Ϯϯϣϡ ϩ ϣ϶ϯϥϩϬϡ (϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϣ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϪ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϦϺЂ ϣ ϋϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϧϡϺϩ϶ ϯϳ 1998 Ϥϯϥϡ55. ϓϯϤϥϡ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϴ. 51 ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤ ω.ω. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ // ςϦϱϤϲϯϮ ρ. ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. σ. ϕϬϦϱϯϣϯϪ; ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ω.ω. ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ϓϦϱϱϡ-ϋϮϩϧϮϼϪ ϫϬϴϢ; ϋϡϮϯϮ-ϰϱϦϲϲϗ, 2001. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 6. 52 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώωϔ σϙϞ, 2011. – 258 ϲ. – ϒ. 3. 53 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ., ϋϯϮϯϳϯϰϯϣ ϐ.ϟ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. – ύ.: ϑϔϒρϋω, 2004. – 512 ϲ. – ϒ. 15. 54 ϐϱϩϫϡϨ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 25.09.2018 ࠪ 592Ϯ «ϏϢ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ “ςϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ”» / ψϡϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϣ ύϩϮϿϲϳϦ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ 11.10.2018 ࠪ 52408 // ϏϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ-ϰϯϱϳϡϬ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ <http://www.pravo.gov.ru>. – 12.10.2018. σ ϱϦϥ. ϯϳ 14.12.2018 – ϒϐϒ «ϋϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳ ϐϬϿϲ». 55 ϋϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϧϡϺϩ϶ / ϔϳϣ. ϐϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 21.08.1998 ࠪ 37. σ ϱϦϥ. ϯϳ 27.03.2018 – ϒϐϒ «ϋϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳ ϐϬϿϲ». 26 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϱϴϸϩϳϽ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴ56 ϩ ϮϦϪϱϯϲϦϳЀϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ςϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϸϩϲϬϡ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ (ϸϦϱϦϨ ωϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ ϩ ωϮϳϱϡϮϦϳϼ) ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϱϯϲϳ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϣϼϥϣϩϤϡϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ (smart-) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ ϩ, ϣ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭ ϲϸЂϳϦ, ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϪ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϨ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϣ Ϯϩ϶. ϒϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϿϳ ϮϯϣϴϿ Ͼϱϴ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϡ. ϒ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ, ϨϡϹϴϭϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϰϴϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϣϰϬϦϳϦϮϼ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϣ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϯϭ57. 2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ: ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϐϯ σ.Ϗ. σϯϬϫϯϣϯϪ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϣϼϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩϨ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϭϩϱϡ, ЀϣϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦЀϣϮϼ϶, ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϬϯϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϯϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯ Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ. ψϥϦϲϽ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϣϯϬЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϭ ϢϬϯϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϣϲϳϴϰϡЀ ϲ Ϯϩϭ ϣ ϥϩϡϬϯϤ. σ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϮϦЀϣϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϳ ϥϣϡ ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϡ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϷϦϮ: ϭϼϲϬϽ, ϤϥϦ ϴϧϦ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϣϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ (ϰϱϦϥϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϦ, ϰϦϱϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϦ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ) ϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ – ϩϳϯϤ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, 56 ϒϭ.: ύϯϱ϶ϡϳ ϐ.ύ. ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ / ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ω.ρ. ςϬϩϨϮϦϷϡ ϩ ω.σ. ϐϯϮϫϩϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.σ. ϐϯϮϫϩϮϡ / ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϡЀ Ϥϯϲ. ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. – ύ.: ϟϮϩϳϩ-υϡϮϡ, 2018. – 544 ϲ. ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ [ϑϦϥϽϫϩϮϡ] ρ.ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ ϥϱϴϧϢϼ Ϯϡϱϯϥϯϣ. ϒϦϱ. «ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ». – 2018. – ϓ. 22. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 91–109. 57 τϱϩϮϽϫϯ Ϗ.σ., ϋϴϰϱϩЀϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ϐ., ϐϯϫϴϲϡϦϣ Ϗ.ώ. ϩ ϥϱ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ φϣϱϯϰϦϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϒϯϿϨϡ ϫϡϫ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϯϳ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2018. – Vol. 6. – ࠪ 11. – ϒ. 65– 84. – ϒ. 66, 69, 74. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 27 ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϮϡϹϦ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϯϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯϥϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϿ»58. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϐϯϬϿ ϏϳϬϦ, ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ (ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ) ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ) ϣ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ Ϯϩ϶, Ϯϯ ϯϳϲϳϯЀϺϩ϶ ϯϳ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ, ϬϩϢϯ ϣ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ Ϧϭϴ ϢϼϬϩ ϰϱϯϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϼ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϣϦϺϦϪ59. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϩϭϦϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϩϥϡ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶, ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϮϦϿ, ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. «ϘϦϬϯϣϦϫϴ ϥϡϮϡ ϲϴϭϭϡ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϭϩϱϯϭ ϣϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϦϤϯ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϦ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ϟ. χϴϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ60. ϏϳϯϧϥϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϩ ϣϲϦϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϲϴϳϽ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ) ϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ (ϬϩϹϽ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϦЂ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ) ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϦϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ, ϸϡϲϳϮϼϪ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ, ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϵϯϱϭ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ώϯ ϮϦ ϣϲЀϫϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϡ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, – ϰϩϲϡϬ υϧϯϮ ϒϳϿϡϱϳ ύϩϬϬϽ, – ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ61. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϸϦϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ЀϨϼϫϯϭ. ώϯϣϼϦ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϳ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϐϯϬϡ ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥϡ, ϮϯϣϼϪ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ62. 58 σϯϬϫϯϣϡ σ.Ϗ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϵϡϫϳϯϱ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ώτϓϔ ϩϭ. ϑ.φ. ρϬϦϫϲϦϦϣϡ. ϒϦϱ.: «ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶. ϋϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ». – 2014. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 5–10. – ϒ. 5. 59 Otlet P. Traité de documentation: Le livre sur le livre: Théorie et pratique [ϓϱϡϫϳϡϳ ϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ: ϋϮϩϤϡ ϯ ϫϮϩϤϦ: ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ]. – Bruxelles: Editions Mundaneum, 1934. 60 χϴϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϟ. ϐϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ XVI ϣϦϫϡ. – ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ: ϓϩϰϯϤϱ. ρ. τϯϬϯϣϡϸϦϣϡ, 1866. – ϒ. 6. 61 ύϩϬϬϽ υ.ϒ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ ϲϩϬϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ: ωϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϩ ϰϱϩϬ. σ.ϋ. ϕϩϮϮϡ. ωϨϥ. 5-Ϧ, ϩϲϰϱ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: όφώρώυ, 2011. – 832 ϲ. – ϒ. 303. 62 ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥ ϐ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1986. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 216. 28 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ: ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϲϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϯ ϲϬϡϢϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ)63. σϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϳ ϦϤϯ ϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϣ, ϯϳ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϦϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ, ϯϳ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϯϳϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϯϳ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϯϰϬϡϳϼ ϳϱϴϥϡ ϩ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ, ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ. ώϯ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϩ «ϣϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ», ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϲ ϮϡϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ (ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϡϭϩ) ϮϡϩϳϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϦϤϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϡϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ. ωϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ64. υϡϥϩϭ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϩϲϳϡϣϫϩ «ϭϦϳϡ-». ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϒ. ϋϯϳϯϣϴ, «ϦϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ, ϳϯ ϭϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϦϫϯϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϯ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ, Ϯϡ ЀϨϼϫϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϩ ϰϯϥϸϩϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϦЂ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦϭ. ύϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϫϴϫϬϼ-ϭϡϱϩϯϮϦϳϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϴϫϬϯϣϯϥ; ϭϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϫϴϫϬϯϣϯϥϡ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ) ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀ ϫϴϫϯϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϡϳϱϡ. ώϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϸϩϮЂϮϮϯϤϯ. ϒ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϭϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϸϦϭϴ-ϬϩϢϯ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϭϴ-ϬϩϢϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϩ. σ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϡϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ»65. ρϮϱϩ ςϦϱϤϲϯϮ ϲϸϩϳϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϫϡϫ «ϲϣϦϱ϶ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ» ЀϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ, «ϰϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϺϴϿϲЀ ϱЀϥϯϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ, ϢϦϲϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϤϯ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϣϳϯϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ»66. 63 ωϯϲϩϥϡ ϋ. ϕϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ύ. σϯϬϯϲϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1967. – ϒ. 172. 64 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 65 ϋϯϳϯϣ ϒ. ύϦϳϡ-ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ // <http://www.men-c.com/def.flles/metasystem.htm>. 66 ςϦϱϤϲϯϮ ρ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϯϦ: ϒϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϧϩϨϮϽ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. – ύ.: ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϡЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ (ϑϏϒϒϐϞώ), 2010. – 399 ϲ. – ϒ. 99, 132, 100. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 29 4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϷϦϮϳϱϴ Gartner Research, «ϳϦϱϭϩϮ “ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ” ϣϲЂ ϸϡϺϦ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϫϬϡϲϳϦϱϼ, ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ, ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼ»67. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ, ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϯϳϯϧϥϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ (ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϴ ϸϬϦϮϦϮϩЀ (ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ) ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ (ϮϦϥϦϬϩϭϼϦ, ϮϦϥϩϲϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ, ϣ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶), ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϴϿ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϣϮϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ68). ϖϯϳЀ Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ. σϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϩ ϢϦϨ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϭϦϱϳϣϡ. ϋϡϫ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ υϾϣϩϥ ϐϡϱϫ, «ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϯ ϩ ϸϡϺϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ. υϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϱϫϦϳϯϬϯϤϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ. ϖϯϳЀ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϯϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϥϼ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϲ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ… ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϤϯ: ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϬϯϲϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϧϦ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ (ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ) ϥϡϬϽϹϦ… ϑϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϤϬϯϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϷϦϰϯϸϫϦ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: “Ϙϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϥϡϬϽϹϦ?” Ϟϳϩ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϿϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϺϦϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϯϳϣϱϡϳЀϳ ϥϯϱϯϤϯϲϳϯЀϺϩϦ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϩϱϴϿϳ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ»69. 67 Analytics [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ] / Gartner IT Glossary // <https://www.gartner.com/itglossary/analytics/>. 68 ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ). ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύτϏϔ, 2009. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 7–8. 69 Park D. Analysis vs. Analytics: Past vs. Future [ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϰϱϯϹϬϯϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ] // <https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_ id=1332172>. – 28.08.2017. 30 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ: ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϦϮϴ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶) ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϣ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϦϫϳϯϱ ϩϨ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϼ70. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϮϦ ϯϳϯϱϣϡϳϽ ϯϳ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϯϳϸϡϲϳϩ ϲϬϦϰϡ ϢϦϨ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩϭϩ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳ ϮϡϴϫϦ (ϸϳϯ, ϣϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϥϮϯϢϯϫϩϪ ϩ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ Ϯϡ Ϯϡϴϫϴ). ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨ, ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, – Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. ω Ͼϳϯ – ϮϦϰϱϯϲϳϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ. ϒϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ, ϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼ71. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ – ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϭϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ. ώϯ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ (ϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ) ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϭ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϡ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϥϯϮϯϱϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ «ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϳϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϳϽ ϯϳ ϩϮϯϤϯ, ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϢϬϩϨϫϯϤϯ ϫ ϮϦϪ ϣϩϥϡ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϲϭϦϹϩϣϡϿϳ. υϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϱϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϩϥϼ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϦ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϦϳ: 1) Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϣϩϥϼ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ; 2) Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ – ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ, ϲϩϮϳϦϨϯϭ, ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ, ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϥϱ.; 3) ϴϸЂϮϼϦ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϢϬϩϨϫϩ ϰϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϭϩϱϯϣϯϨϨϱϦϮϩϿ, ϾϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ Ϯϯϱϭϡϭ, ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡϭ ϩ ϳϡϫ ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϴϸЂϮϯϭϴ ϲ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ – ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ; 4) ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϭϦϹϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϥϩϮ 70 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 91. 71 Bruce J.B., George R.Z. Intelligence Analysis. What Is It – and What Does It Take? [ϑϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ?] // Analyzing Intelligence: National Security Practitioners’ Perspectives [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: σϨϤϬЀϥ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ] / Editors: Roger Z. George and James B. Bruce. Second edition. – Washington (D.C., USA): Georgetown University Press, 2014. – 400 p. – P. 1– 23. – P. 2. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 31 ϣ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ: ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϦϹϡϳϽϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϩ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ; 5) Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϬϩϨϫϴϿ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϿ – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϡ϶, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ϶, ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϳϯϭϴ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϦ. σϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϮϡϴϫϯϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϩ϶ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϳϯϧϥϦϲϳϣϩϳϽ»72. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϦϨ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϭϦϱϳϣϡ, ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϲϩϭϴϬЀϫϱϯϭ73. ρ.ρ. ϒϣϦϸϩϮ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϸϦϭ ϹϩϱϦ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϩϳ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϣϲЂ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ [ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ]74, ϳϦϭ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϰϱϩϥЂϳ ϯϮϡ Ϯϡ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ. ϔϨϫϡЀ ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϡ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ, ϢϴϥϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϴϳϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϸϦϭ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ»75. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ, ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϮϡϢϩϱϡЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϥϬЀ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϥϩϵϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϡϳϯϱ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϪ) ϳϯϧϦ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϦϮ. ϗϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϩ, «ϤϱϯϹ ϷϦϮϡ ϬϿϢϼϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩЀϭ», ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, «ϦϲϬϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϮϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϿ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ», – ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ σ.σ. τϦϱϡϲϩϭϯϣ76, ϥϦϬϡЀ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϴ ϫ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ρ.ρ. ϒϣϦϸϩϮϡ: «ϏϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϴ ϣϯϪϮϼ… ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦϯϢϼϸϡϪϮϯ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ… υϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϣϯϪϮϼ Ϯϡϥϯ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϯϲϯϢϴϿ ϬϩϮϩϿ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ; ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϣϯϪϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϪ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϪ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϯϲϯϢϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϡ»77. 72 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ // τϱϡϧϥϡϮϩϮ. σϼϢϯϱϼ. σϬϡϲϳϽ. – 2018. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 116–135. – ϒ. 121–122. 73 ϒϭ.: Pathak H.K. Complex Analysis and Applications [ϋϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ]. – Singapore: Springer, 2019. – xxv; 928 p. 74 ψϥϦϲϽ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϣϡϥϱϡϳϮϼ϶ ϲϫϯϢϯϫ ϰϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϣϱϦϨϫϩ – ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. – ϐϱϩϭ ϡϣϳ. 75 ϒϣϦϸϩϮ ρ.ρ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ. – ύ.-ό.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, 1926. – 400 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 76 τϦϱϡϲϩϭϯϣ σ.σ. ϗϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϩ // σϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϫϴϱϽϦϱ. – 27.02.2013. – ࠪ 8. <https://www.vpk-news.ru/articles/14632>. 77 ϒϣϦϸϩϮ ρ.ρ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ. – ύ.-ό.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, 1926. – 400 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 32 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ρϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϩ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϭϦϱϡ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ – ϫϡϫ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϐϯ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϴ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ) – ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϿ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ»78; «ϯϲϯϢϼϪ ϣϩϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϲ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»79. ϋ. υϡϮϷϦϱ, Ϟ. ϓϡϮ ϩ υ. ύϯϬϽ϶ ϥϡϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ: «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϩ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϫϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϣϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϷϦϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ»80, ϰϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϫϱϦϯϬϩϨϴЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ (ϣ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ»), Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϼϪ, ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. ϐϯ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϴ ϩ ϐ.ϟ. ϋϯϮϯϳϯϰϯϣϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – «ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ, ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϡЀ ϳϱϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ: ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϯ-ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϥϬЀ ϦЂ ϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ… ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ, ϬϯϤϩϫϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. σ ϦЂ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϬϦϧϩϳ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ ϫϯϮϲϳϡϳϡϷϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ “ϯϰϦϱϦϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ”… ϋ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ: 1. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. 2. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϢϯϱϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϭϦϮЀϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. 3. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ. 78 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώωϔ σϙϞ, 2011. – 258 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 79 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ // τϱϡϧϥϡϮϩϮ. σϼϢϯϱϼ. σϬϡϲϳϽ. – 2018. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 116–135. – ϒ. 120. 80 υϡϮϷϦϱ ϋ., ϓϡϮ Ϟ., ύϯϬϽ϶ υ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϨϯϱ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϮϦϭ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ρ. ϋϬЀϸϫϯ. – ύ.: ϖϩϭϩЀ, 1981. – 280 ϲ. – ϒ. 13. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 33 4. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϼ ϦϤϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϡ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϷϩЀ. 5. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϳϴϱϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϯϣ. 6. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ (ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϳ.ϰ.), ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. 7. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϥϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ (ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ) ϥϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϩϬϩ ϬϩϷϡ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ)... ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϡЀ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ, ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϢϡϨϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»81. ϐϯ ρ.ς. ϋϴϱϬϯϣϴ ϩ σ.ϋ. ϐϦϳϱϯϣϴ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ϶, ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ ϲ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϡϷϩϦϪ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ, ϱϦϹϡϦϭϴϿ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϯϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϮϦϫϯϦϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϰϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϤϯ, ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϡЀ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϢϯϱ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϗϦϬϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨЀ϶ ϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ»82. 81 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ., ϋϯϮϯϳϯϰϯϣ ϐ.ϟ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. – ύ.: ϑϔϒρϋω, 2004. – 512 ϲ. – ϒ. 25, 26, 28. 82 ϋϴϱϬϯϣ ρ.ς., ϐϦϳϱϯϣ σ.ϋ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2014. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 358. 34 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 7. ρϣϳϯϱϲϫϡЀ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ (ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ) Ϯϡ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ (ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ), ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϦ (ϯϷϦϮϫϴ), ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ – ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϣϦϺϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ (ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ) ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽϿ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϣ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϯϪ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ (ϭϯϥϦϬϩ) ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. 8. σϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϪ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϯϪ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϪ (ϮϦ ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϰϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϴ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϩϬЀ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ83), ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϯϪ ϰϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ «ϲϣЂϱϳϫϦ». σϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϲϡϭϩϭ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϭ ϱϡϢϯϳ). σϡϱϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϣϩϥϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): 1) ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ ϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ, ϰϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϱЀϥ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϦϲϯϣϼϦ ϩ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ): – ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϦϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ («ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϿϺϡЀ», ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 83 ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼϪ ϲϳϩϬϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ: ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ // ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 289–293. <https://state-religion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. § 1.1. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ 35 – ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ84, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϩϲϹϦϥϹϦϤϯ (ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϣϹϦϤϯ), ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ; – ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ85, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϢϴϥϴϺϦϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϯϣ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ; – ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϡЀ (ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ86, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ; 2) ϰϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϭϴ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ (ϰϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϭ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭ): – ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ87; – ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ-ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ88; – ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ89; – ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ90; – ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ91; – ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ92; – ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ93; – ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 84 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 86 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 87 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 88 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: Analytics, Operations, and Strategic Decision Making in the Public Sector [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϲϦϫϳϯϱϦ] / Editors: Gerald William Evans, William E. Biles, Ki-Hwan G. Bae. – Hershey (PA, USA): IGI Global, 2019. – xxiv; 441 p. 89 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 90 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϦϮϴ, ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϲϣЀϨϴϿϺϩϭ ϨϣϦϮϯϭ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϯϣ) ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϳϥϦϬϯϭ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϡϭϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ). ω϶ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϩ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ (ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 86). 91 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 92 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 93 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: HR Analytics and Digital HR Practices: Digitalization post COVID-19 [HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϼϦ HR-ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ: ϗϩϵϱϯϣϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϲϬϦ COVID-19] / Editors: Subhra R. Mondal, Francesca Di Virgilio, Subhankar Das. – Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. – xxiv; 275 p. 85 36 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ94; – ϲϰϯϱϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ95; – ϳϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ96; – IT-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ (ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ97; – ϵϡϱϭϡϷϦϣϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϩ; – ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϥϱ.; 3) ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯϲϳϩ: – ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϡЀ (ϰϦϱϭϡϮϦϮϳϮϡЀ); – ϥϩϲϫϱϦϳϮϡЀ; – ϰϡϱϳϩϫϴϬЀϱϮϡЀ (ϱϡϨϯϣϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 4) ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ: – ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϡЀ (ϯϢϺϦ-ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ); – ϯϳϱϡϲϬϦϣϯ-ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ; – ϰϡϱϳϩϫϴϬЀϱϮϯ-ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ (ϰϯϥ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. 94 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 481. 95 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: Eager E.A., Erickson R.A. Football Analytics with Python & R: Learning Data Science Through the Lens of Sports [ϕϴϳϢϯϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲ Python ϩ R: ωϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϰϱϩϨϭϴ ϲϰϯϱϳϡ]. – Sebastopol (California, USA): O’Reilly Media, 2023. 96 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: Wood W. Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϩϤϩϩ]. – New York (USA): Oxford University Press, 2021. – vii; 329 p. 97 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? 37 § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϒϡϭϯϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ ϩ ϮϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϱϡϸ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ, Ͽϱϩϲϳ, ϰϱϯϣϩϨϯϱ (ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳ ϲ ϣϼϲϹϩϭ ϵϡϱϭϡϷϦϣϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ), ϿϣϦϬϩϱ, ϹϫϯϬϽϮϼϪ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϽ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱЀϦϭϼϦ (ϥϯϬϧϮϼϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱЀϦϭϼϭϩ) ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϱϯϫϡϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ, ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ. ϒ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ (ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϪ, ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϯϪ, ϰϱϯϣϩϨϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽ – Ͼϳϯ, ϯϰЀϳϽ ϧϦ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϵϯϱϭϡ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ (ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳϼ (ϲϡϭϯϴϸϫϩ), Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ). ρ ϣϯϳ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ» ϣϲЀ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϴϥϳϯ, ϩϲϸϦϨϡϦϳ. ω ϬϿϢϯϪ ϢϬϯϤϦϱ (ϥϡϧϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲ ϥϩϰϬϯϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϳϦ϶ϴϸϩϬϩϺϡ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϯ ϹϫϯϬϽϮϼϭ ϡϳϳϦϲϳϡϳϯϭ Ϩϡ ϰϬϦϸϡϭϩ), ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϳϯ ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϺϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϪ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ ϳϡϫϯϦ, «ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ» ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϼϲϹϦϪ ϰϱϯϢϼ. ω ϴϧϦ, ϣϱϯϥϦ ϫϡϫ, ϮϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϭϯϤ ϲϡϭ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϦϢЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϩ ϳϡϫ ϦϤϯ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϱϦϳϽϩ ϬϩϷϡ… Ϙϳϯ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ ϧϦ, ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ. ωϥЂϳ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϭϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ. ϋϡϫ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ σ.ύ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϐ.σ. ϑϦϭϩϨϯϣ, ϮϼϮϦ ϰϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭ ϱϴ϶ϮϴϬϩ ϢϡϱϽϦϱϼ, ϯϳϥϦϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϳϯϱϡ, ϫϯϮϻϿϮϫϳϴϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϡ98. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϬϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭϡЀ «ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϽ», ϫϯϤϥϡ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϢϦϨϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϼϪ ϤϬϴϰϦϷ «ϰϱϩϨϮϡЂϳϲЀ» ϩ ϨϡЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ, ϸϳϯ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϱϡϣЀϳϲЀ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϴ (ϣϬϡϥϦϬϽϷϴ ϳϦϬϦϫϡϮϡϬϡ, ϣϦϥϴϺϦϭϴ ϳϦϬϦϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ, ϤϬϡϣϱϦϥϴ ϤϡϨϦϳϼ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.). ω ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϡ, «ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϫϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϼ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯϳϫϴϥϡ ϩϭ ϣϨЀϳϽϲЀ, ϩ ϤϥϦ, ϫϳϯ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϳ, ϥϯ ϲϩ϶ ϰϯϱ ϯϲϳϡϣϡϬϲЀ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ»99. ϏϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϯϮ ϩ ϲϦϪϸϡϲ. 98 ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ., ϑϦϭϩϨϯϣ ϐ.σ. ϋϱϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϡ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ, ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ). – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2018. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 127. 99 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 10. 38 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ώϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϭ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϩϰϬϯϭϼ ϩ ϲϦϱϳϩϵϩϫϡϳϼ ϩϬϩ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϯϮ «ϤϱϦϬ ϲϯϢϯϿ ϫϱϦϲϬϯ», ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϧϦ ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϡϭϩ ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϽ (ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϫϬϡϥ ϴϭϡ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϼϪ ϲϫϦϰϳϩϷϩϨϭ ϩ ϥϱ.). 2. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ»: ϸϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϩ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ώϩϮϦ ϋϯϴϰ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ, ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϽЀ ϱϯϬϽ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ [ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ (ϾϫϲϵϩϬϽϳϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϴϿ] ϮϡϥЂϧϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϭ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϦ»100. ώϦ ϣϲЀϫϩϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϶ϯϳЀ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϯϢϴϸϩϳϽ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ (ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ, Ϩϡ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀϭϩ). ώϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡЀ ϳϯϮϫϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϮϦ ϲϭϯϧϦϹϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ101, – ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬϯϲϽ ϦϺЂ ϣ ϳϱϡϫϳϡϳϦ ϒϴϮϽ-ϷϨϼ «ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ»: «σϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡϭϩ. σϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ. σϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ»102. ώϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϴϳϡϳϽ ϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϮϡϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϫϱϴϤϯϨϯϱ ϩ ϾϱϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϢϺϴϿ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. ϖϯϳЀ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϨϡϬϯϤϯϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣ ϯϣϬϡϥϦϮϩϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. 100 Cope N. «Intelligence Led Policing or Policing Led Intelligence?» Integrating Volume Crime Analysis into Policing [«ϐϯϬϩϷϩЀ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ?» ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ] // The British Journal of Criminology. – 2004. – Vol. 44. – ࠪ 2. – P. 188–203. – P. 188. 101 ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ: ρϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϰϯϥϤϯϳ. ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ., ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϑ. ϒϣϦϳϬϯϣϡ. – ϒϐϢ.: ρϭϵϯϱϡ, 2009. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 52. 102 ϒϴϮϽ-ϷϨϼ, τϡϬϩϡϱϥϩ τ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. – ϒϐϢ.: ώϦϣϡ, 2003. – 160 ϲ. – ϒ. 53. § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? 39 ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ υϴϤϬϡϲ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ, «ϮϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϦ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϮϦ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ»103. ύϩϹϦϬϽ ύϯϮϳϦϮϽ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϘϳϯϢϼ ϣϭϦϲϳϩϳϽ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϸϴϧϩ϶ ϭϯϨϤϯϣ, ϩ, ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϧϦ, ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϩ ϭϯϺϮϼ϶, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ [ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ], ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϭϯϨϤ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϰϯϳϦϲϮϩϬϲЀ, ϲϻЂϧϩϬϲЀ ϩ ϲϯϫϱϡϳϩϬϲЀ ϣ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ. Ϡ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϢϼϬ Ϣϼ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϲϳϦϮϩЀ ϴϤϡϲϡϿϳ ϯϳ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϩϬϩЀ ϣϬϡϤϩ, ϡ ϲϣϦϳϩϬϽϮϩϫϩ – ϯϳ ϯϢϩϬϩЀ ϭϡϲϬϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϴϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϩ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϼ϶ ϨϡϮЀϳϩЀ϶ ϩ ϯϢϩϬϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϩ϶ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦϭ, ϳϦϱЀϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϯϥ ϢϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϮϦϰϯϲϩϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϤϱϴϨϡ ϲϤϩϢϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϴϣЀϥϡϦϳ. ώϯ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϦϬϯ ϯϢϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϮϡϸϦ, ϩϢϯ ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϨϡϰϯϬϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϹϡ ϥϴϹϡ, ϳϦϭ ϣϭϦϲϳϩϳϦϬϽϮϦϦ ϯϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ, ϩ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϧϩϬ ϣ ϲϳϡϱϯϥϡϣϮϩϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϡ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϳϩϳϽ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϮϦϭϡϬϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϰϱϯϲϬϡϣϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϰϱϩϺϦ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϰϯϬϫϯϣϯϥϷϦϣ ϩϬϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϦϪ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϣϹϩ϶ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ ϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϴϸЂϮϯϲϳϽϿ»104. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϯϢϦϱϳϴ τϦϪϳϲϴ, «ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϭϦϳϽ, ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϩϦ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϼ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ. σϯ-ϣϳϯϱϼ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ, ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϨϡϺϩϺϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. σ-ϳϱϦϳϽϩ϶, ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϨϯϱϴ ϫϡϫ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ… ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϲϣЀϳϩϳϽ ϲϦϢЀ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϳϳϡϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϴϧϦϮ ϳϡϬϡϮϳ; Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϳЀϧЂϬϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ; Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϲϡϭϯϯϳϣϦϱϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ; ϩ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϣϡϧϮϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ… ύϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϣϼ϶ϯϥ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ, ϳϦϯϱϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϣ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩЀ϶… ϖϯϳЀ ϭϼ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϭϲЀ ϫ ϱϦϨϫϩϭ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭ ϥϬЀ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϼ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϳϫϬϯϮЀϳϽ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϴ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϤϯϭ “ϧЂϲϳϫϩ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ”. ύϼ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϲϴϥϽϩ; ϩ ϩϤϱϡ ϮϦ ϨϡϭϼϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ… ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϧϩϥϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϯϲϳϡϮϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϨϡϭϦϸϦϮϮϼϭ, ϩ ϯϮ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϢϦϨ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶. ϏϰϱϡϹϩϣϡЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 103 MacEachin D. Foreword [ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ] // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. x–xi. 104 ύϯϮϳϦϮϽ ύ. Ϗϰϼϳϼ. ϋϮϩϤϡ ϰϦϱϣϡЀ. – ύ.–ό.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ, 1954. – ϒ. 173. 40 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶, ϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϳϦ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϳ ϮϡϹϩϭ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ, ϭϼ ϴϸϩϭϲЀ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϰϯ-Ϯϯϣϯϭϴ – ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϥϡϧϦ ϬϴϸϹϦ. σϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ, ϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϬϡϲϩϪ ϲ ϣϡϹϩϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ»105. ϐϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀϭ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϩ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ Ϯϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ (ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ, ϢϦϨ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϮϩЀ): – «ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϮϯϪ ϩ ЀϲϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ» ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭ106; – «ϴϬϡϣϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϴϿ ϷϦϬϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ»107; – «ϯϺϴϺϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϫϡϧϥϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϯϮ ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϣϦϲϳϩ ϩ϶ ϣϯϦϥϩϮϯ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ϶»108; – ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϩϨ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϣϼϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϦЂ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϲϯϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϲ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϮϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ; ϱϡϨϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ109; – «ϮϦϯϱϥϩϮϡϱϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϩ “ϣϼϥϡϣϡϳϽ” ϮϦϳϱϩϣϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ “ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ”»; «ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ, “ϮϦϲϳϡϥϮϯ” ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯ ϳϱϡϫϳϯϣϡϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ; ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ 105 Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 106 Law Enforcement Analytic Standards [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϰϱϡϣϯϯ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ]. 2nd edition / Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative; International Association of Law; Enforcement Intelligence Analysts, Inc. April 2012. – Washington (D.C., USA): Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2012. – 36 p. – P. 5. 107 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 85. 108 ρϱϩϲ ϑ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϣ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϡϫϳϯϱϡ϶: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ό.ύ. ϐϩϲϽϭϦϮϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ωϯϵϵϦ. – όϦϮϩϮϤϱϡϥ: ϖϩϭϩЀ; όϦϮϩϮϤϱϡϥϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϥϦϬ., 1967. – 328 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 109 ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ). ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ (ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ.). – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύτϏϔ, 2009. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 216, 226. § 1.2. ϋϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ? 41 ϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ»; «“ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ” ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϫϬϿϸϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ»; «ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϧϡϳϩϦ, ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ», ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ «ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ» (ϣ ϮϴϧϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ) ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ, ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ; «ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϣϲϳϡϿϺϩϦ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϩϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϫ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭϴ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϿ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϩ϶ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯ»110; «ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϯ-ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϤϯ Ѐϥϱϡ»; «ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϴϿ ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϴϿ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ (ϩϨϮϡϮϫϴ) ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ»; «ϴϭϦϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϣϣϦϱ϶ ϰϯ ϬϦϲϳϮϩϷϦ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϣϮϩϨ, ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ», «ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ϶ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ», «ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϰϯ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ»; «ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϼ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ111; – ϩϲϫϡϳϽ «ϲϬϡϢϼϦ ϲϬϦϥϼ, ϣϩϥϩϭϼϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϨϮϡϦϳ, ϫϴϥϡ [ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ] ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ»112; – ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ «“ϨϼϢϽ” Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶Ϯϯϲϳϩ, Ϯϯ ϩ “ϰϯϥϣϯϥϮϼϦ ϳϦϸϦϮϩЀ”»; «ϲϯϸϦϳϡϳϽ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϴ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϴ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϪ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽϿ»113; – ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ «ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϣϦϺϡϭ» ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ, ϥϡϣϡϳϽ «ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϣϦϺϡϭ» ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩЀ114; – ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϼ115, ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϫ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϿ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ. σ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ ϷϩϳϡϳϮϼϦ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϩ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ 110 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 25, 26, 27, 141–142, 64, 258–259. 111 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 171, 194, 365, 170. 112 ϋϴϬϩϫϯϣ ρ.ρ. ϕϯϱϦϫϲ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶. – ϒϐϢ.: ϐϩϳϦϱ, 2003. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 77. 113 ϠϱϦϭϦϮϫϯ ϟ.σ. ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϢϦϲϦϥϼ: ψϡϰϩϲϽ ϒ.ρ. ςϦϬϡϮϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ϗϦϮϳϱ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, 1998. – 343 ϲ. – ϒ. 324, 275. 114 όϯϫϫ υ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ 3-϶ ϳ.: ϓ. 1 / ϑϦϥ.: ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ, ρ.ό. ϒϴϢϢϯϳϩϮ; ϱϦϥ. ϳϯϭϡ 1, ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ, ϲϳϡϳϽϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϸ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ; ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ.ώ. ϒϡϣϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1985. – 621 ϲ. – ϒ. 572. 115 Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 42 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼ϶, ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϣϲϦϯϢϻϦϭϬϿϺϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϡ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ – ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼ϶, ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫ Ϯϩϭ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ – ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϥ ϣϲϦ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϼ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩ ϰϯϥ ϣϲϦ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϴ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϰϯϬЀ ϩ϶ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ (ϩ϶ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ «ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡ») ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϭ116, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϯ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϣϦϲϯϭϯ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ. ρ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬϩ υϾϣϩϥ ϖϽϿϢϦϬ ϩ ϓϯϱϲϳϦϮ σϩϨϦϬ, «ϬϦϫϷϩЀ ϩ ϲϳϡϳϽЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϣϡ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϡ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ: ϦϲϬϩ ϨϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϬЂϮϫϴ ϬϦϫϷϩϿ, ϱϡϲϹϩϵϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϩ ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϯϮϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϮϯϲϩϬϡϲϽ ϲϯ ϣϲϦϭϩ “Ͼ-Ͼ” ϩ “ϭϭϭ”, ϲϯ ϣϲϦϭϩ ϨϡϰϩϮϫϡϭϩ, ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϳϡϭϩ ϫ ϴϧϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϧϴϳϫϯϦ ϸϳϩϣϯ; Ϯϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϩϳϽ ϱϴϫϯϰϩϲϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϲϳϽ ϦЂ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϦϺЂ ϶ϴϧϦ. ύϼ ϧϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϫϬϩ, ϸϳϯϢ ϮϡϹϩ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϸϩϳϡϬϩϲϽ ϲ ϶ϯϥϴ…»117. 116 Örsy L.M. Theology and Canon Law – New horizons for legislation and interpretation [ϓϦϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϫϡϮϯϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯ – ϮϯϣϼϦ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϼ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩЀ]. – Collegeville (Minnesota, USA): The Liturgical Press, 1992. – 211 p. – P. 20. 117 ϖϽϿϢϦϬ υ., σϩϨϦϬ ϓ. ύϯϨϤ ϩ ϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ: ϩϲϳϯϱϩЀ 25-ϬϦϳϮϦϤϯ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ. – ωϧϦϣϲϫ: ωϧϦϣϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, 2012. – 840 ϲ. – ϒ. 755–756. § 1.3. όϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 43 § 1.3. όϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀϭϩ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ, ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ, ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϣ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϮϯϭ ϯϰϼϳϦ. ϋϡϫ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ ϒ. ϖϡϪϳϴϮ, «ϯϥϮϩ ϴϸЂϮϼϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϩϥϦϩ, Ϯϯ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϰϩϹϴϳ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ; ϥϱϴϤϩϦ, ϮϡϯϢϯϱϯϳ, ϶ϴϧϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϩϥϦϩ, Ϯϯ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϩϹϴϳ; ϳϱϦϳϽϩ – ϨϡϰϩϲϮϼϦ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ; ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϼϦ ϣϦϬϩϫϯϬϦϰϮϯ ϮϡϬϡϧϩϣϡϿϳ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ»118. ϒϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϮϯϤϥϡ – ϣϼϮϴϧϥϡϿϺϩϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϲϣϯϦϮϼ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϡ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ), ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϮϡϢϯϱϡϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϣ: – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϩϫ, ϩϨϼϲϫϡϳϦϬϽ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ϯϡ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϣϬϡϥϦϿϺϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ «ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ», ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ («smart-») ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϥϡϧϦ ϤϩϤϡϮϳϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϯϣ) ϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «descriptive analytics»); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϩϲϳϦϭϺϩϫ (ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϯϱ), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϭϴ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϿ» ϩ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϿ, ϫ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϿ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϯ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϩ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϱϡϮϽϹϦ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϦ «ϳϯϸϫϩ ϯϰϯϱϼ» ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ; 118 ϖϡϪϳϴϮ ϒ. ϔϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ // ϓϱϯϩϷϫϩϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ – ώϡϴϫϡ. – 29.08.2017. – ࠪ 17 (236). 44 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϲϳ (ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϭ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-«ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽ», ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϦ ϩϭ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϮϯϦ ϰϯϬϦ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ (ϰϯϣϼϹϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϽ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϫϱϩϳϩϫ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ «ϸϩϲϳϩϬϽϺϩϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ, ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϣϼЀϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ (ϮϦЀϣϮϼϦ, ϮϦϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϦ), ϲϡϭϼϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ «ϨϡϹϩϳϼϦ» ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϩ (ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡЀ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϴЀ) ϤϯϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ (ϬϩϢϯ ϨϡϫϬϿϸЂϮϮϯϪ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϩϥϦϩ) – ϥϬЀ ϦϤϯ «ϰϯϤϡϹϦϮϩЀ» (ϯϰϱϯϫϩϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ) ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϥϬЀ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϣϼϰϱϡϣϫϩ («ϸЂϱϮϼϪ ϱϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϡϳϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳ»); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϦϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϫϱϩϰϳϯϤϱϡϵ, IT-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, web-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϺϩϫ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϤϡϱϡϮϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Quality Assurance» (QA)) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЂϱ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Quality Control» (QC)), ϲϿϥϡ ϧϦ ϯϳϮϦϲЂϭ «ϰϦϱϦϢϯϱϺϩϫϡ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ»; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡϱϩϴϲ («ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϢϩϢϬϩϯϳϦϫϡϱϽ-ϡϱ϶ϩϣϩϲϳ»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡϭϩ, ϱϦϰϯϨϩϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ, ϢϡϨϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϩ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϢϡϨϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϾϱϤϯϮϯϭϩϸϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳ («ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤ», «ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϬϯϤ»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ, ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ, ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ, ϥϩϲϢϡϬϡϮϲϯϣ, ϲϢϯϦϣ, ϮϦϴϥϡϸ, ϮϦϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ119, ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤ, ϲϿϥϡ ϧϦ ϯϳϮϦϲЂϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϩϤϱϡϭ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫ, ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽ; 119 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. – ύ.: ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2019. – 301 ϲ. ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ: § 1.3. όϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 45 – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϯϱ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «solution architect»), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϳϯϱ («ϫϡϱϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫ»); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-«ϳϱϡϢϬϹϴϳϦϱ» («ϱϦϹϡϳϦϬϽ ϮϦϱϦϹϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «troubleshooter» – ϥϯϲϬϯϣϮϯ «ϯϳϲϳϱϦϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ»); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϳϯϱ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, Ϯϡ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϭ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϩ» ϣϲϦϤϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ ϭϦϬϯϸϦϪ ϩ ϳϯϮϫϯϲϳϦϪ; ϲϿϥϡ ϧϦ ϯϳϮϦϲЂϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ-ϰϱϯϵϡϪϬϦϱϡ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϩ Ϭϧϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫ-ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ (ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϦϣ, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϡϪϳϦϱ (ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, «ϣϹϩϳϯϪ» (ϣϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ) ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϭϴϬϽϳϩϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ЀϨϼϫϡϭϩ, ϬϦϤϫϯ (Ϯϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϩ Ϯϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ) ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ЀϨϼϫϡ϶; – HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ120 (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – «ϯ϶ϯϳϮϩϫ Ϩϡ ϤϯϬϯϣϡϭϩ», ϱϦϫϱϴϳЂϱ). σϰϯϬϮϦ ϲϡϭϯϷϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϣϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϤϱϡϮϩϷ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϹϩϱϯϫϩϪ ϲϰϦϫϳϱ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ121, ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϩϭ ϯϢϻЂϭ 120 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ (HR Analytics) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϫ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϬϴ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ. HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ, ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϦЂ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϡЀ ϷϦϬϽ – ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϯϭ, ϲϢϯϱ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϴϬϴϸϹϩϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ (HR Analytics: Definition, Example, HR Metrics Dashboard and Predictive HR Analytics [HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϡϮϦϬϽ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ HR-ϭϦϳϱϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ] // <https://www.questionpro.com/blog/hr-analytics-andtrends/>). 121 ϔϩϳϬϩ ϑ.υ. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ // ώϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ: ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϼ: ϒϢ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϯϣ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳ. Ϟ.ύ. ύϩϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ς.τ. ϟϥϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1980. – 431 ϲ. – ϒ. 218–256. – ϒ. 245. 46 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϴϭϼ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϭϩ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϰϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ (ϸϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ), Ϯϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϴ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϱϦϥϫϯ. φϲϬϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭ ϬϩϹϽ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϩ «ϮϦ ϢϬϦϺϦϳ» ϣ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶, ϳϯ Ͼϳϯ Ϯϩϫϯϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϮϦ ϲϮϩϧϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϮϦ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϡ). ϋϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϦ ϥϦϬϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ – ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶, ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ϶. ώϩϫϳϯ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϦ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ. σϯϰϱϯϲ – ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϯϳ ϮϦϤϯ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϱϯϥϴ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ρ. ϋϡϨϡϮϷϦϣ (ϲϯ ϲϬϯϣ ϳϱϦϳϽϦϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ) ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϡϥϱϦϲϴϦϭϯϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϣϼϹϦ: «ϋϡϰϩϳϡϮ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫ ϹϳϡϢϡ ϵϱϯϮϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϣϡ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. σϯϳ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϮ ϣϯ ϤϬϡϣϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϤϱϴϰϰϼ ϩϥЂϳ ϰϯ ϬϦϲϴ ϣ ϳϼϬϴ ϣϱϡϤϡ ϩ ϮϡϰϡϱϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ Ϩϡϲϡϥϴ. σ ϸЂϭ ϦϤϯ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ? ύϤϮϯϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϴ ϩ ϯϳϥϡϳϽ ϢϼϲϳϱϼϪ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϫϡϨ. φϲϬϩ ϯϮ ϴϤϡϥϡϬ ϲ ϰϱϩϫϡϨϯϭ – ϸϡϲϳϽ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϰϡϲϦϮϡ, ϡ ϮϦ ϴϤϡϥϡϬ – Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϰϡϥЂϳ ϲϭϦϱϳϽϿ ϶ϱϡϢϱϼ϶. ώϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮ ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϳϦϱЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϸϮЂϳ ϱϡϨϥϴϭϼϣϡϳϽ – ϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϯϤϩϢϮϴϳ ϣϲϦ, ϢϦϨ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ… ρ ϣϯϳ ϹϳϡϢϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫϡ Ϯϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϱϯϰϩϳ. ϋ ϮϦϭϴ ϲϳϦϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϡϲϲϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: ϲ ϵϱϯϮϳϡ, ϯϳ ϲϯϲϦϥϦϪ, ϯϳ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϲ ϳϼϬϯϣϼ϶ ϲϬϴϧϢ. φϤϯ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϮϦ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϦ – ϱϡϨϤϡϥϡϳϽ ϨϡϭϼϲϦϬ ϣϱϡϤϡ ϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϩϤϱϴ. ϓϡϫ ϣϯϳ, ϦϲϬϩ ϩ϶ ϰϯϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϭϦϲϳϡϭϩ, ϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϣϲϦϭ: ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫϡ ϴϢϽϿϳ ϣ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ ϧϦ ϢϯϿ, ϡ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϮ – ϱϡϲϰϼϬϩϳ ϲϩϬϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϤϱϡϦϳ ϲϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϤϩϢϮϴϳ ϳϼϲЀϸϩ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϶ϯϱϯϹ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϭϦϲϳϦ»122. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϯϢ Ͼϳϯϭ ϦϺЂ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϮϩϧϦ). 122 ϋϡϨϡϮϷϦϣ ρ. ώϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϿϺϩϭ: ϯ <isicad.ru/ru/articles.php?article_num=21017>. – 24.01.2020. ϭϦϳϯϥϦ isicad-ϡ // § 1.4. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 47 § 1.4. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϑϡϨϢϩϱϡЀϲϽ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϧϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϹϦϪ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϯϪ (ϣϼϲϹϩϭ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧϦϭ) ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ, ϸϦϳϼϱϦ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ: ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϼϪ, ϢϡϨϯϣϼϪ, ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼϪ. σϯϳ «ϰЀϳϼϭ» (ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϭ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϭ) ϴϱϯϣϮϦϭ ϩ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ (ϴϱϯϣϮЀ) ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧϡ (ϱϩϲ. 1-1). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ςϩϬϬϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϲϴ, «ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϏϰЀϳϽ ϧϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ»123. ϩϨ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϥϯϭϩϮϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϦϤϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϴϭϦϮϩϪ. ϐϯ ςϩϬϬϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϲϴ, «϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϼ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲЀϳϲЀ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϫϳϯ-ϳϯ ϲϭϯϤ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ, ϯϮ ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϣ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ. σϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, Ϧϭϴ ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϰϯϨϮϡϫϯϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϣϼϸϩϲϬЀϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϭϦϳϱϩϫϩ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϯϮ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ»124. ώϯ Ϯϡϥϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ςϩϬϬϯϭ ϕϱϾϮϫϲϯϭ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϳϯϣ ϲ϶ϯϧϩ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϵϡϱϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϩϬϩ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦ ϲϴϭϦϦϳ ϳϡϫ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϯ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϴ ϞϬϥϦϱϴ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϳϯϩϳ Ϯϡϥ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϫϯϪ125. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϦϮϴ, «϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ ϲ ϲϼϱϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϡϤϱϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭϩ» ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ126. ϔϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϲϦϯϢϻϦϭϬϿϺϩϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϣϱЀϥ Ϭϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϪϥϦϮ, ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ. 123 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϔϫϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 352 c. – ϒ. 238. 124 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϔϫϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 352 c. – ϒ. 240. 125 ϞϬϥϦϱ ρ. ϋϡϫ ϩϤϱϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϩϤϱϼϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϢϩϱϧϦ: ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ. ϓϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ. ϋϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ Ϯϡϥ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϬϯϭ. 5-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ςϩϨϮϦϲ ςϴϫϲ, 2008. – 472 ϲ. – ϒ. 76. 126 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 95. 48 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 1-1. ϐϱϩ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϳϯϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ127. 127 ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ ϰϱϩϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϔϾϪϮϴ ϔϯϬϳϦϱϴ υϡϪϦϱϴ, ϣϨЀϳϡ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ. ϞϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ: <https://ogend.livejournal.com/601550.html>; <https://image.made-inchina.com/155f0j00fZVtABNIHQYi/Manufacturing-All-Types-Horseshoes-forHorses.jpg>, <https://i.bosity.com/product_img/279/74015975/image.jpg>, <https://www.ablogtowatch.com/balance-springs-produced-house-h-moser-cie/>. § 1.4. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 49 ώϯ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϣϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϯϦ ϩ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϦ ϣϬϡϥϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϭϩ ϰϡϬϩϳϱϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϯϢϺϦ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϲϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ), ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϡϭϩ (ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϥϡϧϦ Ϩϡ ϤϱϡϮϽϿ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ, ϲϱϦϥϮϦϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ, ϥϡϧϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϯϪ, ϶ϯϳЀ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϻϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϴϳ ϮϦϳ). 50 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ύϼ ϩϥЂϭ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲϯϨϥϡϿϺϦϪ ϦЂ ϦϥϩϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ, ϲϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϭ. σ.σ. όϦϳϴϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ128. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϪ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϱϯϲϳ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϲϰϱϯϲϡ Ϯϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ, ϥϩϣϦϱϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ (ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯ-ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϫ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϴ ω.σ. ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤϡ, σ.ώ. ϒϡϥϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ Ϟ.τ. ϟϥϩϮϡ, ϯϳϭϦϳϩϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϯϢϺϡЀ» ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ «ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϡЀ», ϡ ϯϳϮϿϥϽ ϮϦ «ϣϲϦϯϢϺϡЀ»129. ϖϯϳЀ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ, ϩϨ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϣϦϲϡ ϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ. σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ (ϰϱϩϨϮϡЂϭ Ϭϩ ϭϼ Ͼϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϳ, ϯϳϥϡЂϭ Ϭϩ ϲϦϢϦ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϯϳϸЂϳ) – ϩ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϳϩϮϴϴϭϡ (ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ), ϤϥϦ ϭϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴϦϭ, ϩ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ. ϓϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϮϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϼ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϨϮϡЂϭ ϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ130. 128 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 10. 129 ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤ ω.σ., ϒϡϥϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ώ., ϟϥϩϮ Ϟ.τ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ: ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ. – ύ.: ψϮϡϮϩϦ, 1969. – 48 ϲ. – ϒ. 20. 130 Lynch E.A., Mudge A., Knowles S., et al. «There is nothing so practical as a good theory»: a pragmatic guide for selecting theoretical approaches for implementation projects [«ώϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ, ϸϦϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ»: ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϣϼϢϯϱϴ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ] // Health Services Research. – 2018. – Vol. 18. – ࠪ 1. – P. 857–868. – P. 859. § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 51 ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ Ͼϳϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϱϦ-ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϴϳ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϴ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϣϨϱϼϣ» ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ FICO, ϰϱϯϲϬϦϥϩϣϹϦϪ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϪ Ͼϱϼ ϣ 1940-϶ Ϥϯϥϡ϶ ϥϯ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϥϮϦϪ, ϣ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϲ 2000 ϰϯ 2012 Ϥϯϥ ϰϱϯϥϡϧϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϼϱϯϲϬϩ ϲ 11 ϭϬϱϥ. ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ ϥϯ 35 ϭϬϱϥ. ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ; ϲ 2011 ϰϯ 2012 Ϥϯϥ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϲϫϯϸϩϬϯ Ϯϡ 15 000 ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϯϣ; ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳϲЀ 2,5 ϫϣϩϮϳϩϬϬϩϯϮϡ ϢϡϪϳϯϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ, ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ, ϸϦϭ ϫϯϤϥϡ-ϬϩϢϯ ϣ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ131. ω Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϣ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϷϩϩ. ϔϧϦ 13 ϬϦϳ ϮϡϨϡϥ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϩϩ ϩ ϵϩϨϩϫϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϩϷ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϼ ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϯ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϬϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ ϣ ϰϦϳϡϢϡϪϳϼ (1 ϰϦϳϡϢϡϪϳ = 1015 ϢϡϪϳϯϣ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ Ϥϯϥ (ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϦϺЂ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϪ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϼ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϼ)132. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϿϳ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨЀϳϲЀ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϴ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϰϯ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϱϯϫϡϭ, ϰϯ ϰϱϦϷϩϨϩϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩ ϫ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϮϯϣϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ (ϯ ϸЂϭ Ϣϼ Ϯϩ ϹϬϡ ϱϦϸϽ – ϯ ϤϱϡϧϥϡϮϲϫϩ϶ Ϭϩ ϣϴϨϡ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϧϦ ϯϢ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ϶ ϣϦϥϯϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩ϶ ϥϦϬ, ϰϱϯϫϴϱϡϳϴϱϼ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϯ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ). ϏϢϱϡϳϮϼϦ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϳϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϭ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϬϩϢϯ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϯϣ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ (Ϩϡ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϱϦϥϸϡϪϹϩϭ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ – ϰϯϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϬϩϹϽ 131 The Analytics Big Bang. Predictive analytics reaches critical mass as Big Data and new technologies collide [ςϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϣϨϱϼϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϡϲϲϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϲϳϯϬϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ] // <https://www.fico.com/en/resource-access/download/3418>. 132 Bell G., Hey T., Szalay A. Computer science: Beyond the Data Deluge [ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϡ: Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // Science. – 2009. – Vol. 323. – ࠪ 5919. – P. 1297–1298. – P. 1297. 52 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ), ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϮϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϣϼϥϡϿϳ ϧϦϬϡϦϭϯϦ Ϩϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ / ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϦЂ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϴϤϬϡϲϡ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮϡ, ϮϡϴϫϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϥϦϬϦϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϫ ϮϦϪ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ. Ϟϳϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϮϡϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϸЂϳϫϯϤϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϡ – ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ – ϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ133. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϡ ϔϾϪϬϡ-ϭϬ., «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϲϳϡϣϩϭ ϬϿϥϦϪ Ϯϡ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϼ ϲϳϡϱϡϦϭϲЀ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϣϦϺϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϣϼϲϩϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ϶ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϥϩϡϰϡϨϯϮϦ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϼ϶ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϭϼ ϲϳϡϱϡϦϭϲЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϬϩϲϽ Ϯϡ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ. ώϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϳЂϳ Ϯϡ ϥϦϱϦϣϽЀ϶, ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϩ»134. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϴ, «ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ, ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϡϨϼ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϋ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϭϼ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϭϲЀ ϲ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ…»135. ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϰϱϡϣ. ϔϣϼ, ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϬϿϥЀϭ, ϸϳϯ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϼ, ϸϳϯ ϩ϶ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» – Ͼϳϯ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϡϯϢϯϱϯϳ», ϲϩϭϴϬЀϷϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ Ϯϡ ϤϱϡϮϩ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ϋϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϑϩϸϡϱϥ ϔϾϪϬ-ϭϬ., «ϦϲϳϽ ϳϱϩ ϣϦϺϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϬϿϥϩ ϮϦ ϣϼϮϯϲЀϳ: ϫϯϤϥϡ ϩϭ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, ϸϳϯ ϴ Ϯϩ϶ ϥϴϱϮϯϪ ϣϫϴϲ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϴϭϦϿϳ ϯϢϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ»136. ρ ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϑϩϸϡϱϥ ϕϦϪϮϭϡϮ: «Ϡ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϿ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ: ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϴϸϡϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ; ϯϮϩ ϴϸϡϳϲЀ ϫϡϫϩϭ-ϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ 133 MacEachin D. Foreword // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. xi. 134 Weil-jr. R. Art of Practical Thinking [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ]. Second Indian Edition. – Bombay: D.σ. Taraporevala sons & Co., 1940. – xii; 268 p. – P. xi. 135 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 106. 136 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Platt W. Strategic Intelligence Production: Basic Principles [ϐϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ςϡϨϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ]. – New York: F.A. Praeger, 1957. – 302 p. – P. 89. § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 53 ϨϡϨϴϢϱϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϦϺЂ. ω϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ – ϳϡϫϩϦ ϶ϱϴϰϫϩϦ!»137 ψϡϭϫϮϴϳϼϪ ϰϯϱϯϸϮϼϪ ϫϱϴϤ… ώϯ ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϦЂ ϡϨϼ? φϲϳϽ Ϭϩ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ, ϯ ϸЂϭ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϦϲϳϩ ϱϦϸϽ? 2. ρϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ όϿϢϡЀ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϨϡϱϯϧϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ138, ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϣ. ώϡϸϮЂϭ ϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϯϢ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϦ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϪ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ «ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ»139, ϥϡ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ – ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ, ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϡ. ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϦϥϩϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡЀ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶140. ϓϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϭ (thesaurus) ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϱЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϡ. ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϲϰϩϲϫϯϣ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϯϣ ϩ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϯ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϩ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭ. ϒϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ ϣ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ (ϯϢϺϦϦ / ϸϡϲϳϮϯϦ, ϩϬϩ ϹϩϱϦ / ϴϧϦ), ϳϡϫ ϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ («ϲϭ. ϳϡϫϧϦ») ϩϬϩ ϾϫϣϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϮϼϭϩ (ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϼ ϩϬϩ «ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϭϦϲϳϯ / ϨϡϭϦϮЀϦϳ»). υϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼϭϩ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϡϭϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϭ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ. ϓϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϲϼϬϫϩ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ ϩ ϳ.ϰ.141 ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϳϱϴϥ. 137 «Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!» [σϼ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϹϴϳϩϳϦ, ϭϩϲϳϦϱ ϕϦϪϮϭϡϮ!] Adventures of a Curious Character Richard P. Feynman as told to Ralph Leighton edited by Edward Hutchings. – New York: Bantam Books, 1989. – x; 322 p. – P. 23. 138 ρϱϨϡϭϡϲϯϣ ϟ.τ., υϡϣϼϥϯϣϡ ύ.ό., ψϱϡϧϦϣϲϫϡЀ ϓ.υ., ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϥϬЀ ϣϴϨϯϣ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.τ. ρϱϨϡϭϡϲϯϣϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϩϲϰϱ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: ϟϱϡϪϳ, 2020. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 16. 139 Rhodes R. Understanding governance [ϐϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ]. – Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1997. – P. 653. 140 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. 295. 141 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 377. 54 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϿϳ σϯϬϽϵϤϡϮϤ υϯϮϲϢϡ϶ ϩ ρϮϮ-ύϡϱϩ ςϱϾϪϥ, ϥϡϧϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϿϳϲЀ (ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϼ) ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱЀϭϼϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ142. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϴ ϋϦϮϳϴ, «ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ [ϣ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϦϱϦ] ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϼ ϲϬϯϣϡϱЂϭ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϫϡϫ “ϬϩϢϦϱϡϬϩϨϭ” ϩ “ϥϦϭϯϫϱϡϳϩЀ”, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϾϫϣϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϡ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϯϣ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϯϣ ϰϯϬϯϫ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϦϪ. σϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϩ϶ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ, ϫϡϫ ϣϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϦ “ϢϴϭϡϤϴ” ϩ “ϸϦϱϮϩϬϡ”. ϓϡϫ ϩ ϲ ϮϡϹϩϭϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϳ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϫϡϫ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, “ϯϷϦϮϫϡ”, “ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱ”, “ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ” ϩ ϳϡϫ ϥϡϬϦϦ. ώϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀϹϮϩϪ ϥϦϮϽ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ Ͼϳϩ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ, Ϯϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ Ϭϩ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫ, ϫϡϫ ϨϡϥϴϭϡϮϯ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϭϼ ϢϼϬϩ Ϣϼ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϫϯϲϮϯЀϨϼϸϮϼ ϢϦϨ ϲϬϯϣϡ “ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ”; ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϦϤϯ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϸϡϺϦ, ϸϦϭ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡϥ Ͼϳϩϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϭ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϦϤϯ ϢϦϨ ϱϡϨϢϯϱϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϩϳϽ ϯϥϮϴ ϩϨ ϳϱЂ϶ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϣϦϺϦϪ: 1) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϭϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, 2) ϤϱϴϢϴϿ ϲϩϬϴ ϩ 3) ϳϡϬϡϮϳ ϩϬϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ. ύϯϧϦϭ Ϭϩ ϭϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϼ, ϸϳϯ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϭ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ? φϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϭ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϮϡϹϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ, ϭϼ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϭ, ϸϳϯ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϦϺϡ϶; ϩ ϭϼ ϣϲϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩЀ ϱϩϲϫϴϦϳ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϣ ϢϦϲϰϬϯϥϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϱ, ϸϦϭ ϣ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϿ»143. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡ ϯϮϳϯ-ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϯ ϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭ, ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ (ϥϯϢϼϸϩ), ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ, ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ, ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϣϦϺϦϪ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϥϦϪ, ϥϦϬϡЀ ϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϮϩϦ «ϾϰϩϲϳϦϭϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϬϯϣϴϹϦϫ» ϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴЀ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϫϬϩϹϦ «ϯϳ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ – ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ», 142 Donsbach W., Brade A.-M. Nothing Is As Practical As a Good Theory: What Communication Research Can Offer to the Practice of Political Communication [ώϩϸϳϯ ϳϡϫ ϮϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ: Ϙϳϯ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ] // The International Journal of Press/Politics. – 2011. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 508–522. – P. 510. 143 Kent S. The Need for an Intelligence Literature [ϐϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϰϯ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1955, Spring. § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 55 ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϪ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ Ͼϳϩϭ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϭ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫϩϦ ϦϺЂ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ (ϩ ϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ) ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ? ϓϡϫϩ϶ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϦϺЂ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ, ϣ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ (ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϩ «ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ»): – ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ; – ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytics value») ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϱϳϦϵϡϫϳ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ «ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ», ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ; – ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ; – ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ; – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ; – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϦϳϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analyticography»); – ϮϦϸЂϳϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ144); 144 σ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩϦ ϥϣϡ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩЀ ϱϦϨϫϯ ϣϯϨϱϯϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϫ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ϏϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϡϰϰϡϱϡϳϡ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϮϦϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣ, ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ, ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϳ.ϰ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϡϰϰϡϱϡϳϡ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϿ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϫϬϡϲϲϯϣ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϮϦϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϤϱϡϮϴϬ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϴϿ ϩ ϮϦϮϴϬϦϣϴϿ ϹϩϱϩϮϴ, ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ 56 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϹϡϤ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϳϴϱ; – ϰϴϬ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϡ; – ϵϡϢϱϩϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ; – ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ; – ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ / ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ / ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ / ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; – Ͼϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ (ϭϡϲϳϦϱϰϬϡϮ, «ϥϯϱϯϧϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϡ», ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ). 3. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ψϡϮЀϳϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϲϳϦϫϡϿϳ ϩϨ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀϭϩ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭϩ, ϨϡϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ (ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ) ϫϡϣϦϱϮϼ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϳϣЂϱϥϼϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ. ϐϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϯϳ ϢϼϳϯϣϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϫ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϭ ϵϯϱϭϡϭ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ. ϓϣЂϱϥϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ – ϨϡϬϯϤ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϩ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϪ ϩϭϰϱϯϣϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ. ϏϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϩ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϢϼϬϡ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϦϪ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣ (ϐϦϤϡϳ ρ. ώϦϸЂϳϫϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: όϡϢϯϱϡϳϯϱϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, 2020. – 801 ϲ. – ϒ. 5, 14). § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 57 σϼϲϹϡЀ ϷϦϬϽ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ – ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϺϦ ϩ ϮϦϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϦϦ, ϮϦ ϯϳϫϡϨϼϣϡЀϲϽ ϯϳ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ ϯϰϼϳϡ, – ϰϩϲϡϬ ρϬϽϢϦϱϳ ϞϪϮϹϳϦϪϮ145. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ, ϩϢϯ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϋϴϱϳϡ όϦϣϩϮϡ, «ϮϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ, ϸϦϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ»146. ω ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦϳ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϯϳϣϦϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ), ϳϯ, ϰϯ τ.σ. ρϳϡϭϡϮϸϴϫϴ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯ (ϦϲϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ) ϯϧϩϥϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϡЀ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ147. ώϴϧϮϡ ϮϦ «ϳϦϯϱϩЀ» «Ϯϡ ϰϡϬϽϷϡ϶» ϩϬϩ «ϥϬЀ ϸϡϪϮϩϫϯϣ» (ϫϡϫ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϬϿϢЀϳ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϯϢϬϯϧϫϡ϶ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ). Ϟϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϲ ϥϯϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϳϦϯϱϩЀ» ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϯϬϽϵϤϡϮϤϴ υϯϮϲϢϡ϶ϴ ϩ ρϮϮ-ύϡϱϩ ςϱϾϪϥ, ϫϡϫ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϦ «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϔϲϳϯЀϬϯϲϽ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭϩ»148. ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ, ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϲ ϥϩϥϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ – ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼ϶, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϳϡϢϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϴϭϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶) ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϴ ϩ ϮϦ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϺϩ϶ ϯϳ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ149. ϓϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϩϭϦϬϩ Ϣϼ ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϱϦϳϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ – ϥϬЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ. ϓϦϯϱϩϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϣ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ 145 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϐϦϪϥϧ ϒ. ύϯϥϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ. ϋϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ώ. ϠϷϿϫ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ω. ϋϱϡϲϩϫϯϣ, ρ. ύϩϮϽϫϯ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2020. – ϒ. 9. 146 Lewin ϋ. Field Theory in Social Science: Selected Theoretical Papers by Kurt Lewin [ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϯϬЀ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ Ϯϡϴϫϡ϶: ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϳϽϩ ϋϴϱϳϡ όϦϣϩϮϡ]. – London: Tavistock, 1952. – P. 169. 147 ρϳϡϭϡϮϸϴϫ τ.σ. Ϗ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨЀ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϯϣ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϴϭϦ // ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ. XXI ϣϦϫ. – 2014. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 27. 148 Donsbach W., Brade A.-M. Nothing Is As Practical As a Good Theory: What Communication Research Can Offer to the Practice of Political Communication [ώϩϸϳϯ ϳϡϫ ϮϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ: Ϙϳϯ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ] // The International Journal of Press/Politics. – 2011. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 508–522. – P. 509. 149 Théorie [ϓϦϯϱϩЀ] // <https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/théorie>. 58 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. ϓϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ, ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ. ϓϦϯϱϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ)150. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϩϬЀ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ (ϯϳϳϡϬϫϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϭ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϡ϶) ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϥϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ Ѐϥϱϯ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϦЂ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϢϡϨϩϲϼ ϩ ϦЂ «ϲϩϬϯϣϼϦ» ϮϦϲϴϺϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ. ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ (ϣ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ) ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϤϮϯϲϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ151. ϐϯ ϑϯϥϧϦϱϴ ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮϴ, «ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϲϴϭϭϦ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϩϭ ϲϴϥϩϳϽ ϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ. υϡϧϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ, ϯϳϱϩϷϡϿϺϩϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ, ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϲϴϭϭϴ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ Ϧϭϴ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ Ϩϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ, ϩϮϡϸϦ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ. ω Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϥϡϧϦ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϼ ϮϦЀϲϮϯ, ϰϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ ϮϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϯϢϼϸϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ. ωϭϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϩϨ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϫ ϥϦϬϴ… ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϦ ϥϣϴ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϫϮϩϤ, ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ»152. ϐϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϲϰϬϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ, ϲϯϢϯϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϪ153 ϣϼϲϯϫϯϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϲϡϭϯϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϪ, ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦ 150 Lynch E.A., Mudge A., Knowles S., et al. «There is nothing so practical as a good theory»: a pragmatic guide for selecting theoretical approaches for implementation projects [«ώϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ, ϸϦϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ»: ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϣϼϢϯϱϴ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ] // Health Services Research. – 2018. – Vol. 18. – ࠪ 1. – P. 857–868. – P. 857–859, 863. 151 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 110. 152 ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮ ϑ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ.ϐ. ϒϯϮϩϮϡ ϩ Ϗ.φ. ψϩϬϽϢϦϱϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1957. – 191 ϲ. – ϒ. 64–65, 76. 153 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 59 ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ, ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳ «ϲϧϡϳϼ϶» ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ, ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϤϯ («ϲϴϭϭϩϱϴЀ» ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϿ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ – ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϭ ϰϱϯϢϯϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϩ ϥϦϬϡϬϯϲϽ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼϭ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ – ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϯ), ϰϦϱϦϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϴϭϦϮϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϥϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. 4. ϋ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϰϴϳЀ϶ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϙϳϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϬЀ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ? 1. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϬϿϥϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϦ ϩ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϦЂ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ. ρ ϳϯϸϮϦϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ – «ϲϯϢϱϡϳϽ» ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϩϨ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϢϯϤϡϳϦϪϹϩ϶ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϣϡϬϩϥϩϱϴϿϺϦ-ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼ϶ ϮϡϱϡϢϯϳϯϫ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣ ϩ «ϯϸϩϲϳϩϣ» ϩ϶, ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЀ ϩ϶ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ «ϲϢϯϱϫϴ» (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϡϲϲϦϭϢϬϩϱϯϣϡϣ) ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϫϬϿϸЂϮ Ѐϱϫϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼϪ ϡϢϲϴϱϥ, ϳϩϰϡ: «ϘϩϳϡϪϳϦ ύϡϱϫϲϡ ϩ ϞϮϤϦϬϽϲϡ, ϳϡϭ ϴ Ϯϩ϶ ϴϧϦ ϣϲЂ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϯ». ϐϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϥϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϩ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ-ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϴ (ϩϬϩ ϫ ϥϣϴϭ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭ), ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϮϩϸϳϯϧϮϯϭϴ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ, ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϯϣ, ϵϩϨϩϫϯϣ, ϶ϩϭϩϫϯϣ, Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ, ϣϱϡϸϦϪ, ϰϱϯϣϩϨϯϱϯϣ, ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϯϣ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϬϩϹϦϮϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϨϥϱϡϣϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ. ϏϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϦϭϼ϶ ϫ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϥϮϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϼ, ϩϬϩ ϯϥϮϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϲϳϼ ϩ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩϬϩ ϯϥϮϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϼ (ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϼ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ), ϩϬϩ ϯϥϮϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϲϬϴϧϢ, ϩϬϩ ϯϥϮϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ; ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶154, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϯϢϺϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ. 154 «σϡϧϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϴϧϦ ϥϡϣϮϯ ϲϳϡϣϹϩϦ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϣ ϲϭϦϧϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ» – ϰϩϲϡϬ ώϯϱϢϦϱϳ σϩϮϦϱ. ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: φϱϦϭϩϮ ρ.ό. ώϯϯϤϦϮϦϨ ϩ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ. – ϋϱϡϲϮϯϥϡϱ: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϋϴϢϡϮϽ, 2005. – 356 ϲ. – ϒ. 12. 60 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ, ϲϿϥϡ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ: «τϬϴϢϯϫϩϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ – ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϥϫϯϦ, ϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ. Ϟϳϯ ϱϦϥϸϡϪϹϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϥϦϬϯ ϰϯ ϲϩϬϡϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡϭ… Ϗϳ Ϯϩ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮϩ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯ ϣϬϡϥϦϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ, ϢϼϬϩ ϢϦϲϰϱϩϲϳϱϡϲϳϮϼ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϬϩϷϯϭ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ ϣ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϭϦϬϩ ϢϯϤϡϳϯϦ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ, ϢϼϬϩ ϲϭϦϬϼ ϩ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ϶, ϫϱϩϳϩϸϮϼ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϩϲϫϴϲϮϼ ϣ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ. Ϗϳ Ϯϩ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϫϱϡϲϮϦϪϹϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ, ϣϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϸϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϧϩϳϦϪϲϫϡЀ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϽ»155. Ϟϳϩ ϬϿϥϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϫϯϮϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϲϯϬϩϥϡϱϮϯ ϰϱϩϪϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϩϿ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ Ѐϥϱϡ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ωϢϯ ϫϡϫ ϣϼ ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ? ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϯϣ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϳ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϮϦϲЂϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϑϩϫϡϱϥϯ τϩϢϴϱϡ, «Ͼϳϯ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯ, ϸϳϯ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴЀ ϲϣϯϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ, ϡϣϳϯϱ ϣϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϯϳϲϸЂϳϡ, ϲϯϯϳϮϯϲϩϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϬϴϧϡϳ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϩ»156. 2. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϲϭ. ϣϼϹϦ). 3. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϷϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϡЀ), ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϩ ϯϳϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩϭϲЀ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϡϭ. ϔ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ (ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϡЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ), ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ (ϬϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ), ϲϣϯϪ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ (ϲ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϽϿ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ЂϭϫϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϪ), ϲϣϯЀ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϫϡ (ϫϡϫ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳ, ϫϡϫ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϩ ϰϬϯϲϫϯϲϳϩ), ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϦЂ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϮϦЂ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϥϸϩϮЀЀ ϦЂ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡϭ (ϫϡϫ ϮϦϲϴϺϩϭ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀϭ ϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϡϭ), ϣ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ: 155 ϋent S. Strategic Intelligence. For American World Policy [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. σ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϯϪ ϭϩϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Princeton (New Jersey, USA): Princeton University Press, 1949. – xxvii; 226 p. – P. 64–65. ϐϦϱϦϣϯϥ Ϸϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 281–282. 156 Guibourg R.A. Hart y la escuela analítica inglesa [ϖϡϱϳ ϩ ϡϮϤϬϩϪϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϹϫϯϬϡ] // <http://cv.uoc.edu/mat/03_001/hart1.htm>. § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 61 – ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ; – ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϡЀ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ; – ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϽ, ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϲϴϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϴ ϾϳϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ; – ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϡ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϳϦϯϱϩϩ; – ϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ; – ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ (ϫϡϫ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ); ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϽ, ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϡЀ – ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ-ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ, ϫϡϲϳϯϭϩϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ (ϮϡϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϥ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϯϴϧϥϼ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ) ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϫ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯϭϴ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶. ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϦЂ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϽ) ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϵϴϮϫϷϩЀ – ϡ) ϯϢϺϦϪ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ «ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ», ϩ Ϣ) ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϩϬϼ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ» ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ (ϥϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϯ), ϲϯ ϲϲϼϬϫϯϪ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ157. ω ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϭ σϯϬϽϵϤϡϮϤϡ υϯϮϲϢϡ϶ϡ ϩ ρϮϮύϡϱϩ ςϱϾϪϥ158, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϣϹϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ (ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϪ) ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ, ϩ ϨϥϦϲϽ – ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϯ. σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϡЀ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ. 157 Colquitt J.A., Zapata-Phelan C.P. Trends in theory building and theory testing: a fivedecade study of the Academy of Management Journal [ϓϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ: ϰЀϳϩϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϮϦϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϡ Academy of Management Journal] // Academy of Management Journal. – 2007. – Vol. 50. – ࠪ 6. – P. 1281–1303. – P. 1281. Elragal A., Klischewski R. Theory-driven or process-driven prediction? Epistemological challenges of big data analytics [ϐϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ? ϞϰϩϲϳϦϭϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // Journal of Big Data. – 2017. – Vol. 4. – Article ࠪ 19. – P. 3. 158 Donsbach W., Brade A.-M. Nothing Is As Practical As a Good Theory: What Communication Research Can Offer to the Practice of Political Communication [ώϩϸϳϯ ϳϡϫ ϮϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ: Ϙϳϯ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ] // The International Journal of Press/Politics. – 2011. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 508–522. 62 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 4. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϴϥϩϳ ϬϩϮϦϦϫ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϣϦϮϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϦϮϥϩϴϭϯϣ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩ϶ ϾϳϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ – ϲ ϣϼϥϦϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϸϡϲϳЀϭϩ (ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϫ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϭ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϥϡϲϳϲЀ, – ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϬЀ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϬЀ ϵϡϱϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϬЀ HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϬЀ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϱ.). ω, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., «ϥϬЀ ϮϦϲϫϯϮϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ»159. 5. ϏϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ, ϱϦϷϦϮϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. 6. ύϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ ϡϰϱϯϢϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ «ϰϱϯϩϤϱϼϣϡϮϩЀ», ϣϦϱϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ, ϩϮϯϪ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ. 7. υϯϣϯϥϫϡ, «ϹϬϩϵϯϣϫϡ» ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ (ϴϧϦ ϰϯ ϩϳϯϤϡϭ ϨϡϭϦϱϯϣ, ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϡϰϱϯϢϡϷϩϪ) ϳϦϯϱϩϩ. 8. ϕϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ «ϰϱϯϹϩϣϫϡ» ϾϳϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϯϬϽϵϤϡϮϤϴ υϯϮϲϢϡ϶ϴ ϩ ρϮϮ-ύϡϱϩ ςϱϾϪϥ, «ϳϦϯϱϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϡϮϳϡϤϯϮϩϨϭ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ, ϡ ϦЂ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϦЂ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϭ ϭϦϧϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϭ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯϭ… ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳ ϯϳ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ»160. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϺϡϦϭ ϲϣϯЂ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϳ ϮϦЀϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϥϴϭϡϦϭ ϯ «ϱϡϢϯϳϦ» ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ, ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ЀϣϮϼϭ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϲϭϯϧϦϭ ϢϼϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ161. 159 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. vii. 160 Donsbach W., Brade A.-M. Nothing Is As Practical As a Good Theory: What Communication Research Can Offer to the Practice of Political Communication [ώϩϸϳϯ ϳϡϫ ϮϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ: Ϙϳϯ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ] // The International Journal of Press/Politics. – 2011. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 508–522. – P. 509, 519. 161 Lynch E.A., Mudge A., Knowles S., et al. «There is nothing so practical as a good theory»: a pragmatic guide for selecting theoretical approaches for implementation projects [«ώϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ, ϸϦϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ»: ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ § 1.5. ϏϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 63 ϔϸϩϳϼϣϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϳϦϯϱϩЀ» (ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϡ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϡЀ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ) ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϫϯϮϣϦϮϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ-ЀϲϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯ ϯϧϩϥϡϳϽ ϬЂϤϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϬϩϷϡϭϩ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯ όϿϫϴ ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ ϥϦ σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤϴ, «ϲϡϭϡЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϡЀ, ϱϡϨϣϩϳϡЀ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϯϲϣϦϺϡϦϳ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϬϩϹϽ ϯϳϸϡϲϳϩ»162. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϳϱϦϮϥ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀϹϮϦϤϯ ϥϮЀ. ϣϼϢϯϱϴ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ] // Health Services Research. – 2018. – Vol. 18. – ࠪ 1. – P. 857–868. – P. 858. 162 σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤ, ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ, ϥϦ ό. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ. ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϼ / ϐϦϱ. ϟ.ς. ϋϯϱϮϦϦϣϡ ϩ Ϟ.ό. όϩϮϦϷϫϯϪ; ϯϳϣ. ϱϦϥ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ., ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭ. ώ.ρ. χϩϱϭϴϮϲϫϯϪ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1988. – 440 ϲ. – ϒ. 45. 64 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϕϡϫϳ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϦϤϯ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ. ϔϭϢϦϱϳϯ Ϟϫϯ. ύϡЀϳϮϩϫ ϕϴϫϯ163. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ σ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩЀ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϱЀϥϡ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶, ϲϭϦϧϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ. σ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϲϳϯϩϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ. υϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϴ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϮϡϮϩϨϼϣϡЀ ϢϴϲϩϮϼ Ϯϡ Ϯϩϳϫϴ, ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϩ϶ ϯϥϩϮ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ Ϯϩϫϡϫϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϲϮϡϢϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ («ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϵϯϱϭϼ», ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϮϦ ϣ Ϯϩ϶). Ϟϳϯ ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. ϔϣϼ, ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϲϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ, ϢϦϨϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϥϡϿϳϲЀ (ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ) Ϩϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϮϦϪ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ, ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϨϩϩ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ, ϥϦϲϫϡϳϽ, ϯϮϩ ϰϩϹϴϳ Ϯϡ «ϭϼϲϬЀϺϦϤϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϲϡϭ ϰϱϦϫϱϡϲϮϯ ϱϡϨϢϦϱЂϳϲЀ». ώϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϩ «ϱϡϨϢϦϱϴϳϲЀ» ϰϯ-ϱϡϨϮϯϭϴ, ϡ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϴϲϯϭϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ; ϣϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩЀϭ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ Ϲϩϱϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϱ. σ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϯ ϣϼϥϡϿϳϲЀ Ϩϡ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϣ ϯϥϩϮ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ «ϲϣϡϬϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ» ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ, ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ Ϯϩϫϡϫ (ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯЂϭ) ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϿ ϵϡϫϳϼ, ϫϯϮϵϩϤϴϱϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ «ϢϴϪϲϳϣϡ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ» 163 Eco U. Il pendolo di Foucault [ύϡЀϳϮϩϫ ϕϴϫϯ]. – Milano: Romanzo Bompiani, 1988. § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 65 ϩϬϩ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϪ ϱϡϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϯϪ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϣ, ϲ ϰϱϩϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲ ϰϱϩϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩЂϭϡ ϰϯϥϭϦϮϼ ϵϡϫϳϡ ϭϮϦϮϩϦϭ. ϐϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϷϩϦϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϡϣϹϡЀ «ϭϯϥϮϯϪ» ϩϮϵϯϤϱϡϵϩϫϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ϋϡϱϬϡ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϡ, «ϰϱϦϣϱϡϳϩϬϡϲϽ ϣ “ϣϦϲЂϬϼϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ”, ϰϱϩϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϡϱϯϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϦϱϼ, ϡ ϮϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϔ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϤϱϡϵϩϫϩ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϮϩϨϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ [ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ Ϯϩ϶] ϸϦϱϮϩϬ»164. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ – ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϩ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϳ ϲϫϴϥϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϦϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ, ϲϡϭϯϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϰϡϱϡϤϱϡϵϦ Ϯϡϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩ Ϩϡϰϴϲϫϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ («smart-») ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡϭϩ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩЀϭϩ. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϙϩϱϯϫϯ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϦ ϮϼϮϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϴϲϬϴϤϩ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϩϲϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϯϪ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϥϱ. ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ-ϳϡϫϩ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϲϰϱЀϤϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ϑϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ, ϰϯ ω. όϾϮϤϭϿϱϴ, ϰϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ (ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ)165. 164 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 177. 165 όϾϮϤϭϿϱ ω. ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϣ ϵϩϨϩϫϦ ϩ ϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϶ϩϭϩϩ // ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϶ϩϭϩϩ: ϒϢ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϯϣ / ϑϦϥ. ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϟ.ω. ϒϯϬϯϣϽϦϣϡ ϩ ώ.ω. ϑϯϥϮϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1971. – 229 ϲ. – ϒ. 115. 66 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 2. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ «ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ» ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϫ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϮϡϹϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϮϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϬϡϲϽ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ» ϩ «ϵϡϫϳ», ϯϢϱϡϳϩϭϲЀ ϫ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩϭϲЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀϭ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ. ϋϡϫ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ό.ϕ. ρϰϳ, ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ», ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϦЂ ϳϯϬϫϴϿϳ ϰϯ-ϲϣϯϦϭϴ, ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϴ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ166. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯ-ϰϱϦϧϮϦϭϴ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϣ 1964 Ϥϯϥϴ ϐ.σ. ϋϯϰϮϩϮϼϭ: «Ϙϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϵϡϫϳ, ϸϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϭ Ϯϡϴϫϩ? ώϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϮϦϳ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϱϡϨϴϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ. ϐϯϱϯϪ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦϭ ϵϡϫϳϡ – ϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϣϦϺϩ, ϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϦЂ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡ»167. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ – ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϢϦϨ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϢϦϨ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ168. ϕϡϫϳ – ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ169. ϕϡϫϳ – ϰϱϯϣϦϱϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ; ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϦ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϦϥϹϦϦ170. ϕϡϫϳ – 1. ωϲϳϩϮϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ, ϰϱϯϩϲϹϦϲϳϣϩϦ, ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ. 2. ϑϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ. 3. ϔϰϯϳϱϦϢϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ «ϣϦϱϮϯ», «ϮϦϲϯϭϮϦϮϮϯ», «ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ», «ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ»171. ϕϡϫϳ (ϯϳ Ϭϡϳ. factum – ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϯϦ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϩϣϹϦϦϲЀ) – 1) ϣ ϯϢϼϸϮϯϭ ϲϬϯϣϯϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩϩ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϩϲϳϩϮϡ», «ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ», «ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ»; 2) ϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϵϡϫϳ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ172. 166 ρϰϳ ό.ϕ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ: ϋϴϱϲ ϬϦϫϷϩϪ. – ύ.: ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩϪ Ϥϯϲ. ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳ ϰϱϡϣϯϲϴϥϩЀ, 2017. – 136 ϲ. – ϒ. 25. 167 ϋϯϰϮϩϮ ϐ.σ. όϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϦЂ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ // σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ. – 1964. – ࠪ 3. – ϒ. 59–68. – ϒ. 65. 168 ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: σ 4-϶ ϳ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϐ. φϣϤϦϮϽϦϣϯϪ / ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ. 3-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰ. ϓ. IV: ϒ – Ϡ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, 1988. – 797 ϲ. – ϒ. 549. 169 ϓϯϰϱϯϣϦϱ τ., ϋϩϲϦϬϦϣ ϒ. ρϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ // <https://www.osp.ru/os/2 011/05/13009439>. – 16.06.2011. 170 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 323. 171 ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: σ 4-϶ ϳ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϐ. φϣϤϦϮϽϦϣϯϪ / ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ. 3-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰ. ϓ. IV: ϒ – Ϡ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, 1988. – 797 ϲ. – ϒ. 548. 172 ϑϡϫϩϳϯϣ ρ. ϕϡϫϳ // ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ / τϬϡϣϮϼϪ ϱϦϥ. ϕ.σ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϞϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ, 1970. ϓ. 5. – 740 ϲ. – ϒ. 298. § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 67 ϕϡϫϳ – 1) ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϩϲϳϩϮϡ», «ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ», «ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ»; ϮϦϸϳϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϭϴ; ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ, ϦϥϩϮϩϸϮϯϦ ϣ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ; 2) ϣ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ – ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ. ϋϡϫ ϵϯϱϭϡ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϦ173. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵ – ϳϯϳ, ϫϳϯ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϢϦϨ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϢϦϨ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϢϦϨ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ174. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ (ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϪ), ЀϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ (ϰϴϮϫϳ 3.7 τϏϒϓ ϑ 7.0.66-2010 175). ϐϯϥ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ (ϣ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϩ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ), Ϯϯ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ. ϓϡϫ, ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϪ, ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϯϣ176. ρ.ω. ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣ, ρ.ω. ϘϦϱϮϼϪ ϩ ϑ.ϒ. τϩϬЀϱϦϣϲϫϩϪ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϩ ϵϡϫϳϡ ϫϡϫ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ: – ϵϡϫϳϼ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϯϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϳ ϩ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ, ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ, ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬЀ ϩ ϳ.ϰ., ϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϾϬϩϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣ «ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ» ϩ «ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ», ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡϱЀ϶, ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϿ «ϥϡϮϮϼϦ», ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϿ «ϵϡϫϳ»; 173 ώϩϫϩϵϯϱϯϣ ρ.ό. ϕϡϫϳ // ώϯϣϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ: σ 4 ϳ. / ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ϑρώ, ώϡϷ. ϯϢϺ.-ϮϡϴϸϮ. ϵϯϮϥ; ϰϱϦϥϲ. ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϱϦϥ. ϲϯϣϦϳϡ σ.ϒ. ϒϳϦϰϩϮ. ϓ. IV: ϓ – Ϡ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 2010. – 736 ϲ. – ϒ. 157. 174 ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: σ 4-϶ ϳ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϐ. φϣϤϦϮϽϦϣϯϪ / ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ. 3-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰ. ϓ. IV: ϒ – Ϡ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, 1988. – 797 ϲ. – ϒ. 549. 175 τϏϒϓ ϑ 7.0.66-2010 (ωϒϏ 5963:1985). ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϕϦϥϦϱϡϷϩϩ «ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϢϩϢϬϩϯϳϦϸϮϯϭϴ ϩ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭϴ ϥϦϬϴ. ωϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϏϢϺϩϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳϮϯϭϴ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ». – ύ.: ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϮϵϯϱϭ, 2019. – 11 ϲ. – ϒ. 2. 176 ϒϯϬϯϣϽϦϣ σ.ω., ϑЀϢϩϮϩϮϡ ώ.ψ. ϑϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϳϡϳϽϩ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ // <http://www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/RedPodgotPeriodIzd/rper-izd021.htm>. 68 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϵϡϫϳϯϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϣϼϥϦϱϧϡϬϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϴ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϯ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ; – ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϬϿϢϯϪ ϵϡϫϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϩ; – ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ177. ϐϯ σ.ς. ςϡϱϡ϶ϮϩϮϴ ϩ ρ.ύ. ϕϦϥϯϳϯϣϴ, ϰϱϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ «ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϡ: ϣ϶ϯϥЀϺϡЀ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϩϸϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϏϳϲϿϥϡ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϼϳϦϫϡϦϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩϦ: ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϭ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ»178. ϒϴϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϡ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ ϐϬϾϳϳϡ: «σϨЀϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶, ϲϡϭ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ, ϩ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϩϣ ϩ϶ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ, ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϦ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ЀϲϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ… ϕϡϫϳ ϫϡϫ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϩϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϡϬϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ, ϦϲϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ ϲ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ»179. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϾϣϩϥϴ ϏϭϡϮϥϴ, «ϵϡϫϳϼ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϩ… ϏϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ, ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϮϦЀϣϮϯ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϣϼϢϱϡϬϩ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ Ϯϡϭ ϮϱϡϣϩϳϲЀ, ϩ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϦ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ… ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϵϡϫϳϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ… σϼϢϯϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϪϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮ ϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ. ϕϡϫϳϼ ϮϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϲϡϭϩ Ϩϡ ϲϦϢЀ ϩ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϩϭϦϿϳ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϩ ϣϼϢϯϱϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ 177 ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣ ρ.ω., ϘϦϱϮϼϪ ρ.ω., τϩϬЀϱϦϣϲϫϩϪ ϑ.ϒ. ώϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϡ. – ύ: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 436 ϲ. – ϒ. 134–135, 81. 178 ςϡϱϡ϶ϮϩϮ σ.ς., ϕϦϥϯϳϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ // <conf.nsc.ru/files/conferences/Lyap100/fulltext/77904/77905/ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ%20ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ%20ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ.pdf>. 179 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 80, 84. § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 69 ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ. ϋϯϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϩ϶ ϰϱЀϭϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ»180. 3. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ (ϩϬϩ ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ) Ϯϯϲϩϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ, ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϼ 181 ϵϡϫϳϯϣ . ω ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲЀϫϯϦ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϮϦ ϣϲЀϫϡЀ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϧϯϾϬЀ ύϯϫϩϱϡ, «ϾϬϬϩϮϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϷϩϣϩϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϬϡ ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϩϿ ϐϳϯϬϦϭϦЀ, Ϯϯ, ϰϯ-ϣϩϥϩϭϯϭϴ, ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϬϡ ϦЂ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϣϩϤϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ; ϩ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϯϰϳϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϣϬϩЀϬϯ Ϯϡ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϢϩϮϯϫϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϯϸϫϯϣ»182. ωϭϦϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ (ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ) ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ, ϴϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϳϯ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ, ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ «ϰϦϱϦϰϬϡϣϫϡ»), ϬϩϢϯ ϩϮϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϥϦϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ, ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϫϡϫϩϭ-ϳϯ ϩϥϦЀϭ (ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡϭ). ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ρ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϼ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϡ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ183. 180 ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 49, 53, 79 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). 181 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 21. 182 Mokyr J. The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy [υϡϱϼ ρϵϩϮϼ: ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϲϳϯϫϩ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ]. – Princeton (New Jersey, USA): Princeton University Press, 2005. – xiii; 359 p. – P. 18. 183 ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣ ρ. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϿ // ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – ϒ. 5–22. – ϒ. 8. 70 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, ϯϥϮϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϥϡϿϳ Ϯϡϭ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϧϩϨϮϽ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ184. ϒϡϭϴϾϬϽ ϞϬϩϯϳ ύϯϱϩϲϯϮ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ώϦ ϣϦϱϽϳϦ ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯϭϴ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ, ϸϳϯ “ϵϡϫϳϼ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϲϡϭϩ Ϩϡ ϲϦϢЀ”... ϐϦϱϦϰϩϹϩϳϦ ϣϲϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϡϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϼ, ϩ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϦ ϩ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϦ»185.186 υϬЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. 4. ύϦϲϳϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ όϿϢϯϪ ϳϦϨϩϲ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϿ – ϰϯϥϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ Ͼϳϡ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ187. ω ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦϱϡϨϱϼϣϮϯ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϡ ϲ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦϭϩϮϴϦϭϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ (ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϩ ϫϡϫ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩ ϫϡϫ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϩϲϳϯϱϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ, ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϲϭϦϧϮϡЀ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϦϭϡЀ ϲ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ. 184 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 87. 185 Morison S.E. Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Life of Christopher Columbus [ρϥϭϩϱϡϬ ϯϫϦϡϮϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϯϱЀ: ϧϩϨϮϽ ϖϱϩϲϳϯϵϯϱϡ ϋϯϬϴϭϢϡ]. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1942. Vol. 1. – xlv; 448 p. Vol. 2. – vii; 445 p. 186 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 87. 187 ϓϯϰϱϯϣϦϱ τ., ϋϩϲϦϬϦϣ ϒ. ρϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ // <https://www.osp.ru/os/2011/05/13009439>. – 16.06.2011. § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 71 5. ϒϵϦϱϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ; ϲϡϭϯϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϋϡϫ ϴϧϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϣϼϹϦ, ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϩ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϳ ϲϫϴϥϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ Ͼϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ, ϸϳϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫ (ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩЀ) ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫϴϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϩ ϲϳϡϣϩϬ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϿ, ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϴϧϦ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϿ. υϬЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϷϦϬϦϣϼϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ (ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϨϣϦϮϡ), ϰϯϤϱϴϧЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ (ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϿ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩϨ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ, ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ), ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϴ, ϲϯϣϭϦϺϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϭϴ ϲϦϫϳϯϱϴ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϲϣϯϥϯϣ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϫ ϩ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϯϣ, ϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϦϦϲϳϱϡ϶ ϩ ϱϦϰϯϨϩϳϯϱϩЀ϶. ω ϥϬЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϼ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ188. ςϼϣϡϦϳ ϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ – ϥϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ, ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ, ϣ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϦϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ (ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϡϭ Ͼϳϯϳ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϩ ϥϩϨϡϪϮ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲ Ϯϩϭ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ). σ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϬϩϹϽ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϯϪ – ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϡЀ (ϲ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϭϩ ϰϯϬЀϭϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϮϦ ϰϯϥϥϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ. 188 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϐϩϣϯϣϡϱϯϣϡ ό.ύ. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. ϒϦϱ. 9. – 2010. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 190–197. ϋϴϬϩϫ ϒ.υ. ϞϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ // ςϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ. – 2015. – ϓ. 22. – ࠪ 3. – ϒ. 85–90. ςϡϱϡ϶ϮϩϮ σ.ς., ϐϡϲϳϴϹϫϯϣ ω.ϒ. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ώϯϣϯϲϩϢϩϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. ϒϦϱ. «ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ». – 2015. – ϓ. 13. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 5–13. 72 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥϴ ϋϣϦϪϥϴ, ϥϡϧϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϲϢϯϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ189. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ό.ύ. ϐϩϣϯϣϡϱϯϣϯϪ, ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϭ ϳϩϰϯϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϣϩϥϡ «ϯϢϻϦϫϳ – ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ» (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϳϯϣϡϱ – ϷϦϮϡ, ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ – ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϳ.ϰ.) ϩϬϩ «ϯϢϻϦϫϳ – ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ» (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ – ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϽ)190. ψϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϫϡϫ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮϮϡЀ ϭϦϱϡ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϦ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϸϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϿϳ σ.ς. ςϡϱϡ϶ϮϩϮ ϩ ρ.ύ. ϕϦϥϯϳϯϣ, ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ (ϰϴϲϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϮϦϥϣϴϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ191. ϒϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ϶, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϭ ρ.ω. ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣϼϭ, ρ.ω. ϘϦϱϮϼϭ ϩ ϑ.ϒ. τϩϬЀϱϦϣϲϫϩϭ ϥϣϴϭ ϳϩϰϡϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ: 1) ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ϶ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; 2) ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ192. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ, ϲ 1970-϶ Ϥϯϥϯϣ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϯϫ193. 189 ϋϣϦϪϥ Ϟ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. Ϟ. ϋϣϦϪϥϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 243. 190 ϐϩϣϯϣϡϱϯϣϡ ό.ύ. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. ϒϦϱ. 9. – 2010. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 190–197. – ϒ. 192. 191 ςϡϱϡ϶ϮϩϮ σ.ς., ϕϦϥϯϳϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ // <conf.nsc.ru/files/conferences/Lyap100/fulltext/77904/77905/ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ%20ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ%20ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ.pdf>. 192 ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣ ρ.ω., ϘϦϱϮϼϪ ρ.ω., τϩϬЀϱϦϣϲϫϩϪ ϑ.ϒ. ώϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϡ. – ύ: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 436 ϲ. – ϒ. 133, 132. 193 ϒϯϫϯϬϯϣ υ.υ., ρϱ϶ϡϮϤϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ω.ρ., ϋϡϬϩϮϩϮ σ.ϕ. ϩ ϥϱ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϰϯ ϡϳϯϭϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ // ύϡϳϦϱ. υϦϣЀϳϯϤϯ ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱ. ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱϡ ϲϳϱϡϮ-ϸϬϦϮϯϣ ϒϞσ ϰϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϳϯϭϮϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ (17–21.10.1983) / τϯϲ. ϫϯϭϩϳϦϳ ϰϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϡϳϯϭϮϯϪ ϾϮϦϱϤϩϩ ϒϒϒϑ; ϗώωωϡϳϯϭϩϮϵϯϱϭ. – ύ.: ϗώωωϡϳϯϭϩϮϵϯϱϭ, 1984. – 160 ϲ. – ϒ. 3–9. § 1.6. ϕϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 73 ϒϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϫϱϩϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϤϦϯϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϼϦ (ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩϬϩ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϭϡϬϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϼ. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ (ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϢϯϱ) ϩ ϰϯϥϢϯϱ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϳϱϴϥϯϨϡϳϱϡϳ (ϴϲϩϬϩϪ), ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϱϯϿ ϭϯϧϦϳ ЀϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, (ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϴϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϦϪ194, ϢϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϡϳϡϬϯϤϯϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. σ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϵϡϫϳ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϡ ϣ ϲϣϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ (Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ), ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϼϪ ϵϡϫϳ (ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ) ϣ ϢϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϬϩϷϡ (ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ). ϋ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϼ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ (ϦϲϬϩ ϣ ϸϩϲϳϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ – ϢϦϨ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ). ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ό.ϕ. ρϰϳ, ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϼ϶ ϮϯϲϩϳϦϬЀ϶, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ (ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶) ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϣ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼ϶ ϢϡϨϡ϶195. 194 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϒϯϬϯϣϽЂϣ ρ.ρ. ϒϰϯϱϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯ: ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ / ϋϯϭϩϲ. ϰϯ ϲϰϯϱϳ. ϰϱϡϣϴ ρϲϲϯϷ. Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ. – ύ., 2009. – 178 ϲ. ύϯϱ϶ϡϳ ϐ.ύ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ. ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ: ςϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽ. – ύ.: ϟϮϩϳϩ-υϡϮϡ, 2018. – 131 ϲ. ρϱϩϲϳϯϣ φ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϦ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϯ. ςϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ: ϔϸ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. – ύ.: ϟϮϩϳϩ-υϡϮϡ: ψϡϫϯϮ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯ, 2016. – 79 ϲ. ϗϦϱϫϯϣϮϯϦ ϫϡϮϯϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯ; ϢϯϤϯϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϩ ϳϦϯϬϯϤϩЀ; ϷϦϱϫϯϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϳϯϱϩЀ, ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ, ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϧϩϨϮϽ; Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϯ, ϗϦϱϫϯϣϽ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯ; ϵϩϬϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ, ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ ϩ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϩϲϳϩϫϡ: ώϡϴϸϮϯϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ ϥϯ 1917 Ϥϯϥϡ / ϒϯϲϳ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ.: ωϲϩϥϯϱ, ϭϩϳϱϯϰϯϬϩϳ ϒϭϯϬϦϮϲϫϩϪ ϩ υϯϱϯϤϯϢϴϧϲϫϩϪ (ϓϴϰϩϫϩϮ ϑ.σ.), σϬϡϥϩϲϬϡϣ ςϡϤϡϮ, ϲϣЀϺ. / ϒϭϯϬϦϮϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϲϬϡϣϮϡЀ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϡЀ ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱϩЀ. – ϒϭϯϬϦϮϲϫ – ύ.: ϒϣϩϳϯϫ, 2020. – 176 ϲ. 195 ρϰϳ ό.ϕ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ: ϋϴϱϲ ϬϦϫϷϩϪ. – ύ.: ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩϪ Ϥϯϲ. ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳ ϰϱϡϣϯϲϴϥϩЀ, 2017. – 136 ϲ. – ϒ. 24. 74 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 6. ψϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϦϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ» ϰϱϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϰϯϸϫϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϲϱϦϥϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϸϦϤϯ-ϳϯ ϮϦ ϶ϣϡϳϡϳϽ, ϩ (ϳϡϫ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ) ϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ196. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ – ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϪ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ197. σ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϦϥϹϦϤϯ, ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϣ ϵϡϫϳϡ϶, ϯϢϱϡϨϡ϶, ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϣϦϫϳϯϱϡ϶, ϡϫϷϦϮϳϡ϶, Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ) ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϭϯϨϡϩϸϮϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϭϯϨϡϩϫϡ ϲϯϹϬϡϲϽ. 196 ρϱ϶ϩϣ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ. υϱϡϤϡϬϩϮϡ-ϘϦϱϮϡЀ φ.τ. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ: ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ: υϩϲ. ϥϯϫϳ. ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵ. Ϯϡϴϫ: 09.00.01 / ύϐτϔ. – ύ., 2000. 197 § 1.7. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 75 § 1.7. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ σ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϴϧϦ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬϩ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩЀ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϱЀϥϡ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶, ϲϭϦϧϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ. ϐϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϴ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ (ϩϬϩ ϴϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϪ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶), ϯϥϩϮ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ Ϯϩϫϡϫϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϲϮϡϢϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ («ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϵϯϱϭϼ», ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ – ϮϦ ϣ Ϯϩ϶). ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϸϡϲϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϦϪ ϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϱϤϡϮϼ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ «ϲϣϡϬϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϴϸϴ» ϳϡϫϩϦ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϲϲϼϬϫϩ Ϯϡ Ϯϯϱϭϼ ϢϦϨ ϭϡϬϦϪϹϩ϶ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϲ ϭϡϬϯϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϢϦϨϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϨϩϦϪ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ «ϳϡϭ ϲϡϭϩ ϱϡϨϢϦϱϴϳϲЀ». Ϟϳϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϰϲϦϣϥϯ-ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϡ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϲϼϬϯϫ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ Ϯϯϱϭϼ (Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ Ϯϯϱϭ) ϬϩϢϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϪ ϳϡϫϩ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ Ϥϱϴϰϰ, ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϴ ϬϩϷϡ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϦϤϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ. ψϥϦϲϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ» (ϩ «ϨϡϫϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ») ϭϯϧϦϳ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϩϮϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ – ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ (ϿϱϩϥϩϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ198 (ϯϳ ϥϱ. -ϤϱϦϸ. ͥͳ͞ͻ – «ϰϩϹϴ»; ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϯϲϬϯϣϮϯ «ϮϯϱϭϯϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ»), ϢϯϬϦϦ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ – «Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϯ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϯ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ», «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ϶ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϦЂ ϣϩϥϡ϶, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ϶, ϰϱϩЂϭϡ϶ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ϶ 198 ϔϹϡϫϯϣ ρ.ρ. Ϗ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ, ϦЂ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ϶ // ϐϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ. – 1975. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 20–25. υϦϭϩϥϯϣϡ ω.ρ. ώϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ: ϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϡ ϑϦϲϰϴϢϬϩϫϩ ςϦϬϡϱϴϲϽ «Ϗ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϡ϶» // σϦϲϮЇϫ ύϡϤЇϬЂЏϲϫϡϤϡ ϥϨЀϱϧϡЏϮϡϤϡ ЏϮЇϣϦϱϲЇϳϾϳϡ ЇϭЀ ρ.ρ. ϋϴϬЀϹϯϣϡ. ϒϦϱ. D: ϞϫϡϮϯϭЇϫϡ, ϲϡϷϼЀϬϯϤЇЀ, ϰϱϡϣϡ. – 2020. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 110–114. 76 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ»199. ϖϯϳЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϭϼ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϿ ϮϦ ϫϡϫ Ϯϯϱϭϯ-ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ (ϮϦ ϯϳϱϩϷϡЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡ), ϡ ϫϡϫ Ϯϯϱϭϯ-ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ (ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ ϧϦ ϥϱ. -ϤϱϦϸ. ͥͳ͞ͻ – ϰϱϯϸϩϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ «ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿ»; ϫϡϫ ϤϦϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ «ϰϩϹϴ», ϡ ϯϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ «ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿ»). ϋϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϦϪ (ϲϭ. ϣϼϹϦ), ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ (ϫϡϫ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ) ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϩ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϳ ϲϫϴϥϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ (ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϩ ϫϡϫ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩ ϫϡϫ ϦЂ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ. ϓϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮ ϰϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϩ ϲϳϡϣϩϬ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ, ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϴϧϦ Ϩϡ ϲϡϭϩϭ ϲϯϢϯϿ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϨϡϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϯ ϱЀϥϴ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϡЀ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϡ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ (ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ) ϩϨ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, τϏϒϓϯϣ). σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϷϦϮϮϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϴϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϡϮϲϡϭϢϬЀϭϩ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ, ϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬЀ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϴ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ, ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴЀ ϩ ϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬЀ, ϩ ϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϨϡϳϱϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ ϢϦϨ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϯϮϳϯϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϩ ϩ϶ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶, ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶, ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϯϢϺϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. 199 ρϱϨϡϭϡϲϯϣ ϟ.τ., υϡϣϼϥϯϣϡ ύ.ό., ψϱϡϧϦϣϲϫϡЀ ϓ.υ., ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ ϥϬЀ ϣϴϨϯϣ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.τ. ρϱϨϡϭϡϲϯϣϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϩϲϰϱ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: ϟϱϡϪϳ, 2020. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 25, 10. § 1.7. ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 77 ώϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ (ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϩϭϦϳϽ) ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ. σ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ (Ϩϡ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϭ, ϫϡϫ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϹϫϯϬϼ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϲϬϦϥϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϡ) ϮϡϴϸϮϯϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϴϧ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ) ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ (ϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ, ϹϩϱϦ, ϰϱϡϣϯϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ) ϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϡϫ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. Ϟϳϯ – «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ» ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϦϤϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϡЀ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϡЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϡЀ (ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ) ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ (ϲ ϰϱϦϣϡϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳϯϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϭϡϬϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ (ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. ώϯ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϧϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϬ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳ. ω Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ. ώϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀ Ϯϡ ϲϯϩϲϫϡϮϩϦ ϴϸЂϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϥϯϫϳϯϱϡ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϷϩϳϡϳϮϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ ϩϨ ϳϱϴϥϯϣ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ (ϦϲϬϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϱϦϸϽ ϮϦ ϩϥЂϳ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϢ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϲϬϦϥϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ) ϲ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϱЀϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ Ϯϯϱϭϡϭ ϰϱϡϣϡ (ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϫ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ), ϫ ϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϫ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩϭϩ ϣ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀ Ϯϡ ϲϯϩϲϫϡϮϩϦ ϴϸЂϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϥϯϫϳϯϱϡ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, ϮϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ϶ ϣ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡ϶ ϩ ϲ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡϭϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϲϡϭ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ) ϣ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ ϣϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϱϦϥϫϩϪ, ϭϡϬϯϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϪ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼϪ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϫϳ ϩϬϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϪ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϱϦϧϩϭ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϣ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ ϲ ϱϦϥϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϣ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϨ ϴϧϦ ϯϳϲϳϯЀϺϦϪ 78 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϯϡ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϳϯϬϦϳϩЀ ϯϳ ϮϡϹϦϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ͼϰϯ϶ϩ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϯϳϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ. ϒϳϯϬϽ ϧϦ ϷϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϯϤϯ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϡ, ϰϦϱϦϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϲ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϦ ϣ ϲϦϳϩ ωϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ, Ϯϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩЀ. § 1.8. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 79 § 1.8. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϖϯϱϯϹϡЀ, ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϲϬϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ200. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ύϡϫϤϡϮϮϴ, ϭϼ ϧϩϣЂϭ ϣ ϮϦϲϰϯϫϯϪϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϯϪ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϼ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϭϼϲϬϩϭϯϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϭϱϡϸϮϯϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϤϱϡϮϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϩ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϯϪ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϭ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϭ ϩ ϢϯϤϡϳϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϭϩϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϬϩϷϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϑϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϡϭ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϴϧϮϡ ϢϡϨϯϣϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϯ ϭϩϱϦ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϯϮϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϿϳ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϳϦϫϴϺϡЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϡ϶ ϩ ϩ϶ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϡ϶ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ϶. υϬЀ ϬϩϷ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϬϡϣϩϮϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ЀϣϮϼϪ ϦЂ ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϫ. υϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϬϩϷϡ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϦϭ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϢϦϲϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϪ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϰϯϱϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϦЂ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀϦϳ. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϩϬЀ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϦЂ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯ ϩϬϩ ϡϥϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϦϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϪ. υϱϴϤϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϯϮϡ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϱϡϥϩϫϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϣϯϨϨϱϦϮϩϪ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϦЂ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ώϯ ϣ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶ ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭϴ ϭϩϱϴ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϼ ϣϲЂ ϸϡϺϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϫ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϴϸϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ201. 200 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 91. 201 McGann J.G. Think Tanks and the Transnationalization of Foreign Policy [ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // <https://web.archive.org/web/20110629131900/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/thinktanks.2002 1216.mcgann.transnationalforeignpolicy.html>. – 16.12.2002. 80 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϕϡϢϱϩϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϩϮϡϸϦ ϩ϶ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϦϺЂ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϭϩ, «ϵϡϢϱϩϫϡϭϩ ϩϥϦϪ», «ϭϯϨϤϯϣϼϭϩ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϭϩ», «ϭϯϨϤϯϣϼϭϩ ϳϱϦϲϳϡϭϩ», «ϵϡϢϱϩϫϡϭϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ»; ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «laboratoire d'idées» ϩϬϩ «groupe de réflexion»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «laboratorio de ideas»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «thinktanks» ϩϬϩ «brains trust») – ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯ-ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ (ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϼ, ϦЂ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϡϣϳϯϮϯϭϮϼϪ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣ), ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϺϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ, ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ ϩϬϩ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯϭϴ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ). ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫ ϨϥϦϲϽ – ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ, ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϱϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϲϢϯϱ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϡ ϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϱϦϲϴϱϲ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. υϬЀ ϲϰϱϡϣϫϩ, ϫ 1976 Ϥϯϥϴ (Ϩϡ 20 ϬϦϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ) ϯϢϻЂϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϲϯϨϥϡϬϡ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩЀ «ϑϞώυ» (ϲ ϦЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϳϼϲЀϸϽϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫϯϣ), ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϬ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ 11 ϳϼϲЀϸ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϯϣ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ «ϢϦϲϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϷϩϩ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡϧϩ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϺϡϮϩЀ»202. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ω.ό. ϙϦϪϥϩϮϯϪ, «ϵϡϢϱϩϫϡ ϭϼϲϬϩ» – ϮϡϴϸϮϯϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϦ ϴϸϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϩϬЀ, «ϥϴϭϡϿϺϦϦ» Ϯϡ ϨϡϫϡϨ, ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϫϳϴ203. ϐϯ ϞϮϥϱϿ ϑϩϸϴ, ϵϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼϦ, ϮϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶, ϮϦϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϳ ϩϥϦϩ (ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϯϰϼϳϦ ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶), ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϩ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ204. τϬϡϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϵϡϢϱϩϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϯϢϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ: ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϼ, ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϼ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϬϡϮϼ, ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϣϯϥϫϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϰϱϯϲϳϴ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ205. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϫϯϢϴ ϒϯϬϬϴ, ϣ φϣϱϯϰϦ ϩϲϳϯϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ (ϵϡϢϱϩϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϣϯϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϫ IX ϣϦϫϴ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϑ.ϖ., ϫϯϤϥϡ ϴ 202 υϩϫϲϯϮ ϐ. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1976. – 421 ϲ. – ϒ. 32–33. ϙϦϪϥϩϮϡ ω.ό. ϒϙρ: «ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ» Ϯϡ ϲϬϴϧϢϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1973. – 192 ϲ. – ϒ. 16. 204 Rich A. Think Tanks, Public Policy, and the Politics of Expertise [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϼ, ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϼ]. – New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. – xii; 258 p. – P. 11. 205 υϩϫϲϯϮ ϐ. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1976. – 421 ϲ. – ϒ. 34. 203 § 1.8. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 81 ϣϬϡϲϳϩϳϦϬϦϪ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ ϰϯЀϣϩϬϡϲϽ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϷϩЀ϶. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩЀ ϮϡϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϼ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼ϶ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϮϡϱ϶ϯϣ ϰϯ ϰϯϣϯϥϴ ϩ϶ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϱϯϤϡϳϩϣ ϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϋϡϱϬϴ σϦϬϩϫϯϭϴ – ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϣϰϬϯϳϽ ϥϯ XVII ϣϦϫϡ. ϖϯϳЀ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ» ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭ, ϦϤϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϬϦϥϩϳϽ ϥϯ ϤϴϭϡϮϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϪ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϲϦϳϦϪ XVI ϩ XVII ϣϦϫϯϣ. ϏϫϲϵϯϱϥϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϡϮϤϬϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ ϫϡϫ «Ϥϱϴϰϰϴ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ, ϫϡϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϴϿ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϿ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϴϿ ϲϯϣϦϳϼ ϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ [ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ] ϩϬϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭ». σ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϱЀ ϐϽϦϱϡ ϑϩϹϦϬϦ ϯϳ 1686 Ϥϯϥϡ (Pierre Richelet’s Dictionary) ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϬϡϲϽ ϫϡϫ «ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϤϥϦ ϬϿϥϩ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡϭϩ, ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϯϢ ϩ϶ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ». ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϑϩϹϦϬϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϬ «ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϡ» ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϭ ϰϯϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϭϴ – ϫϡϫ «ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ; ϮϦϰϱϦϣϨϯϪϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϸЂϭϳϯ: ϯϰϼϳϮϼϪ». ϒϬϯϣϡ «ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ» ϩ «ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ» ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϲ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭϩ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϲϳϡϬϩ ϯϢϼϸϮϼϭ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϫϯϮϷϦ XVI ϩ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ XVII ϣϦϫϯϣ, ϫϯϤϥϡ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϨϡϣϩϲϦϬϩ ϯϳ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼ϶ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩ϶ ϯϰϼϳϡ206. σϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϡ XX ϣϦϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϱϡϲϷϣϦϳϡ ϵϡϢϱϩϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ύϡϫϤϡϮϮϴ, ϥϣϦ ϳϱϦϳϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϣϹϩ϶ ϫ 2002 Ϥϯϥϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ ϢϼϬϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϼ ϰϯϲϬϦ 1970 Ϥϯϥϡ, ϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϼ – ϰϯϲϬϦ 1980 Ϥϯϥϡ207. Ϟϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ υϧϦϪϭϲ ύϡϫϤϡϮϮ, ϵϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϬϩ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϭϮϦϮϩϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϼ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩϩ. σ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϼ: ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϬϴϧϡϺϩϦ-ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϩϦ ϣ ϲϱϦϥϦ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϰϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϴ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϯϨϮϡϤϱϡϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ; ϲ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϫϯϮϵϩϤϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϣϦϳϡϦϳ ϣ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϪ ϩ ϫϯϭϵϯϱϳϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ 206 Soll J. How Think Tanks Became Engines of Royal Propaganda. And what their French origins, and their waning and rising relevance to the power structures over the centuries, say about the new Washington [ϋϡϫ ϵϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϳϡϬϩ ϥϣϩϤϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϫϯϱϯϬϦϣϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϰϡϤϡϮϥϼ…] // <https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/history/articles/think-tanks-jacobsoll-propaganda>. – 01.02.2017. 207 McGann J.G. Think Tanks and the Transnationalization of Foreign Policy [ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // <https://web.archive.org/web/20110629131900/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/thinktanks.2002 1216.mcgann.transnationalforeignpolicy.html>. – 16.12.2002. 82 τόρσρ 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ; ϬϴϸϹϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϩϳϽ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϷϦϬϩ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϼ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϴ, ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϰϱϩ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϦϮϩϩ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϢϡϱϽϦϱϯϣ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ: ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϸϦϭ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϴϸϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϥϬЀ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ Ϩϡ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϾϬϩϳϼ, ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ; ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϫϣϯϨϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϤϬϯϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ; ϬϴϸϹϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϲϯϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϯϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ; ϬϴϸϹϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ «ϳϦϬϦϲϫϯϰϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ» ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ – ϯϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ / ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ; ϬϴϸϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩЀ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϰϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϡϭ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ208. 208 McGann J.G. Think Tanks and the Transnationalization of Foreign Policy [ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // <https://web.archive.org/web/20110629131900/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/thinktanks.2002 1216.mcgann.transnationalforeignpolicy.html>. – 16.12.2002. § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 83 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.2. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.3. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.4. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.7. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.8. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.9. ϋϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ύϴϥϱϼϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϩϤ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϳ, ϫϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϥϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϨϴϸϩϳ ϣϲЂ, ϸϦϭ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫ, ϩ, ϲ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϨϡϺϩϳϩϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϯϳ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣ, ϡ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϦϤϯ ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϩ… όϴϸϹϩϪ ϩ ϭϴϥϱϼϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϩϤ… ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ… ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϮϦϴϥϡϸϴ ϩ ϮϦϢϬϡϤϯϰϱϩЀϳϮϼϪ ϩϲ϶ϯϥ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϣϲЂ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ… σϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ «Ϟϳϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ» ϮϦ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϦ ϰϯϬϫϯϣϯϥϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ… ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϫϯϮ ύϡϣϱϩϫϩЀ. ϋϮϩϤϩ VII ϩ VIII209. ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϴϭ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. ϑ.σ. ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϴϱϲ HUMINT ϥϬЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ210. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «l’analytique prédictive»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «predictive analytics»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica predictiva») – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϴϿ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϱϩϲϫϯϣ ϩ ϴϤϱϯϨ (ϣϼϨϯϣϯϣ), ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϩ ϥϣϩϧϴϺϩ϶ ϲϩϬ, ϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ, ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ (ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ) ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ, ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ, ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ 209 ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϫϯϮ ύϡϣϱϩϫϩЀ / ωϨϥ. ϰϯϥϤ. σ.σ. ϋϴϸϭϡ. – ϒϐϢ.: ρϬϦϳϦϪЀ, 2004. – 256 ϲ. – ϒ. 128, 156, 148. 210 ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ ϑ.σ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϴϱϲ HUMINT ϥϬЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. – ύ.: τϯϱЀϸϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ – ϓϦϬϦϫϯϭ, 2022. – 340 ϲ. – ϒ. 22. 84 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϢϴϥϴϺϦϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϩ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϯϣ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϭ ϭϩϱϦ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϦ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϩϢϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϣϼϲϯϫϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ – ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬ ϰϱϦϥϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϦϮϩϦ, (ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϣϡϧϦϮ ϮϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϡϲϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϨϦϱϷϡϮϩЀ, ϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ). σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϡ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϹϡϮϲϼ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϳϦϭϩ, ϸϳϯ ϢϼϬϩ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϼ211. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϣ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϣϩϥϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϪ («Ϙϳϯ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϪϳϩ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ?»); ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ («ϐϯϸϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϪϳϩ?»); ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϪ («Ϙϳϯ Ϯϡϭ ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ?»). ϋϡϫ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϦϹϡϿϳ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϮЂϭ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϩ ϰϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϩϭϦЀ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϦϢЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϳϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ͼϳϡϰϼ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ, ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϩϫϯϣϼ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϰϡϥϡ, ϲϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϮϩЀ) ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϲϰϯϮϳϡϮϮϯ, ϭϤϮϯϣϦϮϮϯ, ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ. ϒϷϦϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ (ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ) ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ, ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϣϦϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ), ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ ϰϱϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. Ϟϳϯϳ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϫϯϤϯϬϩϢϯ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ (ϲ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϭ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ), ϯϰϩϱϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ϶. 211 σϦϪϮϦϱ ύ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩϤϱ ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. Ϟ. ϋϣϦϪϥϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 320–321. § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 85 ϒϳϱϯϤϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϬϿϢϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ (϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϭϦϱϦ). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϞϥϣϩϮϴ ϟϥϧϩϮϴ ϙϣϩϦϮϴ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϬϯ Ϣϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ, ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϯϮϯ ϮϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϬϯ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ212. ϐϯ ρϮϡϳϯϬϿ ϑϡϰϯϰϯϱϳϴ, «ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϸϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϩϮϯϦ, ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϡϫϫϴϭϴϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϦ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ, ϣϬϩЀϦϳ Ϯϡ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ»213. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ – Ͼϳϯ «ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϬϩϢϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϬϩϢϯ ϥϦϬϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ»214. ώϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϮϡϢϩϱϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϲϦϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϯϳ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ Ϯϡϥϯ, ϩ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϴ ϒ.ρ. ϑϡϸϩϮϲϫϯϤϯ – ϮϦ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϯ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϭϴ «ϩϨϢϩϳϼϭϩ» ϨϡϥϡϸϮϩϫϡϭϩ, ϩϭϰϱϯϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣϲЂ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϿϺϦϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϲ ϲϩϬϡϭϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϲ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϯϭ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸ215). ώϯ ϢϦϨ ϲϡϭϯϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϦϭϴ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϯϢϴϸϡϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ρ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϬϯϤϯϭ ϫ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϣϡϬϡϭ ϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ώϡϢϩϱϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 2-1. 212 Schwien E.E. Combat Intelligence: Its Acquisition and Transmission [ςϯϦϣϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ: φЂ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϡ]. – Washington, Infantry Journal Press, 1936. 213 Rapoport A. Operational Philosophy, Integrating Knowledge and Action. [ϏϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ: ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ]. – New York: Harper and brothers publishers, 1953. – xi; 258 p. – P. 69. 214 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 102. 215 ϑϡϸϩϮϲϫiϪ ϒ.ρ. 1001 Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϥϬЀ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϡϤϯ ϲϸϦϳϡ: ϐϯϲϯϢiϦ ϥϬЀ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϲϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ϻ ϹϫϯϬϻ. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ϒϩϮϯϥϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϳϩϰϯϤϱϡϵiЀ, 1899. – 88 ϲ. – ϒ. 3. 86 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 2-1. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϮϦϪ216. ϒϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϡϿϺϩϪ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϩϷ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϢϦϨϴϰϱϦϸϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϱϡϨϢϩϣϡϬ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϣϥϱϦϢϦϨϤϩ, ϫϳϯ ϧ ϨϮϡϦϳ… ϋϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϴϸϩϬϩ, ϩ ϫϯϭϴ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϣϦϨЂϳ. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϮϦϲϯϭϮϦϮϮϯ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϫϱϡϳϩϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϴϳϽ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ (ϲ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ). ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀϭϩ «ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ», «ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ», «ϹϡϮϲ» ϩ ϳ.ϰ. ώϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϦϱϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ. ϔϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡ ϮϦϯϳϥϦϬϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ «ϬϯϣϴϹϫϩ» ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. 216 ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ – ϡϣϳϯϱϲϳϣϡ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϡ ϩϨ ϙϣϦϪϷϡϱϩϩ ϒϳϦϵϡϮϡ ϙϭϩϳϷϡ (Stephan Schmitz): <https://www.theispot.com/artist/schmitz>. ϐϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ-ϱϦϰϬϩϫϡ – ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 87 σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϋϡϫ ϬϩϷϯ, ϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϲϽ ϲ ϰϯϥϯϨϱϦϮϩϦϭ ϫ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϴ “ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ”. ςϴϥϽϳϦ ϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϼ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϪϳϦ ϲϦϢЀ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϳ ϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶, ϰϱϩ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϦϤϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϯϫϡϧϴϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭϩ, ϰϱϩ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭϩ? ϋϡϫ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϪϳϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ, ϰϱϩ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϣϡϹϦ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭ… ώϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϪϳϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ, ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϣϡϬ ϣϡϹϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶. ϒϳϡϱϡϪϳϦϲϽ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϪϳϦ, ϤϥϦ Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯ, ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ. φϲϬϩ ϧϦ ϣϼ ϬϩϷϯ, ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϿϺϦϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϴϸϡϪϳϦ ϣϲϦ ϳϦ ϭϦϲϳϡ, ϤϥϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϱϦϸϽ ϯ “ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶”»217. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ», ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϼϪ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϯϪ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203218, ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϴϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϦϳ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ: ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦϳ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲ ϳϩ 1–5% 5 – 20 % 20 – 45 % ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϡϣϦϱϮЀϫϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ 45 – 55 % 55 – 80 % 80 – 95 % 95 – 99 % ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯ ϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϯϪ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ, ϷϦϬϦϣϼϭ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϭ. ϘϦϬϯϣϦϫ – Ͼϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϲϡϭϼϪ «ϸЂϱϮϼϪ ЀϺϩϫ» ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ «ϸЂϱϮϼ϶ ЀϺϩϫϯϣ» ϣ ϭϩϱϦ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, «ϭϡϬϯ ϫϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϦϢϦ, ϲ ϫϡϫϩϭϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϣϨЀϣϹϩϪϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϬϩϢϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϨ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ. Ϟϳϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ 217 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 98. 218 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. 88 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϿϳ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϰϼϳϡϦϭϲЀ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϨϡϤϬЀϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ. ϋϡϧϥϡЀ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϦϳ ϭϡϲϲϴ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϩ ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϡ ϴϲϩϬϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϭϼ ϰϼϳϡϦϭϲЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϳϡϪϮϼ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ…»219 σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ 2 Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯ 3 ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ): 1) ϯϢϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϬϿϢϼ϶ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϸϮϼ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϣϼϢϯϱϯϣ, ϮϡϸϡϬϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ: 1.1) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶) ϲϣЀϨϦϪ; 1.2) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ; 1.3) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ; 2) ϯϢϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ: 2.1) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ; 2.2) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ; 2.3) ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ220. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϫ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯϲϳϯϬϽϫϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ϶, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ. σ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ϏϬϥϯϲϴ ϖϡϫϲϬϩ, «ϦϲϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ, ϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ – ϥϣϦϱϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ»221. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϯϮϡϬϽϥϡ ϑϡϭϲϵϦϬϥϡ: «ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϨϮϡϦϭ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ. ώϯ ϦϺЂ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ» (ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤ 12.02.2002). ω ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ, ϥϡϬϦϫϯ 219 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 251, 267. 220 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 251, 267. 221 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Huxley A. // <https://quotepark.com/quotes/1508308-aldous-huxley-there-arethings-known-and-there-are-things-unknow/>. § 2.1. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 89 ϰϱϦϣϼϹϡϿϺϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϫ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥ ϋϣϦϪϥ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϫ ϫϬϡϲϲϴ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ222. ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϧϩϥϡϳϽ Ϣϼϲϳϱϼ϶ ϮϦϹϡϢϬϯϮϮϼ϶, Ϯϡϰϯϱϩϲϳϼ϶ ϩϮϩϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ (ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϡ). ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ (ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ) ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϦϪϹϩ϶ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϮϦϭϩϮϴϦϭϡ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴЀϲϽ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϦϱϼ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ. ύϡϪϫϬ υϧϯϨϦϵ ύϯϱϯϮϩ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ύϼ ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϦϭ ϮϦ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ…, ϡ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϦϱϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϷϦϬϩ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϦ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϢϱϡϮϯ Ϩϡ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϴ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϯϮϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϵϡϫϳϡϭ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ, ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϷϦϬϩ. ύϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ: “Ϙϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϯϸϮϼϭ?”, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – “Ϙϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼϭ?”»223. σ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϮϡЀ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϰϯϬЀϷϩЀ ϩ ϥϱ.). ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ (ϲϳϯ϶ϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϣϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ) ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ, ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϰϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ224. ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϼ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ. 222 ϋϣϦϪϥ Ϟ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. Ϟ. ϋϣϦϪϥϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 252. 223 Moroney M.J. Facts from Figures [ϕϡϫϳϼ ϩϨ Ϸϩϵϱ]. – Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1956. – viii; 473 p. – P. 261. 224 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 638–639. 90 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 2.2. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϡЀ; ϯϳ Ϭϡϳ. prescribere – ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ; ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «l’analytique prescriptive»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «prescriptive analytics»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica prescriptiva») – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, ϯϳϣϦϸϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϡϫ ϣϯϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ (ϩϬϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ) ϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϬϩϢϯ Ϯϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶) ϷϦϬϦϪ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡЀ (ϩϬϩ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡЀ) ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ, ϹϡϮϲϼ ϩ ϱϩϲϫϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϰϩϱϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϴϿ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϺϴϿ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «Ϙϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ?»), ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϺϴϿ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: «ϐϯϸϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ?», «ϐϯϸϦϭϴ ϳϡϫ ϲϬϴϸϩϬϯϲϽ?») ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϺϴϿ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «Ϙϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϪϳϩ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ?») ϩ ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ, ϥϡЂϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: «Ϙϳϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ N ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ ϳϯϤϥϡ-ϳϯ ϩ ϳϡϭ-ϳϯ (ϩϬϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ – ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ), ϫϡϫϯϦ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϫϡϧϴϳ Ϯϡ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀϭϩ?», ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡЀ ϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡϭϩ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ) ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ. όϿϢϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼϭ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϭϦϱϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ωϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϡ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϢϯϦϰϱϩϰϡϲϡ, Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ (ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϧϡϬϯϢ), ϰϱϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϱϡϲϸЂϳϡ϶ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϴϱϯϣϮϦϣϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ-ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫϯϣ) ϩ ϮϡϬϯϧϦϮϩϦϭ Ϯϡ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϮϡϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀЀ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ § 2.2. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 91 ϯ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϪ ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϩ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ225. ύϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϡ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, Ϯϯ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϡ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϣ ϳϦ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶, ϤϥϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶226, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϣϼϲϯϫϯ-ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϴϱϯϣϮϦϣϯϤϯ (ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ) ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϣϼϲϯϫϩ϶ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϦϪ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ϔϲϬϴϤϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ (ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϪ) ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϴϧϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϣϦϲ ϩ ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϱϼϮϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϴϤ. ϞϫϲϰϦϱϳϼ Gartner ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϬϩ ϱϼϮϯϫ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫ 2022 Ϥϯϥϴ ϣ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϦ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ 1,88 ϭϩϬϬϩϡϱϥϡ ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ ϒϙρ227. ϐϯ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϷϦϮϫϡϭ, ϯϢϻЂϭ ϱϼϮϫϡ ϴϲϬϴϤ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϣϹϩϪϲЀ ϣ 1,9684 ϭϬϱϥ ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ ϴϧϦ ϣ 2018 Ϥϯϥϴ, ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϦϳ 12,35 ϭϬϱϥ ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ ϫ 2026 Ϥϯϥϴ228. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ (ϩ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϯ) ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϡ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: «ω ϸϳϯ ϭϮϦ ϳϦϰϦϱϽ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϯ ϣϲϦϭϩ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϣϡϹϩϭϩ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϢϴϭϡϤϡϭϩ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ Ϩϡϰϩϲϫϡϭϩ, ϯϳϸЂϳϡϭϩ, ϥϯϫϬϡϥϡϭϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡϭϩ?» ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϡЀ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϣϯϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭϩ Ϯϡ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ) ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ; ϯϮϡ ϮϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ ϩ, ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ, ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ. ςϴϥϴϸϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϪ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 225 ϋϯϬϦϲϮϩϫϯϣ ϋ.σ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϰϯϦϨϥϯϣ // <https://club.cnews.ru/blogs/entry/preskriptivnaya_analitika_tehnichesk ogo_sostoyaniya_preskreptivnaya_sistema_diagnostiki_tehnicheskogo_sostoyaniya_elektro poezdov>. 226 Analytique prescriptive: un plan sur mesure pour la chaîne d’approvisionnement [ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϬϡϮ ϷϦϰϯϸϫϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϯϫ] // <https://www.mecalux.fr/blog/analytique-prescriptive>. – 31.01.2023. 227 Forecast Snapshot: Prescriptive Analytics Software, Worldwide, 2019 [ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨϮϼϪ ϲϮϩϭϯϫ: ϐϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭϴ ϭϩϱϴ, 2019 Ϥϯϥ] / Gartner Research // <https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3899065>. – 23.01.2019. 228 Prescriptive Analytics Market // <https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/prescriptiveanalytics-market>. 92 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣϼϩϤϱϼϹϡ ϩϬϩ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϱϩϲϫϡ229. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϵϵϱϩ ϋϡϭϭϴ, υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϋϯ϶ϱϾϮϴ, ύϡϪϫϬϴ ϕϱϡϿ ϩ υϧϦϵϵϱϩ ϏϬϭϡϮϮϴ, ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ) ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ; ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϥϡϿϳ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϥϡϿϳ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ ϲ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϽϿ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϮϦ ϣϼϰϬϡϳϩϳ ϫϱϦϥϩϳ. φϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϥϩϭ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϤϬϡϲϩϳ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϱϡϲϸЂϳϮϡЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϦϵϯϬϳϡ ϰϱϦϣϼϹϡϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡϭϩ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ, ϳϯ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϼϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϦϥϩϳ, ϳϯ ϳϦϰϦϱϽ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϳϩϰϼ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϰϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ. υϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡϭϩ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϱϳϵϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϣ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϡ϶, ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϦϳϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϯϫ ϣ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϮ ϣ ϱϯϨϮϩϸϮϯϪ ϳϯϱϤϯϣϬϦ. ϐϯϱϳϵϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯ ϥϯ϶ϯϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϣϦϲϳϩϷϩϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϫϡϫϯϦ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϣϦϲϳϩϷϩϪ ϰϱϩϮϦϲЂϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϴϿ ϥϯ϶ϯϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϩ ϱϩϲϫϡ. ύϯϥϦϬϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϦϳϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϯϫ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϭϦϲϳϯϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϣϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϯϢϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϮϩϿ ϫϬϩϦϮϳϯϣ. ϒ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϱϯϨϮϩϸϮϼ϶ ϷϦϮ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϲϫϩϥϯϫ ϩ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϫϩϥϯϫ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϳϯϣϡϱϼ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϩ ϰϱϯϥϡϮϼ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϰϬϡϮϯϭ. σϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϫϡϫ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϡϿϳ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. υϱϴϤϩϭ ϣϩϥϯϭ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϬϩϷϯ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, 229 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 639–640. § 2.2. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 93 ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϡϭϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϭ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ. σ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϱϩϲϣϡϩϣϡϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϬϩϷϡ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϫ ϱϩϲϫϴ, ϰϯϳϦϱЀϭ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ230. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϯϤϯ (ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϷϩϪ) ϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ (ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ) ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ (ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯ-ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϼϦ) ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩ϶ (ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϼ϶) ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ ϰϱЀϭϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ «ϥϯϱϯϧϮϼϦ ϫϡϱϳϼ», Ͼϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ) ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϦϱϮϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϦϭϯϦ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϥϦϬϡ, ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϳ.Ϯ. ϲϡϭϯϲϢϼϣϡϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡϭϩ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϩ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϡϭϩ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡЀ ϩ϶ ϹϡϮϲϼ, ϱϩϲϫϩ. σ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϰϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϭϼϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡ ϲ ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯϪ (ϮϯϱϭϯϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ) ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ, Ϯϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϮϦЂ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ) ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, Ϯϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϫϱϴϤ ϬϩϷ ϩ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩϪ (ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ) ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ (ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡϭϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ). ϖϯϳЀ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ, ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϥϦϬϡ, ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϳϽ ϰϯϥ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϪ. 230 Camm J.D., Cochran J.J., Fry M.J., Ohlmann J.W. Business Analytics [ςϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ]. Fourth Edition. – Cengage Learning, 2021. – xxiv; 850 p. – P. 6. 94 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 2.3. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϖϯϱϯϹϦϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩϭ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. υϾϣϩϥ ϥϦ σϡϴϲ. υϩϨϡϪϮ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶231. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique descriptive»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «descriptive analytics»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica descriptiva») – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϣϹϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϩϲϹϦϥϹϦϤϯ (ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϣϹϦϤϯ), ϩϭϦϿϺϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϤϯ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ (ϰϱϩ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ) ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: «Ϙϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ?», «ϋϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ?», «Ϙϳϯ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ?» ϩ ϳ.ϰ. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϴϿ ϣϡϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ232. υϡϳϽ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ – ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ (ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϦ ϩ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϮϦϪ, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϯ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ) – Ͼϳϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ, ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϦ, ϰϯϱϯϿ, ϲ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩ ϥϱ. 231 Vaus, de D.A. Research design in social research [υϩϨϡϪϮ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶]. – London: SAGE Publications, 2001. – xvii; 279 p. – P. 1. 232 ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ // ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 646–657. <https://statereligion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. § 2.4. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ § 2.4. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 95 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «smart analytics») ϩ «ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «pragmatic analytics»). Ϟϳϩ ϥϣϡ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϮϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, Ϯϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼ ϫ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϿ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϯϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ (ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϡЀ, ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϴϿ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϦϸϽ ϮϦ ϯ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϦ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϫϡϬϽϫϴϬЀϳϯϱ», ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ. σ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϭ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϣϼϤϯϥϴ ϩϨ ϣϲϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϬϩϲϽ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϯϱϥϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϣϦϬϡ ϣ ϴϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϴϿ. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϳϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϯϳ Ϲϴϭϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϲϱϯϫϩ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϩ Ϯϡ ϣϩϥϴ. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϣϦϲϳϩ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼ϶. ϏϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϴϧϦ ϲ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ. ϐϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϴϸЂϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϔϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ ϒϡϮ-υϩϦϤϯ, ϯϧϩϥϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϫ 2024 Ϥϯϥϴ ϲϦϱϣϦϱϼ ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϾϫϣϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϲϳϯϬϢϷϴ ϫϮϩϤ, ϨϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳ ϰϯ ϣϼϲϯϳϦ ϥϯ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϦϤϯ ϫ ϒϯϬϮϦϸϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ ϲϯϨϣϦϨϥϩЀ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϯϬϯϲϲϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩЀϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡ ϭϩϬϬϩϲϦϫϴϮϥϼ. ϐϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϭϡϬϦϪϹϩϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϦϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶. ύϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ 96 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ, ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϱϯϸϮϯ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϸϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϩ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ϶ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϲϱϯϫ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϲϳЂϫ Ϣϼ233 ϴϧϦ ϫ ϮϡϸϡϬϴ ϩ϶ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ. ϏϥϮϯ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϮϡϢϯϱϴ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϲϳϱϦϭЀϲϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϣϦϲϽ ϲϰϦϫϳϱ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϬ Ϣϼ, ϲϳϯϬϫϮϴϣϹϩϲϽ ϲ ϱϦϸϦϣϼϭϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϮϳϡ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ. σ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯ-ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ (ϮϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϩϭϩ), ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϴϿϳ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϲϿϧϦϳϯϣ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϾϰϩϨϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϢϼϬϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϳϡϬϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϭϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϼϳϡЀϲϽ ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϳϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϰϯϹϬϩ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϮϡϸϦ. σ ϲϩϬϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϡ ϥϬЀ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϩϲϳϲϫϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϳϦ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϳ ϱϯϬϽ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϯϣ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ϶ ϱϦϸϦϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ234. ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϥϯ «ϲϴ϶ϯϤϯ» ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϨϭϡ. ϐϯ ϔϩϬϬϡϱϥϴ ϋϴϡϪϮϴ, ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϯϲϣϯϢϯϥϩϳϽ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϿ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ «ϯϳ ϳϦ϶ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϣϼϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϳ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ»235. 233 Smart Analytics: Benefits and Features [ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://www.chakray.com/smart-analytics-benefitsand-features/>. 234 Duffy G. Pragmatic Analysis [ϐϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ] // Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide / Edited by A. Klotz and D. Prakash. – New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. – xii; 260 p. – P. 168–186. – P. 168. 235 ϐϱϩϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϯ: ϋϡϮϫϦ σ.ρ. ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ: ϔϸ. 5-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱ. – ύ.: ϏϭϦϤϡ-ό, 2014. – 329 ϲ. – ϒ. 73. § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 97 § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ σ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϼ ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϩϦ ϮϯϣϦϪϹϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϭϦϮЀϦϳ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. ϞϮϥϱϿ ύϡϱϹϡϬϬ, Ͼϫϲ-ϤϬϡϣϡ Office Net Assessment, ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ ύϩϮϩϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϒϙρ236. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique militaire»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica militar»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «military analytics») Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϭϩϱϦ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϳЂϳ ϲϰϱϯϲ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϣϯϦϮϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϱϡϲϳЂϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϫ ϮϦϪ. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϣϳϯϱϯϦ ϥϼ϶ϡϮϩϦ, ϲϰϱϯϲ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ ϴϧϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϣϼϲϯϫ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϦϥϡϣϮϩϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϢϡϨϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϡϫϡϮϲϩϪ GlobalData, ϥϯϬЀ ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϯϱϴϥϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ, ϮϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϼϱϯϲϬϡ ϣ ϭϡϱϳϦ 2022 Ϥϯϥϡ (85,3 % ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ, ϣϫϬϿϸЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣ Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϮϡϮЀϬϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫϡ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϴ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϽ), ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϭϡϱϳϯϭ 2021 Ϥϯϥϡ (80,5 % ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ ϮϡϮϩϭϡϬϩ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶)237. σ ϒϙρ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ϶ ώρϓϏ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϾϹϦϬϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϲϦϳϦϷϦϮϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϼ (ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ) ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ («ϵϡϢϱϩϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ» – «Think Tanks»), ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϮϯϦ (ϣϮϦϹϮϦϦ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϤϯϲϯϱϤϡϮϡϭ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ) ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϥϴϲϳϱϩϪ ϩ ϱϼϮϫϯϣ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϢϯϦϰϱϩϰϡϲϯϣ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ ϭϩϱϡ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ. 236 ϐϱϩϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϯ: Weinberger S. The Return of the Pentagon’s Yoda. Can Andrew Marshall, the U.S. military’s longtime oracle, still predict the future? [σϯϨϣϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϊϯϥϼ ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮϡ. ύϯϧϦϳ Ϭϩ ϞϮϥϱϿ ύϡϱϹϡϬϬ, ϥϡϣϮϩϪ ϯϱϡϫϴϬ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶, ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ?] // <https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/the-return-of-thepentagons-yoda-andrew-marshall/>. – 12.09.2018. 237 Data analytics hiring levels in the military industry rose in March 2022 [ϔϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϮϡϪϭϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϱϯϲ ϣ ϭϡϱϳϦ 2022 Ϥ.] // <https://www.army-technology.com/analysis/data-analytics-hiring-levels-in-the-militaryindustry-rose-in-march-2022/>. – 29.04.2022. 98 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ σ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦϳ (ϰϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϴ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϡϭ, ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭ ϩ϶ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϭϴ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϴ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ), Ϩϡ ϱϦϥϫϩϭϩ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϮϦ ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩϭϩ Ϯϡ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϿ (ϯϸϡϤϯϣϼϦ ϣϫϱϡϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϮϦ ϭϦϮЀϿϳ). ρ ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϰϦϱϭϡϮϦϮϳϮϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ϖϯϳЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϰϯ-ϱϡϨϮϯϭϴ ϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ ϲ϶ϯϧϩ϶ ϥϬЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, ϲϣϯЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡ ϴ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϱϡϨϴϭϦϦϳϲЀ, ϦϲϳϽ. ώϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϬϩϷϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϴ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϿ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ»238 ϰϯϥ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϴ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯ ϫ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ – ϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϡ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϿ ϦЂ ϣϩϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϡ ϩ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϿϺϡЀ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϮϡϪϰϦϱϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ (ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϯϤϮϦϣϴϿ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ), Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ (ϣ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϫ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭ Ϯϡ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϩ ϣϼϹϦ) ϰϬϯϳϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϡЀ, ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ. 238 σ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ (ϰϯϣϳϯϱϩϭϲЀ), ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ (ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ) Ϯϡ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ (ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ), ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϦ (ϯϷϦϮϫϴ), ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ – ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϣϦϺϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ (ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ) ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽϿ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϣ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϯϪ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ (ϭϯϥϦϬϩ) ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 99 σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϬϩϬϡϳϦϱϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴЀϲϽ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ; ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϮϦ ϱϡϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϼ ϸЂϳϫϩϭϩ ϬϩϮϩЀϭϩ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ): 1) ϳϦϫϴϺϦϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϦ) ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ (ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ, ϫϯϮϳϱϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ, ϰϯϬϩϷϦϪϲϫϩ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ, ϭϩϱϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϥϱ.): – ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ (ϸϦϭ, ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϼ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϼϦ ϹϳϡϢϼ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ), ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲϩϬ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ, ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϱϦϫϯϤϮϯϲϷϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϮϡϣϩϤϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϱЀϥϯϣ ϲϩϬ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ Ϯϡ ϯϤϮϦϣϯϦ ϰϯϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϩϬ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϱЀϥϯϣ ϲϩϬ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϱϼϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϡϺϩϺЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϧϩϣϴϸϦϲϳϩ (ϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ – ϴЀϨϣϩϭϯϲϳϩ) ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϩϬ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϱϡϥϩϯϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϪ ϢϯϱϽϢϼ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ.; – ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϢϯϦϣϴϿ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ; – ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϥϩϣϦϱϲϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϳϦϫϴϺϡЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϼϬϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϳϼϬϯϣϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϩ, ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϡϲ϶ϯϥϡ ϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϣϯϨϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϦϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϳϯϣ (ϢϯϦϰϱϩϰϡϲϯϣ), ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϭϯϮϳϡ ϳϱϡϮϲϰϯϱϳϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϩ ϨϡϭϦϮϼ ϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ.; – ϳϦϫϴϺϡЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϦϱϽ, ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϪϲϫϯϣϯϭϴ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϢϯϦϣϯϭ «ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ», ϱϡϲ϶ϯϥϡ ϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϣϯϨϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϥϩϫϡϭϦϮϳϯϣ; – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϲ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϲϮϡϺϦϮϩϦϭ) ϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϭ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϣ ϢϯϦϣϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϢϯϦϣϯϪ ϲϬϡϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϪϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϢϯϦϣϯϪ ϲϬϡϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ 100 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϲϬϴϧϡϺϩ϶, ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϲϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϫ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϭ) ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩЀ϶, Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ («ϰϱϯϩϤϱϼϣϡϮϩЀ») ϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϣ ϣϩϱϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ – ϣ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬЀ϶-ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫϡ϶ ϩ ϣ ϫϩϢϦϱ-ϭϦϳϡ-ϣϲϦϬϦϮϮϼ϶239; – ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϫϡϥϱϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 2) ϤϬϯϢϡϬϽϮϡЀ (ϤϦϯϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϤϱϯϨ ϩ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ, ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ, ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϰϯϣϯϥϯϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϬϯϫϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϪϮ (ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϮϦϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϪϮϼ – ϰϱϦϾϭϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ, ϤϩϢϱϩϥϮϼϦ, ϭϡϬϼϦ), ϰϱϩϤϱϡϮϩϸϮϼ϶ ϣϯϯϱϴϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϱϦϤϩϯϮϡ϶ ϭϩϱϡ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϣϯϪϮ, ϩ϶ ϳϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶, ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϭϯϢϩϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϯ-ϮϱϡϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ ϭϩϱϡ ϩ ϭϦϧϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ЀϥϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϮϦЀϥϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϷϦϬϦϪ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϱϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϵϯϱϭ, ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣ ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϩЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϢϯϦϣϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϢϡϬϡϮϲϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϬ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ, ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϢϱϯϲϫϩ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϡ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ, ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϢϯϦϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϳϯϣ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϦ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϮϼϭϩ; – ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϦϧϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϪ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ; 239 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϩ Ϸϩϵϱϼ / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 106 ϲ. <https://moscou-ecole.ru/ponkin_milit_ai/>. ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. ϋϩϢϦϱ-ϭϦϳϡϣϲϦϬϦϮϮϡЀ: ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2023. – Vol. 11. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 118–127. § 2.5. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 101 – ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϥϩϰϬϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 3) ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: – ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ ϩ ϭϦϧϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϫϴϰϯϫ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ, ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ («ϳϱϡϦϫϳϯϱϩϪ») ϱϡϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ Ϯϡ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϴ ϩ Ϯϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϩϱϯϣϼ϶ ϱϼϮϫϯϣ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ, ϢϯϦϰϱϩϰϡϲϯϣ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ; – ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϩ ϤϯϲϨϡϫϴϰϯϫ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϢϯϦϰϱϩϰϡϲϯϣ, ϩϮϯϪ ϡϭϴϮϩϷϩϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.; ϫϯϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϥϯϬϤϯϲϱϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϦ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ.; 4) ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: – ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϯϣ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϨϡϬϯϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϲϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ; – ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡ ϮϯϣϦϪϹϩ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϪ, ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϪ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϮϡϱϡϢϯϳϯϫ – Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ; – ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϯϲϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϧϩϮϩϱϩϮϤϡ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (ϰϯ ϥϯϢϼϳϯϭϴ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϴ); – ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϫϩϢϦϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϫϱϩϰϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 5) ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ, ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϤϴϭϡϮϩϳϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ, ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϱ.): – ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ; ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ; ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϥϱ.; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϡϪϮϼ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϦϧϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϯϪϮ ϰϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡϭ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩϭ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ; 6) ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϯϱϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϡ ϣϯϪϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϯϪϮ; 102 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϣ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϦЂ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶), ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϴ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϲϬϴϧϡϺϩ϶ ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ (ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ) ϰϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϤϯ ϩ϶ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϰϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϯϦϣϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϩ ϥϱ. ϋϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϥϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ (ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ Ѐϱϴϲϯϣ). ώϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼϪ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϫ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ ϯϱϤϡϮϴ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ, ϣϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϯϳ ϳϦϫϴϺϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ, ϯϳ ϣϩϥϡ ϩ ϱϯϥϡ ϣϯϪϲϫ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϣ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϦЂ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϡЀ. ώϯ ϣ ϱϡϣϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϦЂ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϬϿϥЀ϶. ψϡ ϱϴϢϦϧϯϭ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϦϮ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϪ ϩ ϥϡϣϮϩϪ ϯϰϼϳ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϫϱϴϰϮϼ϶ (ϮϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶) ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ϶240 (ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϴϸϦϢϮϼ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ϶ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ϶, ϰϯϥϸϩϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϯϱϤϡϮϡϭ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ). ρϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϩ ϳϯϧϦ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϴϸϦϢϮϼ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ϶. ϓϡϬϡϮϳϬϩϣϯϦ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϼϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϳϯϸϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ (ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯ ϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϭϴ ϯϣϬϡϥϦϣϡϮϩϿ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ, ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϯϭ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϴ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ (ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ), ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ («ϲϢϯϱϯϸϮϼ϶»), ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼ϶, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, «ϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϭϯϨϤϩ» ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϪ, ϣϼϲϯϫϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϯϪ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡϧϡϭϩ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ. 240 ϙϦϵϬϦϱ ϋϯϱϣϡϪϡ ρ., υϧϦϱϡϥϧ ς., ςϯϱϤϯϵϵ ϔ.ύ. ϐϯϥϻϦϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϰϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϥϬЀ τϦϱϭϡϮϩϩ? ϔϸϦϢϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ // Connections QJ. – 2016. – Vol. 15. – ࠪ 1. – P. 89–120. <https://connectionsqj.org/ru/article/podem-uchebnyh-programm-po-voprosam-razvedki-model-dlyagermanii>. § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 103 § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϟϱϩϲϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϭ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϿ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϴ.241 ϐϱϩ ϯϲϣϯϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ… ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϣϡ. ύ.σ. ώϦϭϼϳϩϮϡ. ωϲϳϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ242. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique juridique»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica legal»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «legal analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ «ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ [ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ], ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ», ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϡЀ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϩ243; «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϿ ϩϨ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»244 ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. ϐϯ ύ.ρ. ρϣϦϱϽЀϮϯϣϴ, Ϗ.σ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϯϪ ϩ ϥϱ., ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, Ϣϴϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϬϲЀ Ϯϡ ϮϡϸϡϬϯ 2000-϶ Ϥϯϥϯϣ, ϮϦ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϬϩ ϣϯϨϬϡϤϡϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϡϥϦϧϥ, Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ ϲ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϴϧϦ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϡ. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϧϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϳϱϴϥϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ «ϱϴϸϮϯϤϯ» ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϢϡϨϼ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ 241 ϞϫϨϡϭϦϮϮϼЀ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮЇЀ, ϫϯϩϭϻ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϳϽ ϩϲϰϼϳϴϦϭϼϦ ϣϻ ϫϯϭϭϩϲϲЇϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ // ρϬϵϡϣϩϳϮϼϪ ϲϢϯϱϮϩϫϻ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϰϯϬϯϧϦϮiϪ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϧϦϮiϪ, ϰϯϭДϺϦϮϮϼ϶ϻ ϣϻ ϷiϱϫϴϬЀϱϡ϶ϻ ϰϯ ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϲϫϯϭϴ ϴϸϦϢϮϯϭϴ ϯϫϱϴϤϴ Ϩϡ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϲϻ 1883 ϰϯ 1893 Ϥ. ϣϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ. ϒϻ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮЇϦϭϻ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡϤϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϦϬЀ / ϒϯϲϳϡϣϩϬϻ σ. υϦϭϡϮϳϻ. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ϓϩϰϯϤϱϡϵiЀ ϩ όϩϳϯϤϱϡϵiЀ ρ. ϠϫϯϢϲϯϮϡ, 1895. – x; 1287; xxxxix ϲ. – ϒ. 1274 ϣϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϡ ϮϴϭϦϱϡϷϩϩ. 242 ωϲϳϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ / History and Methodology of Legal Science: ϔϸ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϤϩϲϳϱϡϮϳϯϣ (Ϯϡ ϱϴϲϲϫ. ϩ ϡϮϤϬ. ЀϨ.) / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ύ.σ. ώϦϭϼϳϩϮϯϪ. – ύ.: ϑϔυώ, 2021. – 218 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 243 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϔϸϦϢϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2018. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 215. 244 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ ϫϡϫ ϮϯϣϼϪ ϣϩϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ // ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ. – 2022. – ࠪ 16. – ϒ. 112–117. – ϒ. 113. 104 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϱϮϼϭ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϐϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϥϦϬϡ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ «ϣ ϬϯϢ» ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϬϯ Ϣϼ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ (ϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϼ϶) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ, ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϬЂϫϩ϶ ϯϳ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϢϱϦϫϡϦϳ ϩϥϦϿ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϮϦϴϲϰϦ϶245, ϬϩϢϯ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϴϲϰϦ϶ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼϪ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀϹϮϩϦ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϦ ϮϯϣϦϪϹϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϮϩϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦ «ϯϳϯϥϣϩϮϴϬϩ» (ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϮϦϮϡϥϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϱ϶ϡϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϴϿ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ (ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϦϺЂ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϥϯϬϤϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ, ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ, ϲϡϭϡ ϮϴϧϥϡЀϲϽ ϣ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϩ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϩ. ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡЀ ϣϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϤϱЀϥϴϺϴϿ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϴϿ Ͼϱϴ, ϦϺЂ ϣ 1965 Ϥϯϥϴ ϰϱϯϣϯϨϤϬϡϲϩϬ ϮϦϩϨϭϦϮϮϯϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: «ϋϡϫϯϪ Ϣϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϨϡϤϡϥϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϰϼϳϡϦϭϲЀ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ, ϩ ϫϡϫϩϭϩ Ϣϼ ϩϨϯϺϱЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϭϼ Ϯϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϬϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϥϬЀ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦ˃ϮϩЀ, ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ Ϯϡϲϳϴϰϩϳ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϥϴϭϸϩϣϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϳϦϲϮϦϮ ϫϡϫ ϣϼϲϹϦϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϴϲϳϱϯϪϲϳϣϯ»246. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯ ϣ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϹϫϯϬ (ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϯϣ, ϵϡϫϴϬϽϳϦϳϯϣ). ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϞϬϩϨϡϢϦϳ ϘϾϭϢϬϩϲϲ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϹϫϯϬϼ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϼ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϴ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϰϱϩϣϦϱϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ247, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϦ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ. 245 ρϣϦϱϽЀϮϯϣ ύ.ρ., ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ Ϗ.σ., ϋϯϸϦϳϯϣϡ φ.ϟ., ϒϩϣϡϫϯϣ ϑ.ό. ϗϩϵϱϯϣϡЀ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2018. – ϓ. 6. – ࠪ 11. – ϒ. 42–49. – ϒ. 47. 246 Kent S. Strategic intelligence for American World Policy [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϭϩϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϙρ]. – Hamden (Connecticut, USA): Princeton University Press; Archon Books, 1965. – xxvii; 226 p. – P. xviii. 247 Chambliss E. Two Questions for Law Schools about the Future Boundaries of the Legal Profession [υϣϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϹϫϯϬ ϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϤϱϡϮϩϷϡ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ] // The Journal of the Legal Profession. – 2012. – Vol. 36. – P. 329–352. – P. 351. § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 105 2. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϫϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϡ, «ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϯϲϰϩϳϡϮϩЀ»248. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ «Ϣϼϲϳϱϼϭ ϰϦϱϯϭ» ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ, ϶ϯϳЀ, ϯϳϭϦϳϩϭ, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ (ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ»), ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ (ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ (ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡϭϩ, ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϡϫϳϡϭϩ, ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϱϦϧϩϭϡϭϩ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭϩ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ) ϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϰϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϰϱϡϣϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ – ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ (ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ, ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ), ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϭ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϭ) ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ, ϣ ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϭ, ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ-ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ, ϮϯϱϭϯϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϭ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϬϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϬϩϧϦ ϫ ϯϮϳϯ-ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ ϲ ϬϯϤϩϫϯϪ – ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϢϬϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ (ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ «ϰϱϯϲϴϹϦϮϮϯϪ») ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϣϯϦϪ ϩϭϭϡϮϦϮϳϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡϭϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϡ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϩϫϩ. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ύ. ϒϴ϶ϯϭϬϩϮϯϣ (ϲ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϯϪ ϫ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϕϱϩϥϱϩ϶ϡ-ϗϦϨϡϱЀ όϡϤϡϱϰϡ) ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϭ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϯϭ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ Ϩϡ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϿ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϼϦ 248 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώωϔ σϙϞ, 2011. – 258 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 106 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϯϣ, ϩϢϯ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϰϬϯ϶ϡЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϡ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϪ ϲϯϳϮϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϺϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϴ ϭϮϦϮϩϪ, ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶, ϢϼϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ, Ϯϩ ϯϥϮϯ ϮϦ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϩϲϳϩϮϼ»249. ω ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϦϳ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. 3. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϱЀϥϡ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ ϱЀϥϡ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. σϯ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϪ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ, ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯ, ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ, ϭϮϯϤϯϰϬϡϮϯϣϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲϣϯЂ ϴϫϯϱϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϴϭϡ, ϯϢϲϬϴϧϩϣϡЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ Ϯϡϴϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϴϿ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϱ. ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣϴ, ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϿϱϩϲϰϱϴϥϦϮϷϩϩ – «ϡϮϡϬϩϨ “ϲϬϯϣϡϱЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ”, ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ, ϣ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϭϩ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϡ»250. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ, «ϰϱϦϫϴϱϲϯϱϯϭ» (Ϭϡϳ. «praecursor» – ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϩϫ) ϩ «ϡϮϳϦϷϦϥϦϮϳϯϭ» (Ϭϡϳ. «antecedens» – ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ), ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭ (ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ) ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϩ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: 1) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ); ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ; 2) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϯϣ, ϲϰϯϱϯϣ; 3) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ251; 249 ϒϴ϶ϯϭϬϩϮϯϣ ύ.ω. ϕϱϩϥϱϩ϶ϻ-ϗϦϨϡϱϽ όϡϤϡϱϰϻ, ϣϯϲϰϩϳϡϳϦϬϽ ωϭϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϡ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϡ I // χϴϱϮϡϬϻ ύϩϮϩϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϮϡϱϯϥϮϡϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϣДϺϦϮЇЀ. – 1871, ЀϮϣϡϱϽ. – ϘϡϲϳϽ CLIII. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ϐϦϸϡϳϮЀ σ. τϯϬϯϣϩϮϡ, 1871. – 50; 153; 76; 158 ϲ. – ϒ. 47– 75 ϣϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡ ϮϴϭϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷ. – ϒ. 57. 250 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 726. 251 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ύ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϴ ϩ ϐ.σ. ϑϦϭϩϨϯϣϴ, ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϫϡϫ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ) – «ϯϳϱϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϡ, ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ ϬϩϢϯ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϦϦ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϯϭ, ЀϣϬЀϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϨϡϫϯϮϮϯϪ, ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϦϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϭϯϪ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϡϭϯϢϼϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ, ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϿϺϦϪ ϲϣϯϦϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϪϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ»; ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ, § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 107 4) ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϰϯϱϡ ϩ ϲϯϲϳЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϮЂϭ; 5) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϡЀ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ ϲ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼϭ ϴϸϡϲϳϩϦϭ) ϩ, ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ; 6) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ252 (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ (ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϭϦϥϩϡϷϩϩ) ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϰϯϱϡ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϡ); 7) ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϼϪ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ253, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ; 8) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ254; 9) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϦϦ255); 10) ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ; 11) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼϪ) ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ; 12) ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϦϦ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϼ; 13) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϴϭϡ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ; 14) ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϣ, ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩϪ, ϲϬϯϣϡϱϦϪ. ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ, – Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϡЀ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ). (ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ., ϑϦϭϩϨϯϣ ϐ.σ. ϋϱϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϡ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ, ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ). – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2018. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 61, 76). ωϨϬϩϹϮϦ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϩϲϳϲϫϩϪ ϡϫϷϦϮϳ Ϯϡ «ϯϳϱϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ» ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ Ϯϯϲϩϳ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ, Ϯϯ Ϩϡ ϢϡϨϯϣϴϿ Ͼϳϡ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϨЀϳϡ. 252 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ύ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϴ ϩ υ.φ. ύϡϲϬϯϣϴ, «ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ – ϡϫϳ ϣϯϬϦϩϨϻЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϴϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϥϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϥϯ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡ ϣ ϬϦϤϡϬϽϮϯ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϭϦϱϮϯϭ (ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ) ϬϩϢϯ ϲϡϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϥϯϢϱϦϮϮϯϭ (ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ) ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϦ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ». (ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ., ύϡϲϬϯϣ υ.φ. ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ (ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϡ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ, ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ). – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2018. – 256 ϲ. – ϒ. 63). 253 ϒϭ.: ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ: ύϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ; ϑτ-ϐϱϦϲϲ, 2019. – 376 ϲ. 254 ϒϭ.: ρϤϡϭϩϱϯϣ ϋ.σ. ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϵϡϫϳϯϱ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ: υϩϲ. ϥϯϫϳ. Ͽϱϩϥϩϸ. Ϯϡϴϫ: 12.00.01 / ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϑρώ. – ύ., 2020. – 593 ϲ. 255 ϒϭ.: υϦϤϳЀϱϦϣ ύ.σ. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϐϦϱϭϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. ϒϦϱ. «ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ». – 2021. – σϼϰ. 53. – C. 436–461. 108 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 4. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «lawmaker», «legal rules writer») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϮϳϯ-ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ (ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ), ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϮϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ, «ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϤϡϦϳ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϰϦϱЂϥ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϦ “Ͼϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ”, ϡ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϡϭϩ: “Ͼϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ, Ϯϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϩϮϯϦ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯϦ”, “ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦϳ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ”, “Ͼϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ, Ϯϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ”»256. ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϮϳϯ-ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϳ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϯ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ σ.ύ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ, ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϯϭ (϶ϯϳЀ ϢϦϨ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϣϼϲϹϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ), ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϥϯϭ, «ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϿ»257. ώϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϡϫ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϿ ϓ.ώ. ύϯϲϫϡϬϽϫϯϣϯϪ ϩ σ.σ. ϘϦϱϮϩϫϯϣϡ, ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϴϸϡϲϳϫϯϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ258. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϿ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣϡ, «ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϪ ϭϯϢϩϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϩϬ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϮϦϨϡϴϱЀϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ, ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϴ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϡ»259. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ σ.ύ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ, «ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ – ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϡϫϳϼ, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϩ϶, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϩ ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϯϮϩϫϴ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ», «ϳϣϯϱϦϷ ϰϱϡϣϡ», ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ, ϥϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ260. 256 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 532. 257 ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ. ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ // ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ: ύϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ. – ύ.: ϑτ-ϐϱϦϲϲ, 2019. – 352 ϲ. – ϒ. 6–22. – ϒ. 21. 258 ύϯϲϫϡϬϽϫϯϣϡ ϓ.ώ., ϘϦϱϮϩϫϯϣ σ.σ. ώϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϥϯϰ. ϩ ϩϲϰϱ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2018. – 448 ϲ. – ϒ. 55, 72. 259 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 748. 260 ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ. ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϒϡϱϡϳϯϣϲϫϯϪ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ. – 2017. – ࠪ 6. – ϒ. 16–29. – ϒ. 19, 21. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ. ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ // ώϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ: ύϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ. – ύ.: ϑτ-ϐϱϦϲϲ, 2019. – 352 ϲ. – ϒ. 6–22. – ϒ. 12. § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 109 ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ, ϰϯ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣϴ, ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ – Ͼϳϯ «ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ»261, ϰϯϲϳϯϬϽϫϴ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϦϷ – Ͼϳϯ ϬϩϷϯ, ϥϯϬϧϮϯϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϮϯ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ. ϐϱϡϣϯ ϰϬϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ, ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϿ ϭϯϧϮϯ, ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϵϯϱϭϯϣϡϳϽ (ϰϱϩϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϴ), ϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ, ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ. ωϭϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϩϭ ϩ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϯϮϳϯ-ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ. φϲϬϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ Ͽϱϩϲϳ – Ͼϳϯ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ Ϯϯϱϭ ϰϱϡϣϡ, ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϳϯ ϣϼϲϹϩϪ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϦϷ (ϣ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϭ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϮϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ), «ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ», Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϡϣϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϡЀ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϡЀ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ, «ϰϱϡϣϯ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭ, ϮϦ ϫϯϮϤϬϯϭϦϱϡϳ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ, ϮϦ ϡϤϱϦϤϡϳ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ», ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϭϼϪ ϣ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϭ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϭ-ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϯϭ (ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϦϭ), «Ϯϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϡЀ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϡЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϡЀ ϲϯ ϲϱϦϥϯϪ, ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϯϪ»262. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ «ϵϯϱϭϯϣϡϳϽ» ϰϱϡϣϯ, ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ «ϣϼϳϡϸϩϣϡϳϽ» ϦϤϯ, ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ «ϵϩϬϩϤϱϡϮϮϴϿ ϯϤϱϡϮϫϴ» ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ, ϳϯ ϮϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϦϷ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϽ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ, ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ώϯϱϭϯϳϣϯϱϦϷ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϩ ϮϯϣϦϪϹϩϭϩ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ263. 261 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωϮϵϱϡ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 594. 262 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωϮϵϱϡ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 70. 263 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., ϋϴϰϱϩЀϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ϐ., ϐϯϮϫϩϮ υ.ω. Fintech, Regtech ϩ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼϦ ϰϦϲϯϸϮϩϷϼ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϷϩϵϱϯϣϡЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ // ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ωϓ-ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ. – 2020. – ϓ. 16. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 224–234. υϦϤϳЀϱϦϣ ύ.σ. ώϯϣϦϪϹϩϦ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ: ϑϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϼ, ϰϦϲϯϸϮϩϷϼ, ϤϩϬϽϯϳϩϮϼ, ϾϫϯϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϼ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.σ. ϐϯϮϫϩϮϡ / ύϯϲϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳ ϩϭ. Ϗ.φ. ϋϴϳϡϵϩϮϡ (ύτϟρ). – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 424 ϲ. 110 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 5. ύϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ύϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Computational Legal Analytics», «Machine Legal Analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϲϳϡϣϹϩϪ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϯ ϨϣϴϸϡϺϩϭ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ЀϣϬЀϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϦϺϡϿϺϩϭ ϳϱϦϮϥ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. ψϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϪ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ) – ϣ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϯϭ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ Ϯϡ ϬϩϷϦϣϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϦ ϥϦϬϡ, – ϥϯϢϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϤϯ, ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡЀ ϮϦϯϷϦϮϩϭϴϿ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϴ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ – ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϡϭ, ϲϴϥϽЀϭ, ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϣϩϮϩϳϦϬЀϭ, ϴϸЂϮϼϭ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϡϭ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ, Ͽϱϩϲϳϡϭ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϡϭ, ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϡϭ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϣϼϹϡЀ ϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. σ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϲϬϯϣϡ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϳϯ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯϢ ϯϷϩϵϱϯϣϫϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ, ϯϢ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϬϩϲϽ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ (ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ) ϣϱϴϸϮϴϿ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϭϩ ϩ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϣϮϦϲЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϮϦϥϱЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ. ϓϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϮϼϮϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ (ϴϧϦ Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭϩ) Ϩϡ ϱϴϢϦϧϯϭ264. ώϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϴϧϦ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ, ϯϮϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϼ. 264 Ashley K.D. Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics: New Tools for Law Practice in the Digital Age [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ώϯϣϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϴϿ Ͼϰϯ϶ϴ]. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. – xxiii; 426 p. Frankenreiter J., Livermore M.A. Computational Methods in Legal Analysis [σϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ] // Annual Review of Law and Social Science. – 2020, October. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 1. – P. 39–57. Law as Data: Computation, Text, & the Future of Legal Analysis [ψϡϫϯϮ ϫϡϫ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ: σϼϸϩϲϬϦϮϩЀ, ϳϦϫϲϳ ϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Santa Fe: Santa Fe Institute of Science, 2019. – 528 p. Liu Z., Sun Y. Computational Analysis of Law: A Thesis [σϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϰϱϡϣϡ: υϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀ]. – Ithaca (New York, USA): Cornell University, 2020. – 28 p. § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 111 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ, ϭϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ (ϲ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϮϴϬϦϣϼϭ ϴϸϡϲϳϩϦϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϡЀ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϭϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϡϭϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – 1) ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ, Ϯϯϱϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, Ͼϫϲϳϱϡ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ, 2) ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ (ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ), 3) ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ (ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ, ϰϯϬϮϯϯϢϻЂϭϮϼ϶ (ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϼ϶) ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ, ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϪ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮ) – ϣ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶, ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ (ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ), ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ, ϲϢϯϱϡ, ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ (ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ (ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ), ϲ ϥϯϲϳϡϣϫϯϪ (ϣϼϤϱϴϨϫϯϪ) ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡϭ (ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϮϳϡϭ) ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϩ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϯϣ; ϣ ϩϥϦϡϬϦ ϩ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ Ͼϫϯ-ϲϱϦϥϼ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϣϩϱϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ). ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϵϦϱϡ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ (ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ) ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϾϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϫϯϰϩϱϴϿϺϦϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϺϦϪ ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ) ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ (ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ), ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϴϲϣϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ЀϨϼϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ, ϦϤϯ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϪ) ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩ϶ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϼ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ (ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ): 1) ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϤϱϴϨϩϳϽ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ, ϯϲϣϯϢϯϥϩϣ ϦϤϯ ϯϳ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϯϪ ϱϴϳϩϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ; 112 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 2) ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϣϼϹϡϿϳ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϰϱϩ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϩ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϴϤ; 3) ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ «ϱϦϫϬϡϭϮϯϪ ϲϬϦϰϯϳϯϪ» (ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϩ ϮϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϳ ϱϦϫϬϡϭϴ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϡЀ Ϯϡ ϮϦЂ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϮϦ ϣϩϥЀ ϦЂ), ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϫϳϯϱ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϮϦ ϣϩϥϩϳ (ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ) ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϤϯ ϡϲϲϩϲϳϦϮϳϡ-ϫϯϭϰϡϮϽϯϮϡ (Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϡϫϳϯϱϴ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ЀϣϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϭϦϹϡϦϳ); 4) ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϫϯϬϯϲϲϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϴϸЂϳϴ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϭ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩ Ϯϯϱϭϯ-ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϴϺϩ϶ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϦϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϲϱϦϥϮϦϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ-Ͽϱϩϲϳ (ϥϡϧϦ ϲ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ) ϴϧϦ ϰϯϥϯϹЂϬ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϴ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϯ-ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ) ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ (ϣ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ) ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ (ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ) ϥϡϮϮϼϦ; ϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϯϥϩϮ – ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϩϦ, ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϩ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ύϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϴϧϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶, ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϯϳϬϡϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼ϶ (ϩϬϩ, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϴϧϦ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶) ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ: – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «intelligent legal search»); – ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϩϮϡϸϦ – ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «cognitive computing»); – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ) ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ЀϨϼϫϡ϶ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «traitement automatique des langues naturelle» (TALN); ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «procesamiento de lenguajes naturales»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «Natural language processing» (NLP)); – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϤϯ) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ; – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ Ѐϥϱϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 113 ϑϡϨϴϭϦϦϳϲЀ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϳϯϧϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϰϯϭЀϮϴϳϼ, Ϯϯ ϣϼϹϦϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ (ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ) ϣϯϯϢϺϦ-ϳϯ ϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ Ѐϥϱϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶. ϔϭϦϲϳϮϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϰϯϭЀϮϴϳϽ (ϫϡϫ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ (ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ) ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϧϩϣϯϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϭϡϮϦϱϡ (ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϡ) ϧϩϣϯϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ (Ϯϡ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ), ϭϡϮϦϱϡ (ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϡ) ϰϩϲϽϭϡ (ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ) ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϫ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϴ (ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϩϲϰϯϬϮЀϦϭϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϱ.). ρ ϱϡϨϮϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ (ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡ϶ ϩ ϵϱϡϨϡ϶) ϩ ϱϡϲ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ω ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϪ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ, «ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ» ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϼϪ (ϡ ϣ ϩϥϦϡϬϦ – ϩ ϴϲϳϮϼϪ) ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, Ϯϯ ϩ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ «ϸϩϲϳϼ϶» (ϩϬϩ «ϯϸϩϺϦϮϮϼ϶») ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϩ (ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϡ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ IT-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦ϶ ϬϩϷ, ϫϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ «ϭϡϹϩϮϦ». ϓϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯϤϥϡ «ϭϡϹϩϮϡ» ϲϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϡ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϡϫϳϯϱϴ – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϴ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϴϤ ϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϿ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϭϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ) ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ (ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ Ͼϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ): 1) ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡϱϩϴϲϮϡЀ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: 1.1) ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ («smart-ϲϫϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ», ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «genetic search») ϩ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ), ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ) ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ 114 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϼϫϯϰϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϣϼϢϯϱϯϫ) ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ (Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϸϦϤϯ ϴ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϭϯϤϬϯ Ϣϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϳϱϡϸϦϮϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϸϡϲϯϣ / ϥϮϦϪ / ϮϦϥϦϬϽ / ϭϦϲЀϷϦϣ / ϬϦϳ ϴϰϯϱϮϯϤϯ, ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϫϱϯϰϯϳϬϩϣϯϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ), ϣϰϬϯϳϽ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ, ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϲϴϥϽϩ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϭ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϭ (ϣ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ϶), ϩϬϩ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϬϩϷϯϭ, ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϮϴϳϯ ϴϣϡϧϡϦϭϼϭ Ͼϳϩϭ ϲϴϥϽЂϪ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϮ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϸϡϺϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ; 1.2) ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ ϰϱϡϣϡ, Ϯϯϱϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ Ϯϯϱϭ Ͼϫϲϳϱϡ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ, ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩϭϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϧϩϭϯϣ, ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϨ, ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ) – ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶: – ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯ-ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ ϰϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϱϦϧϩϭϡϭϩ (ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϰϱϴϥϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϴϥϩϳ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶, ϯϭϯϬϯϤϡϷϩЀ ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϴϱϼ ϩ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϰϱϡϣϡ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϥϱ.); 1.3) ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϡϷϩЀ ϩ϶ ϣ ϥϦϬϡ; 1.4) ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ (ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϼϫϯϰϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϣϼϢϯϱϯϫ) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϩЀ϶ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ; 1.5) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ (Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ) ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϦϳϦϪ (ϩϮϥϦϫϲϯϣ) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ (ϣ ϰϱϦϷϦϥϦϮϳϮϯϭ ϰϱϡϣϦ) ϩ ϲϦϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϯϳϲϼϬϯϫ, ϲ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϯϳϯϪ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϡ϶ ϩ ϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ϶, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϭϩ; 1.6) ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼϭϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭϩ (ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬ); 1.7) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϳϡϢϬϩϷ, Ϥϱϡϵϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϯϣ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ (ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϷϦϥϦϮϳϯϣ), ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϩ ϲϴϳϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬ; § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 115 2) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique juridique prédictive»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «analítica legal predictiva»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «predictive legal analytics») – ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϥϡϿϺϡЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ, ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀЀ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϤϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ: 2.1) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ (ϯϳϳϡϬϫϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϯϳ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϪϲЀ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ) ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϭ ϩϲϫϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϶ϯϥϡϳϡϪϲϳϣϡϭ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ Ϯϡ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶; ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϱϡϲϸЂϳ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ) ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯϤϯ ϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϡ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϦϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϶ϯϥϡϳϡϪϲϳϣ) ϩϬϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ; 2.2) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϬϡϮϯϣ, ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϴϸϡϲϳϩЀ ϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ (ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϭ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦ), ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ ϰϯ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϼϭ (ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼϭ) ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ ϩ ϹϡϤϡϭ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϰϯϥϡϸϩ ϩϲϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ); ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϥϢϯϱ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ; 2.3) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϱϡϲϸЂϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼ϶ ϫ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϯϣ ϣϯϨϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ (ϫϯϭϰϦϮϲϡϷϩϩ); 3) ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: 3.1) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϪ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϡϫϳϡϭϩ (ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ, ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϲϢϡϬϡϮϲϼ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ); 3.2) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼϭϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϡϫϳϡϭϩ (ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϡϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ, ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϫϱϼϳϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϩ ϫ ϥϦϬϡϭ); 3.3) ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϦϳϦϪ (ϩϮϥϦϫϲϯϣ) ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ (ϣ ϰϱϦϷϦϥϦϮϳϮϯϭ ϰϱϡϣϦ) ϩ ϲϦϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϯϳϲϼϬϯϫ; 4) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: 4.1) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϼϢϯϱϯϫ (ϰϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ), «ϰϯϮϩϭϡЀ», ϫϡϫϯϣϼ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϥϩϨϡϪϮ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩϪ, ϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϩ϶ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ (ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ 116 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡЀ ϮϡϣϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ), ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϦ; 4.2) ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϮϡϬϯϤϯϣϼ϶ ϥϦϫϬϡϱϡϷϩϪ; 4.3) ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩЀ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶ (ϮϦЀϣϮϼ϶, ϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶) ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶, ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϩ϶ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ; 4.4) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ, ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϭ; 4.5) ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϭ ϨϬϯϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϭ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ; 4.6) «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩϦ» ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ ϯ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ϶; 4.7) ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϮϦϲϳϼϫϯϣϯϫ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ (ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ϶) ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ, ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϭϩ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ, ϰϯϥϳϡϲϯϣϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ (ϩϬϩ ϲϬϡϢϯ-ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶), ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϷϦϥϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.; 4.8) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϥϬϩϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϲϯϤϬϡϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϯϤϯϣϯϱϯϣ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ; 4.9) ϰϡϳϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; 5) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ (Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ-ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫϯϣ) ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ: 5.1) ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ (ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ) ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϬϡ ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϡ (ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϲϫϯϤϯ ϢϿϱϯ) Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϬ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ) ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϼ϶ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶; 5.2) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ «ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ» ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϥϽϩ ϣ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϥϦϬϡϭ (ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϭϡϹϩϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϼϥϡЂϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϥϽϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ 87-ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ ϣ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϶ϯϥϡϳϡϪϲϳϣ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϯ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϥϦϬϡϭ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϴ); ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϲϴϥϽϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳ ϩϬϩ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬ ϥϡϮϮϯϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ ϥϦϬϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ, ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϼ϶ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶; 5.3) ϳϱЂ϶ϭϦϱϮϡЀ (3D) ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϳϣϩϮ-ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ (ϷϩϵϱϯϣϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ-ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫ) ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ; § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 117 6) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: 6.1) ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϡϢϯ-ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϧϩϣϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ (ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ, Ϯϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ Ϣϼϳϯϣϼϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ) ϲ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ; 6.2) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯ-ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϭϡϹϩϮϮϼϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ ϲ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ (ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ) ЀϨϼϫϡ Ϯϡ ϩϮϯϪ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ). ϑЀϥ ϩϨ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ (ϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϦ ϴϧϦ), ϡ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϦϤϯ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. ώϯ ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϴϧϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ? ώϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϲ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϤϱϡϧϥϡϮ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϢϱϩϲϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ Ͽϱϩϥϩϫϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ: 1) ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϯϣ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϪ ϤϱϡϧϥϡϮ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϥϦϬ (ϲϯ ϲϫϣϯϨϮϼϭ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϮϼϭ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ (ϲ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϱϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϯϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ) ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϲ ϣϦϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϲϰϩϲϫϯϣ, ϲ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϦϨϦϱϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ, ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϪ), ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ Ϯϩϭ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪϲЀ (ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϭϯϪ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡ϶) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϦ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϭ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϴϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ϶ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼϦ) ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϪ ϤϱϡϧϥϡϮ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ, ϰϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϮϯϤϯЀϱϴϲϮϯϪ ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϴϱϦ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ (ϥϦϬ) – ϲ ϣϼϥϡϸϦϪ ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϣϼϤϱϴϨϫϯϪ ϣ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ (ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϭ ϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϥϡϳϡϭ): 1.1) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϭ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ (ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϡϭϩ) ϥϦϬϡ϶ – ϣ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϩϣϹϦϭϴ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϬϴ (ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ); 1.2) ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ – ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ (ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ (ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϧϩϭϯϣ), ϨϡϫϯϮϯϣ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϨϡϫϯϮϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϯϳϫϡϨϼ ϣ ϨϡϺϩϳϦ ϰϱϡϣ, ϲϣϯϢϯϥ ϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ϶ 118 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϡϱϴϹϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣ ϰϯ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϥϦϬϡϭ (ϢϬϯϫϡϭ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϪ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ); 1.3) ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ – ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭ (ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϣϲϦϭ, ϩϬϩ Ϩϡ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϱϦϤϩϯϮϴ) ϥϦϬϡϭ (ϳϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϳϩϰϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϲϳϡϳϽϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϡ), ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ: 1.3.1) ϮϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϧϩϥϡϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ (ϯϳϫϡϨ), 1.3.2) ϢϼϬϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϧϩϥϡϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ, 1.3.3) ϢϼϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϼ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϦ (ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϼϦ) ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ; 1.4) ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϹϡϿϺϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϲ϶ϯϧϦϭ ϥϦϬϦ (ϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ – ϣ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϩϣϹϦϭ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϬϦ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϨϡϺϩϳϼ (ϰϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬ – ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϲ϶ϯϧϩ϶ ϲ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϩϣϹϩϭ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϬϯϭ, ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϢϼϬϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϧϩϥϡϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϱϡϨϱϦϹЂϮϮϼ϶); 1.5) ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬ – ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϲ϶ϯϧϩ϶ ϲ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϩϣϹϩϭ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϬϯϭ, ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϢϼϬϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϧϩϥϡϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϱϡϨϱϦϹЂϮϮϼ϶): 1.5.1) ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ («ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϯϫ») ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϭ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϬϡ, ϥϬЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϼ ϣ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϥϦϬϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϣϼϥϡϸϴ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ / ϰϯϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϮϼϭ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ; 1.5.2) ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϦϬЀ (ϥϦϬϡ), ϥϬЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϼ ϣ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϥϦϬϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϣϼϥϡϸϴ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ (ϵϯϱϭ) ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϦϬϿ; § 2.6. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 119 1.5.3) ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϯϣ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϭϴ ϥϦϬϴ (ϲ ϣϼϤϱϴϨϫϯϪ ϰϯϸϳϯϣϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϼ϶ ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣ); 1.5.4) ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϯ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ ϥϦϬϡϭ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϯϦ ϫ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϯϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϦϬЀ; 1.6) ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬ ϰϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ; 1.7) ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϯ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ϶ «ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ» (ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮЀ) ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 1.8) ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ ϩ ЀϣϮϼ϶ ϯϳϰϩϲϯϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϯϱϤϡϮϴ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 1.9) ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϲϲ-ϱϦϬϩϨϯϣ, ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϲϡϪϳϦ ϩ ϥϱ.; 2) ϯϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϩϷϩϡϳϩϣ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ; 3) ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϬ ϰϯ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϭ ϣ ϡϥϱϦϲ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀϭ; 4) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϯϰϰϯϮϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ) ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ; 5) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϦ ϨϬϯϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϭ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϥϦϬϡ; 6) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϲ ϣϼϥϡϸϦϪ ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ ϩϬϩ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ (ϥϦϬϡ, ϫϦϪϲϡ) ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ (ϰϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ «ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϭ», ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ: ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ, ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭ ϥϦϬϡ, ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ϶ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶); 7) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ ϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϲ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϣϼϤϱϴϨϫϩ (ϣϼϥϡϸϩ) ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ ϩϬϩ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ (ϥϦϬϡ, ϫϦϪϲϡ) ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϮϯϯϢϻЂϭϮϼ϶ (ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼ϶) ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ, ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ 120 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϪ), ϲϰϱϡϣϯϫ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩϨ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ – ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶: 7.1) ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 7.2) ϥϬЀ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϣϣϯϥϡ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϴϿ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϴ / ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϳϩϫϴ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ (Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϣϲЂ ϨϮϡϳϽ Ϯϩϫϯϭϴ ϮϦ ϰϯϥ ϲϩϬϴ); 8) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϥϯϤϯϣϯϱϡ «ϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶» ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϳϣϯϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϫϩ, ϭϯϹϦϮϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϯϭϦϱϮϼϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ, ϰϱϯϸϩ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ; 9) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ (Ϯϡ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼϦ ЀϨϼϫϩ, ϲ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ЀϨϼϫϯϣ) ϣ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 10) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϡ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 11) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫϯϣ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ (ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ) Ϯϡ ϰϯϥϰϩϲϽ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϬϩϷ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ; 12) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ) ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ. σϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϥϡϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. ϒϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϼϹϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϼϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϭ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ (ϴϧϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϦ) Ϩϡ ϱϴϢϦϧϯϭ. § 2.7. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 121 § 2.7. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϲϬϩЀϮϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϩϣϦϬϩ ϫ ϷϴϮϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϣ265. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «engineering analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϓϦϱϭϩϮ «ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩЀ» ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϯϳ ϬϡϳϩϮϲϫϯϤϯ «ingenium», ϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ «ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ», ϩ «ingeniare», ϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ «ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϽ, ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ»266. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ σ.Ϗ. σϯϬϫϯϣϯϪ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϣϰϩϲϡϮ ϣ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϣ ϾϳϩϭϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϯϣϡ (ϬϡϳϩϮϲϫϩϪ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ ingenium ϣ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϫ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϿ»): ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴ, ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ267. ώϡ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϲϵϦϱ IT-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϋϬϾϱ ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytics engineer») ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϯϸϩϺϦϮϮϼϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴЀ ϩ϶ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϰϱϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. σ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϡϳϩϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϳϱϡϳϩϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϼ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϳϡϫϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ ϣϦϱϲϩϪ ϩ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϥϯϣϯϪ ϢϡϨϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϳϯϱ-ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϥϩϳϦϬϽ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ 265 Engineering Analytics: Advances in Research and Applications [ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: υϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ϶] / Edited by Luis Rabelo, Edgar Gutierrez-Franco, Alfonso Sarmiento, and Christopher Mejía-Argueta. – Boca Raton (FL, USA): Press, 2022. – xiv; 268 p. – P. ix. 266 About IAENG // <https://www.iaeng.org/about_IAENG.html>. 267 σϯϬϫϯϣϡ σ.Ϗ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϵϡϫϳϯϱ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ώτϓϔ ϩϭ. ϑ.φ. ρϬϦϫϲϦϦϣϡ. ϒϦϱ.: «ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶. ϋϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ». – 2014. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 5–10. – ϒ. 7, 9, 10. 122 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϴϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀϭ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ268. ύϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϦ (ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯϦ) ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ: ϦϲϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽ ϡϣϳϯϭϯϢϩϬϦϪ, ϳϯ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϡϮϫϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϬϩϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϡϣϳϯϭϯϢϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ-ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϥϬЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴϨϬϯϣ ϡϣϳϯϭϯϢϩϬϦϪ. ωϮϧϦϮϦϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬϽ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫ ϩϮϵϱϡϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϩ ϱϦϸϽ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϩϥЂϳ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϯϢ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ» ϣ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ). ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫϯϣ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ-ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϯϮϺϩϫϯϣ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ-ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϯϣ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳϯϣ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «professional engineering consultants») ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ., ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ IT-ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϡ (ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ, ϫϯϮϲϡϬϳϩϮϤ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.). Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϡ269, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩϪ270, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϰϼϳϮϯ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϪ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϱϩϲϫϡϭϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯ-ϤϱϡϥϯϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. 268 Carroll C. What is analytics engineering? [Ϙϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ?] // <https://www.getdbt.com/what-is-analytics-engineering/>. – 21.03.2023. 269 ϒϴ϶ϯϣ ρ.σ., ϋϯϮϿϹϦϣ σ.σ., ϋϡϬϩϬϦϷ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϡ / ρϱ϶ϩϣ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ. 270 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϞϱϫϦϮϯϣϡ σ.σ. ϐϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϼ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩϪ // ώϦϥϱϯϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ. XXI ϣϦϫ. – 2020. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 80–84. § 2.8. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 123 § 2.8. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analytique du renseignement», «analyse du renseignement»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «intelligence analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϬϯϣϯ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ» ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϯϳ ϲϳϡϱϯϲϬϡϣЀϮϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϬϡϤϯϬϡ «ϣϦϥϡϳϽ» – «ϨϮϡϳϽ», «ϴϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ», ϩϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ «ϱϡϨϴϨϮϡϣϡϮϩЀ»271. ώϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ (ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϫϯϭϰϱϯϭϩϲϲϮϯϪ) ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϮϦϳ ϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϯϣ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ». ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϩϨ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϪ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ» ϩ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ» ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩЀ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϴϲϩϬϩϪ, ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ (ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϮϳϯϣ). ϒϿϥϡ ϧϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϳ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϨϡϫϱϼϳϯϲϳϽ, ϲϦϫϱϦϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϪ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (϶ϯϳЀ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦϭ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϦϪ (ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϦϫϴϺϩ϶ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϤϱϯϨϡ϶ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ). ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ ϴϲϴϤϴϢϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ» ϣϲЂ ϸϡϺϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϲϵϦϱ, ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϫϡϫ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ (ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϡЀ, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϡЀ, ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ), ϫϱϩϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ, ϤϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ, ϱϦϲϴϱϲϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϡ ϴϲϩϬϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϲ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϣϩϥϡϭϩ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σϦϥϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϲ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϨϡϫϡϮϸϩϣϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶. σϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϡЀϲЀ ϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯϭ ϸϦϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ 271 ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ ϑ.σ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϴϱϲ HUMINT ϥϬЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. – ύ.: τϯϱЀϸϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ – ϓϦϬϦϫϯϭ, 2022. – 340 ϲ. – ϒ. 23. 124 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ – ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯϭ ϸϦϤϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯ ϯϮϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ. σϼЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϲϫϱϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϳ ϣϡϲ (ϩϬϩ ϣϡϹϦϤϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ) ϰϯ ϣϯϬϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ – ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ, ϲϢϯϱϦ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ272. σ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϯϱϤϡϮϡ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϮϼ ϩ ϨϡϺϩϳϴ ϦЂ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ, ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϡЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϢϼϣϡϿϳ ϯϱϤϡϮϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫ Ϯϩϭ ϲϳϦϫϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀЀ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡЀ ϩ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϴЀ (ϯϸϩϺϡЀ), ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡЀ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴЀ, ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴЀ, ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀЀ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϴЀ Ͼϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ. σ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ: – ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϦϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ («ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϿϺϡЀ», ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ). σ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ (ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ) 5 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ «ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ» ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϬϩϷ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϸϩϮϯϣϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, Ͼϳϩ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: ϡϤϦϮϳϴϱϮϡЀ («ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϡЀ») ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Human intelligence», HUMINT), – Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϳ ϬϩϷ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϳ ϩϬϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϥϯϲϳϴϰ ϫ ϲϦϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶; 272 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for analytic cognition: Guide for doing all-source intelligence analysis [ϑϡϭϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 / Air Force research laboratory, 711 TH Human performance wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, WrightPatterson air force base, Air Force Materiel Command of the United States Air Force. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA), 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 4–6. § 2.8. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 125 ϱϡϥϩϯϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϡЀ («ϲϩϤϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ») ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Signals intelligence», SIGINT), – Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϣϡϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸ; ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ («ϣϩϥϯϣϡ˃Ѐ» ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ), (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Imagery intelligence», IMINT), ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϤϦϯϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϯϪ («Geospatial intelligence», GEOINT), – Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϯϱ, ϱϦϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϤϦϯϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϤϦϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϫ ϨϦϭϬϦ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ; ϩϨϭϦϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϲϩϤϮϡϳϴϱϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Measurement and Signature Intelligence», MASINT), – Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ (ϳϩϰϡ ЀϥϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϱϼϣϡ), ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϳ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ, ϫϡϫ ϯϰϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ, ϡϫϴϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϦϪϲϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϳϸϩϫϩ; ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϰϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Open source intelligence», OSINT), – Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϺϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϣ ϰϦϸϡϳϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϣ ϒύω, ϲϯϷϲϦϳЀ϶, ϭϦϲϲϦϮϥϧϦϱϡ϶)273. 273 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 582–583. 126 τόρσρ 2. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 2.9. ϋϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϋϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «counterintelligence analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϵϯϱϭ ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ. σ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϡ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ ϩ ϩ϶ ϡϤϦϮϳϴϱϼ, ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ, ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϰϼϳϯϫ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϨϭϦϮϼ, ϹϰϩϯϮϡϧϡ ϩϬϩ ϥϦϨϦϱϳϩϱϲϳϣϡ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲЀϤϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ «ϴϳϦϸϦϫ» ϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϦϭϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϮϦϲϡϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϡ ϫ Ϯϩϭ, ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϲϡϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϯϣ ϬϩϷ, ЀϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϮϯϲϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϡϪϮϼ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϡϪϮϼ, ϲ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡϭϩ, ϣϦϱϢϯϣϯϸϮϼ϶ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϯϣ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϬϩϷ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. σ ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ: – ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϱϦϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ («ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϿϺϡЀ», ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϫϱϩϰϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϡЀ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ). 127 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ- § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 3.4. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡ϶ § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ σϼ ϣϩϥϦϬϩ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϤϩϭϮϡϲϳϯϣ-ϯϬϩϭϰϩϪϷϦϣ? Ϡ ϣϩϥϦϬ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϼϳϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϳϦϬϡ – ϢϦϲϰϯϺϡϥϮϡЀ, ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϡϳϮϡЀ, ϯϢϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϥϯϢϱϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϯϳϯϭ ϩ ϫϱϯϣϽϿ. ϓϯϸϮϯ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ, ϫϡϫ ϤϩϭϮϡϲϳϼ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϴϿϳ ϳϦϬϯ, ϣϡϹ σϔψ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϯϣϡϬ ϮϡϹϩ ϭϯϨϤϩ. ψϡ ϹϦϲϳϽ ϬϦϳ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ςϡϴϭϡϮϫϡ ϰϱϯϳϡϺϩϬϡ ϩ϶ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϰϼϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϫϡϭϦϱϼ ϭϡϳϡϮϡ, ϲϯϰϱϡϭϡϳϡ, ϥϩϵϴϱϯϣ ϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮ ϩ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ. ύϼ ϮϦ ϲϰϡϬϩ Ϯϯϸϡϭϩ, ϭϼ ϲ϶ϯϥϩϬϩ ϲ ϴϭϡ, ϭϼ ϴϸϩϬϩ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϲϳϱϡϮϩϸϮϼϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϵϯϱϭϴϬ ϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϭϼ, ϭϼ ϸϦϱϳϩϬϩ ϨϴϢϸϡϳϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ, ϩϨϴϸϡϬϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϲϣϦϱϬϡ, ϨϦϮϫϦϱϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϫϩ, Ϯϡϲ ϴϸϩϬϩ ϲϣϡϱϫϦ ϩ ϬϩϳϽϿ, ϩ ϭϼ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϮϫϯϣϴϿ ϢϡϹϮϿ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϯϳϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϫϯϫϩϬϽ. ω ϨϮϡϦϳϦ, Ѐ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ ϣϡϭ ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱϦϮ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϩϬϩ Ϯϡϲ Ͼϳϯ ϣϼϴϸϩϳϽ ϩ ϢϦϲϰϯϺϡϥϮϯ ϯϳϸϩϲϬϩϬϩ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϭϯϤ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ Ϩϡ϶ϯϳϦϬ. ςϡϴϭϡϮϫϴ ϣϼϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϬϩϹϽ 50 % ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϣ ϮϦЂ ϨϡϹЂϬ. ώϯ ϳϦ, ϫϳϯ ϣϼϹϦϬ, – Ͼϳϯ ϬϿϥϩ ϲ ϴϰϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϭϯϨϤϡϭϩ. ϒ ϭϯϨϤϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϭϼ ϲ ϳϦϬϯϭ ϤϩϭϮϡϲϳϡ, – ϲϩϬϽϮϼϦ, ϤϩϢϫϩϦ ϩ ϮϦϴϳϯϭϩϭϼϦ. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϰϦϷϮϡϨ, ϦϲϬϩ ϶ϯϳϩϳϦ… ωϨ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϮϩϫϡ ύτϓϔ ϩϭ. ώ.Ϟ. ςϡϴϭϡϮϡ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϫϳϯϱϴ ρ.ρ. ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϯϣϴ (ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ). 128 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϲϳϡϬϯ Ϯϡ ϰϴϳϽ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣ274. 1. Ϗ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϴ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϴϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 12.10.2022275 ϣϮϯϣϽ (ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϒϙρ) ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϬϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϡϭϼϭϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϡϭϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ – ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϙρ. ϒϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϱϦϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϮϡϹϦϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϴ ϲϵϦϱϴ. ϋϯϮϷϦϰϷϩЀ (ϫϳϯ Ϣϼ Ϯϩ ϲϳϡϬ ϦЂ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ) ϣϯϲϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϡϱϡϺϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ, ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϮϩЀ ϢϦϥϼ ϰϯϣϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϥϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϦϥϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϴ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯ ϮϡϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϿϺϩϪ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϲϰϬϦϲϫ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϫ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϢϴϥϽ ϳϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϵϡϱϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, HR-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϡЀ. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, Ϯϡ ϥϯϬϤϴϿ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϴ – ϮϩϫϡϫϡЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϡ ϮϦ ϨϡϭϦϮϩϳ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ 274 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 10. 275 National Security Strategy, October 12, 2022. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2022. – 48 p. – P. 46. <https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-HarrisAdministrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf>. § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 129 ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ϶. ϓϱϦϢϴϿϳϲЀ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϥϯϬϤϯϲϱϯϸϮϼϦ ϩϮϣϦϲϳϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϴϭϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϫϡϫ ϴϧϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϯ ϣϼϹϦ, – Ͼϳϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ «ϫϳϯ ϰϯϰϡϬϯ» ϩϬϩ «ϫϳϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϦϢЀ ϳϡϫ ϲϡϭ ϱϦϹϩϬ ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ», ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡЀ ϩ ϣϼϥϡϣϡЀ ϧϦϬϡϦϭϯϦ Ϩϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «pensée désidérative»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «wishful thinking»). ώϯ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϳ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ϋϡϫϯϪ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ? σ ϸЂϭ ϯϮϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϳϽ ϩ ϣ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶ ϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ? ώϡ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ϶, ϰϯϲϯϢϩЀ϶, ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡ϶? ϐϯ ϫϡϫϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ? ϋϡϫϯϣϼ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ? ϐϯ ςϩϬϬϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϲϴ, «ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ»276. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϡϦϳϲЀ, ϯϮϩ ϣϼϳϦϲϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϨϣϡϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ. σ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, Ͼϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϭ ϫϡϮϴϬϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϦ. ϒϳϡϱϼϦ ϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϲϯϣϦϳϲϫϩϦ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϩ ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϭ ϢϦϨϣϯϨϣϱϡϳϮϯ ϴϹϬϩ. ωϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϩ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϬϩϢϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϴϧϦ ϴϭϦϱϹϩϭϩ ϮϦϥϡϣϮϯ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϬϩϢϯ, ϫ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϫ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϿ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ϐϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ (ϰϦϱϦϵϱϡϨϩϱϴЀ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϫϡ) ϯϢϬϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϮϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϦϳ ϣ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϮϳϡ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϡ ϣ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϳϯϱϲϫϯϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ) ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϦϬЀ, ϨϡϭϦϺϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ (ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ) ϮϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϦϳ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ Ͼϳϯ ϬϩϷϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, Ϯϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. υϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϼϲϯϳ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϴϧϦϮ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϴϧϮϡ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ (ϰϴϲϳϽ ϩ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ). ϖϯϳЀ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϫϬϡϲϲϮϼϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϡϭϯϴϸϫϡ (ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳ), Ͼϳϯ ϦϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϢϡϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱЀϿϺϦϭ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ (ϲ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϦϪ Ϧϭϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭϩ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ). ϐϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ (ϲ ϮϴϬЀ) ϲϡϭϯϴϸϫϩ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ (ϦϲϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϢϼϣϡϿϳ). 276 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϔϫϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 352 c. – ϒ. 238. 130 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ώϯ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϸϦϭϴ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯ ϣ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϡ ϸϳϯ ϮϦϳ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳϲЀ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϴϥϩϳ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϲϭϯϳϱ ϣϲϦ϶ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϾϭϰϳϩϣϮϼ϶, ϤϩϢϱϩϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶ ϮϦϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϯϪϮϡ϶277, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϣ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. υϡ, ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϢϦϲϳϡϬϡϮϮϼϦ, ϬϦϮϩϣϼϦ, ϢϦϨϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϩ, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϡ ϰϯϤϯϣϯϱϫϡ – «ϮϦ ϣ ϫϯϮЀ ϫϯϱϭ», ϩϢϯ ϣϲϦ ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϦ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϴϹϬϩ «ϣ ϰϦϲϯϫ». ω ϫϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ ϓϯϭϡϲ ϋϯϴϾϮ, ϩ϶ «ϯϳϣϦϳ – “ϭϼ ϳϡϫϩϦ, ϫϡϫϩϭϩ ϣϼ Ϯϡϲ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϩ” – ϰϯϣϦϱϤϮϦϳ ϩ϶ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϩϨϴϭϬϦϮϩϦ»278. ώϯ Ϯϡϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϳ ϮϦ ϯϮϩ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϧϦϬϡϦϳ ϩ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϦϬϦ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϴ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϲϦ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϩ. ω ϦϺЂ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϩϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ: ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϭ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭ ϴϧϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϤϯϲЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϴϧϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ? ω ϦϲϬϩ ϥϡ, ϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϸϦϭϴ ϦϤϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ? ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ, ϰϦϱϦϬϡϤϡЀ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ЀϨϼϫ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼ϶ (ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϴϨϫϩϦ ϱϦϥϫϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ) ϵϯϱϭϡϳϡ϶ ϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ (ϦϲϬϩ ϴϤϯϥϮϯ – ϰϦϱϦϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ) ϮϦ ϫϴϱϲϡϮϳϯϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϸϩϬϩϺϡ (ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ) ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϭϯϬϯϥϼ϶ ϬϦϪϳϦϮϡϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϮϯϣ, ϭϡϪϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϥϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫϯϣ, ϴϧϦ ϲϳϡϣϹϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ (ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ) ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ, ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϣ ϤϦϯϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «geospatial intelligence» (GEOINT)) ϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϦ ϰϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «renseignement d’origine sources ouvertes», «renseignement de sources ouvertes»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «Open source intelligence» (OSINT)). ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϳϡϫϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϮϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. 277 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. ώϦϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϪϮϼ. – ύ.: ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2019. – 87 ϲ. Cowan T.A. The design of legal experiment // Journal of Legal Education. – 1954. – Vol. 6. – ࠪ 4. – P. 520–538. – P. 520. 278 § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 131 ϐϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϦЂ ϩϮϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϮϴϿ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϴϿ (ϩϬϩ ϢϡϨϩϲϮϴϿ) ϸϡϲϳϽ. ϓϴϳ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϳϯϪϳϩ ϯϳ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϲϳϱϡϮϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϡϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϮϦϫϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϼ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ЀϫϯϢϼ, ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϥϡϲϳ «ϮϡϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ», «ϮϡϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ» ϩ «ϮϡϲϬϴϹϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ», ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ «Ϩϡϳϯϸϩϳ ϤϬϡϨ», «ϮϡϢϽЂϳ ϱϴϫϴ» ϩ «ϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϳ ϭϯϨϤϩ». ϑϡϨϴϭϦϦϳϲЀ, Ͼϳϯ – ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩЀ, Ϯϩ ϫ ϸϦϭϴ ϰϴϳϮϯϭϴ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ. υϡ, ϣ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ «ϮϡϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ» ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ «ϤϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϦϭ ϣϫϴϲϡ», ϭϯϬ, ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϰϯϲϭϯϳϱϦϬ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϣϼϥϡϳϽ ϭϯϨϤ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ (ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϲϦϳϩ ωϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ). Ϟϳϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯ ϣ ϢϬϡϤϯϴϫϱϡϹϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ, ϭϯϥϼ, Ϯϯ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϮϦ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϮϦ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϸϩϳϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϥϡ, ϩ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϯϣ) ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϼ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϴϧϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϳϯ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ. ώϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϮϦ ϲ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϯϰϩϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯ ϩ, ϴϧ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩϭ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ. φϲϬϩ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯϢ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϮϴϧϮϼ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϼ ϩ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ. ϋϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϬϿϥϩ ϲϴϭϦϿϳ ϥϯϪϳϩ ϥϯ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲϡϭϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϩϡ ϥϯϬϤϩϦ Ϥϯϥϼ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩЀ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϯϣϯϫ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϦϬϡ϶ («ϫϦϪϲϡ϶»), Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϴϳϽ ϰϱϯϢ ϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ. υϡ, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϩ ϰϯϱϯϿ ϮϦϰϬϯ϶ϯϤϯ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮ ϰϯ ϮϡϩϳϩϿ, ϣ ϯϳϱϼϣϦ ϯϳ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ (ϣϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϯϳϱϩϷϡϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϮϦϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϦϲϬϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϰϯ ϵϡϫϳϴ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϳ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϧϦϬϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϦϢϦ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ). ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϮϡϢϱϡϲϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ «ϲϬϦϰϯϤϯ ϢϬϴϧϥϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ, ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢ ϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϰϱϯϲϦϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϵϩϬϽϳϱϯϣϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϫϡϧϴϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ (ϥϡϧϦ – ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ) ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϭ ϩ ϥϦϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ (ϯϳϲϦϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϳϢϱϡϲϼϣϡϮϩЀ) ϫϡϧϴϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϮϦϮϴϧϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ЀϣϮϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϤϯ, ϥϡϬϦϦ – ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϡϢϬϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϥϬϡϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϧϴϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϭ, ϥϣϩϤϡЀϲϽ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. 132 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ώϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϴϳϽ – ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ, ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ. ρ ϣ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϪ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϴϳϽ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. υϡ ϩ ϮϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϲϦ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭϴ ϴϱϯϣϮϿ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ, ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϩϨ ϣϲϳϡϣϹϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϼϹϦ, ϣ ϬϴϸϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ «ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϼ϶ ϫϡϹ ϩ ϲϡϬϡϳϯϣ», ϮϦϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϮϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϯ ϣϼϥϡϣϡϦϭϼ϶ Ϩϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ. ω, ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϴϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ (ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶), ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶). ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩϪ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. ω Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϸϦϮ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϦϮ, ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϦϮ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϦϮ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϦϮ. ϑϦϭϦϲϬϴ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ύϡϱϳϩϮ ϖϡϪϥϦϤϤϦϱ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϓϯ, ϸϳϯ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, “ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ” ϰϬϡϣϡϮϩϦϭ, ϭϼ ϴϨϮϡЂϭ ϮϦ ϩϨ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϳϱϡϫϳϡϳϡ ϯ ϰϬϡϣϡϮϩϩ. Ϗ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϰϬϡϣϡϮϩϦ, ϲϫϡϧϦϳ Ϯϡϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϼϧϯϫ ϣ ϱϦϫϴ»279. ώϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϳϯϳ ϧϦ ύϡϱϳϩϮ ϖϡϪϥϦϤϤϦϱ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϳ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ, «ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϥϡϥϩϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϦϤϯ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϿ ϩ ϢϴϥϦϭ ϰϱϩϬϦϧϮϯ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ. ύϼ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϭ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬЀϳϽ Ϯϡϥ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ. ύϼ ϯϲϳϡЂϭϲЀ ϣϮϦ ϤϯϬϯϪ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ»280, ϳϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ. υϧϯϱϥϧ ςϯϫϲ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϐϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϥϦϬϡ, ϣϲϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϮϦϳϯϸϮϼ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ – ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ»281. φϲϬϩ ϮϦ «ϨϡϥϩϱϡϳϽ» ϰϬϡϮϫϴ ϥϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯϤϯ ϩϥϦϡϬϡ, ϡ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϭϦϱϴ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ, Ͼϳϡ ϷϦϬϽ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϡ. ώϯ ϩ ϦЂ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϰϱϯϲϳϯ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓ.σ. ςϡϱϲϯϣϴ, «ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ Ϯϩ ϭϡϬϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϲϰϯϱϡ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϯϨЀϩϮ ϲϣϯϦϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϡϤϡϳϽ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϪ ϰϯ ϰϬϡϮϴ, ϫϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϧϭϴ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϥϯϢϮϼϭ, ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϭ. σϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϩ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϣϯ-ϰϦϱϣϼ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϦϲϽ ϰϬϡϮ 279 ϖϡϪϥϦϤϤϦϱ ύ. Ϙϳϯ ϨϯϣЂϳϲЀ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ? / ϐϦϱ. Ϟ. ϒϡϤϦϳϥϩϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϓϦϱϱϩϳϯϱϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ, 2006. – 320 ϲ. – ϒ. 45. 280 ϖϡϪϥϦϤϤϦϱ ύ. Ϙϳϯ ϨϯϣЂϳϲЀ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ? / ϐϦϱ. Ϟ. ϒϡϤϦϳϥϩϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϓϦϱϱϩϳϯϱϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ, 2006. – 320 ϲ. – ϒ. 45. 281 Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful [ϐϯ ϲϴϳϩ, ϣϲϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϮϦϳϯϸϮϼ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ] // <https://www.quantumdiaries.org/2014/07/04/wrong/>. § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 133 Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϬ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϿϺϦϪ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϦϪ ϣϲϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ, ϣϯ-ϣϳϯϱϼ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϪ ϰϬϡϮ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϮϩϭϡϬ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϣ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϪ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϦЂ ϨϡϥϡϸϦ ϩ ϷϦϬЀϭ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩ ϲϳϡϣϩϬ ϣϲЀϫϩϪ ϣϯϹϦϥϹϩϪ ϣ Ϯϡϴϫϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϭϦϲϳϦ»282. 2. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϴϸϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ ϦϺЂ ϣ 1955 Ϥϯϥϴ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϬϲЀ ϮϡϲϸЂϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϴ ϒϙρ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϦ ϶ϣϡϳϡϦϳ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ – ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ283. ώ.ώ. ςϯϱϥϿϧϡ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϫϡϥϱϯϣ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϣ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϰϡϤϡϮϥϦ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϯϤϯ284. ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫϯϣ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲ ϰϱЀϭϼϭ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϼϭ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϳϦϭϴ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϮϦ ϮϡϪϳϩ. ύϯϧϮϯ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϰϯϲϡϭϯϯϢϭϡϮϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϸϳϯ Ϣϴϥϳϯ Ϣϼ ϦϲϳϽ ϤϥϦ-ϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϩ ϰϯϥ Ϥϱϩϵϯϭ «ϲϦϫϱϦϳϮϯ», Ϯϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϦϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϡϭϩ, ϩϢϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϼ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϯϣ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϩ ϶ϯϳϽ ϣ ϸЂϭ-ϳϯ ϱϡϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϨϥϮϯ ϰϱϯЀϣϩϬϩ Ϣϼ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩЀ϶, Ϯϡ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϫϯϮϵϦϱϦϮϷϩЀ϶ ϩ ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱϡ϶. σ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ IT-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϭϡϱϫϦϳϩϮϤϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϪ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϢϡϮϫϯϣϲϫϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϯϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϿ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϣϩϥϦϯ-ϫϴϱϲϼ ϩ ϯϮϬϡϪϮ-ϫϴϱϲϼ) ϯϲϮϯϣϡϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ285. 282 ςϡϱϲϯϣϻ ϓ.σ. Ϗ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮiϩ ϷϦϱϫϯϣϮϡϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϣϻ ϮϡϹϩ϶ϻ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ϶ϻ // ϖϱϩϲϳiϡϮϲϫϯϦ ϸϳϦϮiϦ. – 1876. – ࠪ 3–4. – ϒ. 529–540. – ϒ. 536–537. 283 Kent S. The Need for an Intelligence Literature [ϐϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϰϯ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1955, Spring. 284 ςϯϱϥϿϧϡ ώ.ώ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦϭ // όϴϸϹϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ – ϮϡϹϩ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϩϫϩ. σϼϰ. 1. – ύ.: ϑϔυώ; ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2021. – 350 ϲ. – ϒ. 4–5. – ϒ. 4. 285 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϪ ϩ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ φϤϯϱϯϣϡ ρϱϳЂϭϡ ύϩ϶ϡϪϬϯϣϩϸϡ (ϗϦϮϳϱ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, Ϥ. ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ; https://analytera.ru): φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϞϫϲϰϦϱϳ» // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_c9JExf CoQ>. φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ: ϸϳϯ, ϤϥϦ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ? // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcuUXfkkKmI>; <https://analytera.ru/we binars/analiticheskie-kompetencii-dlya-inzhenerov-chto-gd/>. 134 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϓϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϳ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϯϪ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϰϱϦϦϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩϪ (ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϫ ϯϳϦϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩЀϭ, ϹϫϯϬϡϭ) ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϼ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ. ϔϫϡϧϦϭ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ, ϫϯϭϰϦϮϥϩϴϭ ϩ ϴϸϦϢϮϯ-ϭϦϳϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϥϬЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ BABOK (Business Analysis Body of Knowledge)286, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϪ ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϯϭ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA)) ϣ Ϥ. ϓϯϱϯϮϳϯ (ϋϡϮϡϥϡ). σ ЀϮϣϡϱϦ 2005 Ϥϯϥϡ IIBA ϣϼϰϴϲϳϩϬ ϣϦϱϲϩϿ 1.0 ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (BABOK Guide) ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϨϼϣϯϣ ϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ. Ϟϳϡ ϣϦϱϲϩЀ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϬϡ ϯϤϬϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ. σϦϱϲϩЀ 1.4 ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϣϼϰϴϺϦϮϡ ϣ ϯϫϳЀϢϱϦ 2005 Ϥϯϥϡ ϲ ϮϡϢϱϯϲϫϡϭϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. σϦϱϲϩЀ 1.6, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϣϹϡЀ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϢϼϬϡ ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϮϡ ϣ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϭ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϦ ϣ ϩϿϮϦ 2006 Ϥϯϥϡ ϩ ϯϢϮϯϣϬϦϮϡ ϲ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϣ ϯϫϳЀϢϱϦ 2008 Ϥϯϥϡ. ϐϦϱϣϡЀ ϣϦϱϲϩЀ ϢϼϬϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϡ ϣ 2006 Ϥϯϥϴ, ϣ 2015 Ϥϯϥϴ ϣϼϹϬϯ ϮϯϣϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ 3.0, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϢϼϬϯ ϣϼϰϴϺϦϮϯ ϣ ϥϦϫϡϢϱϦ 2017 Ϥϯϥϡ287. ώϯ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϴϨϫϩϦ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϬЀ ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϲϵϦϱϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϲϵϦϱϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϦϦ, ϡ ϲϵϦϱϡ ϵϡϱϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϭϡ ϲϯ ϲϵϦϱϯϪ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ). ρ.ρ. ύϩϱϬϦϲ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϬ ϲϣϼϹϦ 100 ϬϦϳ ϮϡϨϡϥ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϼϦ ϩ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϮЀ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀϹϮϦϤϯ: «ώϡ ϫϮϩϧϮϯϭ ϱϼϮϫϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϧϩϳϽ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦϭ ϥϬЀ ϧϦϬϡϿϺϩ϶ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ. ώϯ, ϫ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϡ϶ ϩ ϲϯϳϮЀ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷ ϯ ϲϳϩϬϦ, ϲϬϯϤϦ, ϣϩϥϡ϶ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϼ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀЀ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϶ϱϦϲϳϯϭϡϳϩϦϪ, ϮϦ ϨϡϳϱϡϤϩϣϡϿϳ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϴϸϡϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ: ϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦ ϥϯϢϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ, ϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϯ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϦϤϯ ϩ ϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϽ ϯϳϱϼϣϯϸϮϼ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ, ϡ ϦϲϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϩ ϫϡϲϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϪ, ϳϯ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϬϽϨϼ 286 A Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK Guide) [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ] // <https://www.iiba.org/career-resources/a-businessanalysis-professionals-foundation-for-success/babok/>. 287 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. v. § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 135 ϯϳ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϫϯϸϩϣϹϩ϶ ϣ “ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ” ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϡϬϯ»288. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ ϴϧ «ϤϯϬϡЀ ϰϴϲϳϼϮЀ», ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ ϮϩϤϥϦ ϮϦ ϤϯϳϯϣЀϳ, – ϳϡϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϭ. 3. ϑϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϖϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϪ ϰϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϮϦϳ (ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ, Ϩϡ ϱϦϥϫϩϭ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϭ ϥϦϬϯϭ ϣϫϴϲϡ). σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϯϣ ϦϤϯ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ώϩϮϦ ϋϯϴϰ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ289. ύϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϦϤϯ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ. ϓϡϫ, ϱϯϬϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϴ – ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϱϩϣϩϣϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϴ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ. φϤϯ ϱϯϬϽ – ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϣ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϮϮϦϤϯ ϴϸϡϲϳϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϴϸϡϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ290. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϤϯϳϯϣϩϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϩϮϡϸϦ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϩϬϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ, ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϱϼϮϫϯϣ ϩ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ, ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. 288 ύϩϱϬϦϲϻ ρ.ρ. ϋϡϫϻ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮiЀ? – ϋiϦϣϻ: ρϳϬϡϲϻ, 1911. – 128 ϲ. – ϒ. 3. 289 Cope N. «Intelligence Led Policing or Policing Led Intelligence?» Integrating Volume Crime Analysis into Policing [«ϐϯϬϩϷϩЀ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ?» ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ] // The British Journal of Criminology. – 2004. – Vol. 44. – ࠪ 2. – P. 188–203. – P. 188. 290 Quality Analyst Training Courses [ϋϴϱϲϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ] // <https://netmind.net/quality-analyst-training-courses/>. 136 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ ϫ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ – ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϭϡϱϫϦϳϩϮϤϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, junior-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϩ senior-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ. ώϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϢϺϩϳϽ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ. 4. ρϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϒϱϦϥϩ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϩϵϯϣ ϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϯϰϡϲϮϼϪ – ϭϩϵ ϯϢ «ϯϥϩϮϯϫϯϭ ϤϦϮϩϩ». ϓϡϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϧ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϨ Ϯϩϯϳϫϴϥϡ ϣ ϮϴϧϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ, Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ Ϯϩϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϬϩЀϦϳ, ϯϮ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϫϯϰϩϱϴϦϳ, ϯϮ ϮϡϰϱЀϭϴϿ ϲϣЀϨϡϮ ϲ… ϭϴϨϯϪ. ϏϲϳϩϮ ϋϬϦϯϮ. ϐϯϫϡϧϩ ϲϣϯϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ291. ϒϡϭϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϳϡϫϯϦ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ. ϒϱϦϥϩ ϬϩϷ, ϲϸϩϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳϼ (ϲϡϭϯϴϸϫϩ) ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ. ώϯ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳϼ – ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϱϦϥϫϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϲϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϰϩϬϯϳϡϧϡ») ϫϯϤϥϡ-ϳϯ ϢϼϬϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩϪ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϦϺЂ ϣ 1886 Ϥϯϥϴ ω.ϒ. ϑϦϭϦϨϯϣ ϰϩϲϡϬ: ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ «ϒϡϭϯϴϸϫϯϪ (ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳϯϭ) ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϳϯ ϣϼϴϸϩϬϲЀ ϸϦϭϴϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϡϭ ϲϯϢϯϿ, ϯϥϮϩϭ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϦϹϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϢϦϨ ϣϲЀϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϯϢϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϯϳϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. σ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϧϦ, Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϣϯ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϣϼϴϸϩϣϹϦϤϯϲЀ ϸϦϭϴ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϰϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡϭ, Ϯϯ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϮϦ ϰϱϯϹϦϥϹϦϤϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϴϱϲϡ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϫϡϫϯϭϴ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ, ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϷϦϬϯϪ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ… ψϡϮϩϭϡЀϲϽ, ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯ, ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩ ϳϦϭ ϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ, ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳ, ϮϦϨϡϭϦϳϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϦϢЀ, ϥϦϬϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϯϲϳϯϱϯϮϮϩϭ ϲ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϴϨϫϩϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϭ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ. ψϡϳϦϭ, ϥϯ϶ϯϥЀ ϥϯ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲϡϭ ϩ ϮϦϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϴϣϬϦϫϡЀϲϽ ϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϮϼϭϩ Ϯϡϥ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϰϯϢϦϥϡϭϩ, ϯϮ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϩϬϡ϶, ϮϦ ϰϱϩϥϡϣϡЀ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϯϱϯϮϮϦϪ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϩϳϡЀ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϴϣϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϳϱϴϥϴ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶. ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϩ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϱϼϣϼ ϩ ϫϱϴϳϼϦ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϼ ϯϳ ϯϥϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϣϬϦϫϴϳ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϿ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϴϿ ϳϱϡϳϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϴϧϦ ϥϡϣϮϼϭ-ϥϡϣϮϯ ϱϡϨϱϦϹЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϩ, ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ, 291 ϋϬϦϯϮ Ϗ. ϐϯϫϡϧϩ ϲϣϯϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ: 10 ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϳϦϢЀ ϨϡϭϦϳϩϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ϒϴ϶ϡϮϯϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 228 ϲ. – ϒ. 19. § 3.1. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 137 ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶ ϡϣϳϯϥϩϥϡϫϳϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ – ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ. ώϯ, ϫϱϯϭϦ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϭ ϲϡϭϯϴϸϫϡϭ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ, ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϼϦ, ϨϡϣϩϲЀϺϩϦ ϯϳ ϯϲϯϢϼ϶ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ»292. ω ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ω.ϒ. ϑϦϭϦϨϯϣϼϭ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϼ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϬϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼ϶ ϲϡϭϯϴϸϦϫ, ϴϣϼ, – ϬϩϹϽ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϦϺЂ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϧϯϱϥϧϡ ϒϰϩϱϡ ϩ υϯϮϡϬϽϥϡ ύϯϫϦϱϡ, ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ, ϮϦ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϱϡϦϫϳϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ; «ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϴϸϦϢϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϼ, ϯϮϩ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϼ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϴϸϦϢϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ϶ ϣϼϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϫϴϱϲ ϩϨ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϱϴϤϡ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ, ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϦ», ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϨ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϮϴϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϴ, ϸϳϯ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϴϦϳ ЀϣϮϼϪ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϱϡϨϱϼϣ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϨϡϳϱϡϸϩϣϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ, ϲ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯϪ ϰϱϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ (ϩϬϩ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ) ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ293. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϦϯϲϰϯϱϩϭϼ. 292 ύϡϳϦϱЇϡϬϼ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϳϯϱЇϩ ϮϡϱϯϥϮϡϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϣДϺϦϮЇЀ ϣϻ ϑϯϲϲЇϩ. ϒϡϭϯϴϸϫϩ / ϒϯϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ϑϦϭϦϨϯϣϻ. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ϓϩϰϯϤϱϡϵiЀ ρ.ϒ. ϒϴϣϯϱϩϮϡ, 1886. – viii; 164 ϲ. – ϒ. v, vi. 293 Spear G.E., Mocker D.W. The Organizing Circumstance: Environmental Determinants in Self-Directed Learning [ϏϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ: ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϼ ϲϱϦϥϼ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ] // Adult Education Quarterly. – 1984. – Vol. 35. – ࠪ 1. – P. 1– 10. – P. 4. 138 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϓϡϬϡϮϳ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ – Ϯϩϸϳϯ. όϿϫ ϒϫϡϪϴϯϫϦϱ, ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϧ ϲϦϱϩϡϬϡ «ύϡϮϥϡϬϯϱϦϷ» (ϲϦϨϯϮ 2, ϲϦϱϩЀ 8; 35:13). τϥϦ-ϳϯ ϰϯϳϦϱЀϬϯϲϽ ϷϦϬϯϦ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯ «ϲϱϯϫϴ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ» ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϡϭϴϿ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϱϯϲϬϯϪϫϴ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϭϦϧϣϱϦϭϦϮϽϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϴϹϬϯ, ϡ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϹϬϯ, – ϡ ϯϲϳϡϬϡϲϽ ϫϡϱϽϦϱϡ, ϥϯ϶ϯϥϼ, ϲϡϭϯϬϿϢϩϦ, ϲϡϭϯϭϮϦϮϩϦ… ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ ϖϯϥϡϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ294 ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϡ, «ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – “ϳϯϣϡϱ ϹϳϴϸϮϼϪ”, ϥϯϣϯϬϽϮϯ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϯ…, ϯϮϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩϨ… ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϯϤϯ “ϨϮϡϮϩЀ” ϯϳ ϯϳϷϡ ϫ ϲϼϮϴ, ϯϳ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀ ϫ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϴ»295. ώϡϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϦϳ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮЀЀ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϯϪ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ ϱЀϥϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ϏϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϨϡϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ρ.ύ. φϤϯϱϯϣ: «ϋϳϯ [ϩϭϦϮϮϯ] ϢϴϥϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ [ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϴ]? ϋϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ? ϒ ϸϦϤϯ ϣϼ ϣϨЀϬϩ, ϸϳϯ ϴ ϣϡϲ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ? … ώϴ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ, ϣϯϳ Ѐ ϰϯϲϬϴϹϡϿ ϰϱϯ ϣϲЀϫϩϦ Ͼϳϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϩϨϴϸϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ω ϣϯϳ Ͼϳϡ ϣϯϳ “ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ” ϭϯЀ ϤϯϬϯϣϡ, ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϳϡϫϡЀ “ϫϬϡϥϯϣϯϸϫϡ” ϮϡϰϯϬϮϩϳϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϰϯϳϩ϶ϯϮϦϸϫϴ ϩϲϸϦϨϡϳϽ, ϱϡϲϳϣϯϱЀϳϽϲЀ… Ϟϳϯ – ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϫ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϱϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ… φϲϬϩ [ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ] ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϮϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ [Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ] Ͼϳϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϰϯ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϳϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϱϡϲϲϡϲϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϨ ϦϤϯ ϤϯϬϯϣϼ. ϐϯϸϦϭϴ? ϐϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϤϯϬϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ [ϦϺЂ] ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϹϬϩ Ϯϡ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϯϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ, Ϯϡ ϳϯϳ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ, ϰϯϲϬϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϮϩ ϴϧϦ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϡϲϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ, ϡ ϯϲϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ [ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ] ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶… ρ ϫϯϤϥϡ Ѐ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϴϧϦ ϲϭϯϤϴ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϼ ϯϳ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ?»296. σϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϱϦϨϯϮϮϼ ϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ. 294 <https://t.me/aleksandr_skif/2474>. – 06.11.2022. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 20. 296 φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϞϫϲϰϦϱϳ» / ϗϦϮϳϱ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (Ϥ. ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ) // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_c9JExfCoQ>. – 00:26:35 – 00:28:10. 295 § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 139 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓ. ϐϡϱϲϯϮϲϴ ϩ ώϯϱϭϡϮϴ ϒϳϯϱϦϱϴ, Ϩϡ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϮϦϲЂϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϪ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϪ297. σϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϦϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ (ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶, ϲ ϰϯϬϮϼϭ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ) ϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϯϣ. ώϯ ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϦϮ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ υϧϴϬϩ υϩϱϫϲϦϮ, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϳ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫϩϭ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϰϯϥϡЂϳϲЀ298. ϐϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϐ.ό. ϋϡϰϩϷϼ: «Ϗϰϼϳ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϼϸϮϼϪ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϩϳϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϥϡϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴ ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϡ… ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϣϯϲϰϩϳϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϯϬϯϥЂϧϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϮϩϫϩ»299, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ (ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ) ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϬϿϥϩ, ϲϡϭϩ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϴϧϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϩϦϲЀ. ώϦϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ, ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϦЂ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ϑϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϣϼϲϹϴϿ ϭϦϱϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦϰϯϥϻЂϭϮϯϲϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣϨϱϡϺϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϡϧϦ ϩϨ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ «ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ» (ϦϲϬϩ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϮϦ ϯϢ ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϩϭϴϬЀϷϩϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϳϯϳ, ϫϳϯ ϲϡϭ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮ ϢϼϬ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ Ϩϡ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϮϦϰϱϯϲϳϴϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ. υϣϦϲϳϩ ϬϦϳ ϮϡϨϡϥ ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ωϭϰϦϱϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϦ ϔϲϳϡϣϡ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϼ϶ ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱϩϪ ϯϳ 1823 Ϥϯϥϡ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬϯϲϽ: «υϦϬϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱϡ ϮϦ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϡϳϽ ϴϱϯϫ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϱϯϫ ϢϼϬ ϰϱϩϮЀϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮ ϰϴϲϳϩϬ, ϳϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϲϣϯϪ ϫϯϱϦϮϽ ϣ ϴϭϡ϶ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬϦϪ»300. Ϟϳϯ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϥϬЀ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ ϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϮϳϱϯϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ «ϣϨϱϡϺϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ (ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϣ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. 297 ϐϡϱϲϯϮϲ ϓ., ϒϳϯϱϦϱ ώ. ώϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ ϩ ϥϩϵϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϡϷϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ // ώϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ: ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϼ: ϒϢ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϯϣ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳ. Ϟ.ύ. ύϩϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ς.τ. ϟϥϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1980. – 431 ϲ. – ϒ. 27–55. – ϒ. 35. 298 υϩϱϫϲϦϮ υ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϢϴϸϡϳϽ: ϫϡϫ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϲϫϴϸϮϼϭ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ / ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ. υϯϬϤϯϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2013. – 276 ϲ. – ϒ. 12. 299 ϋϡϰϩϷϡ ϐ.ό. ϞϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: ϒϳϡϳϽϩ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1977. – 352 ϲ. – ϒ. 172, 173. 300 ϐϱϯϦϫϳϻ ϔϲϳϡϣϡ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϼ϶ϻ ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱiϪ. ϘϡϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϡЀ. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ϓϩϰϯϤϱϡϵiЀ σ. ϐϬϡϣϩϬϽϺϩϫϯϣϡ, 1823. – ϒ. 6–7. 140 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϐϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ (ϲ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϢϦϲϹϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϯ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϯϳϳϯϸϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ, ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼϭ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ «ϩϮϳϱϯϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ» ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ, ϲ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϮϡϢϯϱϡϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϳϦϬϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϰϦϱϦϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϡϱϫϡϲϡ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ, ϲ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϩ ϦϤϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϥϯ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϭϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮϩ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϡϬϩϲϽ ϣ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϼ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϩϬϩϲϽ Ϯϡ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ, ϡ ϳϯ ϩ Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϮϩЀ ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϪ (ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ) ϱϡϮϦϦ ϩϭϦϣϹϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ, ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϤϯ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϡϴϥϩϳ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϯϳϦϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϥϩϨϱϴϰϳϩϣϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϼ϶, «ϰϯϥϱϼϣϮϼ϶»301) ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ЂϭϫϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϲϧϡϳϯϪ. ϐϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϫ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϼϦ 301 ϏϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ, ϰϯϥϱϼϣϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϼ϶, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϳϦϬϦϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶, ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶, ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϢϩϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϩ ϥϱ., ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ (ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ) ϣ ϫϯϱϮϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϩϭϦϣϹϩ϶ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϬϩϢϯ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϲϰϬϡϣϼ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϱϼϮϫϯϣ ϣ ϫϯϱϮϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϬϯ ϱϡϮϽϹϦ, ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϸϦϤϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϢϼϲϳϱϼϪ (ϣϰϬϯϳϽ ϥϯ ϵϴϬϽϭϩϮϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ (ϭϯϬϮϩϦϮϯϲϮϯϤϯ)), ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϼϪ ϩ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϲϥϣϩϤ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭ ϩ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϭ (ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ) ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀϭ ϣ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶ ϩ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ, ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶, ϣ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼϦ (ϩ ϯϺϴϳϩϭϼϦ) ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϱϡϥϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϬϡϮϥϹϡϵϳϯϣ – ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϳ.ϥ., ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ – ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϬϡϮϥϹϡϵϳϯϣ («ϭϩϱϯϣ»), ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϣϦϱϲϩϣϮϼ϶ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϣϹϩϭ ϬϡϮϥϹϡϵϳϡϭ, ϥϦϬϡЀ ϩ϶ ϢϦϨϮϡϥЂϧϮϯ ϴϲϳϡϱϦϣϹϩϭϩ. (ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., ϋϴϰϱϩЀϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ϐ., ύϯϱϦϣϡ ϒ.ό., ϐϯϮϫϩϮ υ.ω. ϐϯϥϱϼϣϮϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϩ: ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2020. – Vol. 8. – ࠪ 8. – ϒ. 60– 68. – ϒ. 63–64). § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 141 ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, Ϯϡϥ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϮϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. ϞϥϣϩϮ ϕϬϦϪϹϭϡϮ, υϾϣϩϥ ϋϯϲϳϡϮϨϡ ϩ υϧϯϡϮ ύϡϱϹϡϬ-ύϡϪϲ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ «ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼϦ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϼ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ [ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ] ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϫϱϴϤ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ»302. σϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϮϯϤϯϤϱϡϮϦϮ – Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ303, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ. ϔ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϬϩϷ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϴϭϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶, Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϰϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϲ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭϩ, ϲ ϳϦϫϲϳϡϭϩ, ϲ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϱϩϳϯϱϩϫϩ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ. ϐϯ ρ.ύ. φϤϯϱϯϣϴ, «ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ [ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ], ... ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϥϡϿϳ ϣϡϭ ϨϡϤϬЀϥϼϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϫϡϫϴϿ-ϳϯ ϹϰϡϱϤϡϬϫϴ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ, ϡ Ϯϡ ϡϣϳϯϰϩϬϯϳϦ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϲϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϬϯϲϫϯϲϳϩ»304. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϡЀ ϲϣЀϨϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϩϭ ϬϩϷϡϭϩ. ϏϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϪ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶, ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀЀ ϩϭ ϩ϶ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ – ϰϯϥϣϯϥЀ ϩ϶ ϫ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϰϴϳϦϪ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϴϳϦϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ϑϯϢϦϱϳϴ τϦϪϳϲϴ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ «ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϭ ϭϦϲϳϦ, ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡЀ ϩϭ, ϫϡϫ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ, ϣϼϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϯ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ», ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ305. 302 Fleishman E.A., Costanza D.P., Marshall-Mies J. Abilities [ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ] // An Occupational Information System for the 21st Century: The Development of O*NET / Edited by Norman G. Peterson, Michael D. Mumford etc. – Washington (D.C., USA): American Psychological Association, 1999. – P. 175–195. – P. 175. 303 Leydesdorff L. The Challenge of Scientometrics [σϼϨϯϣϼ ϮϡϴϫϯϭϦϳϱϩϩ]. – Leiden: DSWO Press, 1995. 304 φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϞϫϲϰϦϱϳ» / ϗϦϮϳϱ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (Ϥ. ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ) // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_c9JExfCoQ>. – 00:42:55 – 00:43:12. 305 Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 142 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ σϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϸϮϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ρ.ύ. φϤϯϱϯϣϡ, «ϦϲϳϽ ϳϡ ϮϦϴϬϯϣϩϭϡЀ ϲϣЀϨϽ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϭ ϩ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϸϡϳϲЀ, ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩ ϯϸϮϯϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ. Ϟϳϡ ϲϣЀϨϽ – ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ, ϸϳϯ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ ϣϩϥϩϳ, ϫϡϫ ϦϤϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϿϳ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϨϡϥϡϿϳ, ϯϮ ϨϡϰϴϲϫϡϦϳ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭ ϳϯϮϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ: ϯϮ ϰϯϥϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϥ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϿ ϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ, ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϬ, Ϯϯ ϲϰϱϯϲ ϱϯϧϥϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ. ω ϣ ϯϸϮϯϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϦϮ Ͼϳϯϳ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϦϪ ϩ Ϯϡϭϩ [ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ]»306. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϥϡϧϦ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ) – Ͼϳϯ ЀϣϮϯ ϮϦ ϢϼϲϳϱϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ «ϲϧϡϳϼϪ» (Ϯϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϪ) ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ. ϏϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ – ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϯϦ ϲ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ. ωϭϦϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϰϯϱϡϨϭϼϹϬЀϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϼ ϮϴϧϮϼ ϢϼϬϩ Ϣϼ, ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϭϼ, ϰϯϬϯϧϩϭ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϬϩ ϰϯϬϴϤϯϥϩϸϮϼϦ ϫϴϱϲϼ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϪ (ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ) ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ (ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ) ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ Ϯϡ 500 ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϯϣ: ϰϯ 3 ϥϮЀ ϣ ϮϦϥϦϬϿ ϰϯ 5 ϰϡϱ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϯϣ (1 ϰϡϱϡ = ϰϯϬϳϯϱϡ ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϡ) ϬϦϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϨϡϮЀϳϩϪ. 10 ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϯϣ ϣ ϥϦϮϽ ϶ 3 = 30 ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϯϣ (ϣ ϮϦϥϦϬϿ). φϲϬϩ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ 10 ϮϦϥϦϬϽ (ϯϫϯϬϯ 2,5 ϭϦϲЀϷϦϣ) = 300 ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϯϣ, ϯϳϣϯϥЀ ϯϲϳϡϣϹϩϦϲЀ 200 ϸϡϲϯϣ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ. ϏϢϺϦϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϸϡϲϯϣ ϩ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϸϮϼ϶ ϨϡϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϲϡϭϯϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϼ, ϮϦ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϥϦϬϯ. ϏϲϮϯϣϴ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ), ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϴϸϦϢϮϼϦ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϼ (ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϡ϶ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϮϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϯϳϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϸϡϲϯϣ): 1) ϢϬϯϫ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶, ϯϢϺϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ: – ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ (ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϭϮϯϤϯϨϮϡϸϮϡЀ, ϮϦϸЂϳϫϡЀ); 306 φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϼϲϹϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϞϫϲϰϦϱϳ» / ϗϦϮϳϱ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (Ϥ. ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ) // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_c9JExfCoQ>. – 00:43:27 – 00:44:11. § 3.2. ϗϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ: ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 143 – ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϡЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ; – ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ) ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ; – ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϦ; – ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϷϦϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ; ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; – ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ; – ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ; – ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϦ ϩ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ; ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; – ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ (ϣ ϳ.ϸ. ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϮϩЀ), ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϡϬϬϦϣϩϡϷϩϩ (ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϳϱϯϳϼ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ) ϩ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϴЀϨϣϩϭϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϩ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϲϳϩϬϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ; – ϱϩϳϯϱϩϫϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; – ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ; – ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ (ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϭϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ; – ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϢϡϨϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϱ.); 2) ϢϬϯϫ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϼ϶) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ). 144 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Amat Victoria Curam (ϐϯϢϦϥϡ ϬϿϢϩϳ ϲϳϡϱϡϮϩϦ). τϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϬϴϧϩϳ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϴ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ρ.ϒ. ύϴϹϮϩϫϯϣ. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϯ ϮϱϡϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϡϣϦ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϧϩϳϩϩ307. ϒ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϹϦ ϯϲϳϱϯ ϣϲϳϡϿϳ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϯ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϲϡϭϩ϶ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϯϭ ϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ. ϋϡϫ ϩ ϤϥϦ ϤϯϳϯϣϩϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϤϥϦ ϢϱϡϳϽ ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϯϣ? ϋϡϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ (ϰϯ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϩϨ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮ)? ϐϯ ϫϡϫϩϭ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϡϭ ϴϸϩϳϽ? ϋϡϫϩϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϼ Ϩϡϥϡϸ (ϨϡϥϡϸϮϩϫϩ) ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϱϯϱϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ? Ϙϳϯ ϩϨ ϫϴϱϲϯϣ (ϩ ϫϡϫϩ϶) ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ? ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϨϢϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ЀϣϩϳϲЀ ϨϡϬϯϤϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϯϣϭϦϺϦϮϩϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϴϸϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϯϣ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϡϲϳ Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ ϮϴϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. ϋϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϥ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϼϭ (ϰϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭ ϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ), ϣϡϱϽϩϱϴϦϭϼϭ ϰϯ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ (ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϤϩϢϫϩϭ). φϲϬϩ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϰϦϱϦϴϸϩϣϡϮϩϩ, ϳϯ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϲϦϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϩϨ ϴϧϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶» ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ, ϥϯϲϳϯϪϮϼ϶ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ. ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϥϦϱϧϡϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϦϫϱϦϳϦ, ϫϡϫ Ϯϯϴ-϶ϡϴ, ϫϡϫ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϡ ϳϯ ϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϳϡϪϮϡ (ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ). ώϯ ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ϶ ϲϳϡϮϯϣЀϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϰϯ ϣϯϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϤϬϡϲϫϦ ϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭϩ. 307 ύϴϹϮϩϫϯϣϻ ρ.ϒ. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼЀ ϰϯϮЀϳiЀ ϯ ϮϱϡϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϡϣД ϩ ϯϢϺϦϧϩϳiϩ. ϋϴϱϲϻ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϣДϥДϮiЀ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϥϦϳϲϫϩ϶ϻ ϫϯϱϰϴϲϯϣϻ. ϓϱϦϳϽϦ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮЇϦ. – σϩϬϽϮϡ: τϴϢϦϱϮϲϫϡЀ ϳϩϰϯϤϱϡϵiЀ, 1907. – iv; iv; 164 ϲ. – ϒ. 67. § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 145 ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϤϯϳϯϣЀϳ, ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϥϣϴϭЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ (Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ): – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ (ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϫ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯϯϸϦϱЂϥϮϯ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϿ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϴ ϩϨ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ ϩ϶ ϡϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϫϩ); – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϱϡϨϴ Ϯϡ «ϧϩϣϼ϶» ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡ϶ (Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ϶). ϏϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϳϩϰϩϸϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϫ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ: 1) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ϶ «ϧϩϣϼ϶» ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϣ (Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϫϦϪϲϯϣ) ϲ ϴϨϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϯϪ; Ϯϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ – ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ, ϲ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϨϡϤϱϴϨϫϯϪ (ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϦϭ) ϯϢϩϬϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; 2) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ «ϩϤϱϡ϶», ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ϯϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϯϣ, ϲ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϲ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ-ϣϣϯϥϮϼϭϩ – «Ϙϳϯ, ϦϲϬϩ?»), ϲ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϲ ϴϣϯϥϯϭ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϴ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ; 3) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ (ϫϦϪϲϡ϶), ϨϡϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϨϡϣϦϥϯϭϯ (ϥϬЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϡ) ϮϦϣϼϰϯϬϮϩϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϣϦϥϯϭϯ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϾϫϲϳϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϮϦϣϯϬϦ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϴ ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ; 4) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ (ϫϦϪϲϡ϶), ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϬϩϮϦϦϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ (ϡ ϨϮϡϸϩϳ, ϩ ϩ϶ ϯϲϣϯϦϮϩЀ); Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϳϦ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϦ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϦϭ ϲϳϡϱϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ (ϩϨ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯ: ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϴϲϣϯϩϳϽ) ϥϡϿϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϱϯϲϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ; 146 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 5) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϲϱϯϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϧϡϳϼ϶ (ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼ϶) ϰϯϹϡϤϯϣϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϯϢϼϥϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ – ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϡϳϮϼϭ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϩ϶ ϥϯϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϥϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϭ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀϭ-ϣϣϯϥϮϼϭ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϩ; ϩϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ – ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ (ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϫϴ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϣϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ» ϣϲϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ) Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϣ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϱϯϫϩ) ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ-ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ ϰϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϼϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ, ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ (ϥϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ) ϰϯϹϡϤϯϣϼϭ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯ-ϯϢϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϯϲϰϡϱϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϭ (ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ) ϲϯϨϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ, ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϪ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ; 6) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϭϴ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϳϣϡ ϳϱϦϳϽϩ϶ ϬϩϷ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ (ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ, ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϦϪ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), Ϯϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ – ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϧЂϲϳϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϩ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϭϴ ϬϩϷϴ (ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϣ ϱϯϬϦϣϯϪ ϩϤϱϦ); 7) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶, ϨϡϣϦϥϯϭϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; 8) ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϡ϶ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϲ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϭ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ Ϯϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϮϦϨϮϡϫϯϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϡϬϯϨϮϡϫϯϭϼϦ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϯϭϴ (϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϦϭϼϦ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ), ϲ ϣϯϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϦϤϯ ϣ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ; 9) ϰϯϭϦϺϦϮϩϦ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϣ ϱϯϬϽ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϥϬЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϸϴϳϽ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϳϯϤϯ ϧϦ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ. ύϯϤϴϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϤϩϢϱϩϥϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼϦ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ «ϩϮϳϱϯϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ» ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ308. 308 ωϮϳϱϯϦϫϷϩЀ – ϣϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϯϭ ϣ ϲϣϯϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϪ ϭϩϱ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϣ, ϭϯϳϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϴϧϦ ϫϡϫ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϣ, ϭϯϳϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ (ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϬϯϣ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, 1999. – ϒ. 244); ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϷϩϰϩϦϮϳϡ. § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 147 ύϯϱϱϩϲ ϕϱϩϥϭϾϮ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϩϨ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϐϯϬϩϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ ϑϦϮϲϲϦϬϦϱϡ (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) 1950-϶ ϤϤ., ϤϥϦ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭ ϥϡϣϡϬϡϲϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ (ϩ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦ) ϮϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϩ ϲϳϩϬϽ ϫ ϯϢϺϦϭϴ ϳϯϮϴ ϩ ϲϳϩϬϿ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϼ϶ ϥϦϬϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ. ϏϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϪ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϬ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϰϦϱϦϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϩϮϯϪ ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥ ϩϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϡϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϭ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ309. ωϨϣϦϲϳϮϡ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϴϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϩϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϭ ϭϦϬϯϸϡϭ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ, ϣ ϲϳϩϬϦ ϭϡϪϯϱϡ ϕϱϦЀ ϩϨ «ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϯϵϩϷϦϱϯϣ» τϡϮϲϡ ϋϩϱϲϳϡ310, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ-ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϿ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϦϬϯϲϩϰϦϥϯϭ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϦϪϹϦϦ ϰϯϹϡϤϯϣϯϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϦϨϥϼ Ϯϡ ϮЂϭ (ϰϦϱϦϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϯϤϡϭϩ ϰϦϥϡϬϦϪ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϴϬЂϭ, ϴϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϡϣϮϯϣϦϲϩЀ ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ), ϦϤϯ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ. ωϨ ϳϯϤϯ ϧϦ ϱЀϥϡ – ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ, ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϿϺϡЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ (ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ) ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ-ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϿ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ (Ͼϳϡ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ ϮϡϹϬϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϲϯϹϬЂϭϲЀ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϫϱϴϤ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ). ϐϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϲϥϡϿϳ ϲϣϯϩ «ϹϦϥϦϣϱϼ ϭϼϲϬϩ», ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϲϮϯϣϡ ϩ ϲϮϯϣϡ (ϣ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϡ϶ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϼ϶ Ϩϡ϶ϯϥϯϣ) ϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩϰϱϩϥϩϱϫϡϭϩ (ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϩ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥϦϬϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ) ϣ ϲϳϩϬϦ: – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϼ (ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ Ϯϩϭ) ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϪ (ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϩ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϪ ϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ) ϥϬЀ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϷϣϦϳ ϩ ϳϯϮ, ϢϦϬϩϨϮϡ ϩ ЀϱϫϯϲϳϽ (ϰϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭ ISO ϩϬϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ), ϮϦϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϹϦϱϯ϶ϯϣϡϳϯϲϳϽ, ϰϬϯϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϳϯϬϺϩϮϡ (ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ Ϯϩϭ) ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϼ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϱϼ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ 309 Freedman M. Technical Writing, Anyone? [ϓϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ…] // College Composition and Communication. – 1959, Feb. – Vol. 10. – ࠪ 1. – P. 53–57. – P. 56. 310 ϋϩϱϲϳ τ. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϡ ϯϵϩϷϦϱϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϮϦϭ. – ύ.: σϯϦϮϩϨϥϡϳ, 1990. 148 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϹϦϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϨϡϭϦϱϯϣ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϯϣϦϱϫϦ ϩ ϫϡϬϩϢϱϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϡЀ ϰϯϤϱϦϹϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϰϱϯ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ (ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ) ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ, ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼϦ ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ «ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ»; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϯϸϦϱЂϥϮϯϲϳϩ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϨϡϤϩϢϯϣ ϩ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩϪ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϩ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϧЂϲϳϫϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϤϬϡϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϤϩϢϯϣ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϴϤϬϡϭ ϱϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ, ϣϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ (ϫϱϦϮϡ) ϩ ϳϡϮϤϡϧϡ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϰϯϬЂϳϦ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϼ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ – ϯϢϺϡЀ ϥϬϩϮϡ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ, ϱϡϨϭϡ϶ ϫϱϼϬϡ, ϴϤϬϼ ϲϤϩϢϯϣ ϩ ϲϳϱϦϬϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϱϼϬϽϦϣ ϩ ϥϱ., ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϼ) ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼ϶ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩϪ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϼ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϱϼ ϴϤϬϯϣ ϩ ϥϬϩϮ ϩ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϹϦϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϨϡϭϦϱϯϣ ϥϬϩϮ ϩ ϴϤϬϯϣ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϯϣϦϱϫϦ ϩ ϫϡϬϩϢϱϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϡЀ ϰϯϤϱϦϹϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϼ (ϥϩϨϡϪϮ, ϳϩϰ) ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ, ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϪ ϣϦϲ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϩ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϬЂϳϩϫϡ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϬϩϥϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϪ ϩ϶ ϱϡϲϫϱϡϲϫϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϫϩ; – ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϮϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϡ ϩϭϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϯϤϯ ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϰϴϮϫϳϡϭ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ (ϣ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ ϫ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϭϴ), ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϴϮϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ. ω ϳϡϫ ϥϡϬϦϦ Ϯϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ-ϭϮϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ. ϐϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϥϬϩϮϮϦϦ ϣ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϲϯϳϮϩ ϱϡϨ, ϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϦϬϫϴ) ϣϼϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϣϲϦ ϲϱϡϨϴ, ϡ ϥϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ (ϰϯ 1–2). ώϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϬϩϹϽ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, Ϯϯ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϰϱϩϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϩ, ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ. ρ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϓϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϦ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϪ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϳϯϸϫϡϭ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ), ϸϳϯ ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϴϭϦϮϩϪ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ, ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭ. § 3.3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 149 ύϼ ϴϧϦ ϴϰϯϭЀϮϴϬϩ ϣϼϹϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϴ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼϭ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ, ϨϡϣϦϥϯϭϯ ϮϦϣϼϰϯϬϮϩϭϯϤϯ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶) ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϤϯ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϾϫϲϳϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϫ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϮϦϣϯϬϦ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϴ ϣ ϩ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ϐ.ό. ϋϡϰϩϷϡ ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϼ ϬϿϢЀϳ ϳϡϫϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ Ϯϩ϶ ϩ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϧϩϣϯϦ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ311. σϦϥϽ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, «ϲϯϰϦϱϮϩϫ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ – ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϱϡϨϱϦϹϩϭϼϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ»312. ϋϡϫ ϤϬϡϲϩϳ ϬϦϤϦϮϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϮϤϬϩϪϲϫϯϭϴ ϵϩϨϩϫϴ ϞϱϮϦϲϳϴ ϑϦϨϦϱϵϯϱϥϴ ϴϫϡϨϡϬϩ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϨϡϮЀϳ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ, ϞϱϮϦϲϳ ϑϦϨϦϱϵϯϱϥ ϲϸЂϬ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭ (ϳϯϳ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϬ Ͼϳϴ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϲϯϢϯϿ ϲϡϭ), Ϯϯ ϩ ϸϱϦϣϡϳϼϭ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϫϡϭϩ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. ρ ϣϯϳ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϮϦ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳ, ϸϦϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϲϦϢЀ ϨϡϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ, ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϞϱϮϦϲϳ ϑϦϨϦϱϵϯϱϥ, ϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϴϪϳϩ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ – ϣ ϰϯϸϳϯϣϼϦ ϲϬϴϧϡϺϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϬϫϩϦ ϬϡϣϯϸϮϩϫϩ, ϩϢϯ ϩϭ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϮϦϸϦϤϯ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ. ϐ.ό. ϋϡϰϩϷϡ ϣϲϰϯϭϩϮϡϬ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϣ τϯϱϡϪϲϡ όϾϭϢϡ, ϫϡϫ ϳϯϳ «ϲϬϴϹϡϬ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ύϡϫϲϣϦϬϬϡ. ϏϮ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ, ϸϳϯ ύϡϫϲϣϦϬϬ ϮϦ ϢϼϬ ϢϬϦϲϳЀϺϩϭ ϬϦϫϳϯϱϯϭ, ϯϮ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϬ Ϯϡ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϢϦϨ Ϩϡϰϩϲϯϫ ϩ ϰϱϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϼ Ϯϡ ϥϯϲϫϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϯϹϩϢϡϬϲЀ ϩ ϲϢϩϣϡϬϲЀ. σϯϳ ϰϯ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ύϡϫϲϣϦϬϬ ϩϲϫϡϬ ϩ ϰϯϰϱϡϣϬЀϬ ϲϣϯϩ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ, όϾϭϢ ϮϡϴϸϩϬϲЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϭϴ, ϸϦϭ ϩϨ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϰϱϯϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϭ ϫϮϩϤϩ. ϒϡϭϼϭ ϷϦϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϬϦϫϷϩЀ϶ ύϡϫϲϣϦϬϬϡ ϥϬЀ όϾϭϢϡ ϢϼϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ. ώϦϲϯϭϮϦϮϮϯ, ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϰϯϴϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ»313. ϐϯ ϕϦϬϩϫϲϴ ϙϡϪϮϢϦϱϤϦϱϴ, ϯϹϩϢϫϩ «ϰϯϬϮϼ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ. φϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϥϦϬϡϬϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϯϮϩ ϬϩϹϩϬϩ Ϣϼ ϲϦϢЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϽ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϥϡϮϮϯϦ. ώϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϦ, ϯϹϩϢϫϩ – ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϤϯϱϿϸϦϦ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ»314. 311 ϋϡϰϩϷϡ ϐ.ό. ϞϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: ϒϳϡϳϽϩ ϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϩϲϰϱ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ; τϬ. ϱϦϥ. ϵϩϨ.-ϭϡϳ. Ϭϩϳ., 1987. – 496 ϲ. – ϒ. 248. 312 Ϟϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱϡ. Ϗϰϼϳ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. σ.ω. ςϡϫϹϳϡϮϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ; ϲϯϲϳ. ύ.σ. ςϯϤϥϡϮϯϣϡ. – ϓϿϭϦϮϽ: ϓωϔ, 2020. – 232 ϲ. – ϒ. 50. 313 ϋϡϰϩϷϡ ϐ.ό. ϞϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: ϒϳϡϳϽϩ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1977. – 352 ϲ. – ϒ. 231. 314 ϙϡϪϮϢϦϱϤϦϱ ϕ. ϑϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϳϯϱϡ. ϐϱϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϣϼϤϯϱϡϮϩϦ, ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϼ, ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϦ, ϤϯϮϯϱϡϱϼ ϩ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ψϭϦϦϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2020. – 224 c. – ϒ. 11. 150 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ρ.ύ. φϤϯϱϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ (ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϳϯϱϯϣ) ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϱϩϷ «Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ – ϭϦϳϯϥ» (ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϣ ϲϳϱϯϫϡ϶ – ϳϩϰϯϣϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϡ ϣ ϲϳϯϬϢϷϡ϶ – ϭϦϳϯϥϼ)315. φϲϳϽ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ. 315 φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ: ϸϳϯ, ϤϥϦ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ? / ϗϦϮϳϱ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (Ϥ. ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ) // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcuUXfkkKmI>. – 12:36 – 13:04. § 3.4. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡ϶ 151 § 3.4. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡ϶ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϤϯϬϯϲ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ. ϑϯϬϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϯϢϺϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϨϮϡϿϳ, ϸϦϤϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϥϴϭϡϿϳ ϩ ϰϯϸϦϭϴ316. ϘϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϢ ϡϲϩϭϭϦϳϱϩϸϮϼ϶ ϴϤϱϯϨϡ϶ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϯϥϰϴϮϫϳ 3 ϰϴϮϫϳϡ «b» ϲϦϫϷϩϩ 104A ψϡϫϯϮϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ»317. ώϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ (ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϯϳϦϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ Ϩϡϫϱϼϳϼ ϯϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ) ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϓϡϭ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϣϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϬϿϥϩ ϲϳϱϦϭЀϳϲЀ ϩ ϰϼϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ. ώϯ ϩ϶ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ, ϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ. ϓϡϫ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ ϐϬϾϳϳϡ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ) ϢϡϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϫϡ϶: – 9 ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ; – ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ Ͼϳϡϰϼ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ; – 4 ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ; – 5 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ318. 316 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 388, 387. 317 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) / Public Law ࠪ 108– 458 – Dec. 17, 2004 [ψϡϫϯϮ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ»] // <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-108publ458/pdf/PLAW108publ458.pdf>; <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-108publ458/html/PLAW108publ458.htm>; <https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/laws/intelligence-reform-andterrorism-prevention-act-2004>. 318 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 25. 152 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϴϸϡϳ «ϢϱϡϳϽ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϨϡϩϫϩ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϫϩϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϱϡϪϯϮϯϭ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϮϡ ϣϼϹϦϲϳϯЀϺϩϭ ϬϩϷϡϭ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϳϦ ϧϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ Ͼϳϴ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϩϫϡϨϯϣ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. ωϨϴϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ. ϒϬϯϧϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϥϦϬϩϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ, ϩϺϴϳϲЀ ϰϴϳϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϸЂϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ… ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϭϯϳϱϩϳ Ϯϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϲϣϯЂ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ “ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϳϦϫϬϯ”, ϨϡϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϣϲϦϭϩ ϲϩϬϡϭϩ ϩϺϦϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϥϡϲϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϳϲϳϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϤϩϢϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϳϯϸϫϯϪ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϼϳϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϬϬϦϤ»319. ϋϡϫ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϣ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ϶ 1950 Ϥ., ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϩϱϦϫϳϯϱϯϭ ϗϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϗϑϔ) ϒϙρ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ, ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϡϣϳϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϬ Ϣϼ ϣϲϿ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϣϡϬ Ϣϼ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ320. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϒ.σ. ϒϳϡϱϫϩϮϡ, «ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩ϶ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϯϲϳϱϯ ϲϳϯϩϳ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϒϙρ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϲϯϨϮϡЂϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϧϢ. ϕϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϩϳϦϳ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϣϲЂϭ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϫϡϱϽϦϱϼ»321. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϯϰϼϳ ϙϫϯϬϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϣϼϲϹϦϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϗϑϔ ϒϙρ ϲϯϨϥϡϬϯ ϣ 2000 Ϥϯϥϴ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϯϵϩϷϦϱϯϣ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ (Directorate of Intelligence (DI))322. 319 ϋϴϱϲ «ϞϳϱϯϤ» – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ // <https://oleggranovsky.livejournal.com/194060.html>. 320 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Marchio J. Analytic Tradecraft and the Intelligence Community: Enduring Value, Intermittent Emphasis [ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ: ϮϦϰϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϺϡЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϯϪ ϾϭϵϡϨϩϲ] // Intelligence and National Security. – 2014. – Vol. 29. – ࠪ 2. – P. 159–183. – P. 161. 321 ϒϳϡϱϫϩϮ ϒ.σ. ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ // τϱϡϭϯϳϡ. – 2011. – ࠪ 3 (9): σ 3 ϸ. Ϙ. 2. – ϒ. 185–189. – ϒ. 188. 322 Marrin S. CIA's Kent School: Improving Training for New Analysts [ϙϫϯϬϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ ϗϑϔ: ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ] // International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. – 2003. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 609–637. – P. 609. § 3.4. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢϡ϶ 153 ϒϳϩϣϦϮ ύϡϱϱϩϮ ϰϩϹϦϳ: «σ 1996 Ϥϯϥϴ ϗϑϔ ϴϬϴϸϹϩϬϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ ϭϬϡϥϹϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣ ϭϦϲЀϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϨϯϱϮϼϪ ϫϴϱϲ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϥϬЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϥ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩϦϭ «ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϸϩϫϡ» (“Fundamentals of DI Trade craft” (FDIT)). ϘϡϲϳϽ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϫϴϱϲϡ FDIT ϢϼϬϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϫϴϱϲϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϥ ϾϤϩϥϯϪ ϢϼϣϹϦϤϯ ϨϡϭϦϲϳϩϳϦϬЀ ϥϩϱϦϫϳϯϱϡ ϗϑϔ υϴϤϬϡϲϡ υϧ. ύϡϫϩϸϩϮϡ323 (Douglas J. MacEachin324), ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϡ ϣϲϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϷϡϭ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ. ω ϶ϯϳЀ FDIT ϨϡϥϴϭϼϣϡϬϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϡϫ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϢϨϯϱϮϼϪ ϫϴϱϲ, ϯϮ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬ ϩϨϱЀϥϮϴϿ ϰϯϱϷϩϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϧϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϭϰϡ, ϮϩϨϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϯϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϬϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϲЀϷϡ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϡϬϯ ϥϬЀ ϯϨϮϡϫϯϭϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϩϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ώϯ Ͼϳϩ ϲϬϡϢϼϦ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϳϩϬϩϲϽ ϣ ϲϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϴϥЀ ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭϴ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϩϬϡ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϦ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϦ ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱϼ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЂϮϮϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϢóϬϽϹϩϭ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϭ, ϸϦϭ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϸϦϱϦϨ FDIT. σ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϲϴϭϦϬϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϴϱϯϫϩ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϦ ϩϨ FDIT, ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϦЂ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϏϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϸϬϦϮϯϣ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ “τϬϴϢϩϮϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϡ” ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϬ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϸϡϲϳϩϦ ϣ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ FDIT ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬЀ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϣ ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ (OTE) ϗϑϔ. ω ϯϮ ϰϯϥϦϬϩϬϲЀ ϴϱϯϫϡϭϩ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϨ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ. ϐϯϲϬϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϭϬϡϥϹϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϩϬϡ ϫ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϮϡϢϱϯϲϫϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ. ϑϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϢϼϬϡ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϨ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ… ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡϧϴ ϰϯϣϬϦϫϬϡ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϯϣϡϬϡ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϸϦϱϦϨ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϲϯϲϳϼϫϯϣϡϳϽ ϲ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. ϓϡϫϧϦ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϡ 323 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ: MacEachin D.J. U.S. Intelligence and the Confrontation in Poland, 1980–1981 [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϣ ϐϯϬϽϹϦ, 1980– 1981 ϤϤ.]. – University Park (Pennsylvania, USA): Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002. – viii; 256 p. MacEachin D.J. The Tradecraft of Analysis: Challenge and Change in the CIA [ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϣϼϨϯϣϼ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϼ ϣ ϗϑϔ] / Working Group on Intelligence Reform papers. – Washington (D.C., USA): Consortium for the Study of Intelligence, 1994. – 43 p. 324 ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϦϤϯ ϵϡϭϩϬϩϿ ϳϱϡϮϲϫϱϩϢϩϱϴϿϳ ϫϡϫ ύϡϫϾ϶ϩϮ, Ϯϯ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϲϯϣϦϳϲϫϩ϶ ϣϱϦϭЂϮ ϴϲϳϯЀϬϯϲϽ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ. 154 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϹϫϯϬϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϬϡ Ϣϼ ϰϱϦϦϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϢϡϨϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϳϱϦϮϩϮϤϯϣ. ϐϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϬϯϲϽ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϹϫϯϬϴ ϣϯϨϤϬϡϣϩϬ ϲϳϡϱϹϩϪ ϯϵϩϷϦϱ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ ϲ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϣ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϯϣϦϳϦ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϹϫϯϬϦ ϢóϬϽϹϩϪ “ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϣϦϲ ϩ ϢϿϥϧϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϩЀ” ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϳϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ύϡϫϬϡϵϬϩϮ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϬ ϣϲϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ. σ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϺϦϮϩϦ Kent School ϣ υϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϳ ϦϪ ϰϱϯϸϮϴϿ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ»325. 325 Marrin S. CIA's Kent School: Improving Training for New Analysts [ϙϫϯϬϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ ϗϑϔ: ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ] // International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. – 2003. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 609–637. – P. 616. § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 155 ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ χϩϨϮϽ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϳϡϫϡЀ, ϫϡϫϯϪ ϯϮϡ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ. ύϩϬϦϮ ϕϡϱϭϦϱ, «Devant soi», ϳϱϦϫ ϩϨ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϩϳϱϯϣ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ «Jacquou le croquant» 2007 Ϥϯϥϡ ϱϦϧϩϲϲЂϱϡ όϯϱϡϮϡ ςϴϳϯϮϮϡ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϣϼϮϯϲϩϭϯ ϰϱϡϨϥϮϼϭ, ϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϵϦϱϭϦϱ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϬЀ. ϓϦϱϱϩ ϖϦϪϫ. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ω.ϐ. ϐϡϣϬϯϣϡ: «ϔ Ϯϡϲ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϥϮϡ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϥϮϡ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ – ϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϳϽ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡϭ ϯϲϳϡϣϹϦϦϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϩϮϲϳϣϯ: ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϩ϶ ϲϦϢЀ ϩ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϦ ϢϦϨ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϭϡϮϡ… τϬϡϣϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϴϭϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ЀϲϮϯϦ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϦЂ»326. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϪ ϭϩϵ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϳϩϣϮϯϦ (ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ) ϣ ϭϩϱϦ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϮϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ (ϸϡϲϳϯ) ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϪ ϯϳ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϯϮϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ. σ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϲ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦϭ. ωϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ. ϋϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϡϿϳ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϩ϶ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϯϮϩ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϳϽϲЀ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ-ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϦϪ. σ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϯϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶327. ω ϯϳ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϯϳ ϤϱϦϸ. «kritikos» – «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽ») ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϩϤϱϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, ϸϡϲϳϮϼ϶ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ. 326 ϐϡϣϬϯϣ ω.ϐ. ϏϢ ϴϭϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ, ϯ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭ ϴϭϦ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ. ψϡϰϩϲϫϩ ϵϩϨϩϯϬϯϤϡ. – ύ.: ACT, 2015. – 320 ϲ. – ϒ. 284. 327 Woods D.D., Patterson E.S., Roth E.M. Can we Ever Escape from Data Overload? A Cognitive Systems Diagnosis [ϒϭϯϧϦϭ Ϭϩ ϭϼ ϫϯϤϥϡ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ? υϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϡ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ] // Cognition Technology and Work. – 2002. – Vol. 4. – ࠪ 1. – P. 22–36. 156 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ώϡϹϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϰϩϹϦϳ υϾϣϩϥ ύϴϱ, ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϲϣϦϧϩ϶, ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϲϯ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϳϦ϶, ϫϯϭϴ ϰϯϱϴϸϦϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϡϳϽ ϯϢ ϴϤϱϯϨϡ϶, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϳϦ϶, ϫϯϭϴ ϰϯϱϴϸϦϮϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϴϤϱϯϨϡϭϩ. ϏϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϭ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ, ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϯ328. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϳϴϰϦϮϸϡϳϼϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϡϳϽϲЀ (ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ, ϣ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶) ϥϡϧϦ ϥϬЀ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. 2. ϋ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ύϦϧϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϦϲϮϡЀ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϽ. ψϮϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϭ, – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϣϦϱϼ ϣ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϳϡϫ, ϯϮϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϦϳ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϾϳϯϪ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϯϢϺϩϦ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. υϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ϶ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϰϯ Ͼϳϩϭ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭ329. ώϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϯϢϺϦϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ», ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϪ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ (ϫϡϫ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϫ ϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ) – ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ, Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ (ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯЂϭ) ϭϡϬϯ ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯЀϲϮЀϿϳ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ. ϐϯϥ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ Ϯϡϣϼϫ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ «ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϰϯ ϧϩϨϮϩ». σ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ, ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ, ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ) ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϢϡϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ, ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ 328 Moore D.T. Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis: Occasional Paper Number Fourteen [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ώϦϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϮϯϭϦϱ ϸϦϳϼϱϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): National Defense Intelligence College, 2007. – xxi; 134 p. – P. vii. 329 A Draft Statement of Principles / The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [ϐϱϯϦϫϳ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶ / ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϯϣϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // <https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-councilfor-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406>. § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 157 ϩ ϥϱ., ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϪ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϪ ϱϡϲϲϴϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϢϬϡϤϯϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϤϯ ϲϫϦϰϳϩϷϩϨϭϡ (ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϳϽ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩЀϭ ϩ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ), ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϪ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϰϱϯЀϲϮЀϳϽ, ϣϮϯϣϽ ϩ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ (ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϤϯ) ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϫ ϰϦϱϦϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϡϭ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϡϭ, ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀϭ ϩ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩЀϭ. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ «ϣϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ» ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 3-1, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϡϿϳϲЀ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ «ϵϩϬϽϳϱϼ» ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϨϡϥϡϸϦ ϩ ϲϯϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ (ϰϯϲϩϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ), ϰϦϱϳϩϮϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ, ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϡϬϩϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ (ϩ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ – ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϦϺЂ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ «ϵϩϬϽϳϱϼ», ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ). ϑϩϲ. 3-1. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ «ϣϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ» ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯϦ ϵϯϮϯϣϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, Ͼϳϯ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϩϨϭϦϮЂϮϮϯϦ (ϯϲϯϢϯϦ) ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ (ϣ ϩϥϦϡϬϦ – ϴϱϯϣϮЀ «ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ» ϩ ϥϡϧϦ «ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ»), «ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϭϯϦ» ϰϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϸϩϺϦϮϮϯϦ (ϣϼ϶ϯϬϯϺϦϮϮϯϦ) ϯϳ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϫϱϡϹϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϯϢϥϴϭϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϫϯϱϯϰϡϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϬϦϤϫϯϣϦϲϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϷϦϬϯϭ, ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϲϦϭϽϿ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ – ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣϯϲϦϭϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ: 1) ϴ ϣϲϦ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϦϲϳϽ ϷϦϬϽ; 2) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϣϼЀϲϮϩϳϽ, ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϪϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϱϦϹϩϳϽ ϫϡϫϴϿ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ; 158 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 3) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ϶ (ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϦ ϲϡϭϯ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϱϡϨϴϭϦϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ); 4) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϥϴϳϲЀ ϲ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ; 5) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶; 6) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϭϩ; 7) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ, ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϥϦϬϡϦϭ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϩ ϰϱϩϥϡЂϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ; 8) ϣϲϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϥϴϳ ϫϴϥϡ-ϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ330. ϔϧϦ ϲϡϭ ϵϡϫϳ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯϢ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϫϡϫ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡЀ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳ ϥϬЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ331, ϲϡϭϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ϶ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭϩ332. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϱϦϸϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϩϥϳϩ ϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ. 3. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ. ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ: ϲϢϯϱ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ЀϨϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ, ϰϦϱϦϲϭϯϳϱ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϦϣ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϯϣ, ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ, ϳϯϮϫϡЀ ϮϡϲϳϱϯϪϫϡ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ 330 A Draft Statement of Principles / The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [ϐϱϯϦϫϳ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶ / ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϯϣϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // <https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-councilfor-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406>. 331 Moore D.T. Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis: Occasional Paper Number Fourteen [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ώϦϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϮϯϭϦϱ ϸϦϳϼϱϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): National Defense Intelligence College, 2007. – xxi; 134 p. – P. 61. 332 A Draft Statement of Principles / The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [ϐϱϯϦϫϳ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶ / ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϯϣϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // <https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-councilfor-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406>. § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 159 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϳϩϰϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. όϿϢϡЀ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϭϦϱ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϤϱϡϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ, Ϯϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϴϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϣϬϩЀϳϽ Ϯϡ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϲϡϭϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ333. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϒϳϩϣϦϮϴ ύϾϱϱϩϮϴ, ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϡϫ ϧϦ, ϫϡϫ (ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ) ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϡϸϡ (ϡ ϮϦ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ) ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϯϪ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϳ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϡ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϡϥϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ, ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ ϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϰϯ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϐϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ, ϫϡϫ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ, ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϩ ϾϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϥϦϫϲ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϯϣϼϲϩϳ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϭϴ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϮϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϭ ϯϰϼϳϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ) ϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ334. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϩϥϦϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ, ϮϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϩ ϣϯϰϬϯϳϩϳϽ Ͼϳϴ ϩϥϦϿ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϨϡϸϡϳϯϸϮϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ, ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ, ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣ ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰϡ϶, ϸϦϭ ϣ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ, ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϦ, ϸϦϭ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ335. 333 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 173. 334 Marrin S. Intelligence Analysis: Turning a Craft Into a Profession [ϑϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϐϱϦϣϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϿ] // <https://www.ialeia.org/docs/40168353-MarrinIntelligence-Analysis-Turning-a-Craft-Into-a-Profession.pdf>. – 5 p. – P. 4. 335 A Draft Statement of Principles / The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [ϐϱϯϦϫϳ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶ / ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϯϣϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // <https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-councilfor-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406>. 160 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩ ϤϩϢϫϯϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϦϪ ϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ώϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϬϡϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϰϯϣϯϥϴ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϷϦϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯϢϺϩϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϦϪ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ. ϓϩϰϩϸϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϓϯ, ϸϳϯ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ, ϡ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϡ ϰϯϥ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯϦ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮЀϦϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϡϣϥϩϣϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϳ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. ϏϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϳ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϥϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ, ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. Ϟϳϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϣ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϣϲϦϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϑϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϯ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϨϮϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ336. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϾϣϩϥϡ ύϴϱϡ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϬϴϸϹϴϿ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϲϣЀϨϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ. ϒϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϮϯ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϑϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϯϳϤϯϣϯϱϫϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϳϽ ϮϦϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϭϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫ, ϨϡЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ϶ϣϡϳϫϡ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ. ω ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϼ ϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. υϬЀ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ337. 336 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for analytic cognition: Guide for doing all-source intelligence analysis [ϑϡϭϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 / Air Force research laboratory, 711 TH Human performance wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, WrightPatterson air force base, Air Force Materiel Command of the United States Air Force. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA), 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 6, 8. 337 Moore D.T. Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis: Occasional Paper Number Fourteen [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ώϦϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ § 3.5. ϕϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 161 ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϬϯϧϦϮϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϧϦϬϡϮϩϦ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ, ϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯ. ρϮϡϳϯϬϽ ϕϱϡϮϲ ϫϯϤϥϡ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϮЂϲ ϭϴϥϱϴϿ ϭϼϲϬϽ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϴϿ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ: «ώϦ ϤϯϮϩϳϦϲϽ Ϩϡ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ. σϯϨϢϴϥϩϳϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϿϢϯϰϼϳϲϳϣϯ. ϏϳϫϱϯϪϳϦ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϤϬϡϨϡ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϡϪϳϦ ϩ϶ ϭϯϨϤ. ψϡϱϯϮϩϳϦ ϣ ϮϦϤϯ ϩϲϫϱϴ. ϏϤϯϮϽ ϲϡϭ ϱϡϨϤϯϱϩϳϲЀ ϳϡϭ, ϤϥϦ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϤϯ ϮϡϪϥЂϳϲЀ ϰϩϺϡ»338. Ϟϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϐϯ ϐϩϳϦϱϴ ϕϡϲϩϯϮϦ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϧϦϬϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϡϣϬϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϯϸϣϴ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ339. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϔϾϢϢϴ ϠϮϤϴ, «ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϬϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϳϦϱϰϦϬϩϣϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ Ϯϡϥ ϩϥϦЀϭ. ω ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϳϦϱЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ. ϏϲϦϮЂϮϮϼϪ ϩϥϦϦϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϦϱϰϦϬϩϣ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϮ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ Ͼϳϴ ϡϥϡϰϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϶ϯϳϩϳϦ ϣϯϰϬϯϳϩϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ ϣ ϧϩϨϮϽ ϣ ϭϩϱϦ, ϤϥϦ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ. ώϦ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϡϪϳϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϴ, ϥϦϱϧϡ ϲϣϯϿ ϩϥϦϿ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϢϬϩϨϫϯ ϫ ϲϦϱϥϷϴ. ϐϯϨϣϯϬϽϳϦ ϦЂ ϰϯϫϱϩϳϩϫϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡϭ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϣϼ Ͼϳϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϦϳϦ, ϰϱϯϩϨϯϪϥЂϳ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϣϦϺϽ – ϣϼ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϲϡϭϯϱϡϲϹϩϱЀϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡϭϩ. ϏϮϡ ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϦЂ ϣϩϥϩϳ, ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϣ ϮϦϪ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϬϩ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϴ»340. ϋϡϫϯϣϼ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ? ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ, ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϰϱϯϤϯϣϡϱϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ341. ϮϯϭϦϱ ϸϦϳϼϱϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): National Defense Intelligence College, 2007. – xxi; 134 p. – P. 66–67. 338 ϕϱϡϮϲ ρ. ϒϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: σ 8 ϳ. ϓ. 3. – ύ.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 847 ϲ. – ϒ. 320. 339 Facione P.A. The Disposition Toward Critical Thinking: Its Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill [ϐϱϦϥϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ: φЂ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ, ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϽ ϲ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϭ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // Informal Logic. – 2000. – Vol. 20. – ࠪ 1. – P. 61–84. – P. 79. 340 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 52–53. 341 A Draft Statement of Principles / The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [ϐϱϯϦϫϳ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ϶ / ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϯϣϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ 162 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϋϡϳϡϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡ. ϓϡϫ, ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϦ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϑ.σ. ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣϼϭ342, ϤϯϳϯϣЀϺϩϭ (ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϴϱϲϡ HUMINT-ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ) ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϴϸϦϮϩϫϯϣ Ϯϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ϶ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϲϣϯϥϯϫ-ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϰϯ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϲϯϭϼϭ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ ϤϩϢϱϩϥϮϼ϶ ϣϯϪϮ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ (ϣ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϯϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϱϼϣϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ϶); ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϦϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩЀ϶ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭϲЀ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ ϢϦϨ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴ ϲϦϢЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ ϑϾϮϥϯϬϽϵ ϕϦϱϲϯϮ ϩ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., «ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϮϼ, ϩ ϭϼ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϲϰϩϲϯϫ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ (ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫ) ϢϴϥϦϳ ϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ»343. ϐϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϫ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϴ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ) Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ. ϐϱϩϮϷϩϰ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ (ϫϡϫ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ) ϩϭϦϦϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϥϦϪ344. σϦϥϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϸϦϭϴ ϰϯϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϴ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶345… ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ] // <https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-national-councilfor-excellence-in-critical-thinking/406>. 342 ϒϣϯϥϫϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ // <https://t.me/rtechnocom>. ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ ϑ.σ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϴϱϲ HUMINT ϥϬЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. – ύ.: τϯϱЀϸϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ – ϓϦϬϦϫϯϭ, 2022. – 340 ϲ. 343 Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CQ Press, 2011. – P. 263 ϵϡϪϬϡ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 344 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 59–60. 345 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 176. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 163 § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϳϡϬϯ ϴϳϦϱЀϮϮϼϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ. ϓϯϭ ϐϯϬϭϡϮϮ ϩ ώϩϳϩ ύϾϱϩ ϓϯϭϡϲ346. ...Ϯϩ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϩ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϣϯϬϿ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ... ϒϦϢϡϲϳϽЀϮ ϋϴϱϷ. ρϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϮϯ-ϯϳϣϦϳϮϼ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶, Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϩ ϬϩϮϦϦϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ – ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. ώϯ ϣ ϣϼϲϹϦϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. υϯϰϱϯϲ, ϰϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϮϼϪ ϥϯϰϱϯϲ, ϯϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϮϩϦ, ϥϦϢϡϳϼ, ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϯϣ (ϲ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ) – Ͼϳϯ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϼ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϱЀϥϡ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϪ, ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϩ϶ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϲϴϳϽ. ψϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϦϱϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ. ω ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ – ϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ. σ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ347 ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϭ, ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ώϦϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ ϮϡϥϦЀϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ψϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϩϪϳϩ ϫ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϭϴ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ, ϡ ϮϦ ϯϲϳϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϯϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϬϩϢϯ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ. «ϔϭϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϥϦϬϡϿϳ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϴϭϮϦϦ, – ϰϩϹϦϳ ϕϱϾϮϫ ϒϦϲϮϯ. – ύϼ ϴϸϩϭϲЀ, ϯϢϺϡϦϭϲЀ, ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϦϭ ϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϭ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϨϡϥϡЂϭ. ύϼ ϱϡϨϥϣϩϤϡϦϭ ϤϱϡϮϩϷϼ ϩ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϣϡϦϭ ϲϦϫϱϦϳϼ. ύϼ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϦϭ ϣ ϳϡϪϮϼ ϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϭ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ. ύϼ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬЀϦϭ ϯ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϼ. ύϼ ϰϱϩϨϼϣϡϦϭ ϬϿϥϦϪ 346 Pohlmann T., Thomas N.M. Relearning the Art of Asking Questions [ϐϦϱϦϴϸϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://hbr.org/2015/03/relearning-the-art-of-askingquestions>. – 27.03.2015. 347 ρϳϣϡϳϦϱ ω. Ϡ σϡϲ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ… ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ: ϒϯϫϱϡϺ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 2-Ϧ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 111 ϲ. 164 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϫ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ»348. ϕϱϡϮϲϩϲ σϦϬϬϭϡϮ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϫϮϩϤϦ, ϰϦϱϣϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣϼϹϬϯ ϣ 1903 Ϥϯϥϴ, ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϴϭϦϬϯ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϶ϴϧϦ, ϸϦϭ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ349. ύϼ, ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϩϸϦϭϴ ϮϦ ϴϸϩϭϲЀ ϩ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϭ ϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϥϱϴϤϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ (ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ, ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲ) ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϿ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϫϦϰϳϩϷϩϨϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϨϡϥϡЂϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (϶ϯϳЀ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϭϼ ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϲЀ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ, ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ350, Ϯϯ ϩ ϯϮ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϿ). ϘϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϫϡϫ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϱϡϮϮϦϭ ϥϦϳϲϳϣϦ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ, ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ – ϮϦϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϰϴϳЀϭϩ (ϣϲϰϬЂϲϫϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϴϫϡϭϩ, ϭϩϭϩϫϡ, ϣϨϤϬЀϥ). ώϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϮϦ ϯ Ϣϼϳϯϣϼ϶ (ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩ϶ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϹϡϳϽ, ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ. σ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ ϬϿϥϩ, ϣϬϡϥϦϿϺϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϓϩϪϲ ςϦϨϽЂ, «ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϴϳϫϩϭϩ; ϲϮϩϧϡЀ ϰϯϱϯϤ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩϪ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶, ϯϮϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϡϿϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»351. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ ϒϦϪϭϴϱ ϒϡϥϭϦϮ ϩ ώϯϱϭϡϮ ςϱϾϥϢϦϱϩ, «ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ – ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϪ. σϱϡϸ, ϰϩϹϴϺϩϪ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϿ ϢϯϬϦϨϮϩ ϰϡϷϩϦϮϳϡ, Ͽϱϩϲϳ, ϣϼЀϲϮЀϿϺϩϪ ϫϱϴϤ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϫϬϩϦϮϳϡ, ϧϴϱϮϡϬϩϲϳ, ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϺϩϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϻϿϮϫϳϴϱϼ ϱϼϮϫϡ, ϰϱϯϣϯϥЀϺϩϪ ϯϰϱϯϲ ϮϡϲϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϵϩϱϭ, – ϣϲϦ ϯϮϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϨϮϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ. ϏϥϮϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼ, ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϳ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϬϩϢϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, ϥϱϴϤϩϦ – ϬϦϤϫϯ ϣϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ»352. 348 ϒϦϲϮϯ ϕ. ϋϡϫ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2018. – 316 ϲ. – ϒ. 19. 349 σϦϬϬϭϡϮ ϕ.ό. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϱϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϰϱϯϲϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ. ρϥϡϭϯϣϩϸ; ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. φ.ρ. ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϡЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ, 2011. – 294 ϲ. – ϒ. 58. 350 ϒϡϥϭϦϮ ϒ., ςϱϾϥϢϦϱϩ ώ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ.ρ. σϩϮϩϷϫϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ υ.ύ. ϑϯϤϯϨϩϮ. – ύ.: ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϕϯϮϥϡ «ϏϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ», 2002. – 382 ϲ. – ϒ. 61. 351 Besieux T. The Art of Asking Great Questions [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://hbr.org/2022/05/the-art-of-asking-great-questions>. – 17.05.2022. 352 ϒϡϥϭϦϮ ϒ., ςϱϾϥϢϦϱϩ ώ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ.ρ. σϩϮϩϷϫϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ υ.ύ. ϑϯϤϯϨϩϮ. – ύ.: ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϕϯϮϥϡ «ϏϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ», 2002. – 382 ϲ. – ϒ. 11. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 165 ώϯ, ϫ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϫϡϫ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϕϱϾϮϫ ϒϦϲϮϯ, «ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϨϮϡЂϳ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, – ϩϬϩ, ϳϯϸϮϦϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ Ϯϡ Ϯϡϲ… ώϩϫϳϯ ϩ ϮϩϤϥϦ ϮϦ ϴϸϩϳ Ϯϡϲ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϭϴ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϫϡϫ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ»353. σ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϡ϶ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϡ϶ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϮϦ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ϖϯϳЀ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ – Ͼϳϯ Ϯϡϣϼϫ (ϣ ϩϥϦϡϬϦ – ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ), ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϪ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ (ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϯϳϳϯϸϫϩ ϩ ϨϡϫϡϬϫϩ). ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ ϩ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϳϯϳ, ϫϳϯ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϦϦ ϨϡϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϳϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϴϸϩϳϲЀ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ. ω ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϔϯϬϳϡ ϊϦϪϳϲϡ, ϣ ϒϙρ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϱϤϡϮϡϭ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϢϿϥϧϦϳϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σϦϲϽ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬ «ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶» ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϣϯϬϿϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϮϡϬϩϸϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϰϬϡϮϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϶ϱϡϮϩϬϩϺϦ, ϤϥϦ ϯϮϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ώϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϒϙρ ϲ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – Ͼϳϯ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϭϯϥϮϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ, ϸϦϭ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ ύϩϮϩϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϒϙρ. ώϩϤϥϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϮϦ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ ϳϡϫ, ϫϡϫ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ354. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϯϭ, – Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶. ω ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϲϭЀϤϸϦϮϩЀ ϦЂ ϯϲϳϱϯϳϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ (ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ) ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. 353 ϒϦϲϮϯ ϕ. ϋϡϫ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2018. – 316 ϲ. – ϒ. 19. 354 Yates W. Let’s talk analytics: A response to Deputy Defense Secretary Norquist [ϐϯϤϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯϢ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ: ϯϳϣϦϳ ϨϡϭϦϲϳϩϳϦϬϿ ϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ώϯϱϫϣϩϲϳϴ] // <https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2019/08/15/lets-talk-analytics-aresponse-to-deputy-defense-secretary-norquist/>. – 15.08.2019. 166 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 2. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ψϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϩ ϨϮϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϯ ϸЂϭ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ, – ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ω Ͼϳϯϳ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϩ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϼϭ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϴ. ϏϹϩϢϫϡ ϣ ϳϩϰϦ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϯϹϩϢϫϯϪ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶355. ω Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϣϦϱϮϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϦϲϳϽ ϨϡϬϯϤ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϧϦ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. ώϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϮϩϦϭ «ϣ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϴ» ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ. σϯϰϱϯϲ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϯϧϩϥϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ (ϱϦϸϦϣϯϪ ϡϫϳ) ϡϥϱϦϲϡϮϳϡ ϫ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϴ ϲ ϨϡϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ (ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ) ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϳϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϣϯϰϱϯϲ – Ͼϳϯ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ – ϨϡϬϯϤ ϩ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ σ.ϕ. ρϲϭϴϲ, «ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϱЀϥ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϲϦ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϥϴϳ ϯϥϮϯ Ϩϡ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣϼϳϦϫϡϿϳ ϩϬϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϳ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ, ϡ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ»356. ω Ͼϳϡ ϸϩϲϳϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϡ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϩϨ ϰϱЀϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϢϦϲϦϥ, ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ – ϥϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ώϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϣ ϫϡϫϯϭ Ϣϼ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϦ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϯϮ Ϯϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϬ, Ϯϡ ϸϦϭ Ϣϼ Ϯϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϬϲЀ) ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϴϭϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϭ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϲ ϯϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϯϥ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ЀϲϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϦ, ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ – ϮϡϣϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϣϯϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼϦ, ϮϦ ϣ ϴϺϦϱϢ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ), «ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ» ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϭϩ. 355 Leek J.T., Peng R.D. What is the question? Mistaking the type of question being considered is the most common error in data analysis [σ ϸЂϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ? ϏϹϩϢϫϡ ϣ ϳϩϰϦ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϯϹϩϢϫϯϪ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // Science. – 2015. – Vol. 347. – ࠪ 6228. – P. 1314–1315. 356 ρϲϭϴϲ σ.ϕ. όϯϤϩϫϡ. – ύ.: τϯϲϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϥϡϳ, 1947. – 388 ϲ. – ϒ. 147. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 167 σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϲϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ. σϦϥϽ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ υ.ρ. ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣ, ϰϱϩ ϨϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ ϢϡϨ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ (ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ) ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϼ357. ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ) ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ Ϯϡ ϭϡϤϩϲϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ (ϤϬϡϣϮϼϪ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ) ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϥϸϩϮϦϮϡ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ ϰϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ. ϏϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϲϳЀϧϡϦϭϼϪ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϭϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ. υϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϴϭϦϮϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϣϬϡϥϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϬϿϥЀϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϴϧϦ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϦ ϩ ϮϦϴϱϦϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϯϣ (ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϺϩ϶ ϬϩϷ), ϯϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϭϡϬϼϦ ϮϦϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϬϩϷ, ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϪ, ϹϡϢϬϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϭϦϹϡϮϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶, ϣ ϯϢϼϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ωϨϱϡϩϬϦ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϴϸϩϳϽ ϩ϶ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϦ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϳϽϲЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϭ, ϡ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ358. σ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ359. ϓϡϫ, ϣ 2020 Ϥϯϥϴ ϢϼϬϯ ϯϢϻЀϣϬϦϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϋϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϒϙρ ϨϡϰϱϯϲϩϬϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϼ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ, ϡϤϱϦϤϡϷϩϩ, ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ, ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϱϦϸϽ ϹϬϡ ϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϫϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϲϴϭϭϴ ϥϯ 600 ϭϩϬϬϩϯϮϯϣ ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ Ϯϡ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϩϦ 10 ϬϦϳ)360. 357 ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣ υ.ρ. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ: Ϗϰϼϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ. – ύ.: ϑϡϥϩϯ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϽ, 1989. – 184 ϲ. – ϒ. 149. 358 τϱϡϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ Ϗ. ϋϴϱϲ «ϞϳϱϯϤ» – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ // <https://oleggranovsky.livejournal.com/194060.html>. – 03.10.2018. 359 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. σϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σϯϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϩ Ϸϩϵϱϼ / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 106 ϲ. <https://moscou-ecole.ru/ponkin_milit_ai/>. 360 Eversden A. Special Operations Command wants to upgrade its data analytics platform [ϋϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϶ϯϸϦϳ ϯϢϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // <https://www.defensenews.com/newsletters/daily-brief/2020/06/08/specialoperations-command-wants-to-upgrade-is-data-analytics-platform/>. – 08.06.2020. 168 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϒϯϨϥϡϮϮϯϦ 8 ϥϦϫϡϢϱЀ 2021 Ϥϯϥϡ τϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – Chief Digital and AI Office (CDAO)) ύϩϮϩϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϒϙρ ϣϼϹϬϯ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϤϯϳϯϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ ϵϦϣϱϡϬЀ 2022 Ϥϯϥϡ, ϡ ϲ 1 ϩϿϮЀ 2022 Ϥϯϥϡ – ϴϧϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϴϿ ϭϯϺϮϯϲϳϽ. CDAO ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЂϱϡ, ϾϫϲϰϦϥϩϳϯϱϡ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϡϳϯϱϡ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϏϢϻϦϥϩϮЂϮϮϼϪ ϷϦϮϳϱ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ, ϗϩϵϱϯϣϴϿ ϲϬϴϧϢϴ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ, ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϴ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ Advana ϩ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϰϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ361. ώϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϬϩϹЂϮ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ, ϦϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϮϡϴϸϩϭϲЀ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ Ϧϭϴ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ. σϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϯϳ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϦЂ ϩϨ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ362, Ϯϯ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϩϳϽ (ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϱϦϥϫϩϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϩ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϹϦϤϯ ϮϡϩϳϩЀ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ, ϰϯϲϳϡϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ, ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ. σϦϥϽ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ЀϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ρ ϫϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ – ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϦ. 3. ϕϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϐϯ υϡϣϩϥϴ ϐϯϬϴ ςϱϡϴϮϴ, ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϢϦϲϷϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϲϣЀϨϡϳϽ ϲ ϲϴϳϽϿ ϥϦϬϡ363. ϔ ϣϲЀϫϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϣϯЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ. 361 Demarest C. Pentagon’s AI, data office fully operational as leadership posts filled [ωω ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮϡ ϩ ϯϵϩϲ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϨϡϱϡϢϯϳϡϬϩ, ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϣϲϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϰϯϲϳϼ ϨϡϭϦϺϦϮϼ] // <https://www.defensenews.com/artificial-intelligence/2022/06/02/pentagonsai-data-office-fully-operational-as-leadership-posts-filled/>. – 02.06.2022. Strout N. Pentagon names acting chief digital and AI officer as it moves toward full capability [ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϮЀϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϩϱϦϫϳϯϱϡ ϰϯ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϳϯϳ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϫ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϭϯϺϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://www.defensenews.com/artificial-intelligence/2022/02/02/pentagonnames-acting-chief-digital-and-ai-officer-as-it-moves-toward-full-capability/>. – 02.02.2022. 362 υϩϱϫϲϦϮ υ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϢϴϸϡϳϽ: ϫϡϫ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϲϫϴϸϮϼϭ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ. υϯϬϤϯϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2013. – 276 ϲ. – ϒ. 156. 363 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: σϦϬϬϭϡϮ ϕ.ό. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϰϱϯϲϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ. ρϥϡϭϯϣϩϸ; ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. φ.ρ. ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϡЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ, 2011. – 294 ϲ. – ϒ. 289. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 169 ϐϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϣϦϱϮϡЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϹϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): – ϰϱϯЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϮϦϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϦ, ϥϯϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϦ ϰϯϫϡ ϬϩϹϽ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯ, ϯϢϱϼϣϯϸϮϯ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϯϳ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϯϳϩϰϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϯϦ, ЀϲϮϯϦ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϢ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϩ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ; – ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ; – ϣϼЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϴϳϯϸϮϩϳϽ ϷϦϬϩ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϼ, ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ (ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ); – ϴϳϣϦϱϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϭϮϦϮϩϩ; – ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ «ϵϯϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϯϬϦ» ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ; – ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ (ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ) ϩϬϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ; – ϭϡϮϩϵϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϥϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϣϯЂ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ; – ϯϳϲϦϸϽ «ϭϴϲϯϱϮϼϦ» ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϮϦϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, «ϯϸϩϺϡЀ» ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϪ ϭϡϲϲϩϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩЀϭϩ (ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ, ϰϦϱϦϤϯϣϯϱϡϭϩ, ϥϯϰϱϯϲϯϭ, ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ, ϩϮϼϭ ϱϡϨϤϯϣϯϱϯϭ); – ϯϳϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ (ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϡ) ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ; – ϴϲϳϱϡϮϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϹϩϦ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩЀ. «ύϡϬϦϪϹϡЀ ϮϦϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ – ϴϧϦ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϦ. Ϟϳϯ – ϰϦϱϣϡЀ ϩϲϳϩϮϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣϡϲ ϴϸϡϳ», – ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϧ ϡϫϳЂϱϡ ϑϯϢϦϱϳϡ ϥϦ ώϩϱϯ ϣ ϵϩϬϽϭϦ «ϑϯϮϩϮ» (1998 Ϥϯϥϡ). τϯϣϯϱЀ ϯ ϰϦϱϣϯϪ ϩϨ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣϼϹϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ, ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ, ϦϲϬϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϡϫ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽϲЀ, Ϯϡ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ «ϫϬϦЀ», ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϨϯϮϮϯ (ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ) ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ («ϲϫϬϦϩϣϡϳϽ») ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϦ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϯϢϱϦϭϦϮЂϮϮϼϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩ϶ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϪ) ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϴϰϮϼϦ ϵϱϡϫϷϩϩ, ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϲϬϩЀϮϩϿ ϫϡϰϦϬϽ ϱϡϲϰϬϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϡϬϬϡ, ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 3-2). υϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϢϬϯϫϡϭϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϋϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ» ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϢϬϯϫϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϩ϶ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϭϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ͼϳϩϭϩ «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϢϬϯϫϡϭϩ», ϲϣЀϨϡϳϽ ϩ϶. 170 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϑϩϲ. 3-2. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϰϦϬϽ ϱϡϲϰϬϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϡϬϬϡ ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϴϰϮϼϦ ϫϡϰϬϩ (ϵϱϡϫϷϩϩ)364. ψϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϣϦϱϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ – ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϦϱϦϥϦϬϫϡ϶, ϥϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ϶ (ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϡ϶). σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϣ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡЀ ϩ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡЀ (ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡЀ) ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ. ϋϯϤϥϡ-ϳϯ ϲϴϥϽЀ ύϾϮϲϵϩϬϥ ϨϡЀϣϩϬ: «ϓϡϫ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϬϿϥϲϫϩ϶ ϥϦϬϡ϶ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϽ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϢϬϡϤϯϱϡϨϴϭϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϣϼϤϯϥϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϴϥϽϩ, ϥϡ ϩ ϣϲϦ ϬϿϥϩ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϲϣϯЂ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϰϱϡϣϥϩϣϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϣϥϼ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ»365. 4. σϩϥϯϣϯϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ σ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϯϢЀϨϡϮ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ – «ϐϯϸϦϭϴ?» (ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϾϹϦϬϯϮϡ϶ ϯϸϦϱЂϥϮϯϲϳϩ). ώϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ. ϑϡϨϮϼϦ ϳϩϰϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϣϦϥϴϳ ϫ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϳϩϰ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϮϡϰϱЀϭϴϿ ϣϬϩЀϦϳ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϨϡϥϡϿϺϦϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϳϣϦϳ ϬϩϷϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. 364 ϞϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ: <https://toppng.com/show_download/118596 /mercury-drops/large>; <https://toppng.com/free-image/large-mercury-splatter-PNG-freePNG-Images_118594>; <https://toppng.com/free-image/mercury-spill-PNG-free-PNGImages_118597>. 365 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: σϦϬϬϭϡϮ ϕ.ό. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϱϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϰϱϯϲϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ. ρϥϡϭϯϣϩϸ; ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. φ.ρ. ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϡЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ, 2011. – 294 ϲ. – ϒ. 133. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 171 σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ (ϲϰϩϲϯϫ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): – ϰϯϬЀϱϮϼϭϩ (ϢϩϮϡϱϮϼϭϩ, ϥϩϬϦϭϭϮϼϭϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ «ϥϡ» ϩϬϩ «ϮϦϳ», ϩϬϩ ϲ϶ϯϧϦϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ) ϩ ϮϦϰϯϬЀϱϮϼϭϩ; – ϯϢϺϩϭϩ (ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϯϳϣϦϳ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ) ϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϭϩ (ϩϬϩ ϰϡϱϳϩϫϴϬЀϱϮϼϭϩ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ, ϯϳϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϳ «ϥϡ» ϩϬϩ «ϮϦϳ» ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϴ ϰϱϯϨϣϴϸϡϣϹϦϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϸϦϣϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϡ); – ϮϡϣϯϥЀϺϩϭϩ (ϴϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ, ϨϡϹϩϳϼϦ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϡ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ) ϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ (ϮϦϮϡϣϯϥЀϺϩϭϩ); – ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭϩ (ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϯϳϣϦϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ, Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ «ϥϡ» ϩϬϩ «ϮϦϳ»), Ϩϡϫϱϼϳϼϭϩ (ϣϯϨϭϯϧϦϮ ϦϥϩϮϩϸϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ, ϳϩϰϡ «ϥϡ» ϩϬϩ «ϮϦϳ», ϬϩϢϯ ϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ; ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϨϡϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ, ϢϦϨ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ ϥϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϪ, ϮϦϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ), ϰϯϬϴϨϡϫϱϼϳϼϭϩ (ϩϬϩ ϲϭϦϹϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ); – ϰϱЀϭϼϭϩ (ϯϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϫϡϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϱϦϸϦϣϯϪ ϡϫϳ) ϩ ϫϯϲϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ (ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϣ ϫϯϲϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ); – ϰϱϯϢϮϼϭϩ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ, ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϭϩ), ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ; – ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ; – ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ (ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭϩ); – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ (ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ) ϩ ϢϼϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ (ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ); – ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ; – ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϼϭϩ (ϱϡϭϯϸϮϼϭϩ) ϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ; – ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϼϭϩ) ϩ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼϭϩ (ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ); – ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϰϱϯϨϣϴϸϡϣϹϩϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϼϭϩ; – ϴϭϦϲϳϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϮϦϴϭϦϲϳϮϼϭϩ; – ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϢϦϨϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ; – ϰϱЀϭϯϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϯϫϯϬϽϮϼϭϩ, – ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ (ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ) ϩ ϣϳϯϱϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϼϭϩ. ϓϡϫ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϪ… ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϦϺЂ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϴϭϮϼϦ ϩ ϤϬϴϰϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ρ ϦϲϳϽ ϦϺЂ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϮϼϦ (ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϯϴϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϰϱϯϧϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳϮϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ 172 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϤϮϡϬϡ («ϣ ϬϯϢ» ϩϬϩ ϨϡϣϴϡϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ), ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϼ. (σϯϰϱϯϲϼ-ϫϯϡϮϼ, ϱϩϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϳ.ϰ. ϭϼ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ). φϲϬϩ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯϢ ϩϮϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϳϯ ϕϱϾϮϫ ϒϦϲϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ: 1) ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ; ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ – ϯ ϥϯϬϤϯϲϱϯϸϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬЀ϶, ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϡ϶; ϲ ϩ϶ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϩ ϱϩϲϫ, ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬЀ϶); 2) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ Ͼϭϰϡϳϩϩ («Ͼϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϼ ϫ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϡϭ, ϯϮϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩ϶, ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ Ϣϴϥϯϱϡϧϩϳ ϩϬϩ ϰϴϤϡϦϳ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϩ϶ ϨϡϥϴϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϰϼϳϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϡ, ϯϮϩ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϬϿϥЀϭ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϽϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ – ϡ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϲϡϭϩϭϩ ϲϯϢϯϪ»); 3) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϮϡϣϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϭϯϲϳϼ («ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳ ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϫ ϣϡϭ ϶ϯϬϯϥϮϯ, ϰϯϥϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϲ ϮϦϥϯϣϦϱϩϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϨϬϯϢϯϪ»); 4) ϫϯϮϵϱϯϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ («ϩ϶ ϢϱϯϲϡϿϳ ϣ ϬϩϷϯ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϴ, ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϯϢϣϩϮЀϿϳ, ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϩϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϫ ϯϳϣϦϳϴ»); 5) ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ («ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϨϡϥϴϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϯϢϼϥϦϮϮϯϤϯ. ϏϮϩ ϰϯϥϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϿϳ ϫ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϱϩϲϫϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭ. ϏϮϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ. ϏϮϩ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϬЀϿϳ Ϯϡϲ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ. ϏϮϩ ϱϡϨϥϣϩϤϡϿϳ ϤϱϡϮϩϷϼ. ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϴϿϳ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ»); 6) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϭϩϲϲϩϩ («ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϡϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϯϢϺϴϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ»); 7) ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ; 8) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ («ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϩЂϭϦ Ϯϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ»); 9) ϱϡϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ; 10) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϡϲϬϦϥϩЀ («Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϩ, ϯ ϬϿϥЀ϶, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϭϼ ϲϯϰϱϩϫϡϲϡϬϩϲϽ, ϩ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϲϳϡϮϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϬϦ Ϯϡϲ»)366. ϓϯϭ ϐϯϬϭϡϮϮ ϩ ώϩϳϩ ύϾϱϩ ϓϯϭϡϲ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ: 1) ϰϱϯЀϲϮЀϿϺϦϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «clarifying questions»; ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ); 2) ϲϭϦϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «adjoining questions»; ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϡϨϤϯϣϯϱϦ); 3) ϨϡϳЀϤϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «funneling questions»; ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ); 366 ϒϦϲϮϯ ϕ. ϋϡϫ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2018. – 316 ϲ. – ϒ. 281, 284, 287, 290, 293, 297, 300, 302, 305, 308, 312. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 173 4) ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «elevating questions»; ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϿϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϯϲϣϦϺϡϿϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ)367. φϺЂ ϯϥϩϮ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ: 1) ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮ Ϯϡ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲϡϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϮϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ); 2) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮ Ϯϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ, ϦϲϳϽ Ϭϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭϩ); 3) ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϩϮϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ, ϣϼϣϯϥϮϯϪ) ϣϯϰϱϯϲ (ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮ ϰϦϱϦϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϮϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ ϫϡϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ); 4) ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶); 5) ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ; 6) ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ368. υ.ρ. ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣ ϣ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϡϮϦϱϦ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϬ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϳϩϰϯϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ: 1) ϘϓϏ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϰϱϯϲϭϯϳϱϡ ϢϡϨϼ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ ϣϲϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϦϪϲЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϯ ϸЂϭ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ); 2) όω-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϿϳ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ ϰϱϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϲϡϭϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ); 3) ϋρϋϏϊ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϬϩϢϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ, ϬϩϢϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϯ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ, ϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϰϯ ϦϤϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϿ); 4) ϐϏϘφύϔ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ; ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϴϨϡϬϽϮϯϪ (ϳ.Ϧ. ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ) ϬϯϤϩϫϩ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϫϡϴϨϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϣЀϨЀϭ, ϯϳϱϡϧЂϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϢϡϨϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ; 5) ψρϘφύ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯ ϷϦϬЀ϶; ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϮϦϹϮϦ ϰϯ϶ϯϧ Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ Ϯϡ ϐϏϘφύϔ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, Ϯϯ ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϫϡϴϨϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣ ϢϡϨϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϳϩϰϡ «ϷϦϬϽ – ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯ» ϩϬϩ «ϷϦϬϽ – ϰϯϥϷϦϬϽ»; ϯϳϣϦϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϧϩϳ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϴϳϽ, ϣϦϥϴϺϩϪ ϯϳ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϫ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϼϭ; ϰϱϩ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϰϴϳϽ ϰϱϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ϶ Ϯϡ ϐϏϘφύϔ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϩϬϩ ψρϘφύ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ: «ώϦ ϨϮϡϿ» ϩϬϩ «ϏϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ»); 6) ϋρϋ-ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϣϼϥϡϮϼ ϰϯЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ)369. 367 Pohlmann T., Thomas N.M. Relearning the Art of Asking Questions [ϐϦϱϦϴϸϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://hbr.org/2015/03/relearning-the-art-of-askingquestions>. – 27.03.2015. 368 Types of Questions [ϓϩϰϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ] // <https://bookdown.org/rdpeng/artofdatascience/ types-of-questions.html>. 369 ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣ υ.ρ. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ: Ϗϰϼϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ. – ύ.: ϑϡϥϩϯ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϽ, 1989. – 184 ϲ. – ϒ. 148–150. 174 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ, ϩ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ. ψϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϦϢЀ. 5. Ϙϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϬϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ? υϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ώϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϼ ϥϬЀ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ, ϣϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϦϪ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϮϩϦ (ϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ), ϯϳ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϩϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϼ ϯϲϣϦϳϩϳϽ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϭϯϧϮϯ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϯϬϽϵϴ ςϬϩϳϷϦϱϴ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϶ϯϳϩϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ, ϣϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ. ψϣϴϸϩϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϯϢϭϡϮϸϩϣϡ. υϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϨϡϥϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϴ – ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϭ, – ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϴϭϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ ϩ – ϩϮϯϤϥϡ – ϴϥϡϸϡ370. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϑϯϢϦϱϳ τϦϪϳϲ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ, ϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϱϡϨϮϯϤϬϡϲϩϪ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ, ϦϤϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϡϭϩ371. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϨϧϦ; ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ. ω ϨϥϦϲϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϩϰϡ: «υϯϱϯϤϯϪ ϥϱϴϤ, ϡ ϮϦ ϣ ϡϭϰϦϱϡ϶ Ϭϩ ϩϨϭϦϱЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϩϬϡ ϳϯϫϡ?» ϕϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϩϤϱϡϦϳ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ ϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ / ϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ372. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϰϱϩ ϥϯϰϱϯϲϦ, ϰϱϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϰϱϩ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϴ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϡ / ϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϩϫϡ, ϰϱϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϰϱϯϲϦ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. 370 ςϬϩϳϷϦϱ σ. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ // ϒϦϲϮϯ ϕ. ϋϡϫ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2018. – 316 ϲ. – ϒ. 15. 371 Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 372 ϒϡϥϭϦϮ ϒ., ςϱϾϥϢϦϱϩ ώ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ.ρ. σϩϮϩϷϫϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ υ.ύ. ϑϯϤϯϨϩϮ. – ύ.: ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϕϯϮϥϡ «ϏϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ», 2002. – 382 ϲ. – ϒ. 15. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 175 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϦϮϴ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ϶. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϳϽϲЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϦ ϲϣϡϬϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ “ϫϱϯϬϩϸϽϿ Ϯϯϱϴ” ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϳϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϫϴϸϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϦ ϯϫϡϧϦϳ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ Ϯϡ [ϥϦϬϯ]. ϐϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϭϴ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϨϮϡϳϽ, ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϳϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ»373. ϓϩϪϲ ςϦϨϽЂ ϳϡϫ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: 1) ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϼ ϫ ϱϡϨϤϯϣϯϱϴ; 2) ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϯϰϼϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϣϼ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϦ, ϮϦ ϣϼϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϦϤϯ ϮϡϰϯϫϡϨ; 3) ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϴϤϬϴϢϩϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϩϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϢϱϯϲϩϳϽ ϣϼϨϯϣ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀϭ374. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭ: 1) ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϣϡϧϮϯϲϳϽ; 2) ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϯϸϦϱϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ); 3) ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ; 4) ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϮϯϣϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϥϴϭϡϮϼ ϣ ϣϡϫϴϴϭϦ)375. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϯϹϴ ϋϡϴϵϭϡϮϴ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭ: 1) ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϲϳϽ (ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϦϮϡ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϯϳϣϦϳϦ), 2) ϰϯϭϦϺЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ (ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ Ϯϡ ϰϴϲϳϯϭ ϭϦϲϳϦ), 3) ϣϨЀϳϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϦϢЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ Ϩϡ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ, 4) ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϡ϶376. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϱϡϨϮЀϳϲЀ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϪ ϣ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩЀ϶, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩЀ϶ ϩ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳ. ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϯϪ Ϯϡϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ. ϖϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: 373 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 97. 374 Besieux T. The Art of Asking Great Questions [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://hbr.org/2022/05/the-art-of-asking-great-questions>. – 17.05.2022. 375 Zimmerman C., Evgeniou T., Kelly D., Weng J. Are You Asking the Right Questions of Your Data Team? [ψϡϥϡϦϳϦ Ϭϩ ϣϼ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϦ ϰϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶?] // <https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/are-you-asking-right-questions-yourdata-team>. – 22.07.2021. 376 The art of asking: how to pose the right questions [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϰϱϡϹϩϣϡϳϽ: ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://mailchimp.com/courier/article/pose-the-rightquestions/>. – 04.02.2022. 176 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 1) ϲϯϥϦϱϧϩϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϴϿ ϥϩϬϦϭϭϴ, ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϦ, ϥϣϴϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϦϱϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ, ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ; 2) ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϮϦϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ (ϦϲϬϩ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϦϮ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ); 3) ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϯϳϣϦϳ – ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϦϤϯ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ ϲϳϯϩϬϡ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ ϾϲϲϦ, ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϿ, ϡ ϮϦ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϦ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ; 4) Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ (ϲ Ϸϩϳϡϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϡϭϩ), ϡ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ. σϯϰϱϯϲϼ «ϫϡϫ» ϩ «ϰϯϸϦϭϴ» ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϸϦϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ «ϫϳϯ», «ϸϳϯ», «ϫϯϤϥϡ» ϩ «ϤϥϦ». ϖϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭϩ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ: ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ, ϥϩϬϦϭϭϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ377. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϪ (϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ ϳϦϭ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. 6. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ ωϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ (ϩϬϩ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϦ) ϩ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϮϦ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϳ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϮϦ ϰϯϬЀϱϮϼ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ, ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϸϳϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ – ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϬϩϹϽ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϦϥϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϩ϶, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶) ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϥϡϬϦϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϣϦϲϯϣϼϭ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡϭ. ω ϨϥϦϲϽ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϦϮ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ. Ϟϳϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ «ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩЀ», ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϣϡ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡЀ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϣϼϣϯϥϡϭ. ώϴϧϮϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲ ϯϳϣϦϳϡϭϩ. σϦϥϽ, ϫϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ ρϬϡϮ ϒϩϤϦϬ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϼϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϦϤϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϦϬϡϳϽ378. 377 Asking Analytical Questions [ψϡϥϡϣϡϪϳϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ] // <https://www.brandeis.edu/writing-program/resources/faculty/handouts/asking-ananalytical-question.html>. 378 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. xvi. § 3.6. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ: ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ 177 σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϭ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϦ (ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϴ, ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ) ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡϭϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. ψϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϣϩϥϼ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϡϫ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ, Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ, ϴϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ, ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ. φϲϬϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ, ϯϮ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϯ ϨϡϫϱϼϳϩϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ. σ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ, ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϬϩϷϡϭ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ. σϯϰϱϯϲ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϪ Ϩϡϰϩϲϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϩ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϦϤϯ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ ϥϯ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϡϫϱϼϳϩЀ. ψϡϰϩϲϽ ϯϢ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡϭ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϶ϯϥϡ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ Ϩϡϰϩϲϩ. ϑϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϩ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭϩ. σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϯϥϩϮ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϪ Ϩϡϰϩϲϩ ϩ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϿ. σ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϩϲϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϩϳϽ Ϩϡ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϰϯ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϮϦ ϥϴϢϬϩϱϯϣϡϬϩϲϽ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϬϩϲϽ ϲϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ. ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϯ ϦϤϯ ϨϡϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ379. σϡϧϮϯ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. ϔ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϼϦ ϷϦϬϩ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϦϤϯ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϩϲϳϡϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϭϡϬϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϭϡЀ, ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ. ωϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϩϬϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϢϦϲϦϥϼ ϲ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡϭϩ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ. ωϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϬϡϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϩ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡϭϩ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϤϯ ϣϯϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ωϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ – ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϡЀ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ. ϏϮϡ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϦϳ ϰϱЀϭϯϦ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ ϩϬϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ ϬϿϥϦϪ. 379 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. 351–353. 178 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ σϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϦϱ ϨϡϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϩϰϩϸϮϼ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ ϯϥϩϮ Ϯϡ ϯϥϩϮ. σ Ϥϱϴϰϰϯϣϯϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ (ϲ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ) ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϦϱ ϲϳϡϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϯϳ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϡ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϥϣϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϡ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: 1) ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϦϱ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϩϲϯϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ); 2) ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿϦϱ ϮϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϵϯϱϭϡϳ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ). σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϫ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϭϴ, ϯϳ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϫ ϫϯϮϷϴ ϩϬϩ ϯϳ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϫ ϯϢϺϦϭϴ. σϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϫϡϫ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϱϦϲϰϯϮϥϦϮϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ380. σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ (ϦϺЂ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϣ): – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ (ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ) ϩ ϭϡϳϱϩϷ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ; – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ) ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ; – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ ϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϫ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ; – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ. 380 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. 347, 349. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 179 ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ σ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϳϼ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϦϹϽϲЀ ϥϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩϪ, ϡ ϴϰϡϥЂϹϽ ϥϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ. ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ ϖϯϥϡϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ381 φϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϣϦϱϩϳϦ ϦϤϯ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϭ, ϩϬϩ ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳ, ϣϡϭ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϳϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϑϯϢϦϱϳ τϦϪϳϲ. ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ382. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϐϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϴϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϴ ϩ ϰϱϯϭϼϲϬϴ, ϭϦϮЀϬϩϲϽ, ϫϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ υϧϩϭ ύϡϱϫϩϯ, Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϣϱϦϭЂϮ. ϏϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϱϼϣϩϲϳϯϤϯ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϡ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ϶ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϣ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ϶ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϣ ϱϯϬϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϩϤϱϡϬϩ ϩ ϩϤϱϡϿϳ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ383. σ ϥϦϫϡϢϱϦ 2013 Ϥϯϥϡ Ϯϡ I σϲϦϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϢϼϬ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮ ϋϯϥϦϫϲ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ384, Ϯϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ Ͼϳϯϳ ϢϼϬ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϡϢ, ϴϨϫϯϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮ ϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϱϦϮ. 381 ϓϦϬϦϤϱϡϭϭ-ϫϡϮϡϬ <https://t.me/aleksandr_skif>. Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 383 Marchio J. Analytic Tradecraft and the Intelligence Community: Enduring Value, Intermittent Emphasis [ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ: ϮϦϰϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϺϡЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϯϪ ϾϭϵϡϨϩϲ] // Intelligence and National Security. – 2014. – Vol. 29. – ࠪ 2. 384 ϋϯϥϦϫϲ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ // όϴϸϹϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ – ϮϡϹϩ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϩϫϩ. σϼϰ. 1. – ύ.: ϑϔυώ; ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2021. – 350 ϲ. – ϒ. 345–349. 382 180 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ σ 2014 Ϥϯϥϴ ϢϼϬ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ «ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ»385, ϣ 2017 Ϥϯϥϴ – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ «ϐϱϯϣϩϨϯϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ»386, ϣ 2018 Ϥϯϥϴ – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ «ςϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ»387, ϣ 2020 Ϥϯϥϴ – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳ «ϒϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ»388. σϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϸϦϳϼϱϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϳϯϧϦ ϢϼϬϩ ϴϨϫϯ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϼ (ϫϡϧϥϼϪ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϴ ϲϣϯϿ ϲϵϦϱϴ), ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬϩϲϽ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϴϥϡϸϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϭϩ. ϓϦϱϭϩϮ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ» ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϡϳϮϯ ϴϰϯϭϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ τϏϒϓϡ϶, Ϯϯ ϮϴϧϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϳϡϭ ϮϦϳ. ώϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ Ϭϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ «ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ» ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϣ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϦ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ? ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ Ϭϩ ϴϧϦ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ (ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ), ϬϩϢϯ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ? ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩ ϵϯϱϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϵϡϱϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϢϩϨϮϦϲϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϳϡϫϡЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ. ώϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ (϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϯϳϸϡϲϳϩ) ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϯ. ϋϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϦ) ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϩ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϳϦ϶ ϬϩϷ ϩϬϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϨϡϰϱϯϲϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϩ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϼ ϫ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϿ. 385 ϐϱϩϫϡϨ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 28.10.2014 ࠪ 809Ϯ «ϏϢ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ “ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ”» (ψϡϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϣ ύϩϮϿϲϳϦ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ 24.11.2014 ࠪ 34882) // ςϿϬϬϦϳϦϮϽ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ ϵϦϥϦϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ. – 01.06.2015. – ࠪ 22. σ ϱϦϥ. ϯϳ 12.12.2016 – ϒϐϒ «ϋϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳ ϐϬϿϲ». 386 ϐϱϩϫϡϨ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 22.05.2017 ࠪ 427Ϯ «ϏϢ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ “ϐϱϯϣϩϨϯϱ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ”» (ψϡϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϣ ύϩϮϿϲϳϦ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ 05.06.2017 ࠪ 46958) // ϏϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ-ϰϯϱϳϡϬ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ <http://www.pravo.gov.ru>. – 07.06.2017. 387 ϐϱϩϫϡϨ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 25.09.2018 ࠪ 592Ϯ «ϏϢ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ “ςϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ”» / ψϡϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϣ ύϩϮϿϲϳϦ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ 11.10.2018 ࠪ 52408 // ϏϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ-ϰϯϱϳϡϬ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ <http://www.pravo.gov.ru>. – 12.10.2018. σ ϱϦϥ. ϯϳ 14.12.2018 – ϒϐϒ «ϋϯϮϲϴϬϽϳϡϮϳ ϐϬϿϲ». 388 ϐϱϩϫϡϨ ύϩϮϳϱϴϥϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϯϳ 06.07.2020 ࠪ 405Ϯ «ϏϢ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ “ϒϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ”» (ψϡϱϦϤϩϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϣ ύϩϮϿϲϳϦ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ 05.08.2020 ࠪ 59174) // ϏϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ-ϰϯϱϳϡϬ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ <http://www.pravo.gov.ru>. – 05.08.2020. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 181 Ϟϳϯ – ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯ-ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ; Ϯϯ ϯϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϳϡϫϩϭ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ389. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϯϢϦϱϳϴ τϦϪϳϲϴ: «ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϲ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ) ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϢϼϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳ Ϭϩ ϯϮϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϩϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϳ), ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϡϹ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϢϼϬ ϰϱϯϸϳЂϮ ϩ ϯϷϦϮЂϮ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ. ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ, ϩϨϴϸϡЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀЀ ϣϲϦ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀЀ, ϤϥϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ, “ϲϬϦϰϼϦ” ϨϯϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ – ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϱϦϡϬϩϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ»390. ϏϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϫϬϡϥ ϣ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϩ, ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϣϮϯϲϩϳ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ BABOK (Business Analysis Body of Knowledge)391 ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA)) ϣ Ϥ. ϓϯϱϯϮϳϯ (ϋϡϮϡϥϡ), Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮ ϬϩϹϽ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϴ ϲϵϦϱϴ. 2. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϡϫϳϡ϶ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϒϙρ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϐϯ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϴ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϤϦϯϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϯϣ. ϐϴϮϫϳ «a» ϲϦϫϷϩϩ 1019 ψϡϫϯϮϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ»392 Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϳ ϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ϶ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «standards of proper analytic tradecraft»), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϰϴϮϫϳϡϭ 3 ϩ 4 ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡ «D» ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ 389 Clark J.R. Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ: ϒϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ]. – Westport (Connecticut): Praeger Security International, 2007. – xi; 194 p. – P. 1. 390 Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 391 A Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK Guide) [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ] // <https://www.iiba.org/career-resources/a-businessanalysis-professionals-foundation-for-success/babok/>. 392 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) / Public Law ࠪ 108– 458 – Dec. 17, 2004 [ψϡϫϯϮ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ»] // <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-108publ458/pdf/PLAW108publ458.pdf>; <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-108publ458/html/PLAW108publ458.htm>; <https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/laws/intelligence-reform-andterrorism-prevention-act-2004>. 182 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ», ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϯϪ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203 (ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϳ 21.06.2007, ϢϼϬ ϰϦϱϦϲϭϯϳϱϦϮ, ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮ ϩ ϯϥϯϢϱϦϮ ϣ ЀϮϣϡϱϦ 2015 Ϥϯϥϡ)393, «ϲϬϴϧϡϳ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ. ϑϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϤϡϿϳ ϯϢϺϴϿ Ͼϳϩϫϴ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϡ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ». ϐϴϮϫϳ «h» ϲϦϫϷϩϩ 102A ϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ψϡϫϯϮϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ» ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ Ϯϴϧϥ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϬ ϰϯϯϺϱϦϮϩЀ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϬ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϱϮϯ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϼϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϢϼϬϯ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϯϰϯϱϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϰϯ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϩ ϥϯϣϯϥϩϬϩϲϽ ϥϯ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϢϯϱϺϩϫϡϭϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϼ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϬϴϸϹϦϭϴ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϰϯϥϰϴϮϫϳϴ (2) ϰϴϮϫϳϡ «b» ϲϦϫϷϩϩ 1019 ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ψϡϫϯϮϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 2004 Ϥϯϥϡ «Ϗ ϱϦϵϯϱϭϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϳϦϱϱϯϱϩϨϭϡ», ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ: – ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ, ϢϼϬ Ϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ; ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϤϯϣϡϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶; 393 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 183 – ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ, ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ; – ϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϳ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ. υϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ», ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϼϪ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϯϪ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203394, ϨϡϫϱϦϰϩϬ ϮϩϧϦϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ 5 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩ϶ 9 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ (ϲϸϩϳϡϦϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϥϬϩϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ): A). ϗϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϦ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϢϦϲϰϱϩϲϳϱϡϲϳϮϯ ϩ ϲ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ; ϯϮϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϿϳ ϩ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϴϿϳ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ ϫ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϿ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϥϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. B). ώϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϯϳ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϲϫϡϧϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϥ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϼ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϩ, ϰϯϣϦϲϳϫϩ ϥϮЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ; Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϣϬϩЀϳϽ ϲϩϬϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ. C). ϒϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮϡ ϭϯϤϬϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϡ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡϭϩ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ); ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϼ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϣ ϫϴϱϲϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϩ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϯϣ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϯϣ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣ ϮϴϧϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. D). ϏϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦϪ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϴϲϳϱϡϮЀϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ 394 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. 184 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϭϦϱϯϰϱϩЀϳϩЀϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϡ ϩ ϲϢϯϱϡ. φ). ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ, ϣ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ: 1. ϐϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϪ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ ϩ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱϼ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 22.01.2015 ࠪ 206 «ϓϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϡϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ»395, ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϫ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЀϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϩϷϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϭϡϮ, ϴϲϳϡϱϦϣϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϴϿ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϡ ϫ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϴ, ϭϯϳϩϣϡϷϩϿ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϴϿ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϼϳ. ϒϣϯϥϮϼϦ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ϶, ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϣϼϹϦϮϡϨϣϡϮϮϯϪ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 22.01.2015 ࠪ 206, ϮϡϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϯϣϡϮϼ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϣ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. 2. ϐϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϥϬЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. ϒϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϣϦϲϽ ϲϰϦϫϳϱ – ϯϳ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϪ ϥϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ. ϔϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ ϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϡϨϦ ϣ ϦЂ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ Ϯϡ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϳϦϭϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϳϩϰ, ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ) ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϬϩЀϿϳ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ 395 Sourcing Requirements for Disseminated Analytic Products / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 206, 22.01.2015 [ϓϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϡϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 22.01.2015 ࠪ 206] // <https://irp.fas.org/dni/icd/icd-206.pdf>. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 185 ϯϳ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ). ϐϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϳ ϴϱϯϣϮϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶, ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣϼϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϱϦϹϡϿϺϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϣ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ Ϭϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ. υϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ: ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦϳ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ 1–5% ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ 5 – 20 % ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ 20 – 45 % ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ 45 – 55 % ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϡϣϦϱϮЀϫϡ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲ ϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ 55 – 80 % 80 – 95 % 95 – 99 % ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϲϭϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳ ϲϭϦϹϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢ ϯϳϫϡϨϦ ϯϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϴϿ (ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ) ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ. σϯ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϮϩϦ ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϼ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ «ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ» (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, «ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ»), ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϿ, ϣ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϩ ϳϯϭ ϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ. 3. ώϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϦ ϱϡϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϢϡϨϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϲϮϯϣϮϴϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϿϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϴϿ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϳ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϿϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡ; ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϬϩЀϿϳ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϒϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϢϡϨϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ϶. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ЀϣϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ 186 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϲϬϴϧϡϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϪ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϨϡϰϯϬϮЀϿϳ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϦϲϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϫϡϧϴϳϲЀ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϭϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ, ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϼ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. 4. σϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ. ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϦϬϯ ϲϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϩ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ) ϩϬϩ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀϭ. ϐϱϩ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϫϡϫ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ. σ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ϶ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϼ, ϰϯϣϬϩЀϿϳ Ϯϡ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ. ϩ 5. υϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϡϷϩЀ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϯϣ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ). ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡϭ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϯϪ ϩϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϣϼϹϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϢϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϫ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϡϭ, ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϴ, ϴϤϱϯϨϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭ, ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩϭ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ. 6. ωϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϪ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϯϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ (ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩϦ). ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶. σϲϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϥϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϼ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϮϼϭϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ. ϠϨϼϫ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϲϭϼϲϬ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦ ϮϦϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼϭϩ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϣϬϩЀϿϺϴϿ Ϯϡ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϺϦϪ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϭϴ. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 187 7. ϏϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. σ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ϶ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ, ϬϩϢϯ ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϲϣϦϺϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϭϼ. ϏϮϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϬϩϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϬϩϹϮϦ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ. ώϯ ϯϮϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϩ ϰϱϩϣϦϬϩ ϫ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼϭ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭ. σ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ϶ (ϦϧϦϥϮϦϣϮϼϦ ϯϳϸЂϳϼ ϯ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶; ϰϱϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀϭ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϴϸϳϦϮϼ ϩ ϥϯϣϦϥϦϮϼ ϥϯ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϣ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ). 8. ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϰϼϳ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϯϣ ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϢϼϬϩ Ϣϼ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ ϫϬϩϦϮϳϡϭ, ϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭϴ ϱϩϲϫ ϯϹϩϢϩϳϽϲЀ. ώϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ: ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϽ), ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϦϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϣϡϬϲЀ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ. ϒϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯ, ϴϭϦϮϽϹϡЀ ϥϣϴϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ. ϠϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϣϲϦϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. 9. σϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϤϥϦ Ͼϳϯ ϴϭϦϲϳϮϯ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϥϬЀ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ) ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϮϼ ϣ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϳϡϢϬϩϷϡ϶, ϢϬϯϫϲ϶Ϧϭϡ϶, ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ϶), ϸϦϭ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ. σϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϩϲϰϬϦϦϣ ϥϬЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ. σϦϲϽ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ. σϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ 188 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϳϦϭϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳ ϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ.396 υϬЀ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ «ϐϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϙϫϯϬϼ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ» (ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϐϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϫϡϱϽϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ): 1. ωϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϯϲϳϽ. ϒϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ. σϲϦ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ, ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ. ώϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ЀϣϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϳϲЀ. 2. ϏϲϯϨϮϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ. ϘЂϳϫϯ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϪϳϦ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ. ϐϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϪϳϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ. φϲϬϩ ϮϦϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϱϩϲϫ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϩ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶. 3. τϯϳϯϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. ϏϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϪϳϦ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ ϮϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϲϽ ϫ ϲϣϯϦϭϴ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϡϫ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϣϯϦϭϴ. ϏϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϪϳϦ ϯϰϼϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳ ϣϡϹ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣϡϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϲϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϡϲ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ϶. 4. ϋϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϩϡ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϮϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ. ώϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϦ ϩ ϥϡϣϡϪϳϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϡϹϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϪϳϦ ϩ ϨϡϺϩϺϡϪϳϦ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϼ ρϤϦϮϳϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϥϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. υϡϣϡϪϳϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϦ ϲϣϯϩ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϼ; ϥϦϬϡϪϳϦ Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ. 5. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ЀϨϼϫϡ. ϏϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϪϳϦ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϦ, ϩϬϩ ϮϯϣϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϣϡϭϩ ϵϡϫϳ. ωϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϪϳϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϱϦϸϽ ϩ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ; ϩϨϢϦϤϡϪϳϦ ϩϨϬϩϹϮϦϪ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ; ϲϣϦϥϩϳϦ ϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭϴ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ. ϒϬϦϥϴϪϳϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀϭ ϥϩϱϦϫϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϰϯ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϋϯϱϯϸϦ – ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϬϴϸϹϦ. 6. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϮϦϹϮϩ϶ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϨϡϹϯϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϩϺϩϳϦ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϣϮϦϹϮϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϣϡϹϦϭϴ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ϒϬϦϥϩϳϦ Ϩϡ ϮϯϣϯϲϳЀϭϩ 396 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. § 3.7. ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ 189 ϯ ϣϡϹϦϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϥϴϭϡϪϳϦ, ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳ Ϭϩ ϩ϶ ϳϯϸϫϡ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ. ϐϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϪϳϦ, ϤϥϦ ϩ ϣ ϸЂϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϮϩ϶ ϬϩϷ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϣϡϹϩϭϩ. 7. ϏϳϫϱϯϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϴϱϯϫϯϣ ϩϨ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ. ϐϱϩϨϮϡϣϡϪϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯϪ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀ϶. ϐϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϪϳϦ ϰϱϯϹϬϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϯ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭϩ; ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦ. ϏϰϯϣϦϺϡϪϳϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϯϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϢϼϬϡ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯϪ. ϏϢϻЀϲϮЀϪϳϦ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩ ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳ. 8. σϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϪϳϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϣϦϲϳϫϦ ϥϮЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϴϱϯϸϦϮϡ ϫ ϮϦϪ. ϏϢϻЀϲϮЀϪϳϦ, ϫϡϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϡϹϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϪϳϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϯϱϤϡϮϴ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϴϤϱϯϨϯϪ, ϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϷϦϬϩ. 9. ώϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϪϳϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϣϦϲϳϫϦ ϥϮЀ. ϐϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϬϩЀϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σϦϧϬϩϣϯ, Ϯϯ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϳϫϬϯϮЀϪϳϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϯ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ϶ ϰϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϡϭ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲϯϫϱϡϺϡЀ ϥϩϡϰϡϨϯϮ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϼЀϣϬЀЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϥϦϬϡϦϭ ϣϼϢϯϱϡ Ϩϡ Ϯϩ϶.397 397 Marrin S. CIA's Kent School: Improving Training for New Analysts [ϙϫϯϬϡ ϋϦϮϳϡ ϗϑϔ: ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ] // International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. – 2003. – Vol. 16. – ࠪ 4. – P. 609–637. – P. 630–631. 190 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϒϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ ϬϿϢϣϩ ϫ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϦϳ ϹϦϥϦϣϱϼ. ϘϡϱϬϽϨ ϑϩϥ398. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϫ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϭ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭ, ϴϭϦϮϩЀϭ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ ϮϩϧϦϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ: 1) ϣ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϩ, ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ: – ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ (ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϣ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϧϡϳϼϦ ϲϱϯϫϩ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ» ϩ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ; ϰϱϩϮЀϳϴϿ – «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ», ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ Ϯϡ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣϳϯϱϯϤϯ, ϳϱϦϳϽϦϤϯ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϾϹϦϬϯϮϯϣ; «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ» ϲϴϳϽ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ; – ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϿ, ϲϴϳϽ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ; – ϣϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϭ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ (ϩϬϩ ϦЂ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ) Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; – ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϴϿ (ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϴϿ) ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϴϿ ϦЂ ϱϡϢϯϸϴϿ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϿ; – ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϥ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ; 398 Reade C. Put yourself in his place [ϐϯϲϳϡϣϽϳϦ ϲϦϢЀ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ]. – London: Chatto and Windus, 1893. – 58 p. – P. 35. Quotations: A Clever Compilation of Pithy Quotations, Alphabetically Arranged According to Sentiment [ϗϩϳϡϳϼ: ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡЀ ϰϯϥϢϯϱϫϡ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ Ϸϩϳϡϳ, ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϡϬϵϡϣϩϳϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦϭ] / Agnes H. Morton. – Philadelphia: Penn, 1893. – 195 p. – P. 68. § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 191 2) ϣ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ: – ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ, ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϤϩϢϫϯ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯ, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ, ЀϲϮϯ, ϮϦϯϱϥϩϮϡϱϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ; – ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϰϱϩЂϭϡϭϩ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ399 ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ; – ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϲϸЂϳ ϣϲϦ ϩ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϭϦϬϯϸϩ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ; – ϩϭϦϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩϿ ϲϦϫϳϯϱϡ (ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡ) ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ; – ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϽϿ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ, ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦЀϣϮϼϦ (ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ) ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϩ; – ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭϩ ϯϢϺϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ; – «ϯϸϩϺϡϳϽ»400, ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ; – ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯ, ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯ (ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ) ϩ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϴ; ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϯϳϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϼ϶ ϩ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϤϩϢϫϯϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ; – ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϴϿ ϲϴϳϽ (ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϼ, ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ, ϩϥϦϪ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ; – ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶, ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϮϯϦ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϯϬϦ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ (ϰϯϣϼϹϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ); 399 ϔϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϩϲϳϩϮϼ ϩϨ ϩϲϳϩϮ, ϴϧϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϩ ϴϧϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶. ώϯ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϩϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϦϳ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϩϲϳϩϮϴ ϫ ϩϲϳϩϮϡϭ, ϴϧϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϭ. ώϯϣϡЀ ϩϲϳϩϮϡ ϣϼϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϩϨ ϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϦЂ ϰϱϩϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϰϯϲϼϬϫϡϭ ϲϯϨϮϡЂϳϲЀ Ϯϡϭϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϩ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ. (ρϲϭϴϲ σ.ϕ. ϒϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: σ 7 ϳ. ϓ. 3: όϯϤϩϫϡ. – ύ.: όϦϮϡϮϥ, 2015. – 832 ϲ. – ϒ. 150). ϔϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϩЂϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϭϼ ϩϨ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϮϯϣϯϦ, ϣϼϣϯϥϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ. (όϯϤϩϫϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. υ.ϐ. τϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϐ.σ. ϓϡϣϡϮϷϡ / ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ. – ύ.: τϯϲ. ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1956. – 280 ϲ. – ϒ. 124). 400 ϋϡϱϬ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ: «υϡϮϮϼϦ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϢϼϣϡϿϳ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϸϩϲϳϼϭϩ, ϫϡϫ ϣϡϭ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ. ϏϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϼϭϩ, ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϩЀϳϽ Ϯϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϡ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϳϱϴϥϯЂϭϫϩϭ ϩ ϥϯϱϯϤϩϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ». (ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 18). 192 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϣ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϣϩϥ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ (ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ); 3) ϣ ϲϢϯϱϦ ϩ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϾϫϲϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϿ) ϩ ϡϤϱϦϤϡϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϡϱϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ «ϳϯϮϮ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ»; ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϢϯϱ, ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϫϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ϶) ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ; ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ; ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϡϫϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ – Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ, «ϣϯϬϮϡϭϩ»; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ; – ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ, ϵϯϱϭ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ; 4) ϣ ϲϯϱϳϩϱϯϣϫϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϨϡϭϦϱϼ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ «ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ» ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ), ϲ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ Ϯϡ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϭ, ϯϳϢϱϡϲϼϣϡЀ ϣϲЂ ϬϩϹϮϦϦ; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩϦ» ϩ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ «ϤϩϤϩϦϮϴ» ϩ «ϯϸϩϺϦϮϩϦ» ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϾϫϲϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϿ) ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶401, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϯϳϲϦϣ ϮϦ ϨϡϲϬϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϩ «ϭϴϲϯϱϮϼ϶» ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; 401 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ (ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϡ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϹϫϡϬϼ: 1) ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ; 2) ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ; 3) ϥϯϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ; 4) ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ; 5) ϮϦϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ; 6) ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ. ϏϷϦϮϫϡ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϡ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϹϫϡϬϼ: 1) ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ; 2) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ; 3) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ; 4) ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ; 5) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϥϯϰϯϥϯϢϮϼ; 6) ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ. (ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 193 5) ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ: – ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϫ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϩϥϦϪ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ «ϨϡϹϩϳϼ϶» ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϿ, ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϿ, ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ; – ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ, ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϩ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡ϶, ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ϶, ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ϶, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ϶, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ; – «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ», ϣϼЀϲϮЀϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϲϦϭϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ; 6) ϣ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϭ ϲ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϴϭϯϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ; – ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ (ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϳϽ) ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ, ϱЀϥϼ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ, ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϩ϶ «ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩЀ» ϩ «ϰϱϯϹϩϣϫϩ»; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϡϮϮϯϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ; – ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϼϪ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼϪ, ЀϲϮϼϪ, ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϪ, ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ; – ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶; 7) ϣ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϡϱ϶ϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ Ϩϡϰϩϲϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϱϦϨϦϱϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡϱ϶ϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϤϯ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϫϡϳϡϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩϩ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϴϮϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϫϱϩϰϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϨϡϺϩϳϼ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭϯϭ); – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 246–247). 194 τόρσρ 3. ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϩ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ 8) ϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: – ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϴ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ, ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ; – ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ, ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ, ϥϩϲϢϡϬϡϮϲϯϣ, ϲϢϯϦϣ, ϮϦϴϥϡϸ, ϮϦϱϡϢϯϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϯϣ; 9) ϣ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϷϩϩ: – ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ; ϩ – ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϯϤϯ (ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϷϩϪ) ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ; 10) ϣ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ: – ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϫ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϯϥϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ – ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ402; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ; ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ «ϲϡϭϯϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ»; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϱϦϥϮϦ- ϩ ϥϯϬϤϯϲϱϯϸϮϴϿ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϴ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ; 11) ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣ ϰϯϬЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ403 ϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ, ϣ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ: – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϲ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϮϡϬϩϸϩЀ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ; ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ; 402 ϒϭ.: ϐϦϪϥϧ ϒ. ύϯϥϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ. ϋϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ώ. ϠϷϿϫ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ω. ϋϱϡϲϩϫϯϣ, ρ. ύϩϮϽϫϯ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2020. – ϒ. 14. 403 ϋϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ υϯϮϡϬϽϥ ϑϡϭϲϵϦϬϥ: «ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϨϮϡϦϭ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ. ώϯ ϦϺЂ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϺϩ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϭ» (ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤ 12.02.2002). § 3.8. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 195 – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ404; – ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϯ϶ϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ405; – ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϢϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ406; 12) ϣ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: – ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϫ ϰϱϯϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ «ϡϤϦϮϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽϿ» – ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϩϸϡϳϽ (ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϱϯϢϯϳϴ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ); – ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ (ЀϲϮϯ, ϣϦϲϫϯ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯ) ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϩ ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϯ ϦϤϯ ϩϳϯϤϡϭ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ; – ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϲϳϡϩϣϡϳϽ, ϨϡϺϩϺϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϿ, ϳϯϸϫϴ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ (ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϥϩϵϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϪ, ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϡϤϱϦϲϲϩϣϮϯ-ϣϱϡϧϥϦϢϮϯ ϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϦϪ. ϐϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϼϹϦ ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϡϥϱϦϲϴϦϳϲЀ (ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮ) ϣϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϫϣϡϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϩϨ ϣϼϹϦϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. Ϟϳϯ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϱϼ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ, ϣ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯϪ «ЀϫϯϱϮϯϪ» ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ. 404 ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ρϬϬϦϮ υϡϬϬϦϲ: «ςϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϭϼ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϨϮϡϦϭ ϣϲϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ώϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϶ϯϥ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϬϩϥϦϱϯϣ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϳϣϯϱЀϳ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϿ. υϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϭϼ ϣϨЀϬϩϲϽ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϭϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϮϡϹϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϦϳ, ϭϼ ϲϫϯϱϯ ϨϡϢϬϴϥϩϬϩϲϽ Ϣϼ ϣ ϮϦϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϸϡϺϦ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϦϪ… ϋ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϲϳϡϮϦϳ ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϫϯϪ». (υϡϬϬϦϲ ρ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϲ ϲϯϫϱϡϺ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ; ϔϬϩϲϲ, 1992. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 171). 405 σϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ЀϨϼϫ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ) ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϰϯϥϯϢϩϦ. (ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 68 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ)). 406 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 196 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.1. υϩϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 4.8. ύϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 4.9. ϏϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 4.10. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.1. υϩϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϥϩϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: 1) ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϳϦϬϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ (ϷϦϬϦϣϼϦ) – ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ: – ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ – ϥϯϢϯϱ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ (Ϩϡϰϱϯϲ) ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ); – ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϦ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ (Ϯϡ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ) ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ (ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ), ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ (ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϯϣ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ), ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϩϥϦϪ; – ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϪ, ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϪ (ϲϫϱϼϳϯϪ) ϩϬϩ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϢϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϮϯϦ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϫϯϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϥϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ); – ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ «ϥϱϯϢϬϦϮϩϦ» ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ; § 4.1. υϩϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 197 2) ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ): – ϭϼϲϬϩϭϯϲϳϽ; – ϰϯϣϳϯϱϩϭϯϲϳϽ (ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ, ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ); – ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϡϭϢϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ – ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯ-ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ); – ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϯ϶ϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϰϯϬϩϬϡϳϦϱϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ, ϭϮϯϤϯϡϲϰϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϭϮϯϤϯϤϱϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ); – ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ Ͼϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϯϣ ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ; 3) ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ – ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϫϡϫ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ) – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϴ: – ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϫϱϦϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϭϯϧϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϯ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϱϡϨ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϪ ϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ); – ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡϱϱϡϳϩϣϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ; – ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϡЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϥϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ (ϣ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ, ϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ) ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϫϩ; – ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ; – ϰϱϡϫϲϩϯϱϩϨϡϷϩЀ – ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ407 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩ ϨϮϡϫϯϣ, ϣϯϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ (ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϤϯ) 407 ρϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀ (ϯϳ Ϭϡϳ. «approximare» – ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϡϳϽϲЀ) – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ «ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ» ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϲ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϸϩϲϬϡ Ͳ ϲ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϯ ϰЀϳϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϫϡ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϨϡϰЀϳϯϪ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ. ρϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϬϡϲϽ ϣ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϩϬϡϲϽ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. ρϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϡ ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (όϦϣϩϮ τ.υ. ρϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀ // ώϯϣϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. σ.ϒ. ϒϳЂϰϩϮϡ: σ 4 ϳ. ϓ. 1: ρ–υ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ. 2001. – 744 ϲ. – ϒ. 153). 198 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϦϱϳϩϮϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ408 ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ409 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϰϯϥ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϡ. ώϩϧϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϼ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ): ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ; ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ. σϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϬϯϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ). 408 ϐϦϱϳϩϮϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ – ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀϭ ϩ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ (ϮϦ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϡЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ). 409 σϡϬϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ – ϭϦϱϡ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ. σϡϬϩϥϡϷϩЀ – ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϼ (τϏϒϓ ϑ ISO 9001-2011). § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ 199 § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϙϳϩϱϬϩϷ, σϼ ϣϦϥϽ ϲϡϭϩ ϴϸϩϬϩ ϭϦϮЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϫϯϪϲϳϣϩϿ… Ϡ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϨϡϣϩϥϯϣϡϬ σϡϹϦϭϴ ϴϭϦϮϩϿ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϴϿ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮ χϦϬϥϩϮ ϣ ϱϯϬϩ σϩϬϽϤϦϬϽϭϡ ϖϯϬϳϯϵϵϡ ϣ ϵϩϬϽϭϦ «ϒϦϭϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ ϭϤϮϯϣϦϮϩϪ ϣϦϲϮϼ»410. [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϦ] ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϳЀϧЂϬϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ. σϯϳ ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϳϡϫ ϭϡϬϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ Ͼϳϩϭ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ. ύϡϱϫ όϯϣϦϮϳϯϬ, ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϫϮϩϤϦ υϾϣϩϥϡ ύϴϱϡ «ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ…»411 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ (ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «precisión analítica»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical precision») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϦϥϻЀϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϴ, ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϦϤϯ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ. ωϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϨ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϦЂ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ) – Ͼϳϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϴϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ «ϭϦϬϯϸϩ» ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. «ώϦϬϽϨЀ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϥϦϬϡ϶ ϩ ϮϦϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϭϦϬϯϸϡ϶», – ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϩϪ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϬ υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϡϳϳϯϮ ϣ ϭϡϦ 1941 Ϥϯϥϡ412. σ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ – ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ώϦ ϥϴϭϡϿϺϡЀ ϯ ϸϩϲϳϯϳϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ «ϭϴϲϯϱϮϼϭϩ» ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϬϩϹϦϮϡ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ. ϐϯ υϧϩϭϴ ύϡϱϫϩϯ, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ (ϫϡϫ ϣ ϵϡϫϳϡ϶, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ϶) – ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ413. ω Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – «ϯϸϩϲϳϫϡ» ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ 410 ύϮϯϤϯϲϦϱϩϪϮϼϪ ϳϦϬϦϵϩϬϽϭ ϟ.ϒ. ϒϦϭЂϮϯϣϡ ϩ ϓ.ύ. όϩϯϨϮϯϣϯϪ «ϒϦϭϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ ϭϤϮϯϣϦϮϩϪ ϣϦϲϮϼ», 8 ϲϦϱϩЀ, 00:08:06 – 00:08:09; 00:14:56 – 00:15:01. 411 Lowenthal M.M. Foreword // Moore D.T. Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis: Occasional Paper Number Fourteen [ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ώϦϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϮϯϭϦϱ ϸϦϳϼϱϮϡϥϷϡϳϽ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): National Defense Intelligence College, 2007. – xxi; 134 p. – P. ix. 412 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: General George Patton-jr. Quotes // <https://militaryconnection.com/militaryquotes/george-patton/>. 413 Marchio J. Analytic Tradecraft and the Intelligence Community: Enduring Value, Intermittent Emphasis [ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ: ϮϦϰϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϺϡЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϯϪ ϾϭϵϡϨϩϲ] // Intelligence and National Security. – 2014. – Vol. 29. – ࠪ 2. 200 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϳ ϮϡϲϬϯϦϮϩϪ ϨϡϹϬϡϫϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ; ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϨϡϹϴϭϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϭϩ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϡϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϫϦ. «80 % ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ѐ ϳϱϡϸϴ Ϯϡ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣϼϩϤϱϼϣϡϿϳ ϴ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ϓϯϭϲϯϮ ώϤϴϦϮ414. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϳϯ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϐϯϬϡ ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥϡ, «ϰϱϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϭϼ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϭ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϳ “ϤϯϬϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ”, ϡ ϳϦ “ϵϡϫϳϼ”, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϦϮϼ ϣ ϮϡϹϦ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϴϧϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ»415. ϒϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϫ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϿ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ ϐϬϾϳϳϡ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ «ϳϴϭϡϮ» ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ416 (ϱϩϲ. 4-1). ϑϩϲ. 4-1. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩЀ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ» ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, «ϰϱϯϱϼϣϡЀϲϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϲϳϦϫϬϯ ϳϴϭϡϮϡ» ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϩ. σ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭϩ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϡϳϮϯϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϳϯϤϯ ϧϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϰϱϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϩ ϳϯϭ ϧϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϦ ϣ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϼ϶ 414 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 37. 415 ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥ ϐ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1986. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 149. 416 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 33, 256. § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ 201 ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϥϩϲϰϦϱϲϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϩ ϳϦ϶ ϧϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϩ ϳϦ϶ ϧϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϡ϶ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϪ ϫ ϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϮϦϭϴ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ, ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϡ϶ (ϫϯϾϵϵϩϷϩϦϮϳ ϣϡϱϩϡϷϩϩ)417. σ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϫ «ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϭϴ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ» ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϯϪ ϣϦϬϩϸϩϮϼ ϩ ϦЂ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϼϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦϭ. ώϦϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϮϩϷϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϱϦϥϮϩϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϼϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦϭ. ώϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϭϦϱϼ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϫϡϫϯϭϴ-ϬϩϢϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϴ. σ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϰϦϱϲϩЀ» ϩ «ϣϡϱϩϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ». ώϦϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϳϯϤϯ ϧϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϡ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϯϣ, ϰϯϲϬϦ ϸϦϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϦ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϳϯϳ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϫ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϦϳ ϫϱϡϪϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϦϱϩϩ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϦ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϲϳЂϳ ϲ ϱϯϲϳϯϭ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϡϷϩϩ418. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϡЀ ϰϱϩϢϬϩ˃ϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϦЂ ϵϡϫϳ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ) ϣϼϣϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ ϫ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϭϴ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϭϴ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϩ ϰϡϱϳϩϫϴϬЀϱϮϡЀ (ϰϯϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϮϡЀ, ϰϯϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ), ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϡЀ ϩ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ) ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϦϱϲϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϺϩϦ ϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϩ ϳϦ, ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯϸϮϼ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ 417 Precisión [ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ] // <https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/6978/05MetalesC omponentesSedimientos03.pdf>. 418 Vinagre J. Calidad de métodos analíticos [ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ] // Producción y manejo de datos de composición química de alimentos en nutrición [ϐϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϦ ϰϩϺϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϥϩϦϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ] / Editado por Cecilio Morón, Isabel Zacarías, Saturnino de Pablo Universidad de Chile; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos. – Santiago (Chile), 1997. 202 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϩϫϩ-ϲϢϯϱϺϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϱϡϨϣϦϥϸϩϫϩ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϩϫϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ-ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϩϫϩ) ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ. φϲϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϯϭϮϦϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ Ͼϳϯ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ (ϩϬϩ ϩϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ), ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϸϦϲϳϽ ϩ϶ ϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϺϡЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϦ, ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϭϦϸϦϮϡ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩϦ ϦЂ. ϔ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϮϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϼϦ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϯϹϬϯ. ώϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϱϦϹϡϿϺϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϔϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϴ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. σϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ, ϯϷϦϮϫϴ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϼϣϯϥϼ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϦϱϦϧϦϮϩЀ (ϳϡϭ, ϤϥϦ Ͼϳϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϯ). ϐϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϼ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ, ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϣ) ϣ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ, ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϴ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ (ϯϳϸЂϳ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϩ, ϫϡϱϳϼ, ϳϡϢϬϩϷϼ ϩ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϩ ϲ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϼϭ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦϭ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϲ ϴϤϱϯϨϯϪ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ, ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϱϡϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ. ωϳϯϤϯϣϼϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϩ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ419. ϔϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϡϭϢϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϮϯ (ϥϣϯϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ). ϑ.σ. ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϩЂϭ. ώϡ ϳϱϦϮϩϮϤϦ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭϲЀ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ «ЀϢϬϯϫϯ». ψϡϳϦϭ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϣϯЂ ЀϢϬϯϫϯ ϰϯ ϰЀϳϩ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭ. ω ϳϴϳ ϣϼЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϴ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ ЀϢϬϯϫϯ ϸϦϭ-ϳϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ. ϐϯϲϬϦ ϸϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϮϩϷϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϨϮϡϫϯϣϯϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ. ϒϬϯϣϯ «ЀϢϬϯϫϯ» – ϨϮϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϮϩϨϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ. ώϯ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ ЀϢϬϯϫϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϮϦ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϯϣϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ420. 419 Normas Analíticas de Policía [ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ] / Iniciativa Global para el Intercambio de Información Judicial; Asociación International de Analistas de Inteligencia Policial, Inc. 2a edición, Abril 2012. – Richmond (VA, USA), 2012. – 39 p. – P. 21–22. 420 ϑϯϭϡϸϦϣ ϑ.σ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϫϴϱϲ HUMINT ϥϬЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. – ύ.: τϯϱЀϸϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ – ϓϦϬϦϫϯϭ, 2022. – 340 ϲ. – ϒ. 161. § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ 203 ϐϯ ρ.σ. ςϴϱϽЀϫϴ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ – ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϯϲϳϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ. φϲϬϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ – ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ421. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϢϬϩϨϫϡЀ ϫ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϼ (ϣ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϰϱϦϷϩϨϩϯϮϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϣϦϲϯϣ ϣ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ) ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϼ ϲ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϲϬϡϢϯ-ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϦϬϽϳϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ. ϒϬϯϣϡ ύϡϫϲϡ σϦϢϦϱϡ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ «ϸϦϭ ϸЂϳϸϦ ϩ ЀϲϮϦϦ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϼ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϩϰϼ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϮϦ ϯϳ ϭϩϱϡ ϲϦϤϯ ϯϮϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ, ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϳϦϭ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϯϮϩ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϿϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϿ, ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϾϣϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ»422, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϲϳϽ ϩ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϴϿ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ, ϣϼϣϯϥЀ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϼϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϦ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϳϥϡϬЀϦϳ ϯϳ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ). Ϙϳϯ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϩϦ Ϯϡ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϡ ϯϳϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϭϦϱϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ ϩ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϮϫϩ. ωϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϧϦϱϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϭϯϫ (ϰϯϬϮϯϳϡ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ), ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϡ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϰϱϩϮϦϲϦϮϼ ϣ ϧϦϱϳϣϴ ϱϡϥϩ ϦЂ ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϸϦϭ ϥϬЀ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϱϴϥϯϣ423. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϳϯ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯϭϴ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩϿ ρϮϱϩ ύϡϳϩϲϲϡ, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϽ424. ω ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϏϬϩϣϦϱ ϔϾϮϥϦϬϬ ϖϯϬϭϲϭϬ., ϯϥϮϡ ϬϩϹϽ «ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϦϭ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ. ύϼ ϢϼϬϩ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϼ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϣϦϺϡ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϦϱϫϴ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϼϭϩ»425. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳЀ϶, Ϯϯ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϩϳϯϤϦ – 421 ςϴϱϽЀϫ ρ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ρ. υϱϯϨϥϯϣϡ. – ύ., 2022. – ϒ. 351. Max Weber Gesamtausgabe [ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϳϱϴϥϯϣ ύϡϫϲϡ σϦϢϦϱϡ]. Abteilung I: Schriften und Reden. Band 23. – Tübingen: J.C.B.Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 2013. – P. 171. 423 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 48, 51. 424 Matisse H. L’exactitude n'est pas la vérité [ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϽ] // <https://citation-celebre.leparisien.fr/citations/31117>. 425 The Fundamental Holmes: A free speech chronicle and reader. Selections from the Opinions, Hooks, Articles, Speeches, letters, and Other Writings by and about Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. [ϕϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϖϯϬϭϲ: ϶ϱϯϮϩϫϡ ϩ ϲϣϯϥ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϼ϶ ϱϦϸϦϪ. σϼϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϩϨ ϭϮϦϮϩϪ, ϨϡϭϦϳϯϫ, ϲϳϡϳϦϪ, ϱϦϸϦϪ, ϰϩϲϦϭ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ ϏϬϩϣϦϱϡ 422 204 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϳϡϫ ϳϯϧϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ, ϡϣϳϯϱ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϥϴϦϳ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϲ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϨϡϭϦϮϼ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ (ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϳϯϸϮϼ϶) Ϯϡ ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ – ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϲ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σϦϥϽ ϦϺЂ ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ώϦ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ… ϏϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ [«ϨϮϡϿϺϩϪ»] ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϲϳϡϮϦϳ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫ ϳϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ… υϯϬϧϮϯ… ϮϦ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶, ϡ ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϳϽϲЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ»426. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϭϦϱϡ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϭϦϮЀϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀЀ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ «ϰϯϩϲϫ ϱЀϥϯϭ», ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ, ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϰϯϰϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϣ «ϥϦϣЀϳϫϴ» ϩ ϥϡϧϦ «ϣϯϲϽϭЂϱϫϴ» ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϭ, Ϯϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ (ϱϩϲ. 4-2). ώϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϲϳϩ. υϡϧϦ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦ ϲϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ. ϐϯ ϑϯϥϧϦϱϴ ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮϴ, «ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϩϱϰϩϸϩϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϮϦϢϯϲϫϱЂϢϡ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϼϣϡϿϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϮϡϲϳϯϱϯϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ»427. ώϯ ϢϦϨ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϯϱϯϿ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ. ω ϣϡϧϮϯ ϲϯϢϬϿϲϳϩ ϢϡϬϡϮϲ. σϦϮϥϦϬϬϡ ϖϯϬϭϲϡ-ϭϬϡϥϹϦϤϯ ϩ ϯ ϮЂϭ] / Edited with essays, notes, and comments by Ronald K.L. Collins. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. – P. 199. 426 ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ. ώϩϫϯϭϡ϶ϯϣϡ Ͼϳϩϫϡ. – ύ.: υϩϱϦϫϳߝύϦϥϩϡ, 2020. – 222 ϲ. – ϒ. 4, 13. 427 ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮ ϑ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ.ϐ. ϒϯϮϩϮϡ ϩ Ϗ.φ. ψϩϬϽϢϦϱϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1957. – 191 ϲ. – ϒ. 62. § 4.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ 205 ϑϩϲ. 4-2. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ (ϣ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϩϩ ϫ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ) ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭϩ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϱϹϱϴϳϯϣ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ428, ϲ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϩϭϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϼ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϮϦϲϦϮϼ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϵϦϱ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϫϡϳϡϬϩϨϡϳϯϱϡ ϩϥϦϪ. 428 ϋϯϭϩϲϲϡϱϯϣ σ.ω., όϦϯϮϳϽϦϣ σ.ω. ϓϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϹϩϮϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ, 1985. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 15. 206 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ψϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϴ ϰϯ Ͼϳϴ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ Ѐ ϮϦ ϥϡϭ ϣϡϭ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ. ώϯ Ϩϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϴ ϰϯ ϳϴ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ Ѐ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϯϳϥϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϴ ϭϦϮЀ ϦϲϳϽ. ϏϬϩϣϦϱ ϔϾϮϥϦϬϬ ϖϯϬϭϲ (ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽ, ϯϳϦϷ ϲϴϥϽϩ ϏϬϩϣϦϱϡ ϔϾϮϥϦϬϬϡ ϖϯϬϭϲϡ-ϭϬ.)429. ϐϱϯϲϳϦϪϹϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϸϱϦϨϣϼϸϡϪϮϯ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϢϼϣϡϿϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭϩ. ς.ό. σϡϲϩϬϽϦϣ. ϔϳϯϬϩ ϭϯЀ ϰϦϸϡϬϩ430. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϬϿϥϩ ϰϦϮЀϿϳ ϣϡϭ Ϯϡ ϣϡϹϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϮϩ ϨϡϢϼϣϡϿϳ, ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϩ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϦϮЀϬϩ ϣϡϭ Ϯϡ ϣϡϹϴ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϴ. ύϡϪϫϬ ςϾϲϲϩ υϧϯϮϲϯϮ. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «complexité»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «complejidad»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «complexity») ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϦЂ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϦЂ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϦЂ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϲϳϽ) ϩ ϦЂ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ – ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϭ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϾϰϡϳϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡϣϯϱϯϳϼ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯ (ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯ) ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϮϯ (ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϢϦϨ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ) «ϭϮϯϤϯϾϳϡϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϰϩϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϱϡϨ» «ϢϦϨϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϼϭϩ, ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϬϴϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϯϱϡϭϩ»431 ϩ ϳϯϭϴ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϼϦ ϩ϶ ϾϰϩϲϳϯϬЀϱϮϼϦ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩЀ. ϑϦϸϽ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϯϢ ϩϮϯϭ – ϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ, ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϥϡϬϦϫϡ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ. ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϣϦϺϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ, ϰϯ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϲ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ (ϩ϶ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ Ϯϩ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ρ.ϒ. ϐϴϹϫϩϮϡ, Ϯϩ ϣ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ «ϡ ϥϡϣϡϪϳϦ-ϫϡ ϰϯϰϱϯϺϦ, ϩϢϯ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭ, ϡ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϩ ϬϦϨϳϽ Ϯϡϭ ϬϦϮϽ»). ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ ϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ (ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ) ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϣϦϺϦϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭϩ. 429 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Biblical hermeneutics: five views [ςϩϢϬϦϪϲϫϡЀ ϤϦϱϭϦϮϦϣϳϩϫϡ: ϰЀϳϽ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϣ] / Edited by Stanley E. Porter, Beth M. Stovell. – Downers Grove (Illinois, USA): InterVarsity Press Academic, 2012. – P. 187. 430 σϡϲϩϬϽϦϣ ς.ό. ϔϳϯϬϩ ϭϯЀ ϰϦϸϡϬϩ. – ύ.: ρϒϓ, ρϲϳϱϦϬϽ, 2019. 431 τϡϬϽ ώ. ϒϬϯϣϯ ϧϩϣϯϦ ϩ ϭЂϱϳϣϯϦ. ωϨ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϡ. – ύ.: ϋϮϩϤϡ, 1975. – 196 ϲ. – ϒ. 79, 9. § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 207 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϒϳϦϵϡϮϴ όϴϰϡϲϫϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϲϳϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϥϩϥϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϷϩϦϪ432. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ, ϰϯ ςϬϦϨϴ ϐϡϲϫϡϬϿ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϿϳ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϮϦϰϱϯЀϲϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϲϳ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϫ Ϯϩϭ433. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ ϣϦϺϡϭϩ ϩ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩЀϭϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ (ϯϸϦϮϽ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϥϦϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ, ϥϡϧϦ ϲ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϩ ϣ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ϶ ϩ ϣ ϫϯϱϱϦϬЀϷϩЀ϶) ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ (ϲϭ. ϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 4-3), ϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϭ ϡϱϲϦϮϡϬϯϭ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϦϳ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϢϯϨϱϩϭϯϭ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. «ϖϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϡϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϣϩϥЀϳ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ, ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϤϡϳϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϳϦϮϫϯϣ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϮϡϳϿϱϭϯϱϳϡ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ υϾϣϩϥ ςϴϱϫϴϲ434. ϑϡϣϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϲϿ ϭϮϯϤϯϤϱϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϰϯϬϩϬϡϳϦϱϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ) ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϡϲϰϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣϲϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϮϼ϶ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϪ, ϣϲЂ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϰϦϱϦϰϬϦϳϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϣϲϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϴϿ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϩ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϯϳϳϦϮϫϯϣ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ ϫϡϱϡϮϥϡϹϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϫϱϡϲϯϫ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϢϯϤϡϳϯϪ ϷϣϦϳϯϣϯϪ ϰϡϬϩϳϱϼ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϯ ϲ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϳϯϮϫϯϪ ϮϡϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ, ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, Ͼϳϯ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϷϣϦϳϫϡ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϬϩϹϽ ϷϣϦϳϡϭϩ ϫϱϡϲϫϩ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. ς ϣ ϫϯϮϷϦ ϫϮϩϤϩ) – ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϯ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ (ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ), Ϯϯ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϰϡϬϯ, ϴϰϴϺϦϮϯ. 432 Lupasco S. L'énergie et la matière vivante [ϞϮϦϱϤϩЀ ϩ ϧϩϣϡЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩЀ]. – Paris: Julliard, 1974. – 353 p. – P. 186 etc. 433 ϐϡϲϫϡϬϽ ς. ύϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ., ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳϡϳϽЀ, ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϟ.ρ. τϩϮϨϢϴϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϭ. ϒϡϢϡϹϮϩϫϯϣϼ϶, 1995. – 480 ϲ. – ϒ. 378. 434 ςϴϱϫϴϲ υ. ύϴϨϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϥЂϳ: ϐϱϡϣϥϡ ϩ ϭϩϵϼ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϱϯϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2015. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 169. 208 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 4-3. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ Ϥϱϡϵϡϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «knowledge graph») ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϥϡϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ (ϢϦϨ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϩЀ) ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϯϸϩϮϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ (ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϩϫϡ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ. ω «ϢϬϯϤϦϱϲϳϣϯ» ϰϲϦϣϥϯ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϮϩϭϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϹϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϡ. ώϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϵϡϱϭϡϷϦϣϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϥϱ. – Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϯϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϦ. ϐϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 209 ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ Ͼϳϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϯ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϲ ϸϦϭ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϿϳϲЀ, ϸϦϭ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϭϩϱϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϩ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϺϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ, ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ύϯϱϤϡϮϡ ϒϫϯϳϳϡ ϐϦϫϡ, ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϯϳϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϲЂ ϴϰϱϯϺϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϬЂϤϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϼ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ, Ϧϭϴ ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϯ, ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦ ϯϳ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϥϯϫϲϯϣ ϧϩϨϮϩ, ϮϦ ϲϭϴϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ, ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩ϶ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϯϰϼϳϴ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϩ ϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϳϯϳ ϵϡϫϳ, ϸϳϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϧϩϨϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϡ435. ϒϡϭ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ (ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶) ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϦ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϥϦϪ, ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦ ϣ ϬϿϥЀ϶ ϩ ϮϦ ϣ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ϶, ϡ ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϩ ϣϳϯϱϼ϶, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ; ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϰϯϥϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬ436. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ςϦϮϴϡ ύϡϮϥϦϬϽϢϱϯϳ, Ϩϡ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ «ϰϬϡϳϩϳϽ» ϣϯϨϱϯϲϹϦϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϩ ϰϯϱϯϿ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϵϩϤϴϱϡϷϩϪ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϦϬϩϫϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϥϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ (ϰϱϩϳϯϭ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼϦ) ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ Ϯϩ϶; ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϯ ϲϯϰϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣϲЀϫϯϪ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϦ ϭϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ437. ϔϭϮϯϧϩϳϽ 5 Ϯϡ 9 – Ͼϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϯϣϲϦϭ ϮϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϯϲϭϯϳϱϦϣ ϣ ϯϫϮϯ Ϯϡ ϳϴϸϩ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϯϧϥЀ ϣ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϳϽ ϰϯϥ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϯϣϦϲϳϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϤϱϡϮϩϷϼ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϩϧϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϮϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ. ώϯ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϸϳϯ ϧϦ ϭϼ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ? σϦϥϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϴϱϯϣϮϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϢϯϳ. 435 M. Scott Peck: On the Wisdom and the Meaning of Life [M. ϒϫϯϳϳ ϐϦϫ: Ϗ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϧϩϨϮϩ] // <https://excellencereporter.com/2019/05/27/m-scott-peck-on-thewisdom-and-the-meaning-of-life/>. – 27.05.2019. 436 ςϴϱϫϴϲ υ. ύϴϨϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϥЂϳ: ϐϱϡϣϥϡ ϩ ϭϩϵϼ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϱϯϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2015. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 142, 82, 160. 437 ύϡϮϥϦϬϽϢϱϯϳ ς. ϕϱϡϫϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϤϦϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ. – ύ.: ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, 2002. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 140, 155, 560. 210 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϬϧϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ (ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϢϦϲϲϣЀϨϮϼ϶, ϩ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼ϶), ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ, Ϯϯϣϼϭ, ϷϦϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ ϲ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ͊.͏. ρϭϯϲϯϣϴ, «ϸϦϭ ϣϼϹϦ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϳϦϭ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϭϴ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϰϡϱϡϬϬϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϡϮϡϬϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϯϥϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ, ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϮϦϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϮϯ»438. υϧϯϮ ϒϳϿϡϱϳ ύϩϬϬϽ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϑϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϳϦ϶ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϯϳ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϦϬϩϫϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ [Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϽ Ϯϩ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϽ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϮϯϱϯϣϬЀϳϽ ϮϡϹϩ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϫϩ ϫ ϳϦϭ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϫϡϫ ϤϬϡϲϩϳ Ϯϡϴϫϡ, ϣϼϳϦϫϡϿϳ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ»439. ϒ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϲϦϤϯ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϰϯϬϡϤϡϳϽ, ϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϑϡϪϬϩ ϞϣϡϮϲ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ (ϩ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϮϦϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϬϩϷϯ) ϲϭϯϳϱϩϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϮ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ. ϏϮ ϮϦ ϴϣЀϨϮϦϳ ϣϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ. ώϡ ϾϳϯϪ «ϲϳϯϱϯϮϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ» ϣϲЂ – «ϸЂϱϮϯ-ϢϦϬϯϦ»440. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϴϥϯϬϽϵϴ ϵϯϮ ωϦϱϩϮϤϴ, ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϩϭϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ) ϦϲϳϽ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ441. ω Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϱϩϤϯϥϮϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ υϧϯϨϦϵ Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ ϩ ωϡϮ ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϡϭϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ 438 ρϭϯϲϯϣ ͊.͏. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ. – ϋϩϦϣ: ώϡϴϫϯϣϡ ϥϴϭϫϡ, 1968. – 88 ϲ. – ϒ. 41. 439 ύϩϬϬϽ υ.ϒ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ ϲϩϬϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ: ωϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ϩ ϰϱϩϬ. σ.ϋ. ϕϩϮϮϡ. ωϨϥ. 5-Ϧ, ϩϲϰϱ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: όφώρώυ, 2011. – 832 ϲ. – ϒ. 651. 440 Evans R. Third-Level Thinking: The beauty of getting through complexity [ύϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϱϦϳϽϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ: ϋϱϡϲϯϳϡ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://rampitup.substack.com/p/t hird-level-thinking>. 441 Jhering, von R. Geist des römischen Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen seiner Entwicklung [υϴ϶ ϱϩϭϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ]. Teil 3. Bd. 1. – Leipzig, 1865. – S. viii–ix. – § 55. § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 211 ϲ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϡ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϤϬЀϥЀ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲ ϦЂ ϸϡϲϳЀϭϩ442. ϐϯ ϟ.ϓ. ϑϴϢϡϮϩϫϴ, «ϰϼϳϡЀϲϽ ϣϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϯϬϮϴϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡϲ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϿ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϬϡϮ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϭϼ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϭϲЀ ϲ ϶ϩϳϱϯϲϰϬϦϳϦϮϩϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϣϭϦϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϮϦ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϭ. υϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϳϽ ϢϡϱϽϦϱ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϼ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϭ ϴϰϱϯϺϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡϲ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϥϦϬϩϭ ϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϸϡϲϳϩ, ϰϯϯϸϦϱЂϥϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ, ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. σ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϯϫ, ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϯϥϩϮ ϩ ϳϯϳ ϧϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϲЂ ϦϺЂ ϣϼϤϬЀϥЀϳ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϥϦϬϩϭ Ϯϡ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϩ Ͼϳϩ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ ϩ϶ ϲ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϩ ϳϡϫ ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϯϫϡϧϴϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ… ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ «ϱϡϲϸϬϦϮЀϿϺϦϤϯ» ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϭ, ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϼϭ ϣϩϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϦϤϯ Ϯϡϲ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ. υϡ, ϭϼ ϩϭϦϦϭ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϲϮϩϭϫϯϣ, ϣϨϤϬЀϥϯϣ Ϯϡ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ. σϯϰϱϯϲ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϲϮϩϭϫϩ, ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϦϪ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϣϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϭ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡϭ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϭϯϨϡϩϫϴ, ϣϼϮϩϭϡЀ ϩϨ ϫϯϱϯϢϫϩ ϦЂ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϦ ϩϭϦЀ ϣ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϳϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ»443. ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲϡϭϯϷϦϬϽ, ϮϦ ϰϡϮϡϷϦЀ ϩ ϮϦ «ϲϣЀϺϦϮϮϡЀ» ϥϯϤϭϡ. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, Ϯϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϣϣϯϥϩϳ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦ ϲϡϭϡ, ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϡ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϢϦϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. ϑϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϯϩϮϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. υϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮϮϴϿ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ, 442 Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ υϧ., ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ: ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 254 ϲ. – ϒ. 98, 142, 24. 443 ϑϴϢϡϮϩϫ ϟ.ϓ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϣϥϩϣϯϪ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ: ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϿ // Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ υϧ., ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ: ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 254 ϲ. – ϒ. 9– 10. 212 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϫϡϧЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϦϤϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-4). ϑϩϲ. 4-4. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϹϦ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ ϮϡϬϩϸϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϡ-ϿϣϦϬϩϱϡ (ϰϯϥ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ) ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ (ϯϲϫϯϬϫϩ ϢϴϳϼϬϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϦϫϬϡ, ϥϦϳϲϫϩϦ ϩϤϱϴϹϦϸϮϼϦ «ϲϳϦϫϬЀϹϫϩ», ϰϯϣϱϦϧϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϡϨϼ ϩϨ ϤϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϶ϱϴϲϳϡϬЀ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϫϡϭϴϹϫϩ), ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϴ-ϿϣϦϬϩϱϴ (ϰϱϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ) ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϷϦϮϮϯϤϯ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ υϧϯϨϦϵ Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ ϩ ωϡϮ ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ, «ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϤϯ Ϣϼ ϳϯ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϰϴϳЀϭϩ. ώϡϨϼϣϡЀ ϸϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ, ϭϼ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭ ϲϦϢϦ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣϼϨϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϡϭϩ ϭϯϨϡϩϫϡ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϨ ϳϼϲЀϸϩ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ, ϭϼ ϩϭϦϦϭ ϥϦϬϯ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ… ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ – ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ. ϏϮϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϣ ϳϦ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϣ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϰϱϦϢϼϣϡϳϽ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ, ϳϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϼ ϢϦϲϲϸЂϳϮϼϭ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ. ώϦϬϽϨЀ ϲϴϥϩϳϽ ϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴЀϲϽ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭϩ § 4.3. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 213 ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ ϩ϶ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ. υϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣϦϱϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϸϦϭ ϭϦϮϽϹϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ, ϳϦϭ ϰϱϯϺϦ ϦЂ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. σϲЂ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ… ώϯϣϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϸϡϲϳЀϭϩ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϡ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩ϶ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ Ϯϡ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϴ. ϘϩϲϬϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϱϡϲϳϩ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ – ϩϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, ϸϦϭ ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϤϯ… ϏϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϳϽ ϩϨ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϲϩϲϳϦϭ, ϩ ϣϲϦ ϯϮϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϰϱϦϢϼϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϸϡϲϳЀϭϩ. ϐϯϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϲ϶Ϧϭϴ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ – ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϸϳϯ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϰϴϳϽ ϣ ϬϡϢϩϱϩϮϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡϭϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ»444. ώϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϼϹϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ. Ϟϳϯ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ό.ώ. ϓϯϬϲϳϯϤϯ, – «ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϩ»445. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ. φϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϦϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ. φϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ЀϣϮϡЀ, ϦϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϡЀ. φϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. φϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭϡЀ (ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϡЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ), ϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϦϰϯϥϣϬϡϲϳϮϡЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ υϧϯϨϦϵ Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ ϩ ωϡϮ ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ, «ϭϯϧϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϥϣϡ ϳϩϰϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ: ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϡЀ, ϮϦϴϲϳϱϡϮϩϭϡЀ, ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮЀЀ, ϣϩϥϩϭϡЀ. ϐϯϥϬϩϮϮϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ “ϳϦϭϮϯϪ” ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϶ϡϯϲϡ… σϮϦϹϮЀЀ, ϣϩϥϩϭϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ – ϦϲϳϽ “ϲϣϦϳϬϡЀ” ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡ ϶ϡϯϲϡ. ϏϮ [϶ϡϯϲ] ϣϼϤϬЀϥϩϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ, ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ. υϬЀ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϦϳϲЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϣϡϧϮϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ, ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϼ ϣ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϭ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ, ϮϦϴϲϳϱϡϮϩϭϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ – ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϫϯϣ ϶ϡϯϲϡ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϴϰϦϱϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϯϣ»446. 444 Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ υϧ., ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ: ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 254 ϲ. – ϒ. 37–38. 445 ϓϯϬϲϳϯϪ ό.ώ. ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: ϓ. 41: ϋϱϴϤ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ: ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ όϽϣϯϭ ϓϯϬϲϳϼϭ, ϭϼϲϬϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϩϮϦ, ϧϩϨϮϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ 1904–1908 / ϓ. 1. – ύ.: ϖϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϡ, 1957. – 610 ϲ. – ϒ. 106. 446 Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ υϧ., ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ: ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 254 ϲ. – ϒ. 105. 214 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϡ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϸϡЀ ϲϱϦϥϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytic work environment»), ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϡЀ ϲϦϳϽ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭϩϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϭ ϣ ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϩϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ, ϯϢϺϩϦ ϢϡϨϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϳϦϫϴϺϩ϶ ϮϦϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϴϧϦ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϳЂϳ ϣ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϱϯϲϳϯϭ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. υϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϴϧϦ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϰϯ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ. σϲЂ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣЀϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ. ϐϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϯϷϦϮϫϡϭ, ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩϦ, ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ, ϴϥϣϡϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ447. υϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϩϲϳϲϫϩϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϯϳ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ «ϲϱϦϧϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϯϳϦϱϩ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «cut your losses»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϨϢϡϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϲϬϡϢϯ-ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ «ϳϯϫϲϩϸϮϼ϶» (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϨϡϳϱϡϳϮϼ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϫϡϫ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϦ) ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ «Ϲϴϭϯϣ», Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϢϦϨϥϴϭϮϯ ϩ ϲϫϯϱϯϰϡϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϢϱϴϢϡϦϭϼϦ ϩ ϲϢϱϡϲϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϼ (ϮϡϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ) ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϦϮϼ ϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ (϶ϯϳЀ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ), ϡ ϩ϶ ϲϢϱϯϲ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϨϡϰϴϳϼϣϡϮϩϿ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϿ, ϰϯϳϦϱϦ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϮЀϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ – ϣ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϵϯϱϭϦ. ω Ͼϳϯ – ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϰϯϲϬϦ «ϰϦϱϦϣϡϬϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϱϴϢϦϧ» ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϩϳϽ ϫ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϿ (ϰϯϥϸϦϱϫϮЂϭ – Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϯϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϩϳϯϤϯϣϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ – ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ. 447 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 5, 401. § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ 215 § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical fluency») ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϭ ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. Ϟϳϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϒ.ό. ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮϴ, ϫϡϫ «ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϦϦ ϱЀϥ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ, ϢϦϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϮϦ ϢϼϬ Ϣϼ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϫ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ»448. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϱϯϧϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϿϳ Ϧϭϴ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ. Ϟϳϴ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ ϰϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽϿ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϸϩ ϹϫϯϬϽϮϩϫϯϣ, ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϭϯϪ ϩ ϨϡϭϦϱЀϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϭϬϡϥϹϩ϶ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ϶ ϹϫϯϬϼ (϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϸϩϲϬϯϭ ϲϬϯϣ, ϰϱϯϩϨϮϯϲϩϭϼ϶ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϲ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϩ ϸϳϦϮϩϩ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ); ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϱϦϸϽ ϯϢ ϩϮϼ϶ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϡ϶ ϩ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ωϬϩ Ͼϳϴ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ ϲ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϤϱϼ Ϯϡ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϡ ϴ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϮϳϡ ϲ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϭ ϣϬϡϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϭ ϭϴϨϼϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ, ϭϴϨϼϫϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϦϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϪ449. σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Ͼϳϯ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϲЂ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϬϦϳϴ˃» ϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ «ϫϱϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϨϫϡϭϩ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϡ» ϩϬϩ «Ϣϼϲϳϱϼϭ ϰϦϱϯϭ» (ϢϦϨ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ). ϏϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ, ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϯ ϬЂϤϫϯϲϳϩ) – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϰϲϩ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϯϮϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ (ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϡϦϭϼ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ450. 448 ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮ ϒ.ό. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ. – ϒϐϢ.: ϐϩϳϦϱ, 2019. – 713 ϲ. – ϒ. 537. ϒϭ.: ϒϴϥϡϱϩϫϯϣ ρ. ϙϫϯϬϡ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. ςϡЀϮ. ρϫϫϯϱϥϦϯϮ. – ύ.: ϋϯϭϰϯϨϩϳϯϱ, 2001. – 57 ϲ. ϘϦϱϮϩ ϋ. ϙϫϯϬϡ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϳϦϰϩϡϮϯ. ϒϯϸ. 299: ϔϸ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱ. – ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ: όϡϮϽ; ϐϬϡϮϦϳϡ ϭϴϨϼϫϩ, 2022. – 108 ϲ. 450 ςϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ // <https://azps.ru/handbook/intelligence/beglosty_myschleniya.ht ml>. 449 216 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϩϨϩϱϴϿϳ ϲϯ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ – ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϯϭ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϱϦϸϽ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ ϮϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϢϬϡϤϯϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϲϡϭϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϮϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϳ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡ, ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϣ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ, Ϣϼϲϳϱϯϳϼ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ φ.σ. σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϯϪ, ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ «ϳϡϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϯϥ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϯϢϼϪ ϣϩϥ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. ςϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϯϮϡ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ, ϩϥϦϪ, ϲϬϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϩ϶ ϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϳϩϰϯϣϼϦ, ϨϮϡϫϯϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϥϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ»451. σϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ), ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϴϿ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ (ϰϦϱϷϦϰϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ) ϩ ϵϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϴ (ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ452, ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϴϿ, ϩϮϼϦ ϣϩϥϼ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. σ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ – ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϴϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ. Ϙϳϯ ϫϡϲϡϦϳϲЀ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϴϢϼϲϳϱЀϦϳϲЀ, ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϴϭϦϮϩϦϭ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ, ϮϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡЀ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϮϦϹϮϩϭ ϲϬϩϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϲϳϯЀϺϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϡ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ453. Ϙϳϯ ϫϡϲϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯ, ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϯϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϩϨ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϮϡ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯϭ – ϰϱϩϮϡϥϬϦϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϫ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϩ (ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϩϬϩ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ, ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ) ϩϬϩ ϮϡϸϡϬϯϭ Ϯϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ Ϣϴϫϣϴ (ϵϯϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ). ϏϢϡ ϣϩϥϡ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϮϼϭϩ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϲϩ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. σ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ Ϯϡ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϼ ϱϦϤϴϬЀϳϯϱϮϯ-ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϵϴϮϫϷϩЀϭ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩЀ ϱЀϥϡ ϲϬϯϣ 451 σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϡ φ.σ. ψϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϦϤϯ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϋϦϭϦϱϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. – 2018. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 99–103. – ϒ. 100. 452 Alter A.L., Oppenheimer D.M. Uniting the Tribes of Fluency to Form a Metacognitive Nation [ϏϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ] // Personality and Social Psychology Review. – 2009. – Vol. 13. – ࠪ 3. – P. 219–235. 453 όϴϱϩЀ ρ.ϑ. ϠϨϼϫ ϩ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. φ.υ. ϖϯϭϲϫϯϪ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύϯϲϫϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ, 1979. – 320 ϲ. – ϒ. 238. § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ 217 ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϩ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϣ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ, ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ, ϳϯϱϭϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϲϬϯϣ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϴϢϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀϭϩ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϩ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϩ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϮϡ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ454. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ – ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϯϭ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ – ϳϡϬϡϮϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϦϪ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϦϤϯ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϢϦϤϬϯ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϬϦϤϫϯ (ϨϮϡϿϺϦ-ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ, ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯ, ϢϦϨ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϩϪ, ϩϨϬϩϹϮϩ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϩ ϲϥϦϱϧϦϫ, ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϯ) ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯ-ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ (Ϯϯ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ): – ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ ϣ ϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ, ϰϯϥϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϩ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ); – ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ-ϩϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϦ (ϲϸϩϳϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϢϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ) ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϱϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶, ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ (ϣϼϸϬϦϮЀϳϽ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶) «ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϦ» ϥϡϮϮϼϦ (ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶); ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ (ϮϡϲϼϺϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦϭ) ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ, ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϭϩ; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ (ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϳϽ, ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ), ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ), ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϼ, ϥϱϯϢϩϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ; – ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ; – ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϴϲϳϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϼϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϽϿ; – ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ), ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ Ͼϳϡϰϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ (ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡЀϲϽ ϲϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼϦ ϩ 454 ρϬϵϩϭϯϣϡ ύ.σ., όϦϢϦϥϦϣϡ ω.ϒ., ϓϯϭϼϹϦϣ ρ.ώ. ϩ ϥϱ. σϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶… // ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩ ϫϬϩϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϲϩ϶ϩϡϳϱϩЀ. – 2016. – ϓ. 26. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 5–11. – ϒ. 5. 218 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ), ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭϩ. ϋϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ ϰϴϳϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϳЀϧϦϬϯϣϦϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϡϫϱϴϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩ϶ ϸϩϳϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϴϧϦ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ). ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϨϡϭϦϳϩϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϳЀϧϦϬϯϣϦϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮϮϯ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϮϡ, ϰϱϩϳϯϭ ϸϳϯ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϮϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ, ϳϡϫϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϩϳ. σϦϥϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϮϦϲЂϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳϼ (ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀ), ϣ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ, ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϪ φ.σ. σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϯϪ: «σϼϲϯϫϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϦϲϽ ϡϱϲϦϮϡϬ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϼ϶ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϫϩϮϦϲϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϡ ϮϩϨϫϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ (ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϩϤϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴЀ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϦϰϦϱϳϴϡϱ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ, ϳϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϭ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭЀ ϣϱϦϭЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ»455. φϺЂ ϯϥϮϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϦ: ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϡ ϲ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦϭ ϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϩϭ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-5), ϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ – ϰϯϮϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϫϡϫ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϒ.ό. ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮϡ, «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϼϲϬϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ, ϭϼ ϬϩϹϽ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϮϡϭϦϸϡϦϭ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϩ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϢϦϤϬϼϭϩ, ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ Ϣϱϯϲϫϡϭϩ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯ Ϲϡ϶ϭϡϳϮϯϪ ϥϯϲϫϦ, ϰϦϱϦϥϣϩϤϡϦϭ ϮϡϹϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ. σ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϭϼ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϡϮϳϩϷϩϰϩϱϴϦϳ, ϰϱϦϥϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϡϦϳ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϴϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ. ώϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ, ϮϦ ϯϢϱϦϭϦϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϥϦϳϡϬЀϭϩ, ϭϯϧϮϯ 455 σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϡ φ.σ. ψϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϦϤϯ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϋϦϭϦϱϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. – 2018. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 99–103. – ϒ. 102. § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ 219 ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϦϤϬϼϭϩ ϮϡϭЂϳϫϡϭϩ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ: ϰϱϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ ϭϼ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϭ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫ»456. ϑϩϲ. 4-5. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ (Ϩϡϭϫϡ) ϸϦϱϦϨ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϦϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϮϡϬϩϣϮϯϪ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϰϩϳϡϮϮϼϭ ϣϯϥϯϪ ϰϦϲϫϯϭ. σ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ, Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϩϥϯϸϮϯϤϯ, ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϤϯ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯϭ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ «ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϦϪ» ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϲ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϰϡϱϼ «ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ / ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϯϲϳϽ» ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϩ) ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϳϯЀϺϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ (ϤϱϡϥϩϦϮϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ) – ϮϡϰϯϥϯϢϩϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϨϴϮϫϡ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ϶ Ϯϡ ϱϦϯϲϳϡϳϦ 456 ϑϴϢϩϮϹϳϦϪϮ ϒ.ό. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ. – ϒϐϢ.: ϐϩϳϦϱ, 2019. – 713 ϲ. – ϒ. 320. 220 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϰϱϩϢϯϱϦ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϲϩϬϼ ϳϯϫϡ ϩ ϮϡϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϰϩ) (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-6). ϑϩϲ. 4-6. ϐϯϬϨϴϮϯϫ (ϢϦϤϴϮϯϫ) ϱϦϯϲϳϡϳϡ (ϲϳϡϱϩϮϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ)457. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ (ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩЀϭ ϰϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ) ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϣ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡ϶, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϢϦϨ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ). σ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ-ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϬϴϧϩϳϽ ϲϩϤϮϡϬϯϭ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϲ ϳϱϴϥϯϭ ϲϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦ ϣϬϡϥϦϦϳ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ458. σϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϯϭϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϥϦϬϡ – ϰϲϦϣϥϯ-ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ ϬϩϷϯ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϦϳϡϬЀ϶ ϩ ϴϤϬϴϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ϯϩ϶, ϲϣϯϥЀ ϣϲЂ ϫ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ (Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ – ϩϬϬϿϨϯϱϮϼϭ, ϮϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϼϭ) ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩЀϭ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϦϤϯ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϬϩϷϴ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϵϩϷϩϳϡ. 457 ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ: <https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reostat#/media /Fayl:Reostat_-_control_electric_current.jpg>. 458 Alter A.L., Oppenheimer D.M. Uniting the Tribes of Fluency to Form a Metacognitive Nation [ϏϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ] // Personality and Social Psychology Review. – 2009. – Vol. 13. – ࠪ 3. – P. 219–235. § 4.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ 221 σ ϡϱϲϦϮϡϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϭϦϿϳϲЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥϮЀϳϽ («ϣϼϤϮϡϳϽ») ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϦϧϣϩϥϯϣϼ϶ (ϭϦϧϤϱϴϰϰϯϣϼ϶) ϩϬϩ ϭϦϧϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϪ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. φϲϬϩ, ϫϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ, ϣϲϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ – «Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϯ ϬϩϷϯ» (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-7), ϫϡϫϡЀ ϴϧ ϳϴϳ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ? ψϮϡϸϩϳ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ. ϑϩϲ. 4-7. ϐϯϱϯϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ) ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϴϿ ϩϥϦϿ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ (ϩϬϩ ϮϴϧϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϦϲϬϩ ϮϩϨϫϡ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ (ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ) ϲϱϦϥϼ. φϲϳϽ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϣ ϩ϶ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϢϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ, ϰϡϮϯϱϡϭϮϯϦ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ, ϣϼϢϯϱϯϸϮϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϦϮϩϦ-ϰϱϯϲϭϯϳϱ, ϸϳϦϮϩϦϲϫϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ459. 459 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ύϩϮϽϫϯ Ϟ.σ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ ϴϲϫϯϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϰϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ. – ϒϐϢ.: ϒϐϢτϔρϐ, 2001. – 98 ϲ. 222 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ «ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϡϬϽϷϦϣϼ϶ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϪ [ϭϴϨϼϫϡϮϳϡ] ϣ ϩ϶ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϼϭϩ, ϰϬϡϲϳϩϸϮϼϭϩ, ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϣϲϦϪ ϱϴϫϩ»460, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ «ϯϱϫϦϲϳϱϯϣϫϩ» ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϭ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ. ϋ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ τϡϮϲϡ ϒϦϬϽϦ, ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ ϬϡϳϯϳϱϯϰϩϨϭϡ: «“όϡϳϯϳϱϯϰϩϨϭ” (ϯϳ ϤϱϦϸ. – “lathos” – “ϯϹϩϢϫϡ” ϩ “trepein” – “ϯϢϱϡϺϡϳϽ”) – Ͼϳϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ, ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϺϩϪ ϯϲϯϢϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϮϫϳ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϦϬϿ ϮϦϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϫϴ (ϥϡϧϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ) ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϩ [ϫϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ] ϢϦϨϴϫϯϱϩϨϮϦϮϮϯ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ… ϋϴϥϡ Ϣϼ [ϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ] Ϯϩ ϲϴϮϴϬϲЀ, ϮϦϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϳϼϫϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϴ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϯϹϩϢϫϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϳϡϭ ϩϭϦϦϳϲЀ. ϏϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ “ϬϡϳϯϳϱϯϰϩϨϭϡ” – Ͼϳϯ, ϲϫϡϧϦϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ, ϢϦϤϬϯ ϰϱϯϬϩϲϳϼϣϡЀ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϲϳϱϡϮϩϸϮϴϿ ϱϴϫϯϰϩϲϽ, [ϲ ϬЂϳϴ] ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϳϦ ϣϲϦ ϳϱϩ [ϩϨ ϳϱЂ϶] ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϮϼϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϩϲϳϫϯϪ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ, ϬϩϢϯ, ϤϬЀϥЀ Ϯϡ ϲϳϯϪϫϴ ϩϨ ϲϯϳϦϮ ϫϬϦϳϯϫ ϲ ϫϱϼϲϡϭϩ, ϩϮϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϦϳϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϢϴϳϼϬϯϸϫϴ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϫϡϨϡϬϡϲϽ ϰϴϲϳϯϪ… “όϡϳϯϳϱϯϰϩϨϭ” – ϩϮϲϳϩϮϫϳ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϰϯ-ϣϩϥϩϭϯϭϴ, Ϯϡ ϰϯϥϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϤϯ [ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ] ϯϰϼϳϡ; ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϼ ϦϤϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϱϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ»461. 460 ςϯϬϥϼϱϦϣ ρ. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ // ϘϦϱϮϩ ϋ. ϙϫϯϬϡ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϳϦϰϩϡϮϯ. ϒϯϸ. 299: ϔϸ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱ. – ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ: όϡϮϽ; ϐϬϡϮϦϳϡ ϭϴϨϼϫϩ, 2022. – 108 ϲ. – ϒ. 3. 461 ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 210. § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ 223 § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ώϡϭ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϤϩϢϫϯϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϭϦϮЀϿϺϴϿϲЀ ϲϱϦϥϴ ϴϤϱϯϨ ϩ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϦϭϰϼ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ. υϯϫϬϡϥ ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩϩ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϐϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ462. ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. υϴϤϬϡϲ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ, ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϫϮϩϤϦ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϡ ϖϯϪϦϱϡ-ϭϬ. «ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ»463. υϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ ϮϦ ϤϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϨϡϲϳϼϣϹϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ, ϫϡϫ ϥϬЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϴϸϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϡϢϬϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϭ, ϩ ϣ ϫϡϥϱϯϣϯϭ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ. ϖϡϪϮϷ ϕϦϬϽϵϦ. ύϦϭϴϡϱϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϸϩϫϡ464. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «flexibilité analytique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical flexibility») ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϭ ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ «ϤϩϢϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «soft state»), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϢϼϣϡϿϳ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϣϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ ϸϦϤϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ Ϯϡ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ465. ω ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϢϦϨ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ, ϰϬϡϲϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ, ϰϴϲϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϩ ϷϦϮϯϪ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϩϨϥϦϱϧϦϫ. 462 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϐϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 5. 463 MacEachin D. Foreword // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. xi. 464 ϕϦϬϽϵϦ ϖ. ύϦϭϴϡϱϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϸϩϫϡ. – ύ.: ϐϯϬϩϳϩϨϥϡϳ, 1988. – 320 ϲ. – ϒ. 30. 465 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 210. 224 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ σ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ Ϣϼϲϳϱϼ϶ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ Ϥϯϳϯϣ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϲϣϯϩ (ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩϦϲЀ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ) ϰϱϩϣϼϸϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϼϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ, ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϋϡϱϬϡ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϡ, ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϴϲϣϡϩϣϡϦϳ ϵϡϫϳϼ, ϲϳϱϯϩϳ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϡ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϺϩϦ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϵϡϫϳϡϭ, ϲ ϳϱϴϥϯϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϮϦϯ϶ϯϳϮϯ ϭϦϮЀϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ466. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., «ϨϡϲϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϪ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «hardening of the categories») – ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϩϥ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϩ»467 ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϵϩϷϩϳϡ. ϐϯ ϞϲϳϡϮϩϲϬϡϯ ςϡ϶ϱϡ϶ϴ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϫ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϮϦϴϥϡϸ468. τϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϣ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϒϳϦϮϥϡϬϽ (ύϡϱϩ-ρϮϱϩ ςϦϪϬϽ) ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϴϭϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϽ ϫϱϡϲϯϳϴ». ϐϯ φ.σ. σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϯϪ, ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ «ϳϡϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϯϥ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϯϢϼϪ ϣϩϥ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ», «ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϦϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϲ ϬЂϤϫϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϩϣϹϩϦϲЀ ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϣϡϳϽ ϱϩϤϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ»469. ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϩϢϫϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϸϡЀ ϲϱϦϥϡ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϣ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϰϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ (ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ) ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ470. 466 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 226. 467 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 28. 468 ςϡ϶ϱϡ϶ Ϟ. τϩϢϫϩϪ ϴϭ: ϋϡϫ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϩϮϡϸϦ ϩ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. 469 σϡϬϩϴϬϬϩϮϡ φ.σ. ψϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϦϤϯ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϋϦϭϦϱϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. – 2018. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 99–103. – ϒ. 100. 470 Stromer-Galley J., Rossini P., Kenski K., McKernan B., Clegg B., Folkestad J. Flexible versus structured support for reasoning: enhancing analytical reasoning through a flexible analytic technique [τϩϢϫϡЀ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϡ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ: ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ 225 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϯ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽϿ (ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽϿ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩϭ. τϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ (ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ), ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϯϢϬЀϦϭϯϲϳϽ (ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ) ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀϭ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϮϦϳϩϰϩϸϮϼϭ, ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ – ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϯϭ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ – ϳϡϬϡϮϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϦϪ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϨϮϡϿϺϦ-ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ (Ϯϡ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ) ϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϼϦ ϲϱϯϫϩ: – ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ (ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϲ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϪ, ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϳϦϱϦϪ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ) ϲϣϯϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ) ϩ ϰϬϡϮϼ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ – ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϭ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϭ) ϷϦϬЀϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭ, ϱϦϲϴϱϲϮϯϭϴ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϭ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϫ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϴ; – ϯϳ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϩ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϯϣ (ϥϦϬϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϩϤϩϥϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ) ϲ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϬϩϮϦϦϫ ϣϡϱϩϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ «ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϮϫϯϪ» ϮϡϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ, ϷϦϬϦϣϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϮϦϥϱЂϮϮϼ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϩϨ (ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϼ϶) ϰϯϥ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ; – ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ (ϡϥϡϰϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϭϦϧϥϴ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ), ϭϦϧϥϴ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ Ͼϳϡϰϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ (ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡЀϲϽ ϲϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ), ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭϩ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϩϡϰϡϨϯϮϡϭϩ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϡϭϩ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϩϢϫϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ] // Intelligence and National Security. – 2021. – Vol. 36. – ࠪ 2. – P. 1–20. – P. 15. 226 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϰϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ (ϭϡϬϯϨϮϡϫϯϭϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϫϯϭϼϦ) ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ (ϡϥϡϰϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ) Ϯϡ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϳϩϰϩϸϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϲϦϢЀ ϴϸϡϲϳϫϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ; – ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϳϯϮϫϩϦ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϡϭϢϩϣϡϬϦϮϳϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ; – ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ (ϡϥϡϰϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀϭϩ Ϯϡ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ (ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϡϭϩ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϯϸϦϳϡϳϽ ϩ϶, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϩϲϳϦϭϺϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϲϳ (ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ), ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-«ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽ», ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϫϱϩϳϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϫϱϩϰϳϯϤϱϡϵ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϡϱ϶ϩϣϡϱϩϴϲ, IT-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϺϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-«ϳϱϡϢϬϹϴϳϦϱ» («ϱϦϹϡϳϦϬϽ ϮϦϱϦϹϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ»), ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϳϯϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϺϩϫ-ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫ, ϭϴϬϽϳϩϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳ ϩ ϥϱ.); – ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϨϡϩϭϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ, ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϡϢϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϵϦϱ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϬϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϯ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϮϦ ϯ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ϶. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϪϳϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ, ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭϡЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϮϦϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϡЀ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣϮϦϲϳϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϣ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ, ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ, ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ ϩ϶ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϮϫϩ. ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϮϦϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϋ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ (ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ) ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼϦ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «questionable research practices», QRP), ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ – ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽϿ (ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϦЂ ϩϲϫϡϧϦϮϩЀ) ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϥϱϴϤϩϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϼ ϥϡϬϦϦ): – ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ – ϫϡϫ Ϣϴϥϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϼ, ϲ ϰϯϥϣЂϱϲϳϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϥ Ͼϳϯ «ϨϡϥϮϩϭ ϸϩϲϬϯϭ» ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϲϳϡϮϴϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ, ϬϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϥϡϣϡЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ post hoc Ϩϡ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϩϮϡϸϦ – «϶ϡϱϫϩϮϤ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «HARKing» ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ «hypothesizing after the results are known»; Ͼϳϯϳ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ (ϩ ϣ ϡϢϢϱϦϣϩϡϳϴϱϦ) ϢϼϬ ϣϣϦϥЂϮ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ ώϯϱϢϦϱϳϯϭ ϋϦϱϱϯϭ, § 4.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ 227 ϣ ϦϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ: «ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ post hoc (ϳ.Ϧ. ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶ ϩϬϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯ Ϯϩ϶) ϣ ϯϳϸЂϳϦ ϯϢ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϫϡϫ ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϡ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϡЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ»471); – ϮϦϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯϦ ϩ ϮϦϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ «ϣϨϬϯϭϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «data dredging» «data snooping», «p-hacking»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϯϣϯϥЀ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϲϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϯϯϢϺϡЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯ ϳϦ϶ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶, ϸϳϯ ϥϡϿϳ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϳϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡЀ ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϨϡϮϩϧϡЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϯϧϮϯ-ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ472; – ϡϰϯϵϦϮϩ˃Ѐ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «apophenia», ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϯ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ (ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϡϸϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ϶ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϸϽϩϭϩ-ϳϯ ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ), ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϺϴϿ ϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϦ ϩ ϣϼϢϯϱϯϸϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ «ϰϱϩϤϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ» ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ, ϩ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ ϱϦϳϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ (ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϹϬϼ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϴϦϭϼ϶), ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϺϴϿ ϫ ϶ϡϱϫϩϮϤϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϫϡϨϡϬϩϲϽ Ϣϼ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ473. Ϟϳϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϦ ϶ϯϥϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϣ ϩ϶ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ. ϐϯ υϴϤϬϡϲϴ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮϴ, ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ «ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϩЀ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϮϩϦ»474. 471 Kerr N.L. HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known [HARKing: ϣϼϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ] // Personality and Social Psychology Review. – 1998. – Vol. 2. – ࠪ 3. – P. 196–217. Lishner D.A. HARKing: Conceptualizations, harms, and two fundamental remedies [ϖϡϱϫϩϮϤ: ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϣϱϦϥ ϩ ϥϣϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϡϮϡϷϦϩ] // Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology. – 2021. – Vol. 41. – ࠪ 4. – P. 248–263. 472 Smith G.D., Ebrahim S. Data dredging, bias, or confounding [σϨϬϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ] // British Medical Journa. – 2002. – Vol. 325. – P. 1437– 1438. 473 Baldwin J.R., Pingault J.-B., Schoeler T., Sallis H.M., Munafò M.R. Protecting against researcher bias in secondary data analysis: challenges and potential solutions [ψϡϺϩϳϡ ϯϳ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ] // European Journal of Epidemiology. – 2022. – Vol. 37. – P. 1–10. 474 MacEachin D. Foreword // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. xi. 228 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ώϡϹ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϦϮ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϮ, ϩ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϣ ϲϩϬϡ϶ ϰϯϲϳϩϸϽ… ϋϳϯ ϮϡϥϦϬЂϮ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϴϭϯϭ, ϳϯϳ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϦϳ ϰϯϢϯϸϮϼ϶ ϳϦϭ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϴϭϡϭ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϳϯ ϩ ϥϦϬϯ ϯϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϱϣϡϳϽ ϷϣϦϳϯϸϫϩ, ϰϯϰϡϥϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϩϭ ϰϯ ϰϴϳϩ. ϐϴϲϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϱϡϨϣϬϦϫϡϿϳ ϳϴ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϴ, ϸϳϯ ϸϩϳϡϦϳ ϢϦϨ ϷϦϬϩ, ϢϦϨ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϴϥϯϣϯϬϽϲϳϣϩЀ! … ϔϭ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϴϭϦϦϳ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϲϣЀϨϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ. ϔϭ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϪ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϦЂ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϰϦϱϣϡЀ ϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡЀ ϲϳϴϰϦϮϽ ϫ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϪ ϹϩϱϯϳϦ ϴϭϡ. όϿϫ ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ ϥϦ σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϼ475. ϘϦϭ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϦϦ ϫϡϫϡЀ-ϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϽ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϥϴϿϳ Ϯϡ ϦЂ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϳϣϯ. ρϱϳϴϱ ςϬϯ϶476. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϩϮϡϸϦ – ϰϱϯϨϯϱϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ, ϨϯϱϫϯϲϳϽ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical insight», ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ «analytical discernment», ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ – «reasonably perceptive person») ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϭ ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϯϮϫϩϦ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩϦ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ ϐϬϾϳϳϡ – ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϲϳϱϼϭ ϣϨϯϱϯϭ «ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϳϴϭϡϮ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ»477, ϯϲϳϱϯ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϴЀ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡЀ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶, ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ (ϮϦЀϣϮϼϦ, ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ ϲϯϫϱϼϳϼϦ, ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ) ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϳϽ ϣ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϬϯϣϴϹϫϩ ϩ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϩ϶. ύϯϧϮϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϱϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϴϧϦ ϥϡЂϳ ϯϳϣϦϳ, ϲϯϫϱϼϳϼϪ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϯϣϦ – «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ», ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϽ» ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϨϡϣϦϲϼ ϮϦЀϣϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϮϦϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ 475 σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤ, ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ, ϥϦ ό. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ. ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϼ / ϐϦϱ. ϟ.ς. ϋϯϱϮϦϦϣϡ ϩ Ϟ.ό. όϩϮϦϷϫϯϪ; ϯϳϣ. ϱϦϥ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ., ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭ. ώ.ρ. χϩϱϭϴϮϲϫϯϪ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1988. – 440 ϲ. – ϒ. 151, 184. 476 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϣ ύϦϱϵϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 4-e ϩϨϥ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: ϐϯϰϴϱϱϩ, 2008. – 608 ϲ. – ϒ. 125. 477 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 74. § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ 229 ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϦ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ Ϯϩ϶. Ϟϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ Ϯϡϥ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ478, ϦϤϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ Ϯϡϣϼϫ ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ, ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ύϯϧϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ – ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϸϩϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ), ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϬϼϹϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ (ϣϨϯϱϡ, ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ), ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ (ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ) ϰϩϲϽϭϦ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ. τϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϴϭϡ, ϦϺЂ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ – ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϯ «ϧϩϣϯϲϳϩ» ϴϭϡ. ϓϡϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϱϯϧϥЂϮϮϡЀ. ώϯ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϦ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ479 ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϡЀ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ. ωϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϲ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ. ϒ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϤϯ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬЀ, Ͼϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ ϮϦϫϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϭϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϭϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϴϥϡϸϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϳЀϧϡϳϽ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϥϡϸϮϼϦ ϹϡϮϲϼ (ϫϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, «Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϤϯϬϯϣ ϣϼϹϦ», ϸϦϭ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ). σ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϯ «ϢϬϩϨϯϱϴϫϯϲϳϩ» (ϫϡϫ ϮϦϰϱϯϨϯϱϬϩϣϯϲϳϩ). ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϫ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϿ ϮϱϡϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϪ. σ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϡ϶ Ͼϳϯ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϯ ЀϣϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ, ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϫϴϥϮϯ. ϓϡϫ, ϰϯ ρ.σ. ςϴϱϽЀϫϴ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϯ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ480. Ϟϳϯ ϣϦϱϮϯ, Ϯϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ. 478 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 113. ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 281, 282. ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – ϒ. 76 ϾϬ. ϣϦϱϲϩϩ. 479 ϖϩϳϸ Ϙ.υϧ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϣϯϨϥϴϹϮϼ϶ ϲϩϬϡ϶ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. Ϟ. ϋϣϦϪϥϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 39–54. – ϒ. 52. 480 ςϴϱϽЀϫ ρ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. – ύ., 2022. – ϒ. 346 ϾϬ. ϣϦϱϲϩϩ. 230 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϴϳϡϿϳ ϲ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ. ώϯ ϰϯ όϿϫϴ ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ ϥϦ σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤϴ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϶ϯϳϽ ϲ ϣϩϥϴ ϩ ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ, Ϯϯ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ481. ϓϡϫ ϸϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϳϫϱϼϳ. ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϭϴ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϴ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬЀ ϴϥϦϬЀϬ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϦϺЂ ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ, ϰϩϲϡϣϹϩϪ: «ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϧϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϲϱϦϥϮϩϪ (ϳϦϱϭϩϮ)», ϣϼЀϣϬЀЀ ϲϡϭϴϿ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ482. Ϗ ϣϼϲϯϸϡϪϹϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬϯϲϽ ϣ ϳϱϡϫϳϡϳϦ ϒϴϮϽ-ϷϨϼ «ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ»483 ϩ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ώϩϫϫϯϬϯ ύϡϫϩϡϣϦϬϬϩ «Ϗ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ»484. σ 1754 Ϥϯϥϴ τϯϱϡϷϩϦϭ ϔϯϬϰϯϬϯϭ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦ ϫ τϯϱϡϷϩϿ ύϡϮϮϴ ϢϼϬϯ ϰϱϩϥϴϭϡϮϯ (ϩ ϰϯϨϧϦ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϯ ϣ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ) ϲϬϯϣϯ «ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϽ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «serendipity») ϥϬЀ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϽϨϼ ϩϨ ϳϯϤϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϤϯ, Ϯϡ ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯ ϮϡϳϫϮϴϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ485. τϯϱϡϷϩϪ ϔϯϬϰϯϬ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϬ ϲϴϳϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϫϡϨϡ ϩϭ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ «ϓϱϩ ϰϱϩϮϷϡ ϩϨ ϒϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϡ» (ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϣ σϦϮϦϷϩϩ ϣ 1557 Ϥϯϥϴ): «ϋϯϤϥϡ ϩ϶ ϣϼϲϯϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϴϳϦϹϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϬϩ, ϯϮϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϥϦϬϡϬϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ, ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϮϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦ ϩϲϫϡϬϩ: ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϬ, ϸϳϯ ϭϴϬ, ϲϬϦϰϯϪ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϣϼϪ ϤϬϡϨ, ϮϦϥϡϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϦ϶ϡϬ ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϥϯϱϯϤϦ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϳϱϡϣϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϲϻϦϥϦϮϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲ ϬϦϣϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϤϥϦ ϯϮϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϮϦ ϶ϴϧϦ, ϸϦϭ ϲϰϱϡϣϡ»486. 481 σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤ, ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ, ϥϦ ό. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ. ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϼ / ϐϦϱ. ϟ.ς. ϋϯϱϮϦϦϣϡ ϩ Ϟ.ό. όϩϮϦϷϫϯϪ; ϯϳϣ. ϱϦϥ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ., ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭ. ώ.ρ. χϩϱϭϴϮϲϫϯϪ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1988. – 440 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 482 ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϦϱϣϡЀ ϩ ϣϳϯϱϡЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϤϱϦϸ. – ύ.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1952. – 437 ϲ. – ϒ. 248. 483 ϒϴϮϽ-ϷϨϼ, τϡϬϩϡϱϥϩ τ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. – ϒϐϢ.: ώϦϣϡ, 2003. – 160 ϲ. – ϒ. 53. 484 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ: ρϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϰϯϥϤϯϳ. ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ., ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϑ. ϒϣϦϳϬϯϣϡ. – ϒϐϢ.: ρϭϵϯϱϡ, 2009. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 440. 485 Ross W., Copeland S. On Creativity and Serendipity [Ϗ ϫϱϦϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϩ] // The Art of Serendipity [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϩ] / Editors: Wendy Ross and Samantha Copeland. – Cham (Switzerland): Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. – xxi; 327 p. – P. 1–21. – P. 2–3. 486 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Ross W., Copeland S. On Creativity and Serendipity [Ϗ ϫϱϦϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϩ] // The Art of Serendipity [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϩ] / Editors: Wendy Ross and Samantha Copeland. – Cham (Switzerland): Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. – xxi; 327 p. – P. 1–21. – P. 2. § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ 231 ϐϯ ϋϱϩϲϳϩϡϮϴ ςϴϹϴ, ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϦϨϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϮϦϨϡϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϯϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϥϴϳ Ϯϡϲ ϫ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϴ, ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϦϫϩϦ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ; Ϯϯ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϽ – ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϦ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϦϮϩϦ (ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϦϰϴϿ ϴϥϡϸϴ, – ϮϦ ϳϯϸϮϼ), ϡ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϸϦϫ, ϲ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϯϲϳϯϣ ϳϡϭ, ϤϥϦ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϣϩϥЀϳ ϰϱϯϰϡϲϳϽ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ, ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϩ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϴϥϡϸϮϼ϶ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϩ ϣ ϧϩϨϮϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ487. ώϯ ϭϼ ϣϯϨϥϦϱϧϩϭϲЀ ϯϳ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϸϴϧϥϯϤϯ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ ϴ϶ϴ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϯϲϳϡϣϹϩϲϽ ϣ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϬϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϨϯϱϬϩϣϯϲϳϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϯϱϫϯϲϳϩ). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓϯϬϫϯϣϯϭϴ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϿ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϒ.ω. ϏϧϦϤϯϣϡ ϩ ώ.ϟ. ϙϣϦϥϯϣϯϪ, «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ – ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ, ϭϮϯϤϯϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϿϺϩϪ, ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓϯϬϫϯϣϯϭϴ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϿ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥЀϺϩϪ, ϴϤϡϥϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ»488. ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ υ.ώ. ϔϹϡϫϯϣϡ, «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ»; «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ – ϯϲϳϱϯ ϰϯϥϭϦϸϡϿϺϩϪ, ϭϮϯϤϯϦ ϴϤϡϥϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ, ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ; ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϼϪ, ϣϦϱϮϯ ϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϱϡϨϤϡϥϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ»489. ϐϯ όϿϫϴ ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ ϥϦ σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤϴ, «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϩϤϡϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϴϤϡϥϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϷϦϰϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϼ϶ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϪ»490. ϐϯ υϧϯϱϥϧϴ ϐϯϪϦ, ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϢϬϦϲϳЀϺϦϪ ϩϥϦϩ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩ ϯϢϬϡϥϡЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼϭ ϴϰϯϱϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϴϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ, ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϭϼ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ491. 487 ςϴϹ ϋ. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϡЀ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϲϳϽ: ϋϡϫ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϴϥϡϸϦϪ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϲϦϱϦϮϥϩϰϮϯϲϳϽ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – ϒ. 7, 18, 366 ϾϬ. ϣϦϱϲϩϩ. 488 ϏϧϦϤϯϣ ϒ.ω., ϙϣϦϥϯϣϡ ώ.ϟ. ϓϯϬϫϯϣϼϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: 80 000 ϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϵϱϡϨϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ / ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩϭ. σ.σ. σϩϮϯϤϱϡϥϯϣϡ ϑρώ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: «ρ ϓϦϭϰ», 2006. – 944 ϲ. – ϒ. 616. 489 ϔϹϡϫϯϣ υ.ώ. ϓϯϬϫϯϣϼϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: ρϥϦϬϡϮϳ, 2013. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 548. 490 σϯϣϦϮϡϱϤ, ϥϦ ϋϬϡϰϽϦ, ϥϦ ό. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ. ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϼ / ϐϦϱ. ϟ.ς. ϋϯϱϮϦϦϣϡ ϩ Ϟ.ό. όϩϮϦϷϫϯϪ; ϯϳϣ. ϱϦϥ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ., ϲϳϡϳϽЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭ. ώ.ρ. χϩϱϭϴϮϲϫϯϪ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1988. – 440 ϲ. – ϒ. 12. 491 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ϋϡϫ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ύ. τϡϪϥϴϫϡ. – ύ.: ϔϸϰϦϥϤϩϨ, 1959. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 52, 24. 232 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϯ σ.τ. ψϡϨϼϫϩϮϴ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – «ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϡϣϩϲЀϺϦϦ ϯϳ ϴϭϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϽ, ϭϮϯϤϯϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϽ, ϴϤϡϥϼϣϡϳϽ, ϡ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ – ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ… Ϟϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϥϯϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϥϫϩ϶ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϮϯ-ϥϦϬϯϣϼ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ϶ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϭϦϮϩЀ϶… ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ = ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ + ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ»492. ϐϯ ρ.σ. ϓϴϳϯϬϭϩϮϴ, «ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϲϯϢϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϭϤϮϯϣϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϢϦϨϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯϭ ϴϭϡ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϴϿ (ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϦϱϮϴϿ) ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϫϴ ϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ… ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϱϯϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϴЀϲϮЀϳϽ [ϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶] ϲϴϳϽ ϣϦϺϦϪ»493. ϐϯ ϑϯϥϧϦϱϴ ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮϴ, ϯϢϺϡЀ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ», ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ, ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ (ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ) ϭϩϮϩϡϳϿϱϮϼϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ. ϐϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ «ϤϯϬϯϣϯϬϯϭϫϩ» ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϯϳϱϼϣϯϸϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϭϯϨϡϩϸϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϮϡЀ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϰϴϳЂϭ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ» ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϡ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϦϤϫϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϦ». ϐϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϰϱϯЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϯϣ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ», ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ Ϯϡ ϮϦϪ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϲЀ ϱЀϥ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϯϣ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϴϣϩϥЀϳ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ. υϦϬϯ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϩ ϣϲϦϭ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϡЀ ϨϡϫϯϮϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϨϡϫϯϮϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϾϳϯϪ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ» ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϰϯϫϡϧϴϳ, ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϮϦ ϶ϣϡϳϡϦϳ ϩ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϩ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫϩ. ϒϴϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϡ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϷϦϬϽϮϯϪ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ». ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϥϱϡϣϼϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϭ. σϦϲϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϮϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϦϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϱϦϲϳϡϣϱϡϳϯϱϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϦϳ ϱϡϨϢϩϳϴϿ ϣϡϨϴ, ϤϬЀϥЀ Ϯϡ ϸϦϱϦϰϫϩ ϩ ϰϼϳϡЀϲϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϩϳϽ ϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ494. ϐϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯ – ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϴ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ» ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϦЂ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϼ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϦЂ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϼ (ϭϡϬϦϮϽϫϩϦ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ»), ϬϩϢϯ ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϪ ϦϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ, ϣϲЂ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϱϡϲϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϪ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϪ «Ϩϡϭϫϯ˃ϣϼϭ ϫϡϭϮϦϭ», ϲϫϱϦϰϬЀϿϺϩϭ ϣϲϿ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϿ, ϬϩϢϯ ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϳϽ 492 ψϡϨϼϫϩϮ σ.τ. ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. – ύ: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϑρτϒ, 2002. – 130 ϲ. ϓϴϳϯϬϭϩϮ ρ.σ. ϐϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϳϱϴϥϦ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀ. – τϬϡϨϯϣ, 2001. – 56 ϲ. – ϒ. 5, 3. 494 ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮ ϑ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ.ϐ. ϒϯϮϩϮϡ ϩ Ϗ.φ. ψϩϬϽϢϦϱϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1957. – 191 ϲ. – ϒ. 99–100. 493 § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ 233 ϲϫϱϼϳϴϿ «ϸϦϱϣϯϳϯϸϩϮϴ» (ϳϦϫϴϺϴϿ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ) – ϣ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ϶ ϶ϩϳϱϯϲϰϬϦϳϦϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϮϡϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ϶, ϣ ϰϯϬЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ϐϯ ϔϩϬϽЀϭϴ ϋϱϴϲϫϡϬϴ, ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ Ϩϥϱϡϣϼϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϭ ϩ ϴϭϦϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ϸϩϵϱϡ϶, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϸϳϩ Ϩϡ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϢϯϱϮϩϫ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϣϩϥ, ϣϼϢϩϣϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϩϨ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϱЀϥϡ ϸϩϲϬϡ495. υϬЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϳ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϭϦϳϡϵϯϱϴ ϲ ϧϩϣϯϰϩϲϽϿ. σϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ϶ ϣϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ, ϫϡϫ ϣϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϦ ϩϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϯϮϩϲϳϯϣ. φϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϣϼ ϲϳϯЀϬϩ ϰϱЀϭϯ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϯϪ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϡϱϳϩϮϯϪ «ϞϳϱϦϳϡ, ϴϳЂϲ ϩ ϰϯϱϳ ϥ’ρϣϡϬϽ» ϋϬϯϥϡ ύϯϮϦ) ϣϲϦϤϯ ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϲϡϮϳϩϭϦϳϱϡ϶ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϡϱϦ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϯϣ ϲϡϮϳϩϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϯϳ ϣϡϲ, ϣϼ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϲϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϼϲЀϸϩ ϩ ϳϼϲЀϸϩ ϳϯϸϦϫ, ϰЀϳϦϮ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϮ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϭϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϼ. σϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯϢ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϳϯϸϫϡ϶ ϫϡϫ ϯ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϩ϶ ϣϯϫϱϴϤ ϣϡϲ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ, Ϯϯ ϰϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϡϹϩ «ϳϯϸϫϩ-ϥϡϮϮϼϦ» ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ, ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϣϩϥϩϳϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϳϲϳϴϰϡϦϳϦ Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ. Ϗϳϲϳϴϰϩϣ ϮϡϨϡϥ, ϣϼ, ϣϥϱϴϤ, ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϵϩϤϴϱϼ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϱϡϨϤϬЀϥϦϳϽ, ϲϳϯЀ ϢϬϩϧϦ ϫ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϦ. ϓϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϼ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϴϦϳϦϲϽ, ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϣ ϣϡϹϩ϶ ϤϬϡϨϡ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬ, ϩ, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϨϤϬЀϮϴϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϡϹϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϳϼ ϰϳϩϸϽϦϤϯ ϰϯϬЂϳϡ. ϒϥϦϬϡϣ ϹϡϤ ϮϡϨϡϥ, ϣϼ ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫ, ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬ, ϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ Ϩϡ ϹϦϥϦϣϱϯϭ496. ϐϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ, ϸϳϯϢϼ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϡϵϯϱϦ, ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϣϲϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ, ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϯϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, Ϯϯ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϡ ϳϯ ϩ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ – ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϲ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭϩ) ϴϲϩϬϩϪ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϦ, ϢϯϬϽϹϯϭ 495 Kruskal W. Statistics in Society: Problems Unsolved and Unformulated [ϒϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ: ώϦϱϦϹЂϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ] // Journal of the American Statistical Association. – 1981. – Vol. 76. – ࠪ 375. – P. 505–515. – P. 508. 496 The Difference Between Data, Analytics, and Insights [ϑϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϡϪϳϡϭϩ] // <https://uplandsoftware.com/localytics/resources/blog/differe nce-between-data-analytics-insights/>. 234 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϰϼϳϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϲϱϡϨϴ, ϭϩϮϴЀ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ Ͼϳϡϰϼ ϩ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϼ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ (ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ) ϣϩϥϦϳϽ (ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϽϿ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ, ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ, Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ» ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ (ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϮϦϤϯ), ϬϩϢϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ ϩϨϼϲϫϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϴϿ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϷϦϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ (ϩϬϩ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϿϺϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϮϦϤϯ), ϩϬϩ ϩϨϼϲϫϩϣϡϳϽ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϴϳϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϷϦϮϮϦϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϣϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϲϦ ϯϮϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ. «φϲϬϩ ϰϼϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϩϳϽ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, – ϬϿϢϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ Ϯϡ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϷϦϮϫϡϭ, ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϴϿ ϸϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϴϿ ϰϡϭЀϳϽ, ϳϦϱϰϦϮϩϦ, ϥϯϢϱϯϦ ϨϥϯϱϯϣϽϦ, ϺϦϥϱϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϸϦϦ, – ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ Ͼϳϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ϔ. ϋϦϮϮϯϮ497. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϩ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϴϸϩϳϽ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϦϮϦ υϦϫϡϱϳϴ, ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϴϭ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϰϱϡϧϮЀϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϴϧϦ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ, ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ ϣϲϦ, ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ, ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϿϳ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ498. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ Ͼϳϩϭ ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϩϥϦЀ Ͼϳϡ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϣϡϧϮϡ. 497 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 33. 498 υϦϫϡϱϳ ϑ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. ϩ Ϭϡϳ.; ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϒϳϡϳϽЀ σ.σ. ϒϯϫϯϬϯϣϡ / ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ. – τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1950. – 712 ϲ. – ϒ. 114. § 4.6. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ 235 ϋ 2018 Ϥϯϥϴ ϦϧϦϥϮϦϣϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϣ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ 2,5 ϫϣϩϮϳϩϬϬϩϯϮϡ ϢϡϪϳ (ϭϩϬϬϩϡϱϥϡ ϤϩϤϡϢϡϪϳ)499. ω ϰϯ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡϭ ϫ 2025 Ϥϯϥϴ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ 150 ϨϦϳϳϡϢϡϪϳ (150 ϳϱϩϬϬϩϯϮϯϣ ϤϩϤϡϢϡϪϳ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶500. σ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϢϦϨ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ «ϰϱϯϥϱϡϳϽϲЀ» ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϫϯϬϯϲϲϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϧϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϡϲϲϼ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ – ϴϧϦ Ϯϡ ϤϱϡϮϩ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ. ϕϱϩϥϱϩ϶ ρϣϤϴϲϳ ϵϯϮ ϖϡϪϦϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ: ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϦ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϷϩϣϩϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϴϭϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϼ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ501. ω ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϬϯϧϦϮϡ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ. ϑϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. 499 Marr B. How Much Data Do We Create Every Day? The Mind-Blowing Stats Everyone Should Read [ϒϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϼ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϭ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ? ϔϭϯϰϯϭϱϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϨϮϡϫϯϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ] // <https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/05/21/how-much-data-do-we-createevery-day-the-mind-blowing-stats-everyone-should-read/?sh=493299c960ba>.– 21.05.2018. 500 Amor Perez E.M. How to manage complexity and realize the value of big data [ϋϡϫ ϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // <https://www.ibm.com/blog/how-to-manage-complexity-and-realize-the-value-of-bigdata/>. – 28.05.2020. 501 ϖϡϪϦϫ, ϵϯϮ ϕ.ρ. ϋϯϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩЀ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ώϯϣϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, 2018. – 528 ϲ. – ϒ. 51. 236 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Ϙϳϯ ϬϿϥϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϳЀϳ ϴϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ – ϳϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϳϩϮϴ, Ͼϳϴ Ϩϡ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϺϴϿ ϣϦϺϽ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϴϿ ϰϱϡϣϥϴ. ςϯϱϮ ϋϯϫϱϡϮ, ϩϨ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϔϩϮϲϳϯϮϴ ϘϦϱϸϩϬϬϿ ϣ 1895 Ϥϯϥϴ502. ϔϰϱϯϺϡϪϳϦ, ϴϢϩϱϡϪϳϦ ϬϩϹϮϦϦ ϩ ϢϯϱϩϳϦϲϽ Ϩϡ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϢϯ ϱϡϨϢϴ϶ϹϩϦ ϭϯϮϲϳϱϼ ϰϯϥϧϩϥϡϿϳ ϣ ϨϡϲϡϥϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϸϩϮϩϳϽ ЀϲϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ. ϔϩϬϽЀϭ ψϩϮϲϦϱ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ503. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ωϭϰϦϱϡϳϩϣ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ ϲϬϯϤϡ, ϲϳϩϬЀ, ϵϯϱϭ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϣϡϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ, ϸЂϳϫϩϦ ϩ ЀϲϮϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϬϦϤϸϦ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ЀϲϮϦϦ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϦϦ. ύϼ ϧϩϣЂϭ ϣ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϴ϶ϯϥϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϦ ϭϩϱϡ ϥϦϵϩϷϩϳϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϤϯ Ϧϭϴ Ϯϡ ϲϭϦϮϴ ϭϩϱϡ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ (ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ) ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩЀ, ϥϡϧϦ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, Ϯϯ ϯϢϱϦϭϦϮЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϯϪ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϰϯ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϭϴ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϬϡϮϴ ϒϩϤϦϬϴ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ, ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϫ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϮϦϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ – ϤϬϡϣϮϼϦ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩ «ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϦϲϲϡ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϫϡϫ ϥϬЀ ϲϳϡϢϩϬϽϮϼ϶, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϳϴϱϢϴϬϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ… ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϡ»504. 502 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Gates R.M. Guarding Against Politicization [ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // United States Strategy and military operations to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and United States Policy toward Iraq and Syria, hearings before the Committee on armed services United States Senate one hundred fourteenth Congress, First session, May 21; July 7; September 16; December 9, 2015. – Washington (D.C., USA), 2016. 503 ψϩϮϲϦϱ ϔ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ: ϋϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϦ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 38, 31. 504 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 109–110, xii, xviii. § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 2. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ 237 ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϋϯϤϥϡ ϨϡϱϯϧϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫϡЀ-ϬϩϢϯ ϩϥϦЀ, ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϣϲЂ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϡ ϩϥϦЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ. ϋ ϬϴϸϹϦϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϫ ϶ϴϥϹϦϭϴ, Ϯϯ Ϯϡϭ, ϬϿϥЀϭ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϣϲЂ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЀϳϽ. ύϼ ϥϦϬϩϭϲЀ ϩϥϦϦϪ ϲ ϫϦϭ-ϬϩϢϯ, ϩ ϯϮ ϥϡЂϳ Ϯϡϭ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϴϿ ϲϣЀϨϽ. ϏϢϼϸϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϡЀ ϲϣЀϨϽ Ϩϣϴϸϩϳ ϳϡϫ: «Ϟϳϯ ϮϦϰϬϯ϶ϯ, Ϯϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϬϴϸϹϦ, ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ...». ψϡϰϴϲϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϷϩϫϬ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϩ: ϭϼ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϦϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϥϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϥϦϩ. ωϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ Ͼϳϡ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϮϮϯϪ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϣϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϳϯϸϫϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϡϸϮЂϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϡϿϺϦ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϼϣϡϿϺϦ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЀϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϦЂ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ505. ϏϢϺϦϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ: ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϼϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϳϱϡϸϦϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ (ϩ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ) ϣϱϦϭЀ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬЀ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϼϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϳϱϡϸϦϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϦϤϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ. σ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ: 1) ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ (ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ – ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ); 2) ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽ (ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ) ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ; 3) ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ («ϢϴϫϭϦϫϦϱϯϣ») ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ-ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ («ϰϯϾϳϯϣ»)506. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ: ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϰϯϱϡ϶ ϰϱϩ ϬϿϢϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ϶ ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ, ϡ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩϭϰϦϱϡϳϩϣ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϱϡϨϢϯϱϸϩϣϯϲϳϽ, ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϽ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «cognitive fluency» – ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϡϭ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϸЂϭϬϩϢϯ), ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ – ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϿ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ, ϴϥϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϾϱϤϯϮϯϭϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ). υϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩ ϲϬϯϤϡ, ϬϡϫϯϮϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϢϡϬϡϮϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ (ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϩϨϬϩϹϦϲϳϣ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϨϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϴ), ϸЂϳϫϯϪ 505 The Simplicity on the Far Side of Complexity [ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϰϯ ϳϴ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://www.planplusonline.com/simplicity-side-complexity/>. – 506 Davis J. Sherman Kent and the Profession of Intelligence Analysis [ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ ϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ] // Occasional Papers. – 2002. – Vol. 1. – ࠪ 5. 238 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϬϩϨϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ (ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. σ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϢϯЀϨϮϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϢϯЀϨϮϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ ϬϦϧϩϳ ϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϲϳϱϡ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϯϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ: ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϡϣϳϯϱϼ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϰϡϲϡϿϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϭϴϳ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϸϳϴϳ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ – ϮϦϥϡϬЂϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϮϦϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϷϦϬϽ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ – ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϮϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϿ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϴ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ (ϥϬЀ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ), ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϮϦϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϼϭϩ ϲ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ507, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϳϡϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ (ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϩϨ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 4-8). ϑϩϲ. 4-8. ϒϳϱϯϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϨ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ). ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϩϥϦЀ ϰϯϸϦϱϰϮϴϳϡ ϩϨ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϋϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ ϗϩϷϦϱϯϮ, «ϲϡϭϼϦ ЀϲϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϨϡϳϦϭϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ»508. ω ϰϱϯϥϩϱϡЀϲϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϯ Ϩϡ϶ϬϡϭϬЂϮϮϼϪ, ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϼϪ ϮϦϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϬϯϸϡϭϩ ϩ ϴ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϽ (ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ), ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϴϬϯϣϩϳϽ, ϰϯϮЀϳϽ 507 ςϦϨϱϴϸϫϯ ϐ. ςϦϨ ϣϯϥϼ: ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϸЂϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϬϩϷ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2016. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 144, 74, 89. 508 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϓϯϬϲϳϯϪ ό.ώ. ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: ϓ. 41: ϋϱϴϤ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ: ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ όϽϣϯϭ ϓϯϬϲϳϼϭ, ϭϼϲϬϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϩϮϦ, ϧϩϨϮϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ 1904–1908 / ϓ. 1. – ύ.: ϖϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϡ, 1957. – 610 ϲ. – ϒ. 511. § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 239 ϲϭϼϲϬϼ, ϩ ϸϳϯ ϶ϴϧϦ – ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϡϸϦ, ϸϦϭ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϬ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ ϩ ϶ϯϳϦϬ Ϣϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϬϩ, ϡϥϱϦϲϡϮϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ, ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϲϫϬϩϫϮϴϳϽ: «ϔϧ ϬϴϸϹϦ Ϣϼ Ѐ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϳϡϬ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ!» ωϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϡЀ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϮϡϱϯϸϩϳϡЀ, ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ «ϰϱϩϲϡϧϦϮϮϡЀ») ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϰϴϲϳϴϿ ϯϳϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϴ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϣϱϦϭЀ, ϩϲϰϼϳϼϣϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϳϦϱϰϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϣϼϨϼϣϡЀ ϱϡϨϥϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ, ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϴϦϳ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϡϦϳ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϮϦЀϣϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ – ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϲϢϯϿ ϣ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϩ. ωϨϬϩϹϮЀЀ ϨϡϳЀϮϴϳϯϲϳϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ, ϰϬϯ϶ϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϦϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϽ (ϮϦϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϽ) ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϣϼϹϡϿϳ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϢϯϦϣ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϩ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϣϡϧϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϯϸϩϺϦϮϩϦ (ϥϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϩ ϰϱϯЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϦϺЂ υϾϣϩϥ ϟϭ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴЀ ϮϡϹϩ ϩϥϦϩ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ ϯϮϩ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϩ, ϭϼ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϼ ϫ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ϩϥϦЀϭ509. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϡϣϲϳϱϡϬϩϪϲϫϯϭϴ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϴ ϯϳ 2016 Ϥϯϥϡ: «ϑϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ» (Ͼϳϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϰϯϬϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ), ϥϬϩϮϡ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ, Ϯϯ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϮϦϱϡϨϱϼϣϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ: ϨϡϳЀϮϴϳϯϲϳϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϭϯϪ ϩϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ, Ϯϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϐϬϯ϶ϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ЀϣϮϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. φϲϬϩ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ ϮϦ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϼ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭϮϦϮϼ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ, ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϮϼϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ, ϳϯ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ. ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ ϹϡϤϯϭ ϣ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϦϮϩϩ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ϓϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϭ ϫ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ. ςϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ ϩ, ϣϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϋϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϥϬЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϲ϶Ϧϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼϭ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϲϴϤϴϢϬЀϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲ϶Ϧϭ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ, ϸϦϭ Ͼϳϯ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ. ςϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ 509 ϟϭ υ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ 2 ϳ. ϓ. 2: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϒ.ω. ϗϦϱϦϳϦϬϩ ϩ ϥϱ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϩϲϰϱ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1996. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 16. 240 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϩ϶, Ϯϯ Ϧϥϣϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϭϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϳϽ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϦϪ. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϨϣϡϮϡ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳЀ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ. ώϦϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϲϴϤϴϢϬЀϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ. σ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϯϥ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϲϰϬϼϣϸϡϳϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽ, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϼ ϣ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦ. ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϩϭϩ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϤϱϡϮϩϷϡ϶ ϩ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϮϦϴϥϡϸϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϢϩϣϸϩϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϮϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϡ «ϾϬϦϤϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ» ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ. ϒϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϩϨϬϩϹϮϦ ϥϬϩϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ, ϸϦϭ Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ. ρϣϳϯϱ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϬ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϷϦϬϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϿ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϩ (ϰϴϮϫϳϼ 8, 36, 41, 44, 49, 52, 58, 59, 63)510. ώϯ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϨϥϦϲϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩЀ, Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϪ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϭ. ϋϡϫ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϬ υϧϯϮ ϒϫϡϬϬϩ, ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ» ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ «ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ», ϡ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ «ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ»511. ρϬϡϮ ϒϩϤϦϬ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ϳϯϧϦ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϳ «ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯϦ ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩϿ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϩ ϢϴϫϣϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϳϦϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϥϯϢϲϳϣϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϸϦϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ»512. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϴϿ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϴϿ ϩϨ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϼϬϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϢϡϨϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϩϥϦЀ϶ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϸϬϦϮϩϳϽ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ, ϥϡϧϦ ϣϯϰϬϯϺϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϭϩ, ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ. 510 Reducing complexity in legislation, June 2016 / Australian Government, Office of Parliamentary Counsel [ϑϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ] // <https://www.opc.gov.au/sites/default/files/reducingcomplexity_0.pdf>. – P. 2, 6–11. 511 Kahney L. John Sculley on Steve Jobs: The Full Interview [υϧϯϮ ϒϫϡϬϬϩ ϯ ϒϳϩϣϦ υϧϯϢϲϦ, ϰϯϬϮϡЀ ϲϳϦϮϯϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ] // Cult of Mac. – 14.10.2010. <https://brooksreview.net/2010/10/john-sculley/>. 512 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 10–11. § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 241 ϋ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϤϯϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϳϮϦϲϳϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): – ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩϦ Ϧϭϴ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϯϰϴϲϫϡϮϩϦ ϩϨϬϩϹϮϦϪ ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϡϭϩ, ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡϭϩ; – ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϩ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϲϧϡϳϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϩ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ; – ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϡЀ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϯϣ (ϫϯϤϥϡ ϢϦϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ ϮϦ ϴϥϡЂϳϲЀ, ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ – ϲϮϡϢϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ); – ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϾϱϤϯϮϯϭϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ; – ϰϯϩϲϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϤϯϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϴϳϡϳϽ ϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ513, ϳϯ – ϩϮϯϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϲ ϩϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϡϿϳ ϰϯ ϷϦϬЀϭ ϲ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ (Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ). «ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ. ώϯ ϣϲЂ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ, – ϰϩϹϴϳ ρϬϡϮ ϒϩϤϦϬ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ, – ϲ Ͼϭϰϡϳϩϩ, ϩϬϩ ϴϸϡϲϳϩЀ – ϤϯϳϯϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϦϢЀ Ϯϡ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϦ, ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ “ϣϯϪϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ” ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϯϨϡϢϯϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡϭϩ, ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀϭϩ. ρ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϯϳϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶»514. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϒϩϥϮϦЀ ϒϭϩϳϡ, «ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϰϩϹϦϳϲЀ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϯ ϬϩϢϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϡϳϽ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦ, ϬϩϢϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ. σϳϯϱϯϪ ϷϦϬϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ, ϮϦ ϯϢϱϡϺϡЀ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ; ϩ ϣϯϲϰϩϳϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϩϬЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ ϩ ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϯϰϼϳ, ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϥϡϳϽ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦ. ϓϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ 513 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 52–53. 514 242 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϬϴϸϹϩϭϩ, ϸϳϯ ϥϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϣϼϥϦϱϧϡϬϩ ϩϲϰϼϳϡϮϩϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϦϭ ϩ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϿϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϭϴ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϴϭϯϣ»515. ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϹϡϤ Ϯϡ ϰϴϳϩ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϳϦϬϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ (ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ) ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϡϫ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ, ϰϯ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϩϨ ϲ϶Ϧϭ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ): «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ࠺ σϼϣϯϥϼ ࠺ ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨ ࠺ ϐϬϡϮ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ» (ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲ϶Ϧϭϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ); «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ࠺ σϼϣϯϥϼ ࠺ ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨ ࠺ ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ࠺ ϏϧϩϥϡϦϭϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ»; «ωϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϩ ϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ ࠺ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ࠺ σϼϣϯϥϼ ࠺ ϐϱϯϤϮϯϨ ࠺ ϐϬϡϮ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ»; «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ࠺ ϏϷϦϮϫϩ ࠺ σϼϣϯϥϼ» (ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϸϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ); «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ࠺ ϏϷϦϮϫϩ ࠺ σϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϦ)». ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϥϳϩ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ «ϲϢϱϯϲϡ» (ϯϰϴϲϫϡϮϩЀ, ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ) ϩϨϬϩϹϮϦϪ ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϹϮϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϡϭϩ, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϷϦϰϯϸϫϡϭϩ, ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ – ϬϩϹϽ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϩ «ϲϩϬϯϣϼϦ ϮϦϲϴϺϩϦ» ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϴ϶ϴϥϹϡϦϳ, ϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϬϴϸϹϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. «ςϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϥϯϬϤϯϪ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϫϦ, ϷϦϰϽ ϭϯϩ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϳϡϫ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ, ϸϳϯ Ѐ ϥϦϬϡϿ ϯϫϯϮϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ, ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϯϳϥϡϣϡЀ ϲϦϢϦ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϦЂ ϨϣϦϮϽϦϣ. ώϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϧϦ ϥϦϬϦ, ϯϮϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ», – ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ ϙϦϱϬϯϫ ϖϯϬϭϲ ϥϯϫϳϯϱϴ σϡϳϲϯϮϴ ϣ «ϞϳϿϥϦ ϣ ϢϡϤϱϯϣϼ϶ ϳϯϮϡ϶»516. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, Ͼϳϡ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϱϦϹϡϦϭϡ ϩ Ϯϡ ϮϩϨϯϣϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ. ϐϯ ϔϩϬϽЀϭϴ ψϩϮϲϦϱϴ, «ϣϼ ϮϦ ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳϦ ϣϼϸϩϺϡϳϽ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ. ϋϡϧϥϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϮϦ ϮϦϲЂϳ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϪ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϩ, ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϥϬϩϮϮϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϮϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϯϦ, ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϮϡϱϦϸϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϥϴϢϬϩϱϴϦϳ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϭϴ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ ϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϱЀϥϯϭ ϤϬϡϤϯϬ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϰϡϲϲϩϣϮϡЀ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϭϦϹϡϦϳ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϿ ЀϲϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϫϳϯ ϸϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ, – ϣϯϳ ϳϼϲЀϸϡ ϩ ϯϥϮϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϲϽ, ϯϲϬϡϢϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϲϩϬϴ 515 The works of Sydney Smith, including his contributions to the Edinburgh review [ϓϱϴϥϼ ϒϩϥϮϦЀ ϒϭϩϳϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϲϳϡϳϽϩ ϣ ϞϥϩϮϢϴϱϤϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϯϨϱϦϮϩϩ]: In 2 vols. Vol. 1. – London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, 1859. – x; 367 p. – P. 169. 516 ϋϯϮϡϮ υϯϪϬ ρ. ϐϱϩϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ ϙϦϱϬϯϫϡ ϖϯϬϭϲϡ. – ϒϡϮϫϳ-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤ: ϒψϋϞϏ, 2021. – 1248 ϲ. – ϒ. 18. § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 243 ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ»517. ςϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϡЀ ϲϳϱϯϫϡ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϦϭ518. ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϡЀ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϬϡϮϴ ϒϩϤϦϬϴ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ, «ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϴϰϱϯϲϳϩϳϽ ϥϯ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ; [ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ] ϩϨϯϢϩϬϴϿϺϩϪ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡϭϩ 50-ϲϳϱϡϮϩϸϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϦϲϳϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϾϫϱϡϮϦ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϡ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϳϦϬϽϮϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϥϡЂϳ ϨϱϩϳϦϬϿ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϼ, ϣϯϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϥϡϧϦ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϯ. σ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϼϭ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ (ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϲϬϯϣϡ϶)… σϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ – ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϥϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ, ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϡϮϯϭϡϬϩϩ ϩ ϳϱϦϮϥϼ. ρ ϣϦϥϽ Ͼϳϯ ϣϩϥ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϬЀ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣ ϩϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶… υϩϨϡϪϮ ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϦ. ϏϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ»519. τϯϣϯϱЀ ϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϭ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϩϱϴϿϺϴϿ Ϸϩϳϡϳϴ ϩϨ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϞϲϳϡϮϩϲϬϡϯ ςϡ϶ϱϡ϶ϡ: «ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϭ Ϯϡ ϭϤϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ: ϭϼ Ϯϡ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϭ ϾϳϡϧϦ ϮϦϢϯϲϫϱЂϢϡ, ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϡϭϩ ϱϡϲϫϩϮϴϬϲЀ ϮϯϸϮϯϪ Ϥϯϱϯϥ. ϋϯϦ-ϤϥϦ ϣ ϯϫϮϡ϶ Ϥϯϱϩϳ ϲϣϦϳ. ϐϯ ϴϬϩϷϡϭ ϲϮϴϿϳ ϭϡϹϩϮϼ, ϯϲϣϦϺϡЀ ϰϴϳϽ ϵϡϱϡϭϩ, ϩ ϭϦϱϷϡϿϳ ϵϯϮϡϱϩ. ώϡϹ ϭϯϨϤ ϰϯ϶ϯϧ Ϯϡ Ϥϯϱϯϥ ϣ ϳϦϭϮϯϳϦ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϲϣϦϺϦϮϼ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϼ, ϴϬϩϷϼ ϩ ϥϯϭϡ. ϐϱϯϥϯϬϧϩϭ Ͼϳϴ ϭϦϳϡϵϯϱϴ: ϭϯϨϤ “ϯϲϣϦϺϡϦϳϲЀ” ϲϡϭϼϭϩ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ. ύϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ “ϨϡϧϦϸϽ” ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ “ϵϯϮϡϱϦϪ” – ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϮϦϪϱϯϮϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ, Ϯϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ “ϴϬϩϷϼ” (ϮϦϱϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϣϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϰϴϳϩ) Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϲϣϦϺϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϣϲЂϭ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϭϼ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϭϲЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϴϥϳϯ ϩϥЂϭ ϰϯ ϯϲϣϦϺЂϮϮϼϭ ϴϬϩϷϡϭ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ϶ ϨϮϡϫϯϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϴϧϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩϪ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϯϲϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ, ϮϦϰϱϯϳϯϱϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϴϳϩ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϯϥϧϩϥϡϿϳ ϮϦϯϢϼϸϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ»520. 517 ψϩϮϲϦϱ ϔ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ: ϋϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϦ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 20–21. 518 ϒϭ.: ϓϡϱϡϲϯϣ υ.ρ. ψϱϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ. – φϫϡϳϦϱϩϮϢϴϱϤ: ϔϱϕϔ, 2015. – 76 ϲ. 519 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 131–132, 136. 520 ςϡ϶ϱϡ϶ Ϟ. τϩϢϫϩϪ ϴϭ: ϋϡϫ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϩϮϡϸϦ ϩ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. 244 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ φϲϳϽ, ϰϱϡϣϥϡ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϲϳϼϫϯϣϫϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϪ. ω ЀϲϮϯϦ ϥϬЀ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϱϩϷϡϦϭϯ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ. ύϡϱϲϦϬϽ ϐϱϴϲϳ ϰϩϲϡϬ (ϯϳϱϡϧϡЀ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϬϡϲϳ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ), ϸϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ЀϲϮϼϭϩ ϳϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ / ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϣϲЀϫϡЀ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϡ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϫϬϩϹϦ, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϭϼ ϰϱϩϣϼϫϬϩ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϡϨϡϬϩϲϽ Ϯϡϭ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϣϲϦ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϱϡϨϤϯϣϯϱϼ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϬϿϢϡЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϬϿϢϡЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϭϴϨϼϫϡ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϨϮϡϫϡ϶, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϫϬϩ521. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ό.ώ. ϓϯϬϲϳϯϤϯ, «ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ ϬϿϥϩ, ϧϦϬϡϿϺϩϦ ϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ. ϔϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϡϭϡЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϩ ϮϦϰϱϩЀϳϮϡЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ»522. 3. ώϦ ϰϦϱϦϴϲϦϱϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϲ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϴϲϦϱϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϷϩЀ϶ ϲ ϳϦϫϲϳϡϭϩ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϩ϶ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ. ϘϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϣϼ϶ϯϬϡϺϩϣϡϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϯϮϩϧϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϬϩϹϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϐ. ςϦϨϱϴϸϫϯ, ϮϦϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ Ϩϡ Ϣϯϱϳϯϭ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, Ϯϩϸϳϯ ϰϯ-ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭϴ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϯ523. Ϟϥϣϡϱϥ ϓϡϵϳ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϋϡϫ ϮϡϲϸЂϳ ϢϦϲϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ? ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϩ? ϑϡϨϣϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ “ϴϱϦϨϡϮϼ” ϩ “ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϼ”? Ϟϳϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϯϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ. ςϦϲϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϩ ϰϴϳϡϮϩϷϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϩ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ, ϡ ϮϦ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϼ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ψϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϸϦϭ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϡЀ ϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϳϯϮϫϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϥϣϴϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϮϼϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ. σϼϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϩϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϳϩϬϽ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϭϯϥϦ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ϶, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϢϦϨϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϫ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭϴ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ»524. 521 Proust M. La fugitive // A la recherche du temps perdu [σ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ϶ ϴϳϱϡϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ]. – Paris: Gallimard, 1954. – P. 552. 522 ϓϯϬϲϳϯϪ ό.ώ. ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: ϓ. 41: ϋϱϴϤ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ: ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ όϽϣϯϭ ϓϯϬϲϳϼϭ, ϭϼϲϬϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϩϮϦ, ϧϩϨϮϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ 1904–1908 / ϓ. 1. – ύ.: ϖϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϡ, 1957. – 610 ϲ. – ϒ. 280. 523 ςϦϨϱϴϸϫϯ ϐ. ςϦϨ ϣϯϥϼ: ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϸЂϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϬϩϷ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2016. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 146, 11. 524 Tufte E.R. Envisioning Information [σϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ]. 4th ed. – Cheshire (Connecticut, USA): Graphics Press, 1990. – 127 p. – P. 51. § 4.7. ϋϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 245 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϐϯϬϴ ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥϴ, ϶ϡϯϲ ϩ ϯϳϱϼϣ ϯϳ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀϭϩ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ525. φϲϳϽ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϩϮ ϡϲϰϦϫϳ. ωϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼ, ϢϦϨϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϣϱϦϥϮϼ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϩ ϰϯϭϦϲϳϩϳϽ ϣϲϦ϶ ϣ «ϰϱϯϫϱϴϲϳϯϣϯ ϬϯϧϦ» ϮϦϫϯϦϤϯ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯ ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ, ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϴЀ Ͼϳϯ ϷϦϬЀϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϭϩ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ. ϑϴϥϯϬϽϵ ϕϬϦϹ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ: «ϓϡϫ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϡϸϦ, ϣϡϹ ЀϨϼϫ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϣϡϹϦϪ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ… σϡϹ ЀϨϼϫ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϣϡϹϴ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϱϡϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϡϭ Ͼϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϳ. ω ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϳ ϣϡϲ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ, ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ Ϭϩ ϣϼ ϣϼϪϳϩ Ϩϡ Ͼϳϩ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ЀϨϼϫ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ. σϼ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϣϲϦ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳϦ ϳϡϫϩϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼϭ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϭ – ϲϣϯϩϭ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣ. ώϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϦϹϡϳϽ ϣϡϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϦϤϯ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. ϐϯϭϮϩϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϨϡϫϯϮϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ Ϣϼ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϣϲϦ»526. 4. ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϥϣϦϱϩϦ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϡ Ϯϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯϥϤϯϳϡϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϵϯϱϭϡϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡϭ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-9). ϑϩϲ. 4-9. ϋϱϡϲϯϳϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϤϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϯ ρϬϡϮϴ ϒϩϤϦϬϴ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ, «ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϦ ϮϦϳ. [ϔϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ] ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϩϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϮϿϡϮϲϯϣ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϣϬϦϮϩϪ. σϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϡ ϲ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ 525 ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥ ϐ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1986. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 420, 450, 484. 526 Flesch R. The Art of Readable Writing [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϸϩϳϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ]. – New York: Harper & Row, 1949. – xv; 239 p. – ϒ. 205. 246 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ. φϲϬϩ ϰϱϩϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽϲЀ ϦϺЂ ϰϯϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϦϦ, ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ: ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ… ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ – ϮϦ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϦ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϣϯϣϮϦ; ϯϮϡ ϥϡЂϳ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϺϴϳϩϭϼϦ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϡ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϩ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ “ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ” ϮϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϼ ϳϩϰϡ “ϴϥϯϢϲϳϣϯ”, “ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ”, “ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ”, “ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ” ϩϬϩ “ϫϱϡϲϯϳϡ”. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ – ϲϴϭϭϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϯϮϡ ϩ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϥϫϯ. φϲϬϩ ϫϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϼ ϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϿϳ ϣ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϭ ϲϣϦϳϦ (ϸϳϯ Ϣϼ Ͼϳϯ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϯ), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ЀϲϮϼ (ϲϭϼϲϬ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϮ ϥϯ϶ϯϥϸϩϣϯ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϪ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϼ ϩ ϴϥϯϢϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϩ), ϳϯ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϯϮ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϸϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ»527. ώϯ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϡ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ, ϥϬЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ, ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϰϯ ςϦϮϴϡ ύϡϮϥϦϬϽϢϱϯϳϴ, «ϭϮϯϤϩϭ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϺϩϭ ϬϿϥЀϭ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϩϸϴϥϬϩϣϼ϶ ϩϨ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮϩϣϡЀ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ ϩ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, ϮϩϸϦϭ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϣϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϩ ϩϲϳϯϱϩЀ ϱϡϲϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϣϲЂ ϰϯ ϭϦϲϳϡϭ, ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϰϯϭϮϩϭ ϳϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϰϬϯϥϯϳϣϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ “ϬϦϭϭϼ” ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, “ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶”, Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ, ϩ ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩϪ ϫ ϮϦϫϯϪ [ϴϧϦ ϣϲϦϭϩ] ϨϡϢϼϳϯϪ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϦϭϦ»528. ϐϯ χϡϫϴ ςϡϱϨϦϮϴ, «ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ, ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϴϭϦϬϯϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬЀ. ύϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϩϤϱϦ Ϯϡ ϵϯϱϳϦϰϩϡϮϯ: ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϩϤϱϼ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϱϴϿϳ ϣ ϮЂϭ»529. Ϟϳϯ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϰϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϩ Ϯϡ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϣ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶, ϸϳϯ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϢϼϲϳϱϦϦ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϦϦ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϰϯϥ ϮϡϲϳϡϣϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 527 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 6–7. 528 ύϡϮϥϦϬϽϢϱϯϳ ς. ϕϱϡϫϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϤϦϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ. – ύ.: ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, 2002. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 550. 529 Barzun J. Begin Here: The Forgotten Conditions of Teaching and Learning [ώϡϸϮϩϳϦ ϨϥϦϲϽ: ψϡϢϼϳϼϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ]. – University of Chicago Press, 1991. – xii; 222 p. – P. 46. § 4.8. ύϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 4.8. ύϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ 247 ϣ σ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ), ϰϱϩ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϥϦϪ ϰϯϥ Ͼϳϯ, ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϣ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ (ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϿ, ϡϮϤϬ. – «metacognitive distance»). ύϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϭϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϴϲϩϬϩϦϭ ϯϳϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϳ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ (ϴϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, Ϯϯ ϰϯϫϡ ϦϺЂ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼ϶) ϩϥϦϪ (ϫϡϫ «ϳЀϮϴϺϩ϶ ϫϯ ϥϮϴ ϯϫϯϣ» ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ «ϰϱϯϫϱϴϲϳϯϣϡ Ϭϯϧϡ», ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ), ϯϳ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯ-ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ (ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϭϯϫ), ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ Ϯϩ϶, ϣϼϪϳϩ Ϩϡ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ. Ϟϳϯ ϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϲϣϦϱ϶ϴ («Ϯϡϥ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϫϯϪ») ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ (ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϤϬϡϨϡϭϩ ϳϱϦϳϽϦϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ) ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϯϭϴ (ϰϱϩ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϯϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ) – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϩ ϡϴϥϩϳ ϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬϡ ϐϡϳϱϩϲϩЀ υϡϮϮ, ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϴ ϰϱϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ Ϯϡϥ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫϯϭ, Ϯϡϥ ϩϥϦϦϪ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ, Ϯϡϥ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϳϡϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϪ530. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϐϡϳϱϩϲϩϩ ςϩϨϨϦϬϬ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϭϴ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ. ϒϣϯϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϬϦϤϸϦ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ, ϫϱϩϳϩϫϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϼ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ ϯ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ531. 530 Dunn P.A. Talking, Sketching, Moving: Multiple Literacies in the Teaching of Writing [τϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ, ϨϡϱϩϲϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ, ϥϣϩϤϡϳϽϲЀ: ύϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϩϥϼ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ ϣ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ]. – Portsmouth (New Hampshire, USA), 2001. – xi; 177 p. – P. 1. 531 Bizzell P. William Perry and Liberal Education [ϔϩϬϽЀϭ ϐϦϱϱϩ ϩ ϬϩϢϦϱϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ] // College English. – 1984. – Vol. 46. – ࠪ 5. – P. 447–454. – P. 453. 248 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.9. ϏϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ωϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϩ. ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬϩ σ.ϒ. ϒϳϦϰϩϮ ϩ ρ.ώ. φϬϲϴϫϯϣ, ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϮϡϴϫϯϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϯϢϼϥϦϮϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼϭ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϯϮ ϰϱϩϲϰϯϲϯϢϬϦϮ ϥϬЀ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϰϬϦϳЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϮϡϬϩϸϮϴϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. ϐϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϢϼϥϦϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϩ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϨϮϡϸϮϼ, ϩ϶ ϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϸϡϺϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϼϭ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ. ώϡϴϫϡ (ϫϡϫ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ) ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϮϦ ϯϲϣϯϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϯϢϼϥϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϭϼϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϱϡϲϰϬϼϣϸϡϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ. ϒϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ, ϰϱϩϤϯϥϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϭϼ϶ ϮϡϴϫϯϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϦϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ532. ϒϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϯ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϴ ϋϦϮϳϴ, ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϥϦϬϡϦϳϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ533. ϐϱϩ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϫ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀϭ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϳϽ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϢ Ͼϳϯϭ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϳ, ϡ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ» ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϦ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽϿ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ534. σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ ϥϡЂϳ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϿ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϡϭ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: 1) ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ; 2) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϣϦϱϮϼ; 3) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ; 4) ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ; 532 ϒϳϦϰϩϮ σ.ϒ., φϬϲϴϫϯϣ ρ.ώ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: σϼϹϾϪϹϡЀ ϹϫϯϬϡ, 1974. – 152 ϲ. – ϒ. 7. 533 Kent S. Estimates and Influence [ϏϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ] // Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays [ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ ϩ ϒϯϣϦϳ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ: ϒϢϯϱϮϩϫ] / Ed. by Donald P. Steury. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994. – 212 ϲ. – P. 53. 534 Kent S. Words of Estimative Probability [ϒϬϯϣϡ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ] // Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays [ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ ϩ ϒϯϣϦϳ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ: ϒϢϯϱϮϩϫ] / Ed. by Donald P. Steury. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994. – 212 ϲ. – P. 133. § 4.9. ϏϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 249 5) ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϥϯϰϯϥϯϢϮϼ; 6) ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ535. ϏϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϴ ϋϦϮϳϴ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϰϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϳϡϢϬϩϷϦ536: 100 % ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ 93 % 75 % 50 % 30 % 7% 0 %, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϏϢϺϡЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϬϿϲ-ϭϩϮϴϲ ϯϫϯϬϯ 6 % ϰϯϸϳϩ ϴϣϦϱϦϮ (ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ) ϰϬϿϲ-ϭϩϮϴϲ ϯϫϯϬϯ 12 % ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϬϿϲ-ϭϩϮϴϲ ϯϫϯϬϯ 10 % ϹϡϮϲϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϼ ϰϬϿϲ-ϭϩϮϴϲ ϯϫϯϬϯ 10 % ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϮϦϳ ϰϬϿϲ-ϭϩϮϴϲ ϯϫϯϬϯ 5 % ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϡϣϦϱϮЀϫϡ, ϮϦϳ σ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ» ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203537 ϢϼϬϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ (ϮϦ ϲϭϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ, ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϢ ϯϳϫϡϨϦ ϯϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϫϯϪ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϼ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϴϿ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ): ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦϳ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳ ϦϬϽϮϯ 1–5% ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀ ϳϮϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ 5 – 20 % ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀ ϳϮϯ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲ ϳϩ 20 – 45 % ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ 45 – 55 % ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϡϣϦϱϮЀϫϡ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲ ϫϩ ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ 55 – 80 % 80 – 95 % 95 – 99 % 535 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 246–247. 536 Kent S. Words of Estimative Probability [ϒϬϯϣϡ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ] // Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays [ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ ϩ ϒϯϣϦϳ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ: ϒϢϯϱϮϩϫ] / Ed. by Donald P. Steury. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1994. – 212 ϲ. – P. 137. 537 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. 250 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 4.10. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϭ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ). ρ ϫ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «pensée analytique systématique», «réflexion analytique systématique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical systemic thinking», «analytical systematic thinking») ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ. ϐϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϦϮϩϪ, ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼ϶ «ϳϯϸϦϫ ϯϰϯϱϼ» ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲ ϳϦϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ, ϰϱϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϮϡ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϢϺϩϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ Ϯϡ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ (ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩ ϥϱ.). ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ϶ «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ», «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ», «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ», ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ, ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ. ϏϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ώ.ρ. ύϩ϶ϡϬЂϣϯϪ, «ϰϯϥ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϮϦϫϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϯ. ϋϡϧϥϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ ϱЀϥϡ ϰϯϥϲϩϲϳϦϭ. σϡϧϮϯϪ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϣ ϮϦϪ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ, ϮϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϭ ϦЂ ϸϡϲϳЀϭ. ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮЀЀ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϯ, ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ»538. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ω.σ. ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤϴ, «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ – ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϲϬϴϧϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ 538 ύϩ϶ϡϬϦϣϡ ώ.ρ. ϋϯϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϩ ϩ ϴϲϳϡϣϼ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϕϦϥϦϱϡϷϩϩ (ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ). – ύ.: ϟϱϫϯϭϰϡϮϩ, 2010. – 366 ϲ. – ϒ. 54–55. § 4.10. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 251 ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϼ϶ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ; ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ»539. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϿ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϿ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϿ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ (ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡЀ ϩ϶ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ) ϲϫϯϱϱϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ (ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϼ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ), ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ (ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ), ϫϡϫϯϣϼ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϱϯϬϩ ϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϼ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϰϱϩϨϭϴ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϸϦϤϯ ϯϮϩ ϲϡϭϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ, ϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϭϯϦ ϩϭϩ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϯϮϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϮϡϸϦ. ϔϲϳϱϦϭϬЀЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϣϦϫϳϯϱ ϣϮϴϳϱϽ ϲϡϭϩ϶ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϡϭϩ ϴϲϳϱϯϦϮϼ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϦϢЀ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϢϩϱϡЀ ϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϸϡϲϳϩ, ϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡЀ ϩ϶ ϫϡϫ ϷϦϬϯϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϯϦ, ϫϡϫ ϲϴϢϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϭϴ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϿ» (ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ, ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϿ), ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϿ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϪ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ, ϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϭϴ ϲϣϦϥϦ˃ϮϩϿ, ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϿ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϯ (ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϦϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡϭϩ), ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϏϳϰϱϡϣϮϡЀ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ: ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣЀϳϲЀ ϣϩϥϮϼ ϣ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϯϭ ϲϣϦϳϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϦ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ω.σ. ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤϴ, σ.ώ. ϒϡϥϯϣϲϫϯϭϴ ϩ Ϟ.τ. ϟϥϩϮϴ, «ϦϲϬϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ, ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϮϼϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. Ϟϳϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ… ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩϨ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ (ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ) ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿ- 539 ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤ ω.σ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. – ύ.: ϞϥϩϳϯϱϩϡϬ ϔϑϒϒ, 1997. – 448 ϲ. – ϒ. 160. 252 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϻϩ϶ ϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϯϭ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ»540. ϐϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϭϴ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϿ ϐϩϳϦϱϡ ϒϦϮϧϡ, ϱϡϨϥϦϬϩϣ ϲϬϯϮϡ ϰϯϰϯϬϡϭ, ϮϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϣϴ϶ ϭϡϬϦϮϽϫϩ϶ ϲϬϯϮϯϣ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϼ – Ͼϳϯ «ϧϩϣϼϦ» ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϩ ϩ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϿ, ϮϴϧϮϯ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ (ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ)541. «ϑϡϨϱϴϹϽϳϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϴϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ, ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϴϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩ ϣϼ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϯ ϯϢϱϴϹϩϳϦ ϣϲЂ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ» ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, – ϰϩϲϡϬ τϱϦϤϯϱϩ ςϾϪϳϲϯϮ542. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϴϳϽ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϩ ϩ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ (ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϣϦϺϡϭϩ, ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀϭϩ, ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭϩ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ, ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ. ϕϱϩϥϱϩ϶ ϋϡϱϬ ϵϯϮ ϒϡϣϩϮϽϩ ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ «ϣ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϤϯ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϱϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϸϦϤϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϩ Ϯϯϱϭϼ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ [ϮϦ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϭϼ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϯϭ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϩ], ϩ ϩ϶ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϡϦϳ ϮϡϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϯϮϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ, ϩ ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ Ϯϡϭ ϴϥϡϲϳϲЀ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϬϦϥϩϳϽ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ [ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ] ϲ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ, ϳϦϭ ϰϯϬϮϦϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϮϡϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ. ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϯϢϭϡϮϸϩϣϯϦ ϰϯϥϯϢϩϦ ϱϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϤϥϦ ϦϤϯ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϮϦϳ, ϩ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϹϡ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϩ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ. ϋϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϥϡϧϦ ϣϮϦϹϮЀЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϳϯϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϲϣЀϨϽϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϪ… σ ϢϯϤϡϳϯϪ, ϧϩϣϯϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϲϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ, Ϯϯ ϭϼ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϼ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϣ ϮϡϹϦ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ. ϐϯϱЀϥϯϫ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϭϼ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϺϡϦϭ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦϭϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϰϱϩϨϮϡЂϭ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϦ, ϩ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ ϱϯϥϲϳϣϯ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϦ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϳϮϼϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ»543. 540 ςϬϡϴϢϦϱϤ ω.σ., ϒϡϥϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ώ., ϟϥϩϮ Ϟ.τ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ: ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ. – ύ.: ψϮϡϮϩϦ, 1969. – 48 ϲ. – ϒ. 21, 25. 541 Senge P.M. The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization [ϐЀϳϡЀ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ: ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ]. – New York: Crown Publishing; Currency, 2006. 542 Bateson G. Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity [ϑϡϨϴϭ ϩ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ: ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϯ]. – New York: E.P. Dutton, 1979. – xiii; 238 p. – P. 8. 543 Savigny, von F.C. System des heutigen Römischen Rechts [ϒϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϱϩϭϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ]. Bd. 1. – Berlin: Veit, 1840. – S. xxxvi– xxxvii. § 4.10. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 253 ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϴϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϴϿ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯ ϣϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϦ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ, ϲϳϯϱϯϮ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϯ, ϡ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ – ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϦϲϳϽ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϯ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ – ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϦ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ («ϷϦϬϯϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϡЀ ϲϴϭϭϡ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ»), ϸϳϯ ϥϡЂϳ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ (ϫϡϫ ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϴϧϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ). ϑϩϲ. 4-10. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ544. 544 ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϥϬЀ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϱϦϰϬϩϫϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ: <https://www.amazon.ca/Puzzle-Master-Conundrum-difficulty-10/dp/B000S0TLXY>. 254 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϴ ϮϦЂ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϦЂ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ (ϭϦϳϡϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ), ϮϦϲϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϫ ϡϱϩϵϭϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϴϭϭϦ (ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ) ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ ϦЂ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ ϦЂ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ, ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϴ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ (ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩ-ϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϬϩϹϦϮϼ ϦЂ ϰϯϥϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϣ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϰϯϥϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 4-10). ϒϡϭϼϭ Ѐϱϫϩϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϧϩϣϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϭ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯ, Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϬϩϹϽ ϫ ϲϴϭϭϡϱϮϯϭϴ ϮϡϢϯϱϴ ϦϤϯ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϳϫϡϮϦϪ, ϫϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϢϩϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϏϳϫϡϨ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ ϰϱϩϨϭϴ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϦϳϡϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϦϥϮЀϦϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϼϭ. ϓϡϫ, ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϳϱЂ϶ ϲϬϦϰϷϯϣ, ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϩ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϮ, ϯϺϴϰϡϬ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϶ϯϢϯϳ, ϮϯϤϴ ϩ ϶ϣϯϲϳ ϲϬϯϮϡ ϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϳϡϫϳϩϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϩϬ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϩϭ. ϒϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϾϭϦϱϥϧϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϿ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϯϮϦϬϬϦ ύϩϥϯϴϨ, Ͼϳϯ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ Ϯϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϲϯϢϯ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «leverage points») – «ϭϦϲϳ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ (ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩϩ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ, ϧϩϣϯϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϭϦ, ϤϯϱϯϥϦ, ϾϫϯϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ), ϤϥϦ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϲϥϣϩϤ ϣ ϸϦϭ-ϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀϭ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ»545. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϯϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ Ϯϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ ϦЂ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ) ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ, ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ). 545 Meadows D.H. Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System [ϏϲϯϢϯ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ: ύϦϲϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϣϳϯϱϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ]. – Hartland (Vermont, USA): The Sustainability Institute, 1999. – ii; 19 p. – P. 1. § 4.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ 255 § 4.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ» – ϯϸϦϮϽ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϦ ϩ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ: ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϼϪ, ϢϬϩϨϫϩϪ ϫ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ, ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϩ (ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϴ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡЀ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ, ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϦ ϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϾϳϡϬϯϮϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ. ϏϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϿϳ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϿ, ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϳϯϸϫϡ϶ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϐϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϯϮϡ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϣ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϭ ϫϯϮϳϩϮϴϴϭϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ546. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ» ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «maturité analytique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytics maturity») – Ͼϳϯ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ (ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϦ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϴϿ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϣϨϣϦϹϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϥϴϭϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣϦϲϯϭϯϲϳϽ (ϣ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ϶), ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϲϳϱϯϤϩϭ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϡϸϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϲϭϦϬϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϡЀϣϩϳϽ ϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϨϡЀϣϩϳϽ ϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϯϹϩϢϫϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϳϡϫ ϲϬϴϸϩϬϯϲϽ. ϋϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬϯϲϽ ϣ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϦ ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩϩ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮϼ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ ϣ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϤϣϯϧϥϡϿϳ ϫ “ϰϯϨϯϱϮϯϭϴ ϲϳϯϬϢϴ” ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϰϴϲϳЀ “ϥϣϡϥϷϡϳϽϿ-ϥϣϡϥϷϡϳϽ” ϬϦϳ ϨϡϥϮϩϭ ϸϩϲϬϯϭ ϣϼЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ 546 Król K., Zdonek D. Analytics Maturity Models: An Overview [ύϯϥϦϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϩ: ϏϢϨϯϱ] // Information. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – ࠪ 3. – P. 142–160. – P. 143. 256 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϭϯϤϬϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϩϨ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ… ω ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϡϤϴϢϮϼϭ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥ – ϫϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ – ϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. ϋϡϫ Ϣϼ ϩϭ Ϯϩ ϶ϯϳϦϬϯϲϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϯ ϨϡЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϢ Ͼϳϯϭ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ϶»547. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ υϯϮϡϬϽϥ ύϡϫϬϡ϶ϬϡϮ, «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϵϩϷϦϱ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϲϩϬ, ϤϯϱϥϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϦϹϡϳϽ Ϧϭϴ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϲϦϢϦ ϩ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϩϱϴ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϲϳϡϣЀϳ ϰϯϥ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϳ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϴϿ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ»548. ϐϱϩϨϮϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ – ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϩ. 547 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 168, 408. 548 ύϡϫϬϡ϶ϬϡϮ υ. ϓϡϪϮϼ ϡϮϤϬϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϓϦϱϱϡ, 1997. – 368 ϲ. § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 257 § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ σϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ) ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ «ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «domain awareness»), «ϯϢϺϡЀ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «common operating picture»), «ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «situational awareness»), «ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «domain awareness superiority»), «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical competitiveness»). ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϯϺϮϼϭ ϯϱϴϧϩϦϭ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ. ώϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϦϺЂ ϐϦϱϩϫϬ, «ϲϩϬϡ ϭϯϱЀ ϥϡϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϴϭϦϦϳ ϦϿ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ». ρϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϙϡϱϬϽ ρϱϥϡϮ ϥϿ ϐϩϫ: «ϏϱϴϥϩЀ Ϣϩϳϣϼ ϷϦϮϮϼ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϴϭϦϦϹϽ ϩϭϩ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ»549. ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϩ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϳϡϮϯϣЀϳϲЀ ϨϡϬϯϤϯϭ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϪ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ ϰϬϡϮϡ϶ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ550. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϦ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯ ϫ ϲϡϭϯϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ ϩ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϩϨϢϦϤϡϦϳ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϲϡϭϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϣϲϦϭϩ ϴϱϯϣϮЀϭϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϼ ϩ Ͼϳϯϲϡ551. 549 Ardant du Picq C. Etudes sur le combat [ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ]. – Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie et Librairie J. Dumaine, 1880. – vii; 296 p. – P. 97, 211 et al. 550 Agnihotri P. Shared Situational and Domain Awareness as an Initial Framework for Strengthening the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue [ϏϢϺϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϥϬЀ ϴϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϸϦϳϼϱЂ϶ϲϳϯϱϯϮϮϦϤϯ ϥϩϡϬϯϤϡ ϰϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/311 1121/shared-situational-and-domain-awareness-as-an-initial-framework-for-strengtheni/>. – 01.08.2022. O’Shaughnessy T.J. Decision superiority through joint all-domain command and control [ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϯϭϴ ϣϲϦϥϯϭϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ] // Joint Force Quarterly 99. – 2020, 4th Quarter. – P. 74–80. 551 Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. 6. 258 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ, «ϥϴ϶ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ» (ϮϦϭ – «zeitgeist») ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϼ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϴϸϩϳϦϬЀ (ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϮϡϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϣϬϡϥϦϿϺϩϦ ϦЂ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ, ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϣϬϿϢϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϴϿ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϴϿ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ) ϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϴϸϦϢϮϩϫϩ. ώϯ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϮϦϳ ϨϡϭϦϮϼ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϲϳϱϡϮϼ. 2. ϋ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩЀ϶ σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϢϱϡϮϮϡЀ (ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϡЀ) ϲ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ (ϴϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ, ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ) ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ, ϲϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ (ϱϦϨϯϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϣϦϲϫϯϦ) ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϴ, ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ, ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϭϦϱϴ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϣϯϩ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ ϰϯ ϰϯϣϯϥϴ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϢ϶ϡϿ ϋϴϭϡϱϴ ϒϩϮϤ϶ϴ, «ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ, ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϼ ϫ “ϨϮϡϮϩϿ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣϯϫϱϴϤ Ϯϡϲ”. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϯϮϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϱϡϨϮЀϺϩϦϲЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϡϭϩ. ϒϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϼ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϣ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϦϭ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. ϏϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ (ϩϬϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ) ϩ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϯϪ. ϐϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϡЀ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ (“ϥϯϭϦϮ”) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϥϯϭϦϮ ϭϯϱЀ, ϯϫϦϡϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϴϥϯ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϰϴϳϦϪ) ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϫϩϢϦϱ-ϥϯϭϦϮ ϲϦϳϦϣϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ). ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϡ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϩЀϳϽ Ϯϡ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯ϶ϱϡϮϴ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϴ ϩϬϩ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϴϿ ϲϱϦϥϴ. ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ, ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ. ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ, ϩ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϲЂϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϾϳϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϯϪ. σ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϡϫϷϦϮϳ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ (ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ) ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϮϷϩϥϦϮϳϼ, Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ Ϯϡ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ. σ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 259 ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭϩ ϭϩϲϲϩЀϭϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ, ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϡЀ ϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϩϬϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϬϩϷϡϭ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ωϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ»552. 3. Ϗ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ϶ ϣ ϒϙρ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϴϳϦϪ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ ϑϯϢϦϱϳ ύ. ϑϡϪϥϦϱ, ϣ ϩϿϬϦ 2020 Ϥϯϥϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϣ ϒϙρ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϬϡ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϬϯϲϽ ϣ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϲϭϯϲϡ, ϫϩϢϦϱϮϦϳϩϫϩ, ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϭϡϤϮϩϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϡ ϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϬϩϷϯϭ (ϢϼϲϳϱϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫ), ϣ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϯϥϡϣϬЀЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϯϦ». ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ, ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϯ. «ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ» – Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϡЀ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀ ϩϨ ϥϣϴ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶, «ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ» ϩ «ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ». Ϙϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ «ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ», Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ; ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϳ ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϰϯϬϦ, ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ, ϲϵϦϱϴ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϣϩϥ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ, ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϴϿϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ. ϏϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϺϦ: Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ, ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ (ϬϩϢϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ) ϩϬϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ (ϬϩϢϯ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ). ϏϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϦЂ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϲϵϦϱϡϭϩ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ. ϑϡϲϹϩϱЀЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ 552 Singh A.K. What is the difference between domain awareness and situational awareness in defence/security? [σ ϸЂϭ ϱϡϨϮϩϷϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶ ϯϢϯϱϯϮϼ ϩ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ?] // <https://idsa.in/askanexpert/difference-between-domain-awareness-and-situationalawareness>. – 27.08.2020. 260 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ISRϭϦϱϯϰϱϩЀϳϩϪ (intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR)) ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϳ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. υϡϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯϢϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣϬϩЀϿϳ Ϯϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϼϭ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ)553. ϋϡϫ ϨϡЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ, ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϩϱϡϭ ϣϲϦ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϣ ϢϯϦϣϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϫϯϱϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϲ ϭϦϮϽϹϩϭϩ ϱϩϲϫϡϭϩ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ώρϓϏ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϽ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϲϰϦϫϳϱ ϲϦϳϦϣϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ (ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ) ϣ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϴ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ώρϓϏ. Ϟϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϱЀϥ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϮϡϨϦϭϮϼϦ, ϣϯϨϥϴϹϮϼϦ ϩ ϭϯϱϲϫϩϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϴ, ϳϼϬϯϣϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ, ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϥϨϯϱϡ, ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ554. 4. ϐϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ Ϯϡϥ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϡϭϩ (Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϯϭ) ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϏϢϬϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ – ϫϬϿϸ ϫ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ Ϯϡϥ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϡϭϩ (ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϯϭ). ώϯ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϦϳ ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϳϦϱЀϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϲϳϯϬϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϭ ϩ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ϶ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϦ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ555. ωϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ 553 Ryder R.M. Domain Awareness Superiority Is the Future of Military Intelligence [ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ] // Military Review. – 2021, November-December. – P. 67–74. – P. 69– 70. 554 ϒϩϬϼ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ώρϓϏ // <https://www.nato.int/cps/ru/natohq/topics_49137.htm?sele ctedLocale=ru>. – 25.03.2022. 555 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 2, 4. § 4.12. ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 261 ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϡ϶, ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶556. τϥϦ ϩ ϣ ϸЂϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϱϦϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ Ϯϡϥ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϡϭϩ (ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϯϭ) ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϦϤϯ? ϐϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡϭϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϩϭ): – ϮϡϬϡϧϩϣϡϮϩϦ (Ϯϡ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶) ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϣ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϡϬЂϫϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϳ «Ϯϡϫϡϸϫϩ» ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϱϦϸϽ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϩϥϳϩ ϯϢ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ); – ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϣϼϲϯϫϯϱϡϨϣϩϳϡЀ ϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϮϡϬϡϧϦϮϮϡЀ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; – ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϿϮϩϳϯϣ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ557; 556 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϬϤϦϢϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϦϫϱϦϳϼ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. – ύ.: ϑϔϒρϋω, 2015. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 264. 557 ϐϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϿϮϩϳϯϣ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ – ϭϮϩϭϼϦ (ϫϯϩ϶ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ) ϩϬϩ ϴϧϦ ϣϡϬϩϥϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϼϦ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϰϬϯϺЂϮϮϼϦ (ϫϯϩ϶ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ) – ϯϰϩϲϡϮϼ ϣ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ. ώϯ ϩϨ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϡ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϩϲϫϬϿϸЂϮ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϯϢϭϡϮϴϳϽ, ϣϣϦϲϳϩ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϿϮϩϳ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϦϳϽ ϩϨ ϿϮϩϳϯϣ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ. ϏϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϢϬϯϫϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ («ϯϲϬϦϰϬϦϮϩЀ») ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ (ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ) ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϲϦϮϲϯϱϮϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϴ. ϓϡϫ, ϣ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϴϧϦ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϳ ϱϩϲϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϰϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡϭ (OSINT) «ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϽϲЀ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϯϭϴ ϮϡϣϯϥϮϦϮϩϿ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ (ϲϦϱϩϪ) ϩϲϫϡϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϵϡϢϱϩϫϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϦϳЀ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϴϤϱϯϧϡϿϳ ϳϦϫϴϺϩϭ ϩϬϩ ϢϬϩϧϡϪϹϩϭ ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩЀϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ “ϮϡϤϮϦϳϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ” (“ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϼϭ ϨϡϤϱЀϨϮϦϮϩϦϭ”). ϐϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϣϬϦϮϩЀ “ϨϡϤϱϡϧϥϦϮϩЀ” ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϰϦϱϦ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϳϱϦϮϥϯϣ ϩ ϳϯϸϦϸϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϰϯ ϥϦϨϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϮϡϱϴϹϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ, ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϩϳϽ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ» (Rasak M.J. Event Barraging and the Death of Tactical Level Open-Source Intelligence [ϙϫϣϡϬ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩ ϲϭϦϱϳϽ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϲ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϫϯϥϯϭ] // Military Review. – 2021, JanuaryFebruary. – P. 48–57. – P. 48). φϲϬϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϦϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ 262 τόρσρ 4. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ; – ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϸϡϲϳϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ. 5. ϐϱϩϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϯ ϵϡϫϳϴ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϡϿϳ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ. ϓϡϫ, ϕϱϩϷ Ϟϱϭϡϱϳ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϲϼϬϡϿϳ ϫ ϫϮϩϤϦ ρϬϣϡϮϡ ϕϡϪϮϹϳϡϪϮϡ «ϋϬϩϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ»558, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϼ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϯϳϬϩϸϮϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩϩ: Ϯϡϴϫϡ (ϫϡϫ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ), ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ (ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ, ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ), ϲϳϡϧϩϱϯϣϫϩ, ϮϡϢϩϱϡϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ – ϯϰϼϳϮϼϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϢϦϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϮϯϦ ϴϲϦϱϥϩϦ ϩ ϷϦϮϮϯϦ ϣϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ (ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϯ ϣϳϯϱϼϭ ϣϱϡϸϦϢϮϼϭ ϭϮϦϮϩϦϭ)559. ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϿϮϩϳ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϲ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϳϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϫϯϭϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ. φϲϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϿϮϩϳϡ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ. 558 Feinstein A.R. Clinical judgment [ϋϬϩϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ]. – Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1967. – vii; 414 p. 559 Ermarth F. Foreword // Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. vii. 263 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ § 5.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 5.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 5.6. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ § 5.12. ωϥϦЀ ϩ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 5.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϫϡ, ϮϦ «ϤϯϬϡЀ» ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ, ϮϦ ϱϦϰϯϱϳϡϧ ϲ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϮϦ ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳϩϫϡ, ϮϦ, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϫϯϬϯϮϫϩ Ϸϩϵϱ ϩ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϮϦ ϢϬϯϤϦϱϲϳϣϯ, ϮϦ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϧϩϮϩϱϩϮϤ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ (ϦϲϬϩ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϭϼ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭ ϮϦ ϥϯϭϼϲϬϡϭϩ, ϮϦ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϫϡϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϮϦ «ϰϯϬϴϾϵϦϭϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϷϩЀϭϩ») ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ (ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ), ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ τ.τ. τϱϡϮϩϫ ϩ ϒ.ύ. ςϯϮϥϡϱϦϮϫϯ, «ϰϱϩϱϯϲϬϩ ϫ ϫϯϮϸϩϫϴ ϰϦϱϡ», ϣ ϴϭϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭ560: ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϩ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϯϪ 560 τϱϡϮϩϫ τ.τ., ςϯϮϥϡϱϦϮϫϯ ϒ.ύ. ψϮϡϫϩ ϰϱϦϰϩϮϡϮϩЀ: ϋϮϩϤϡ ϥϬЀ ϴϸϡϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϣϴϨϼ. Ϙ. 1. – ύ., 1986. – ϒ. 3. 264 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ – ϫϡϫ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϢϺϦ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ (ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϾϮϥϯϬϽϵϴ ϕϦϱϲϯϮϴ ϩ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, – Ͼϳϯ ϫϬϡϣϩϡϳϴϱϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϱϴϸϫϡ ϩ ϢϴϭϡϤϡ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ561. φϲϬϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϯϣ Ͼϳϯ (ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϡϫ, ϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϴ, «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϦ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ; ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϩ ϯϰϼϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϡϭϮϯϤϯ ϹϩϱϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϨϡϭϼϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϬϡϥϦϦϳ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϦϪ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϲϴϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϫϱϼϳϼϦ ϣ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ϶ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ ϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϥϬЀ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»562. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ, ϡ ϩ϶ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϳ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ (ϣ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϩ) ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ, ϩϮϥϴϫϷϩЀ, ϥϦϥϴϫϷϩЀ ϩ ϡϢϥϴϫϷϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ (ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ), ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ (ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ563), ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩϩ, ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϾϫϲϳϱϡϰϯϬЀϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϱ.564 561 Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CQ Press, 2011. – P. 36 ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 562 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 19. 563 ϒϭ.: Weaver W. Science and Complexity [ώϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ] // American Scientist. – 1948. – ࠪ 36. – P. 536–544. σϩϬϽϲϯϮ ρ.υϧ. ϞϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1978. – 248 ϲ. ρϭϯϲϯϣ ͊.͏. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ. – ϋϩϦϣ: ώϡϴϫϯϣϡ ϥϴϭϫϡ, 1968. – 88 ϲ. 564 ϒϭ. ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϼϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 433–657. <https://state-religion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. § 5.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ 265 ϐϯϭϩϭϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϩ. υϾϣϩϥ ϏϭϡϮϥ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϴ, ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϴϿ Ϯϡ ϸϦϳϼϱЂ϶ ϳϩϰϡ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ: 1) ϴЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ: ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩ ϲ ϸϦϭ ϭϼ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϭϲЀ ϰϱЀϭϯ ϲϦϪϸϡϲ; 2) ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϭϼ ϣϩϥϩϭ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϩϥϩϭ; ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϭϯϳϩϣϡϷϩϩ ϳϦ϶, ϫϳϯ ϴϸϡϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϭ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϩ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ); 3) ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϩ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ϶; 4) ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϦ565. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϩϥϽϦ χϿϬϩϡ, ϯϢϱϡϨ – «ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ (ϯϢϱϡϨ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮ “ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ” – ϳ.Ϧ. ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ)»566. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϲϳϯϬϰϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϼ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ: 1) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ (ϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ) ϮϴϧϮϯϦ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϦ (ϩϲϫϯϭϯϦ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ); 2) ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϩ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϷϦϬЀϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ ϯϳϵϩϬϽϳϱϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ (ϰϯϥ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ) ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ567 ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϲϣϯϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϮϡϣϩϤϡϷϩϩ ϰϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ, ϲϣϯϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϯϣ ϩ ϨϡϲϦϸϦϫ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ «ϨϡϭϯϱϯϨϩϳϽ» (ϯϳϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϩ) ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯ ϲϰϯϮϳϡϮϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϩϦ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϩ, ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϰϡϱϳϩϫϴϬЀϱϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ; 3) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ «ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ» (ϰϯϣϼϹϡϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ Ђϭϫϯϲϳϩ, ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; 4) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ, ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϿ, ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϦϱϦϰϬϡϣϬϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϼϬϯϣ, ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ 565 ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 16– 17 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). 566 χϿϬϩϡ υ. ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, 2000. – 544 ϲ. – ϒ. 290. 567 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 266 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϯ-ϳϦϨϩϲϯϣ (ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϩϬϩ ϲ ϮϴϬЀ, ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϪ); 5) ϯϳϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ (ϩϳϦϱϡϷϩЀ϶) ϷϦϰϯϸϫϩ, ϴϱϯϣϮϩ (ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϼ) ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϩ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϪ, ϲ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ (ϣϦϫϳϯϱϯϣ), ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ «ϯϢϻЂϭϮϼ϶» («ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶») ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ (ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ); 6) ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ («ϣϮϴϳϱϩ» ϩϬϩ «ϰϯϣϦϱ϶» ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ); 7) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϣϦϱϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ; 8) ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϪ ϲϳϱϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϨϡϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ (ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ); 9) ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϳϽ568 ϣ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϪ ϰϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϴ, Ϯϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϣϼϲϯϫϯϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ, ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϭϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ. ω ϰϯϥ ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϨϡϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϩϦ (ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ) ϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ. υϴϤϬϡϲ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϩ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϫϦϰϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϫ ϳϱϡϫϳϡϳϡϭ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϾϰϩϲϳϦϭϯϬϯϤϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϭϯ. ϒϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϨϡϫϡϮϸϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϦϭ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ (ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦ, ϩϭϦϿϳ ϭϡϬϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϮϦ Ϯϡ ϲϦϭϩϮϡϱϦ, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϣ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϭϦϮЀϿϺϦϭϲЀ ϭϩϱϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ»569. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϣϲЂ ϥϦϬϯ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϏϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯ ϮϴϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ϶ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ω ϢϦϨ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ Ϯϩϭ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ. 568 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. MacEachin D. Foreword // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. ix. 569 § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 267 § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ώϦ ϩϺϩϳϦ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ. Ϟϰϩϫϴϱ ϋϱϡϲϯϳϡ ϣ ϤϬϡϨϡ϶ ϲϭϯϳϱЀϺϦϤϯ. ρϵϯϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ, ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϦ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϷϩЀ϶ ϲ III ϣϦϫϡ ϥϯ ϑ.ϖ. ϋϡϫ ϤϬϡϲЀϳ ϹϴϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϼ ϕϩϮϾϪϤϬϡ (ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ ϲ «ϨϡϫϯϮϡϭϩ» ύЂϱϵϩ): «ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϴ ϣϡϲ ϦϲϳϽ, – ϮϦ ϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϣϼ ϶ϯϳϦϬϩ Ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϣϡϭ ϶ϯϳϦϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ, – ϮϦ ϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϡϭ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϮϴϧϮϡ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣϡϭ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϮϴϧϮϡ, ϣϡϭ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϡ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣϡϭ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϡ [ϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ], ϲϳϯϩϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϣϼ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ Ϩϡ ϮϦЂ ϨϡϰϬϡϳϩϳϽ»570. ώϡ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩЂϭϼ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴϦϭϼϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. σϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϦϤϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϴϿ ϣ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϩ (ϥϯϢϼϣϡϮϩϩ, «ϰϱϯϲϦϣϦ» / ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϩ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «data mining»; ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «exploration de données», «extraction de connaissances à partir de données») Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϩ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϲ ϥϯϢϯϱϯϭ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϦϤϯ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϴϭϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ, ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ (Ϯϡ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ): ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ϾϣϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ; ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϾϫϲϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϿ) ϩ ϡϤϱϦϤϡϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϡϱϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ «ϳϯϮϮ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ»; ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϢϯϱ, ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϫϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ϶) ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ; ϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϥϡϧϦ ϤϩϤϡϮϳϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϯϣ) 570 ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϣ ύϦϱϵϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮrϬ. 4-e ϩϨϥ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: ϐϯϰϴϱϱϩ, 2008. – 608 ϲ. – ϒ. 146. 268 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϩ; ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϡϫϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ – Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ, «ϣϯϬϮϡϭϩ»; ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ; ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϱϦϨϦϱϣϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ «϶ϯϬϯϥϮϼϦ» ϥϡϮϮϼϦ – ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ, Ϯϯ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϳϯϸϮϼϪ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫ ϩ ϱϦϧϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϦϮ571. ϐϯϩϲϫ – ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϪ ϩ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϿϺϩϪ (ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϩ (Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ) ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϩ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ (ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩϩ) ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ, ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϩϥϦϪ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), ϰϯϥ ϢϡϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ, ϲ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶, ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ϶ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣ. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ / ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϢϯϱ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϮϡϫϯϰϩϳϦϬϦϪ-ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϢϡϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩ϶ ϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϦϪ). σ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϩϨ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩЀ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϲϱϯϫϯϣ. ϐϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϩϬϩ ϳϩϰϴ ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ (ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶; ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼϪ): – ϵϡϫϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϮϯϱϭϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ572 ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ573 (ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ, ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ, – ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ); – ϰϦϱϲϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϰϦϱϲϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ – ϰϯϩϲϫ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϩϪ ϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯ Ϯϩ϶, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϲϯϰϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; 571 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 74. 572 ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼϦ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ: <https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr>; <http://www.saij.gob.ar>; <https://boe.es>; <http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de>; <http://www.admin.ch>; <https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca>; <http://www.ris.bka.gv.at>; <http://www.lexadin.nl>; <http://www.droit-afrique.com>. 573 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ: <https://sudact.ru>; <https://www.poderjudicial.es>; <https://www.justice.gouv.fr>; <http://cases.justia.com>; <https://juricaf.org>; <https://www.bger.ch>. § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 269 – ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ574 (ϰϯϩϲϫ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ), ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ; – ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ575; – ϷϩϳϡϳϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϤϦϯϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϰϯϩϲϫ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ; – ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ (ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϼϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ; – ϰϡϳϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϰϱϩϥϡЂϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ (ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϭ ϮϼϮϦ ϫϡϫ «ϮϯϣϡЀ ϮϦϵϳϽ») ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϣ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϭ ϩ϶ «ϯϫϦϡϮϦ» (ϮϦϥϯϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϮϦϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶) ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϒϣϯϢϯϥϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϮϡϢϩϱϡϮϩϦ ϨϡϢϩϳϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϯ ϯϳϫϡϨϡ «ЂϭϫϯϲϳϦϪ», ϡ ϩϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϩ ϰϯϨϥϮϦϦ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ (ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ), ϲ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϡϷϩϦϪ Ϯϡ ϥϦϳϡϬЀ϶, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϯ ϣϦϱϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ (϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϰϱϩϫϩϥϯϸϮϯϭϴ) ϣϨϡϩϭϯϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩϿ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϭϴ «ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭϴ» ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ (ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ, ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϿ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ, ϲϩϮϳϦϨϴ) ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϯϥϢϩϱϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϤϯ) ϥϯϬϧϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϴϧϦ, ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϥϡЂϳ ϮϡϭЂϳϫϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ. σϦϥϽ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥ ϋϣϦϪϥ, ϥϡϧϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϲϢϯϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϩ϶ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ576. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯ-ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϳϱϡϧЂϮ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-1. 574 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ: <https://www.rsl.ru>; <https://nlr.ru>; <http://lawlibrary.ru>; <https://archive.org>; <https://gallica.bnf.fr>; <https://cyberleninka.ru>; <https://elibrary.ru>; <https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl> (<www.ppl.nl>); <https://scholar.google.com>; <http://www.tesionline.it>; <https://www.dissercat.com>; <https://www.dnb.de>; <http://www.persee.fr>; <https://sci-hub.ru>; <http://papers.ssrn.com>. 575 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼϦ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ: <http://images.google.ru>; <http://images.google.ru/advanced_image_search>; <https://images.search.yahoo.com/>; <https://yandex.ru/images/>; <https://tineye.com>; <https://www.bing.com>; <https://www.labnol.org/reverse/>; <http://www.flickr.com>. 576 ϋϣϦϪϥ Ϟ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϼ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 243. 270 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-1. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣ ϰϯϥ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ, ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ ϩϨ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ» ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩϦϪ (1 – ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, 2 – ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϯϸϩϺϦϮϮϯϪ, ϥϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϱϦ-ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, 3 – ϯϳϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ)577. σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϬ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϥϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϭϯϨϤϡ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ Ϯϡ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϡ ϲ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ: «ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϸЂϳϫϯ»578. ω ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶) ϣϲЂ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϦЂ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ЀϲϮϦϦ ϩ ЀϲϮϦϦ. ϐϱϩϱϯϥϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϩЂϭ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϲϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϭ ϵϩϬϽϭϦ ϰϱϯ ϙϦϱϬϯϫϡ ϖϯϬϭϲϡ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-2): ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ (ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ), ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡϭ ϲϱϦϥϩ «ϣϲϦϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϣ» ϯϳϼϲϫϡϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϼϦ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϩϦ Ͼϳϩ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ ϩ «ϰϯϥϲϣϦϳϩϳϽ» (ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϨϡϭϦϳϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϩϳϽ) ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ. 577 ϗϩϳϡϳϡ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϡ ϰϯ: <https://wonderfulengineering.com/10-best-rubiks-cube-puzzles/>. 578 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 143. § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 271 ϑϩϲ. 5-2. ώϡϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϰϬϡϮϫϩ ϲ ϰϱϯϱϦϨЀϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϴϧϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϿ Ϣϴϫϣ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ579. σ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϦϪϹϦϭ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϯϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϱЀϥ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ, ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϪ ϫϡϫ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϼ (ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϼ) ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ; ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϡϰϰϡϱϡϳϼ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϥϮϩϭϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ. 579 ϗϩϳϡϳϼ ϳϱЂ϶ ϫϡϥϱϯϣ ϣϨЀϳϼ ϩϨ ϳϦϬϦϵϩϬϽϭϡ «ϙϦϱϬϯϫ ϖϯϬϭϲ ϩ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ σϡϳϲϯϮ», 2 ϲϦϱϩЀ «ϋϱϯϣϡϣϡЀ ϮϡϥϰϩϲϽ» (1979 Ϥϯϥ, ϫϩϮϯϲϳϴϥϩЀ «όϦϮϵϩϬϽϭ»), ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ 00:01:35 – 00:01:43. (ωϥϦЀ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϡ σ.σ. ύϩϱϯϹϮϩϫϯϣϼϭ). 272 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϒϩϭϣϯϬϼ ϫϡϣϼϸϦϫ ϲ ϯϢϦϩ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϭ ϨϡϰϱϯϲϦ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϣϲϦϪ ϾϳϯϪ ϵϱϡϨϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϮϦϩϨϭϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ. ϒϩϭϣϯϬ ϭϩϮϴϲϡ («-») ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥ (ϢϦϨ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϡ) ϬϦϫϲϦϭϯϪ (ϲϬϯϣϯϭ) ϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡ (ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱ NOT) ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϦЂ ϩϨ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϣ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϬϯϣϮϯϭ ϮϡϢϯϱϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϤϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡ. ϒϩϭϣϯϬ ϨϣЂϨϥϯϸϫϩ («*») ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϤϱϴϰϰϯϣϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϡϱϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ (ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϪ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲ «϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫ ύ*ϮϦ» ϥϡϲϳ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ – ϣϼϣϦϥϦϳ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϯ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϦ ύϯϮϦ, ϩ ϯ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϦ ύϡϮϦ). ϒϩϭϣϯϬ ϳϩϬϽϥϼ (ϲϩϭϣϯϬ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϣϯϬϮϩϲϳϯϪ ϸϦϱϳϼ – «~») ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϯϪ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϰϯϩϲϫ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϼ, ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϦЂ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϯϣ ϩ ϣϡϱϩϡϷϩϪ ϯϫϯϮϸϡϮϩϪ. ϑϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϣϴ϶ ϬϦϫϲϦϭ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϯϭ ϩ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϭ ϰϬϿϲϡ («+») ϢϦϨ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϡ ϴϧϦ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϯϪ (ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϡ AND) ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩ϶ ϩ ϳϴ, ϩ ϥϱϴϤϴϿ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϴ. σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϡ ϣϯϲϫϬϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϫϡ («!») ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϯϪ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϾϳϯϪ ϬϦϫϲϦϭϼ. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϡϫϳϩϣϦϮ. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ: – ϡϥϱϦϲϮϼϭ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϤϥϦ, ϰϯ ϫϡϫϯϭϴ ϡϥϱϦϲϴ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϩϨ ϲϰϩϲϫϯϣ, ϬϩϢϯ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϼ-ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϯϱϼ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϩ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ (ϰϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϺϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϰϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϱϮЀϭ ϲϬϯϣ, ϰϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϬϯϣϮϼϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϭ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡϭ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼ϶ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϯϣ; – Ϯϡ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ (ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϭ) ЀϨϼϫϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ (Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ ϬϩϢϯ Ϯϡ ϱϦϥϫϩ϶ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ЀϨϼϫϡ϶) ϩϬϩ Ϯϡ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ (ЀϨϼϫϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ); – «ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ» (ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ) ϩ «ϣϦϱϳϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ» (ϭϮϯϤϯϴϱϯϣϮϦϣϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϲ «ϰϱϯϣϡϬϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϤϬϴϢϽ»); – ϯϢϺϩϭ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ «ϲϬϦϰϼϭ») ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϴϨϫϯϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϼϭ; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϭϼϭ ϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϩ ϣ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϦ; – ϯϥϮϯϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ (ϩϬϩ ϤϩϢϱϩϥϮϼϭ); – ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ; – ϲϰϬϯϹϮϼϭ ϩ ϣϼϢϯϱϯϸϮϼϭ (ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ); § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 273 – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϭϼϭ ϣ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ ϩ ϣ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ; – ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ (ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϴ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϲϴϧϡЀ ϲϳϣϯϱ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ) ϩ ϵϡϲϦϳϮϼϭ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «recherche à facettes»; ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϰϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡϭ-ϵϡϲϦϳϡϭ). ϐϯϩϲϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ (ϰϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϸϩϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ) ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϼϭ, ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϼϭ, ϵϱϡϫϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ, ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϭ, Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϭϦϧϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϥϱ. ϒϭϦϧϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ («ϰϯϩϲϫ ϱЀϥϯϭ») – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶, ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϨϡϣϦϥϯϭϯϪ ϢϦϲϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϰϡϲϳϽ «ϣ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϴ» ϭϩϹϦϮϩ (ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϱϴϤ ϭϩϹϦϮϩ), ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϴϿ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϳϽ ϣ «ϥϦϣЀϳϫϴ» ϩ «ϣϯϲϽϭЂϱϫϴ», ϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ – ϩ «ϲϦϭЂϱϫϴ». ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϩ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ – ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ, ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ, ϾϬϡϲϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ (ϤϩϢϫϯϤϯ) ϰϯϩϲϫϡ. Ϟϳϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ, ϩ ϣϲϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ («smart-») ϰϯϩϲϫϯϭ. τϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «recherche génétique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «genetic algorithm in search») – ϾϣϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ, ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϴϸЂϳ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ «ϱϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ» ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ «ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩϪ» ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϬЀ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ (ϩϬϩ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ) ϰϯ ϦЂ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϭ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀЀ Ͼϳϴ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϿ ϫ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ («ϰϯϰϴϬЀϷϩϩ») ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϡЀϲϽ ϫ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ «ϲϫϡϸϫϡϭϩ» (ϱϦϨϫϩϭϩ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ), ϫϡϫ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶ ϭϴϳϡϷϩϩ, ϲϫϱϦϺϩϣϡϮϩЀ (ϱϦϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ) ϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϦ ϤϬϯϢϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϲϫϯϬϽ ϴϤϯϥϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϩ϶ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ, ϩϨϢϦϧϡϣ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϳϯϱϮϯϤϯ «ϣϨϱϼϣϡ», ϩϢϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϭϴ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱЀϭϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ. ώϯ ϲ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϩ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϱϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϣ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ ϰϱϩϮϡϥϬϦϧϮϯϲϳϩ580. 580 ϐϦϤϡϳ ρ. ώϦϸЂϳϫϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮ. – ύ.: όϡϢϯϱϡϳϯϱϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, 2020. – 801 ϲ. – ϒ. 538. 274 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϰϯϩϲϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ (Ϣϼϲϳϱϼϭ ϩ ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭ), ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϭ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ), ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϦ (ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯ-ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ) ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ Ϥϯϥϡ϶), Ϲϩϱϯϳϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡ («ϲϳϣϯϱϡ») ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣ. ώϡϣϼϫϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ581. ϐϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ «ϲϼϱϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ» ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϯϮϡ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϳϲϯϱϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϦϮϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϳϱϦϭЀϳϲЀ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϽ ϩϨ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϦЂ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ582. ώϯ ϰϯϭϩϭϯ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϥϯϢϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ ϩ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀϭϩ, ϭϦϧϥϴ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϲϦϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϩϨ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶, ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϯϣ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. ωϢϯ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϩ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϭϴ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ. ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϩ ϰϯϫϡ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϭϡϬϯϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϿϺϩϭϲЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ (ϣ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ) ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. υϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϼ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ώϯ ϣ ϯϢϯϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϬϡϧϦϮϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶, ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϩ. ϐϦϱϦϥϯϣϼϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϡϧϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ, ϸϦϭ ϥϡϧϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ (ϩ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϯϮϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ). ωϭϦϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ 581 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for analytic cognition: Guide for doing all-source intelligence analysis [ϑϡϭϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 / Air Force research laboratory, 711 TH Human performance wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, WrightPatterson air force base, Air Force Materiel Command of the United States Air Force. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA), 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 3. 582 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 583. § 5.2. ϐϯϩϲϫ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 275 ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ, ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϬЀϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϬЀ ϫϬϡϲϳϦϱϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϡϭ, ϡϫϷϦϮϳϡϭ ϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀϭ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϩ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϥϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ. υϱϴϤϩϦ ϳϩϰϼ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ; ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϡ ϮϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϭ ϥϯϲϬϯϣϮϯϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ. ϐϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϮϩ ϲϳϡϮϴϳ ϢϦϲϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϦϭ ϲϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. ϏϮϩ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϳϡϮϴϳ ϮϦϨϡϭϦϮϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϯϰϡϣϹϩ϶ ϣ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϴϿ ϬϡϣϩϮϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶583. 583 Robb C.S., Silberman L.H., Levin R.C., et al. The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States [ϋϯϭϩϲϲϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϱϴϧϩЀ ϭϡϲϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϸϳϯϧϦϮϩЀ: υϯϫϬϡϥ ϰϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϴ ϒϙρ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Government Printing Office, 2005. – xi; 601 p. – P. 397. 276 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ Ϡ ϣϲЂ ϲϬϼϹϴ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ, ϩ Ѐ ϣϲЂ ϣϩϧϴ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϿ. σ.ύ. σϡϱϤϡ, ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϧ ϡϫϳЂϱϡ υϾϣϩϥϡ ϓϽϿϬϩϲϡ ϣ ϳϱϦϳϽϦϭ ϲϦϨϯϮϦ ϲϦϱϩϡϬϡ «ϕϡϱϤϯ». – ώϴ, ϸϳϯ? ϘϩϳϡϬϩ ϫϮϩϤϴ? – ϘϩϳϡϬ, ϣϡϹϦ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ. – Ϗ ϸЂϭ ϧϦ ϣϼ ϸϩϳϡϬϩ, ϬϿϢϦϨϮϦϪϹϩϪ? ρ Ϯϴ-ϫϡ, ϱϡϲϲϫϡϧϩϳϦ! (…) – ψϡϢϼϬ, ϣϡϹϦ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ (…) – ψϮϡϸϩϳ, ϣϼ ϮϦ ϸϩϳϡϬϩ ϩϬϩ, Ͼ-Ͼ-Ͼ… ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϸϩϳϡϬϩ! ρϣϳϯ-ϭϭϡ-ϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ! ϓϡϫ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ! ρ.ϐ. ϘϦ϶ϯϣ. ϘϳϦϮϩϦ (ϱϡϲϲϫϡϨ ϲϳϡϱϯϤϯ ϣϯϱϯϢϽЀ)584. ϏϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ. ϏϮϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϽϨϼ ϩϨ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϴϭϦϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ϶ ϣ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϦ. «ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϲϬϴϧϢϡ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϬϡ ϳϴ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϴϭϡϮϯϭ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. ψϡ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ, ϭϼ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϡϬϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ “ϳϴϭϡϮϦ”… ύϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϰϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϴϧϢϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. ϒϡϭϯϪ ϣϡϧϮϯϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϲϫϣϯϨϽ “ϳϴϭϡϮ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ” ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϴϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ»585. ώϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϴ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϫϦ), Ϯϯ ϩ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ. ϏϳϣϦϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϳϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ, ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ (ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ) ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ – ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼ, ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳ ϢϡϨϩϲ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ. 584 ϘϦ϶ϯϣ ρ.ϐ. ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϩϲϦϭ ϣ ϳϱϩϥϷϡϳϩ ϳϯϭϡ϶. ϓ. 2: 1883– 1884. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1983. – 576 ϲ. – ϒ. 362. 585 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 33, 256. § 5.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 277 ϓϡϫ, ϰϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ρϬϽϢϦϱϳϡ ϕϱϡЀ ϩ ρϬϽϢϦϱϳϡ όϦϣϩ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϥϣϡ ϣϮϦϹϮϦ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ, – Ͼϳϯ «ϯϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϣϼϥϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬЀ»586. ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϯϦ (ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯ-ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯ ϣϲЂ ϩ ϣϲЀ, ϬϩϢϯ «ϲϮϡϪϰϦϱϲϫϩ» ϩϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ (ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ) ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϮϿϡϮϲϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ (ϮϦЀϣϮϼϦ) – Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϭ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϲϯϢϼϭ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϭ (ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϥϡϱ); ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϪϲЀ ϤϥϦ-ϳϯ ϣ ϫϮϩϤϦ ϩϨ 500–800 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϪ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ (ϲϫϡϧϦϭ, ϤϱϴϢϡЀ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϡЀ ϯϹϩϢϫϡ, ϾϫϲϳϱϦϭϩϲϳϲϫϯϦ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϮϴϧϮϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ) ϲϱϡϨϴ ϧϦ «ϲ Ϭϩϲϳϡ» ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ. ώϯ ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϪ. ϐϯϮϡϸϡϬϴ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϫϬϡϲϲ ϯϮϬϡϪϮ-ϩϤϱ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϡϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϳϦ϶, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϥϦϳϦϪ ϰϯ ϴϱϯϣϮϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϣϨϱϯϲϬϼ϶ (ϳϡϫϩϦ ϦϲϳϽ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϩ Ϯϡ ϣϱϦϭЀ587). Ϟϳϩ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϡϭϩ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϣϮϦϲЂϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϳϽϩϭ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϸϮϼϦ, Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ, Ϭϩϲϳϼ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ (ϰϯϥϭϦϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϡ ϲϬϯϣ, Ϣϴϫϣ). ώϯ ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϮϦ ϯ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϯϱϲϫϯ-ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϲϫϯϭ, ϡ ϯϢ ϩϮϯϭ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ), ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϱϡϨϭϩϮϫϩ. ϏϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϑϴϲϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϹϫϯϬϼ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϱϡϲϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ ϯϢ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϩ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ Ϧϭϴ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϬϯϥϯϲϳϩ: ϩϥЀ ϰϯ ϴϬϩϷϦ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϲϳϡ϶, ϰϦϱϦϥϣϩϤϡЀϲϽ ϣ ϭϦϳϱϯ ϩϬϩ Ϯϡ ϩϮϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϰϯϱϳϦ, ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϯϥ ϮϯϤϩ, ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡЀ ϩ ϲϯϢϩϱϡЀ ϣϡϬЀϿϺϩϦϲЀ Ϯϡ ϨϦϭϬϦ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϯϳϯϱϣϡϣϹϩϦϲЀ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϱЀϮϮϼϦ ϰϴϤϯϣϩϷϼ. ϐϯϮϡϸϡϬϴ Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ «ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϩϫϡ» ϨϡϥϡϸϦϪ, ϥϯϣϯϥЀ ϦϤϯ ϥϯ ϯϳϸϡЀϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϳϯϭ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϰϦϱϣϼϦ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϫϩ, ϡ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϯϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϴϤϯϣϩϷ» ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϴϳ, ϰϯϳϯϭ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϴϬϩϷϡ϶, ϣ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϰϯϱϳϦ, ϲ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϯϬϡ ϣ ϰϯϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ϶ 586 Frye A.M., Levi A.W. Rational Belief: An Introduction to Logic [ϑϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ: σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ]. – New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1941. – 482 p. 587 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: <https://www.sporcle.com/games/Cutthroat/spot-the-difference-xl>; <https://gamaverse.com/6-differences-game/>; <http://www.searchamateur.com/Play-FreeOnline-Games/Photo-Frenzy.htm>. <https://www.sporcle.com/games/Cutthroat/spot-thedifference-x>; <https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-8744579/Tricky-brainteaserchallenges-puzzlers-spot-differences-set-pictures.html>; <https://www.sporcle.com/games/Cutthroat/spot-the-difference-xxi>. 278 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϴϤϯϣϩϷ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϷϦϬϼϦ ϬϩϳϱϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϳϱЂ϶ϬϩϳϱϯϣϼϦ ϢϡϮϫϩ… ϔϭϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϦ ϲ Ϭϩϲϳϡ (ϰϯϸϳϩ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϧϦ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ), ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϩϬϩ ϫ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ Ϯϡϥ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ, ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϰϯ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϴϸϩϣϡϮϩϿ Ϯϡ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ, ϣϥϴϭϸϩϣϯϦ, ϭϮϯϤϯϾϳϡϰϮϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϯ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ ϣ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ϶ ύϯϱϳϩϭϦϱϡ υϧϦϱϯϭϡ ρϥϬϦϱϡ588 ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϰϬϯ϶ϩϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭ (ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ, ϣϨϡϩϭϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ ϸϳϦϮϩϪ), ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϲ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳϯϪ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ – Ϯϡ ϩ϶ «ϨϡϳϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ» Ϯϡ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϥϯϮϦϲϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϳ.ϥ., ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. Ϟϳϯ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽ, ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϪ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϬϿϥϩ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϭ ϴϳϱϡϳϩϬϩ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϴ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϫϮϩϤ ϩ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϥϴϭϸϩϣϯϤϯ (ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϫϡϱϡϮϥϡϹϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϭϦϳϫϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬЀ϶) ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ. ρ Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϨϡϬϯϤ: ϳϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϹϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϦϲϬϩ ϳϼ ϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϸϩϳϡϦϹϽ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ. ώϩϸϳϯ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ Ϥϱϴϰϰ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦ ϥϡϲϳ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ ϷϦϬϩ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϼ. σϦϲϽϭϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϡϿϳ ϴϭϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ (ϮϴϧϮϯϦ) ϱϡϨϣϩϳϼϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϦ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϩ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϣϼϦϭϫϩ) ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϲϬϯϧϦϮϼ ϭϦϳϡ-ϰϡϨϬϼ – ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϦ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϫϡϫ «ϲϼϱϽЂ» ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ. ώϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-3 ϩ 5-4 ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϡ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. Ϟϳϩ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϩ – ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϼϦ. ϒϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϡϫ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϼ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϬϯϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ ϩϨ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϲϥϦϬϡϿϳ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϮϦϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϪ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ «ϰϯϸϦϱϫϴϹϦϫ». ώϯ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϡ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩЀ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϡ. 588 ρϥϬϦϱ ύ. ϋϡϫ ϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϫϮϩϤϩ. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϸϳϦϮϩϿ ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. όϡϱϩϲϼ ϐϬϯϲϳϡϫ. 6-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2019. – 340 c. Adler M.J. How to Read a Book: A Guide to Reading the Great Books [ϋϡϫ ϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϫϮϩϤϩ. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϸϳϦϮϩϿ ϣϦϬϩϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ]. – New York: Simon & Schuster, 1966. § 5.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 279 ϑϩϲ. 5-3. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϨ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ (ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϡ – ϴϲϬϯϣϮϡ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡ). 280 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-4. ϓϯ ϧϦ, ϸϳϯ ϩ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-3, Ϯϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ϶ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϵϩϤϴϱϡϷϩϪ, ϰϯϥ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϭϩ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϭ «ϲϼϱϽϦϣϼϭ» ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϲϳϡϮϴϳ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϭ «ϲϼϱϽϦϣϼϭ» ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ Ϯϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮϦ. ϏϢϱϡϨ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϡϧϦϮ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϣ ϶ϡϯϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϼϦ «ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϲϣϡϬϫϩ», Ϯϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϲϳϼϫϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ, ϩϮϴϿ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϴϿ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ. Ϗϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯϸϮϯ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϴϣϩϥϦϬ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϼ, Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ, ϢϴϥϦϳ Ϭϩ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ, ϣϼϹϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϪ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ. § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 281 § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ σϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϲ ϸϦϤϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϨϼ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ. ϔϧϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϰϯϮϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ, ϭϦϲϳϡ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ. Ϟϳϯϭϴ ϲϬϴϧϩϳ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. σϮϦϹϮЀЀ (ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϭϡЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «balisage analytique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical markup», «text labelling») ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩЂϭ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ (ϴϤϯϬϯϣϮϯ-ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, ϫϮϩϤϡ, ϰϱϯϰϡϤϡϮϥϩϲϳϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ, ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀ, ϨϡϫϯϮϯϰϱϯϦϫϳ, ϥϯϫϬϡϥ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ, ϳϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϭ, ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϴϿ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. ϒ϶ϯϧϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϯϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ (ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ), ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϡϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϡ ϣ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϮϼ϶ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϼ϶ ϲ϶Ϧϭϡ϶, ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϩ϶ ϡϴϥϩϯ-ϣϩϥϦϯ-ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ. υϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϭ ϵϡϪϬϦ), ϯϮ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ Ͼϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ, ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϴЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϴϭϦ ϫϡϫϩϦϳϯ ϨϡϲϦϸϫϩ, ϭϡϱϫϦϱϼ, ϰϱϩϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ, ϳϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϭ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϼϣϡЀ ϲϳϡϱϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ (ϩ϶ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ) ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ. ϓϡϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ, ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϥϩϵϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴЀ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴЀ ϦϤϯ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϣ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϫ ϦϤϯ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ. ώϯ ϣϦϱϮЂϭϲЀ ϫ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. φϲϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϤϱϡϮϦϪ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ (϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ЀϣϮϯ) ϸϦϱϦϨ ϭϡϫϦϳ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ. υϱϴϤϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ. ϓϦϫϲϳϯϣϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ЀϣϮϼϭϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩ϶ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϬϩϢϯ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϡϭϩ, ϬϩϢϯ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϡϭϩ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϲ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ. ϋϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϨϡϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϭ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ 282 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϸϡϳϽ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϩϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϡ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ. ϐϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϫϡϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳ. ϋϯϥϼ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϳϩϰϩϸϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ. ϏϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϳ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϼ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ϏϢϼϸϮϯ ϯϮϡ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϡ ϮϦ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϣϮϦϹϮϩϭ ϣϩϥϯϭ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϦЂ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϬϿϥϩ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϼ. ϏϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϫϡϫϯϣϼ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡ ϮϦ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϣϼϤϬЀϥЀϳ. ϑϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϮϼϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϯϭ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϷϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϡϭϯ Ͼϳϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϳϲЀ589. σ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϯϢϩ϶ϯϥϦ ϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϭϼ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϭϲЀ ϲ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ. ϏϮϡ ϮϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϩϨ ϱЀϥϡ ϣϯϮ ϣϼ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϦ. ϒϡϭϡЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϦϪϹϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϡϮϤϬϯЀϨϼϸϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϡ϶ ϬϩϢϯ ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶, ϲϰϬϯϹϮϡЀ ϲϫϣϯϨϮϡЀ ϮϴϭϦϱϡϷϩЀ ϡϢϨϡϷϦϣ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϦϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϯϳ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϩ ϥϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϰϱϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϫϯϬϯϮϳϩϳϴϬϡ϶ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ φ.σ. ϔϹϡϫϯϣϡ, ϢϦϨ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϳϽ ϲϡϭϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϦ590. σ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϲ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ ϱϦϸϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϩϤϱϡϿϺϦϦ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϲϬϴϧϦϢϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ591. ω ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϯϧϦ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ Ϯϯϣϼ: ϯϢϱϡϳϮϡЀ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡ ϳϩϳϴϬϽϮϯϤϯ Ϭϩϲϳϡ ϫϮϩϤϩ ϲ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϯ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϮϦϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ. ύϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϿϳ ϰϯϥ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϰϱϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ «ϰϱϩϣϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ» («ϰϱϩϲϡϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ») ϫ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ592. 589 Textual Markup and the Study of Literature [ϓϦϫϲϳϯϣϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ] // <http://www.csun.edu/~sk36711/WWW/tutorials/markup_and_literature.html>. 590 ϔϹϡϫϯϣ φ.σ. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϿ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϿ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. – ύ.: ϞϫϨϡϭϦϮ, 2005. – 528 ϲ. – ϒ. 122. 591 υϴϭϫϩϮϡ ω. όϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ // <https://proza.ru/2016/03/20/1141>. 592 Tooling Up for Digital Humanities [ϐϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϫ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭ ϤϴϭϡϮϩϳϡϱϮϼϭ Ϯϡϴϫϡϭ] // <http://toolingup.stanford.edu/?page_id=141>. § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 283 σϡϧϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ЀϣϩϬϲЀ ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ (SGML), ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϪ ϣ 1960-϶ Ϥϯϥϡ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϭϦϮϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦ, ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ Ͼϳϯϳ ЀϨϼϫ ϢϼϬ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ, ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϬϩϲϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϦϤϯ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϦϱϲϩϩ. ϏϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ЀϨϼϫ ϤϩϰϦϱϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ (HTML), ϲϯϨϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϣ 1980-1990-϶ Ϥϯϥϡ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ ϣ ωϮϳϦϱϮϦϳϦ. ϐϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϣϦϢ-ϢϱϡϴϨϦϱϼ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϬϩϲϽ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ, ЀϨϼϫ HTML ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϬϲЀ ϰϯ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϮϼϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϣϦϢ-ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϡ϶593. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Ͼϳϯ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩ (ϦϲϬϩ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϦϤϯ «ϱϡϲϸЂϳϮϯϪ ϭϯϺϮϯϲϳϩ») ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. σϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϴ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ «ϮϡϫϱϼϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ «ϰϱϯϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϫϡϫ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϥϱϯϧϧϦϣϯϤϯ ϳϦϲϳϡ) ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ «ϲϦϳϫϩ» ϩϬϩ «ϱϦϹЂϳϫϩ» (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-5). ϑϡϢϯϳϡ ϰϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ (ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯ) ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ (ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ) ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ (ϲϳϱϯϪ, ϬϯϤϩϫϴ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϨϡϹϩϳϼϦ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϯϬϯϤϦϭϼ ϩ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϼ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳϼ, ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϦϫϳϯϱϩϩ (ϣϦϫϳϯϱϼ), ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϭϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϩ϶ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩϿ, ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϴ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ ϯϰϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϡ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϰϡϱϡϬϬϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ ϩϥϦϯϬϯϤϦϭ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϰϡϤϡϮϥϩϲϳϲϫϩ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ. Ϟϳϯ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯ (ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ – ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯ-ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ) ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ ϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣ ϴϭϦ «ϨϡϹϩϳϼϦ» ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ, ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨЀ϶ ϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϴϿ ϳϦϬϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ (ϷϦϬϦϣϴϿ) ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϱϦϳϱϯϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϢϼϲϳϱϼϪ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϪ (ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ) ϰϯϩϲϫ ϰϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϣϯϨϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϯ ϰϦϱϦϫϱϼϳϩϿ ϩ «ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϱЀϥϯϭ»). 593 Textual Markup and the Study of Literature [ϓϦϫϲϳϯϣϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ] // <http://www.csun.edu/~sk36711/WWW/tutorials/markup_and_literature.html>. 284 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-5. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϭϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϦ ϥϱϯϧϧϦϣϯϤϯ ϳϦϲϳϡ) ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ «ϮϡϫϱϼϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ «ϰϱϯϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ «ϲϦϳϫϩ» («ϱϦϹЂϳϫϩ»)594. ώϯ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ – ϰϱϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ, ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϦ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϡ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϮϯϳϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ. ϑϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): 1) ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϡϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ (ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ Ϯϡϥ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ, ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ – ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ ϮϦϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϣϮϦ ϦϤϯ): – ϷϣϦϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ (ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ 595 ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ) – ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ Ϲϱϩϵϳϡ, ϨϡϬϩϣϯϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϼ϶ ϡϢϨϡϷϦϣ (ϭϡϱϫϦϱϯϣ) ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϥϮϡ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϦϭϡЀ ϣ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϰϡϤϡϮϥϩϲϳϲϫϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϷϣϦϳϯϭ, ϣϳϯϱϡЀ – ϥϱϴϤϩϭ, ϳϱϦϳϽЀ – ϳϱϦϳϽϩϭ; ϩϬϩ ϧϦ 594 ϞϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ: <https://www.hlebomoli.ru/blog/podoshlo-kakponyat-podoshlo-li-testo>. 595 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 285 ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϷϣϦϳϡϭϩ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ (ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϬϦϫϲϦϭ ϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ); – ϩϮϼϭϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ (ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ (ϱϡϨϭϦϸϡϳϽϲЀ) ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϫϯϣ – ϢϴϫϣϦϮϮϼ϶, Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶, ϲϬϴϧϦϢϮϼ϶, ϰϲϦϣϥϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ, ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϣϩϥϡ ϰϯϥϸϦϱϫϩϣϡϮϩϪ, Ϲϳϱϩ϶ϯϣϯϫ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ ϤϡϱϮϩϳϴϱϼ ϩϬϩ ϫϦϤϬЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϤϯ Ϲϱϩϵϳϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.); – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϡϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϭϦϳϫϡ϶ ϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬЀ϶ ϩ ϣ ϭϦϧϲϳϱϯϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ϶ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-6), ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϣϼϮϯϲϫϡ϶ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «text balloons», «speech bubbles» ϩ ϥϱ.); – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭϴ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϭϴ ϵϡϪϬϴ; ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ, ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ, ϱϡϨϱϼϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϳϦϫϲϳ 2) ϫϡϫ Ϯϡ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϣϱϦϨϯϫ ϣ ϱϡϨϱϼϣ ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ. ϑϩϲ. 5-6. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϡϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣ ϱϡϨϭϦϸϡϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ, ϣ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϦ (ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϣϩϥϡϭϩ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϮϩϪ)596. 596 σ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ – ϳϦϫϲϳ ϰϴϮϫϳϡ 14 ϏϲϮϯϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϴϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϩϿ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϱϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩ϶ ϥϴ϶ϯϣϮϯ-ϮϱϡϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ 286 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ σϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯ ϩ ϫ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϭϴ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϴ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϫ ϫϮϩϤϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϴ ϣ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ), Ϯϯ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϭϼ ϩϭϦϦϭ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϼϪ. ϓϡϫϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϯϫ (ϱϡϨϭϦϸϡϿϺϩ϶ «ϲϦϳϯϫ») ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ – ϳϦϫϲϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ, ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϰϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϡ, ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩϺϦϭ, ϩϬϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϢϬϯϫϴ), ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϳϯϸϮϦϦ – ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϲϦϳϯϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ). ω ϮϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯ ϯϥϮϯϴϱϯϣϮϦϣϯ – ϯϥϮϡ ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ (ϰϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ). ϓϡϫϩϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϳϩϣϮϼ ϩ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϼ, ϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ (ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϳϽϲЀ, ϰϦϱϦϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ). ύϦϳϡϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ ϴϧϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϲϮϯϣϡ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϮϡϮϦϲЂϮϮϯϪ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϡϮϯϲϩϳϽϲЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϭϦϳϡϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮЀ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ύ.σ. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϯϪ, «ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϳϦϫϲϳ – ϣϦϲϽ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϲϯϯϢϺϡϦϭϼϪ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϿ», ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ «ϭϦϳϡϳϦϫϲϳ – ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϤϯ ϴϲϣϯϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϯϭ»597. ϑϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϳϩϰ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϡ ϩ ϸϩϲϬϯ Ѐϱϴϲϯϣ (ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ) ϱϡϨϭϦϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϳϩϰϡ, ϯϢϻЂϭϡ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϯϳ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϳ ϯϳϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ. ϋϡϫ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ, ϭϯϧϦϳ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ) ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϢϴϫϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ) ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϮϡϥϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ (ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϰϯ ϸϡϲϳϯϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣ ϩϨ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϯϰϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϡ). ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϔϫϡϨϯϭ ϐϱϦϨϩϥϦϮϳϡ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϪ ϕϦϥϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϯϳ 09.11.2022 ࠪ 809. 597 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 481. § 5.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ 287 σϯϨϭϯϧϮϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϡ, ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϴϧϦ ϱϦϹЂϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ϶ ϩ Ϯϡ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶. σ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ «ϳϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϱϯϧϦϫ» (ϯϳ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϳϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϱϯϧϦϫ ϣ ϰϦϸϡϳϮϼ϶ ϰϬϡϳϡ϶ ϣ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ) ϢϦϨ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϱϦϮϥϦϱϩϮϤ («ϯϳϱϩϲϯϣϫϡ», ϡϮϤϬ. «rendering» – «ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ») ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ (ϣ ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ) ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϣϦϱϲϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϲϫϯϭϼ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ (ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϭϦϲϳ, ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϯϫ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ. ϐϯϲϬϦ ϸϦϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩЀ «ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯϲϳϩ» ϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϼ ϳϡϫϩ϶ «ϥϯϱϯϧϦϫ» ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϾϫϲϳϱϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ (ϯϳ ϲϬϯϣϡ «ϾϫϲϳϱϴϨϩЀ», ϣ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϮϥϦϱϩϮϤϡ) ϣ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ 3DϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϽ ϲ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϫϩϱϩϤϡϭϩ – ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϩϨ ϰϬϯϲϫϯϲϳϦϪ), ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϩ ϩ ϯϸϦϱЂϥϮϯϲϳϩ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-7). ϑϩϲ. 5-7. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ598. 598 ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ 3D-ϾϫϲϳϱϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϬϯϲϫϯϲϳϮϯϪ ϒ϶Ϧϭϡ ϱϡϨϭϦϳϫϩ (ϬϦϣϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ) ϨϡϩϭϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϡ ϰϯ: How to Construct an Ullagami Model // <https://ullagami.com/how-to.php>. 288 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ … ϰϯϥϴϭϡϬϡ ρϬϩϲϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϬϡ: – ϘϦϹϩϱϲϫϩϪ ϋϯϳϩϫ, ϲϫϡϧϩϳϦ, ϰϯϧϡϬϴϪϲϳϡ, ϫϡϫ ϭϮϦ ϣϼϪϳϩ ϩϨ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϬϦϲϡ? – Ϟϳϯ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ, – ϯϳϣϦϳϩϬ ϋϯϳ, – ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϴϥϡ ϳϼ ϶ϯϸϦϹϽ ϰϯϰϡϲϳϽ. – ρ ϭϮϦ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ – ϫϴϥϡ, – ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϬϡ ρϬϩϲϡ. – ψϮϡϸϩϳ, – ϳϣЂϱϥϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϋϯϳ, – ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ. όϽϿϩϲ ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬ. ρϬϩϲϡ ϣ ϒϳϱϡϮϦ ϸϴϥϦϲ599. 1. ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ, ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϏϢϱϡϳϩϭϲЀ ϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫ «ϰϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ» (ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϩ, ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩ ϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϦ. ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϡ: ϮϦϢϦϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϯϨϤϡ ϩ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ – ϥϡϿϳ ϴϨϫϩϦ ϫϯϱϩϥϯϱϼ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϴЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϣϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ, ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϭ, ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϰϱϩϬϡϤϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϲ϶ϯϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ. ϐϯ ςϱϡϪϡϮϴ ςϡϬϽϵϴϱϴ ϩ ϋϦϮϴ ϑϴϥϩϮϴ, ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϱϡϥϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϨϡϭϡϮϸϩϣϡЀ ϬϯϣϴϹϫϡ, Ϯϯ ϯϮϩ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳ ϢϬϦϲϳЀϺϩϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ600. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϮϦ ϴϳϯϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϭϡϲϲϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϳϦ϶ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶, ϸϳϯ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ), ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ (ϱϩϲ. 5-8 ϩ 5-9) ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ Ϯϡ ϸЂϭ-ϳϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ, ϣϼϸϬϦϮϩϣ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϩϣ ϦϤϯ ϩϨ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϩ϶ (ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶) ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϩ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ. ρ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϰϦϱϦϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ (ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϦ), ϤϩϰϦϱ-ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϸЂϭ-ϬϩϢϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϱϯϸϮϯϭ, ϱϡϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ (ϰϯϥϮϩϭϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ). 599 ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬ ό., τϱϾϭ ϋ., ϋϩϰϬϩϮϤ ϑ. ρϬϩϲϡ ϣ ϒϳϱϡϮϦ ϘϴϥϦϲ. ρϬϩϲϡ ϣ ψϡϨϦϱϫϡϬϽϦ. σϦϳϦϱ ϣ ϩϣϡ϶. ύϡϴϤϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / σϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω. ϓϯϫϭϡϫϯϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϡϣϥϡ, 1991. – 544 ϲ. – ϒ. 59–60. 600 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Balfour B. How You Battle the «Data Wheel of Death» in Growth [ϋϡϫ ϣϼ ϢϯϱϦϳϦϲϽ ϲ «ϋϯϬϦϲϯϭ ϲϭϦϱϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶» ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϱϯϲϳϡ] // <https://brianbalfour.com/essays/growth-data-mistakes>. – 04.04.2017. § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 289 ϑϩϲ. 5-8. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϦ (ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϭϯϭ ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ ϫϡϫ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ) ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧЂϮ ϵϱϡϮϷϴϨϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϯϤ ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮϡ – ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ l’Hexagone Balard). ϑϩϲ. 5-9. ϕϯϫϴϲϯϣ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϢϱϡϮϯ ϥϣϡ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ (ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧЂϮ ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮ ϒϙρ). 290 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ «σϡϧϮϯϦ» – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϣϬϦϸЂϳ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϮϦϸϳϯ ϣϦϲϯϭϯϦ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ, ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ. «ϒϱϯϸϮϯϦ» – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϥϡϣϩϳ Ϯϡ Ϯϡϲ ϩ ϰϱϩϮϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϫ ϮϦϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭ601. σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ «ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ» («ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ») ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϩϸϮϯ – «ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϳϽϲЀ», «ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ», «ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ “ϸϦϱϦϨ ϲϳϣϯϱ ϰϱϩϷϦϬϡ”», «ϴϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϴ», «ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ», «ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ». (ϕϯϫϴϲ-Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ, ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ, ϵϯϫϴϲϮϯϦ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ – ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϢ ϩϮϯϭ, ϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϫϡϲϡϳϽϲЀ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϮϦ ϲϳϡϮϦϭ). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, «ϰϯϥϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϮϡϹϦϤϯ ϭϯϨϤϡ Ϯϡ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϰϯϧϡϬϴϪ, ϣϦϱϮϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϽ ϲ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϤϬϡϨ. ψϱϦϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϴϲϳϱϯϦϮϯ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϸЂϳϫϯ. ϏϢ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ϶ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϫϴϲϦ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϤϱϡϮϩ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϤϥϦ ϯϮϩ ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϣϩϥϮϼ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϸЂϳϫϯ. ϓϯϸϮϯ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϭϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϦϭ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ. ψϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϯϡ ϤϱϡϮϩ ϮϡϹϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ… ϋϯϤϥϡ ϩϭϦϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϢϴϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϭϯϨϤϡ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ, ϭϼ ϥϦϬϡϦϭ ϴϲϩϬϩϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϳϯ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϦ. ώϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϩ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϩϭϦϦϳϲЀ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ ϫ ϢϬϴϧϥϡϮϩϿ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϩ Ϯϡϭ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϫ ϲϳϯЀϺϦϭϴ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϡϭϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ»602. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϬϯϥ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯϬϦϣϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ). ςϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϦϿ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ603 ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϦЂ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. 601 ϋϯϣϩ ϒ., υϧϯϮϲ ϒ. ϕϯϫϴϲ: υϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2011. – 163 ϲ. – ϒ. 29. 602 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 143–144, 128. 603 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 753. § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 291 σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϵϯϫϴϲ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮ ϭϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϸЂϭ, ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϩ ϱϯϥϡ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: Ϯϡ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϩϤϮϡϬϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϥϦϳϡϬЀ϶ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ (ϰϬϡϮϡ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϥϯϮϦϲϦϮϩЀ), Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡ϶ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϣϼ϶ ϳϯϸϫϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϱϩϲϫϡ϶ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳЀ϶ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ϩ ϳ.ϰ. ϏϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ, ϰϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϋϡϱϬϡ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϡ, – ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ, ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϽ «ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϴϲϯϱ» (ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ, ϯϳϣϬϦϫϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϯЀϲϮϦϮϩϿ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ) ϩ ϩϨϬϩϹϦϲϳϣϡ, ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ Ϯϡ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩϩ604. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ605. ωϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϦ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ. ώϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϩ ϮϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ (ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶) Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϯϪϡ, «ϰϱϩ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ ϮϡϹϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ, ϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϡЀ ϥϦϳϡϬϽ. ύϼ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϣϡϦϭϲЀ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ, ϭϼ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϭ Ϯϡ ϮϦϪ ϲϣϯЂ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϥϦϬϡϦϭ Ϯϡ ϮϦЂ ϴϰϯϱ, ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϭ ϦЂ ϩϨ ϦЂ ϯϫϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ – ϯϥϮϩϭ ϲϬϯϣϯϭ, ϩϨϯϬϩϱϴϦϭ ϦЂ. ψϡϳϦϭ ϲϣϦϳϯϣϯϦ ϰЀϳϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϣϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ [ϭϼ ϰϦϱϦϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϭϲЀ] ϩ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϥϱϴϤϴϿ ϥϦϳϡϬϽ – ϭϼ ϩϨϯϬϩϱϴϦϭ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϥϦϳϡϬϽ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ϐϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϴϸϦϮ ϱЀϥ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϡ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϡЀ ϩ϶ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϮϯϣϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϣϲϿ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ. σ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, ϰϯϲϬϦ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ “ϯϢϱϡϨ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ” (ϡϮϤϬ. – “appearance of the whole”; ϵϱϡϮϷ. – “vue d’ensemble”) ϭϯϤ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽϲЀ. ϋϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϱϯϬϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϬϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϮϯϣϴϿ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϡϱϭϯϮϩϸϮϴϿ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϿ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ»606. 604 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 170–172. 605 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 34. 606 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 252. 292 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ 3. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϯϮϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., «ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ “ϬϩϮϨϼ”, ϸϦϱϦϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩϭϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϬϯϭϬЀϦϳϲЀ, – Ͼϳϩ “ϬϩϮϨϼ” ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϰϯϥ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ: ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ (ϯϢϱϡϨϼ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ), ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ. ϓϦϱϭϩϮϼ “ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ” ϩ “ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ” ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϨϡϭϦϮЀϦϭϯ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ “ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ”, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϡ ϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ, ϸϦϭ “ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ”. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϱϡϨϴϭ»607. ϑϡϲϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϣ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϩϨ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϪ ϣ ϭϴϧϲϫϯϭ ϩ ϧϦϮϲϫϯϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϡϭ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϪ ϴϸϦϢϮϼϪ ϵϩϬϽϭ. υϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϽϦϱ ϫϯϭϮϡϳϼ, ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϳϯϬ, Ϯϡ ϮЂϭ ϲϣϡϥϦϢϮϡЀ ϵϯϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ, ϢϴϭϡϤϩ, ϦϺЂ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ. ϒϩϥЀϺϡЀ Ϩϡ ϲϳϯϬϯϭ ϧϦϮϺϩϮϡ ϥϯϲϳϡЂϳ ϩϨ ЀϺϩϫϡ ϲϳϯϬϡ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϨϦϬЂϮϴϿ ϹϫϡϳϴϬϫϴ, ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϦϳ ϦЂ ϩ ϣϼϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ (ϨϱϩϳϦϬϿ ϮϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϳϡϫ ϫϡϫ ϫϡϭϦϱϡ ϴ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ), ϥϯϬϤϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϩϳ Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ, ϳϩ϶ϯ ϣϲ϶ϬϩϰϼϣϡϦϳ, ϢϦϱЂϳ ϲϣϡϥϦϢϮϯϦ ϵϯϳϯ ϩ ϫϬϡϥЂϳ ϦϤϯ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϣϮϩϨ... σϥϱϴϤ, ϣ Ͼϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ Ϩϡ ϥϣϦϱϽϿ ϫϯϭϮϡϳϼ ϲϬϼϹϮϼ ϹϡϤϩ ϩ Ϩϣϴϸϩϳ ϭϴϧϲϫϯϪ ϤϯϬϯϲ: «υϯϱϯϤϡЀ! ϓϼ ϳϡϭ?» χϦϮϺϩϮϡ ϰϯϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϴϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϣ ϹϫϡϳϴϬϫϴ, ϰϱЀϸϦϳ ϦЂ ϣ ЀϺϩϫ ϲϳϯϬϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϨϡϰϩϱϡϦϳ, ϲϳϡϣϩϳ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ ϵϯϳϯ. σ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϭϴϧ. ψϡϳϦϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϫϡϥϱϦ, ϫϯϮϦϷ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ. ϐϯϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϲϭϯϳϱϡ ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϯϲϩϬϩ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϱЀϥ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϰϯ ϵϩϬϽϭϴ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ: «Ϙϳϯ ϰϱЀϸϦϳ ϤϦϱϯϩϮЀ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ ϯϳ ϭϴϧϡ?». ϏϳϣϦϳϼ ϧϦϮϲϫϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ – ϯϳ ϣϦϱϲϩϩ ϯ «ϣϯϲϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϩ ϯ ϰϦϱϣϯϪ ϬϿϢϣϩ» ϥϯ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϲϭϦϬϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϯ «ϲϦϫϱϦϳϮϯϭ ϭϩϫϱϯϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϱϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϮϡ ϣϼϫϱϡϬϡ ϴ ϭϴϧϡ – ϱϡϥϩ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϳϱϡϮϼ ϩ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ Ϯϡϱϯϥϡ». υϦϣЀϮϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϯϣ ϭϴϧϸϩϮ-ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϡϬϩ ϯϳϣϦϳ: ϨϦϬЂϮϡЀ ϹϫϡϳϴϬϫϡ608. ψϥϦϲϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϩ ϯ ϳϯϭ, Ϯϡ ϸЂϭ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣϼ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϦϲϽ… Ϗϰϼϳ ϣ ϯϳϳϡϸϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ («ϰϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ») ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϦϮ. υϴϤϬϡϲ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮ ϱϦϨϯϮϮϯ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «Ϗϰϼϳ ϲϡϭ, ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϨϡϺϩϳϯϪ ϯϳ ϯϢϼϸϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, 607 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 4. 608 ϑϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϭϴϧϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϧϦϮϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ // <http://thebusinesscourier.co.uk/razlichiya-muzhskogo-i-zhenskogo-myshleniya/>. § 5.5. ϕϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 293 ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ», ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, «ϮϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϦ, ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ»609. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ρ.ρ. ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϴ: ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϮϦϳ ϢϦϨ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ610. σϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϳϩϰϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯϪ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮЀϿϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϦ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϱϩϲ. 5-10). ϑϩϲ. 5-10. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϳϩϰϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. ϔϭϦϮϩϦ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϩ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϪ, ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ. 609 MacEachin D. Foreword // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. x–xi. 610 ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ). ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύτϏϔ, 2009. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 168. 294 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϋϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϬ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϭϲЀ ϰϱϯϦϷϩϱϯϣϡϬϩ Ϯϡ ϾϫϱϡϮ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϼϸϮϼ϶, ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϣ, ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ ϢϼϬϩ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϼ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϬϩϲϽ ϣ ϵϯϫϴϲ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϲϴϭϦϿϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩ϶ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϬ ϥϣϦ ϣϦϺϩ. 1. ϓϦ, ϫϳϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϬ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, ϩϲϰϼϳϼϣϡϬϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲ ϩ϶ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϬϩϲϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϩϭϩ, ϸϦϭ ϳϦ, ϫϳϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϬ ϰϱϯϲϭϯϳϱ Ϯϡ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϯϪ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ. υϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϯϲϳϽ, ϳϦϭ ϸЂϳϸϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϨϥϮϦϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϬϿϥϩ ϲϭϯϤϬϩ ϦЂ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϳϽ. 2. ϘϦϭ ϥϯϬϽϹϦ ϬϿϥϩ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϬϩ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϭϼϳϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ, ϳϦϭ ϸЂϳϸϦ ϯϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϳϡϳϽ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϳϽ611. ϏϰЀϳϽ ϧϦ, ϲϳϩϬϽ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϳϡϬϡϮϳϼ ϩ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩϦ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϯϢϱϡϨϼ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϩϣϼϸϫϩ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ, – ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϬϩЀϦϳ Ϯϡ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩЀ (ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ) ϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. φϲϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. σ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ υϾϣϩϥ ϏϭϡϮϥ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ «ϲϬϦϰϯϳϯϪ ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ»: «ϒϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ [ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϣϹϩϲϽ] – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϯϦ, ϸϳϯ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ. ϒϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ (ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϡЀ ϫϡϫ ϾϵϵϦϫϳ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ) ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϮϼϭ Ϯϡ ϨϡϥϡϸϦ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϴϭϦϦϳϦ ϨϡϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ [ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϡ ϳϯ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϯϤϯ] ϣϯϫϱϴϤ ϣϡϲ»612. ϐϯ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϴ, ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳ («ϵϯϫϴϲϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ»), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϢϩϱϡϿϳ «ϴϥϯϢϮϼϦ» ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϡ «ϮϦϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ» – ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳ ϩ ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϢϦϨ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ613. ω ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ – ϰϱЀϭϯϪ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡϭ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. ϋ ϾϳϯϪ ϳϦϭϦ ϭϼ ϦϺЂ ϣϦϱϮЂϭϲЀ. 611 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 13–14. 612 ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 147 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). 613 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϬϤϦϢϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϒϦϫϱϦϳϼ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϡϫϩ, 2015. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 240, 243. § 5.6. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 295 § 5.6. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ «ϒϦϱϥϷϦϣϩϮϡ» ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϪϳϩ ϥϯ ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϯϪ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ Ͼϳϴ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϨϡϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ614. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϥϯϬϤϯϤϯ ϩ ϴϰϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ615. ϏϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡ «ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ» – «ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϲϳϩ (ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϽ) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ»616. σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ» ϩ «ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «crystallization», «crystallizing») ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϸϩϲϳϼ϶ ϳϣЂϱϥϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ (ϸϡϲϳϩϷ), ϰϱϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϳϣЂϱϥϡЀ ϵϡϨϡ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϭϡϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϳϣϯϱϡ, ϱϡϲϰϬϡϣϡ ϩϬϩ ϤϡϨϡ. Ϟϳϯϭϴ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϴϰϯϥϯϢϩϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ «ϲϼϱϼϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ» (ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ) ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϰϯ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ – ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϪ, ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «substratum», «essence») ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ (ϲϯϸϦϳϡЀ ϩ϶, ϰϦϱϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀЀ, ϫϯϱϱϦϬϩϱϴЀ, ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϲϴϢϯϱϥϩϮϩϱϴЀ ϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ), ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯ ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩϿ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϢϦϲϵϯϱϭϦϮϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϶ϡϯϳϩϸϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ – ϣ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϼ. σϦϥϽ ϰϱϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩЀ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϡϦϳϲЀ617. ρ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϩ ϨϡϮЀϳ ϮϦϤϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ (ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩϦϭ) ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϥϳϩ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ (ϰϱϩ ϲϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϩ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ), Ϯϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϩϥЂϳ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϬϮϡϭϩ, ϩϭϦЀ ϲϣϯϿ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ. ϒϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϥϦϥϴϫϷϩϩ (ϣ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ – ϩϮϥϴϫϷϩϩ), ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϱ. ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ, ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ (ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϴϧϦ ϰϱϯϹϦϥϹϩ϶ 614 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 64, 153. 615 ρϫϯϵϵ ϑ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1982. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 128. 616 ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: σ 4-϶ ϳ./ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮ-ϳ ϱϴϲ. ЀϨ.; ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϐ. φϣϤϦϮϽϦϣϯϪ. 3-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰ. ϓ. 2: ϋ – Ϗ. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ, 1986. – 736 ϲ. – ϒ. 130. 617 σϯϬϽϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮ ύ.σ. ϐϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϫϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1972. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 55. 296 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϴϿ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϴ ϩ ϰϱϦϥ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ) ϲ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ Ϯϡ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶ (ϮϦЀϣϮϼ϶ ϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶, ϮϦ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ϶) ϩ ϲϴϢϬϩϭϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϮϩϧϦ ϰϯϱϯϤϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, Ϯϡ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ (Ϯϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϩϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ) ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϼϦ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦ ϸЂϳϫϩ϶ ϯϸϦϱϳϡϮϩϪ. ώϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ (ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϣϯϬϮϯϪ) ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϢϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ (ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶) ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ (ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ) ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϦϮϩϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ ϯϮϩ ϢϼϬϩ, ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϼ ϣ ϲϣЂϱϳϫϩ, ϣ ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϼϦ, «ϾϫϯϮϯϭϮϼϦ» ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϲϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ЂϭϫϯϲϳϽϿ, ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϭϼϲϬϡϭϩ. Ϟϳϯ – Ͼϳϡϰ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϯϲϱϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-11). ϑϩϲ. 5-11. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϥϦϪ: ϲϮϩϨϴ ϣϣϦϱ϶ – ϯϳ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϫ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϭ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡϭ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ (ϩϥϦϪ, ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϥϡϬϦϦ ϫ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϫ «ϲϹϩϣϡϮϩϿ» Ͼϳϩ϶ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϣ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϴϿ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ. § 5.6. ϋϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 297 ωϭϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϫϡϫϡЀ-ϳϯ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϡЀ ϥϦϳϡϬϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϣЀϨϽ (ϲϷϦϰϫϡ), ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϦ (ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ) ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ, ϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϯϲϣϦϳϩϣϹϡЀ ϳЂϭϮϴϿ ϫϯϭϮϡϳϴ ϣϲϰϼϹϫϡ ϲϣϦϳϡ, ϲϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϮϯ ϥϦϬϡϿϳ ЀϲϮϯϪ (ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϣϮϦϹϮϩ϶ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϡ϶ ϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ϶) ϩϲϫϯϭϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϦЂ ϸϡϲϳϽ, ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϦЂ ϥϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ, ϱϡϲϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϣϲЂ Ϯϡ ϭϦϲϳϡ (ϣ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶ – «σϲЂ, ϥϯ ϭϦϮЀ ϥϯϹϬϯ!», «Ϡ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ-ϳϯ, ϰϯϮЀϬ, ϴ ϭϦϮЀ ϣϲЂ ϲϬϯϧϩϬϯϲϽ!»). ϋϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϱϼϣϫϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ. υϡϬϦϦ ϯϳϳϯϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϾϳϡϰϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϢϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ («ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϼ» ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ», ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϯ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ, ϥϯϳϡϸϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ (ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϥϯϰϱϯЀϲϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϡ϶ ϩ ϣ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ). σϼЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ «ϴϮϩϫϡϬϩϩ» ϩ «ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϩϩ» (ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϩ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ). ψϥϦϲϽ ϳϯϧϦ ϱϦϸϽ ϯ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡ϶, Ϯϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ, ϸϦϭ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ, ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϯϳ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ. ϐϯ φ.ϐ. ώϩϫϩϳϩϮϴ, «ϰϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϣϲϦ϶ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϡЀ “ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϯϳϲϸЂϳϡ”. ϏϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϩϬϩ (ϰϱϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϼϪ. ϒϴϢϲϳϱϡϳ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϤϯϭϯϤϦϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϯϥϮϯϪ “ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϯϳϲϸЂϳϡ”, ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϤϦϳϦϱϯϤϦϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ. ϓϡϫ, ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϤϯϭϯϤϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϭϯϬϦϫϴϬЀϱϮϯϪ “ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϯϳϲϸЂϳϡ” ϩ ϤϦϳϦϱϯϤϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϡϳϯϭϡϱϮϯϪ. ρϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϢϲϳϯϩϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϩ ϲ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯϲϳϽϿ [ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶] ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ»618. ω ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϴϧϦ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ «ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶» ϩ ϲϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϩϥϦϪ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ (ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ) ϾϳϡϰϮϼϪ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϪ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. ρϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯ-ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ, ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩЀ, ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ «ϲϧϡϳϼ϶», ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼ϶619 ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ, ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ (ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ), ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϼϥϡϸϡ ϩ϶ ϣ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ. ω Ͼϳϯϳ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϰϩϲϡϮ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ϶ ϲ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϩ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϦ ϱϦϸϽ ϹϬϡ 618 ώϩϫϩϳϩϮ φ.ϐ. ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1981. – 177 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 619 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 298 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϯϢ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ (Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϯϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϭϴϲϯϱϯϭ, ϮϦϳ, ϨϥϦϲϽ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯϢ ϴϧϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ϶). ω ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϦϭϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϦ ϴϱϯϣϮϩ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ, ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϡϭϩ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϣ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶ «ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϼ», «ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϩ». ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϞϮϳϯϮϩ τϩϥϥϦϮϲϴ, «ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ, ϲϱϯϥϮϩ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϴ ϩϬϩ ϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϿ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϭϡ, ϩϬϩ ϫϡϱϫϡϲϴ ϨϥϡϮϩЀ»620. σϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ (ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ) ϩ ϰϱϯϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϳϯϧϦ ϲϱϯϥϮϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϲϳЂϫϬϡ϶, Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳЀ϶) (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-12). ϑϩϲ. 5-12. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϴϱϼ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϩ «ϲϩϬϯϣϼϦ ϮϦϲϴϺϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ» (ϯϲϳϯϣ) ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡ. ϏϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϪ ϣϫϱϡϳϷϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ. 620 τϩϥϥϦϮϲ Ϟ. ϔϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ: ϏϸϦϱϫ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡϷϩϩ. – ύ.: ρϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϳ, 2018. – 528 ϲ. – ϒ. 58. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 299 § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ύϯϭϦϮϳ ϳϣϯϱϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϴϬϯϣϩϭ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ… ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϯϱ ϐϡϱϫϦϱ ϔϩϬϲϯϮ (ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϡ τϩϱϡ) ϣ ϵϩϬϽϭϦ 2009 Ϥϯϥϡ «ϖϡϳϩϫϯ: ϒϡϭϼϪ ϣϦϱϮϼϪ ϥϱϴϤ» ϱϦϧϩϲϲЂϱϡ όϡϲϲϦ ϖϡϬϬϽϲϳϱЂϭϡ. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «ϋϡϫ ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϦ ϩϥϦϩ?» – ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϤϬϴϰ, ϫϡϫ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ. υϧϦϪϭϲ ϔϾϢϢ ϠϮϤ. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ621. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϏϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϴϳϦϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ – ϴϸϩϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «producing ideas») ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical judgment») ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϢϴϸϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϯ, ϸЂϳϫϯ, ЀϲϮϯ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϯ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ622 ϷϦϮϮϼϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϮϯϣϡϳϯϱϲϫϩϦ) ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ Ϯϡϣϼϫ, ϫϬϿϸϦϣϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ υϧϦϪϭϲ ϔϾϢϢ ϠϮϤ, ϮϦϲϯϭϮϦϮϮϯ, ϣϼ ϣϩϥϦϬϩ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ, ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϩϥϦϩ (ϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ, ϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ, ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ) ϰϱЀϭϯ «ϩϨ ϤϯϬϯϣϼ», ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϣϼ ϣϩϥϦϬϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ͼϳϡϰ – «Ϟϣϱϩϫϡ! ϔ ϭϦϮЀ Ͼϳϯ ϳϦϰϦϱϽ ϦϲϳϽ!» ώϯ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϣϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϩϥϦϬϩ ϰϬϯϥϼ ϥϯϬϤϯϪ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ, ϣϦϥϴϺϦϪ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϴϭ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϯϲϮϡϺЂϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ ϣ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϸϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϫ ϳϡϫϯϭϴ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯϭϴ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϩϥϦϪ623. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϣϦϱϹϩϮϡ ϡϪϲϢϦϱϤϡ – ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϼϦ ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϦϲϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϣϩϥϩϭϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϯϳ ϯϲϳϡϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϮϦϨϡϭϦϳϮϼϭ (ϩϬϩ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ) ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ, ϨϡϳϱϡϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ 621 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 12. 622 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 623 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 60. 300 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ, ϨϡϳϱϡϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ (ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϭ) Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϳϦϭ, ϫϦϭ ϯϮ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϫϯϬϯϲϲϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϰϼϳϯϭ (ϥϡϿϺϩϭ ϸϴϳϽЂ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϿ) ϩ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ. 2. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ σ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ (ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ) ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϳϡϬϯ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ624 ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϖϡϮϮϦ ρϱϦϮϥϳ, «ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ… ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϯϦ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϰϱϦϢϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϭϩϱϦ»625. ϐϯ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϥϬЀ ϨϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϯϣ ϣ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶, ϯϮϯ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϼϣϫϯϣϼϪ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ («ϲϫϡϸϯϫ») ϯϳ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϫ (ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ) ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϭϴ. ϒϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϖϯϳЀ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ Ͼϳϡ ϷϦϬϽ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϥϫϯ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ (ϲϳϡϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϬϴϸϹϩϭϩ ϩϨ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϡϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ Ϧϭϴ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϦϬϯ, – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϣϼ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϳϦϫϴϺϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϩ, ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϲ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼϭϩ, ϮϦϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϕϴϮϫϷϩϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϣϼ϶ϯϥ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ626. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϥϦϦϪ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϩϥϦϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϥϦϪ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦϪ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ Ϧϭϴ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϑϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϩϭϦϿϺϡЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϡЀ ϫ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ. 624 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ρϱϦϮϥϳ X. ύϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϯϹϬϼϭ ϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϭ. σϯϲϦϭϽ ϴϰϱϡϧϮϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. υ. ρϱϯϮϲϯϮϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ τϡϪϥϡϱϡ, 2014. – 416 ϲ. – ϒ. 326. 626 Heuer, jr. R.J. Strategies for Analytical Judgment [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1981. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 2. – P. 65–78. – P. 65. 625 § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 301 ϑϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϸϩϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϳϦϭϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϫ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϮϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϼ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ. σϡϧϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ. 3. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϋϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϩϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ (ϫϡϫ ϭϮϯϤϯϤϱϡϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ) – Ͼϳϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩϥϦЀ, ϫϡϫ «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϰϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϭϩϱϡ ϣ ϭϼϲϬϩ»627, ϫϡϫ «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϡЀ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϦϤϯ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ»628. «σϲЂ ϥϦϬϯ ϣ ϭϼϲϬЀ϶. ύϼϲϬϽ – ϮϡϸϡϬϯ ϣϲϦϤϯ. ω ϭϼϲϬЀϭϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ. ω ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϥϦϬϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ Ϯϡϥ ϭϼϲϬЀϭϩ», – ϰϩϲϡϬ ό.ώ. ϓϯϬϲϳϯϪ629. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ (ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϮϩϿ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ) ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ, ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡЀ ϩϨ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡЀ, ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϳϯϱϮϯ ϲϯϸϦϳϡЀ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡЀ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, ϮϦϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϼ, ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ (ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶) ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϭ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ («ϸϳϯ» ϩϬϩ «ϫϳϯ», «ϰϯϸϦϭϴ», «ϤϥϦ», «ϫϯϤϥϡ», «ϫϡϫ»), Ϯϡ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϫϯϮϮϯϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϡ, Ϯϡ ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϩ, Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡ. ϑϡϢϯϳϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϢϦϨ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦϭϼϲϬϩϭϡ, ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϡ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ Ϩϡ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ, ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϯϪϡ, «Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϣϼ ϱϦϹϡϦϳϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϫϱϯϭϮϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϡ ϢϱϯϲϡϦϳ ϣϼϨϯϣ ϣϡϹϦϪ ϬϿϢϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϣϡϲ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϩ ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϱϦϹϡϦϳϦ ϦЂ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϩϬϡϭϩ, ϳϯ ϣϼ ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϩϲϰϼϳϡϳϽ ϣϦϥϴϺϦϦ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ ϮϡϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϦ ϴϭϡ ϩ ϮϡϲϬϡϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϱϡϥϯϲϳϽϿ [ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ] ϰϯϢϦϥϼ… ωϥϦЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯ. ωϬϩ ϯϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣϥϱϴϤ, ϣ ϯϥϩϮ ϭϩϤ, ϰϯϲϬϦ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, 627 ϏϤϴϱϷϯϣ ρ.ϐ. ωϥϦЀ // ώϯϣϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ: σ 4 ϳ. / ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ϑρώ, ώϡϷ. ϯϢϺ.-ϮϡϴϸϮ. ϵϯϮϥ; ώϡϴϸϮϯ-ϱϦϥ. ϲϯϣϦϳ: σ.ϒ. ϒϳϦϰϩϮ, ρ.ρ. τϴϲϦϪϮϯϣ, τ.ϟ. ϒϦϭϩϤϩϮ, ρ.ϐ. ϏϤϴϱϷϯϣ. ϓ. 2. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 2010. – 638 ϲ. – ϒ. 83. 628 ϋϯϰϮϩϮ ϐ.σ. ωϥϦЀ // ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ: σ 5 ϳ. / τϬ. ϱϦϥ. ϕ.σ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣ / ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ. ϓ. 2. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ, 1962. – 576 ϲ. – ϒ. 234–237. – ϒ. 234. 629 ϓϯϬϲϳϯϪ ό.ώ. ϐϯϬϮϯϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩϪ: ϓ. 41: ϋϱϴϤ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ: ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ όϽϣϯϭ ϓϯϬϲϳϼϭ, ϭϼϲϬϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϯϢ ϩϲϳϩϮϦ, ϧϩϨϮϩ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ 1904–1908 / ϓ. 1. – ύ.: ϖϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϡ, 1957. – 610 ϲ. – ϒ. 559. 302 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϢϦϨϴϲϰϦϹϮϼ϶ ϰϯϰϼϳϯϫ ϩ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϪ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϮϡϨϯϣЂϭ ϦЂ “ϢϬϦϲϳЀϺϦϪ ϩϥϦϦϪ”»630. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϳϡϬϡϮϳ ϮϦϱϡϨϱϼϣϦϮ ϲϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ (ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ), ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϧϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ, ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼ϶, ϱϡϨϮϯϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ ύϾϮ ϒϴϮ, ύϩϮ϶ϯϮϤ σϡϮ ϩ ϥϱ., ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϥϦϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ – ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ Ͼϳϡϰϡϭϩ: 1) ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «divergent thinking»), ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϿ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϡ ϩϥϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϩ 2) ϫϯϮϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «convergent thinking»), ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϯϳϢϯϱ ϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. Ϟϳϩ ϥϣϡ Ͼϳϡϰϡ ϮϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϼ, ϡ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, ϩϮϳϦϱϲϦϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ; ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϥϬЀ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϭ ϰϱϦϥϣϦϲϳϮϩϫϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϰϱϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩϥϦϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϴϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϨϭϦϱЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ (ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical fluency»), ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ (ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϲϰϦϫϳϱϡ ϩϥϦϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical flexibility») ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϳϱϩϣϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶, Ϯϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical originality»). υϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ «ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯ», ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϬϿϥϦϪ. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϬϦϧϡϺϩϪ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϡϫϳϩϣϡϷϩϿ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϥϯϬϤϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ631. 630 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ϋϡϫ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ύ. τϡϪϥϴϫϡ. – ύ.: ϔϸϰϦϥϤϩϨ, 1959. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 5, 18. 631 Sun M., Wang M., Wegerif R., Peng J. How do students generate ideas together in scientific creativity tasks through computer-based mind mapping? [ϋϡϫ ϲϳϴϥϦϮϳϼ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϯ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϩϥϦϩ ϣ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ϶ ϰϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭϴ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϴ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϤϯ mind mapping?] // Computers & Education. – 2022, January. – Vol. 176. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 303 ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ υϧϦϪϭϲϡ ϔϾϢϢϡ ϠϮϤϡ, «ϩϥϦЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ»632. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ύϡϱϫϴ ϓϣϦϮϴ: «σϦϥϽ ϰϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴ ϣϲϦ ϩϥϦϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϩϨ ϣϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϴϫ), ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϢϦϲϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϸϦϱϰϮϴϳϼϭϩ ϩϨ ϭϩϬϬϩϯϮϡ ϣϮϦϹϮϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϩ ϦϧϦϥϮϦϣϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϦϭ ϲ ϤϯϱϥϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦϭ, ϰϯϱϯϧϥЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ, ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϯϮ ϩ϶ ϰϯϱϯϥϩϬ»633. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ-ϳϡϫϩ, ϨϡϭϦϳϩϭ, ЀϣϮϯ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ «ϳЀϮϦϳ» Ϯϡ ϩϥϦϿ, Ͼϳϯ ЀϣϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ. ςϬϦϨ ϐϡϲϫϡϬϽ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ϐϴϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, ϸϳϯ Ѐ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ, ϲϡϭϯ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ Ϯϯϣϯ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϩϤϱϡϿϳ ϣ ϭЀϸ, ϯϢϡ ϩϤϱϯϫϡ ϢϱϯϲϡϿϳ ϯϥϩϮ ϩ ϳϯϳ ϧϦ ϭЀϸϩϫ, Ϯϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϢϱϯϲϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϳϯϸϮϦϦ. ϑϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϩ ϰϴϲϳϽ ϭϮϦ ϲϫϡϧϴϳ, ϸϳϯ Ѐ ϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϲϽ ϲϳϡϱϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ. ω ϫϡϫ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϳ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϩ϶ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϩϮϡϸϦ, ϳϡϫ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϰϱϩ ϩϮϯϭ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϳ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ»634. ϘϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϯϨϤ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϲϯϣϲϦϭ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ, ϫϡϫ, ϰϯϬϯϧϩϭ, ϶ϯϳϦϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ: ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϯϳϣϬϦϫϡϦϭϲЀ Ϯϡ ϸϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϸϦϤϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ (ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ ϣ «ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯϭ ϥϱϦϪϵϦ») ϥϡЂϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϩϱϯϲϳϡ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϯϫ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϴϨϫϡЀ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϮϡЀ ϲϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϸϦϭ-ϬϩϢϯ, ϴϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϺϡЀ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϮϡϦϨϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϬϦϦ. ω ϭϦϧϥϴ ϴϲϣϯϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ (ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ) ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϱϡϨϱϼϣ. ϑϯϮϡϬϽϥ ϕϩϮϫϦ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϦ ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭ «ϫϯϮϲϦϱϣϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϭϯϭ», ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϮϯϭ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩϩ ϴϧϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ «ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϭ» ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ635. ϗϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϭϴϳ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϲ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳЂϱϳϼϭϩ ϯϢϻЀϳϩЀϭϩ. ώϯϢϦϬϦϣϲϫϩϪ ϬϡϴϱϦϡϳ ϰϯ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϦ 2003 Ϥϯϥϡ ϐϯϬ όϯϳϦϱϢϴϱ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϬ: «σϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϣϲϿ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϿ Ϯϡϴϫϩ Ϩϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩϦ 50 ϬϦϳ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϲϳϡϳϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϫϡϨϡϬϩϲϽ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϳϽ ϴ ϲϦϢЀ 632 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 36. 633 Delphi Complete Works of Mark Twain. 9 ed. – Hastings (United Kingdom): Delphi Classics, 2013. 634 ϐϡϲϫϡϬϽ ς. ύϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ., ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳϡϳϽЀ, ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϟ.ρ. τϩϮϨϢϴϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϭ. ϒϡϢϡϹϮϩϫϯϣϼ϶, 1995. – 480 ϲ. – ϒ. 271. 635 Finke R.A. Creative Realism [ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϭ] // The creative cognition approach [ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϿ] / Edited by Steven M. Smith, Thomas B. Ward and Ronald A. Finke. – Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): MIT Press, 1995. 304 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϼ Science ϩϬϩ Nature»636. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϷϦϮϮϴϿ ϩϥϦϿ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϨϡϺϩϺϡϳϽ, ϯϳϲϳϡϩϣϡϳϽ, ϥϡϧϦ «ϰϱϯϥϡϣϬϩϣϡϳϽ». ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϮϡϨϱϦϬϯ, ϩ ϳϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ. ϐϯ ϑϯϢϦϱϳϴ ύЂϱϳϯϮϴ, «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϹϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ, Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϧϦ ϨϡϭϦϹϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, ϫϡϫ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϳϯϬϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϳϯϬϰϦ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫϯϭ»637. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥ ϷϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϱϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϰϱϯϩϲϳϦϫϡϦϳ ϩϨ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯϲϦϮϦϮϩЀ638. ω, ϰϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ρ.φ. ϋϡϳϫϯϣϡ, ϩϥϦЀ, ϰϱϩϹϦϥϹϡЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϯϲϦϮϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϲϭϴϳϮϯϭ, ϮϦЀϲϮϯϭ, ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϥϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϩ Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϦϱϫϴ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϦϮϮϯϪ. σϲϦϤϥϡ Ϭϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϱϯϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ (ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ) ϲϰϯϮϳϡϮϮϯ, ϩϬϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϥϳϯϬϫϮϴϳϽ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϰϯϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϿ? φϲϳϽ Ϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ? ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϾϣϩϥϴ ςϴϱϫϴϲϴ, «ϭϩϵ ϯϢ ϯϨϡϱϦϮϩϩ ϩϥϦϦϪ ϮϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϡϦϳ, ϫϡϫ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϡ… σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϭϩϵϦ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡ ϯϨϡϱϦϮϩЀ. ώϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϯ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ, ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϣϦϥϽ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϳ? ώϡϣϦϱϮЀϫϡ, ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϨϱϦϮϩϦ – ϩ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϥϡϱϡϭϩ ϰϡϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ЀϢϬϯϫ ϩ ϣϯϥϯϪ, ϣϼϬϩϣϹϦϪϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬ ϩϨ ϣϡϮϮϼ»639. ωϥϦЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϲϰϯϮϳϡϮϮϯ, ϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϳϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-13. ω ϣϯϳ ϥϬЀ ϣϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϮϴϧϮϼ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϼ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϥϳϯϬϫϮϴϳϽ ϫ ϨϡϱϯϧϥϦϮϩϿ ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϰϯ ϰϦϱϣϯϭϴ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϴ, Ͼϳϩ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϼ ϳϯϧϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ. 636 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Wade N. American and Briton Win Nobel for Using Chemists' Test for M.R.I.'s [ρϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϦϷ ϩ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϦϷ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬϩ ώϯϢϦϬϦϣϲϫϴϿ ϰϱϦϭϩϿ Ϩϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϳϦϲϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ύϑϓ] // The New York Times. – 07.10.2003. <https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/07/us/american-and-briton-win-nobel-for-usingchemists-test-for-mri-s.html?sec=health>. 637 ύϦϱϳϯϮ ϑ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ. – ύ.: ρϒϓ ύϯϲϫϣϡ, 2006. – 874 ϲ. – ϒ. 32. 638 ωϱϩϮϡ σ.ϑ., ώϯϣϩϫϯϣ ρ.ρ. σ ϭϩϱϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1978. – 192 ϲ. – ϒ. 182–183. 639 ςϴϱϫϴϲ υ. ύϴϨϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϥЂϳ: ϐϱϡϣϥϡ ϩ ϭϩϵϼ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϱϯϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϤϦϮϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2015. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 26. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 305 ϑϩϲ. 5-13. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϩ. ϐϯ ςϬϦϨϴ ϐϡϲϫϡϬϿ, «ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳ ϲϦϢЀ. ψϦϱϮϯ, ϢϱϯϹϦϮϮϯϦ ϣ ϶ϯϱϯϹϴϿ ϨϦϭϬϿ, ϰϱϯϱϡϲϳϡϦϳ. ύϼϲϬϽ, ϢϱϯϹϦϮϮϡЀ ϣ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϴϭ, ϰϱϯϱϡϲϳϡϦϳ»640. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϔϾϢϢϴ ϠϮϤϴ, «ϦϲϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϴ Ϯϡϲ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϫϡЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϩϥϦϪ, ϳϯ ϭϼ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ: “ϋϡϫϯϣϼ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϦЂ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ?”. σ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ ϣϡϧϮϼ, ϣϯ-ϰϦϱϣϼ϶, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ, ϡ ϣϯ-ϣϳϯϱϼ϶ – ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϩ ϫ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ. ϏϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϱϴϰϩϷϼ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ – Ϯϩϸϳϯ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϳ ϩϨ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϑϯϢϦϱϳ ϖϡϳϸϩϮϲ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϮϡϨϣϡϬ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϴϲϳϡϱϦϣϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϐϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ… ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯ, ϤϥϦ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϩϥϦϿ, ϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϴϸϩϳϽ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϲϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ, ϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϥϦϪ»641. υϧϦϪϭϲ ϔϾϢϢ ϠϮϤ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ωϥϦЀ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϳϡϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϱϯϭϡϮϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϥϡϿϳ ϱϡϲϲϫϡϨϡϭ ϯ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯϭ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϯϲϳϱϯϣϯϣ ϣ ϟϧϮϼ϶ ϭϯϱЀ϶. ϓϡϭ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϥϱϦϣϮϩ϶ ϭϯϱϦϰϬϡϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ, ϣ ϭϦϲϳϡ϶, ϤϥϦ Ϯϡ ϫϡϱϳϡ϶ ϢϼϬϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϦ ϲϩϮϦϦ ϭϯϱϦ, ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϬϲЀ ϰϱϦϫϱϡϲϮϼϪ ϡϳϯϬϬ Ϯϡϥ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϯϥϼ. ϓϡϭ ϣϩϳϡϬϡ ϡϳϭϯϲϵϦϱϡ ϣϯϬϹϦϢϲϳϣϡ. ϓϡϫ ϩ ϲ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ. ϏϮϩ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ Ϯϡϥ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ; ϩ ϲ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϡϳϭϯϲϵϦϱϯϪ ϣϯϬϹϦϢϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ώϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϨϮϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϡϳϯϬϬ ϟϧϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϱЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϢϦϲϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶, ϮϦϣϩϥϩϭϼ϶ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϫϯϱϡϬϬϯϣ, ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϥ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϯϱЀ. ϒϰϱϯϲϩϭ ϲϦϢЀ: “ρ ϩϥϦЀ ϳϯϧϦ ϳϡϫϡЀ? ϠϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϭϩ ϯϮϡ ϬϩϹϽ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϥϬϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϱЀϥϡ ϮϦϣϩϥϩϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϰϯϥ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ? φϲϬϩ ϥϡ, ϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϭ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶? ϋϯϱϯϸϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭ ϩϬϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣ ϯϳϣϦϳ 640 ϐϡϲϫϡϬϽ ς. ύϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ., ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳϡϳϽЀ, ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϟ.ρ. τϩϮϨϢϴϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϭ. ϒϡϢϡϹϮϩϫϯϣϼ϶, 1995. – 480 ϲ. – ϒ. 271. 641 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 22. 306 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: “ϋϡϫ ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϦ ϩϥϦϩ?”… ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ – ϳϡϫϯϪ ϧϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϣϳϯϭϯϢϩϬϦϪ: ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ ϳϯϧϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϣϦϪϦϱϴ, ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϴϭ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ; ϩ϶ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϧϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ϶, ϫϡϫ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ»642. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲ. 4. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϨϡϱϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϔ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ, ϨϡϱϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ, ϯϳϫϬϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϡ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϩ϶ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ, ϦϲϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ, ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϦϱϦϢϯϱ, ϯϳϢϯϱ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϲϳϡϱϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϥϦϪ (ϩ «ϥϱϯϢϦϪ» ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϼ϶, ϯϢϱϼϣϯϸϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϯϵϯϱϭϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ, ϮϦϥϯϯϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϪ), ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ, – ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϴ ϩ ϲϴϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϯϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϥϦϩ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀЀϲϽ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ (ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ), ϳϡϫ ϩ ϰϯ ϦϤϯ ϩϳϯϤϡϭ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ ϑϾϮϥϯϬϽϵ ϕϦϱϲϯϮ ϩ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ., ϣϲЀϫϩϪ ϱϡϨ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϴϭϡϿϳ ϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϰϬϡϮ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϯϮϩ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϱЀϥ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϱЀϥ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϲϬϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϲϯϦϥϩϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϬϩϮϩЀϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ. όϿϢϯϪ ϳϩϰ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϢϴϥϽ ϳϯ ϬϩϸϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧЂϮ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ. ϓϡϫϡЀ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϥϣϴ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ: 1) ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϩϥϦЀ϶ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϪ; Ϩϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϣ ϩϥϦϩ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ ϩϬϩ ϾϫϱϡϮϦ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϡ, ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϩϬϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϨϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϿϳ, ϫϱϩϳϩϫϴϿϳ ϩ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϿϳ ϩ϶; 2) ϥϬЀ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ; ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡϭϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϬϴϧϩϳϽ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤ ϩϬϩ 642 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 13–16. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 307 Ϥϱϡϵϩϫ, ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ, ϩϬϩ ϨϡϭϦϳϫϩ, ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϨϡϮЀϳϩϪ643. ϐϦϱϣϼϭϩ ϹϡϤϡϭϩ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ (ϷϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ) ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϩϨ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϰϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ ϩ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϭ (ϰϯϫϡ ϣ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϭ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϦ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ (ϲϳϱϯϦ). υϧϦϪϭϲ ϔϾϢϢ ϠϮϤ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϩϨ ϹϡϤϯϣ ϣ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϳϽ ϰϯϥϢϯϱ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ («ϲϼϱϽϦϣϯϤϯ») ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϩ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϪ ϩϲϳϩϮϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϥϯ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ Ͼϳϯϳ ϹϡϤ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. ϒϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϪ «ϲϼϱϽϦϣϯϪ» ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϭϯϤϬϯ Ϣϼ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϱϴϳϩϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϰϼϳϡϦϭϲЀ ϯϳ ϮϦЂ ϴϫϬϯϮϩϳϽϲЀ. σϱϦϭЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϳϱϡϸϦϮϯ Ϯϡ ϲϢϯϱ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϳϱϡϳϩϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϣϩϳϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϢϬϡϫϡ϶. σϭϦϲϳϯ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ Ϯϡϥ ϲϢϯϱϯϭ «ϲϼϱϽЀ», ϭϼ ϲϩϥϩϭ ϩ ϮϡϥϦϦϭϲЀ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡϲ ϰϯϲϦϳϩϳ ϣϥϯ϶ϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ ϳϡϫ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϦϭ, ϭϼ ϰϼϳϡϦϭϲЀ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϸϦϳϣЂϱϳϼϪ ϹϡϤ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϩ, ϣ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϴϫϬϯϮЀϦϭϲЀ ϯϳ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϹϡϤϯϣ644. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϓϯϭϡϲ ϞϥϩϲϯϮ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «τϦϮϩϪ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϡ ϣϥϯ϶ϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϦϣЀϮϯϲϳϯ ϥϦϣЀϳϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϯϳϡ»645. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϱϦϸϽ ϮϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩϩ «ϲϣϡϬϫϩ» ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϩ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϡЀ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϯϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ. ϐϯ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., «ϰϯϬϡϤϡЀϲϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϫ ϣϡϭ, ϣϼ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϮϦ ϱϦϹϩϳϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϭϦϲϳϡ϶»646. ϑϯϢϦϱϳϡ ϔϯϬϲϳϦϳϳϦϱ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬϡ, ϸϳϯ ϤϯϳϯϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ (ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ) ϰϯϥ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϴϤϬϡϭϩ ϩ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϫϡϫ ϮϦϰϯϰϴϬЀϱϮϼ϶, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϰϯϰϴϬЀϱϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ – ϮϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϶ϯϱϯϹϦϤϯ 643 Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. Third Edition. – Thousand Oaks (California, USA): SAGE Publications, 2021. – P. 215 ϵϡϪϬϡ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 644 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 31–32. 645 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: 300 citations pour aimer les sciences [300 Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϯ ϬϿϢϣϩ ϫ ϮϡϴϫϦ] / Choisies par Régis Pineau. – Paris: Dunod, 2013. – P. 10. 646 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 174. 308 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϬϽϿ – ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶647. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϔϾϢϢϴ ϠϮϤϴ, ϵϡϫϳϼ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϢϼϲϳϱϦϦ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϣϯЂ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϲϫϡϮϩϱϴϦϳϦ ϩ϶ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϰϱЀϭϯϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ, ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϴϧ ϢϴϫϣϡϬϽϮϯ648. ϓϡϫ, ϰϯ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϬϩϲϽ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϴϿ ϩ ϮϦϨϮϡϫϯϭϴϿ ϳϦϱϱϩϳϯϱϩϿ. υϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϼ ϣ ϣϡϹϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ, ϰϱϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϳϦ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϡϹϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϫ Ͼϳϩϭ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀϭ649. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϔϾϢϢϴ ϠϮϤϴ: «ϓϦϰϦϱϽ, ϦϲϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϰϱϯϥϦϬϡϬϩ ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϰϯ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ – ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϬϩ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ – ϫϡϫϯϣϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϸϦϱϦϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ ϱϡϨϴϭ? Ϟϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ “ϰϦϱϦϣϡϱϩϣϡϮϩЀ” Ͼϳϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ… Ϟϳϴ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϳϱϴϥϮϦϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϣϡϹϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ. σϼ ϢϦϱЂϳϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϬϩ, ϩ ϯϺϴϰϼϣϡϦϳϦ ϩ϶, ϳϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ. σϼ ϢϦϱϦϳϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϵϡϫϳ, ϰϯϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϦϳϦ ϦϤϯ ϳϯ ϳϡϫ, ϳϯ Ͼϥϡϫ, ϲϭϯϳϱϩϳϦ Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ ϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϱϡϫϴϱϲϡ϶ ϩ ϯϺϴϺϡϦϳϦ ϦϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ. σϼ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϦ ϥϣϡ ϵϡϫϳϡ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϩ ϲϭϯϳϱϩϳϦ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϿϳϲЀ. ϒϦϪϸϡϲ ϣϼ ϩϺϦϳϦ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϰϯϥ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϣϲЂ ϲϬϯϧϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϡϫϫϴϱϡϳϮϴϿ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϿ, ϫϡϫ ϣ ϤϯϬϯϣϯϬϯϭϫϦ»650. υϡϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϦϪ (ϱϩϲ. 5-14): ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϴϿ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ, ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ (ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ) ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϶ϡϯϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, «ϨϡϭϴϲϯϱϦϮϼ», ϸϳϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϣϦϱ϶ϮЀЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϼ ϨϡϣϡϬϼ ϩϨ ϯϢϱϼϣϫϯϣ ϲϭЀϳϯϪ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ; ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϫ ϱϡϨϢϯϱϴ Ͼϳϩ϶ «ϨϡϣϡϬϯϣ», ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡЀ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϫϴϲϯϸϦϫ, ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡЀ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ, «ϭϴϲϯϱϮϼϦ» ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϴϢϩϱϡЀ, ϥϴϢϬϩ ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡЀ (ϥϦϬϡЀ ϯ Ϯϩ϶ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϯϭϦϳϫϩ); ϬϩϹϮϦϦ ϯϳ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϢϱϦϨϡϦϳ, ϲϡϭϩ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϩ «ϱϡϨϤϬϡϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϴϳϿϤϯϭ», ϸϳϯϢϼ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩϨ 647 Wohlstetter R. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision [ϐЂϱϬ-ϖϡϱϢϯϱ: ϐϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ]. – Stanford (California, USA): Stanford University Press, 1962. – xviii; 426 p. – P. 302. 648 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 43. 649 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Foreword by Douglas MacEachin. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 174–176. 650 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 42–43. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 309 ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϲϭϡϲϳϦϱϩϳϽ ϢϴϭϡϧϮϴϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϲϱϦϥϮϦϣϦϫϯϣϯϤϯ Ϩϡϭϫϡ (ϮϩϧϮЀЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϬϩϷϦϳϣϯϱЀϦϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. ϑϩϲ. 5-14. ωϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. 310 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ϔϾϢϢϴ ϠϮϤϴ: «Ϙϳϯ ϫϡϲϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ, ϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ, ϳϯ ϭϮϦ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϣϡ ϮϡϩϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩ϶. ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϨϡϳϱϯϮϴϳ ϣ ϷϩϳϡϳϦ ϩϨ ϐϡϱϦϳϯ: ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϥϦЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ ϲϳϡϱϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ. Ϟϳϯ, ϰϯϧϡϬϴϪ, ϲϡϭϼϪ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϵϡϫϳ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϥϦϪ… σϳϯϱϯϪ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϳϽ ϲϳϡϱϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϭ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϴϭϦϮϩЀ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ. ψϥϦϲϽ, ϫϡϫ Ѐ ϰϯϥϯϨϱϦϣϡϿ, ϩ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϴϭϡϭϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϸϽ Ϩϡ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ ϩϥϦϪ. υϬЀ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϵϡϫϳ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϴϲϯϸϦϫ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ. υϬЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ – Ͼϳϯ ϨϣϦϮϯ ϣ ϷϦϰϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϔ ϮϦϤϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϩ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϵϡϫϳ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϨϡϫϯϮϡ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϤϯ ϫ ϷϦϬϯϭϴ ϱЀϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ… ϋϯϤϥϡ ϣϩϥϮϼ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϼϦ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ, ϯϮϩ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϳ ϫ ϣϼϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϯϢϺϩϪ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϼϭ, ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϫϬϿϸ ϫ Ϯϯϣϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϿ, ϮϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ, ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϥϦЀ. ϒϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϱϩϣϼϸϫϡ ϴϭϡ, ϣϦϥϴϺϡЀ ϫ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ, ϰϱϩϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϩϥϦϪ»651. ρϮϱϩ ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ύϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϬϯ ϢϴϱϬϩϳϽ ϣ ϭϯϦϪ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ; Ѐ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϯϣϡϬ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ, ϰϯϫϡ ϰϡϱϼ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦ ϲϷϦϰϬЀϬϩϲϽ, ϳϡϫ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼϦ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ»652. ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ) ϰϯϲϡϥϯϫ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ «ϲϢϯϱϫϩ» (ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϦϥϩϮϯ) ϥϣϴ϶ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ Ͼϳϡϰϴ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϱϯϢϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϥϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲϢϯϱϫϩ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϳϯϧϦ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϨϡϬϯϤ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϣ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϴ ϋϦϮϳϴ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ 7 ϹϡϤϯϣ (ϩϬϩ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ): 1. σϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϦϪ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. 2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϦЂ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ [Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϡ] ϩ ϫϡϫϩϦ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ. 3. ϒϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ, ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ Ϯϡ ϾϳϡϰϦ ࠪ 2; ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϯϢϨϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϴϧϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϯϪ ϩ 651 Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 25–26, 28. 652 Poincaré H. Science and method [ώϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ]: Translated by Francis Maitland; with a Preface by Bertrand Russell. – London: Thomas Nelson and sons, 1914. – 288 p. – P. 52– 53. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 311 ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϣ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϳϦϫϡ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϯϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ. (ϒϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-15). 4. ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. 5. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ. ύϯϭϦϮϳ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϣϼϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ. σ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϯϥϩϮ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ, ϩϨϴϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϴϥϯϢϲϳϣϡ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, Ϣϴϥϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϳϡϫ. ϓϡϫϧϦ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϳϽ, Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϲϳϡϢϩϬϽϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ. ςϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϴϥϯϢϮϯ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϼ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ. ωϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϲϬϴϸϡϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϬϩϲϽ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϥϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϩ ϯϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϳϽ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϥϯ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ. 6. υϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ, ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϭ ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ϶, ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϧϦϮϩЀ. 7. ϔϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϫϡϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϮϼ϶, ϸϦϭ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ, ϩ ϫϡϫ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϩϪ ϫ ϩϲϳϩϮϦ653. ϑϩϲ. 5-15. σϯϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϯϣ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϪ «ϫϡϱϳϩϮϦ». 653 ϋent S. Strategic Intelligence. For American World Policy [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. σ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϯϪ ϭϩϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Hamden (Connecticut, USA): Archon Books, 1965. – xxvii; 226 p. – P. 157–158. 312 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ςϦϱϳϱϡϮ ϑϡϲϲϦϬ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ώϡϴϫϡ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϩϲϳϩϮϴ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϩϪ»654. ϓϯ ϧϦ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ. ϣϼϥϦϬЀϬ 8 Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ: 1) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Definition of the Analytical Problem»): Ͼϳϯ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϹϡϤ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϮϩϩ; ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϪ ϩ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϮϦ ϥϡЂϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ Ϯϩϫϡϫϩ϶ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣ; ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϣϦϬϩϫϯ; ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮ ϣ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϳϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϳϽ ϥϩϡϰϡϨϯϮ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ; 2) ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ) ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Preliminary Hypothesis Generation»): ϯϢϻЂϭ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϴϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ – ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ; Ͼϳϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϨ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϫϩ ϣ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϡϭϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϶ϱϡϮЀϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϣ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ; 3) ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Selective Data Acquisition»): ϣϼϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ; ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϴϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ; ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϮϦ ϩϺϴϳϲЀ, ϡ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϼ ϰϱϩ ϯϢϨϯϱϦ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϡ ϰϯϰϴϳϮϯ, ϳϯ ϬϩϢϯ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ, ϬϩϢϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ; 4), 5) ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϩ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Refinement of Hypotheses and Additional Data Collection, again Selective Data Acquisition»): ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϩ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ (ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϩ ϣϮϯϲЀ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϣϼ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ; ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϱϡϨ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϡ ϲϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϨϫϯϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ; 654 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: 300 citations pour aimer les sciences [300 Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϯ ϬϿϢϣϩ ϫ ϮϡϴϫϦ] / Choisies par Régis Pineau. – Paris: Dunod, 2013. – P. 24. § 5.7. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 313 6) ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Data Interpretation and Evaluation»): ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϳ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϳ ϫϡϧϥϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ; ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϣϯϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϩϨϴϸϦϮ, Ϯϯ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϰϯϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϲ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ; 7) ϲϦϬϦϫϷϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Hypothesis Selection»): ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϣϼϢϯϱϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϡϭϩ; ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϮϡϢϯϱϡϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϳϴ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϭϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ; 8) ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Continued Monitoring»): ϣ ϲϳϯ϶ϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϩϱϦ ϣϲϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϮϯϲЀϳ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ; ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϳϽ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϯϲϳϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϩϭϸϩϣϼϭ ϫ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϮϴϳ ϣϼϢϱϡϮϮϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, – ϰϯ ϳϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϦ, ϸϳϯ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϸϳϯ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϬϡϲϽ655. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲ ϖϯϪϦϱ-ϭϬ. ϯϳϭϦϸϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϦϮ ϩ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϦϭ, ϸϦϭ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ. ώϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϩϨ ϾϳϯϪ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϪ ϣϦϱϲϩϩ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ ϯϥϩϮ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ. ϐϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϯϳ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϯϭϴ – Ͼϳϯ, ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ. ϋϱϩϳϦϱϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϮϦ ϨϡϬϯϧϦϮϼ ϣ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϮϦϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϰϱϯϣϡϬϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ «ϰϯϲϭϦϱϳϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϡϨϢϯϱ» ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϬϡ Ϣϼ ϥϡϳϽ ϳϯϸϮϴϿ ϯϷϦϮϫϴ, ϢϼϬϡ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϡ, Ϯϯ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϱϯϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ, ϮϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϣ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϦϲϯϣϯϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϩ, ϮϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϣ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ656. 655 Heuer, jr. R.J. Strategies for Analytical Judgment [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1981. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 2. – P. 65–78. – P. 66–67. 656 Heuer, jr. R.J. Strategies for Analytical Judgment [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1981. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 2. – P. 65–78. – P. 67. 314 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ 5. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϣϲϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽ? ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϑϡϪϮ϶ϯϬϥϡ ώϩϢϦ, ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϰϯϬϡϤϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϥϯϫϡϨϡϣϹϩϪ ϲϣϯϿ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϯϥϡϱЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩϬϩ ϣϥϯ϶ϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ “ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ”. σ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϴϬϯϣϩϭϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϧϡϮϩϿ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ657. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϳϩϰϯϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ ϩ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϯϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϬϡ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϯϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϮϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣ ϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϭϩ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϣϲϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϩ ϳϯϪ ϧϦ ϷϦϬϩ (ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ), ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϣ ϦϥϩϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϿ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϯ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϬϴϸϹϩ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ). ϖϯϳЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ ϮϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϦϥϩϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ658, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ. 657 Niebuhr R. Foreword [ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ] // Young J.W. Technique for Producing Ideas [ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ]. – Chicago (Illinois, USA): Crain Communications Inc., 1940. – 62 p. – P. 5–6. 658 Marrin S. Intelligence Analysis: Turning a Craft Into a Profession [ϑϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϐϱϦϣϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϭϦϲϬϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϿ] // <https://www.ialeia.org/docs/40168353-MarrinIntelligence-Analysis-Turning-a-Craft-Into-a-Profession.pdf>. – 5 p. – P. 4. § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ 315 ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϏϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϰϯ ρ.σ. ςϴϱϽЀϫϴ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ «ϩϨ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϰϯϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ»659. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϣ ϵϩϮϡϬϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ, Ϯϯ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲϩϮϫϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ «ϭϦϬϫϯ-ϮϡϱϦϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϬϡϤϩϡϳϡ». ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϫϬϩϹϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ (ϲϳϼϫϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ), ϳϯ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϳϡ ϧϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ (ϲ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϯ ϭϦϬϯϸϦϪ), ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϯ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ (ϣϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ). Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϨϡϭϦϱ ϳϦϭϰϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ ϳϦϬϡ ϴ ϢϯϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϰϱϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϯϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ) ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩ ϳϦϭ ϧϦ ϳϦϱϭϯϭϦϳϱϯϭ, Ϯϯ ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ ϣϱϡϸϡϭϩ ϲ ϰϦϱϦϱϼϣϯϭ ϣ 2 ϭϩϮϴϳϼ. ώϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϦϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϩϬϩ ϲϬϡϢϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϔϸЂϮϼϪ-ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϣ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯϭ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ (ϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϲ ϳϦϱϰϩϭϼϭϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϬϡϤϡϭϩ), ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϯϢϱϡϳϩϣϹϩϲϽ ϫ ϫϯϬϬϦϤϡϭ-ϴϸЂϮϼϭ. σ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϮϦϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϫϯϣϡϮ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϭϩ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϱϡϭϫϡϭϩ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϏϲϮϯϣϡ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, Ͼϭϰϩϱϩϫϡ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ. ϓϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ». ψϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϣ ϱϯϬϩ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϦ, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼϦ ϩ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϨϣϡϳϽ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϡϭϩ». ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϩϲϫϡϳϽ, ϡ ϴϣϩϥϦϣ, ϣϼϸϬϦϮϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥ-ϯϢϱϡϨ, ϰϱϯϯϢϱϡϨ (ϯϲϳϯϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ, «ϭϡϳϱϩϷϴ») ϩϲϫϯϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ 659 ςϴϱϽЀϫ ρ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. – ύ., 2021. – 435 ϲ. – ϒ. 376–377. [ϞϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ]. 316 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϴϧϦ ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϭϯϨϡϩϫϴ («ϰϡϨϬ»). ϓϡϫϴϿ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϬ ϲ ϤϯϬϯϣϯϬϯϭϫϯϪ-ϭϯϨϡϩϫϯϪ, ϱϦϹϡЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϿϳ ϩϨ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϱϩϲϴϮϯϫ, ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϩ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, ϰϩϲϡϣϹϩϪ: «φϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϣϯϨϽϭЂϳϦ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ “ϮϩϸϦϤϯ”, ϳϯ ϣ ϲϴϭϭϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϦ “ϮϦϸϳϯ”» (ϲ ϯϤϯϣϯϱϫϯϪ ϯϢ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϡϭ Ͼϳϡ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϲЀ ϮϦϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ)660. σ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϭ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϱϦϥϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϲϱϡϨϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϦϥ-ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϴ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϴϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϣ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ ϰϴϳϩ, ϲϱϡϨϴ «ϴ϶ϣϡϳϩϣ» ϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϣ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϣЀϨϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ. ώϯ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ (ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϸϡϲϳϯ) ϳϡϫϯϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ (ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϣЀϨϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϫϱϯϰϯϳϬϩϣϯϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϥϮϦϦ – ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϱϡϨϮϼϭϩ, ϮϦ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϸϡϲϳЀϭϩ, «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϡϭϩ»), ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϰϱϯϢ ϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ661) ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩϩ, ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡЀ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϩϨϼϲϫϩϣϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϿϳ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϪ (ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϼϪ) ϲϭϼϲϬ ϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϱϮϯ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ ϥϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ, ϰϴϲϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϡ) ϲϯϲϳϼϫϯϣϡϮϼ, ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϼ ϢϦϨ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϩ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, «ϭϼ ϯϢϥϴϭϼϣϡϦϭ ϣϲЂ ϰϱϯϸϩϳϡϮϮϯϦ. ϒϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϢϦϲϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϼ ϤϱϴϰϰϩϱϴϦϭ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳ ϣϼϱϩϲϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϷϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ. ψϡϳϦϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϤϬϴϢϩϬϩϲϽ ϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϩ Ϥϯϱϩϭ ϧϦϬϡϮϩϦϭ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϩϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϼϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϱϩϲϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϣϮϦϨϡϰϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϹϦϪ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϦϪ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ»662. 660 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 80. 661 ϒϭ.: § 7.12. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϯϢ ϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ // ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 600–605. <https://state-religion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. 662 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 135. § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ 317 ϒϯϢϩϱϡЀ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϩϭϦϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ» (ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶) ϲϣЀϨϮϼϦ ϷϦϬϼϦ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ (ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϼ, ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡЀ, ϰϦϱϦϰϬϡϣϬЀЀ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϦ ϩϨϼϲϫϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϦ «ϴϨϯϱϼ» (ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϼ) ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ, ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϪ, ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϲ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϦϩϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϩ ϯϳϢϩϱϡϦϭϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϦϤϯ ϩϥϦϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀЀ Ϧϭϴ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϰϬϡϮϼ, ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ. ώϯϣϼϦ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, «ϴϨϯϱϼ» (ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϼ) ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϳϲЀ («ϲϹϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ») ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϦϤϯ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ ϩϭ «ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϯϲϳϩϫϡϭϩ» ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲЀ ϣ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϰϼϳ. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ «ϬϯϲϫϴϳϮϯϦ ϹϩϳϽЂ», ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϦϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ «Ϭϯϲϫϴϳϼ» ϣ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ «ϰϯϬϯϳϮϯ», ϥϡϿϺϦϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϴϧϦ ϮϯϣϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ (ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴЀ) ϮϦϸϳϯ ϮϯϣϯϦ; ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϳϱϩϲϯϣϼϣϡϦϳ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼϦ «ϤϦϯϭϦϳϱϩϿ» ϩ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ Ͼϳϩϭ «ϰϯϬϯϳϮϯϭ». ω ϴϧϦ ϩϨ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ (ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ Ϯϡ Ϯϯϣϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ) ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϴϦϳ (ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϲϳϡϥϩϪϮϯϤϯ «ϰϦϱϦϰϬϡϣϬϩϣϡϮϩЀ») ϮϯϣϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ (ϲϣЀϨϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϦ) – ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ (ϭϦϳϡ-) ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϦ ϰϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϴ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. σ ϩϳϯϤϦ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ – ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϲϣЀϨϮϯϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ). ω Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϯϣϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ. 318 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ώϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϮϦ ϣϰϱϡϣϦ ϲϩϬϯϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϲϭϦϳϡϳϽ ϩ ϲϢϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ «ϣ ϫϴϸϩ», ϲϳϼϫϴЀ ϩ϶ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ, ϩϢϯ Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϲЀ ϲϩϭϴϬЀϫϱϯϣϼϦ «ϵϱϡϮϫϦϮϹϳϦϪϮϼ». ϐϯ σ.ω. ϒϬϯϢϯϥϸϩϫϯϣϴ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϥϱϯϢϬϦϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ ϮϦ ϰϯ ϨϡϫϯϮϡϭ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ, ϡ «ϰϯ ϣϫϴϲϴ» ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϰϱϩ ϰϯϳϦϱϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳ ϲϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϣϯϦϥϩϮϯ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ663. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϲϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϩ», ϫϡϫ ϩ϶ ϣϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϣ «ϴϨϯϱ» ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ (ϱϩϲ. 5-16). ϑϩϲ. 5-16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϩ «ϲϰϬϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ» ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ» (ϥϡϮϮϼ϶) ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ, ϯϮϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϥϡϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ ϣϡϬϩϥϩϱϴϦϭϴϿ ϩ ϣϦϱϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϭϴϿ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϴϿ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϴϿ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ664. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϯϵϱϡϫϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϲϳϯϬϽ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϩϥϫϦ ϫϡϫϡЀ-ϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ. ϒϬϯϣϮϯ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϪϲЀ ϰϡϲϽЀϮϲ ϩϬϩ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϭϯϨϡϩϸϮϡЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϡ (ϳϩϰϡ «ϰϡϨϬ»). ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ώϦϪϳϡϮϡ Ϡϴ, «ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϸϦϭ-ϳϯ ϥϯϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϲϡϥϮϼϭ ϩ ϱϡϨϥϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϩϺϦϳϦ, ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϦ, ϦϲϳϽ Ϭϩ ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϣ ϰϦϱϣϴϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ Ϥϱϴϥϴ Ϸϩϵϱ ϩ ϲϬϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϩϮϯϤϯ 663 ϒϬϯϢϯϥϸϩϫϯϣ σ.ω. ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϒϐϢτϔ. ϒϦϱ. 16. – 2016. – σϼϰ. 1. – ϒ. 100–108. – ϒ. 108. 664 ώϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫϡ ω.ω. ϓϴϱϡϮϲϫϯϤϯ «ώϡ ϭϦϬϽϮϩϷϦ», 1912. § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ 319 ϲϭϼϲϬϡ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ»665. ϞϳϯϤϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ Ϩϡ ϳϴ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϡ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϮ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ «ϰϱϯϤϬϯϳϩϳϽ»666. ώϯ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϳϡϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϥϡϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ – ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ Ϧϭϴ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ ϣ Ͼϳϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ (ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϡ) ϩ ϣ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϳϡϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ «ϲϢϯϱϫϩ» ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ. ώϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-17 ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩ ϳϦϭ ϧϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϭ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ» ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ. Ϙϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ ϩϨ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ (ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧЂϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϦ ϣ ϷϦϮϳϱϦ? ϐϱϯϲϳϯ ϶ϡϯϳϩϸϮϼϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϲϰϱϡϣϡ)? ωϬϩ, ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ (ϩϤϱϴϹϫϡϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϦϱ – ϲϬϦϣϡ)? ωϬϩ, ϲ ϩϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϣϼϲϯϫϯ-ϡϢϲϳϱϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϷϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϪ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϲϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϮϮϦϪϹϩϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ (ϲϮϯϣϡ ϲϰϱϡϣϡ)? σ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ ϲϬϦϣϡ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϦ ϴϧϦ ϯϢϱϦϳϡϦϳ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϴ ϸϦϤϯ-ϳϯ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϴϧ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ, ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ. ϑϩϲ. 5-17. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϯϳ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩ ϳϦϭ ϧϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϭ «ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ»667. 665 Ϡϴ ώ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϦ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϒϣϦϳϬϡϮϼ ϋϩϱϯϣϯϪ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2013. – 352 ϲ. – ϒ. 21. 666 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 185. 667 ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ: <https://www.accenture.com/hken/services/applied-intelligence/search-content-analytics>; 320 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϡϨϴϭϮϡЀ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϨϥϱϡϣϼϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ, ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ – ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ, ϩϢϯ ϮϦ ϣϲЀϫϯϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϳϦϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ώϯ ϩ ϩϨϬϩϹϮЀЀ ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЀϿϺϡЀ ϮϡϫϱϴϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϯϳЀϤϯϺϡϿϺϡЀ ϮϦϰϱϯЀϲϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϨϥϦϲϽ – ϮϦ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϳϽϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ – ϮϦ ϯϢϭϡϮϴϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϦϢЀ. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϢϯϤϡϳϲϳϣϯϭ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ, ϫϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ, ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ ϲϡϭϩ Ϩϡ ϲϦϢЀ. φϲϬϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ, ϯϮ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϥϬЀ ϮϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ «ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ». ϒϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ (ϥϡϧϦ ϲ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ) ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϯϥ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϩϦϲЀ Ϧϭϴ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϽ ϲ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϧϦϮϺϩϮϡ ϯϫϡϨϡϬϡϲϽ (ϣ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩϩ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϤϯϲϳϦϪ) ϣ ϨϡϤϯϱϯϥϮϯϭ ϥϯϭϦ, ϳϡϫ ϴϧ ϲϳϡϬϯϲϽ, ϢϦϨ ϳϦϬϦϵϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ, ϢϦϨ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳϡ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϫϴϬϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶ (ϰϯϣϡϱϦϮϮϼ϶) ϫϮϩϤ ϩ ϱϦϷϦϰϳϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϢϼϬϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϡ ϲϣϦϧϡϪϹϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡϭϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ϶ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-18). ώϴ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϧϦ ϯϮϡ ϲϴϭϦϦϳ ϲϤϯϳϯϣϩϳϽ ϣϦϬϩϫϯϬϦϰϮϼϪ ϯϢϦϥ ϩϬϩ ϴϧϩϮ Ϯϡ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϲϯϮ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯ ϮϡϩϳϩϿ, ϢϦϨ ϣϲЀϫϩ϶ ϱϦϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϯϫ – ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϡ – ϧϦϮϺϩϮϡ. Ϙϳϯ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϰϱϩϥϴϭϡϦϳ. ρϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ, ϢϯϤϡϳϲϳϣϯ ϷϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϥϡЂϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϪ, ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ; ϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳ, ϲϴϭϦϦϳ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϽ ϣϯ ϢϬϡϤϯ. ϐϱϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϱЀϥϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-19). ωϬϩ ϧϦ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϿϳϲЀ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϥϯϢϩϱϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ» ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ϶ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩЀ, ϯϸϩϲϳϫϡ ϩ ϩϮϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ). <https://www.toysrus.ca/en/Bakugan--Darkus-Dragonoid--2-inch-Tall-Collectible-ActionFigure-and-Trading-Card/04881BF1.html>. § 5.8. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϩϨ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϫϴϲϯϸϫϯϣ 321 ϑϩϲ. 5-18. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϭϩ ϷϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ ϰϯϥ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϩϦϲЀ Ϧϭϴ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ668. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϮϯ ϰϱϯϰϴϺϦϮϼ ϣ ϲϢϯϱϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϡϤϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϩ϶ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϮϦ ϴ϶ϴϥϹϩϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. 668 ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϰϯ: <https://fr.freepik.com/photos-premium/table-planches-bois-vintage-texture-du-boisancien-retro-grunge-vue-dessus_11930836.htm>; <https://kirishimameat.shoppro.jp/?pid=163042130>; <https://cdn.shopify.com/>; <https://fr.freepik.com/photospremium/dorado-poisson-frais-fruits-mer-ingredients-pour-cuisson-fond-gris-vue-dessusespace-copie_29784453.htm>; <https://www.atlanterra.fr/produits/gammeproduits/456171-00039480-crevette-geante-sauvage-entiere-6-8-pces-bte/>; <https://econaturagourmet.com/producto/jamon-iberico-de-bellota-etiqueta-roja/>; <https://www.charcuterie-aubard.fr/viande-fraiche-de-kintoa-aop/336-saucissekintoa.html>; <https://www.joseedistasio.ca/recettes/entrees-et-apero/huitres/>. 322 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-19. ώϡ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϭ ϩϨ 3 ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ669 (ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ ϣϩϥϩϹϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϦ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϮϩϧϮϩϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ) ϮϦ ЀϲϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϯ (ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ). ϏϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϩЂϭϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϣ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϥϡϳϽ ϯϳϣϦϳ: ϤϯϱϩϲϳϯϦ ϰϯϢϦϱϦϧϽϦ ϭϯϱЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϨϦϱϡ. υϡϬϦϦ ϴϥϡϲϳϲЀ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϭϦϲϳϯ. 669 ϗϩϳϡϳϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ – ϰϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϦ Google Earth Pro. § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ 323 § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϒϴϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϣ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical data enrichment», «analytical data saturation»), ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϯ, ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ, ϢϦϨ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, «ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϲϭϦϬϯ, ϲ ϾϮϳϴϨϩϡϨϭϯϭ, ϢϦϨ ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϫ, ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϼϦ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ. ψϡϳϦϭ Ϯϡϥϯ ϦϺЂ ϱϡϨ ϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ Ϩϡ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, ϣϯϲϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ. ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϥϦϬϫϦ… όϴϸϹϦ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϲϭϦϬϯ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ ϯϲϳϯϱϯϧϮϯ, ϸϦϭ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϯϲϳϯϱϯϧϮϯ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϭϦϬϯ»670. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϦ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϼ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϴϧϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϹϡϤϯϣ ϰϯ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-20), ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯ-ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ) ϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ «ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» (ϯϲϳϯϣϡ) ϩϬϩ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϯϸϦϱϳϡϮϩϪ (ϱϡϭϯϫ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϼ) ϩϲϫϯϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϮϦϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϦϭϯϭ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϦϭϯϭ671. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϬϿϢϯϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϲ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϐϯϬ ϋϯϬϦϱϲ ϩ ύϿϱϱϦϪ ωϥϦϮ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϴϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ Ͼϳϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϦϳ, ϳ.Ϧ. Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ672. ω ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ» ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϥϦϲϽ – ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-21). 670 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 157. 671 Saunders B., Sim J., Kingstone T., Baker S., Waterfield J. et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization [ώϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ: ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // Quality and Quantity. – 2018. – Vol. 52. – ࠪ 4. – P. 1893–1907. – P. 1893. 672 ϋϯϬϦϱϲ ϐ., ωϥϦϮ ύ. ϑϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ: ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϧϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϲϰϯϨϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ό.ω. ϓϩϳϯϭϩϱϡ; ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ω.ϙ. ϐϩϮϲϫϦϱϡ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1970. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 5. 324 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-20. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ (ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶673. ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ 673 ϗϩϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϫϡϥϱϯϣ ϫϩϮϯϵϩϬϽϭϡ «ϓϦϱϭϩϮϡϳϯϱ 2: ϒϴϥϮϼϪ ϥϦϮϽ» 1991 Ϥϯϥϡ ϱϦϧϩϲϲЂϱϡ υϧϦϪϭϲϡ ϋϾϭϦϱϯϮϡ, ϫϩϮϯϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϩ Carolco Pictures ϩ ϥϱ. § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ 325 ϑϩϲ. 5-21. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϷϦϬϯϤϯ, ϯϳϳϡϬϫϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϯϳ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϭϼ϶ ϲϦϭϽϿ ϰϱϩϲϬϯϮЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϥ ϴϤϬϯϭ ϫ ϲϳϦϮϦ ϰϡϬϯϸϫϡϭϩ). (ωϥϦЀ ϰϯϸϦϱϰϮϴϳϡ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ). 326 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ρ ϣϯϳ ϴϧϦ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϮϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ «ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ», ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦϭ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϫϡϫ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ. σ ϲϯϷϩϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϴϧϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϲϳϯЀϬϯϲϽ, ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϡϴϫϡ϶ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϭϦϮϦϦ. ϔϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩϪ, ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ) ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϽ ϲ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϤϯϱϮϯϥϯϢϼϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϡϬϬϴϱϤϩϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ Ϯϡ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϴϥϼ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϴϥϡϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϴϲϳϯϪ ϰϯϱϯϥϼ, ϲ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϴϥϼ (ϱϴϥϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϡϳϡ), ϱϴϥϼ ϲ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϭ ϴϥϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϣϦϲϯϭ (ϴϥϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϯϬϦϪ) ϮϴϧϮϯϤϯ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ (ϩϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϩϨϯϳϯϰϡ), ϫϡϫ ϣ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϩ ϴϱϡϮϡ – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϬϩ ϩϨϯϳϯϰϡ U-235 ϣ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϮϯϭ ϴϱϡϮϯ-ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϦϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ. «ϏϢϯϤϡϺϡϿϺϡЀ» ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϤϯ (ϡ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϳϯϤϯ – ϴϳϯϸϮЂϮϮϯϤϯ, ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϤϯ, ϲ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϮϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϴϳϽ) ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϿϺϦϭ ϩ ϮϡϲϼϺϡϿϺϦϭ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ (ϫϡϫ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ, ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϩϥϯϸϮϯϭ, ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ) ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ, ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ, ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϡϭϩ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦϭ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ, Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϰϱϯϱϩϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϣЀϨϫϡϭϩ (ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩЀϭϩ), ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ, ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϯЀϲϮЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϼ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ τϡϮϲ ϒϦϬϽϦ, ϰϯϲϬϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩЀ ϲϦϢЀ ϣϲϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϭϼ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϯ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϡϦϭϲЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϦϺϩ ϣ ϰϯϥϬϩϮϮϯϪ ϩ϶ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϦ674, ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϩ϶ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ. Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ, ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϩ (ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ), ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ, 674 ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 87. § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ 327 ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯ-ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ (ϥϦϵϩϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ) ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ, ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «theoretical saturation»), ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϮϡϴϫϯЂϭϫϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϩ ϷϩϳϡϳϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡϭϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϭϦϺϦϮϩЀ Ϸϩϳϡϳ «ϩϨ ϣϳϯϱϼ϶ ϩ ϳϱϦϳϽϩ϶ ϱϴϫ» Ϸϩϳϡϳϡϭϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϨ ϰϦϱϣϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ. ςϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϯϭϴ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯϤϱϡϵϴ υϧϦϪϭϲϴ ύϿϱϱϦϿ ϰϱϩϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϭϼϲϬϽ: «ϗϩϳϡϳϡϭϩ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϬϿϢϴϿ ϭϼϲϬϽ – ϦϲϬϩ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϴ ϳϦϢЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ Ϸϩϳϡϳ». ϓϦϫϲϳ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϡϲϼϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩϦϭ (ϥϯϲϳϱϯϪϫϯϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦϭ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϫϯϮϮϯϳϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯϫϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϡϳϽϲЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϭ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ, ϭϦϳϡϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϭϩ ϣϱϦϨϫϡϭϩ, ϲϲϼϬϯϸϮϯ-ϲϮϯϲϯϸϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ, ϣϼϮϯϲϮϼϭϩ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀϭϩ. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϯϤϡϺЂϮ «ϰϱϩϲϡϥϫϯϪ» ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ (ϯϢϨϯϱϡ, ϲϰϱϡϣϫϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.). ϒϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ, ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϹϫϯϬ ϥϡЂϳ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ. σ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϮϴϧϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼϭϩ, ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ, ϯϥϮϯϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϣϼϭϩ. ωϢϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϲϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϱϡϨϮЀϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϡϭϩ – ϭЀϤϫϩϭ, ϯϱϡϮϧϦϣϼϭ, ϲϬϡϥϫϩϭ, ϫϱϴϤϬϼϭ, Ϭϩϰϫϩϭ, ϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϼϭ, ϶ϱϴϰϫϩϭ ϩ ϳЀϧЂϬϼϭ (ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣϼϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϯϣ). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϴ, «ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ. ώϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϸϩϲϳϯϪ, ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϦϮϮϯ, ϸϦϭ ϰϦϳϡϢϡϪϳϼ ϭϴϲϯϱϡ»675. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ Ͼϳϡϰϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ (ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ) ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϴϧϦ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϐϱϩ Ϩϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϩ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϳϯ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϣ ϳϴϰϩϫ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ (ϨϥϦϲϽ – ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ) ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϪ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ. 675 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 18. 328 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ όϿϢϯϦ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ, ϡ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϴϧϦ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϯϭϴ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϣϯϲ϶ϩϺϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ, ϥϬЀ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϲϩϬϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϩ϶ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ. σ ϶ϯϥϦ ϩ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϵϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϯϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϨϮϡϫϯϣ ϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ – ϯϳ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϫ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϩϦϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ676. ϋ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϼϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭ ϭϼ ϯϳϮϦϲЂϭ ϩ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ. ϖϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϮϯϪ ϸϦϱϳϯϪ ϲϳϩϬЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ϶ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ (ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϩϮϳϦϱϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ), ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ677. ύϯϧϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϰϬϯϳϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϪ (ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϪ) ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϩ ϳϴϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ, ϸϳϯ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϰϱϯϣϯϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ. σ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ ϮϦϳ ϫϯϮϲϦϮϲϴϲϡ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϱϡϨϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϼϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϲ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϭ (ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ) ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϮϡϸϦ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϱϩϲϫ, ϸϳϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϳϦϱЀϦϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϲϣЀϨϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϦϲϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ ϱϡϲϳЀϮϴϳϼ678. ώϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϫϡϫ ϴϧϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϣϹϡЀϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϳ-ϣϯϳ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϭϡЀ) – Ͼϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϴϧϦ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϦ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϦ (ϰϯϥ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ) ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϳϡϫ ϸϳϯ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϲϢϯϱ (ϥϯϢϯϱ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϮϦϲЂϳ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϱϯϲϳϡ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣϮϯϣϽ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ) ϩ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ, ϮϦ ϰϯϣϬϩЀϦϳ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϣϼϣϯϥϼ 676 ϋϴϱϬϯϣ ρ.ς., ϐϦϳϱϯϣ σ.ϋ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϲϰϦϫϳ, 2014. – 384 ϲ. – ϒ. 143. 677 ύϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ / ρϣϳ.-ϲϯϲϳ. ϒ.ρ. ϓϱϴϺϦϬЂϣ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ώ. υϦϮϩϲϯϣϡ. 3-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰ. – ύ.: τϞϏϓρϑ-ύϦϥϩϡ, 2009. – 416 ϲ. – ϒ. 120. 678 Saunders B., Sim J., Kingstone T., Baker S., Waterfield J. et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization [ώϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ: ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ] // Quality and Quantity. – 2018. – Vol. 52. – ࠪ 4. – P. 1893–1907. – P. 1893. § 5.9. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ 329 ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϴϧϦ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀ ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ, ϵϯϫϴϲ-Ϥϱϴϰϰ ϩϬϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϣϦϬϩϫϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϡϸϮЂϳ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϳϦϭϼ (ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ) ϢϦϨ ϫϡϫϩ϶-ϬϩϢϯ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϣϡϱϩϡϷϩϪ, ϫϡϫϯϪ Ϣϼ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ679. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩ ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϱЀϥϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ρ.ϒ. ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ, «ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ Ϯϡ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϬϩϮϩϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ, ϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϮϡЀ. σϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϩϥϴϳ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯ. ϐϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϬϩϮϩϪ, ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ, ϴϣϦϬϩϸϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ, ϰϯϣϼϹϡϦϳϲЀ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϣϯϨϱϡϲϳϡϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϬϦϴϲϳϱϦϭϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ»680. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ Ϯϡ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϴϧϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϡ ϤϯϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ ϤϯϳϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϲϳ-ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮϦ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. 679 Data Saturation in Qualitative Research [ώϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶] // <https://www.quantilope.com/resources/glossary-data-saturation-inqualitative-research>. – 20.05.2022. 680 ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ ρ.ϒ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ: ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: ϑϦϰϱϯ, 1993. – 175 ϲ. – ϒ. 74. 330 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? ώϦϰϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϦϭ (sine qua non, ϲϯϫϱϡϺ. ϯϳ Ϭϡϳ. conditio sine qua non – «ϳϯ, ϢϦϨ ϸϦϤϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ») ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϑϦϮϦ υϦϫϡϱϳϡ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϭϴ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϲ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϳϽ: ϭϼ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϬϩ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϰϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϮϦϥϯϲϭϯϳϱϴ681 ϩ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϮϦϥϯϭϼϲϬϩϿ. ώϩϸϳϯ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ (ϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ) ϢϼϳϽ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϯ, ϩϢϯ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱЀϭϯ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ. ύϦϧϥϴ ϳϦϭ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ ϩϨ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϸϳϦϮϯ. ϓϡϫ, ϦϲϳϽ ϱϩϲϫ ϴ϶ϯϥϡ ϣ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯϦ ϩϲϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦϭ ϮϡϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϨϣϮϦ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϣϦϲϳϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϥϮϯϪ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ – ϰϱϩ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϴϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ (ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ – ϰϯϥϤϯϮϫϯϪ) ϣ «ϰϱϯϫϱϴϲϳϯϣϯ ϬϯϧϦ» ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϥϦϯϬϯϤϦϭ, ϣ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϦ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϬϯϥϯϳϣϯϱϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϴϳϦϪ. ϏϳϫϡϨ ϰϯϥϸϩϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϭϴ ϥϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϢϴϥϩϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϣϯϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϯϱϯϿ ϥϡϧϦ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭ Ͼϳϡϰϡϭ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϦϮϦ υϦϫϡϱϳϴ, «ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϰϡϥϡϿϳ ϬϿϥϩ…, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϬϿϥϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩϨ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϩϨ ϰϯϲϰϦϹϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ»682. ώϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϏϬϥϯϲ ϖϡϫϲϬϩ, «ϵϡϫϳϼ ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϳϡϿϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϩ϶ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϿϳ»683. ϒϯϢϱϡϮϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϴϿ Ͼϭϰϩϱϩϫϴ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ «ϨϡϫϯϬϽϷϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ» ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϣϲЂ Ϯϡ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϩϭ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϩϭ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϴϧϦ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϫϡϫ ϮϦϤϯϥϮϼϦ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩϨ-Ϩϡ ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϤϯ ϫ Ϯϩϭ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ. 681 υϦϫϡϱϳ ϑ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. ϩ ϬϡϳϩϮ., ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳ. σ.σ. ϒϯϫϯϬϯϣϡ. – ύ.: τϯϲϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϥϡϳ, 1950. – 712 ϲ. – ϒ. 102. 682 υϦϫϡϱϳ ϑ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. ϩ ϬϡϳϩϮ., ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳ. σ.σ. ϒϯϫϯϬϯϣϡ. – ύ.: τϯϲϰϯϬϩϳϩϨϥϡϳ, 1950. – 712 ϲ. – ϒ. 83–84. 683 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Oxford Dictionary of Quotations by Subject. Second edition. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. – 574 p. – P. 167. § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? 331 ϔϰϴϺϦϮϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ, ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ, ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϼ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϼ϶ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϲ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ), ϫϯϮϮϯϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϼ, ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ (ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϦ ϡϮϯϭϡϬϩϩ, ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀ, ϲϫϱϼϳϼϦ ϴϤϱϯϨϼ ϩ ϥϱ.), ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ, ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϼ (ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡϮϳϼ), ϡϫϳϯϱϼ (ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϩϤϱϯϫϩ) ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϫϡϱϥϩϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϫϡϨϩϳϽ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ϶ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ώϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϳϽ, ϫϡϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϭϦϬϯϸϡϭ ϩ ϫϡϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϤϱϡϿϳ ϭϦϬϯϸϩ ϣ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϦ, ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ, ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϦ ϩ ϭϮ. ϥϱ. ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶. ϓϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ (ϰϯϱϯϿ, ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯ) ϣϡϧϮϼ. ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϣϦϬϩϫ ϱϩϲϫ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϲ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭϩ ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶, ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϼ϶, ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ – ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼ϶ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϯ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϩ ϯ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϲ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦϭ «ϲϬϦϰϼ϶ ϨϯϮ» ϣ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϲ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦϭ (ϴϳϱϡϳϯϪ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϴϸЂϳϡ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϤϯ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϫ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϳϲϦϫϡϿϳϲЀ (ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼϦ ϫϡϫ «ϮϦϮϴϧϮϼϦ» ϩ «ϮϦϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ») ϭϦϬϯϸϩ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-22). ϑϩϲ. 5-22. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϵϯϱϭϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ «ϲϼϱϯϤϯ» ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ (Ϯϡ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϦϣϡ) ϲϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ (Ϯϡ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϣ ϷϦϮϳϱϦ) – ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϰϱϩϪϳϩ ϫ ϢϬϩϨϫϯϪ ϫ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϢϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϲϰϱϡϣϡ). ύϩϮϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϡϥϩϿ, ϯϳϱϡϧЂϮϮϴϿ Ϯϡ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϣ ϷϦϮϳϱϦ, ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϩ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡ ϮϦϪ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϴϳϦϱЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ. 332 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϔϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ – ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϨϡϢϼϣ ϣϼϲϬϴϹϡϮϮϯϦ, ϣϯϣϱϦϭЀ ϮϦ ϨϡϫϱϦϰϩϣ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϭϦϳϫϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ, ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡЀ, ϮϡϫϯϮϦϷ684. ρ ϣϦϥϽ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϥϱϦϣϮϦϤϱϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϡ ϞϰϩϫϳϦϳϡ, «ϰϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϥϡϬϡ ϬϿϥЀϭ ϯϥϩϮ ЀϨϼϫ, Ϯϯ ϥϣϡ ϴ϶ϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϣ ϥϣϡ ϱϡϨϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ»685. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϑϡϬϽϵϡ ώϩϫϯϬϲϡ ϩ όϦϯϮϡϱϥϡ ϒϳϩϣϦϮϲϡ, ϲϱϡϨϴ ϧϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϢϼϸϮϼϪ (ϲϱϦϥϮϩϪ) ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϰϱϯϲϬϴϹϡϬ ϸϽϿ-ϳϯ ϱϦϸϽ, ϯϮ ϰϯϭϮϩϳ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϫϯϬϯ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϼ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮ ϴϲϬϼϹϡϬ, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϮ ϥϴϭϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϬ; ϸϦϱϦϨ ϥϣϡ ϭϦϲЀϷϡ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϲϬϴϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϱϦϥϮϩϪ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬϽ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϰϯϭϮϩϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϫϯϬϯ 25 % ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ; ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ ϫϡϫ ϭϼ Ϧϥϣϡ ϣϼϴϸϩϬϩ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ, ϭϼ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϼ ϨϡϢϼϣϡϳϽ ϯϳ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϼ ϥϯ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϳϱϦϳϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϲϽϭϩ ϸϡϲϯϣ; ϰϯϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϸϡϲϳϯ Ϩϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϫ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϭϼ ϨϡϢϼϣϡϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ Ϩϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϹϦϲϳϽ ϭϦϲЀϷϦϣ686. ώϯ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϭ («ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϯϭ») ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣϼϨϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϤϯ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ687), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϮϦϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϩ ϴϸЂϳ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϣ. 684 ϒϭ.: ύϦϱϵϩ ϋ. ϓϼ ϮϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϦϹϽ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ, ϱϡϨϴϸϩϣϹϩϲϽ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ, ϩ ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ. – ύ.: Ϟϫϲϭϯ, 2022. ρϳϣϡϳϦϱ ω. Ϡ σϡϲ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ… ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ: ϒϯϫϱϡϺ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 2-Ϧ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 111 ϲ. 685 Epictetus. The Golden Sayings of Epictetus. – Cleveland (Ohio, USA): Booklassic, 2015. 686 Nichols R.G., Stevens L.A. Listening to People [ϒϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϬϿϥϦϪ] // Harvard Business Review. – 1957, September. <https://hbr.org/1957/09/listening-to-people>. Kramar E.J.J., Lewis T.B. Comparison of Visual and Nonvisual Listening [ϒϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϬϴϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ] // Journal of Communication. – 1951, November. – Vol. 1. – ࠪ 2. – P. 16–20. Heilman A.W. An Investigation in Measuring and Improving Listening Ability of College Freshmen [ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϿ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϴ ϰϦϱϣϯϫϴϱϲϮϩϫϯϣ ϫϯϬϬϦϥϧϦϪ] // Speech Monographs. – 1951, November. – Vol. 18. – ࠪ 4. – P. 302–308. 687 ϒϭ.: ϐϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ // ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 339–346. <https://statereligion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? 333 ϏϥϮϯϪ ϩϨ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϫ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϿ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϬϿϥϩϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϼ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϡϸϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ, ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϥϬЀ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ688. ύϮϯϤϩϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϡ (ϰϯϢϯϸϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϯϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ) ϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϡЀ ϰϱϦϥϣϨЀϳϯϲϳϽ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϦϭϰϵϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϥϬЀ ϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼ϶ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ, ϸϳϯ ϾϫϲϰϯϮϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϲϳϴϳ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϓϡϫ, ϥϩϱϦϫϳϯϱ ώϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϤϦϮϳϲϳϣϡ ϤϦϯϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϒϙρ ϰϯϥϲϸϩϳϡϬ, ϸϳϯ ϫ 2037 Ϥϯϥϴ ϡϤϦϮϳϲϳϣϴ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ ϾϫϣϩϣϡϬϦϮϳ ϣϯϲϽϭϩ ϭϩϬϬϩϯϮϯϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϥϬЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϡ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ689. ϒ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϫϯϱϯϳϦϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϪ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϭϯϲϳϽϿ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, «ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϯϬϤϯ ϰϩϹϴϳϲЀ, ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ, ϯϥϯϢϱЀϿϳϲЀ, ϱϡϨϭϮϯϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϼϬϡϿϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϴϲϳϡϱϦϣϹϩϭϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϿϳ ϣ ϱϴϫϩ ϳϦϭ, ϫϯϭϴ ϯϮϩ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϡϬϩϲϽ… ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϳϦϱЀϦϳ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϴ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ 6 ϥϮϦϪ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϦЂ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ… σ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ… ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϭ “ϭϡϬϯ, Ϯϯ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ”, ϲ ϳϦϭ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϫ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϴ “ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ” ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ Ϯϡ ϲϣϦϳ ϯϮ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϬ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϮϯϣϦϪϹϩϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϩ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϯϰϡϥЂϳ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϳϯ ϦϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ, ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϦϤϯ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮЀЀ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϡϩϣϼϲϹϦϪ»690. 688 Ryder R.M. Domain Awareness Superiority Is the Future of Military Intelligence [ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ] // Military Review. – 2021, November-December. – P. 67–74. – P. 72. 689 Cardillo R. Small Satellites – Big Data [ύϡϬϼϦ ϲϰϴϳϮϩϫϩ – ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ] / Remarks, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 7 August 2017) // <https://www.nga.mil/news/Small_Satellites_-_Big_Data.html>. – 08.08.2017. Ryder R.M. Domain Awareness Superiority Is the Future of Military Intelligence [ϐϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ] // Military Review. – 2021, November-December. – P. 67–74. – P. 71. 690 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 56. 334 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ φϺЂ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϫϡ ϲ ϣϼϢϯϱϯϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «granularity») ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϔϰϴϺϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. ϐϯ ϑϡϲϲϦϬϴ ρϫϯϵϵϴ, «ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϩϭ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ ϣϦϺϡϭ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϴ, ϩ ϭϼ ϮϦ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϴϦϭ Ϯϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϩϭϦϦϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϢϩϱϡϳϽ, Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϩϨ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ… ϓϯϳ, ϫϳϯ ϲϫϬϯϮϦϮ ϰϱϩϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϫ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀϭ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϳ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϴ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϼϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϩ, ϲϸϩϳϡЀ ϩ϶ “ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ”, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϩ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϴϿ ϰϴϳϦϣϯϥϮϴϿ ϮϩϳϽ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϭϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϭϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ»691. ω ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϭ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡϭ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-23). ϑϩϲ. 5-23. ϏϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ Ϯϡ ϷϩϵϦϱϢϬϡϳϦ ϸϡϲϯϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ «ϭϦϬϯϸϩ» (ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϪ), ϫϡϫ ϸϡϲϯϣϡЀ ϲϳϱϦϬϫϡ, ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϢϦϲϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ Ͼϳϩ «ϸϡϲϼ». 691 ρϫϯϵϵ ϑ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.τ. ϋϯϣϡϬϦϮϫϯ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. φ.ϋ. ύϡϲϬϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1982. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 119. § 5.10. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ: ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ? 335 υϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϯϪ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ, ϫϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, «϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϭϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϬϡϮ, ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϮϦ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ Ϯϩ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϴϨϬϯϣϼ϶ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϣ»692. ϑϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϣϯϪϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϦϱϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϪ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϴϢϬϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ. ϔϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϼϪ ϩϨ ϣϩϥϴ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϭϦϬϯϸϽϿ, Ϯϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϭϦϬϯϸϡϭ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϿ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ (ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϣ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶), ϫϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ρ.ϒ. ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ, «ϲϡϭϯϦ ϰϱϩϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫϯ ϣϲϦϭϴ Ϯϯϣϯϭϴ ϩ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϺϦϭϴϲЀ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϦϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ. σϲЂ ϮϦЀϲϮϯϦ, ϮϦϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϦ, ϲϭϴϳϮϯϦ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ ϭϩϭϯ ϦϤϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϼ϶ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϳϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϯϬϮϼϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ, ϩϮϡϸϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϮϦϯϢϼϸϮϯϦ»693. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϮϦϥϯϸЂϳϡ (ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡ) ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϭ, ϲϭϴϳϮϯ ϰϯϫϡ ϲϦϢϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϭ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϫϡ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϭϼϭ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ. ώϯ, ϰϯϱϯϿ, ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϩ ϴϢϦϱϦϤϡϿϳ ϯϳ ϫϱϴϰϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϣϡϬϯϣ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. φϲϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϡϳϱϩϸϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϦ ϣϲϫϱϼϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϮϦϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϴϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ϶694. ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮ ϳϯϳ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «Ϙϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ?» («ύϯϤϬϩ Ϭϩ ϭϼ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ? Ϙϳϯ ϧϦ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϳϩϬϩ?»), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲ ϱϯϬϦϣϯϪ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϯϪ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ. 692 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 40. 693 ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ ρ.ϒ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ: ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: ϑϦϰϱϯ, 1993. – 175 ϲ. – ϒ. 122, 102. 694 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 95–110. 336 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ώϦ ϥϴϭϡϪϳϦ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭ ϨϡϰϩϲϼϣϡϪϳϦ, ϲϱϡϨϴ ϥϴϭϡϪϳϦ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ. τϡϱϱϩ ϋϦϭϦϬϽϭϡϮ695. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ σ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϱЀϥ ϰϡϱϡϥϯϫϲϯϣ, ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϴ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϥϯϫϲϯϣ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ: ϣ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ (ϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ, ϩϮϯϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ) ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮ, ϣϼϰϴϺϦϮ ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ. ωϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϦϬϦϭ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϺϩϫϯϭ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϥϬЀ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϩϭ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ696. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϫϱϡϦϴϤϯϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϡϭϦϮϽ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϴϳϩ ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϤϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ (ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ) ϰϱϯϣϦϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. ω ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϽ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϯϳϸЂϳϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϴϭϡϤ ϬϩϹϡϦϳ ϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϡϭϯϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϲϡϭϯϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϡ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϡϦϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ. ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϳ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ 695 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Advice to Writers: A Compendium of Quotes, Anecdotes, and Writerly Wisdom from a Dazzling Array of Literary Lights [ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬЀϭ: ϒϢϯϱϮϩϫ Ϸϩϳϡϳ, ϡϮϦϫϥϯϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϯϲϬϦϰϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϮϼ϶ ϲϣϦϳϩϬ] / Jon Winokur. – New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group; Vintage Books, 1999. – 164 p. 696 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for analytic cognition: Guide for doing all-source intelligence analysis [ϑϡϭϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 / Air Force research laboratory, 711 TH Human performance wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, WrightPatterson air force base, Air Force Materiel Command of the United States Air Force. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA), 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 4. § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ 337 ϰϩϹϴϳ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϷϩϱϴϿϳ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϡ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢ Ͼϳϯϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϰϯϫϯϬϦϮϩЀϭ. «ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϫϱϩϨϩϲ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ, – ϰϩϲϡϬ όϩ ϏϥϦϬϬ. – ύϮϯϤϩϦ ϩϨ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϫϬϩ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ; ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϰϩϹϴϳ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϢϦϤϬϯ, ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ, ϫϡϫ Ϯϡϭ ϶ϯϳϦϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ»697. Ϟϳϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϰϯ-ϰϱϦϧϮϦϭϴ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡ ϩ ϯϲϳϱϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϬϩϷ, ϲϡϭϯϩϭϦϮϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϦϢЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ ϲϫϯϬϽϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ – Ͼϳϯ Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϯϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ «ϨϡϬϩϣϫϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϫϯϪ» ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϢϴϭϡϤϩ. ω ϱϦϸϽ ϣϯϣϲϦ ϮϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ Ϭϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ, ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϦϺЂ ϣ ϹϫϯϬϦ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽ Ϣϴϫϣϼ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϲϬϯϣϡ – ϣ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ – ϣ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϣϼϪϳϩ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ. υϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯϭ, ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϮϡϣϼϫϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϡϰϱЀϧЂϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϮϩϱϯϣϯϫ, ϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ. ώϯ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϱϡϨϯϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϧϦ ϳϡϫϯϦ – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ? 2. Ϗ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϩ ϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϩϫϬ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϲϢϯϱϡ (ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ) ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ϶ ϵϩϬϽϳϱϡϷϩϩ, ϩ϶ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϐϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϣϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϡ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϮϦϭϼϲϬϩϭϡ ϢϦϨ ϨϡϰϩϲϦϪ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϴϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical writing»; ϩϮϡϸϦ – ϾϰϩϲϳϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϡϮϤϬ. – «epistemic writing») ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϵϯϱϭϯϪ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «writing as thinking») ϩ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϯϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϺϩϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϭ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ. 697 Odell L. Teaching Writing by Teaching the Process of Discovery: An Interdisciplinary Enterprise [ϏϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ: ύϦϧϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡϱϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϳ] // Cognitive processes in writing [ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϰϩϲϽϭϦ] / Edited by Lee W. Gregg and Erwin R. Steinberg. – New York: Routledge, 1980. 338 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ Ϟϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϯ-ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼϭ, ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϼϭ, ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϩ ϥϱ. σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϭ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϩϥϦЀ, ϦЂ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩЀ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ (ϲϳϱϯϪ) ϩ ϥϩϨϡϪϮ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϳϩϬϽ ϩ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ) ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϪ (ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϭϼϲϬϦϪ) ϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϼ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϾϫϲϳϦϱϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ (ϣϯϣϮϦ) ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϳϱϦϳϽϩϭϩ ϬϩϷϡϭϩ (ϥϬЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮ), ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϸϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϲ ϮϡϸϡϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϩϱϴЀ ϩ϶ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϯϲϳϩ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϲϳϡϱϼ϶ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶) ϩ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϥϦϪ (ϩ «ϥϱϯϢϦϪ» ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶). τϦϮϦϱϡϷϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϦ ϩ ϮϦϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϭϯ ϷϦϮϮϦϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ. Ϟϳϩ ϥϣϡ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϱϡϨϥϦϬЀϳϽ: ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϺϩϪ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϩ ϰϴϢϬϩϷϩϲϳ-ϱϦϱϡϪϳϦϱ («ϫϯϰϩϱϡϪϳϦϱ»), Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ – ϨϡϬϩϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ (ϮϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ) ϨϡϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ, – Ͼϳϯ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ «ϣϲϦϬϦϮϮϼ϶». ςϦϲϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϲϫϯϬϽ Ϣϼ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼϭ ϲϬϯϤϯϭ ϯϮ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮ, ϮϦ ϨϡϭϦϮϩϳ ϩ Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϥϮϯϱϡϮϤϯϣϯ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲЂϮ ϲ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ, ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϭ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϲϴ϶ϩϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ, Ϯϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϭ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ, ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩϦ ϰϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϴ ϩϥϦϩ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ ρϬϬϡϮ τϯϬϬϩϮϲ ϩ υϦϥϱϦ τϦϮϳϮϦϱ, ϣϡϧϮϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϣϯϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳ Ϭϩ ϯϮϩ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϲϬϯϣ, ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϡϢϨϡϷϦϣ ϩϬϩ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϴϿ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϿϺϴϿ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϤϱϡϭϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡϭ. σ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϩϥϦϪ ϲϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϬϩϹϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ. ϖϯϳЀ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϰϯϥϸϩϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡϭ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ (ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϫϯϥϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϡ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ… σϡϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ. ϏϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϣϱϦϥϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ – ϰϴϳϡϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϴ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ Ϯϡϥ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϲ ϱϡϢϯϳϯϪ Ϯϡϥ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϭ, ϳϡϫ ϸϳϯ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣϲϳϴϰϡϿϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ 339 ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϱϡϮϮϦϪ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ, ϦϺЂ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϩϥϦϩ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ. ϋϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ, ϡϣϳϯϱ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϱϡϳϩϳ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϲϩϬ Ϯϡ ϹϬϩϵϯϣϫϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϣ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϢϱϯϹϦϮϡ, Ϯϯ, ϸϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϶ϴϧϦ, ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϰϯ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϴϳϱϡϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϧϦϬϡϦϭϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϭ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϩ. ώϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩϭ ϡϣϳϯϱϡϭ ϯϳϸϡϲϳϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϼϭϩ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϭϩ, ϲϡϭϯϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϣϼϭϩ, ϮϴϧϥϡϿϺϩϭϩϲЀ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯЀϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϩϳϯϤϦ ϰϯϨϥϮϦϦ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϸЂϳϫϩ϶, ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ. ϓϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϰϼϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϽ ϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϣ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϡϱϡϥϯϫϲϦ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϳϯ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϤϬϡϨϡϭϩ ϩϥϦϿ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϣ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϴ϶ϣϡϳϩϳϽ ϦЂ, ϩ ϸϳϯ, ϮϡϪϥЀ ϩϥϦϿ, ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ ϯϳϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϮϦЂ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϭ, ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮЀϬϩ Ͼϳϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϺϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ698 ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ. σ ϲϩϬϴ ϣϼϹϦϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ, ϡ ϰϯϱϯϿ – ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϯ. ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϲϬϯϣϯϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ – ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϼϬϯ ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϯ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϩ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϬϩ (Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ), Ϯϯ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ЀϲϮϯ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ, ϲϧϡϳϯ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ, ϲ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϩ ϩ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϦϢЀ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ Ͼϳϡϰϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ϞϰϩϲϳϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϮϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϽϿ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ωϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϦϭϦ, Ϯϯ ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϴ ϰϩϹϴϺϦϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ. ϐϩϲϽϭϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϥϦϩ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϦ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϩϥϦϩ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϮϼϦ ϳϦϭϼ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ. ϞϰϩϲϳϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ 698 Gollins A., Gentner D. A Framework for a Cognitive Theory of Writing [ϑϡϭϯϸϮϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ] // Cognitive processes in writing [ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϰϩϲϽϭϦ] / Edited by Lee W. Gregg and Erwin R. Steinberg. – New York: Routledge, 1980. 340 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩϥϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϦ ϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϨϡϰϩϲϦϪ, ϯϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϭϴ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϣϡϹϩ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϿ ϢϯϤϡϳϲϳϣϡ ϩ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ϲϴϳϩ, ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϫϡϫ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ [Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ] ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϲϡϭϩϭ ϲϯϢϯϪ. ρϫϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϸϩϳϡϢϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ; ϯϮ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϩϳϽ ϲϣϯЂ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϡϣϳϯϱ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϯϮϦϲϳϩ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϳϽ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϳЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. σϮϦϹϮϦϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϦ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϭϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϲϡϭϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϩ ϯϢϭϦϮϡ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϭϼϲϬЀϭϩ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩ϶ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϬϽϹϦ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϣϲϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϣ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ, ϬϦϤϫϯ ϮϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϽ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϩϥϦϩ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϧϦ ϨϡϥϴϭϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡϥ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ ϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϨϴϸϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϬϯϣϴϹϦϫ699. 3. ϓϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϩϲϽϭϴ ϋϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯ. Ϟϳϯ ϧϦ ϫϡϲϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϙϦϱϭϡϮϴ ϋϦϮϳϴ, ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϴϸЂϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ, ϲ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϩ ϣϲϦϭϩ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϦϱϣϼϦ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ, ϰϱϯϹϬϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ ϣ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ ϨϡϺϩϳϼ ϯϳ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϦϪ700. 699 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for analytic cognition: Guide for doing all-source intelligence analysis [ϑϡϭϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϬϮϯϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 / Air Force research laboratory, 711 TH Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, WrightPatterson air force base, Air Force Materiel Command of the United States Air Force. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA), 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 7, 31–32. 700 Kent S. Strategic intelligence for American world policy [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϯϪ ϭϩϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Hamden, Connecticut, USA): Archon books, 1965. – xxvii; 226 p. – P. 199. § 5.11. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ 341 σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ (ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ, ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯ ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϥϦϲЀϳϫϩ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϩ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫ, ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϲ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ) ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ (ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϩ϶): – ϭϦϳϡϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϳϡϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϩ; – ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϦϤϬϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϳϱϩϣϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶, Ϯϯ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical originality»); – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϩ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. 342 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.12. ωϥϦЀ ϩ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϣϼϲϯϫϴϿ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϫ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ701. ϓϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϯ – ϣϡϧϮϼϪ ϵϩϬϽϳϱ702 ϣ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ Ϥϯϳϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϏϲϮϯϣϡ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ – ϩϥϦЀ, ϫϡϫ «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϰϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϭϩϱϡ ϣ ϭϼϲϬϩ»703, ϫϡϫ «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϡЀ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϦϤϯ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ»704. ωϥϦЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϥϡϮϡ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϲϳϡϱϡϮϩЀϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϯϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϰϯϮϳϡϮϮϯ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϡϷϩϩ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϩ – ϵϯϱϭϼ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϱϯϧϥϡϿϺϦϪ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϯϨϡϱϦϮϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϱϼϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϦϭ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ ЀϱϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϯ ςϩϬϬϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϲϴ, ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϮϦϥϯϯϷϦϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ705. υϯϢϡϣϩϭ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ ϳϯϧϦ. σ 2020 Ϥϯϥϴ ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩϭ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ ϢϼϬϡ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϡ (ϣ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ Ϯϡ ϱϴϲϲϫϩϪ) ϢϱϯϹϿϱϡ «ϑϴϲϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϴϸϮϼϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϸϩϣϯϲϳϽ»706, ϩϨϥϡϮϮϡЀ ϣ ϤϩϳϬϦϱϯϣϲϫϯϪ τϦϱϭϡϮϩϩ ϣ 1944 Ϥϯϥϴ ϏϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϹϳϡϢϯϭ 1ϒ τϬϡϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ όϿϵϳϣϡϵϵϦ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫ ϢϼϬ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϣϯϲ϶ϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϲϯϣϦϳϲϫϩ϶ ϣϯϩϮϯϣ ϣ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϦ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϸϩϣϯϲϳϩ, ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϩ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϬ ϯϳ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϯϬϥϡϳ ϰϦϱϦϮϩϭϡϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϯϰϼϳ. 701 ςϦϲϬϦϱ ϋ., υϦϱϹϦϬϽ Ϟ., όϡϹϩϮϲϫϩϪ X. ϔϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϮϦϭ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1975. – 189 ϲ. – ϒ. 51. 702 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϔϫϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 352 c. – ϒ. 243. 703 ϏϤϴϱϷϯϣ ρ.ϐ. ωϥϦЀ // ώϯϣϡЀ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ: σ 4 ϳ. / ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ϑρώ, ώϡϷ. ϯϢϺ.-ϮϡϴϸϮ. ϵϯϮϥ; ώϡϴϸϮϯ-ϱϦϥ. ϲϯϣϦϳ: σ.ϒ. ϒϳϦϰϩϮ, ρ.ρ. τϴϲϦϪϮϯϣ, τ.ϟ. ϒϦϭϩϤϩϮ, ρ.ϐ. ϏϤϴϱϷϯϣ. ϓ. 2. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 2010. – 638 ϲ. – ϒ. 83. 704 ϋϯϰϮϩϮ ϐ.σ. ωϥϦЀ // ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ: σ 5 ϳ. / τϬ. ϱϦϥ. ϕ.σ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣ / ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ρώ ϒϒϒϑ. ϓ. 2. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ, 1962. – 576 ϲ. – ϒ. 234–237. – ϒ. 234. 705 ϕϱϾϮϫϲ ς. ϔϫϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϫϡϫ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ρ. ςϡϱϡϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2014. – 352 c. – ϒ. 257. 706 ϑϴϲϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϴϸϮϼϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϸϩϣϯϲϳϽ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϮϦϭ. ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ τϬϡϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϡϮϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ όϿϵϳϣϡϵϵϦ 1944 Ϥϯϥϡ, ϲ Ϯϡϴϸ. ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. – ύ.: ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϯϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϩϲϳϯϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ, 2020. – 60 ϲ. § 5.12. ωϥϦЀ ϩ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ 343 ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϯ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϯϮϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϡ ϣϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϣϫϬϡϥ ϣ ϰϯϢϦϥϼ ϣ ϣϯϪϮϡ϶. ϑϴϲϲϫϡЀ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ (ϫϡϫ «ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϱϴϲϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϦϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϮϦϭϦϷϫϩϪ», ϩ ϫϡϫ «ϴϭϯϮϡϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ») ϸϦϱϦϨ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩϪ ϲϳϡϬϡ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϭϦϷϫϯϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ707. ϒϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ – «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϸϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ; ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϥϯϤϡϥϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ, ϲϭϦϳϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ»; ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϭЂϳϫϡ – «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϡϳϽ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϣϦϱϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϬϩϢϯ ϥϦϬϦ; ϲϭϦϳϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ»708. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϿ – ϫϡϫ ϴϸЂϮϯϭϴ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ. ϔϩϬϽЀϭ υϧϦϪϭϲ ϰϩϲϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϤϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, – Ͼϳϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϮϦϭϮϯϤϩϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϦϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫ ϮϦϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϭϴ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ»709. ψϥϦϲϽ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϭϦϲϳϮϯ ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϿ ϳϱϡϢϬϹϴϳϦϱ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «troubleshooter» – ϥϯϲϬϯϣϮϯ «ϯϳϲϳϱϦϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ»). ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ Merriam-Webster ϥϡЂϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϿ ϳϱϡϢϬϹϴϳϦϱ: «1) ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ, ϮϡϮЀϳϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϩϲϰϱϡϣϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϱϦϭϯϮϳϡ ϭϡϹϩϮ ϩ ϯϢϯϱϴϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ; 2) ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ ϣ ϱϡϨϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϥϩϰϬϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϯϱϯϣ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϮϩϫ ϣ ϲϰϯϱϡ϶, ϨϡϹϦϥϹϩ϶ ϣ ϳϴϰϩϫ; 3) ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ»710. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϬЀ Ϯϡϲ ϣ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϯϭ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ: Ͼϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϪ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϫϱϡϲϩϣϼϦ, ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯ-ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ ϩ ϭϡϬϯϨϡϳϱϡϳϮϼϦ, Ϯϯ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. 707 Smekalka, die ewige Lösung aller Probleme [ϒϭϦϫϡϬϫϡ, ϣϦϸϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ] // <https://www.zois-berlin.de/publikationen/zois-spotlight-2020/smekalka-dieewige-loesung-aller-probleme/>. 08.07.2020. 708 ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ: σ 4 ϳ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϐ. φϣϤϦϮϽϦϣϯϪ / ϑρώ, ωϮ-ϳ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸ. ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱ. ϓ. 4. – ύ.: ϑϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ; ϐϯϬϩϤϱϡϵϱϦϲϴϱϲϼ, 1999. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 149, 153. 709 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 58. 710 Troubleshooter [ϏϳϲϳϱϦϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ] // <https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/troubleshooter>. 344 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϳ ϧϦ ϶ϩϱϴϱϤ, Ϯϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϺϩϪ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϬϦ. ρ.ρ. ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ)711. σϡϧϮϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ – ϦϤϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϡ, ϲ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϵϯϫϴϲϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ – ϯϳ ϧϦϬϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϫ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϭϴ ϩ, ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϫ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϭϴ (ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ-ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϯϭϴ), ϲϯϢϩϱϡЀ ϩ ϯϸϩϺϡЀ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϴЀ ϩ ϯϢϯϢϺϡЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ. ϐϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ – ϫϡϫ ϰϱЀϭϼϭϩ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϼϭϩ712, ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϭϩ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ω.ς. ϋϯϱϯϳϫϩϮϯϪ, ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϰϯϾϳϡϰϮϯ, Ϯϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ713. σ ϱϡϣϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϯ ϩ ϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ. ϓϡϫϡЀ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϮϴϧϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϣϦϺϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ ϰϯ ϰϱЀϭϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϩ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ, ϲϦϱϦϥϩϮϼ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϡ714. σ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϡ ϳϯϧϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϡ715. ωϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «non-linear analytics»). 711 ϋϯϫϯϱϩϮ ρ.ρ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ (ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϾϲϲϦ). ωϨϥ. 2-Ϧ (ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮ.).– ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ύτϏϔ, 2009. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 127. 712 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 106–116. 713 ϋϯϱϯϳϫϩϮϡ ω.ς. ρϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ: ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. – ύ.: ϟϱϡϪϳ, 2015. – 295 ϲ. – ϒ. 26. 714 Firth K. Non-linear structures for academic writing [ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϥϬЀ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ] // <https://researchinsiders.blog/2022/09/01/non-linearstructures-for-academic-writing/>. – 01.09.2022. 715 ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 99 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ 345 ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϣϡϨϩ-ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϪ716. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ, «ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϫϮϩϤϩ ϰϩϹϴϳϲЀ. ώϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϫϮϩϤϩ ϰϯ϶ϯϧ Ϯϡ ϣϼϱϡϺϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϦϱϦϣϡ. υϬϩϳϲЀ ϯϮ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ Ϥϯϥϡϭϩ. υϦϬϯ Ͼϳϯ ϳϱϴϥϯЂϭϫϯϦ»717. σ 1980–1990-Ϧ Ϥϯϥϼ υϧϯϮ ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ϶718 ϯϰϩϲϡϬ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮ ϮϦϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «non-sequential reading», «non-linear reading»; ϣ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ «ϲϦϫϣϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ» – ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ) ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϣ ϰϦϱϦϯϲϭϼϲϬϩϳϽ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϼ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϮϩϤϩ) ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϦЂ ϲ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϡ – ϲ ϲϦϱϦϥϩϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ, ϰϦϱϦϰϱϼϤϩϣϡЀ ϰϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ, ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϡЀ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϩ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϭ (ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϭϴ ϸϳϦϮϩϿ ϾϳϯϪ ϫϮϩϤϩ – ϫϯϤϥϡ ϡϣϳϯϱ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϶ϯϳϦϬ Ϣϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϼ ϮϡϸϡϬϩ ϲ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϫϮϩϤϩ ϩ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϸϩϳϡϬϩ ϦЂ ϥϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ). υϧϯϮ ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬ ϰϩϲϡϬ: «ύϼ ϮϦ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ. υϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϳϡϫϯϦ ϸϳϦϮϩϦ – ϥϯϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϥϫϯϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ; ϣ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϫϡϧϥϼ϶ ϥϣϡϥϷϡϳϩ ϩϲϰϼϳϴϦϭϼ϶ ϸϩϳϡϬ ϣϲЂ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡϭ ϩ ϤϬϡϣϡϭ, ϨϡϤϬЀϥϼϣϡϿϳ ϣ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϤϬϡϣϼ ϩ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϼ, ϰϦϱϦϸϩϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϤϬϡϣϼ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ»719. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ υϧϯϮϡ ϋϾϱϱϯϬϬϡ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϬϡϲϽ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ Ϯϡ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ. φϤϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϦϤϯ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ: «σϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϲϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϼ, ϰϯϲϣЀϺЂϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼ ϶ϯϳϩϳϦ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ»720. 716 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϬϤϦϢϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϦϫϱϦϳϼ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ. – ύ.: ϑϔϒρϋω, 2015. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 6. 718 Carroll J.M. The Nurnberg Funnel: Designing Minimalist Instruction for Practical Computer Skill [σϯϱϯϮϫϡ ώϿϱϮϢϦϱϤϡ: ϐϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ Ϯϡϣϼϫϡϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϦ]. – Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): MIT Press, 1990. – 360 p. Carroll J.M. Minimalism Beyond the Nurnberg Funnel [ύϩϮϩϭϡϬϩϨϭ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϣϯϱϯϮϫϩ ώϿϱϮϢϦϱϤϡ]. – Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): MIT Press, 1998. – xii; 416 p. 719 Carroll J.M. Minimalism Beyond the Nurnberg Funnel [ύϩϮϩϭϡϬϩϨϭ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϣϯϱϯϮϫϩ ώϿϱϮϢϦϱϤϡ]. – Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): MIT Press, 1998. – xii; 416 p. – P. 70. 720 Microsoft Excel User's Guide (Version 1.0). – Redmond (WA, USA): Microsoft Corporation, 1985. – P. xv. 717 346 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ Ϟϳϯϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϹϡϢϬϯϮ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϳϦϱЀϦϳ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϳ ϸЂϳϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ» ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ; ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϡϱϦϨϡϦϳϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϭϦϬϫϯ, ϯϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϪ ϯϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ, ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϩ϶ ϦЂ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬ721. ώϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϲϫϬϯϮϮϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ, ϳϯ ϩ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «non-linear analytical writing», «non-linear academic writing»), ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϣ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϰϯϥ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϸϳϦϮϩϦ. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϳϯ ϣ ϰϯϥϡϣϬЀϿϺϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ τϿϮϳϦϱϡ ϋϱϦϲϲϡ, ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϴϳϩ (ϳϱϡϦϫϳϯϱϩϩ) ϸϳϦϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, ϱϡϨϥϦϬϯϣ, ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϣ (ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳ), ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϯϧϩϬ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ, Ϩϡϥϡϣ (ϰϱϯϬϯϧϩϣ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϣ) ϰϴϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϽ ϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϮ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϪϳϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ722. ω Ͼϳϯϳ ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϼϪ «ϰϴϳϽ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ» ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮ, ϨϡϥϡϮ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϭ, ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϴϲϣϯϦϮϩЀ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϦϭ (ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ-ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϭ) ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϮϡϩϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϡ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ. ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϩ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϡϦϳ ϮϡϣϩϤϡϷϩϿ ϰϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϩϹϦϳϲЀ (ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ) ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ, ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϫ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϰϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϮϡϨϡϥ ϩ ϰϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϣϰϦϱЂϥ), ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ, ϰϦϱϦϲϳϱϡϩϣϡЀ, ϰϦϱϦϫϱϡϩϣϡЀ, ϰϦϱϦϰϩϲϼϣϡЀ, ϴϳϯϸϮЀЀ ϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-24 ϩ 5-25). 721 Johnson T. How to design documentation for non-linear reading behavior [ϋϡϫ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ] // <https://idratherbewriting.com/2015/05/15/writing-for-users-who-read-non-sequentially/>. 15.05.2015. 722 Kress G. Literacy in the New Media Age [τϱϡϭϯϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ Ͼϰϯ϶ϴ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϭϦϥϩϡ]. – London: Routledge, 2003. – x; 190 p. – P. 3. § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ 347 ϑϩϲ. 5-24. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϢϯϱϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϫϡϫ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϦ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϩϨ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ Lego). 348 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϑϩϲ. 5-25. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϡ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϱϡϢϬЀ (ϲϮϡϸϡϬϡ – ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϫϯϮϳϴϱϯϣ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϴ, ϥϡϬϦϦ – ϰϱϯϱϩϲϯϣϫϡ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ, ϨϡϳϦϭ – ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϱϩϲϯϣϫϡ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ, ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϫϯϮϷϦ – ϰϯϬϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ)723. 723 ωϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ: Concept for a future European Aircraft Carrier [ϋϯϮϷϦϰϷϩЀ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϦϣϱϯϰϦϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϣϩϡϮϯϲϷϡ] // <https://indowflavour.artstation.com/ projects/ZG5VeN>. § 5.13. ώϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ Ϯϡϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ 349 ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϔϩϬϽЀϭ ψϩϮϲϦϱ, ϫϳϯ-ϳϯ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϰϱϯϦϫϳ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ (ϣ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫϦ) ϣ ϯϥϩϮ ϰϱϩϲϦϲϳ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϷϦϬϩϫϯϭ, ϡ ϫϳϯ-ϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϫϯ ϣϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϡϢϨϡϷϴ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ ϥϯϬϤϯϪ ϣϯϨϮϩ ϲ ϰϦϱϣϼϭ; ϫϳϯ-ϳϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϮϦ ϫϬϦϩϳϲЀ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϢϱϯϲϡϦϳ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϳ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫ ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϥϦϬϯ ϮϦ ϲϥϣϩϮϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϭЂϱϳϣϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϪϥЂϳ Ϯϡ Ϭϡϥ724. ύϦϳϯϥ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϲ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀЀ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϩ, ϳϡϫ ϥϯϣϯϥЀ ϥϦϬϯ ϥϯ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϡ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ (ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ЀϣϮϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ). ρϣϳϯϱ ϰϯ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϮϡϸϡϬϡ Ϯϡ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϮϯϭ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϦϮϩϩ (ϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϩ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϲϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϦϤϯ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭ ϴϧϦ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭ (ϣ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϭϦϲϳϡϭ, ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϮϡϨϡϥ ϩ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥЀ ϣϰϦϱЂϥ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ. (φϲϳϽ ϦϺЂ ϩϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ – ϫϡϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ, ϲϩϭϣϯϬϼ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϳ ϩϨ ϸϦϤϯ-ϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϬϩϮϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϮϡϹ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϮϦ ϯϢ Ͼϳϯϭ). υϬЀ ϲϰϱϡϣϫϩ: ϣ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϩ ϫϩϮϦϭϡϳϯϤϱϡϵϦ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯϦ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϹϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϣ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ) ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ (ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϣ – ϵϩϬϽϭ ϋϣϦϮϳϩϮϡ ϓϡϱϡϮϳϩϮϯ «ϋϱϩϭϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϸϳϩϣϯ»). ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ (ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϳϽ ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϭϡ): ϰϱϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϢϯϱϫϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϦϥϩϮϼϪ, ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯ-ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϱϼϣ; ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϣϦϲϳϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ ϥϯ ϴϭϡ. 724 ψϩϮϲϦϱ ϔ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ: ϋϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϦ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 19, 18. 350 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ Ϡ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϩϧϴ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ. Ϡ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϲϽ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ: ϮϩϸϦϭϴ ϮϦ ϣϦϱϩϳϽ, ϢϱϡϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϩ ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϪ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ Ϩϡϣϳϱϡ ϰϯЀϣЀϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ. ρϥϡϭ ϏϲϢϯϱϮ725. ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϰϡϱϡϤϱϡϵ ϰϯϲϣЀϺЂϮ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϮϦ ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϦ) ϩ ϮϦ ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϑϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϩ, ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϩ ϩϭ ϵϡϨ ϣ ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϴϱϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϼϪ ϰϯϳϯϫ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ: – ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϲ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ (ϰϱϩ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ) ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ (ϰϱϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ), ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϰϯϩϲϫ, ϲϢϯϱ ϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼϦ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϴ ϩ ϩϮϴϿ ϰϱϦϥϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ (ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶) ϾϹϦϬϯϮϯϣ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϥϡϬϦϦ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϲϴϢϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϵϩϮϡϬϦ ϲ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ (ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϨϡϫϯϮϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ), – ϣϼ϶ϯϥЀ Ϯϡ ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϲ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ (ϣϩϥϩϭϼ϶, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ) ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ (ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ 725 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for Analytic Cognition (FAC): A Guide for doing all-source Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 AFRLRH-WP-TR-2012-0109. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA): Air Force Research Laboratory, 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 172. § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 351 (ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϭ) ϷϩϫϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϫϡϣϦϱϮ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ϶ ϢϼϳϽ ϯ϶ϣϡϸϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϴϸϳЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϰϦϱϦϫϬϿϸϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ ϥϯϢϯϱ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ (ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϩϭϩ), ϥϡϬϦϦ – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϥϯϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ, ϴϲϩϬϦϮϩϦ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϦ («ϰϱϯϹϩϣϫϡ» ϴϲϬϯϧϮЀϿϺϩϭϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ), ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϦϦ ϫϯϱϱϩϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ726 ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϴϬϴϸϹϡϿϺϩϦ ϥϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ ϷϩϫϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϳϡϫϩϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭ (ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϨϡϫϯϮϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ). υϣϡ ϷϩϫϬϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ. ώϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϱϦϳϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ ϷϩϫϬϼ ϥϯϲϳϱϯϪϫϩ, ϥϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϲ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϴϱϯϣϮϩ. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϰϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϩ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩϪ ϷϦϬϦϣϼ϶ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϣϮϦϹϮϩϭϩ ϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲϯ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϦϭϼϭϩ (ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϭϩ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ υϧ. ϑϾϮϲϯϭ ϋϬϡϱϫ, ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ; ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ, ϰϯϥϯϢϱϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϩ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϷϦϬϦϣϼϭ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀϭ727. ϐϯ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϴ, ϰϯϲϬϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϬϡϮ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϮϡϭϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϭϦϱϯϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϬϡϮϴ. ϐϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϯϪ, ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϽϿ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϏϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϩ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϣϦϬϩϫϯ, ϳϯ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϬϡϮ, ϡ ϦϲϬϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϳϮϯϦ ϯϳϫϬϯϮϦϮϩϦ, ϳϯ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ, ϮϯϣϼϪ ϰϬϡϮ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. υϡϬϦϦ ϷϩϫϬ ϰϯϣϳϯϱЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϥϩϳ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ728. 726 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. Clark J.R. Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ: ϒϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ]. – Westport (Connecticut, USA): Praeger Security International, 2007. – xi; 194 p. – P. 1. 728 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 220. 727 352 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϏϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϯ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯϭ ϷϩϫϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϰϱϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϲ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ) – ϫϡϫ ϫϱϴϤϯϣϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϩϨ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϵϡϨ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-26 ϩ 5-27). ϑϩϲ. 5-26. χϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 353 ϑϩϲ. 5-27. ϗϩϫϬ ϔϯϬϳϦϱϡ ϙϴ϶ϡϱϳϡ – ϔ. Ϟϥϣϡϱϥϲϡ υϦϭϩϮϤϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Plan-DoCheck-Act Cycle»)729. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϴϿϺϴϿ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϫ ϮϦϭϴ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. σ ϲϩϬϴ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϣϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϲ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϯϣϫϡϭϩ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ730. σ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯϭ ϷϩϫϬϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϩ ϵϡϨ; ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, Ϯϡ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϹϡϤϡ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦ ϢϼϳϽ ϦϥϩϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩЀ. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϼ ϰϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϹϡϤϩ, ϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϳϡϫϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ 729 Deming W.E. Out of the Crisis [ωϨ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϡ]. – Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA): Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Center for Advanced Engineering Study, 2000. 730 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 34. 354 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϡϿϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ͼϳϡϰϼ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ731. ώϯ ϩ ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ Ͼϳϩ ϵϡϨϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϼ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϦϢЀ. ϓϡϫ, ϷϩϫϬ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϯϫ ϩ ϣϼϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϲϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϣϲϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ Ϣϯ˃ϬϽϹϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϣϳϯϱЀϳϽ ϷϩϫϬ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϯϫ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϫ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϿ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϰϯϥϲϫϡϨϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ732. σ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϭ ϷϩϫϬϯϭ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϮϯϧϡϳϲЀ, ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡЀ ϣϲЂ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϴ Ϯϩ϶ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϼϭ. ϓϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϮϿϡϮϲϼ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶733. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϷϩϫϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϼ (ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϣϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϱϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϷϩϪ) ϮϦ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϼ ϩ ϮϦ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϼ ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϫϱϩϣϼ϶ (ϥϴϤ – ϴϸϡϲϳϫϯϣ ϯϫϱϴϧϮϯϲϳϩ), ϰϱϯ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϬϮϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϡ ϱϡϨ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϦϱϼϣϡЀϲϽ ϩ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡЀϲϽ ϫ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϴϸϡϲϳϫϡϭ ϥϴϤ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϯϫϱϴϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϷϩϫϬϡ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϰϯϥ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ ϰϯϥ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϱϡϨϱϦϹϩϭϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, (ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϭ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϺϦϭϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϥϣϡ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ ϴϧϦ Ϯϡ ϾϳϡϰϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϥϣϴ϶ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ. 731 Data Analytics Lifecycle: An Easy Overview for 2022 [χϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϪ ϷϩϫϬ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: ϰϱϯϲϳϯϪ ϯϢϨϯϱ Ϩϡ 2022 Ϥϯϥ] // <https://www.jigsawacademy.com/blogs/hranalytics/data-analytics-lifecycle/>. – 31.10.2022. 732 Kampman C.M., Mangio C.A., Parry T.L., Wilkinson B.J. Framework for Analytic Cognition (FAC): A Guide for doing all-source Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ: ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ] / Interim Report for January 2011 thru December 2011 AFRLRH-WP-TR-2012-0109. – Wright-Patterson (Ohio, USA): Air Force Research Laboratory, 2011. – xi; 208 p. – P. 164, 172. 733 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. § 5.14. ϗϩϫϬϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ 355 ϏϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϮϦ «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϥϦϬϡϬ ϩ ϨϡϢϼϬ», ϡ ϰϱϩ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ϶. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϡ, ϯϮϡ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩϦ ϷϩϫϬϯϣ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩϳϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ), ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϷϩϫϬϡϭϩ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϮϦϥϩϱϦϫϳϮϯϤϯ «ϫϱϴϤϯϬϯϤϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ»734 (ϰϯϬϩϷϦϮϳϱϩϸϮϯ-ϩϭϰϴϬϽϲϮϯϤϯ) ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϩϨ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϵϡϮϳϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 5-28). ϑϩϲ. 5-28. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϮϦϥϩϱϦϫϳϮϯϤϯ (ϰϯϬϩϷϦϮϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ) «ϫϱϴϤϯϬϯϤϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ» ϰϩϲϽϭϡ ϩϨ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϵϡϮϳϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ735 – Ϯϡ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ (ϰϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ) ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ. 734 ϠϮϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ υ. ϠϨϼϫ ϤϦϰϳϡϰϯϥϯϣ: ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ, Ϥϱϡϭϭϡϳϩϫϡ, ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϬϯϤϯϤϱϡϭϭ // <http://yankowsky.ru/heptapog_lang.html>. 735 ϗϩϳϡϳϼ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϫϡϥϱϯϣ ϩϨ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϵϡϮϳϡϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ «ϐϱϩϢϼϳϩϦ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Arrival») ϱϦϧϩϲϲЂϱϡ υϦϮϩ σϩϬϽϮЂϣϡ 2016 Ϥϯϥϡ, ϫϩϮϯϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϪ «Film Nation Entertainment», «Paramount Pictures» ϩ ϥϱ. ϯ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ϶ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ (00:54:38 – 00:54:42) ϩ ϯ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ϶ ϥϦϹϩϵϱϯϣϫϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϭϯϥϦϬЀϭϩ (00:54:36). 356 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ Ϟϳϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ – Ϯϡ ϲϳϼϫϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϰϱϩϸЂϭ ϣϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ ϩ ϢϦϨ Ϯϩ϶, ϥϦϱϧϡ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϤϯϬϯϣϦ, ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀЀ ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϷϩϩ. § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ 357 § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϋϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϣϲЀϫϯϦ ϱϣϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϿ ϸϦϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϯ, ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϯϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϩ Ϯϡϰϱϡϣϩϳ ϫ ϷϦϬϩ, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϹϽϲЀ. ύϡϱϫ ϓϴϬϬϩϪ ϗϩϷϦϱϯϮ. 1. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ τϬϡϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϵϡϢϱϩϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϫϯ-ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ, ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϯϢϬϦϸЂϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϥϯϫϬϡϥϯϣ736. ώϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϨϡϣϦϱϹϡϦϳ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «rapport analytique»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «informe analítico»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical report», «data analysis report», «analysis report») ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳ (ϾϳϡϰϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϡϿϺϦ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ (ϩϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϽ). ωϲϳϩϮϮϯϪ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩ ϰϬϯϥϼ ϩ϶ (ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ) ϴϸЂϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ Ϯϩϫϡϫ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ (ϱϡϥϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ). ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϫϡ, ϮϦ ϲϴϤϴϢϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϮϯϱϭϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ, ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϣϯϥ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲϳϯϬϢϷϼ Ϸϩϵϱ ϩϬϩ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ, Ͼϳϯ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ – ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϪ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. ϐϯ ύ.σ. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϯϪ, ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϷϦϮϦϮϡ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϫϡϫ: 1) ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ, ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ (ϫϡϫ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϡ ϬϯϤϩϫϯ-ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ); 2) ϥϴϢϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϴϧϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ; ϥϬЀ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϴϢϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϡϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ; ϥϴϢϬϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϮϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϡ ϩ ϰϱϩ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϯϰϴϲϫϡϦϳϲЀ. 3) ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ (ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ, ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϺϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϴϿ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ737. 736 υϩϫϲϯϮ ϐ. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1976. – 421 ϲ. – ϒ. 34. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 482. 737 358 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϐϱϩ ϣϲЂϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϩ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩ ϵϯϱϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ, ϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϦ Ѐϥϱϯ ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϧϡϮϱϡ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ – ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ (ϾϳϡϰϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϡϿϺϩϪ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϩ ϣϯϰϬϯϺЂϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϭ (ϰϦϸϡϳϮϯϭ – ϢϴϭϡϧϮϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϭ, ϬϩϢϯ ϱϴϫϯϰϩϲϮϯϭ) ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϦ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ ϩϨ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϯϢϯϤϡϺЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϩϨ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ (ϩ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ – ϰϯϳϯϫϩ) ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼ϶ (ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶) ϩϥϦϪ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϧϡϳϼϪ, ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϪ ϣ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϪ ϰϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϴ (Ϯϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϣϼϲϯϫϯϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϼϪ), ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ, ϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϮϯϣϼϪ ЀϲϮϼϪ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϪ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ, ϮϯϣϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϲϫϱϩϰϷϩϩ (ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ). ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ (ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϦϤϯ ϲϢϯϱϫϡ), ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϣϯϥЀ ϩ «ϰϦϱϦϰϬϡϣϬϩϣϡЀ» ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϲϯϫϱϡϺϡЀ («ϲϧϩϭϡЀ») ϩ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϴЀ ϩ϶, ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡЀ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϿ. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϩϥЂϳ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϯ. ϐϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴЀ, ϸϳϯ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϡϭϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϯϲϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϦ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϩ ϩϳϯϤϯϣϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ ϩ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϩ (ϩϮϡϸϦ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮ), ϰϴϲϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϩ. ϏϳϸЂϳ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϯϢϻЂϭϴ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧЂϮ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 5-29. ϋϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϦϪ (ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϭ) ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ, ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ (ϰϦϱϦϸϮϩ ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩ): – ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϰϬϡϮ ϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϩ ϥϱ.; – ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϳϡ (ϣϱϦϭЀ), ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϵϡϫϳϯϱ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ), ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ, ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϱ.; – ϣ ϫϯϮϳϱϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϕωϏ ϬϩϷϡ (ϩϬϩ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϯϸϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϬϩϷ), ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ, ϲϣЀϨϽ, ϴϤϱϯϨϡ ϩ ϱϩϲϫ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ, ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϱ.; § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ 359 – ϣ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϡ (ϵϯϱϭϴϬϡ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϡ) ϩϬϩ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϩ, ϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϥϱ.; – ϣ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϯϷϦϮϫϡ (ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ), ϭϯϥϦϬϽ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩЀ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨ ϩ ϥϱ. ϐϱϩϭϦϱϯϣ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϭϮϯϤϯ, ϩ ϯϮϩ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϩ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩ ϵϯϱϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ, ϯϢ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϮϦϫϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϯϪ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ (ϫϬϩϹϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ) ϩ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ. ϑϩϲ. 5-29. ϏϢϬϡϲϳϽ («ϰϬϯϺϡϥϫϡ») Ϯϡ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϦ ϲϰϱϡϣϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϣϦϱϹϩϦϭ ϩϨ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϯϱϷϯϣ ϰϡϸϫϩ ϫϡϱϡϮϥϡϹϦϪ (ϲϰϱϡϣϡ ϣϮϩϨϴ), ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϫϡϱϡϮϥϡϹϦϪ ϯϬϩϷϦϳϣϯϱЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϫϡϫϴϿ-ϳϯ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϴϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϿ, ϥϡϣϡЀ ϲϣϯϪ ϣϫϬϡϥ ϣ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ – ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϰϬϯϺϡϥϫϩ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϳϯϱϷϡ (ϰϯϰϦϱϦϸϮϯϪ ϯϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϲϳϩ), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ Ϩϡ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϲϳϯЀϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϼϫϬϡϥϫϩ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϡ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϪ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡ. ώϡ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϦ ϲϬϦϣϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϡ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϧϦ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯ ϰϬϯϺϡϥϩ (ϸϳϯ ϩ ϲϰϱϡϣϡ), ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϡЀ ϮϦϫϴϿ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ (ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϪ), Ϯϯ ϴϧϦ ϢϦϨ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧЂϮ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ, ϯϬϩϷϦϳϣϯϱЀϦϭϼϪ ϮϡϣϦϱϹϩϦϭ ϩϨ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϯϱϷϯϣ ϰϡϸϫϩ ϫϡϱϡϮϥϡϹϦϪ. 360 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ 2. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ, ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩϦ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϡЀ «ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳ ϩ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ» ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϩϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽϲЀ, ϱϡϣϮϯ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ ϯϢϱϡϨ-ϡϭϰϬϴϡ738, ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ, ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϯϰϼϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϤϯϳϯϣЀϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ. ϕϯϱϭϡ, ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϩ ϯϢϻЂϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϣϩϲϦϳϽ ϩ ϯϳ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫϯϪ Ͼϳϯ ϯϳϸЂϳ – ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϪ, ϫϡϫϯϣ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϦϧϦϥϮϦϣϮϼϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϯ, ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϼϪ – ϩϮϯϦ). ώϡϫϯϮϦϷ, ϱϡϭϫϩ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϼ ϦϤϯ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϭ), ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ 30 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷ ϩ ϮϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ 45 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷ, ϲ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϯϭ 50 ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ (ϸϳϯ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϮϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϢϼϸϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϯϢϻЂϭ). ϘϡϺϦ Ͼϳϯ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϳϸЂϳϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϮϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϰϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϼ, ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϼ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϴϰϱϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϬϡϮϼ, ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϣϯϥϫϩ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϰϱϯϲϳϴ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ739. ψϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϩϬϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ – ϨϡϰϱϦϳ) ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϳϸЂϳϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϳϡϫϡЀ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϴϰϱϯϺϡϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ). σ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϳϸЂϳϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϬϯϫϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЂϮϮϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϢϬϯϫ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϢϬϯϫ ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϷϩϪ, ϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩϪ. ώϯ ϯϰЀϳϽ ϧϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϫ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϴ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϰϯϹϡϤϯϣϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϯ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ Ͼϳϩϭ ϩ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡЀϲϽ. ω ϯϳϸЂϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϣϯϥϮϼϭ – ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϭϯϥϴϬϦϪ, ϯϳϸЂϳϮϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϬϩϷϡϭϩ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ. τϥϦ-ϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϳϩϳϴϬϽϮϼϪ Ϭϩϲϳ, ϤϥϦ-ϳϯ Ͼϳϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼϭ. τϥϦ-ϳϯ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϰϩϹϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϯϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ, ϤϥϦ-ϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮ ϱϡϭϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϡϭϩ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϤϯ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϡ. 738 739 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. υϩϫϲϯϮ ϐ. ϕϡϢϱϩϫϩ ϭϼϲϬϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1976. – 421 ϲ. – ϒ. 34. § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ 361 ρ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ-ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ. ϐϯ ϔϩϬϽЀϭϴ ψϩϮϲϦϱϴ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ, «ϩ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϡϭ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϶ϯϳϩϳϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϪ – ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϥϬЀ ϣϡϲ»740. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϾϮϥϯϬϽϵϴ ϕϦϱϲϯϮϴ ϩ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϬϿϢϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϬϿϢϡЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϣϼϣϦϲϳϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩϨ ϤϯϬϯϣϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϴ ϩϬϩ ϾϫϱϡϮ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϡ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϪ741. ψϡϫϡϨϸϩϫ ϣϰϱϡϣϦ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ, ϰϱϩ϶ϯϳϩ ϧϦ ϳϱϦϳϽϩ϶ ϬϩϷ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϬϩϹϦϮϼ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ, ϣϯϫϱϴϤ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ) ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩ ϵϯϱϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϳϸЂϳϯϣ. 3. ωϮϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϳϸЂϳϴ Ϗϳ ϲϱϦϥϮϦϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϨϮϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϴϫϣϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϡϧϥϴϿ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϴ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϦЂ ϰϱϩЂϭ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϣϲϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϼ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶, ϩ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ742. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ – ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ. ϐϦϱϣϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ. ϕϡϫϳ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϫϯϱϮЀ ϴ ϲϬϯϣ «ϯϳϸЂϳ» ϩ «ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯ» ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϳ Ͼϳϯ (ϲϡϭϯϦ ϰϦϱϣϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ) ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϯϳϸЂϳϴ – ϦϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡЀ ϰϯϥ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯϲϳϽϿ ϶ϯϱϯϹϴϿ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ϸЂϳϫϯϲϳϽ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϴϿ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ743, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϦϨϴϰϱϦϸϮϴϿ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ, ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ Ϩϡ϶ϬϡϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϹϮϩϭ. 740 ψϩϮϲϦϱ ϔ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ: ϋϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϮϦ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 292 ϲ. – ϒ. 19. 741 Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CQ Press, 2011. – P. 44 ϵϡϪϬϡ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 742 Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CQ Press, 2011. – P. 37 ϵϡϪϬϡ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 743 ϓϯϬϫϯϣϼϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. υ.ώ. ϔϹϡϫϯϣϡ. ϓ. II. – ύ.: τϯϲ. ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϦϪ, 1938. – ϒϳϬϢϷ. 1011. 362 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϏϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϯϮϡ ϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϩ (ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϷϦϬϦϪ – ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϥϦϬϯϣϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ), ϩϨϢϦϤϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϢϱϦϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϷϦϬϦϣϴϿ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϿ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϦϪ (ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬϦϪ), ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϴ ϫ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀϭ, ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ, ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ, Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϩ, ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϾϳϯϪ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ. ϐϯ ςϱϡϪϡϮϴ ςϡϬϽϵϴϱϴ, «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϦ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϨ ϣϡϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, Ͼϳϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϦϳ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ Ϯϯϣϼϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ. ϐϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЀϳϽ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ. ϒϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ “ϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮ”, ϨϮϡϸϩϳ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϰϯϮЀϬϩ ϣϲЂ, ϸϳϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϯ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬЀ϶, ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϩ ϫϡϮϡϬϡ϶»744. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ ϮϦ ϰϩϹϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϳϩϬϦ – «Ϯϡ ϭϼϲϬЀϺϦϤϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ, ϨϱϩϳϦϬЀ ϩ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬЀ», ϩϤϱϡЀ ϣ ϩϤϱϴ: «ϦϲϳϽ ϥϣϡ ϣϩϥϡ ϬϿϥϦϪ: ϳϦ, ϫϳϯ ϴϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϩ…» ϏϳϸЂϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ. ϖϯϳЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϯϳϸЂϳϴ – ϮϦ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ϯϩϫϡϫϩ϶ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϰϱϯϭϦϧϴϳϯϸϮϼϭϩ ϸϩϲϳϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϡϭϩ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯ ϳϯϧϦ ϵϯϱϭϡ «ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ». ϓϱϦϳϽϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϰϱϩ ϲϫϣϯϨϮϯϪ ϦϤϯ «ϰϱϯϹϩϳϯϲϳϩ» ϦϥϩϮϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϯϪ. ϘϦϳϣЂϱϳϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϩϨϭ, ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϲϳϽ, ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϭϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϣЂϱϳϫϡϭϩ. ϐЀϳϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϳϸЂϳϦ ϢϬϯϫϡ (ϭϯϥϴϬЀ) «σϼϣϯϥϼ» («ψϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦ», «ϑϦϨϿϭϦ»), ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϯϦϥϩϮϯ ϣϲϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϯϩϳϩ ϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϼ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ. ϙϦϲϳϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ (ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ) ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ). ϒϦϥϽϭϯϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϩ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ, ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϩ϶ ϣϦϱϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϡϷϩϩ. 744 Balfour B. How You Battle the «Data Wheel of Death» in Growth [ϋϡϫ ϣϼ ϢϯϱϦϳϦϲϽ ϲ «ϋϯϬϦϲϯϭ ϲϭϦϱϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶» ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϱϯϲϳϡ] // <https://brianbalfour.com/essays/growthdata-mistakes>. – 04.04.2017. § 5.15. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϳϸЂϳ 363 ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϯϮϴ ύϡϫϬϡϵϬϩϮϴ, «ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ: ϣϲϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϮϩ ϣϼϥϣϩϤϡϿϳ»745. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϫ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϸЂϳϡ ϰϱϦϥϻЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ: ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϣϡϬϩϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ, ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϥϱ. 745 McLaughlin J. Foreword [ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ] // Heuer, jr. R.J., Pherson R.H. Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis [ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CQ Press, 2011. – P. 14 ϵϡϪϬϡ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. 364 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ σ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϸϱϦϨϣϼϸϡϪϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ, ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ, ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϩ ϥϱ.). ύϼ ϥϣϩϧϦϭϲЀ ϯϳ ϭϩϱϡ ϥϦϵϩϷϩϳϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫ ϭϩϱϴ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩЀ, ϲϣϦϱ϶ϩϨϯϢϩϬϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶746. σϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «knowledge-driven applications»), ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣϡϧϮϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ. ϓϦϱϭϩϮ «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ» (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «l’ontologie»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «ontology») ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϰϯϬϩϲϦϭϩϸϮϼϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϭ. ϓϦϱϭϩϮ «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ» ϭϯϧϦϳ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϰϱЀϭϯϪ ϩ ϰϯϬϮϼϪ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭ ϾϫϨϩϲϳϦϮϷϩЀ). ϲϬϯϣϡ «ϢϼϳϩϦ» (ϢϼϳϩϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϯϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϴϸϡϦϳ ϢϼϳϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϢϼϳϩϦ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϱϦϸϽ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϩϥЂϳ ϯϢ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϯϢϺϩ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ, ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ, ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϴϺϦϤϯ. ώϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ» ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ, ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ – ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϦ, ϣ ϱЀϥϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϮϼϮϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ747. σ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϫϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϳϩϰ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡ϶ ϮϦϫϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ 746 Cardillo R. Small Satellites – Big Data [ύϡϬϼϦ ϲϰϴϳϮϩϫϩ – ϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ] / Remarks, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 7 August 2017) // <https://www.nga.mil/news/Small_Satellites_-_Big_Data.html>. – 08.08.2017. 747 Jia M.-Y., Yang B.-R., Zheng D.-Q. et al. Research on Domain Ontology Construction in Military Intelligence [ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϦ] // IEEE 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application (Nanchang, China, 21–22.11.2009). – New York, 2009. – P. 116– 119. Yoo D., No S., Ra M. A Practical Military Ontology Construction for the Intelligent Army Tactical Command Information System [ϐϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϱϭϦϪϲϫϯϪ ϳϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ] // International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control (IJCCC). – 2014. – Vol. 9. – ࠪ 1. – P. 93–100. Dragos V. Developing a core ontology to improve military intelligence analysis [ϑϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϢϡϨϯϣϯϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ] // International Journal of Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Engineering Systems. – 2013. – Vol. 17. – ࠪ 1. – P. 29–36. § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 365 ϨϮϡϮϩϪ748. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϴ ISO 19101-1:2014 «τϦϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ. ϞϳϡϬϯϮϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ. ϘϡϲϳϽ 1: ϏϲϮϯϣϼ»749, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ «ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϣϲϦϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϡ (ϳ.Ϧ. ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϲЂ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϦϦ) ϲ ϬϦϧϡϺϩϭ ϣ ϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϭ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϭ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϦϬϡϿϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ЀϣϮϼϭ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϩ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ» (ϰϴϮϫϳϼ 4.1.24 ϩ 4.1.38). ϒ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ 1990-϶ Ϥϯϥϯϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ) ϲϳϡϬϩ ϰϯϰϴϬЀϱϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϩϨϴϸϡϦϭϯϪ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϿ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. σ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶, ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ωϮϳϦϱϮϦϳϦ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀϭϩ. ϐϱϩϸϩϮϡ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϰϴϬЀϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϯϢϦϺϡϿϳ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϳ ϫϯϮϣϦϮϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϡϭϩ750. 2. υϬЀ ϸϦϤϯ ϮϴϧϮϼ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ? ϐϯ ρ.ϋ. τϴϷϴ, «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϦϲϳϽ, ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϮϦ ϸϳϯ ϩϮϯϦ, ϫϡϫ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ»751. ώϯ ϴϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ (ϢϦϨ ϰϱϯϲϸϩϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ) ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϲϫϡϧЂϮϮϼϭ ϦЂ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ. υϧϯϮ ϋϩϱϫϭϡϮ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϥϣϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ «ϴϲϩϬϩϣϡϿϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϭϼ϶ Ϯϡϭϩ ϩϥϦϪ»: «1) ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮЀϦϭ ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯϪ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϦ, ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϲ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϭϼ ϩ϶ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϦϭ; 2) ϣϦϲϯϭϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϴϨϮϡϣϡϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ»752. 748 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 378. 749 ISO 19101-1:2014 «Geographic information – Reference model. Part 1: Fundamentals» // <https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:19101:-1:ed-1:v1:en>. 750 Studer R., Benjamins V.R., Fensel D. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods [ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ] // Data & Knowledge Engineering. – 1998, March. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 1–2. – P. 161–197. – P. 183–184. 751 τϴϷ ρ.ϋ. ρϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ // ϔϲϰϦ϶ϩ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ. – 1982. – ϓ. 37. – ࠪ 2 (37). – ϒ. 40–79. – ϒ. 41. 752 Kirkman J. Good Style: Writing for science and technology [ϖϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϲϳϩϬϽ: ώϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ]. 2nd ed. – New York: Routledge, 2005. – vi; 139 p. – P. 11. 366 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϱϡϥϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ – ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩЀ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϯϨϣϦϥϦϮϯ ϣ ϱϡϮϤ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϡ. ϒϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϭϩϱ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϯϥ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ) Ϯϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϡϭϩ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ, ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡϭϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϬϡϮϴ ϒϩϤϦϬϴ ϩ ρϪϱϩϮ ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ, «ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϤϯ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϦ ϮϦϳ. [Ϟϳϯ] ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϩϳ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϮϿϡϮϲϯϣ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϣϬϦϮϩϪ. σϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϡ ϲ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ. φϲϬϩ ϰϱϩϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽϲЀ ϦϺЂ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϦϦ, ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ: ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϯϭ. Ϗ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϧϥϼϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ… υϬЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ “ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ” ϮϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭϼ ϳϩϰϡ “ϴϥϯϢϲϳϣϯ”, “ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ”, “ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϯϲϳϽ”, “ϲϣϯϦϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ” ϩϬϩ “ϫϱϡϲϯϳϡ”. ϐϱϯϲϳϯϳϡ – ϲϴϭϭϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϯϮϡ ϩ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϥϫϯ. φϲϬϩ ϫϳϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϼ ϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϿϳ ϣ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϭ ϲϣϦϳϦ (ϸϳϯ Ϣϼ Ͼϳϯ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϯ), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮϩ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ЀϲϮϼ (ϲϭϼϲϬ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϮ ϥϯ϶ϯϥϸϩϣϯ ϩ ϢϦϨ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϪ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϮϼ ϩ ϴϥϯϢϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϥϬЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϩ), ϳϯ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϯϮ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϼ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϸϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽ, ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ»753. ϐϯ υϾϣϩϥϴ ϟϭϴ, «ϣϲϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϼ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϼ Ϯϡ ϥϣϡ ϣϩϥϡ, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡ “ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ” ϩ “ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ”. ϋ ϰϦϱϣϯϭϴ ϱϯϥϴ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϤϦϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ, ϡϬϤϦϢϱϡ ϩ ϡϱϩϵϭϦϳϩϫϡ; ϫϯϱϯϸϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϣϲЀϫϯϦ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϬϩϢϯ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ, ϬϩϢϯ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯ… ϕϡϫϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϴϭϡ, ϮϦ ϴϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϧϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ; ϩ ϮϡϹϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩ϶ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϡϫϩϭ Ϣϼ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϮϯ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϯ, ϮϦ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϦ»754. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϦ (ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϯϦ ϸϦϱϦϨ Ͼϳϯ) ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ, ϯϳϳϡϬϫϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϯϳ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϣ, ϮϡϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϱϴϤ Ϯϡ ϥϱϴϤϡ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϭ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϩ. φϺЂ ώϩϫϯϬϡϪ τϡϱϳϭϡϮ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϣ 1949 Ϥϯϥϴ, ϸϳϯ «ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϮϡϲϬϡϩϣϡϮϩϪ. ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϲϬϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϷϦϬϼϪ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϲϴϺϦϤϯ… ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϬϯЂϣ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϼ ϩ 753 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 6–7. 754 Hume D. Radical Empiricism [ϑϡϥϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϨϭ] // Sapientia: Open Readings in Philosophy / Edited by Henry Imler. – Montreal: Pressbooks, 2019. <https://pressbooks.pub/sapientia/chapter/radical-empiricism/>. § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 367 ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ. σϼϲϹϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϢϼϳϩЀ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϩϨϹϩϭ, Ϯϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϩϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ»755. ςϦϨϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϦϤϯ (ώ. τϡϱϳϭϡϮϡ) ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ ϲϬϯЂϣ (Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϳϦϭϦ), ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ Ͼϳϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϣϦϱϮϼϭ. υϬЀ ϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ τϯϳϵϱϩϥϡ σϩϬϽϤϦϬϽϭϡ όϦϪϢϮϩϷϡ: «φϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϣϼϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ ϮϡϹϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϧϦ ϯϲЀϨϡϦϭϼϭϩ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϯϣ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϲ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϹϩϢϫϴ, ϡ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϳ ϲϰϯϱϼ, ϭϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϳϽ: “υϡϣϡϪϳϦ ϰϯϲϸϩϳϡϦϭ ϩ ϰϯϲϭϯϳϱϩϭ, ϫϳϯ ϰϱϡϣ”»756. ω ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ Ϯϡ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ώϩϫϯϬϡϪ τϡϱϳϭϡϮ, ϮϯϣϡЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ, ϯϮϡ ϴϧϦ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳ «ϵϯϱϭϼ» (ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ) ϩ «ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ» ϰϯ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϩ϶ ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϯϦ ϷϦϬϯϦ757. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϧϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ ϮϦ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϱϡϨ ϫϡϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϥ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ), ϡ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϩ. 3. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ» (ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϒ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϹϦ, ϮϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϋϱϩϲϳϩϮϡ ϕϡϪϬϭϡϪϱ ϩ σϯϬϽϵϱϡϭ σЂϲ ϥϡϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϿ: «ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϡЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϦϭϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ»758. 755 Hartmann N. Kleinere Schriften [ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ]. Bd. III: Vom neukantianismus zur ontologie. – Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1958. – iii; 396 s. – S. 334. 756 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in a letter to Philip Spener, The Art of Discovery 1685, Wiener 51 // Let Us Calculate – the Last Universal Academic Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz // <http://scihi.org/universal-academic-gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz/>. 757 Hartmann N. Kleinere Schriften [ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ]. Bd. III: Vom neukantianismus zur ontologie. – Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1958. – iii; 396 s. – S. 334. 758 Feilmayr C., Wöß W. An analysis of ontologies and their success factors for application to business [ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϦ] // Data & Knowledge Engineering. – 2016. – Vol. 101. – P. 1–23. – P. 21. 368 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϓϯϭϡϲ υϧϦϰϲϦϮ, ϰϯϩϲϫ ϳϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϦϬϯϭ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϳϱϴϥϮϼϭ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϿ Merriam-Webster, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ «ϣϦϳϣϽ ϭϦϳϡϵϩϨϩϫϩ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϯϪ ϢϼϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ». ϐϦϱϦ϶ϯϥЀ ϫ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϴ «ύϦϳϡϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ» τϱϴϰϰϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϭϼ ϴϨϮϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ «ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ». ϏϢϱϡϳϩϣϹϩϲϽ ϫ «ϏϢϨϯϱϴ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϣϦϢϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ» W3C2, ϭϼ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ «ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϣ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϡϱЀ϶ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ». σϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϲϢϩϣϡϦϳ ϲ ϳϯϬϫϴ – ϸϳϯ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ? σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ (ϩϥϦϪ, ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϣϦϺϦϪ – ϸϦϤϯ ϴϤϯϥϮϯ) ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϩ ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. Ϟϳϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϭ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϭϯϺϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϣ ϮϡϢϯϱϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϭϦϮϦϥϧϦϱϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ759. ϐϯ ϓϯϭϴ τϱϴϢϦϱϴ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϡЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ (ϩϬϩ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϮϦ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϺϡЀ ϯϳ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϦЂ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϩ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϭϡЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ, ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ (Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ) ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϯϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ760. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϟ.ω. σϯϬϯϫϩϳϩϮϴ, σ.ϐ. ϋϴϰϱϩЀϮϯϣϲϫϯϭϴ ϩ ϥϱ., «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀ (ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϦЂ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϣϲϦϯϢϻϦϭϬϿϺϦϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ», ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ «ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ЀϨϼϫϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϧϦ ϲϳϡϬϩ ϭϩϱϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϡϭϩ»761. ϐϯ ϑϴϥϩ ϙϳϴϥϦϱϴ, ϑϩϸϡϱϥϴ ςϦϮϥϧϡϭϩϮϲϴ ϩ υϩϳϦϱϴ ϕϦϮϲϦϬϴ, «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϡЀ, ЀϣϮϡЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. “ϋϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ” ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϭϩϱϦ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ 759 Jepsen T.C. Just What Is an Ontology, Anyway? [σ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ?] // IT Professional. – 2009, September/October. – Vol. 11. – P. 22–27. – P. 22. 760 Gruber T.R. A translation approach to portable ontologies [ωϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ] // Knowledge Acquisition. – 1993. – ࠪ 5. – P. 199– 220. 761 σϯϬϯϫϩϳϩϮ ϟ.ω., ϋϴϰϱϩЀϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ.ϐ., τϱϩϮϽϫϯ Ϗ.σ., ϐϯϫϴϲϡϦϣ Ϗ.ώ., ϒϩϮЀϤϯϣ ϒ.ρ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϪ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2018. – Vol. 6. – ࠪ 6. – ϒ. 87–96. – ϒ. 87. § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 369 ϾϳϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ. “ϠϣϮϼϪ” ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϳϩϰ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϼ ЀϣϮϯ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϨϮϩ ϩ ϲϩϭϰϳϯϭϼ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϼϭϩ, ϡ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϦϨϮϽ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϼϨϣϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϡ ϲϦϢЀ. “ϕϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϪ” ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϵϡϫϳϴ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϪ, ϸϳϯ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ. “ϏϢϺϩϪ” ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ ϫϯϮϣϦϮϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ (ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϮϯ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϡ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϤϱϴϰϰϯϪ). ϐϯϸϳϩ ϣϲϦ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϣ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϯϳ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϺϦϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϦ ϯϳ ϦϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϳ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ… ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϦϳϦϮϥϴϦϳ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϫϯϮϲϦϮϲϴϲϡ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϢϼϬϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϱϡϨϢϡϣϬϦϮϯ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϮϼϭϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϪ ϫϡϫ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϣ ϥϣϴ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ϶: ϯϮϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϢϯϤϡϳϴϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϫϯϮϲϦϮϲϴϲ. ϓϯϤϥϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϦϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ – ϫϯϮϲϦϮϲϴϲ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϫϦϭ? ώϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϮϦϳ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϣϦϳϡ; Ͼϳϯ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ»762. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ϙ. ϑϴϢϡϹϫϩϮϴ, «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϣ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϡЀ ϩϨ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ (ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ) ϩ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϯϢ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ϶ (ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ; ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ – ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀϭ ϯϢϺϦϦ-ϸϡϲϳϮϯϦ (ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩЀ) ϩ ϸϡϲϳϽ-ϷϦϬϯϦ). ϒ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ). υϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϸϦϳϼϱϦ ϰϴϮϫϳϡ. 1. φϥϩϮϩϷϼ – ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ (ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϼ), ϡ ϮϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ. 2. ϕϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϦϦ ЀϨϼϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϰϱϡϣϩϬ ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼ϶ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ. 3. ϒϰϯϲϯϢ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϲϯϤϬϡϹϦϮϩЀ (ontological commitments – «ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ») ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϩ϶ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ (ϩϬϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ). 4. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ – ϮϦ ϷϦϬϽ, ϡ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯ. Ϟϳϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϣϼϸϩϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϱϦϲϴϱϲ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ 762 Studer R., Benjamins V.R., Fensel D. Knowledge engineering: Principles and methods [ωϮϧϦϮϦϱϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ] // Data & Knowledge Engineering. – 1998, March. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 1–2. – P. 161–197. – P. 184. 370 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ (ϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ ϩϬϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ)»763. ϐϯ ρϮϥϱϦ σϡϬϦϮϳϦ, ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϡϴϳϩϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ, ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. φϲϳϽ 5 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϱϯϬϦϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: a) ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; b) ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ; c) ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ; d) ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ; e) ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. ϑϯϬϽ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣϬϩЀϦϳ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϽ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ, ϫϡϫϯϦ ϴ ϮϦЂ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϯϮϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϯϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϩ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϴϰϯϱ ϥϦϬϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϴϥϯϢϲϳϣϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ764. σϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϱϡϲϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩЀ϶ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ, ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ. 4. ρϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϐϯϮЀϳϽ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ ϮϡϨϣϡϬϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ Ϯϡϭϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ (ϩϬϩ ϳϩϰϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ) ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀ: 1. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϼϭ ϣ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϯϣϴϿ ϣϼϳЀϧϫϴ ϩϨ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϲ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϯϭ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ – ϲ ϳϦϭ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϸϦϭ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϦ, ЀϨϼϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϲ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϮϼ϶ ϲϳϡϳϦϪ ϩ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϪ. ύϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϺϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ Ͼϳϯ, ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣϡϣϹϩϲϽ ϮϦ ϫ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ, ϡ ϫ ϨϡϰϡϥϮϯ-ϦϣϱϯϰϦϪϲϫϩϭ ЀϨϼϫϡϭ ϲ ϯϳϲϼϬϫϯϪ ϫ ϥϱϦϣϮϦϤϱϦϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϼϭ, ϸϳϯ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯϢ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϩ (ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ) ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϯϢ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϭ. 763 ϑϴϢϡϹϫϩϮ σ.ϙ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϫϡ. ψϮϡϮϩЀ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ. – ύ.: ϕϩϨϭϡϳϬϩϳ, 2013. – 348 ϲ. – ϒ. 129. 764 Valente A. Types and Roles of Legal Ontologies [σϩϥϼ ϩ ϱϯϬϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ] // Law and the Semantic Web: Legal Ontologies, Methodologies, Legal Information Retrieval, and Applications / Eds.: V.R. Benjamins, P. Casanovas, J. Breuker, A. Gangemi. – New York: Springer. 2005. – xii; 248 p. – P. 65–76. – P. 65, 69, 74. § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 371 2. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϼϪ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ («ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ») ЀϨϼϫ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼϪ (ϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ ϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ) ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϭϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϯϪ (ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϼϪ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϡЀϨϼϫ ϲ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, Ϯϯ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϼϪ). ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϯ ϰϯϥ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϴϿ (ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϴϿ) ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ (ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Natural Language Processing», NLP), ϶ϯϳЀ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϣ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϢϡϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϦϦ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϩϢϯ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀЀ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϳϽ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϡϿϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. 3. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϿ (ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϭϦϮϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ, ϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ – ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϵϦϪϲϯϭ), ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱ-ϰϯϬϴϵϡϢϱϩϫϡϳ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϰϦϱϦϲϢϯϱϫϩ (ϲ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ) ϩ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϣϭϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϡϣϳϯϮϯϭϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ (ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϮϡϢϯϱϮϡЀ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϡ) ϣ ϰϱϦϥϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϤϯϳϯϣϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϳϢϩϱϡϦϭϼϪ ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯ) ϰϯϥ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ-ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϼϦ Ϯϴϧϥϼ. 4. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ (ϫϡϫ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϳϯϫϡϱϮϼϪ ϲϳϡϮϯϫ ϣ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϯ ϲϳϡϭϦϲϫϯϪ, ϦϲϬϩ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϡϫ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽϲЀ), ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϡ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϭϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϭϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀϭϩ ϩ ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮϡ Ϯϡ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ϶ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ. 5. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϡϳϳϱϡϫϳϯϱϯϭ (ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϪ ϲ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ) ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϾϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ (ϫϡϫ ϯϰϯϱϮϼϪ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩ «ϲϩϬϯϣϯϪ» ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ «ϲϫϦϬϦϳ» ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ). σ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϭ (ϩ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϫϱϡϳϫϯϭ) ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭ ϥϡϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϴϿ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϴϿ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϿ. 372 τόρσρ 5. ϓϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϲϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ – ϭϯϥϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϦϭϡЀ ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϡЀ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ «ϲϢϯϱϫϡ» ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ «ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» (ϩϨ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϪ ϩ Ϥϱϡϵϯϣ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) ϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ (ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϭϯϫ), ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ (ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ ϲ϶ϯϧϦϲϳϩ) ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼϦ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ (ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼϦ) ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϡЀ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϢϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ (Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϯ-ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲϯϣ ϩ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϪ) ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ (ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ) ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ (ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶) ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϮϦϪ (ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶, ϫϬϡϲϲϡ϶, ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩЀ϶, ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ϶, ϩϮϳϦϱϱϦϬЀϷϩЀ϶), ϲ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ «ϯϳϱϼϣϡ» ϯϳ ϾϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϴ. ϐϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϦϪϹϦϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϯ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϦЂ ϢϡϨϯϣϼϪ ϳϦϨϡϴϱϴϲ. 5. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϒ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Semantic Web ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϲϳϡϬϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϫ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣϲЂ ϸϡϺϦ ϩ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ765 (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϯϥ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϴϿ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϴϿ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϿ, ϰϯϥ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ). 765 τϡϥϧϩϦϣ τ.ρ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ: ϋϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2013. – 320 ϲ. ϕϯϭϩϮ ω. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ – ϯϲϮϯϣϡ ЀϨϼϫϯϣ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ // <https://zakon.ru/blog/2019/1/22/ont ologii_-_osnova_yazykov_yuridicheskogo_programmirovaniya>. – 22.01.2019. όϯϭϯϣ ϐ.ρ., ϏϬϦϪϮϩϫ ρ.τ. ϑϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϢϡϨϼ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ // ϓϱϴϥϼ ωϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϑρώ. – 2013. – ϓ. 63. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 62–69. ύϩϱϯϬϿϢϯϣϡ ϒ.ϟ. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϭ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϦ – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϦϳϩ // ύϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤ ϰϱϡϣϯϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ. – 2022. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 39– 45. European project for standardized transparent representations in order to extend legal accessibility [φϣϱϯϰϦϪϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϳ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϨϱϡϸϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩЀ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ] // <https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/02765 5>. § 5.16. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 373 ϑϩϸϡϱϥ ςϦϮϥϧϡϭϦϮϲ, ϐϯϭϰϦ ϋϡϨϡϮϯϣϡϲ, υϧϴϲϳ ςϱϦϫϦϱ ϩ ρϬϽϥϯ ϋϡϮϽϦϭϩ ϳϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϿϳ: ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϦϳϦϱϰϦϬϩ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩϦ ϥϦϲЀϳϩϬϦϳϩЀ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮϩϣ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϰϯϬЀ. ϒ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϤϯϣϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϹϩϱЀϿϳϲЀ. σ ϒϙρ ϩ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶ φϣϱϯϰϼ Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ ϮϼϮϦ ϣ ϳϱϩ-ϸϦϳϼϱϦ ϱϡϨϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ, ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϣ 1950 Ϥϯϥϴ. ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ (ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ) ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ ϹϬϯ ϰϯ ϳϯϭϴ ϧϦ ϩϮϵϬЀϷϩϯϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϴϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϬϯ ϫ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϥϣϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩ ϳϩϰϡϭϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ςϼϬϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, Ϯϯ ϬϩϹϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϼϹϬϩ Ϯϡ ϱϼϮϯϫ766. ώϦϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϣϦϬϡ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϩϰϯϣ767. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϳϡ, ϰϦϱϦϲϭϯϳϱϡ ϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϡϫϳϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϩ϶ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϹϩϱϦ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϤϱϡϿϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϷϦϮϮϼ ϣ ϩϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϩ, ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϥ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ ϷϦϬϩ), ϣ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϣ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϮϳϯ-ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϩ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ, ϣ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϭϦϳϡϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶, ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϩ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϴЀ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. 766 Benjamins V.R., Casanovas P., Breuker J., Gangemi A. Law and the Semantic Web, an Introduction [ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϲϦϳϽ, ϣϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ] // Law and the Semantic Web: Legal Ontologies, Methodologies, Legal Information Retrieval, and Applications / Eds.: V.R. Benjamins, P. Casanovas, J. Breuker, A. Gangemi. – New York: Springer. 2005. – xii; 248 p. – P. 1–17. – P. 1–2. 767 Oliveira, de Rodrigues C.M., Gonçalves de Freitas F.L., Spósito Barreiros E.F., et al. Legal ontologies over time: A systematic mapping study [ϐϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ: ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ] // Expert Systems with Applications. – 2019. – Vol. 130. – P. 12–30. – P. 12. 374 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ § 6.6. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.7. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.8. ύϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ § 6.9. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.10. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ § 6.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ § 6.12. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ § 6.13. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϡ § 6.14. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» § 6.17. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ § 6.18. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.19. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ § 6.20. ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.21. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ § 6.22. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ § 6.23. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ § 6.24. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.25. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ § 6.26. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ § 6.27. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ § 6.28. ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ § 6.29. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ § 6.30. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϤϯ Ϲϳϴϱϭϡ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ § 6.31. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.32. ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ 375 ςϴϥϴϺϦϦ – Ϩϡ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ, Ϩϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϮϯϣϯϪ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ, Ϩϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϼϭ ϩ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϦϮϦ υϦϫϡϱϳϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ – Ͼϳϯ «ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼϦ ϩ ϬЂϤϫϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ, ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϲϯϢϬϿϥϡЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϳ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ Ϩϡ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϦ ϩ, ϮϦ ϨϡϳϱϡϤϩϣϡЀ ϮϡϰϱϡϲϮϯ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ ϴϭϡ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϹϡϤ Ϩϡ ϹϡϤϯϭ ϰϱϩϴϭϮϯϧϡЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ, ϰϱϩϥЂϳ ϫ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϿ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϰϯϨϮϡϳϽ»768. ϔϸϩϳϼϣϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ769, ϬϿϢϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϱϴϥϩЀ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ «ϯϳϭϼϸϫϯϪ», ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϦϪ ϬϿϢϴϿ ϳϡϪϮϴ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϴϿ ϲϵϦϱϴ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ770. ϋϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϬ ρϬϦϫϲϡϮϥϱ ϞϬϥϦϱ, «ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϱϼϮϯϸϮϼϦ ϷϩϫϬϼ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϷϩϱϫϴϬЀ ϩ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ – ϰϴϲϳϡЀ ϨϡϢϡϣϡ. ϑϡϨ-ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϦϨϳϩ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϮϦϱϡϨϴϭϮϼϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ»771. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϲϵϦϱϴ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ, ϲϣϯϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϡϴϥϩϳ ϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭ. ρ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϦϮϥϩϴϭ (ϲϣϯϥ) ϲ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ. 768 υϦϫϡϱϳ ϑ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ: σ 2 ϳ. ϓ. 1. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1989. – 654 ϲ. – ϒ. 86. όϯϴ υ. ϒϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ: ϱϦϮϳϤϦϮϯϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϢϦϬϫϡ // ώϡϴϸϮϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ: ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳϼ: ϒϢ. ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϯϣ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ. ϲϳ. Ϟ.ύ. ύϩϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ς.τ. ϟϥϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1980. – 431 ϲ. – ϒ. 285–323. – ϒ. 287. 770 ςϡϱϡϮϯϣ σ.ύ., ϐϦϱϹϩϮ σ.ς., ϐϦϱϹϩϮϡ ω.σ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϥϩϲϫϴϲϲϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ // ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ Ϯϡϴϫϡ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ: σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ώϩϧϦϤϯϱϯϥϲϫϯϪ ϡϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ ύσυ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ. – 2013. – ࠪ 21. – ϒ. 14–29. – ϒ. 21. 771 ϞϬϥϦϱ ρ. ϋϡϫ ϩϤϱϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϩϤϱϼϣϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϢϩϱϧϦ: ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ. ϓϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ. ϋϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ Ϯϡϥ ϫϡϰϩϳϡϬϯϭ. 5-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ςϩϨϮϦϲ ςϴϫϲ, 2008. – 472 ϲ. – ϒ. 194. 769 376 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 6-1. ϔ ϣϡϲ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϼ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲϬϦϣϡ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϯϢϱϡϨϷϼ ϾϫϨϯϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, ϾϬϩϳϮϯϪ ϥϱϦϣϦϲϩϮϼ), Ϯϯ ϳϯϬϫϴ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϮϦ ϢϴϥϦϳ, ϦϲϬϩ ϴ ϣϡϲ ϮϦϳ (ϦϲϬϩ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϩϬϩ) ϮϴϧϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ, ϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯ, «ϸϳϯ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϮϴϬϯϲϽ ϰϯϥ ϱϴϫϴ» (ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϲϰϱϡϣϡ)772. 772 ϞϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ: <https://www.olx.ua/d/obyavlenie/bruskiekzoticheskogo-dereva-palisandr-eben-zheleznoe-derevo-bokote-IDab4MX.html>; <https://ru.dreamstime.com/ϲϳϡϱϡЀ-ϱϧϡϣϡЀ-ϱϴϸϮϡЀ-ϰϩϬϡ-Ϯϡ-ϢϦϬϯϭ-ϵϯϮϦimage193994470>. 377 σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϣϲϰϬϦϲϫ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϫ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϓϡϫ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϷϦϮϳϱϴ Gartner Research, ϫ ϸϩϲϬϴ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ Ϯϡ 2022 Ϥϯϥ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Decision Intelligence» (DI)) ϥϬЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϯϭϯϬϯϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣ: «ϋϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϭ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ, Ϯϯ ϯϮϡ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ. ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϩϲϷϩϰϬϩϮϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϡЀ ϥϬЀ ϴϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϸЂϳϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ, ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϡϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ»773. ϐϴϳϽ ϯϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϥϯ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϣ ϰϱϡϤϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ, ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϵϯϱϭϼ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ, – ϭϮϯϤϯϲϬϯϧϦϮ ϩ ϨϡϳϱϡϳϦϮ, ϰϯϥϸϡϲ Ϯϡ ϤϱϡϮϩ ϮϦϰϯϥϻЂϭϮϯϲϳϩ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ-ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϥϡ ϦϺЂ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϯ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϭϼ϶). ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϯϢϯϬϯϸϦϫ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϱϯϪϳϩ Ͼϳϯϳ ϰϴϳϽ. υϡϬϦϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϥϡϮϼ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ (ϣ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ) ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϯϢϺϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ (ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϭϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ЀϣϮϯ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϮϦ ϨϡЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ. 773 Gartner Identifies the Top Strategic Technology Trends for 2022 [Gartner ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϳϱϦϮϥϼ Ϯϡ 2022 Ϥϯϥ]. Analysts Explore Industry Trends at Gartner IT Symposium / Xpo 2021 Americas, October 18–21 // <https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2021-10-18-gartner-identifies-thetop-strategic-technology-trends-for-2022>. – 18.10.2021. 378 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϳϦϢϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϭϡ϶ϯϭ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ, ϩϬϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ. ώϩϫϫϯϬϯ ύϡϫϩϡϣϦϬϬϩ. Ϗ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ774. 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ϐϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ (ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ), ϫϯϤϥϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϳϡϣϩϳ ϲϦϢϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϢϺϦϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϤϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ Ϯϡ ϰϯϭϯϺϽ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ (ϰϯϨϥϮϦϬϡϳ. «intuitio» – ϲϯϨϦϱϷϡϮϩϦ, ϯϳ ϤϬϡϤϯϬϡ «intueor» – ϰϱϩϲϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϿ), ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϩϲϳϦϫϡϿϺϩϦ ϩϨ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ ϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ «ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϦ» («ϲϡϭϯϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϦ»). ϒϩϮϯϮϩϭϯϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ» ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ», «ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ», «ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ»775. ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϭϩϲϳϩϫϦ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ, Ͼϳϯ ϣϲЂ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϸϴϳϽЀ, ϮϡϩϳϩЀ, ϰϱϯϮϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϰϼϳϦ. ϐϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ύϾϥϩϲϯϮϡ ςϦϮϳϬϩ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ, ϬϩϹϽ ϯϳϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ776. ω ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ͊.͊. ϋϩϳϡϦϣϴ, «ϲϯϨϥϡЂϳ ϲϣϯϿ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩϿ ϾϳϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ Ϧϭϴ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϦϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ»777. ϋ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϤϬЀϥЀ Ϯϡ ϳϯ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϱϡϨϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϰϯ ϰϯϬϯϸϫϡϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϬ ϡϣϳϯϱ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϯϮ ϲϡϭ ϩ϶ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϦϳ), ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϬ ύϡϱϩϯ ςϴϮϤϦ, ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ, ϮϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ, «ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϯϮ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϴ϶ϩϳϱЀϦϳϲЀ 774 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϣϯϪϮϼ: ρϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϼϲϬϩ / ϒϯϲϳ., ϰϯϥϤϯϳ. ϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ., ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳ. ϑ. ϒϣϦϳϬϯϣϡ. – ϒϐϢ.: ρϭϵϯϱϡ, 2009. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 440. 775 ρϲϭϴϲ σ.ϕ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ (ϏϸϦϱϫ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ: XVII – ϮϡϸϡϬϯ XX ϣ.). – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1963. – 312 ϲ. – ϒ. 288. 776 Bentley M. The field of psychology: A survey of experience, individual, social, and genetic [ϒϵϦϱϡ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ: ϯϢϨϯϱ ϯϰϼϳϡ, ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ, ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϤϦϮϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ]. – New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1924. 777 ϋϩϳϡϦϣ ͊.͊. τϱϴϰϰϯϣϼϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϼϦ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ. – ύ.: ψϮϡϮϩϦ, 1975. – 66 ϲ. – ϒ. 11. § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 379 ϨϡϥϴϭϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϩ ϩϲϳϯϬϫϯϣϼϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ»778. ώϯ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϢ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϡ. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϧЂϲϳϫϯϦ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϦ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϩ ϳϦϸϦϮϩЀ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦϭ ϲϡϭϩϭ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϫϩ. ϒϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯ-ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ779, ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ780 (ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϭϼ ϰϩϹϦϭ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϰϡϱϡϤϱϡϵϦ ϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶ – ϣϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ). 2. ϐϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ύϡϱϩϯ ςϴϮϤϦ, ϮϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϪϥЂϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϬϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϢϼϬϩ Ϣϼ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϧϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ, ϫϡϫ ϲϬϯϣϯ «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ»: «ϣ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ “ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ” ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϳϽ ϮϦϫϴϿ ϥϯϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ (ϸϴϣϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ), ϣ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ – ϲϣϦϱ϶ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϡϱ (ϸϩϲϳϡЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ…), ϣ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ – ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϲϲϴϥϫϡ (ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ)… ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϣϦϺϩ ϩϨϮϴϳϱϩ»781. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ, ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ρϮϱϩ ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϡ ϥϬЀ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϭϡ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ782. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϩϨ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ, «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ – ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϢϦϨ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ»783. 778 ςϴϮϤϦ ύ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ω. ϐϡϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ / ϑϦϥ. ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬϯϣϩϦ σ.τ. σϩϮϯϤϱϡϥϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1967. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 92–93. 779 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: όϡϫϡϦϣ ρ.ϒ. ϒϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯ-ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – ϮϯϣϯϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϕϦϥϦϱϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϡ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϫϱϴϰϮϼ϶ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ϶ // <http://indepo.ru/upload/graphnet/Title.docx>. 780 ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ // <http://eclib.net/14/15.html>. 781 ςϴϮϤϦ ύ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ω. ϐϡϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ / ϑϦϥ. ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬϯϣϩϦ σ.τ. σϩϮϯϤϱϡϥϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1967. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 5, 23. 782 ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ ρ. Ϗ ϮϡϴϫϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, τϬϡϣϮϡЀ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩЀ ϵϩϨϩϫϯϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1983. – 560 ϲ. – ϒ. 165. 783 ςϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ. ϓ. 18. – ύ.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ «ςϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ», 1953. – 620 ϲ. – ϒ. 319–320. 380 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϯ ϋ.ϒ. ςϦϬϽϲϫϯϭϴ, «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϱЀϭϯϤϯ ϦЂ ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϢϦϨ ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϩ ϴϭϯϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϪ»784. ϐϯ ρ.ώ. ϋϱϴϤϬϯϣϴ, «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ – ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϯϭ ϢϦϨ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϡϭ; ϴϭϯϨϱϦϮϩϦ, ϲϯϨϦϱϷϡϮϩϦ ϱϡϲϲϴϥϫϯϭ»785. τϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ρϮϱϩ ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ, «ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩϤϱϡϿϳ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϲϣϯϿ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ. ϏϢϦ ϯϮϩ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼ. όϯϤϩϫϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϥϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϥϡϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϽ, ϦϲϳϽ ϯϱϴϥϩϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ; ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϦϲϳϽ ϯϱϴϥϩϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ»786. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϩϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϳϱϯϤϴϿ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϣϰϦϸϡϳϬϦϮϩЀϭ, ϥϯϤϡϥϫϡϭ. 3. ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ, ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩ ϱϯϬϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ, ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϡЀ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϰϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϤϱϦϲϲϡ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ύϡϱϩϯ ςϴϮϤϦ, ϰϱϡϣϥϡ, ϦϲϬϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϦЂ ϰϬϯϥϼ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ – ϰϱϩϢϬϩϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ)787. ώϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϩϭϦϿϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ. υϱϴϤϯϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, ϸϳϯ ϴ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϦϲϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ϐϯ ρϮϱϩ ςϦϱϤϲϯϮϴ, «ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϯϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϡϮϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ ϣϲЂ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ»788. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϪ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫ χϡϫ ρϥϡϭϡϱ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ, ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϸϳϯ «ϷϦϬϽ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϡϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϴϨϡϫϯϮϩϳϽ ϨϡϣϯϦϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϩ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϷϦϬϩ»789. ωϮϯϤϥϡ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϯϪϡ, ϥϡϧϦ ϥϬϩϮϮϯϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ 784 ςϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϋ.ϒ. ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ. Ϙ. 1. ύϼϲϬϩ ρ. ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ ϯϢ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ // ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϯ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ. – 2013. – ࠪ 3. – ϒ. 78–83. – ϒ. 78. 785 ϋϱϴϤϬϯϣ ρ.ώ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ // ϞϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ ϾϰϩϲϳϦϭϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. – ύ.: ϋϡϮϯϮ+; ϑϦϡϢϩϬϩϳϡϷϩЀ, 2009. – 1248 ϲ. – ϒ. 309–310. – ϒ. 309. 786 ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ ρ. Ϗ ϮϡϴϫϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϵϱϡϮϷ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, τϬϡϣϮϡЀ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩЀ ϵϩϨϩϫϯϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1983. – 560 ϲ. – ϒ. 167. 787 ςϴϮϤϦ ύ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩ Ϯϡϴϫϡ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ω. ϐϡϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ / ϑϦϥ. ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬϯϣϩϦ σ.τ. σϩϮϯϤϱϡϥϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1967. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 8, 6. 788 ςϦϱϤϲϯϮ ρ. ϒϯϢϱϡϮiϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮiϪ. ϓ. 5. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ωϨϥϡϮiϦ ύ.ω. ϒϦϭЂϮϯϣϡ, 1914. – 207 ϲ. – ϒ. 6. 789 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: σorϦl E. Leçons sur la théorie des fonctions [ϔϱϯϫϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ]. – Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1928. – P. 175. § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 381 ϢϡϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϫϡϫϯϭ-ϬϩϢϯ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϦ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯϭ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϭ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ790. ϐϯ τϡϮϲϴ ϒϦϬϽϦ, «ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϬϩϫϯϭ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ»791. ϐϯ ϑ.ύ. τϱϡϮϯϣϲϫϯϪ ϩ ω.Ϡ. ςϦϱϦϨϮϯϪ, ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ Ѐϥϱϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ792. ϐϯ ρ.ύ. ϐϱϯ϶ϯϱϯϣϴ, «ϤϦϮϩϪ – ϣϦϱϹϩϮϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϯϮ ϰϯϰϡϥϡϦϳ ϣ ϷϦϬϽ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ Ϯϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϩϥϩϳ»793. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϸϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬ, ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϡ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ. ϐϯ Ϟϥϣϡϱϥϴ ϋϣϦϪϥϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϪ, ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϯϰϼϳ ϩ, ϸϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϢϯϲϳϱϦϮϩϿ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ794. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ Ϙ.υϧ. ϖϩϳϸ, «ϭϼ ϥϯϣϦϱЀϦϭ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϭ»795. ϑϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϱЀϥ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ. ϓϡϫ, ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ, ϰϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ – ϦϺЂ ϮϦϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϼϦ796. ρ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϮϦЀϣϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ύϡϪϫϬϡ ϐϯϬϡϮϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϸЂϮϼϪ ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ, ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϳϽ, ϳ.Ϧ. ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϣ ЀϨϼϫϦ797. σ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ρϱϦϮϥ τϦϪϳϩϮϤ, «ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϡЀ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϨϮϡϫϯϣ»798. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϴ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ 790 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 334. 791 ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 237. 792 τϱϡϮϯϣϲϫϡЀ ϑ.ύ., ςϦϱϦϨϮϡЀ ω.Ϡ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ. – ό.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ όϦϮϩϮϤϱϡϥϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ, 1991. – 272 ϲ. – ϒ. 4. 793 ϐϱϯ϶ϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. τϦϮϩϦϣ ϲϴϥϩϳϽ ϮϦϲϫϱϯϭϮϯ // όϦϲϫϯϣ ϒ. ϔϭϮϼϦ ϰϡϱϮϩ. – ύ.: σϱϦϭЀ, 2011. – 704 ϲ. – ϒ. 84. 794 ϋϣϦϪϥ Ϟ. σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 39. 795 ϖϩϳϸ Ϙ.υϧ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ σϯϦϮϮϯ-ϣϯϨϥϴϹϮϼ϶ ϲϩϬϡ϶ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 53. 796 ρϮϴϱϦϦϣ ω.ω. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϡ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 14. 797 ϕϩϬϯϲϯϵϩЀ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ: ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ωϣϡϮϯϣϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϥϯϰ. – ϒϐϢ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϒϐϢτϞϓϔ «όϞϓω», 2013. – 85 ϲ. – ϒ. 17. 798 Heyting A. Intuitionism: An Introduction [ωϮϳϴϩϷϩϯϮϩϨϭ: σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ]. – Amsterdam: North-Holland publishing company, 1956. – viii; 133 p. – P. 102. 382 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϦЂ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϦЂ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϦ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ, Ϩϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ. τϡϮϲ ϒϦϬϽϦ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ, ϸϳϯ «ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϭϯϨϡϩϸϮϼ϶ ϫϡϱϳϩϮ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϵϡϮϳϡϨϩϦϪ ϩϨ ϫϡϬϦϪϥϯϲϫϯϰϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϫ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϨϱϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϣϼϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϦϳ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϴϿ ϩϥϦϿ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ. υϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϢϦϲϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϼ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ, ϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϮϴϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϼϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϼ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦ»799. ϋϡϫ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϩϲϡϬ τ.σ. ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ, «ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϩ ϹϩϱϦ, ϸϦϭ ϨϡϫϯϮ, Ϯϯ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϯ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϣϡϦϳ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ»800. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓϯϭϡϲϴ υϦϪϣϦϮϰϯϱϳϴ, ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϦϭϴ Ϯϡ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, «ϣ ϲϴϤϴϢϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϦϬϡ϶ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϮϦϭϡϬϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ. σϦϥϽ ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ? ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϡ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϱϡϲϰϯϱЀϧϦϮϩϩ ϵϡϫϳϡ϶. φϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϳ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ: ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽϲЀ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϯϪ, ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϳϽ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϳϽ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ ϴϢϦϥϩϹϽϲЀ ϣ ϦЂ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ω ϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϩ, ϯϰϩϱϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϮϦ ϯϢ϶ϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϢϦϨ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ – ϳϯϳ ϲϦϫϳϯϱ, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ»801. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϋ.ϒ. ςϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ, «ϯϸϦϮϽ ϸϡϲϳϯ, ϰϼϳϡЀϲϽ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϡϭϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ, ϭϼ, ϩϭϦЀ ϯ ϮϦϪ ϯϢϺϦϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϭ “ϸϴϣϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ” ϯϳϣϦϳ ϨϡϥϯϬϤϯ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϲЀ ϣ ϲϩϬϡ϶ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϩ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ. “ϒϭϴϳϮϯϦ” ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϡ ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϮϦЂ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϣ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ϶ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ϶, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϼϸϮϼϭ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϬϿϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ, ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϫ Ͼϳϯϭϴ 802 ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϼ» . 799 ϒϦϬϽϦ τ. Ϗϳ ϭϦϸϳϼ ϫ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϿ: ϋϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ͏.͊. ϋϯϮϥϱϡϹϯϣϯϪ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ; ϰϯϲϬϦϲϬ. ύ.τ. ϠϱϯϹϦϣϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ω.ϒ. ϖϯϱϯϬϡ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1987. – 368 ϲ. – ϒ. 64. 800 ύϡϬϽϷϦϣ τ.σ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ. – ύ.: ώϯϱϭϡ – ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2011. – 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 154. 801 υϦϪϣϦϮϰϯϱϳ ϓ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ? // Harvard Business Review. – 10.02.2014. <https://hbr-russia.ru/karera/lichnye-kachestva-i-navyki/p13240>. 802 ςϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϋ.ϒ. ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ. ϘϡϲϳϽ 1. ύϼϲϬϩ ρ. ϐϴϡϮϫϡϱϦ ϯϢ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ // ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϯ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ. – 2013. – ࠪ 3. – ϒ. 78–83. – ϒ. 78. § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 383 ϐϯ σ.ϕ. ρϲϭϴϲϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϴϭϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϩ ϣϲϦϯϢϺϩ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣϦϺϦϪ803. ϐϯ ρϮϱϩ ςϦϱϤϲϯϮϴ, «ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϦϪ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϱϯϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϩϭϰϡϳϩϩ, ϰϴϳЂϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϣϮϴϳϱϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϬϩϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣ ϮЂϭ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϮϦϣϼϱϡϨϩϭϯϤϯ… ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϮϦϰϯϥϣϩϧϮϼϭ, ϳϯϤϥϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϰϯϭϦϺϡϦϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϣ ϰϯϥϣϩϧϮϯϲϳϽ; ϩϬϩ – ϸϳϯ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ – ϣ ϥϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ. ψϥϦϲϽ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϦϭϡϱϫϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ… Ϗϳ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϫ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ»804. ϐϯ ω.ρ. τϦϱϡϲϩϭϯϣϯϪ, ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ «ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϯ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϣ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϣϦϥϴϺϩ϶ ϫ ϮϦϭϴ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϪ. ώϡϪϥϦϮϮϯϦ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ. φϤϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϨϮϡϮϩϿ: 1) ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϩϣϮϯϭϴ, ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϭϴ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ; 2) ЀϲϮϯϭϴ ϩ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯϭϴ; 3) ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϭϴ»805. Ϙ.υϧ. ϖϩϳϸ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϡϫ «ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ», ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϣ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϩ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪϮϼ϶ ϫϯϰϩϪ [ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ] ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϘϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϩϨϣϮϦ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϢϼϬϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϫϯϭϭϩϣϯЀϧЂϱϡ. Ϟϳϡ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϡЀ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϥϯϬϤϯ ϲϳϡϣϩϬϡ ϣ ϳϴϰϩϫ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϯϣ. σ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϩϨ ϦЂ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϫϯϭϭϩϣϯЀϧЂϱ, ϣϼϦϨϧϡϿϺϩϪ ϩϨ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϡ, ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϰϯϲϦϳϩϳϽ 48 ϤϬϡϣϮϼ϶ Ϥϯϱϯϥϯϣ Ϲϳϡϳϯϣ ϩ ϣϦϱϮϴϳϽϲЀ ϣ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϰϯ ϫϱϡϳϸϡϪϹϦϭϴ ϰϴϳϩ. ϏϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϭϡϱϹϱϴϳϯϣ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ 1062. ώϦϲϭϯϳϱЀ Ϯϡ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ, ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϩ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩϩ ϑϞώυ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϢϴϬϡϣϯϫ, ϫϴϲϫϡ ϣϦϱЂϣϫϩ ϩ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϬϩ ϫϱϡϳϸϡϪϹϩϪ ϭϡϱϹϱϴϳ. ϘϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϭ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϦϳ ϯϤϱϯϭϮϼϭϩ ϥϯϲϳϯϩϮϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϪ, ϦϲϬϩ ϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϲϯϰϦϱϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ. ϐϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϪ ϴϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϩϭϦϦϳ ЂϭϫϴϿ ϰϡϭЀϳϽ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ Ϧϭϴ ϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϯϰϼϳϦ. ϔ ϮϦϤϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϰϯϥϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ. ϐϱϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϩ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ЀϣϮϼϭ, ϸϳϯ 803 ρϲϭϴϲ σ.ϕ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ϣ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ ϩ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ (ϏϸϦϱϫ ϩϲϳϯϱϩϩ: XVII – ϮϡϸϡϬϯ XX ϣ.). – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ-ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1963. – 312 ϲ. – ϒ. 13. 804 ςϦϱϤϲϯϮ ρ. ϒϯϢϱϡϮiϦ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮiϪ. ϓ. 5. – ϒ.-ϐϦϳϦϱϢϴϱϤϻ: ωϨϥϡϮiϦ ύ.ω. ϒϦϭЂϮϯϣϡ, 1914. – 207 ϲ. – ϒ. 6, 25–26. 805 τϦϱϡϲϩϭϯϣϡ ω.ρ. ωϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ // ϞϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ ϾϰϩϲϳϦϭϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ. – ύ.: ϋϡϮϯϮ+; ϑϦϡϢϩϬϩϳϡϷϩЀ, 2009. – 1248 ϲ. – ϒ. 307–309. – ϒ. 307. 384 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϿ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ, Ϯϡ ϴϭ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϼ ϫϡϫ Ϯϡ ϲϯϰϦϱϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ. ϐϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϮϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮЀϿϳ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ… ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϰϱϯϮϩϨϡϮ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ. όϿϢϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ Ϯϡ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ. ϖϯϳЀ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϡ ϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϴϥϩϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ, ϫϡϫ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϯ ϫϯϭϭϩϣϯЀϧЂϱϦ, ϯϮϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϮϦϲϳϩ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ… ώϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϭ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϢϦϨ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϣϼ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, ϮϦ ϨϮϡϦϳϦ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϮϡ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϡ»806. υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϯϪϡ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ: «ϋϡϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϦϹϡϿϺϩϪ ϴϸϦϲϳϽ ϯϢϡ Ͼϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩ ϲϭϴϳϮϼϦ (ЀϣϮϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ) ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϩ ϲϳϱϯϤϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ? σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϸϳϯ Ϧϭϴ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ (ϩ ϰϯϥϯϢϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ, ϰϯ-ϣϩϥϩϭϯϭϴ, ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϪ) ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϳϸЂϳϬϩϣϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϣϹϩϦϲЀ ϥϯϣϯϥϼ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ, ϰϦϱϦϥ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦϭ ϯϫϯϮϸϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϮϦ ϥϯϣϦϱЀЀ Ͼϳϩϭ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀϭ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϫ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ, ϫ ϲϭϴϳϮϼϭ ϩ ϮϦϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀϭ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϿϳϲЀ ϶ϯϱϯϹϩϦ ϹϡϮϲϼ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϭϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϢϬϡϤϯϳϣϯϱϮϯϦ ϣϬϩЀϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϿ, Ϯϡ ϲϭϴϳϮϼϦ ϦϤϯ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀ, – ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϣϩϥϩϭϯ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ. ϋϡϫ Ϣϼ ϳϡϭ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϯ, ϱϦϹϡϿϺϩϪ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϮϡϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϳϽ ϱϡϣϮϯϣϦϲϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϭϴϳϮϼϭϩ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩ ЀϲϮϼϭϩ ϥϯϣϯϥϡϭϩ»807. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϯϥϧϦϱϴ ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮϴ, ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡЂϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϦ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϡϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϩϨ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭϩ, ϩ ϩϮϲϳϩϮϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϵϡϫϳϼ, ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϥϡϿϳ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϴϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ, ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯ, ϮϦ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϡϦϳ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϯϰϼϳ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϨϢϱϡϳϽ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϪ ϫϴϱϲ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ ϸϡϲϳϩϸϮϯ ϫ ϰϯϥϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϮϦϳ Ϯϴϧϥϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϡϬϩ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯϦ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϦϮϩϦ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϥϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ808. 806 ϖϩϳϸ Ϙ.υϧ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ σϯϦϮϮϯ-ϣϯϨϥϴϹϮϼ϶ ϲϩϬϡ϶ // ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ω. ρϮϴϱϦϦϣϡ, ω.ύ. σϦϱϦϺϡϤϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϯ, 1969. – 520 ϲ. – ϒ. 51–52. 807 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 277. 808 ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮ ϑ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ.ϐ. ϒϯϮϩϮϡ ϩ Ϗ.φ. ψϩϬϽϢϦϱϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1957. – 191 ϲ. – ϒ. 76. § 6.1. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 385 4. ρϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ) ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸ (ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ), ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϪ ϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϷϩϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϾϣϱϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϪ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϡϭϯϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϮϦЀϲϮϼϭϩ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ, ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϮϦϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭϩ (ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ), ϢϦϨ ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡϭϩ, – ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ (ϩϬϩ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ (ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ) ϩ ϰϴϳϦϪ ϦЂ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. 386 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ύϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ. 2. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ ύϡϱϣϩϮϴ ύϩϮϲϫϩ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϦϤϯ ϵϡϭϩϬϩЀ ϳϱϡϮϲϫϱϩϢϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ύϩϮϲϫϩϪ), ϵϱϦϪϭ – Ͼϳϯ «ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϯϢϱϡϨ)»; ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, «ϲϴϢϵϱϦϪϭϼ, ϵϱϦϪϭϼ ϩ ϲϴϰϦϱϵϱϦϪϭϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ»809. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϒϾϷϴϯ ϏϲϴϤϦ, ϵϱϦϪϭ – Ͼϳϯ «ϵϯϱϭϡ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϸϦϱϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϥϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϡϳϼ»810. ϐϯ τ.ϒ. ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣϴ, ϵϱϦϪϭ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϣϩϥϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϡ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϬϡϲϲ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ. ώϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϵϱϦϪϭϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ ϫϬϡϲϲϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϩϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ811. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϦϺЂ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϿ, ϵϱϦϪϭ – Ͼϳϯ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰϡ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ; ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϡЀ ϩ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ ϩϬϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ812. ϒ.Ϡ. ώϯϣϩϫϯϣ ϩ ύ.ρ. όϩ϶ϯϢϡϢϦϮϫϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϿϳ ϵϱϦϪϭϼ (ϣ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϫϦ) ϫϡϫ «ϫϡϱϫϡϲϼ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭϦϱϮϼ϶ ϦϣϫϬϩϥϯϣϼ϶ (ϴϮϩϳϡϱϮϼ϶) ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣ»813. ϐϯ ϖϦϮϱϩϫϴ ϒϳϦϳϫϦϱϴ, «ϵϱϦϪϭ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ “ϰϦϱϦϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ”: ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ 809 ύϩϮϲϫϩϪ ύ. ϕϱϦϪϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ.ώ. τϱϩϮϢϡϴϭϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϕ.ύ. ϋϴϬϡϫϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϞϮϦϱϤϩЀ, 1979. – 152 ϲ. – ϒ. 7. 810 ϏϲϴϤϡ ϒ. ϏϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ЀϰϯϮ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1989. – 293 ϲ. – ϒ. 54–55. 811 ϐϯϲϰϦϬϯϣ τ.ϒ. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϿ // ύϩϮϲϫϩϪ ύ. ϕϱϦϪϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ.ώ. τϱϩϮϢϡϴϭϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϕ.ύ. ϋϴϬϡϫϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϞϮϦϱϤϩЀ, 1979. – 152 ϲ. – ϒ. 3. 812 ϋϯϱϮϩϦϮϫϯ ρϮ.ρ., ϋϯϱϮϩϦϮϫϯ ρ.ρ., ϋϯϱϮϩϦϮϫϯ ρ.σ. ϋ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϴ ϯ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϡ϶, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϡ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϡ // ωϨϣϦϲϳϩЀ ϓϯϭϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ. – 2013. – ϓ. 323. – ࠪ 6. – ϒ. 210–215. – ϒ. 213. 813 ώϯϣϩϫϯϣ ϒ.Ϡ., όϩ϶ϯϢϡϢϦϮϫϯ ύ.ρ. ϕϱϦϪϭϼ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϭϦϱϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣ: ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. – ϒϡϭϡϱϡ: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ «ϒϡϭϡϱϲϫϩϪ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳ», 2013. – 52 ϲ. – ϒ. 2. § 6.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 387 ϣ ϣϦϫϳϯϱϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϵϱϦϪϭϡ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϭ»814. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϏϬϦ ϋϱϩϲϳϦϮϲϦϮϴ, «ϵϱϦϪϭϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ. ϕϱϦϪϭ ϥϬЀ ϣϦϫϳϯϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ, ϲϮϡϢϧЂϮϮϼϪ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϨϡϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ ϫϡϫ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϴϿ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϿ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϣ ϫϡϥϱϦ, Ϯϯ ϬϩϮϦϪϮϡЀ ϮϦϨϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϫϡϥϱϡ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϮϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳϲЀ. ωϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϦ ϫϡϫ ϯϢ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ»815. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ύϡϱϣϩϮϡ ύϩϮϲϫϩ: «ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϦ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ, ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϴϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ; ϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩ [ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϮϯϦ] ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮ ϲϩϬϼ ϩ “ϢϼϲϳϱϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ” ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ». ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ «ϯϳϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϳ ϰϯϰϼϳϯϫ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϮϡϢϯϱϯϣ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶… ϏϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϭ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϲϬϴϧϩϳ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϰϼϳϡЀϲϽ ϰϯϨϮϡϳϽ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϥϬЀ ϲϦϢЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ-Ϯϯϣϯϭϴ ϣϨϤϬЀϮϴϳϽ Ϯϡ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϮϼϦ ϣϦϺϩ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϩϨ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϯϢϱϡϨ), ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϴϿ Ϯϡϭϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϭ, ϲ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϱϡϲϸЂϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϮϦϪ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϰϱϩϤϯϥϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. ϕϱϦϪϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϯϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϦϯϳϩϰϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ϒ ϫϡϧϥϼϭ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϭ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϣϩϥϯϣ. ϏϥϮϡ ϦЂ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϫϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϵϱϦϪϭ, ϥϱϴϤϡЀ – ϸϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ, ϳϱϦϳϽЀ – ϸϳϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ, ϦϲϬϩ Ͼϳϩ ϯϧϩϥϡϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϥЀϳϲЀ. ϕϱϦϪϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϲϦϳϩ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϦϪ ϩϨ ϴϨϬϯϣ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ. “σϦϱ϶ϮϩϦ ϴϱϯϣϮϩ” ϵϱϦϪϭϡ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϼ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϼ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ώϡ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϩϨϫϩ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϩϭϦϦϳϲЀ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϲϯϢϼ϶ ϣϦϱϹϩϮϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϬϯϣ ϩϬϩ “ЀϸϦϦϫ”, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϼ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϮϼϭϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϡϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. ϋϡϧϥϼϭ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϬϯϭ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϴϲϳϡϮϡϣϬϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱЀϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ. ϐϱϯϲϳϼϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϡϭϩ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϨϡϥϡϮϩϦϭ 814 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Christensen O. An Introduction to Frames and Riesz Bases [σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϼ ϩ ϢϡϨϩϲϼ ϑϩϲϡ]. Second Edition. – Basel (Switzerland): Birkhäuser, 2016. – xxv; 704 p. – P. xi. 815 Christensen O. An Introduction to Frames and Riesz Bases [σϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϣϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϼ ϩ ϢϡϨϩϲϼ ϑϩϲϡ]. Second Edition. – Basel (Switzerland): Birkhäuser, 2016. – xxv; 704 p. – P. 1. 388 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϬϡ ϢϼϬ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳ, ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϯϣ, ϩϬϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽ Ϯϡ ϲϴϢϵϱϦϪϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϩϰϡ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭϩ ϨϡϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀϭϩ, ϣϫϬϿϸЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϦϱϹϩϮϼ. τϱϴϰϰϼ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϬϩϨϫϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϴ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϼ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϴ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ. ϑϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϱϦϪϭϡϭϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ… ϒϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, ϲϦϳϽϿ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ»816. ϒϡϭ ύϡϱϣϩϮ ύϩϮϲϫϩ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϯ ϮϦϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϣϼϳϦϫϡϿϺϦϪ ϩϨ ϮϦЂ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ817. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϧϩϬϡϲϽ ϩ ϲϳϡϬϡ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϯϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ, ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϣϯ ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϣϩϥϡ϶ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ ϒϾϷϴϯ ϏϲϴϤϡ, «ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϣϲϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ, ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩϦ ЀϨϼϫϴ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϩ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϯϣϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. σ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϣϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣϼϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϰϱϩϣϮϦϲϦϮϼ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ ЀϨϼϫϡ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϬϯ Ϯϡ ϢϡϨϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ. ϕϱϦϪϭϯϣϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ Ϯϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣ ύϡϱϣϩϮϡ ύϩϮϲϫϩ, ϫϡϫ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϫ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϿ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϰϱϩϤϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϲϷϦϮ ϩ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ. ϕϱϦϪϭ, ϫϡϫ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦϭ, ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϲ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϦ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϯϳϬϩϸϮϡЀ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϡϳϯϣ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϡЀ ϵϯϱϭϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϺϩϦ ϦЂ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϵϯϱϭ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ… σϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϦϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ, ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϭ. ϏϮ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϵϯϱϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϭϯϧϮϯ (ϩϬϩ ϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ) ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϦϪ. σ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϳϯϱϡ ϵϱϦϪϭϴ ϰϱϩϲϣϡϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϭЀ. Ϟϳϯ ϩϭЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϣϯ ϣϲϦϪ ϵϱϦϪϭϯϣϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ. ϕϱϦϪϭ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϴϿ ϩϨ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϡ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϲϬϯϳϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϱϩϲϣϡϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϩϭϦϮϡ. ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϲϬϯϳ ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϯϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϡϫϡЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϵϱϦϪϭϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϭ»818. 816 ύϩϮϲϫϩϪ ύ. ϕϱϦϪϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ.ώ. τϱϩϮϢϡϴϭϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϕ.ύ. ϋϴϬϡϫϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϞϮϦϱϤϩЀ, 1979. – 152 ϲ. – ϒ. 6–8. 817 ύϩϮϲϫϩϪ ύ. ϕϱϦϪϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ.ώ. τϱϩϮϢϡϴϭϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϕ.ύ. ϋϴϬϡϫϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϞϮϦϱϤϩЀ, 1979. – 152 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 818 ϏϲϴϤϡ ϒ. ϏϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ЀϰϯϮ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1989. – 293 ϲ. – ϒ. 54–56. § 6.2. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 389 3. ρϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ώϡϹϡ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩЀ ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ύϡϱϣϩϮϡ ύϩϮϲϫϩ ϩ ϒϾϷϴϯ ϏϲϴϤϩ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭϡ ϫ Ϯϩϭ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϢϬϩϨϫϡ ϫ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ υϧϦϪϭϲϯϭ ώϦϬϽϲϯϮϯϭ819, ςϡϱϮϩ τϬϦϨϦϱϯϭ ϩ ρϮϲϦϬϽϭϯϭ ϒϳϱϯϲϲϯϭ820 ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϭϯϫ (theoretical sampling). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϯϳ ϡϮϤϬ. «frame» – ϫϡϱϫϡϲ, ϱϡϭϫϡ) – ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ (ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩЀ ϩ «ϴϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ» ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϧЂϲϳϫϩϭϩ ϱϡϭϫϡϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϵϩϫϲϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-ϨϡϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ) ϣ ϳϯϪ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϱϦϥϦ, ϤϥϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϩϮϣϡϨϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϬϩϢϯ ϤϥϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϦϨ ϰϯϳϦϱϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ «ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ», «ϣϼϱϦϨϡϳϽ» ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϳϡϳϩϫϦ ϩ ϣ ϥϦϫϯϭϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ (ϢϦϨ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ) ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϴϿ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϕϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϣ ϩϮϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ – ϰϱϩϮϴϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϭϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϣ ϧЂϲϳϫϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϼϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϦ (vinculum juris) ϱϡϭϫϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϭϼ϶ ϫ ϲϵϦϱϦ, ϤϥϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϦϤϴϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϣϯϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϮϦϩϮϣϡϨϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϰϯϱЀϥϯϫ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϫϡϫ ϡϱ϶ϩϳϦϫϳϴϱϡ, ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϰϱϡϣϡ. 819 Nelson J. Using conceptual depth criteria: addressing the challenge of reaching saturation in qualitative research [ωϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϦϣ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ: ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶] // Qualitative Research. – 2017. – Vol. 17. – ࠪ 5. – P. 554–570. 820 Glaser B.D., Strauss A.K. The Discovery of Grounded Theory [ϏϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ]. – Chicago (IL, USA): Aldine Transaction, 1967. – x; 271 p. – P. 60, etc. 390 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϰϱϩϮϴϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϣЂϱϳϫϩ) ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϰϩϲϯϫ (ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϯϫ) ϣϼϲϹϩϭ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀϭ ϫϱϴϰϮϼ϶ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ «ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ». ϏϥϮϯ ϩϨ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ – ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϴϭϦϳϽ «ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϧϡϳϩϦ, ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ», ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ «ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ» (ϣ ϮϴϧϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ) ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ, ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϡ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ821. ϏϸϦϮϽ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϱϩ ϲϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϮϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲϧϡϳϩϦ ϱϦϸϩ ϯϱϡϳϯϱϡ – ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ, ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴ ϯϰϼϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϡ ϳϦϭϰϯϭ ϩ ϲϳϩϬϦϭ ϱϦϸϩ ϯϱϡϳϯϱϡ822. σϦϲϽϭϡ ϨϮϡϸϩϭ ϩ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϦϮ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ (ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭ ϳϦϫϲϳϡϭ) ϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩ϶ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϯϫ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ, ϭϡϹϩϮϯϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϩϲϰϯϬϮЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ823. ϒ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϨϡϹϩϳ» (ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ. ϓϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϿϳϲЀ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϥϡϣϮϯ824. ώϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϯ ϲϴϳϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϳϱϴϥϯЂϭϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩ ϯ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ϶ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϡϮ. 821 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 141–142, 64. 822 ϘϦϱϮϯϣ τ.σ. ϒϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ: ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ – ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ // ϓϦϳϱϡϥϩ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϡ: σϼϰ. 6. 1969 / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ό.ϒ. ςϡϱ϶ϴϥϡϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, 1969. – ϒ. 52–65. – ϒ. 55. 823 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. ϋϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϩϲϰϯϬϮЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ: ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ, ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ ϑϦϤϓϦ϶Ϧ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2020. – Vol. 8. – ࠪ 9. – ϒ. 59– 69. ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. ϋϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ // ϟϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϡ. – 2021. – ࠪ 15. – ϒ. 231–236. 824 ώϡϬϩϭϯϣ σ.σ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: τϯϲ. ϩϨϥ-ϣϯ ϵϩϨ.-ϭϡϳ. ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1960. – 430 ϲ. ϘϦϱϮϯϣ τ.σ. ϒϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ: ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ – ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ // ϓϦϳϱϡϥϩ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϡ: σϼϰ. 6 / 1969 / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ό.ϒ. ςϡϱ϶ϴϥϡϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, 1969. – ϒ. 52–65. ϒϯϫϯϬϯϣ ρ.σ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϨϢϩϱϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ // ώϡϴϸϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ. ϒϦϱ. 2. – 1972. – ࠪ 8. – ϒ. 9–14. § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 391 ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ύ.σ. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϯϪ, ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϫϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϡ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϲϦ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ825. υϬЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϦϺЂ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ. 2. ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϋϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ» ϣϣЂϬ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ ώϩϫϯϬϡϪ ϋϴϨϡϮϲϫϩϪ (1401–1464)826, ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϣϹϩϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϩ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϫϡϫ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ, ϡ ϫϡϫ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϿ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ «ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ»827. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ σ.σ. ώϡϬϩϭϯϣϡ, ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ (ϲϯϫϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ, «ϲϣЂϱϳϫϡ») ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϡϭϯϷϦϬϽ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϥϮϴ ϩϨ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ828. σ ϯϢϺϦϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υ.ω. ςϬϿϭϦϮϡϴ, ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϣϹϦϭϴ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯoϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ829, «ϰϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ (ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ (ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, όϦϯϮϯϣ σ.ϐ. ϑϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϡϮϮϯϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ. – ώϯϣϯϲϩϢϩϱϲϫ: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1986. – 176 ϲ. ςϬϿϭϦϮay υ.ω. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϦϱϣϩϲ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1989. – 192 ϲ. ϒϩϮϩϷϼϮϡ ϑ.σ., ϒϫϱϩϰϡϬϽ ρ.σ. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ. – ϒϡϱϡϳϯϣ: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϒϡϱϡϳ. ϴϮ-ϳϡ, 2007. – 233 ϲ. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. 825 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 595. 826 ϒϭ.: ϋϴϨϡϮϲϫϩϪ ώ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ: σ 2 ϳ. ϓ. 1 / ϐϦϱ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ, ϲϳϡϳϽЀ 3.ρ. ϓϡϧϴϱϩϨϩϮϯϪ / ρώ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1979. – 488 ϲ. – ϒ. 86, 89, 103–106, 189–190 ϩ ϥϱ. ϋϴϨϡϮϲϫϩϪ ώ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ: σ 2 ϳ. ϓ. 2 / ϐϦϱ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ, ϲϳϡϳϽЀ 3.ρ. ϓϡϧϴϱϩϨϩϮϯϪ / ρώ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1980. – 471 ϲ. – ϒ. 39, 55–58, 64–65 ϩ ϥϱ. 827 όϡϱϩϮϡ ύ.σ. σϩϥϼ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ // σϦϲϳϮϩϫ ϋρϒϔ. – 2010. – ࠪ 2. – ϒ. 69–74. 828 ώϡϬϩϭϯϣ σ.σ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϣϦϺϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: τϯϲ. ϩϨϥ-ϣϯ ϵϩϨ.-ϭϡϳ. ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1960. – 430 ϲ. – ϒ. 15, 11. 829 ςϬϿϭϦϮay υ.ω. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϦϱϣϩϲ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1989. – 192 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 392 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϦϮϩϦϭ (ϩϬϩ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦϭ) ϦϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ»830. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ: ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ώ.ω. χϩϮϫϩϮϴ, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳ (ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮ) ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϩϬϩ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳ ϣ ϲϯϫϱϡϺЂϮϮϼϪ831. ϒϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϯϫϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ, ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϦ ϦϤϯ ϲϧϡϳϩϦ. ϒϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩϦ (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϴϥϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϦϲϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ώ.ω. ϋϯϬϦϲϮϩϫϯϣϡ, ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ: «ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ – ϭϡϫϲϩϭϴϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ»; «ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ. ϐϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϲϧϡϳϩϦ (ϩϬϩ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϿ) ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϰϱϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϣ ϳϦϫϲϳ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϩ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯϳ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϨϡϤϯϬϯϣϯϫ»832. ϔϱϯϣϦϮϽ (ϭϦϱϡ) ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϴϰϬϯϳϮϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) ϣϯ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼ϶ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ϶ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ – ϯϳ ϮϴϬϦϣϯϤϯ ϬϩϢϯ ϢϬϩϨϫϯϤϯ ϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ (ϭϩϫϱϯ-ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϮϦϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϥϯ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ833. ϒϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϤϱϡϭϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϯЀ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦϭ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ, ϯϳϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϯϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ834. ϐϱϩ ϲϫϯϬϽ-ϮϩϢϴϥϽ ϯϳϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϯϳ ϮϴϬЀ ϭϦϱϦ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϴϰϬϯϳϮϦϮϩЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϳϦϱϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼ. σϯϰϱϯϲ ϣ ϳϯϭ – ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ (ϥϯ ϫϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ) ϩ ϰϯ ϫϡϫϩϭ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩЀϭ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϲϦϢϦ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳϽ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϩ ϱϦϹϡϦϭϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. 830 ςϬϿϭϦϮϡϴ υ.ω. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ / ϲϩϮϳϦϨ ϥϬЀ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ. – ϒϐϢ.: ϐϱϯϵϦϲϲϩЀ, 2002. – 240 ϲ. – ϒ. 12. 831 χϩϮϫϩϮ ώ.ω. ύϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϼ ϱϦϸϩ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ρϫϡϥϦϭϩϩ ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϯϡϴϫ, 1958. – 370 ϲ. – ϒ. 49. 832 ϋϯϬϦϲϮϩϫϯϣϡ ώ.ω. Ϗϳ ϫϯϮϲϰϦϫϳϡ ϫ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ: ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ ϰϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϿ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϰϩϲϽϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ., ϲϳϦϱ. – ύ.: ϕϬϩϮϳϡ, 2012. – 289 ϲ. – ϒ. 225, 146. 833 ςϬϿϭϦϮay υ.ω. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϦϱϣϩϲ. – ό.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1989. – 192 ϲ. – ϒ. 44, 150. 834 ϒϯϬϯϭϡϳϩϮ ώ.ύ. Ϟσύ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. – ύ.: ύϡϹϩϮϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ, 1977. – 127 ϲ. – ϒ. 29. § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 393 ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ (ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϩ). ϐϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϧϦ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ώϩϫϯϬϡϿ ϋϴϨϡϮϲϫϯϭϴ, «ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϲϳϽ ϣϲϦϤϯ [ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ] ϦϥϩϮϡ, ϩ ϮϦϳ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϷϩϩ, ϥϱϴϤϯϪ – ϥϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϳϱϦϳϽϦϪ – ϥϬЀ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϳϡϫ ϥϡϬϦϦ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϴϭ, ϲϯϣϰϡϥϡϿϺϩϪ ϲ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭϯϭ, ϤϥϦ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϦ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϳϯϧϥϦϲϳϣϴ»835 (Ͼϳϩ ϦϤϯ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϢϼϬϩ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϡϮϼ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϩϮϯϭ ϫϬϿϸϦ, Ϯϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϼ ϩ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹ ϫϱϴϤ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ). ϐϱϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϲ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭϩ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϭϩ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϦ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϲϧϡϳϩЀ ϩ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϱϦϸϦϣϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ, ϥϦϦϰϱϩϸϡϲϳϮϯϪ ϩ ϮϯϭϩϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϩϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ836, ϲϴϢϲϳϡϮϳϩϣϡϷϩϩ ϤϬϡϤϯϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϡϥϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϲϬϯϣϯϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ837. ϐϯ τ.σ. ϘϦϱϮϯϣϴ, «“ϲϧϡϳϩϦ” ϱϦϸϩ, “ϣϼϧϩϭϡϮϩϦ” ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϥЂϳ: 1) ϰϯ ϬϩϮϩϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ, Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬϦϮϩЀ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϩ ϩ 2) ϰϯ ϬϩϮϩϩ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ»838. ϐϯ ϑ.ϋ. ύϩϮϽЀϱ-ςϦϬϯϱϴϸϦϣϴ, «ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϤϱϡϭϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϰϱϯϲϳϩϳϽ ϳϦϫϲϳ…, Ϯϯ ϩ ϴϭϦϮϽϹϩϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϲϬϯϤϯϣϴϿ ϣϦϬϩϸϩϮϴ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϬϿϢϼϭϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀϭϩ, ϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϫϱϡϺϡϿϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϯϲϣϯϢϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϯϳ ϱЀϥϡ ϲϬϯϣ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩ϶ ϣϳϯϱϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ»839. 835 ϋϴϨϡϮϲϫϩϪ ώ. ϒϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ: σ 2 ϳ. ϓ. 1 / ϐϦϱ., ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϣϲϳϴϰϩϳ, ϲϳϡϳϽЀ 3.ρ. ϓϡϧϴϱϩϨϩϮϯϪ / ρώ ϒϒϒϑ, ωϮ-ϳ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ. – ύ.: ύϼϲϬϽ, 1979. – 488 ϲ. – ϒ. 104. 836 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: υϯϮϸϦϮϫϯ τ.σ. ϋϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϸϡϲϳϩЀ϶ (Ϯϡ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϡϲϳϩϪ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϤϯ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϡ): ρϣϳϯϱϦϵ. ϥϩϲ. ϫϡϮϥ. ϵϩϬϯϬ. Ϯϡϴϫ. – ύ., 1977. – 16 ϲ. 837 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 595–596. 838 ϘϦϱϮϯϣ τ.σ. ϒϩϮ϶ϱϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ: ϱϦϸϦϣϡЀ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩЀ – ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ // ϓϦϳϱϡϥϩ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϸϩϫϡ: σϼϰ. 6. 1969 / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ό.ϒ. ςϡϱ϶ϴϥϡϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ, 1969. – ϒ. 52–65. – ϒ. 60. 839 ύϩϮϽЀϱ-ςϦϬϯϱϴϸϦϣ ϑ.ϋ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ. – ύ.: ύϯϲϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϬϩϷϦϪ, 1996. – 209 ϲ. – ϒ. 171. 394 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼ϶ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣ, ϶ϯϳЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϫϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡϭϩ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϳ ϩ϶, ϣϲЂ ϧϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϮϼ ϯϳ Ϯϩ϶, ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ. ύϼ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ (ϱϦϸϦϣϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ) ϫϡϫ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ. 3. ϒϵϦϱϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϣ ϳϦ϶ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳЀ϶) ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ ϥϬЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): – ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϳϽ (ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ) ϩ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϯϣϡϳϽ ϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩϨ ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϫϡϫ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶) ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϳϦϱϡϢϡϪϳϼ (1012 ϢϡϪϳ) ϩϬϩ ϰϦϳϡϢϡϪϳϼ (1015 ϢϡϪϳ), ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϦ (ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϿ, ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳ ϲϴϳϩ) ϣ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ, ϴϭϦϺϡϿϺϦϭϲЀ Ϯϡ 1–2 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϡ϶ ϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϭ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-Ђϭϫϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ; – ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϧϡϳϼϦ ϣϼϢϯϱϫϩ ϩϨ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ «ϮϦ Ϩϡ϶ϬϦϢϮϴϳϽϲЀ» ϣ ϮϦϪ; – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ840 ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ; – ϮϯϱϭϯϱϡϪϳϦϱϲϫϡЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ; – ϷϩϵϱϯϣϡЀ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϸϩϳϡϦϭϯϤϯ, ϭϡϹϩϮϯϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϯϩϲϰϯϬϮЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ; – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϫϯϮϲϰϦϫϳϡ841; – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϡϣϳϯϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϩ ϡϮϮϯϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ842, ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϲϩϮϯϰϲϩϲϡ ϲϳϡϳϦϪ ϣ ϲϢϯϱϮϩϫϦ ϩ ϤϬϡϣ ϣ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϭϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ, ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϯϤϬϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ (ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ); 840 ϒϭ. ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϱϡϨϥϦϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϩϨϥϡϮϩЀ. ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 417–423. <https://statereligion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. 842 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 432. 841 § 6.3. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 395 – ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϢϡϨϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶; – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϩϩ843, ϯϢϨϯϱϡ; – ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϡ ϰϡϳϦϮϳϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩЀ). σ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. 4. ρϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Analytical method of content compression») – Ͼϳϯ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϴϿϺϦ-ϴϰϬϯϳϮЀϿϺϦϪ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϯϮϮϯ-ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ (ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ – ϵϯϱϭϡϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϪ (ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼϪ) ϯϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ (ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϭϦϮϽϹϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ (ϩϬϩ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϲ ϮϴϬЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ / ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ) ϣ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϭ ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ-Ђϭϫϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϩ (ϰϱϩ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϯ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϴϳϱϡϳϼ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ), ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ: – ϰϱϩϮϴϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϯϣϯϦ (ϢϯϬϦϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸЂϳϫϯϦ, ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ – «ϰϯϣϦϱ϶») ϸϬϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϳϦϬϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ (ϷϦϬϦϣϯϤϯ) ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ); – ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϦϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ (ϯϳϲϦϣ) ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼ϶ (ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϵϡϫϳϡϧϡ, Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϳϡϢϬϩϷ, ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϪ ϣ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϭ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϭϡϬϯϣϡϧϮϯϪ, ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ (ϥϬЀ ϷϦϬϦϪ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϦϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ (ϯϳϲϦϣ, ϯϳϢϱϡϲϼϣϡϮϩϦ) ϩϨϬϩϹϮϩ϶ ϴϳϯϸϮϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϪ, ϴϫϱϡϹϡϿϺϩ϶ ϱϦϸϦϣϼ϶ ϯϢϯϱϯϳϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϼ϶ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, ϰϯϣϳϯϱϯϣ ϣ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϭ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϱϦϸϦϣϯϪ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ ϩ ϲϧϡϳϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; 843 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 424–431. 396 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ (ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϼ϶ ϥϯϭϩϮϡϮϳ) ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϿϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϫ Ͼϳϯϭϴ Ͼϳϡϰϴ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯ-ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϦϦ, ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ, «ϲϰϬϡϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ» ϲϧϡϳϩϦ ϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ЂϭϫϩϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϼ (ϲ ϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ Ϯϡ ϮϡϩϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϦϭ); – ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϦϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ ϳϦ϶ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ Ͼϳϡϰϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϤϯ (ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϤϯ) ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ (ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϣϩϮϳϾϲϲϦϮϷϩϩ) ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ; ϩ Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϦ϶ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ Ͼϳϡϰϴ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ ϩϥϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϲϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϵϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϦϱϲϩϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ; – ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϱϦ-ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ, ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϲϳϡϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϩϥϦϪ (ϣ ϴϧϦ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ) ϩ, ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϲϰϬϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϰϡϱϮϯ (ϩϬϩ ϰϯ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭ) ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϣ ϭϦϳϡϵϯϱϭϼ) ϲ ϩ϶ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϼϭ «ϣϼϲϴϹϩϣϡϮϩϦϭ» – ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϼϭ ϴϰϡϫϯϣϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϲϧϡϳϼϦ, ϲϫϯϮϷϦϮϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ; – ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϢϯϱϫϡ ϩ «ϹϬϩϵϯϣϫϡ» ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϥϡϮϩЀ Ϧϭϴ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϪ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϯϲϳϩ, ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϩ. § 6.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 397 § 6.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ. ϋ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϦ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ϯϯϱϭϼ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ, ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϪ ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϪ ϩϨ Ϯϯϱϭϼ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϫϡϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϤϯ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϯϡ ϬϦϫϷϩϿ ϲ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ ϳϦϨϩϲϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϨϡϰϩϲЀ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϼ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϦϪ (ϰϱϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϹϡϢϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ). ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϩ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϩϪ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϴϨϮϡЂϳ, ϸϳϯ Ϧϭϴ, ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϣϭϦϲϳϯ 5 ϭϩϮϴϳ (ϫ ϸϦϭϴ ϯϮ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϤϯϳϯϣϩϬϲЀ) ϰϱϩϥЂϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ 30 ϭϩϮϴϳ. σϲϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϩϳϽ, ϩ϶ ϭϮϯϤϯ. ϏϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϯ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ: – ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϫ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϼ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϴϫϱϴϰϮϩϳϽ ϰϬϡϮ ϬϩϢϯ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϩϳϽ ϲϳϣϯϱ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ; – ϰϦϱϦϪϳϩ ϫ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϯϪ ϣ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϭ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣϼ϶ϯϥЀ ϰϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϴ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ. ϑϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϬϿϢϯϦ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ (ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϦ ϮϡϱϡϺϩϣϡϮϩϦ) ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩ, ϴϧ ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ, ϮϦ ϢϡϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ «ϥϯϬϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϥϯϪ». ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ύ.σ. σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϯϪ, «ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ – “ϴϫϱϴϰϮϦϮϩϦ ϰϬϡϮϡ” ϰϱϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϬ, ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϼ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϴϧϦ ϮϦ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ, ϡ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ. ϑϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϲ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ… ϑϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϲϬϯϣϯϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ ϣ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ»844. 844 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 598. 398 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϣϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ (ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ – ϵϯϱϭϡϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϪ (ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼϪ) ϯϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ (ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϾϣϯϬϿϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϱϡϨϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ-ϮϡϲϼϺϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ, ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ, ϵϡϫϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ, ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ (ϱϡϨϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϮϩЀ) ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϩϨ ϦϤϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ, ϰϱϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϵϩϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϦϦϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϲ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϭ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϭ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϪ ϲϣЂϱϳϫϯϪ). ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϸЂϳϫϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϦϰϯϬϡϤϡϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϳϦϭϼ (ϯϢϬϡϥϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ «ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ» ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϯϱϡϸϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ). ϑϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ (ϰϯ ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϿ ϬϩϷϡ, ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ-ϲϣЂϱϳϫϴ), ϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ – ϰϯ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϼϭ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭ ϳϯϸϫϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϡϢϱϩϲϡϭ (ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ). ϑϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϮϳϯϭ ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ (ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϯ ϰϯϥ) ϩϬϩ ϢϦϨ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϷϦϬϦϣϯϪ ϡϴϥϩϳϯϱϩϩ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳϯϣ. σ ϰϦϱϣϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϮϡϥϯϢϩϳϽϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϡЀ ϡϥϡϰϳϡϷϩЀ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡϭϩ ϲ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϼϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡϰϡϲϯϭ845. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ «ϱϡϨϣϦϱϮϴϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ»846, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϯ ϳϯϭϴ – ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϳϯϧϦ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ «ϱϡϨϣϦϱϮϴϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯ». ψϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϭϦϱϼ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϲ ϴϳϱϡϳϯϪ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϩϫϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϸϦϱϮϯϣϩϫϯϣ ϬϩϢϯ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϩϭ ϬϩϷϡϭ (ϮϦ ϳϦϭ, ϫϳϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϬ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϪ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϪ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬ) ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ 845 ύϩϮϽЀϱ-ςϦϬϯϱϴϸϦϣ ϑ.ϋ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ. – ύ.: ύϯϲϫϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϬϩϷϦϪ, 1996. – 209 ϲ. – ϒ. 56–57. 846 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 595. § 6.4. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ 399 (ϣϯ ϣϲЀϫϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϲϯϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϯϬϦϨϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ, ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ, ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ). ϐϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩϨ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϦϤϯ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ (ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ-ϲϣЂϱϳϫϩ) ϳϦϭ ϧϦ ϬϩϷϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϥϦϬϡϬϯ ϦϤϯ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩϦ, ϩ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϩϨ ϲϣЂϱϳϫϩ, ϱϡϮϦϦ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϼϭ ϬϩϷϯϭ (ϰϱϩ ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϫϯϮϳϡϫϳϡ ϲ Ϯϩϭ ϲϦϪϸϡϲ), Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽϲЀ. ϖϯϳЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡ ϴϮϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϲϢϬϩϨϩϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. 400 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «méthode de contraste») ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϣϴ϶ (ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ) ϣϦϺϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϪ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϲϴϳϽ ϣϦϺϦϪ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϩ϶ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ, ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϱЀϥϦ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶847. ςϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ ϥϡЂϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ: «ϋϯϮϳϱϡϲϳ – ϱϦϨϫϯϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ. σ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ “ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳ” ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩϦ, ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϦ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϥϣϴ϶ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϼ ϸϴϣϲϳϣ. σ ϶ϴϥϯϧϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϦ “ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳ” ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϴϰϯϳϱϦϢϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϩϮϯϮϩϭ ϲϬϯϣϡ “ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ”. σ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϯϭ “ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳ” ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ»848. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮ ϲ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϦϭϼϭϩ (ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϭϼϭϩ) ϰϩϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϲϩϤϮϡϳϴϱ ϩϬϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ, ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϮϼϭϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭϩ ϩϲϰϼϳϴϦϭϼ϶, ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϮϼϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭ ρ.ϒ. ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣϡ, «ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϾϫϲϳϱϡϯϱϥϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ. φϤϯ ϮϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϸϩϳϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϭ ϴϭϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϏϮ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳ ϣ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϬϡϮϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ϒϴϺϮϯϲϳϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϩϩ ϴϸЂϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩϭ ϰϯϨϮϡϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϣ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϣϹϩϭϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩϬϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ ϱϡϥϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϬϡϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϥϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϼϪ, ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϯ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϿ ϲ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ… ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЂϮ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϩϭϦϿϺϦϭϴϲЀ ϨϮϡϮϩϿ. φϲϬϩ Ͼϳϯ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ ϩϨ ϮϦϤϯ ϣϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϦ ϲ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ, ϳϯ ϫϯϮϵϬϩϫϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϦϹЂϮ ϰϴϳЂϭ 847 ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ ρ.ω. ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. ωϨϥ. 3-Ϧ, ϥϯϰϯϬϮ. ϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢ. / ϋϯϮϲϯϱϷϩϴϭ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϐϱϡϣϯ. ϗϩϵϱϡ». – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2022. – 754 ϲ. – ϒ. 433–657. <https://statereligion.ru/index.php?p=post&id=74>. 848 ϋϯϮϳϱϡϲϳ // ςϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / τϬ. ϱϦϥ. ς.ρ. σϣϦϥϦϮϲϫϩϪ. ϓ. 22. – ύ.: τϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ «ςϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϒϯϣϦϳϲϫϡЀ ϾϮϷϩϫϬϯϰϦϥϩЀ», 1953. – 628 ϲ. – ϒ. 459. § 6.5. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ 401 ϣϼϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϭϴ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ ϮϡϬϩϸϮϯϭϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϿ. υϬЀ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЂϮ ϩ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭ, ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ… ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЂϮ ϩ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϴ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. σ ϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϳϯϳ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϮϦ ϥϡϿϳ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϰϱϯϢϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ. Ϟϳϯ, ϣϯ-ϰϦϱϣϼ϶, ϭϯϧϦϳ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϯϢϻϦϫϳ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ, ϡ ϣϯ-ϣϳϯϱϼ϶, ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϡϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϫϯϭϼϪ, ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ… σ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϩϢϦϤϡϳϽ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϭϦϳϯϥϴ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϦ ϣ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϣ – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϣϲϦϯϢϺϩ϶ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϐϱϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϳϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϡ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϡϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. φϲϬϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϢϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϮϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳ ϩϲϫϯϭϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϳ ϵϡϫϳϡϭ, ϳϯ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϣϯϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ. ϏϮ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϡ ϳϯ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϿ ϮϦϯϧϩϥϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϯϣϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ»849. ϘϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϫϷϦϮϳ ϣ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϭϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ (ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϳ.Ϯ. ψϡϫϯϮϴ ύЂϱϵϩ). 849 ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ ρ.ϒ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ: ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: ϑϦϰϱϯ, 1993. – 175 ϲ. – ϒ. 124–125, 126–127. 402 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.6. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ ϮϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϣϼϮϴϧϥϦϮ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϦϬϯ ϲϯ ϲϫϱϼϳϼϭϩ, ϮϦЀϣϮϼϭϩ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «connaissances tacites»; ϩϲϰϡϮ. – «conocimiento tácito»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «tacit knowledge» – ϮϦЀϣϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ), ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡϦϭϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϭϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼϭϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϡϭϩ, ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭϩ, ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ. ώϦϲϬϴϸϡϪϮϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϭ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϮϦЀϣϮϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ύϡϪϫϬϡ ϐϯϬϡϮϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϮϩϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϣϴ϶ ϳϩϰϯϣ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ: – ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϩϬϩ ЀϣϮϯϤϯ, ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ); – ϰϦϱϩϵϦϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ (ϮϦЀϣϮϯϤϯ, ϲϫϱϼϳϯϤϯ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϤϯ)850. φϲϳϽ ϱЀϥ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ, ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ, ϩ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϣϲϦ ϯϮϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϸϦϮϼ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϯϭ. ω϶ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϯϳϦϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϮϦ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ, Ϩϡ ϲϡϭϼϭ ϱϦϥϫϩϭ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϦϭ (ϳϡϫ, ρ.ρ. ϒϯϬϯϣϽЂϣ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϬ ϣ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶851 ϭϦϳϯϥ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϯϱϩϪ). ϐϯ ϋϬϡϪϥϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϬϩϮϴ, ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ – «ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϫϩ, ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϭ Ϯϡ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϦϭϼϦ ϩ϶ ϢϦϤϬϯϪ ϫϯϮϣϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϯϪ»852. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ρ. ϠϮϸϴϫϴ, «ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶… ϞϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϳ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϩ 850 όϦϫϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ σ.ρ. ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ ϫ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭϴ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϿ // ϐϯϬϡϮϩ ύ. όϩϸϮϯϲϳϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϦ: ώϡ ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵϩϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. σ.ρ. όϦϫϳϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ σ.ω. ρϱϹϩϮϯϣϡ; ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. σ.ρ. όϦϫϳϯϱϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1985. – 344 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 851 ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϒϯϬϯϣϽЂϣ ρ.ρ. ϑϯϲϲϩϪϲϫϩϪ ϩ ϨϡϱϴϢϦϧϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϯ ϲϰϯϱϳϦ / ϋϯϭϩϲ. ϰϯ ϲϰϯϱϳ. ϰϱϡϣϴ ρϲϲϯϷ. Ͽϱϩϲϳϯϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ. – ύ., 2011. – 383 ϲ. 852 Franklin C.W. Theoretical perspectives in social psychology [ϓϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ]. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1982. – 366 p. – P. 39. § 6.6. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϾϫϲϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϥϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 403 ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϯϪ, ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϣϲϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϼ, ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩϭϼϦ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬϦϭ»853. ϐϯ ϋϬϡϪϥϴ ϕϱϾϮϫϬϩϮϴ, ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ – «ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϣϲϦ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϲϬϡϢϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϮϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϬϡϢϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϬϡϮϦ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϡ»854. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ρ. ϠϮϸϴϫϴ, «ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϯ-ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ, ϮϦ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϫ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϿ ϣϲϦ϶ ϦϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ»855. υϦϲϫϱϩϰϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϲϰϬϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ (ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϱϡϨϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ) ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϼϬ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮ τϦϱϢϦϱϳϯϭ ςϬϴϭϦϱϯϭ856 ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲ϶Ϧϭϴ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ Ϯϡ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩЀ϶ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ ϩϭϦϬϡϲϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀ϶ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϴϸϡϲϳϩϦ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϸϩϳϡϳϦϬЀ ϣ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ857. 853 ϠϮϸϴϫ σ.ρ. ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϬϦϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ-ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϩϰϬϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, 2001. – 48 ϲ. – ϒ. 25–26. 854 Franklin C.W. Theoretical perspectives in social psychology [ϓϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϣ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ]. – Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1982. – 366 p. – P. 39. 855 ϠϮϸϴϫ σ.ρ. ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϬϦϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ-ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϩϰϬϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, 2001. – 48 ϲ. – ϒ. 8–9. 856 Blumer H. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method [ϒϩϭϣϯϬϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϷϩϯϮϩϨϭ: ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ]. – Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. – x; 208 p. – P. 148. 857 ϠϮϸϴϫ σ.ρ. ωϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϾϫϬϦϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϴ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ: ϒϬϯϣϡϱϽ-ϲϰϱϡϣϯϸϮϩϫ. – ύϩϮϲϫ: ρϫϡϥϦϭϩЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϩϰϬϯϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ, 2001. – 48 ϲ. – ϒ. 9. 404 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.7. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϯϳϯϫϯϣϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «streaming data») – ϳϡϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ (ϩϬϩ ϩϨϣϬϦϫϡϿϳϲЀ) ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ϶ ϲ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϲ ϭϩϮϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϫϯϪ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϡ϶ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ858. ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ρ.ϒ. ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ, ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ, ϰЂϲϳϱϯϤϯ, ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϯ ϥϣϩϧϴϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϮϦϳ ϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ, ϸϦϭ «ϰϯϳϯϫ»859. ϓϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯϢ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϡ, ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ «ϬϯϤϩϫϯ-ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϼϭϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϡϭϩ, ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϴϿϺϩϭϩ 860 ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϴϿ ϳϫϡϮϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ» , Ϯϯ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϵϱϦϪϭϣϯϱϫϡϭ (ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϼϭ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭϡϭ) ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϮϡϢϩϱϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «streaming analytics») – Ͼϳϯ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ («ϫϯϮϣϦϪϦϱϮϼ϶») ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ (ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ϶ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ) ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϺϦ-ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ, ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϿϺϦϴϰϡϫϯϣϼϣϡϿϺϦϪ (ϰϡϫϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ, ϣϯϬϮϯϣϯϪ) ϩ ϫϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϼ϶ (ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦ Ϯϡ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϩ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϥϯϲϳϡϣϫϯϪ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϡϭ, ϡ Ϯϡ «ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϩ» ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϣ ϲϡϭϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϲ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϼ ϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϩϪ ϭϯϭϦϮϳ, ϣ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϨϡϣϩϲЀϳ ϯϳ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϣϹϦϪ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϡϣϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ. ϒϡϭϴϿ ϲϴϳϽ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϳϱϡϨϩϬϡ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ ϋϩϭϢϦϱϬϩ ώϦϣϡϬϡ: «ϋϯϤϥϡ ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϭϼ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϭ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ ϮϡϹϴ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϴϿ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϴ ϩ ϰϯϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ [ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϼ] ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϡ ϮϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϮϦϦ, ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϮϡϹϴ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ… ύϼ ϰϱϩϣϮϯϲϩϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϣ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭ “ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ”. ϐϯϳϯϫϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϳϯϫϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϭϡϬϯϪ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϫϯϪ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ 858 ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϲ ϢϦϲϲϦϱϣϦϱϮϯϪ (serverless) ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ // <https://aws.amazon.com/ru/blogs/rus/serverless-stream-based-processingreal-time-insights/>. – 15.06.2020. 859 ύϡϪϥϡϮϯϣ ρ.ϒ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ: ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ. – ύ.: ϑϦϰϱϯ, 1993. – 175 ϲ. – ϒ. 32. 860 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 191. § 6.7. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 405 ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϤϦϮϦϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϫ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϭϲЀ “ϣ ϰϯϳϯϫϦ” ϥϡϮϮϼϭ. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϲϯϢϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩϨ Ϯϩ϶ ϣϼϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ. σ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϼ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϣ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϩ϶ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϼ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϥϡЂϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϣϩϸϮϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϩϭϦϿϳ Ϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ (ϩ ϫϡϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ), ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϼ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϨϮϡϬϩ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϶ϱϡϮϩϳϽ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϩ ϣ ϳϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϡ. ϐϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥ ϯϳ “ϱϦϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ” [ϯϳ ϲϬϯϣϡ «ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ»] ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϫ “ϰϱϯϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ” ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩϮϩϷϩϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϫϴϰϫϡ, ϯϰϬϡϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϬϩϢϯ ϳϩϰ ϲϢϯЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϩ ϯϳϣϦϳ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϲ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϣϩϥϯϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ. ύϼ ϧϥЂϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϬϯϲϽ. ϐϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϮϡϯϢϯϱϯϳ, ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ, ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϸϦϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϼ. ϒϿϥϡ ϣ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϫϡϫ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ, ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϮϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϩ ϯϸϩϲϳϫϡ. Ϙϳϯ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮ Ϯϡ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϩ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϩ ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϯϣ… ώϯϣϡЀ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϡ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϩϨϢϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϣϦϪϦϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. σϭϦϲϳϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϩϮϡϸϦ ϰϯϥϴϭϡϳϽ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϫ ϰϯϳϯϫϴ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϲϡϭϯ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϡϣϳϯϮϯϭϮϯϭ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ»861. ϋϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ (ϧϦϱϳϣϴЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϽϿ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϭϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ» ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϴϰϱϯϲϳϩϳϽ, ϴϲϫϯϱϩϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϣϼϲϩϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϾϳϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϾϬϡϲϳϩϸϮϡЀ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ ϢϦϨ ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϱϩ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ϶862. 861 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Streaming Analytics: The Value is in the Action [ϐϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ] // <https://itcareersholland.nl/nl/streaming-analytics-the-value-is-inthe-action/>. – 22.10.2020. 862 ϒϡϭϲϯϮϯϣϡ ρ., ϙϩϹϴϬϩϮ υ. ϏϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ϣ ϰϯϳϯϫϦ ϮϡϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϯϢϯϱϯϳϼ // <https://www.comnews.ru/content/211388/2020-11-03/2020-w45/obrabotka-potokenabiraet-oboroty>. – 03.11.2020. 406 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϩϭϢϦϱϬϩ ώϦϣϡϬϡ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ 4 ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϸϱϦϨϣϼϸϡϪϮϯ ϮϩϨϫϡЀ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϫϡ: ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϱϦϡϫϷϩЀ ϲ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϮϩϨϫϯϪ ϨϡϥϦϱϧϫϯϪ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϳϫϡϨ ϭϡϹϩϮϼ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϡϳϡϲϳϱϯϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ, ϰϱϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩϩ ϭϯϹϦϮϮϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϫϩϢϦϱϡϳϡϫϡϭϩ; ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ: ϥϬЀ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϲ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫϮϯϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽϿ; ϫϯϤϥϡ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ: ϫϯϤϥϡ ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϷϦϬϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ, ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϣ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ, ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ Ϭϩ ϯϮϩ (ϦϲϬϩ ϮϦϳ, ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϳϲϦϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ); ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϰϦϱϣϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ: ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϢϼϲϳϱϼϦ ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϯϲϣϦϥϯϭϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ863. 863 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Streaming Analytics: The Value is in the Action [ϐϯϳϯϫϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ: ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϩ] // <https://itcareersholland.nl/nl/streaming-analytics-the-value-is-inthe-action/>. – 22.10.2020. § 6.8. ύϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ 407 § 6.8. ύϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ υϴϹϡ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϭϼϲϬϩϳ ϢϦϨ ϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ. ρϱϩϲϳϯϳϦϬϽ. Ϗ ϥϴϹϦ864. σ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ϶ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϫ ϫϯϭϰϱϦϲϲϩϩ (ϲϧϡϳϩϿ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ865. ϏϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮ Ϯϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϦϮ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϯϥϦϬϦϪ. ϒϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϭϩ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. σ ϯϮϳϯϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϿϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ – «ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϦ?» (ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ) ϩ «ϫϡϫ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϯ Ͼϳϯ ϨϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ?» (ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ)866. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ (ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϰϱϡϣϡ) ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ: 1) ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ, ϹϩϱϦ, ϲϵϦϱϼ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.); 2) ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ) ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϴϭϡ (ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϡ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϤϯ ϬϡϮϥϹϡϵϳϡ); 3) ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϫ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϵϯϱϭϡ; 4) ϮϡϴϸϮϯϦ ϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯ Ϣϼϳϩϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡ϶ ϢϼϳϩϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϡ; 5) ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ (ϥϩϲϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϬЀϺϩϦϲЀ) ϢϼϳϩϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ Ϯϯϱϭ (ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ), ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ, ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ, ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ Ͼϫϲϳϱϡϰϱϡϣϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϥϦϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ (ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϮϯϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ) ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡϭϩ867. 864 Aristotle. On the Soul. Parva Naturalia. On Breath [Ϗ ϥϴϹϦ…]: With an English translation by W.S. Hett. – Cambridge (MA, USA): Harvard University Press, 1935. – 273 p. – P. 177. 865 σϲϦϣϯϬϯϥϯϣϡ ύ.σ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϩϮϳϡϫϲϩϲϡ: ϕϱϡϤϭϦϮϳ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ (ϰϦϥϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ЀϨϼϫϡ. – ύ.: URSS, 2017. – 656 ϲ. – ϒ. 480. 866 όϦϣϦϮϸϴϫ ρ. ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϲ϶Ϧϭϡ / ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϡ ϩ ϲ϶ϦϭϮϯϦ / ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ // <https://ailev.livejournal.com/1159110.html>. – 11.01.2015. 867 ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ., όϡϰϳϦϣϡ [ϑϦϥϽϫϩϮϡ] ρ.ω. ϗϩϵϱϯϣϼϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϦ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϯ // ϐϦϱϭϲϫϩϪ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϬϽϭϡϮϡ϶ (ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϼϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϧϴϱϮϡϬ). – 2019. – σϼϰ. 2. – ϒ. 24–37. – ϒ. 29–30. 408 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϏϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ Ͽϱϩϥϩϫϯ-ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϭϩ, ϩ϶ ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϼϭϩ ϨϡϰϩϲЀϭϩ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ, ϩ϶ «ϲϣЂϱϳϫϡϭϩ». ϐϱϯϩϨϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϦ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ: 1) ϰϱϯϥϴϷϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ; 2) ϣ Ϯϩ϶ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ. ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϪ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϲϯϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ ϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϭ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡϭ (ϰϦϱϦϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϼϭ ϢϦϲϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϭϡϬϯϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ, «ϱϼ϶Ϭϼϭϩ» ϭϼϲϬЀϭϩ) ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϪ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϪ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩϪϲЀ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ «ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ» (ϫϡϫ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϯ ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩϿ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϪ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ) ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϭϴ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϴ, ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ «ϰϱϯϹϩϣϫϴ» (ϣ ϳ.ϸ. ϲ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϡ) ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡ ϣϮϦϹϮϩϭ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϭ ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϫϯ-ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϭ ϩ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϥϦϰϯϨϩϷϩϿ (ϯϳϲϦϣ) ϰϯϲϬϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϻЂϭϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϩϨϬϩϹϮϩ϶ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ, ϢϦϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ ϢϦϨ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϯϤϯ Ѐϥϱϡ. ϓϡϫϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϱϼ϶ϬϼϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ, ϮϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϿϺϩϪ «ϰϯϳϯϫ ϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ», ϣ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ, ϫϱϡϳϫϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ868. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ: ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϣ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϫ Ϯϩϭ ϲϮϡϢϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϲϩϮϳϦϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϩϭϩ, Ϯϯ Ђϭϫϩϭϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ – ϣϼϧϩϭϫϡϭϩ. σ ϩϥϦϡϬϦ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϬϦϫϲϩϫϯ-ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ (Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϰϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϿ). ϓϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ЀϲϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϩ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ. φϺЂ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ: ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϳϯϱϡϮϳϯϭ 3 ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϣϼϮϯϲϩϭϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϨϡϺϩϳϴ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ: 1) ϰϯϬϮϼϪ; 2) ϲϱϦϥϮϦ-ϲϧϡϳϼϪ (Ϯϡ 1 – 1,5 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϼ), ϢϦϨ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ; 3) ϲϧϡϳϼϪ (Ϯϡ 0,5 – 0,7 ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϼ), ϢϦϨ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϺϦϱϢϡ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ. 868 ςϦϨϱϴϸϫϯ ϐ. ςϦϨ ϣϯϥϼ: ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϸЂϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϬϩϷ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2016. – 188 ϲ. – ϒ. 184. § 6.8. ύϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ 409 φϺЂ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϯϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϴϿ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϡ (ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ) ϰϯ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϱϴϫϯϰϩϲϩ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϡ ϲ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϫ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϮϦϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϲ϶ϣϡϬϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϯϤϴϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϸϦϱϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ Ϯϡϱϯϸϩϳϯ-ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϮϡϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϸϴϧϥϼ϶ («ϵϬϿϲϯϣϼ϶») ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϮϦ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϡ ϮϩϸϦϭ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϫϡϫ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϩϨϭϯϭ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϡ, – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϡЀ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳϡ. ϑϦϷϦϮϨϦϮϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ (ϩ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮ) «ϥϯϫϡϰϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ» ϥϯ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϲϴϳϩ, ϥϬЀ ϸϦϤϯ ϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ. 410 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.9. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «scenario modeling method») – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ (ϰϱϯϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯ «ϰϱϯϩϤϱϡϳϽ» (ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϲϳϩ) ϾϫϲϰϦϫϳϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ (ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϼϪ) ϩϬϩ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ) ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ. υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϡϭϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϫϱϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩЀϭϩ869, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡϭϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣ ϭϩϱϡ. ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϪ» ϢϼϬ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϣϣϦϥЂϮ ϥϬЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ τϦϱϭϡϮϯϭ ϋϡϮϯϭ ϣ 1950-϶ Ϥϯϥϡ϶ ϣ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϷϩϩ Rand Corporation. ϒϷϦϮϡϱϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϨϬϯϧϦϮϩϦ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϩϱϴϿϺϦϦ ϣ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϦ ϣϩϥϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϦϤϯ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ. ϒϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϫϡϨϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ, ϡ ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϩϨϬϡϤϡϦϭϼϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ (ϫϡϫ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϵϯϱϭϡ ϵϩϫϷϩϩ) ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϲ϶ϯϧϩϦ ϲ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ, ϰϱϩϢϦϤϡЀ ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϬϦϤϸϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϨϮϡϫϯϭϼ϶ ϩϭ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ, ϯϲϳϡϣϡЀϲϽ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϯϳϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϨϡϺϩϺЂϮϮϼϭϩ. ϒϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϤϬϡϣϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϼϣϼ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭ ϩ ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϩ ϩ϶ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ870. ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϩϨ ϥϣϴ϶ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϦϣ, ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϴϿϺϩ϶ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϦ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ. ϐϱϩϸЂϭ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϯϳϢϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϦ, ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϦϡϬϩϲϳϩϸϮϼϦ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϭϡϬϯϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ. 869 Mandel T.F. Futures Scenarios and Their Uses in Corporate Strategy [ϒϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϩ ϩ϶ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣ ϫϯϱϰϯϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ] // The Strategic Management Handbook / Ed. by Kenneth K. Albert. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983. 870 Gueroui F. La conception et l’usage de la méthode des scénarios [ϋϯϮϷϦϰϷϩЀ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ] // Management & Avenir. – 2016/5. – ࠪ 87. – P. 15–34. – P. 16-17. Scenario Method [ϒϷϦϮϡϱϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ] // <http://www.foresightplatform.eu/community/forlearn/how-to-do-foresight/methods/scenario/>. § 6.9. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 411 ύϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϴ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϦ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ871 (Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϥϯϣϯϥЀ ϥϯ ϡϢϲϴϱϥϡ ϩϬϩ ϢϡϬϡϤϡϮϡ). ςϴϥϴϺϩϦ (ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϯ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϦ) ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪϮϼϦ ϱЀϥϼ ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ «ϰϱϯϱϩϲϯϣϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ» «ϫϱϴϰϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϨϫϡϭϩ» («Ϣϼϲϳϱϼϭ ϰϦϱϯϭ») ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ϶, ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϩ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ ϰϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ, ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϲϬϯЀϭ. υϡϬϦϦ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ (ϩϬϩ ϥϣϴ϶-ϳϱЂ϶), ϲ ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϥϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϩϦϭ, Ϯϯ ϲ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϦϭ (ϴϸЂϳϯϭ) ϳϡϫϧϦ ϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ ϮϦϨϡϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ (ϮϦϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ) ϰϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭϴ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϴ (ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϭ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡϭ) ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϳϦϸϦϮϩЀ, ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϩ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϡ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϪ872. Ϟϳϩ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϭϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϥϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϯϲϸϩϳϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀ϶. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϕϡϳϩϭϼ τϦϱϴϩ, «ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϡ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϦϣ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϴ Ϯϩ϶ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϣϲϦϲϳϯϱϯϮϮϦ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ (ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϽ). ώϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϣЀϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϦϤϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϽϿ, ϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϦϪ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩЀ. ω ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϮϩϭϫϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϩ ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϮ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϣϲϿ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, Ϯϩ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϮϦ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ ϰϯ-ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϭϴ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϧϩϨϮϦϮϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ. ϒϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ, ϸϳϯ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϩ ϥϡϿϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ Ͼϳϴ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ, ϩϨϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ»873. 871 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ. ϑϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2020. – 392 ϲ. – ϒ. 195, 202. 872 όϦϳϴϮϯϣϲϫϩϪ σ. ώϡϴϫϡ ϰϯϢϦϧϥϡϳϽ. ύϦϮϦϥϧϭϦϮϳ ϰϯ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱϨ, 2010. – 184 ϲ. – ϒ. 24. 873 Gueroui F. La conception et l’usage de la méthode ϲϷϦϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ] // Management & P. 15–34. – P. 20, 30. ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϡ. 4-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ϒϴϣϯϱϯϣϴ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ des scénarios [ϋϯϮϷϦϰϷϩЀ Avenir. – 2016/5. – ࠪ 87. – 412 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.10. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analyse SWOT» ϩϬϩ «matrice SWOT»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «SWOT analysis» ϩϬϩ «SWOT matrix», ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ «TOWS matrix» ϩ «WOTS-UP analysis») – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϱϤϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϼ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϡϫϳϯϱϡ (ϩϤϱϯϫϡ, ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϡ – ϵϩϨϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ ϩϬϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϸϦϱϦϨ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϦ ϲϯϯϳϮϦϲϦϮϩϦ ϥϣϴ϶ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϡϱ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϦϣ («ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ»): 1.1) ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ, ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϯϣ ϲϩϬϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «forces»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «strengths»), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ 1.2) ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϩ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϯϣ ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϦϣϼϤϯϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «faiblesses»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «weaknesses»), ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϥϥϡϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϿ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ, – ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϲϯϰϱЀϧϦϮϩЀ 2.1) ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶, ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ (ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ϶ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ) (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «opportunités»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «opportunities»), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ 2.2) ϴϤϱϯϨ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «menaces»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «threats»), ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϫϡϫ ϮϦϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ (ϩϬϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ), Ϯϯ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϴϸЂϳϴ. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ (ϫϡϫ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ) ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ, ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϣ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϣ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ874, Ϯϯ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϦ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϬ. υϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϴϸЂϳ ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϢϴϥϽ ϳϯ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϣ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϦ, ϡ ϮϡϴϸϦϮϩϦ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϭϦϳϯϥϴ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϡϧϮϦϪϹϩϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϨϱϦϬϯϪ ϥϯϫϳϱϩϮϼ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ875. υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϡϭϯ-ϡϴϥϩϳϡ. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ – ϭϡϳϱϩϸϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϰϯ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ (ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϡϭ). 874 ϒϭ. ϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ: ϓϴϱϤϡϮϢϡϦϣ ρ.Ϗ. ρϥϭϩϮϩϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ϰϱϡϣϯϣϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. σ.ϋ. ςϯϳϮϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ςϴϫϩ σϦϥϩ, 2019. – 204 ϲ. – ϒ. 13–15 ϩ ϥϱ. 875 Kent S. Strategic intelligence for American world policy [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϥϬЀ ϭϩϱϯϣϯϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϙρ]. – Hamden (Connecticut, USA): Princeton University Press; Archon Books, 1949 (1965). – xxvii; 226 p. – P. ix. § 6.10. ύϦϳϯϥ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ 413 ωϮϯϤϥϡ – ϰϯϲϬϯϪϮϯ (ϰϴϳЂϭ «ϯϳϲϬϡϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯЂϣ»)876. ϏϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϳϱϩϷϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϾϮϳϱϯϰϩϪϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϰϯϬϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϴϳϯϸϮϩϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ. σ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ, ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϿϺϦϭ ϴϸЂϳ ϳϦ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϥϮϯϨϮϡϸϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ (ϸϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϯϩϮϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ), ϰϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ Ϗ.ϒ. ύϡϪϲϡϫϡ, ϣϼϥϦϬЀϿϳ 3 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ Ͼϳϡϰϡ: 1) ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϦϱϦϸϮЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϿϿ ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϿϿ ϲϱϦϥϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ; 2) ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϩ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ: ϡ) ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡϭ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡ (ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϡЀ ϹϫϡϬϡ); Ϣ) ϰϯϰϡϱϮϯϦ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ (ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϪ; ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϣϡЀ (ϱϡϮϤϯϣϡЀ) ϹϫϡϬϡ); 3) ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϦϱϦϲϦϸϦϮϩϪ ϰϡϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ SWOT877. ϖϡϪϮϷ σϡϪϱϩ϶878 ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϬ ϩϲϫϡϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩϪ ϰϡϱ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϰϯϥϱϡϨϴϭϦϣϡЀ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩЀ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϪ ϩ ϣϮϦϹϮϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϼ: 1) «ϲϩϬϼ» – «ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ» (SO) ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ Ϥϱϴϰϰϴ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϪ Maxi-Maxi (ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ); 2) «ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϩ» – «ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ» (WO), Mini-Maxi (ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϮϩϣϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ); 3) «ϲϩϬϼ» – «ϴϤϱϯϨϼ» (ST), Maxi-Mini (ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϥϬЀ ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ (WT), Mini-Mini ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ ϴϤϱϯϨ); 4) «ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϩ» – «ϴϤϱϯϨϼ» (ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϩ ϴϤϱϯϨ; ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϳϦϱϽ)879. 876 History of SWOT Analysis [ωϲϳϯϱϩЀ SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ] // <http://www.cymeon.com/swot-history>. 877 ύϡϪϲϡϫ Ϗ.ϒ. SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϯϢϻϦϫϳ, ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ // ϐϱϩϫϡϲϰϩϪϲϫϩϪ ϧϴϱϮϡϬ: ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ. – 2013. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 151–157. – ϒ. 152–153. 878 Weihrich H. The TOWS matrix – A tool for situational analysis [ύϡϳϱϩϷϡ TOWS – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϥϬЀ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ] // Long Range Planning. – 1982. – Vol. 15. – ࠪ 2. – P. 54–66. 879 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ύϡϪϲϡϫ Ϗ.ϒ. SWOT-ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϯϢϻϦϫϳ, ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ. ϐϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ // ϐϱϩϫϡϲϰϩϪϲϫϩϪ ϧϴϱϮϡϬ: ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϩϦ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ. – 2013. – ࠪ 1. – ϒ. 151–157. – ϒ. 153. 414 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ υϦϲЀϳϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ... φϲϬϩ ϰϱϩ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϦϣЀϳϽ ϩϨ Ϯϡϲ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϫ ϯϥϮϯϭϴ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϦϮϩϿ, ϳϯ ϥϯϬϤ ϥϦϲЀϳϯϤϯ – ϮϦ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϡϳϽ ϲ Ϯϩϭϩ. υϯϰϴϲϳϩϣ ϲϡϭϼϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϯϣϯϱϯϳϼ, ϯϮ ϫϯϰϡϦϳ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϸϳϯ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϰϱϯϲϳϯϣϯϬϯϲϩϬϩϲϽ. όϴϥϩ ςϯϦϫϦϮ ϣ ϱϯϬϩ ϟϱϤϦϮϡ σϡϱϭϢϱϴϮϮϡ ϣ ϵϩϬϽϭϦ «σϯϪϮϡ ϭϩϱϯϣ Z» 880. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϱϯϬϩ ϩ ϯϢЀϨϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϸϬϦϮϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϣϦϲϯϭϯ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϩϳϽ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ «ϸЂϱϮϯϤϯ» ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϤϯ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ, Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϮϦϲϯϤϬϡϲϩЀ ϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϦϪ, ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϪ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϣϲϦϭ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϯϭ (ϩϬϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ ϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϱϦϨϫϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϯϳ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϫϡϫϩϭϩ Ϣϼ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ Ϯϩ ϫϡϨϡϬϩϲϽ (ϰϯϮЀϳϮϯ, ϮϦ ϥϯϣϯϥЀ ϥϦϬϯ ϥϯ ЀϣϮϯϤϯ ϡϢϲϴϱϥϡ ϩ ϯϳϫϱϯϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϢϡϬϡϤϡϮϡ). ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϴϧϦ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϴϥϽϩ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼ϶ ϲϴϥϦϢϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϡϮϷϩϪ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϥϡ ϣ τϡϡϤϦ, φϣϱϯϰϦϪϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϥϡ ϰϯ ϰϱϡϣϡϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ ϩ σϦϱ϶ϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϥϡ ϒϙρ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳ ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϡ (ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϩϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϸϦϭ ϩϨϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϨϥϦϲϽ, – ϢϦϨ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ). σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «opinion dissidente»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «dissenting opinion») ϮϦϲϯϤϬϡϲϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϼϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϬϩϷϯ ϲ ϯϲϯϢϼϭ ϭϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϮϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϲ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϦϪ (ϯϢϺϩϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ, ϩϬϩ ϧϦ ϲϦϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϮϦϲϯϤϬϡϲϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϰϯ ϬϿϢϯϭϴ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴ ϩ ϬϿϢϼϭ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ (Ϯϯ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ): ϩϮϯϦ ϳϯϬϫϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϥϦϬϡ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϩϲϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ (ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼ϶) ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϫϡϫ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϰϯϥϲϸЂϳϡ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϱϩϲϫϯϣ ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ώϯ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϲϯϢϯϦ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϩ ЀϲϮϯ ϲϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϯ ϩ ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ Ђϭϫϯ ϩ ϣϦϲϯϭϯ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϯ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ˃Ϫ ϬϡϤ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϯϨϣϯϬϦϮϮϼϪ / ϯϳϰϴϺϦϮϮϼϪ «ϸЂϱϮϯϭϴ» ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϦϭϴ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϴ. 880 ϕϩϬϽϭ «σϯϪϮϡ ϭϩϱϯϣ Z» ϫϩϮϯϫϯϭϰϡϮϩϩ «Paramount Pictures» ϩ ϥϱ., 2013 Ϥϯϥϡ. υϴϢϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥ, ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ 00:54:11 – 00:54:29. § 6.11. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϯϤϯ ϭϮϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ 415 ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ρϬϬϦϮ υϡϬϬϦϲ, ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϷϦϮϯϫ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ ϨϡϭϼϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ, ϦϤϯ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϩ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϪ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϲϱϦϥϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ-ϯϷϦϮϺϩϫϯϣ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϥϣϴ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϤϱϡϳϽ ϱϯϬϽ ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϡ ϥϽЀϣϯϬϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϥϣϩϮϴϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ, ϰϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϽ ϮϦϯϢϼϸϮϼϪ, ϥϱϡϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϩϬϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϲ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ, ϥϡϧϦ ϮϦϱϡϨϴϭϮϼϪ ϩ ϮϦϣϼϤϯϥϮϼϪ ϫϴϱϲ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ881. ϕϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϡЀ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ (ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϯЀϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ, ϣϼϱϡϧϡϳϽϲЀ, ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ) ϣ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ϶ (ϩϬϩ ϣ ϩ϶ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ϶, ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϭ): 1) ϰϯϩϲϫ ϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϦϣ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ – ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϭϦϮϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼ϶, ϭϦϮϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ (ϸϦϭ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ) ϥϬЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼ϶ «ϣϼϲϳϱϦϬϩϳϽ» ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ; 2) ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϷϦϬϦϪ, ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϦϣ, ϰϱϯϸϩ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϮϦϥϯϸЂϳϯϣ ϣ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ / ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϱϴϰϰϯϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϦϤϯ ϸϡϲϳϩ, ϲ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϭ ϯϳ ϮϦϤϯ; 3) ϴϲϩϬϦϮϩϦ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ / ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϱϴϰϰϯϪ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϩ ϲ ϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϬϩϨϡϷϩϦϪ, ϴϲϩϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϩϦϭ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ. ϏϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ (ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ) ϩ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϡ (ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϬϩϷϡ, ϰϱϩϤϯϳϯϣϩϣϹϦϤϯ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϩϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳ) ϲ «ϸЂϱϮϼϭ ϱϴϸϮϼϭ ϬϡϳϦϮϳϮϼϭ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϭ». ϋϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϲ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϯϭ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϮϦϯϵϩϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϦ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϯ ϬϩϷϦ, ϮϦ ϣϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϣ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϯ ϾϳϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ «ϸЂϱϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϬϡϳϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ» (ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ Ϩϡϫϱϼϳϯ – ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϯϭ) ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϧЂϲϳϫϯ, ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϥϩϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϯ ϣϲϦϭ ϮϦϥϯϸЂϳϡϭ ϣ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϰϯ ϣϲϦϭ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϭ ϩ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀϭ ϮϦϥϯϸЂϳϯϣ, ϱϡϲϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϯϹϩϢϯϫ, ϯϰϦϸϡϳϯϫ, ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϳϱϡϮϲϫϱϩϢϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϩϭЂϮ ϩ ϵϡϭϩϬϩϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϯϣ, ϫϯϤϯ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳ ϷϩϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϩ Ϯϡ ϫϯϤϯ ϲϲϼϬϡϦϳϲЀ, ϲϢϯϦϣ ϣ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϲϳϩϬϩϲϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ., ϳϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ – ϣϯϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϣϯϬϽϮϼ϶ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϨϡϩϭϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϪ. ϓϡϫϯϪ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳ 881 Dulles A. The Craft of Intelligence [ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ]. – New York: New American Library, 1965. – x; 256 p. – P. 156. 416 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϦ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ Ϩϡ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϡ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ (ϩϮϯϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϥϡϫϳϯϱϡ-ϥϯϮϯϱϡ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϡ ϩ ϮϦ ϣϼϤϬЀϥϩϳ, ϲϫϡϧϦϭ ϳϡϫ, ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭ). υϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϰϱϩϥϩϱϫϩ «ϸЂϱϮϯϤϯ ϱϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϬϡϳϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ» ϫϡϫ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϣ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϦ ϴϸЂϳϴ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ (϶ϯϳЀ Ϣϼ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϴϧϦ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϦ ϧϦ ϨϡϭϦϸϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϲϳϴϰϩϳϽ ϯϳ ϩϮϼ϶ ϬϩϷ ϰϯϨϥϮϦϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ), ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϡϭϼϦ «ϥϦϭϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϮϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϼϦ» ϰϱϩϥϩϱϫϩ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϰϯϮϦϮϳϡ ϰϯϥϬϦϧϡϳ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϿ ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϮϳϯϭ ϫϡϫ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϩϮϼ: ϯϮ ϲϡϭ ϮϦ ϲϴϭϦϬ ϮϡϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϸϩϲϳϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϡϧϦ ϥϦϭϡϤϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩ ϤϯϬϯϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϰϱϩϥϱϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϯϭϴ-ϬϩϢϯ. υϱϴϤϩϭ ϸϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ (ϩ ϭϯϥϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ) ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϡϥϣϯϫϡϳϡ ϥϽЀϣϯϬϡ», ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϦ ϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ (ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϿ, ϣϯϲϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϦ) ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϩϳϦϬϦϪ) ϥϬЀ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ (ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ) ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϩϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϯϰϱϯϫϩϮϴϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ, ϣ ϲϣϯϿ ϯϸϦϱϦϥϽ, «ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯЀϥϩЀ». § 6.12. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ 417 § 6.12. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϤϯ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϫϯϮϷϡ – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϩϭϦϿϺϩϪ ϲϣϯϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϡ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮ ϐϬϾϳϳ, «ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϧϩϣϡЀ ϩϤϱϡ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϯ ϮϡϸϡϬϯϲϽ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϲϩϬϡ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϭϯϧϮϯ Ϭϩ ϱϦϹϩϳϽ ϲϳϯЀϺϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ… Ϙϡϲϳϯ ϢϼϣϡϦϳ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϨϡϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϮϩϭϩ Ͼϳϡϰϡϭϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϦЂ ϮϡϸϡϬϦ, ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϰϯϫϯϱϩϳϦϬϩ ϞϣϦϱϦϲϳϡ ϰϱϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϦ ϫ ϣϯϲ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϿ Ϯϡ ϦϤϯ ϣϦϱϹϩϮϴ ϩϨϴϸϡϬϩ ϦЂ Ϯϡ ϱϡϲϲϳϯЀϮϩϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϦϬϦϲϫϯϰϡ»882. ϏϢ Ͼϳϯϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϦ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϩ υϧϯϱϥϧ ϐϯϪϡ883. 882 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 158–159. 883 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ύϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ: ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ: ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϦ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ.ϒ. ςϦϱϭϡϮϡ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ύ. ϠϤϬϯϭϡ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1976. – 452 ϲ. – ϒ. 215. ϐϯϪϡ υ. ϋϡϫ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ύ. τϡϪϥϴϫϡ. – ύ.: ϔϸϰϦϥϤϩϨ, 1959. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 100. 418 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.13. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϡ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶ ϲϱϡϣϮϦϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ϒϴϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϦϱϦϮϯϲϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ, ϫϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϬ τ.ϒ. ρϬϽϳϹϴϬϬϦϱ, ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϯϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϯϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩϨ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϯϳϱϡϲϬϦϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϳϦ϶Ϯϩϫϩ (ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ), ϣ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϭϦϧϮϼ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϴϧϦ ϯϳϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ, ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϱϦϫϯϭϦϮϥϯϣϡϣϹϩ϶ ϲϦϢЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, «ϰϱϩ ϢϦϲϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϯϭ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϪ. ϐϯ ϭϦϮϽϹϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϥϣϦ ϳϱϦϳϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϳϩϰϯϣϼϭϩ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩЀϭϩ. ρ ϥϬЀ ϳϩϰϯϣϼ϶ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϩϪ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϩ ϯϢϺϩϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ, ϳϩϰϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϩЂϭϼ ϩ϶ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ»884. 884 ρϬϽϳϹϴϬϬϦϱ τ.ϒ. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ. – σϯϱϯϮϦϧ: ϗϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯ-ϸϦϱϮϯϨϦϭϮϯϦ ϫϮϩϧϮϯϦ ϩϨϥ-ϣϯ, 1964. – 240 ϲ. – ϒ. 105. § 6.14. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ 419 § 6.14. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϑϡϲϲϦϬϯϭ ρϫϯϵϵϯϭ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩЂϭ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶. φϤϯ ϲϴϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϣϡ: ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϮϡϭϦϱϦϮϮϯ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ (ϣϩϥϯϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ) ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϳϱϴϥϮϦϦ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϳϱϴϥϮϦϦ; ϦϲϬϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϳϯ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ «ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϬϡϲϽ»885. ϓϦϭ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϳϯ, ϲϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ͊.͏. ρϭϯϲϯϣϴ, ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ «ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϥϬЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϳϡ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϡ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϷϦϮϯϪ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ»886. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϢϡϨϯϣϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ (ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϴϸЂϳϴ ϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϳϢϱϯϹϦϮϮϼ϶ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϯϣ, ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ, ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ), Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ (ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ Ϯϯϣϼϭϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ, ϥϯϢϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϦЂ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ) ϩ ϳ.ϥ. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϳ ϯϳ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϲ ϢϬϩϨϫϩϭϩ ϫ ϩϥϦϡϬϽϮϼϭ (ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϩ϶ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀϭϩ – ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ (ϱϡϢϯϸϩ϶) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩЀ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶. 885 ρϫϯϵϵ ϑ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.τ. ϋϯϣϡϬϦϮϫϯ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. φ.ϋ. ύϡϲϬϯϣϲϫϯϤϯ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1982. – 224 ϲ. – ϒ. 105. 886 ρϭϯϲϯϣ ͊.͏. ύϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ. – ϋϩϦϣ: ώϡϴϫϯϣϡ ϥϴϭϫϡ, 1968. – 88 ϲ. – ϒ. 62. 420 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ ϗϦϬϼϪ ϱЀϥ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϮϦ ϫϡϫ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϫϱϴϧϡϿϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϦЂ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϫϡϫ ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ. ϓϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ) ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϴϧϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ, ϩ Ϩϡ Ϯϩϭϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϮϡ, ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϡ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϲϮϡϺϦϮϩϦϭ. ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣ, «ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯϪ, ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ. ϠϣϬЀЀϲϽ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϿ ϫ ϳϦϫϲϳϴ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϡϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϦ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϯϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϡϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯ ϥϯϮϦϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϥϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬϦϪ. ϏϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϴϸЂϮϼϪ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽ… ϲϳϡϬϫϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϲ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳЀϭϩ ϥϣϯЀϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ. σϯ-ϰϦϱϣϼ϶, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϩ ϳϩϰ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϬϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϡ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ. σϯ-ϣϳϯϱϼ϶, ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϲ϶Ϧϭϴ Ϯϡϥϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ – ϰϱϩϥϡϳϽ ϦϪ ЀϱϫϴϿ, ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϴϿ ϥϩϨϡϪϮϦϱϲϫϴϿ ϵϯϱϭϴ. φϲϬϩ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ Ϯϡ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, Ϯϡ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϦϤϯ ϲϴϺϮϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ – Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϿ, ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϡϷϩϿ, ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϣϮϦϹϮϩϪ ϰϯϫϡϨ. σϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ – ϰϯ-ϲϣϯϦϭϴ “ϫϯϣϡϱϮϡЀ” ϲϳϡϥϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ώϡ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϢϦϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϩϨϻЀϮϼ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϰϱϯϢϦϬϼ ϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ, ϲϬϡϢϯϲϳϽ ϵϡϫϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϢϡϨϼ ϩ ϳ.ϰ. σ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣϲϦ Ͼϳϩ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ “ϣϼϰϬϼϣϡϿϳ Ϯϡϱϴϧϴ”, ϲϳϡϮϯϣЀϳϲЀ ϣϩϥϩϭϼϭϩ. σϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ – ϭϯϺϮϯϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϧϩϨϮϽ, ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϦЂ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϸϴϣϲϳϣϯ ϭϦϱϼ. ϖϯϱϯϹϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϧϩϣϡЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϡЀ ϱϦϸϽ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϦϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬϦϪ, ϴϬϴϸϹϡϦϳ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϨϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϦ. ϓϡ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϡЀ ϱϦϸϽ, Ϯϯ ϲ ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϫϯϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϼϸϴϱϮϡЀ, ϷϣϦϳϩϲϳϡЀ – ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϰϱЀϭϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϿ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϤϮϴϳϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ, ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϯϰϳϩϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϫϲϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ»887. 421 ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ, ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϑϩϲ. 6-2. ϐϱϩϭϦϱϼ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϣ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϦ)888. 887 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. τϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ // ϟϱϩϲϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϫϡ (Legal Linguistics). – 2020. – ࠪ 17. – ϒ. 12–15. – ϒ. 14. 888 ϗϩϳϡϳϼ ϵϱϡϤϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ – ϩϨ ϾϰϩϨϯϥϯϣ ϲϦϱϩϡϬϡ «ϖϯϱϯϹϩϪ ϥϯϫϳϯϱ»: The Good Doctor 1x12 Shaun Shows His Special Skill Again | The Good Doctor Best Scenes // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FX7p0TqNEKk>. – 00:25. «The Good Doctor» could be «something more important than a TV show» // <https://abc7chicago.com /good-doctor-abc-autism-savant-syndrome/2429448/>. – 00:00:43. 422 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϴ, ϰϱϩ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ «ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϳ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϳϽ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϯϢϼϸϮϼϦ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ (Ͼϳϯ ϣϱϯϧϥЂϮϮϯϦ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϯϨϤϡ). ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϾϳϡϰϦ… ϗϦϬϽ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϷϩϿ, ϣϦϥϴϺϴϿ ϫ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭ»889. ϐϯ ϏϵϦϱϴ ύϦϮϥϦϬϦϣϩϳϸϴ, «ϫϯϤϥϡ ϣϡϭ ϴϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϴϥϡϸϮϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ ϭϼϲϬϽ, ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϦЂ ϴ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ, ϩ ϥϩϡϬϯϤ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϦϳϲЀ. σϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϮϴϿ ϱϦϡϫϷϩϿ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϯϣϼϹϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ. Ϟϳϯ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϦϦ, ϸϦϭ ϱϡϨϤϯϣϯϱ ϰϯ ϳϦϬϦϵϯϮϴ ϩϬϩ ϰϩϲϽϭϯ ϰϯ ϾϬϦϫϳϱϯϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϸϳϦ. σϼ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϧϦ ϥϯϮϯϲϩϳϦ ϲϣϯϿ ϩϥϦϿ ϥϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ»890. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϴ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ», ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥЂϮϮϼϪ υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϯϪ ϑϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203891, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ (ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϦЂ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϥϩϲϰϬϦϦϣ. σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ (ϩϬϩ «ϥϾϹϢϯϱϥ», ϯϳ ϡϮϤϬ. «dashboard» – ϰϱϩϢϯϱϮϡЀ ϰϡϮϦϬϽ). ϖϯϳЀ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ – Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϯϱϴϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϯϣϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϸϩϲϳϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ (ϣ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ, ϣ ϡϢϲϯϬϿϳϮϼ϶ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡ϶), Ϯϯ ϩ ϣ ϴϧϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ, ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϦϤϯ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϡ – ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϩ ϸϦϱϦϨ Ͼϳϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. 889 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 124, 179. 890 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 157. 891 IC Analytic Standards / Intelligence Community Directive ࠪ 203, 02.01.2015 [ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ / υϩϱϦϫϳϩϣϡ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳ 02.01.2015 ࠪ 203] // <https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf>. § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ 423 ώϯ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ ϮϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϭ ϫ ϩϮϵϯϤϱϡϵϩϫϦ, ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ (ϰϱϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ) – ϮϦϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϭϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϵϯϱϭϡϳ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. Ϟϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϸϦϱϳЂϧ ϣ ϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϦϳϱϩϩ ϲ ϮϡϲϰϦ϶ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼϭ ϮϡϢϱϯϲϫϯϭ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ. ω ϩϮϵϯϤϱϡϵϩϫϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϬϩϹϽ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϡϣϳϯϱϲϫϯϪ ϥϦϵϩϮϩϷϩϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϩ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϽϮϯ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϪ ϣ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϵϱϦϪϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϫϯϭϰϡϫϳϮϯϭ ϰϯϬϦ (ϥϩϲϰϬϦϦ), ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϾϱϤϯϮϯϭϩϸϮϯ-ϲϯϣϭϦϺЂϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϯϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϲϣϯϥϡϭϩ (ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ) ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϯϳ Ϯϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ – «ϭϦϳϱϩϫϡϭϩ», «ϣϩϨϴϡϬϫϡϭϩ» (ϳϡϢϬϩϷϼ, Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϩ, ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ, ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϢϦϤϴϺϩϦ ϲϳϱϯϫϩ, ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ-ϣϡϱϽϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϫϯϬϯϮϫϩ Ϸϩϵϱ), ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡЀ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϥϮϯϭϯϭϦϮϳϮϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϼϪ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩϪ, ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϯ϶ϣϡϳ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϣ ϩ϶ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ) ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϯϭ-ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϮϳϯϭ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ, ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, – ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϳϽ ϣϱϦϭЀ Ϯϡ ϲϣϦϥЂϮϮϯϪ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. σϲЀ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϯϣ – ϮϦ ϯϥϮϯϱϯϥϮϡ, ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϥϩϲϰϬϦϩ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ – ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀ ϩϨ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸ. ύϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϣϩϱϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ, ϣϼϣϯϥϩϭϼϦ (ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϼϦ) Ϯϡ ϾϫϱϡϮ ϥϩϲϰϬϦЀ ϲϳϡϷϩϯϮϡϱϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϡ, ϮϯϴϳϢϴϫϡ, ϰϬϡϮϹϦϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϲϭϡϱϳϵϯϮϡ, ϬϩϢϯ ϰϱϯϦϷϩϱϴϦϭϼϦ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ, ϩϬϩ ϧϦ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩ. σϯϨϭϯϧϦϮ ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϼϪ (ϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϪ) ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ. ώϡ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϣϯϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ – ϫϣϡϨϩϲϳϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ (ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϰϦϱϩϯϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ – ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, 2 ϱϡϨϡ ϣ ϲϴϳϫϩ) ϩϬϩ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ (ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϮϯϣϬЀϦϭϼϦ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩϬϩ ϲ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϩϭ ϮϦϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϨϡϰϡϨϥϼϣϡϮϩϦϭ). υϩϨϡϪϮ ϳϯϰϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϩ) ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϢϬϯϫϯϣ ϳϯϧϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϡ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϡ-ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϮϳϡ. ύϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϼ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϣЂϱϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϣϼϤϱϴϨϫϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϨϭϦϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ. 424 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ σ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϨϡϱϦϨϦϱϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ, ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϼ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϼ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϱϤϡϮϼ ϴϥϡϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭϩ. υϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϴϿ ϭϯϥϦϬϽ-ϥϣϯϪϮϩϫ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϬϩ ϵϩϮϡϮϲϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϽ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϳϽ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϴ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩϪ, ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ, ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϣϬϩЀϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ Ͼϳϡϰϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. υϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϭϡϱϫϦϳϩϮϤϦ, ϣ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϦ, ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϭ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ, ϣ ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ, ϣ ϭϴϨϦϪϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϋϡϱϬϴ ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮϴ, ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϩϳϽ Ϯϡ 3 ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϩ: – ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ; – ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ892. υϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ-ϷϦϬϦϣϯϭϴ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ (ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ): 1) ϰϡϲϲϩϣϮϼϦ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ: – ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ ϲ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϬ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϣϯϥϮϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϲϩϮϳϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϦϱϦϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϪ ϯϳϸЂϳϮϯϲϳϩ); – ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ (ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ «ϥϣϩϧϫϩ»); 2) ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϼ: – ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭϩ (ϣϯϪϲϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϦϪ, ϷϩϫϬϯϭ ϶ϩϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϷϩϫϬϯϭ ϳϱϡϮϲϰϯϱϳϮϯ-ϰϯϤϱϴϨϯϸϮϼ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϫϡϱϽϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϢϼϣϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.) ϩ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ Ϯϡϥ Ͼϳϩϭ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ; – ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϿϺϦϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϱϲϫϯ-ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϒϳϩϣϦϮ ϕϽϿ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϴ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ϶, ϣϼϥϦϬЀЀ 8 ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ: «ϖϯϱϯϹϡЀ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϮϩϭϡϦϳ ϮϡϤϱϴϨϫϴ ϲ ϭϯϨϤϡ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϳ ϦЂ Ϯϡ ϤϬϡϨϡ… ϔϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ – ϳϯϸϮϯ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ, ϫϡϫ ϶ϴϥϯϧϮϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϲϴϳϽ ϾϭϯϷϩϩ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩϭϩ ϲϳϱϯϫϡϭϩ, ϶ϯϱϯϹϡЀ 892 ρϮϥϦϱϲϯϮ ϋ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϡ. Ϗϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϟ. ϋϯϮϲϳϡϮϳϩϮϯϣϯϪ; Ϯϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϑ. ϒϡϬϡ϶ϩϦϣ. – ύ.: ύϡϮϮ, ωϣϡϮϯϣ ϩ ϕϦϱϢϦϱ, 2017. – 336 ϲ. – ϒ. 179. § 6.15. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϡ 425 ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϳ ϲϴϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϢϦϨ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩЀ… ϒϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ – Ϯϡϭ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϡϹϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ Ϣϯϫ ϯ Ϣϯϫ. ύϼ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϴϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϪ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϦϱϦϬϯϧϩϳϽ ϢϱϦϭЀ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹϩ ϤϬϡϨϡ. ϐϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϡϳϽ Ϯϡϭ ϥϯϲϳϴϰ ϫ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ. ώϡϹ ϭϯϨϤ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϰϯϯϺϱЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϢϱϡϺϡϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϩϦϲЀ ϫ ϥϦϬϴ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ – ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϳϽ Ϯϡϭ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ. ώϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϳϣϦϳϩϳϽ Ϯϡ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϪ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϣϦϺϦϪ… ϐϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ-ϱϡϨϮϯϭϴ – ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϩ ϳϦ϶ ϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϿϳ ϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϩ ϩ ϳϦ ϧϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϲ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϯϥϮϯ ϩ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩ ϣϩϥϦϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϿϳϲЀ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ. ϏϨϡϥϡϸϩϣϡϮϩϦ ϲϦϢЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϭ: “ϐϯϸϦϭϴ?” – Ϯϡϭ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϨϮϡϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ “ϸϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ”, Ϯϯ ϩ “ϰϯϸϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ”. σϯϳ ϯϳϫϴϥϡ ϢϦϱϴϳϲЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ. ςϼϳϽ ϲϫϦϰϳϩϸϮϼϭ – ϭϼ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϱϦϥϫϯ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϭ ϲϯϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϯϳϣϦϳϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϩϨ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϴϲϬϯϧϮϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ύϼ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭ ϲϡϭϼϪ ϧϦ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϡЀ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ. ςϯϬϦϦ ϭϯϺϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϳϡϫϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥ, ϥϡϿϳ ϣϡϭ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϳϡϫ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ, ϫϡϫ ϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϯ Ϯϩ϶ ϰϯϥϴϭϡϳϽ. ϏϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϲϦϢϦ – ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϯϳϣϦϸϡЀ Ϯϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϲϡϭϯϭϴ ϲϦϢϦ, ϣϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϴϿ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ. σϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϥϦϬϩϳϽϲЀ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϣϦϥЂϳ ϫ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϯЀϲϮϦϮϩϿ. «όϴϸϹϦϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ, ϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϣϼ ϨϡϢϼϣϡϦϳϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϦ ϣϡϹϦϤϯ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϭϯϧϦϳϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ, ϮϦ ϨϡϥϴϭϼϣϡЀϲϽ ϯ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϫϦ»893. ςϴϥϴϺϦϦ ϥϡϹϢϯϱϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϯ ϲ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϪ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϷϩϦϪ ϭϡϹϩϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϬϡϳϵϯϱϭ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ ϣ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯ-ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. 893 Stephen Few on Data Visualization: 8 Core Principles [ϒϳϩϣϦϮ ϕϽϿ ϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶: 8 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϯϣ] // <https://www.tableau.com/blog/stephen-few-datavisualization>. 426 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» ύϦϳϯϥ «ϵϩϹϢϯϴϮ» («ϱϼϢϩϪ ϲϫϦϬϦϳ»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «fishbone»; ЀϰϯϮϲϫ. ϨϣϴϸϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϬϡϳϩϮϩϷϦ – «sakana no hone»; ϭϦϳϯϥ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ ϩϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ Ϥϱϡϵϯϣ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ; ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ – «ϭϦϳϯϥ ЂϬϯϸϫϩ») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϭϼϪ ϫϡϫ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϼϪ, ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϿ ϩϬϩ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϡ ϮϦ ϲϩϭϰϳϯϭϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϤϬϴϢϧϦ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϴ ϩ ϦЂ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ. υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϦϮ ϰϯ ϩϭϦϮϩ ϋϡϯϱϴ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ ϳϱϡϮϲϫϱϩϢϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ωϹϩϫϡϣϡ; ϮϡϰϩϲϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϬϡϳϩϮϩϷϦ – Kaoru Ishikawa) – ЀϰϯϮϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϸЂϮϯϤϯ, ϲϯϨϥϡϣϹϦϤϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϫϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϣ 1943 Ϥϯϥϴ894. σϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϮϦϮϩϦ, ϸϳϯ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ, ϬϦϧϡϺϩϪ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ, ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϢϼϬ ϱϦϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϯϣϡϮ ϣ 1920-϶ Ϥϯϥϡ϶, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϲϦϭϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ895. όϦϧϡϺϡЀ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϣ 1952 Ϥϯϥϴ ϢϼϬϡ ϣϮϦϥϱϦϮϡ ϋϡϯϱϴ ωϲϩϫϡϣϯϪ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ Ϯϡ ϭϦϳϡϬϬϴϱϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϨϡϣϯϥϦ «ϋϡϣϡϲϡϫϩ» ϥϬЀ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ. ϑϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϯϫϡϨϡϬϩϲϽ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϢϮϡϥЂϧϩϣϡϿϺϩϭϩ, ϩ ϲ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϲϳϡϬϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ϶ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶ ϭϩϱϡ. σ «ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ»896 1962 Ϥϯϥϡ υϧ.ύ. υϧϴϱϡϮ ϮϡϨϣϡϬ ϬϦϧϡϺϴϿ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ «ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϯϪ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ», ϩ ϲ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ ϯϮϡ ϲϳϡϬϡ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϡ ϰϯϥ Ͼϳϩϭ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩϦϭ. ςϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϯϮϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϮϡϩϭϦϮϯϣϡϮϩϦ «ϱϼϢϩϪ ϲϫϦϬϦϳ»897. 894 Mochal T. Use a Fishbone Diagram to help attack complex problems [ωϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ «ϱϼϢϽЀ ϫϯϲϳϽ» ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ] // <https://archive.is/20120701153019/http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_116092236.html?tag=nl.e053#selection-947.0-1197.26>. – 14.07.2006. 895 Tague N.R. The Quality Toolbox [ώϡϢϯϱ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ]. Second Edition. – Milwaukee (Wisconsin, USA): American Society for Quality, Quality Press, 2005. – xi; 583 p. – P. 13. Firican G. How to use the fishbone diagram to determine data quality root causes [ϋϡϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ «ϱϼϢϩϪ ϲϫϦϬϦϳ» ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // <https://www.lightsondata.com/how-to-fishbonediagram-data-quality-root-causes/>. – 05.12.2018. 896 Quality Control Handbook [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ] / Ed. by J.M. Juran, Leonard A. Seder, Frank M. Gryna. Second edition. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962. – 1223 p. – P. 357–358 (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϼ: 11-12 – 11-13). 897 ωϲϩϫϡϣϡ ϋ. ϠϰϯϮϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ: ϒϯϫϱ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ώϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ρ.σ. τϬϩϸϦϣ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 215 ϲ. – ϒ. 81. § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» 427 υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϰϯϭϩϭϯ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «cause and effect matrix»), ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «fault tree analysis»), ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «current reality tree») ϩ ϥϱ.). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σ.ς. ωϲϡϫϯϣϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ Ϥϱϡϵϯϣ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ – «ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϯϦ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩ ϰϱϡϣϯϣϼ϶, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶… ϐϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯϦ ϣϯϲϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϯϥϮϯϭ ϬϩϲϳϦ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ, ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ, ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϴ, ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ, ϰϱϦϫϱϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϤϯ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ»898. ϑϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϲϡϭϯϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϲϯϢϬϦϮϮϼϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϨϡϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϩ ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϤϯ, ϳϯϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϮϡϹϦϭϴ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ- ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϮϯ-ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϺϩϪ (ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϲϯ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ) ϭϦϳϯϥ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϢϩϦϮϩЀ (Ϯϡ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ) ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϴϿϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϳ Ϧϭϴ, ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ («ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣϦϺϦϪ ϣ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ») ϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϣ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ, ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ), ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϮϡϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ, ϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ – ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϴ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ, ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЀ ϩ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϵϡϫϳϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϯϢϬϦϤϸϡϿϺϦϪ ϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ϒϴϳϽ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ: ϶ϯϳЀ ϣϲϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϥϡϳϽ ϣ ϳϡϢϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ (ϳϦϫϲϳϡϭϩ), Ϯϯ ϰϱϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϭ ϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϱϡϨϴϭ ϴϧϦ ϴϳϱϡϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ϶ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ 898 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. ϐϱϡϣϯϣϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ϔϸϦϢ. ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ώωϔ σϙϞ, 2011. – 258 ϲ. – ϒ. 17. 428 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ, ϡ ϳϡϫϯϦ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϬ ωϲϩϫϡϣϡ) ϩ϶ ϲϳϱϯϪϮϯϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϯ-ЂϭϫϯϪ ϲϣЂϱϮϴϳϯϪ, Ϯϯ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧЂϮϮϯϪ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ (ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ) ϵϯϱϭϦ – ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ, ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ϶ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϰϡϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϱϡϨϴϭϯϭ. υϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶ ϯϥϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ϋϡϧϥϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ ϰϬϯ϶ϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ ϩ ϤϱϴϰϰϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀϭ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ. ϋϯϮϦϸϮϼϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ ϣϼϤϬЀϥϩϳ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϩϭ Ϯϡ ϱϼϢϽϿ ϫϯϲϳϽ, ϯϳϲϿϥϡ ϩ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩϦ899. σ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϭϲЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ, ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ (ϲϭ. ϰϱϩϭϦϱϼ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 6-3 ϩ 6-4) ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϣ϶ϯϥ (ϩϬϩ ϣ϶ϯϥϼ), ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥ (ϩϬϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϼ) ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ (ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ) ϲ ϩ϶ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϽϿ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ 4 ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ, ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϩ϶: 1) ϤϯϬϯϣϮϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ, 2) ϶ϣϯϲϳϯϣϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ, 3) ϣϦϱ϶ϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϩϧϮϩϦ ϫϯϲϳϩ (ϯϲϳϩϲϳϼϦ ϯϳϱϯϲϳϫϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϮϫϯϣ, ϱЂϢϱϡ ϩ ϰϬϡϣϮϩϫϩ), 4) ϶ϱϦϢϦϳ (ϰϯϨϣϯϮϯϸϮϩϫ – ϮϦϲϴϺϩϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ). τϯϬϯϣϮϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϡ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϴϿ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϴϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳ (ϲϢϯϪ) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϲϩϭϰϳϯϭϯϣ. ϖϣϯϲϳϯϣϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ ϣ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϭ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϡ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϳϽ ϣϼϣϯϥ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ. ώϡ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϦ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϦ ϥϩϡϤϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϬϩϮϩϩ (ϣϦϱ϶ϮϩϦ ϩ ϮϩϧϮϩϦ ϫϯϲϳϩ) ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϋ Ͼϳϩϭ ϯϳϱϦϨϫϡϭ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϼ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϯϳϱϦϨϫϩ, ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϸϬϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϼ ϣϲϦ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ (ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϦ ϩ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ)900. ϋϯϲϳϯϸϫϩ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ ϱϼϢϼ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϱϦϨϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϲϳϱϦϬϫϩ. ϋϡϧϥϯϪ «ϫϯϲϳЀϮϯϪ» ϣϦϳϣϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϩ, ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϲ ϩ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϭ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϣϡϱϽϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϷϣϦϳϡ ϬϩϮϩϩ). ϏϳϼϲϫϩϣϡϦϭϡЀ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϴϦϭϡЀ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϮϡϱϩϲϴϮϯϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϰϩϲϦϪ (ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ 899 Firican G. How to use the fishbone diagram to determine data quality root causes [ϋϡϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ «ϱϼϢϩϪ ϲϫϦϬϦϳ» ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // <https://www.lightsondata.com/how-to-fishbone-diagram-dataquality-root-causes/>. – 05.12.2018. 900 Quality Control Handbook [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ] / Ed. by J.M. Juran, Leonard A. Seder, Frank M. Gryna. Second edition. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962. – 1223 p. – P. 357 (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϡ: 11-12). § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» 429 ϳϡϫϯϤϯ-ϳϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ (ϲϯϰϯϥϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϱϦϨϫϩ-«ϯϳϱϯϲϳϫϩ» ϯϳ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϩ). υϩϡϤϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϦϳϣϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϯϳϣϦϳϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ. σϼϣϯϥϼ ϩϨϢϦϤϡϿϳϲЀ (ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ) ϥϯ ϳϦ϶ ϰϯϱ, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϼ ϣϲϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϦ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ. ϘϡϺϦ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣϦϱϳϩϫϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ. ϑϩϲ. 6-3. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ (ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϶ϩϭϩϫϡϳϯϣ)901 ϑϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϣ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩ϶ Ђϭϫϩ϶ ϬϦϫϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϪ ϮϡϱϩϲϴϮϯϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϰϩϲϦϪ, ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϮϯϭ ϲϳϩϬϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϤϯ ϰϩϲϽϭϡ. ψϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϢϻЂϭϼ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ. ω Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϺϡϦϳ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϴϿ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ ϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϴϿ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. 901 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Quality Control Handbook [ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϿ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ] / Ed. By J.M. Juran, Leonard A. Seder, Frank M. Gryna. Second edition. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962. – 1223 p. – P. 358 (ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϡ: 11-13). 430 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 6-4. φϺЂ ϯϥϩϮ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ ωϲϩϫϡϣϼ (ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϡ)902 υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϣϯϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϭϩϮϴϲϼ. ϓϡϫ, ϫ ϭϩϮϴϲϡϭ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϲЀ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫϯ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϴ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϤϱϯϭϯϧϥϡϿϺϩϭϩ, ϫϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭϩ ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ903. ω Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ, ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϼ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϡ ϰϯϱϯϫϯϭ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ. ϋϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϥϬЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϳϡϫϡЀ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ, ϣ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϦ, ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϪ, ϴϧϦ ϮϩϸϦϤϯ ϮϦ ϥϡϿϺϦϪ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ. ώϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀ ϩ ϶ϱϯϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ. ϓϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϥϬЀ ϱЀϥϡ ϷϦϬϦϪ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϦϮ. 902 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ωϲϩϫϡϣϡ ϋ. ϠϰϯϮϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ: ϒϯϫϱ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ώϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ρ.σ. τϬϩϸϦϣ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 215 ϲ. – ϒ. 80. 903 Firican G. How to use the fishbone diagram to determine data quality root causes [ϋϡϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ «ϱϼϢϩϪ ϲϫϦϬϦϳ» ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶] // <https://www.lightsondata.com/how-to-fishbone-diagram-dataquality-root-causes/>. – 05.12.2018. § 6.16. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» 431 ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϲϡϭ ϋϡϯϱϴ ωϲϩϫϡϣϡ, ϦϤϯ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϽ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫϡϭϩ ϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϮ ϮϡϨϣϡϬ ϦЂ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϯϪ; ϯϮ ϳϡϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϬ ϦЂ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ: «ϐϱϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ ϮϦϬϽϨЀ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϳϽ ϦЂ ϢϦϨϴϲϬϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϭϼϲϬ ϩ ϱϼϸϡϤϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϯϣϬϡϥϦϳϽ ϩϭ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϼ ϣϼϰϴϲϫϡ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϷϩϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ, ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϬϦϤϸϩϳϽ Ͼϳϯϳ ϴϭϯϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, Ѐ ϰϱϩϥϴϭϡϬ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭϴ»904. 904 ωϲϩϫϡϣϡ ϋ. ϠϰϯϮϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯϭ: ϒϯϫϱ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ώϡϴϸ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϰϱϦϥϩϲϬ. ρ.σ. τϬϩϸϦϣ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 215 ϲ. – ϒ. 81. 432 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.17. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «current reality tree») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» ϩ ϥϱ.). ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϢϼϬ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮ ϞϬϩЀϤϴ ύ. τϯϬϥϱϡϳϳϯϭ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϦϤϯ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «theory of constraints»). ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϨϣϯϬϩϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ (ϣ ϬϯϤϩϫϦ «ϦϲϬϩ …, ϳϯ …») ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϫϯϱϮϦϣϯϪ (ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ) ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϯϪ (ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϯϭ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ) ϩ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼϭϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ϯϡ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ «ϣϦϳϣЀϳ» (ϥϱϦϣϯϣϩϥϮϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϳ) ϲϮϩϨϴ ϣϣϦϱ϶, ϰϯϴϱϯϣϮϦϣϯ-ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ (ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϨϩϱϴЀ) ϥϱϯϢЀ ϰϯ ϲϳϦϰϦϮЀϭ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϾϹϦϬϯϮϯϣ. ϘϦϱϦϨ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϦϳϲЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ ϯ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϫϯϱϮϦϣϯϪ (ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ) ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ (ϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϦϤϯ ϲ϶ϦϭϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ) ϰϱϯ϶ϯϥϡ ϩ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϴϿ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϴ – ϥϬЀ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϫϯϱϮϦϣϯϪ (ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϪ) ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϡ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ), ϮϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϯϳ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩЀ (ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϨϡϩϭϮϯϤϯ ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨЀ϶) ϲϩϭϰϳϯϭϯϣ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ (ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϼ϶ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ). ψϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϯ-ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϨϡϱϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. § 6.18. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 433 § 6.18. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «color-coding method») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϲϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϿ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ «ϲ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϮϩЀ» (ϴϲϣϯϦϮϩЀ) ϩ ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϯϣ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϯϪ Ϧϭϴ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϦϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ϶ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϷϣϦϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲ϶Ϧϭ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϼ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭϩ (ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϭϩ) ϷϣϦϳϡϭϩ ϩ ϵϯϱϭϡϭϩ ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼ϶ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϼ϶ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϯϣ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϟ.σ. ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣϡ, «ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϦϭ ϭϴϬϽϳϩϭϦϥϩϪϮϼ϶ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϡ ϲ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϣϦϥϴϺϦϤϯ ϫϡϮϡϬϡ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϭϩϱϡ – ϨϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϢϼϬ ϮϡϨϣϡϮ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϤϱϡϵϩϫϯϪ. ϐϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϳϬϩϸϩϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϩ ϯϳ ϯϢϼϸϮϯϪ (ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϪ)… Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ (ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϺϡЀ ϱϡϨϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ) Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϡ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϷϦϬϽϿ ϮϦ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϤϯϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϫϡϨ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϡЀ Ϥϱϡϵϩϫϡ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ… ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ»905. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϫϩϭϩ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϯϨϤ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ (ϫϯϬϯϮϫϡϭϩ, ϱЀϥϡϭϩ, ϰϯϳϯϫϡϭϩ) Ϸϩϵϱ (ϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ). σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳϲЀ ϱϦϵϬϦϫϲϩϣϮϯϦ (ϲϱϯϥϮϩ ϡϣϳϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ) ϱϦϡϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ (ϴϲϬϯϣϮϯ, ϰϯ ϭϯϳϩϣϴ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϲϣϦϳϯϵϯϱϡ). σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ «ϲϫϱϼϳϴϿ» ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϮϦϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϴϿ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ906. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϱЀϥϦ ϲϵϦϱ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϬ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϴϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ907, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϦ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ ϩ ϵϦϮϯϭϦϮϯϣ. 905 ϋϴϱϮϯϲϯϣ ϟ.σ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ϑϩϳϭ, 2015. – 613 ϲ. – ϒ. 219. 906 ρϱ϶ϩϰϯϣ ϒ.ρ. ϐϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϷϩϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ // ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϧϴϱϮϡϬ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϩ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ. – 2009. – ࠪ 6. – ϒ. 18–19. 907 ϒϭ.: Alon N., Yuster R., Zwick U. Color-coding: a new method for finding simple paths, cycles and other small subgraphs within large graphs [ϗϣϦϳϯϣϯϦ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ: ϮϯϣϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ 434 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ςϡϮϤ σϯϮϤ, «ϷϣϦϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϢϻЂϭϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϮϡϲϼϺϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀϭ. ώϡ ϱϩϲϴϮϫϡ϶ ϷϣϦϳ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϫϬϡϲϲϼ. ψϡϥϡϸϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϥϯϢϱϡϳϽ ϷϣϦϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϡϳϽ. ϒϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϣϼϢϯϱϴ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ Ϯϡϭ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϴ, ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϥϬЀ ϷϣϦϳϯϣϯϤϯ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ… ϗϣϦϳ ϶ϯϱϯϹϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ. ϐϱϩ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϭ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϩ, ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϰϱϩ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϲϬϡϢϼ϶ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϭ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀϭ, ϷϣϦϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϫϡϨϩϳϽ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϦ. ϐϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϷϣϦϳ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϯϺϮϼϭ ϥϩϵϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϴϿϺϩϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϭ, ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϦϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϦϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϢϯϱ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ, ϯϳϬϩϸϩϭϼ϶ ϥϱϴϤ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϡ, Ϯϯ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϭϼ϶ ϰϯ ϣϩϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ»908. Ϙϡϲϳϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϳϱЂ϶ ϷϣϦϳϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ: ϫϱϡϲϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϴϤϱϯϨ, ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϡ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϡ, ϧЂϬϳϼϪ – ϥϬЀ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϦϨϡϣϦϱϹЂϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϮϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϦϪ, ϨϦϬЂϮϼϪ – ϥϬЀ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϩϬϩ ϲϱϦϥϼ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϷϣϦϳϯϣϼϦ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϫϩ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϱϡϲϫϬϡϥϯϫ ϫϯϮϳϱϡϲϳϮϼ϶ ϷϣϦϳϯϣ, ϴϸϩϳϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϷ, ϲϳϱϡϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϥϡϬϽϳϯϮϩϨϭϯϭ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϩ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϦ ϣ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ Ϥϱϡϵϯϣ ϫ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ «ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϯ-ϲϦϳϦϣϼ϶ ϭϯϳϩϣϯϣ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «network motif»), ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϣϳϯϱЀϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϰϯϥϤϱϡϵϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϡϳϳϦϱϮϯϣ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϫϱϴϰϮϯϤϯ Ϥϱϡϵϡ. ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϼ϶ ϰϴϳϦϪ, ϷϩϫϬϯϣ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϰϯϥϤϱϡϵϯϣ ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ Ϥϱϡϵϡ϶] // STOC '94: Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing (Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 23–25, 1994). – New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 1994. – P. 326–335. ϏϭϦϬϽϸϦϮϫϯ σ.σ. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϋϮϩϤϡ 1: ύϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. – ύ.: φϥϩϳϯϱϩϡϬ ϔϑϒϒ, 2019. – 228 ϲ. ϏϭϦϬϽϸϦϮϫϯ σ.σ. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ϋϮϩϤϡ 2: ϏϢϺϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϷϣϦϳϯϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ – ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽ ϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡϭ. – ύ.: φϥϩϳϯϱϩϡϬ ϔϑϒϒ, 2019. – 376 ϲ. 908 Wong B. Color coding [ϗϣϦϳϯϣϯϦ ϫϯϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ] // Nature Methods. – 2010. – Vol. 7. – ࠪ 8. – P. 573. § 6.19. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ 435 § 6.19. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ρϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϫϦ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϼ϶ ϡϬϤϯϱϩϳϭϯϣ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϪ ϣ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶909. ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ – ϫϬϡϲϲ ϲ϶Ϧϭ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϺϩ϶ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϴϿ, ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϲϢϯϱϫϴ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϦϤϯϲЀ ϫ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϴ, ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ ϩϬϩ ϳϦϭϦ; ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲ϶Ϧϭ – ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϡϱϳϼ (ϫϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ)910. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ (ϩϮϯϤϥϡ Ϩϣϴϸϩϳ ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ-ϫϡϱϳ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϫ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϷϦϰϯϸϦϫ ϩϬϩ ϫϡϱϳ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «mind mapping method») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ – Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϲϯϸϦϳϡϮϩЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀϭϩ (ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϡϭϩ) ϣ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϩ Ϩϡ ϲϸЂϳ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ, ϩϥϦϪ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ – ϥϯϢϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϡ ϩ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϰϯϬϦ ϱϦϹϡϦϭϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ ϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸ, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩϭϰϬϩϷϩϳϮϼ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ. υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶911 ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϡϭϩ, ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϣ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϴϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϦ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϣϯϲϰϯϭϩϮϡϮϩϦ ϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ, ϲϯϸϦϳϡϿϺϦϭϲЀ ϲ Ϯϩϭ912, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀЀ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϯϤϡϥϫϩ, ϩϥϦϩ, ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ Ϯϡ ϸϩϲϳϯϭ ϬϩϲϳϦ. 909 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 638–639. 910 ωϲϡϫϯϣ σ.ς. τϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϦ // ϟϱϩϲϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϫϡ (Legal Linguistics). – 2020. – ࠪ 17. – ϒ. 12–15. – ϒ. 13. 911 υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϭϴ «ϫϬϩϰϯϣϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ» (ϣ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ). ϐϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϫϬϩϰϯϣϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ» ϯϨϮϡϸϡϬ, ϰϩϹϦϳ ω.σ. υϯϪϮϩϫϯϣ, ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϭϩϱϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ Ѐϱϫϩ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϣϩϥϦϯϫϬϩϰϯϣ. ύϼϲϬЀϺϩϪ ϫϬϩϰϡϭϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϰϱϩ ϰϱϯϲϭϯϳϱϦ ϫϡϫϯϤϯ-ϬϩϢϯ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϮ ϲϿϧϦϳϮϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϦϮ, ϡ ϣϯϳ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϤϬϡϣϮϴϿ ϭϼϲϬϽ, ϱϡϨϤϬЀϥϦϳϽ ϰϯϥϳϦϫϲϳ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϦϮ (υϯϪϮϩϫϯϣ ω.σ. Ϗ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϲϮϯϣϡ϶ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϯϢϴϸϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϭϡϤϩϲϳϱϡϳϴϱϦ // ϐϱϡϣϯ ϩ Ϥϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϯ: ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ. – 2021. – ࠪ 4. – ϒ. 220–224. – ϒ. 223). 912 ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ // <https://vbudushee.ru/upload/lib/06_ύϦϳϯϥ-ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ.pdf>. 436 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ BABOK, ϫϡϱϳϡ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϭϼϲϬϦϪ, ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϋϡϱϳϡ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϨϮϯϣϩϥϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϨϡϭϦϳϯϫ, ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϿϺϡЀ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϮϦϬϩϮϦϪϮϼ϶ ϥϩϡϤϱϡϭϭ. ϋϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϯϢϱϡϨϼ, ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϷϣϦϳϡ ϩ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ ϫ ϭϼϲϬЀϭ, ϩϥϦЀϭ ϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϋϡϱϳϡ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϤϬϡϣϮϴϿ ϩϥϦϿ, ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϭϴϿ ϣϳϯϱϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ (ϩϬϩ ϳϦϭϡϭϩ), Ϩϡ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϬϯЂϣ ϩϥϦϪ (ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϳϦϭ), ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϽ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ. ωϥϦϩ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϦϳϣЀϭϩ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϥϮϯ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ, ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϿϺϦϦ ϲϣЀϨϽ. ϋϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ. ϏϮϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϢϴϭϡϤϦ ϩϬϩ ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϰϽϿϳϦϱϮϯ-ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ. ςϩϨϮϦϲ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϫϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϥϬЀ: ϯϢϥϴϭϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϥϦϪ ϯ Ϯϩ϶, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼϭϩ ϤϱϡϮЀϭϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ, ϣϥϯ϶ϮϯϣϬЀϿϺϩϭ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϲϯϬϩϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϩϥϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϼ϶ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. ώϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϡ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ. ϗϦϬϽ ϫϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ – ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϣ ϭϡϮϦϱϦ, ϭϡϫϲϩϭϡϬϽϮϯ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦϪ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϮϡϹ ϭϯϨϤ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ. τϬϡϣϮϡЀ ϳϦϭϡ ϫϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ – ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϭϡЀ ϭϼϲϬϽ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ. τϬϡϣϮϡЀ ϳϦϭϡ ϱϡϲϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϷϦϮϳϱϦ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϪ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϳ ϮϦЂ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϯϳϣϦϳϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϦϭ ϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ. σ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϼ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϯϢϱϡϨϼ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϯϮϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϯϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϭ. ϓϦϭϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϴϿ ϳϦϭϴ. ω϶ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ ϲ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϯϪ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϦϳϣϽ (ϲϯϦϥϩϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ), ϩϭϦϿϺϡЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ. ϓϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϼ. ϐϯϥϳϦϭϼ – Ͼϳϯ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϱϡϨϻЀϲϮЀϿϺϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϳϦϭϴ ϩ ϰϱЀϭϯ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϩϦϲЀ ϫ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϦ. ω϶ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ ϲ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϯϪ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϦϳϣϽ (ϲϯϦϥϩϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϬϩϮϩЀ), ϩϭϦϿϺϡЀ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϦ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ. ϓϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϭϼϲϬϩ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϮЀϳϩϦ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϼ. σϦϳϣϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϤϬϡϣϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϯϪ, ϳϦϭϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϥϳϦϭϡϭϩ. σϦϳϣϩ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϳ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ, ЀϲϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϿϺϦϦ ϲϴϳϽ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϩ. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϦϥϩϮϩϸϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϴϳϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϥϳϦϭ, ϲϯϦϥϩϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϣϦϳϣϽϿ. ϋϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ ϫϡϫ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϳϦϭ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϱϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ. ϗϣϦϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϳϦϭ, ϰϯϥϳϦϭ ϩ ϩ϶ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ. υϬЀ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϮϦϳ ϲϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϮϯϪ ϷϣϦϳϯϣϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ. ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬϽ § 6.19. ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ 437 ϫϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϷϣϦϳϡ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ. ωϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϡϱϳϡ϶ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϯϢϻЂϭϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϭϩ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϳϦϭ. ωϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϪ, ϰϯϱϯϧϥϡЀ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϼϲϬϩ, ϩϥϦϩ ϩ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϩ913. ϋϡϱϳϼ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ (ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ-ϫϡϱϳϼ) ϢϼϬϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϼ ϫϡϫ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϥϦϪ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ. ϋϡϱϳϡ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϨϡϰϩϲϽ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϼ ϩ ϯϢϥϴϭϼϣϡϮϩϦ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϮϦϪ ϩϥϦϪ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩ϶ ϩϨ ϷϦϮϳϱϡ. ϒϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϩϣ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϩϥϦЀ϶, ϨϡϰϩϲϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣϯϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϩ ϯϳϼϲϫϡϣ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϬϴϸϹϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϩ ϨϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ. ϘϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳ-ϫϡϱϳϴ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ, ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϲ ϲϦϱϦϥϩϮϼ ϲϳϱϡϮϩϷϼ ϲ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϳϦϭϼ / ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ, ϩ ϲ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϣϦϥЂϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϤϬЀϥϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ϶, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϱϡϲϳϴϺϴϿ (ϱϡϲϹϩϱЀϿϺϴϿϲЀ) ϥϣϴ϶ϭϦϱϮϴϿ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϴ, ϲϯϲϳϯЀϺϴϿ ϩϨ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϲϬϯϣ ϩ ϵϱϡϨ (ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ, ϨϡϭϦϳϯϫ, ϮϡϢϱϯϲϫϯϣ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϯϫ Ϩϡϥϡϸ), ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϩ Ϸϩϵϱ914. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϓϯϮϩ ςϽϿϨϦϮϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϥϬЀ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ: ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϯϢϱϡϨ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «central image») ϥϬЀ ϲϳϩϭϴϬЀϷϩϩ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ, ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϭϼϲϬϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ; ϫϱϩϣϯϬϩϮϦϪϮϼϦ ϣϦϳϣϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «curvilinear branches»), ϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϩϨ (ϱϡϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦϲЀ ϯϳ) ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ, ϥϬЀ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϥϦϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «basic ordering ideas» (BOIs)); ϲϦϳϽ (ϳϦϯϱϦϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϢϦϲϫϯϮϦϸϮϡЀ) ϢϯϬϦϦ ϭϦϬϫϩ϶ ϣϦϳϣϦϪ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «network of smaller branches») ϥϬЀ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ, ϣϼϳϦϫϡϿϺϩ϶ ϩϨ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϯϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϥϦϪ, Ϯϡ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ; ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϷϣϦϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϥϦϪ ϰϯ ϳϦϭϡϭ; ϯϥϮϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϣϦϳϣϩ915. ϘϡϲϳϮϼϭϩ ϲϬϴϸϡЀϭϩ ϯϢϯϨϱϦϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϡϴϫϡ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «spider maps») ϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϴϨϼϱϽϫϯϣ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Bubble Maps»)916. 913 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. 358–360. 914 Mind Mapping [ύϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ] // <https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentr e/sites/default/files/docs/learningguide-mindmapping.pdf>. 915 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Brandner R. Why Mind Mapping? [ϐϯϸϦϭϴ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ?] // <https://www.mindmeister.com/blog/why-mind-mapping/>. 916 Brandner R. Why Mind Mapping? [ϐϯϸϦϭϴ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϫϡϱϳ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩϪ?] // <https://www.mindmeister.com/blog/why-mind-mapping/>. 438 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.20. ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϭϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϡ) – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ (ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϪ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϣ web-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ). ύϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϯϰϬϯϺϦϮϩϦ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϦϳ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϼϭ ϯϳ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ, ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϷϩϩ. ϓϦϤ (ЀϱϬϼϫ, ϭϡϱϫϦϱ, ϭϦϳϫϡ) – Ͼϳϯ ϡϲϲϯϷϩϩϱϴϦϭϯϦ ϲ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϡϦϭϼϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϭ (ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϭ, Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ, Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭ ϣϩϥϦϯ-ϩϨϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦϭ, Ϸϩϵϱϯϣϼϭ ϫϡϱϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϭ, ϨϡϫϬϡϥϫϯϪ ϩϮϳϦϱϮϦϳ-ϢϱϡϴϨϦϱϡ ϩ ϥϱ.) ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϬϯϣϯ-ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϳϯϱ (ϳϦϱϭϩϮ), ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϿϺϦϦ ϫϡϫ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϡϳϱϩϢϴϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϦ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϴ ϣ ϷϦϬЀ϶ ϦϤϯ ϩϥϦϮϳϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϨϡϷϩϩ (ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ), «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ», ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ, ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϩϪ ϤϱϡϮϩϷ, ϯϢϬϦϤϸϦϮϩЀ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ (ϸϦϱϦϨ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϦ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϼ). ϏϢϬϡϫϯ ϳϦϤϯϣ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «nuage de mots-clés» ϩϬϩ «nuage de tags»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «tag cloud») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϳϦϤϯϣ (ϭϦϳϡϥϡϮϮϼ϶) Ϯϡ ϣϦϢ-ϲϡϪϳϦ, ϬϩϢϯ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ, ϮϦϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϫϲϳϡ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϩϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ, ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϺϦϦ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϲϦϭϡϮϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϱϦϨϿϭϦ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ ϲ ϰϱϩϲϣϯϦϮϩϦϭ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϭ ϳϦϤϡϭ ϣϦϲϯϣϼ϶ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ (ϦϥϩϮϩϷ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϡ ϣ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϣϦϲϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϯϪ ϳϩϰϯϤϱϡϵϩϫϩ) ϥϬЀ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϪ. ϓϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ «ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϣ “ϣϼϴϧϩϣϡϮϩЀ” ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼ϶ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϨ “ϯϨϦϱϡ”, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϯϳϵϩϬϽϳϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϯϳ “ϣϯϥϼ”, ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϳϽ ϫ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ… ϋϡϫϩϭϩ ϳϦϤϡϭϩ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϮϦ ϨϮϡЀ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϩ϶ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ? ϏϳϣϦϳ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϴϳЂϭ: ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϿϳ ϰϱϩϲϣϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϳϦϤϩ, ϡ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϰϯϤϬϯϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϲϣϯϦϮϩЀ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϿϳ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϿϳ “ϣϼϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ” ϥϡϮϮϼϦ. ω ϰϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϯ ϴϳϯϸϮЀϿϳϲЀ ϩ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϿϳϲЀ ϣϲϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ ϳϦϤϯϣ, ϡ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϮϡϥϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϥϯϢϡϣϬЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϳϦϤϩ». ϘϡϲϳϮϼϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϵϯϬϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼϦ «ϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϳϡϫϲϯϮϯϭϩϩ», ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ «ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϯϮϬϡϪϮ-ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ωϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϩ ϩ ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ-ϲϦϳϦϣϼϦ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϲϡϭϩ ϡϮϮϯϳϩϱϴϿϳ ϩ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϴϿϳ ϷϩϵϱϯϣϯϪ ϫϯϮϳϦϮϳ ϰϯ ϧϡϮϱϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩЀϭ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡЀ ϥϬЀ ϮϦϤϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϳϦϤϩ. ώϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϦ § 6.20. ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 439 ϩϭϦϿϳ Ϯϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ, Ϯϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϦϪ ϲ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϭϩ, ϡ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϲϳϩ϶ϩϪϮϯ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϩ϶ ϮϦ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϫ ϮϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩЀϭ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϩ϶ ϣϼϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϬϩ ϮϦ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϼ»917. ϑϩϲ. 6-5. ϏϢϬϡϫϯ ϳϦϤϯϣ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϿ ϲϰϯϱϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϣϡ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϳϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϾϫϲϳϱϡϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϦ ϲϭϼϲϬϯϣϼϦ ϲϴϢϲϳϱϡϳϼ, ϩϨϭϦϱЀϳϽ ϳϦϫϴϺϩϦ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ, ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϳϽ ϣϡϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϯϣ, ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϣϳϯϱЀϿϺϩϦϲЀ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϱϤϯϮϯϭϩϸϮϴϿ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϮϡϣϩϤϡϷϩϿ ϰϯ ϲϡϪϳϡϭ ϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϭ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡϭ, ϮϡϱϡϺϩϣϡϳϽ ϰϯϩϲϫϯϣϼϪ ϳϱϡϵϩϫ. σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶ ϯϢϬϡϫϯ ϳϦϤϯϣ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ – ϢϦϨ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ (ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϤϱϡϥϡϷϩϩ) ϣ ϮЂϭ ϳϦϤϯϣ ϰϯ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϿ. Ϟϳϯ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϲϰϩϲϫϡ ϳϦϤϯϣ. 917 DAMA-DMBOK: ϒϣϯϥ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ. σϳϯϱϯϦ ϩϨϥϡϮϩϦ / DAMA International: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. τ. ρϤϡϵϯϮϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ–ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2020. – xxviii; 800 ϲ. – ϒ. 640, 377. 440 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 6-6. ϐϱϩϭϦϱ ϯϢϬϡϫϡ ϳϦϤϯϣ Ϯϡ ϲϡϪϳϦ ϑϯϲϱϦϦϲϳϱϡ918. ϑϩϲ. 6-7. ϏϢϬϡϫϯ ϳϦϤϯϣ, ϯϳϮϯϲЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϦϰϯϥϡϣϡϮϩϿ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ919. 918 919 ϏϢϬϡϫϯ ϳϦϤϯϣ // <https://rosreestr.gov.ru/tag_cloud/>. ϒϯϨϥϡϮϯ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϡ Ϯϡ ϲϡϪϳϦ: <https://wordscloud.pythonanywhere.com/>. § 6.21. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ § 6.21. ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ 441 ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ (ϩϮϡϸϦ – ϭϦϳϯϥ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «cause and effect matrix» ϩϬϩ ϫϱϡϳϫϯ «C&E matrix») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» ϩ ϥϱ.). ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϴϣЀϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ Ͼϳϡϰϯϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϲ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ ϣ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϫϯϱϱϦϬЀϷϩϿ ϲ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϮϼϭϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ – ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭϩ ϫϬϩϦϮϳϯϣ) ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϣ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϫ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡϭ, ϲ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϫϡϱϳϼ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ. ϓϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϬϩϦϮϳϯϣ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϴϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϣϡϧϮϯϲϳϩ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϣ϶ϯϥϼ ϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϼ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϰϯ ϩ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϿ. ψϮϡЀ Ͼϳϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϩ, ϣϩϥϩϭϼϦ ϩ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϼϦ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϩϳϽ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ, ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩϦ Ϯϡ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ920. ϒϡϭϼϪ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϼϪ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ ϨϡϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ – ϰϯϭϯϸϽ ϲϴϨϩϳϽ ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϥϬϩϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϩϲϯϫ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϣ϶ϯϥϮϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ (ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬЀЀ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϣ϶ϯϥ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϹϡϤϡ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ) ϥϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϭϯϤϯ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϲϰϩϲϫϡ921. 920 Cause and Effect Matrix [ύϡϳϱϩϷϡ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ] // <https://leanmanufacturing.online/cause-effect-matrix/>. – 20.02.2021. 921 Pereira R. About The Cause & Effect (C&E) Matrix [Ϗ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϦ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ] // <https://blog.gembaacademy.com/2007/06/11/need-help-making-decisions/>. – 26.05.2020. 442 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.22. ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ ύϦϳϯϥ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «arbre de défaillances»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «fault tree analysis») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϭϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϲϢϯϦϣ Ϯϡ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ, ϥϬЀ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϮϡϥЂϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϩϲϳϦϭ ϩ ϡϤϱϦϤϡϳϯϣ ϣ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϫϦ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ (ϮϡϱЀϥϴ ϲ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϡϳϱϩϷϼ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ «ϱϼϢϽϦϤϯ ϲϫϦϬϦϳϡ» ϩ ϥϱ.). υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϳ Ϯϩϲ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϪ («ϲϣϦϱ϶ϴ ϣϮϩϨ») ϥϦϥϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϢϯϦϣ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϯϣ (ϢϡϨϯϣϯϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϢϯϪ Ϯϡ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ (ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ). ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ (ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϡ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϩϭϣϯϬϯϣ ϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϯϱϯϣ «ϩ», «ϩϬϩ») ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϪ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϿϳ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϦ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ, ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϴЀ ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ. σϦϱ϶ϮЀЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϳϯ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϮϯϦ. ϋϡϧϥϼϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦ ϮϩϧϦϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϴϱϯϣϦϮϽ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϷϩϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϿϿ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϿ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϿ (ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ) ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϩϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϿ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϫ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭϴ ϯϮϩ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϡϮϼ. ρϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϦϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϳ ϥϣϴϭЀ ϳϩϰϯϣϼϭϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ – «ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀϭϩ» ϩ «ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ», ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϯϦϥϩϮЀϿϳ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϮϦϰϱϩϦϭϬϦϭϯϤϯ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϥϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϭ, ϮϦϧϦϬϩ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϪ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «Failure Mode and Effects Analysis» (FMEA))922. ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϥϯϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϯϪ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϦϪ ϲϯϣϭϦϺϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϲϳϼϦ ϯϳϫϡϨϼ ϩ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ϶ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϭϡϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϱЀϥϡ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϩϨϫϯϤϯ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ. 922 What is Fault Tree Analysis [Ϙϳϯ ϳϡϫϯϦ <https://sixsigmastudyguide.com/fault-tree-analysis/>. ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϥϦϱϦϣϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϯϣ] // § 6.23. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 443 § 6.23. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϐϱϩϱϯϥϡ ϥϡϬϡ ϬϿϥЀϭ ϯϥϩϮ ЀϨϼϫ, Ϯϯ ϥϣϡ ϴ϶ϡ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϭϼ ϭϯϤϬϩ ϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ ϯϳ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϣ ϥϣϡ ϱϡϨϡ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ, ϸϦϭ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ. ϞϰϩϫϳϦϳ, ϥϱϦϣϮϦϤϱϦϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵ923. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ (ϨϡϲϬϴϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ) – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, ϲϯϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϪ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϭϴ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϿ ϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϩϲϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϯϬЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ (ϩϬϩ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϤϯ), ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϫϱϴϤϡ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϲϳϡϣЀϺϦϪϲЀ ϨϡϫϡϨϸϩϫϯϭ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ. Ϟϳϯ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϩ ϣϯϬϦϣϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϲϯϢϱϡϮϮϯϦ ϣ ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϵϯϱϭϴ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϬϼϹϡϮϩϦ. ωϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϪ ϵϱϡϮϷϴϨϲϫϩϪ ϵϩϬϯϲϯϵ ρϮϥϱϦ χϩϥ ϫϡϫ-ϳϯ ϰϱϩϲϳϴϰϩϬ ϫ ϸϳϦϮϩϿ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϣ: «σϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϢϼϬϯ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϱϡϮϽϹϦ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ Ϯϩϫϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϬ, ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϩϳϽ»924. Ϗϲϫϡϱϴ ϔϡϪϬϽϥϴ ϰϱϩϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩϦ: «Ϡ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿ Ϩϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϤϯϣϯϱϿ, Ϯϯ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ Ϩϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϲϬϼϹϩϳϦ!» ϖϯϳЀ ϯϮ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦ ϰϱϡϣ, ϩϢϯ Ϩϡ ϳϯϸϮϴϿ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϴ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϿϳ ϯϢϡ – ϩ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϩϪ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϮϳ ϩ ϲϬϴϹϡϿϺϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϡϥϱϦϲϡϳ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩЀ, ϣ ϬϿϢϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϴϭϦϳϽ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϡϧϮϯ. ϐϯ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ωϲϳϣϴϥϡ ρϳϣϡϳϦϱϡ, «ϮϦϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϮϦϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϮϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϮϦϥϯϱϡϨϴϭϦϮϩЀϭ, ϯϹϩϢϫϡϭ ϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭ. ωϮϯϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϰϡϲϮϼϭ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϱϯϫϯϣϼϭ»925. ϒϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϦ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϯ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϵϦϱϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϥϡϧϦ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϯ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ. σϼϲϬϴϹϩϣϡЀ ϩ ϲϬϴϹϡЀ ϴϲϳϮϴϿ ϱϦϸϽ, ϢϼϳϽ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϼϭ ϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ (ϣϮϩϭϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϲϬϴ϶ ϩ ϴϲϣϡϩϣϡϳϽ) – ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. ύϼ ϮϦ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϩϨ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϯϸϦϮϽ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ (ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ – ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ) ϩϭϦϦϳ ϥϦϬϯ ϲ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϣ ϧϩϣϯϭ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϩ (ϩϬϩ ϣ ϡϴϥϩϯ-ϣϩϥϦϯ-Ϩϡϰϩϲϩ) ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϦϪ. σϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϲϦϣϡ ϩϨ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϪ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ – ϥϦϨϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϩϮϯϪ ϬϯϧϮϯϪ 923 Epictetus. The Golden Sayings of Epictetus. – Cleveland (Ohio, USA): Booklassic, 2015. ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ρϳϣϡϳϦϱ ω. Ϡ σϡϲ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ… ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ: ϒϯϫϱϡϺ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 2-Ϧ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 111 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 925 ρϳϣϡϳϦϱ ω. Ϡ σϡϲ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ… ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ: ϒϯϫϱϡϺ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 2-Ϧ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 111 ϲ. – ϒ. 8. 924 444 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϥϬЀ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϤϱϡϭϯϳϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϦϧϩϭϦ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϼϪ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ώϯ ϸϡϺϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϳϯϸϮϦϦ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϦϭϯϦ ϯϳ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϦϤϯ ϫϯϭϭϴϮϩϫϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϬϡϮϩϦ. σϦϥϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϲϬϯϣ ϣ ϱϴϲϲϫϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ ϭϮϯϤϯϨϮϡϸϮϼ, ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϭϮϯϤϯϨϮϡϸϮϼϦ ϲϬϯϣϡ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϳϦ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϣϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϳ ϲϣϯϪ ϲϭϼϲϬ926. ϐϯ ρ.ύ. φϤϯϱϯϣϴ: «ϐϦϱϣϼϪ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϬϿϢϴϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ ϮϴϧϮϯ ϲϮϡϸϡϬϡ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϣϼϣϦϲϳϩ ϩϨ ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϬЀ. φϲϬϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϯϬϦ, ϣϼ ϦЂ ϱϦϹϩϳϦ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦ ϱϦϹϩϳϦ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ»927. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ, ϨϡϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϩ ϲϮϯϣϡ ϣϮϩϭϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ (ϯϳϣϦϳϼ Ϯϡ Ϯϩ϶). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ωϲϳϣϴϥϴ ρϳϣϡϳϦϱϴ: «ύϼ ϮϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϦϭ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ, ϸϳϯ ϯϹϩϢϯϸϮϯ ϥϴϭϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ – ϨϮϡϸϩϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϽ. Ϟϳϯ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ… ϒϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ – ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϪ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϫ ϳϯϭϴ, ϯ ϸЂϭ ϩϥЂϳ ϱϦϸϽ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϼ϶ ϴϲϩϬϩϪ ϩ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ Ϯϡ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϦ ϢϦϲϦϥϼ. σ ϳϯ ϧϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϮϦ ϩϲϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϴϸϡϲϳϩЀ ϣ ϢϦϲϦϥϦ… ϘϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ Ϯϡ ϳϱϩ ϸϦϳϣϦϱϳϩ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ ϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϸϦϣϯϤϯ (ϱϦϸϽ ϩ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ)… ϔϲϳϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϨϡϢϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ, ϡ ϮϦϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϥϯϱϯϤϯ ϯϢϯϪϳϩϲϽ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϢϦϤϡϿϳ ϫ ϨϡϰϩϲЀϭ ϥϬЀ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ. σϦϥϽ ϰϯϥϸϡϲ ϣϡϧϮϡ ϭϦϬϽϸϡϪϹϡЀ ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϯϲϳϽ! ... ϒϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ [ϴϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϦϤϯ] ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϲЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϭ ϣϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϩЀ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ ϴϲϳϮϯϪ ϱϦϸϩ ϩ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϬϴϹϡϿϺϦϤϯ… ϑϡϨϬϩϸϩϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϽϿ ϱϦϸϩ ϩ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϽ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϯϪ ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϲϬϴϸϡЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϳ ϭϦϥϬϦϮϮϯ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϮϯ. ύϼ ϭϯϧϦϭ Ϣϼϲϳϱϯ ϰϯϪϭϡϳϽ ϲϦϢЀ Ϯϡ ϮϦϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ, ϰϯϲϫϯϬϽϫϴ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ – ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, Ϯϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣϮϴϳϱϦϮϮϩϪ. ϋϡϫ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϧϦϬϡϮϩϦ ϴϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ, ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϫ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϴ. ϐϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ, Ϯϡϥϯ ϶ϯϳϦϳϽ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ… ϘϳϯϢϼ ϴϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ, ϭϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϨϡϰϬϡϳϩϳϽ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦϭ. ωϭϦϮϮϯ “ϨϡϰϬϡϳϩϳϽ”, ϳ.Ϧ. ϯϳϥϡϳϽ ϯϥϮϯ ϣ ϯϢϭϦϮ Ϯϡ ϸϳϯϬϩϢϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ. ϒϬϴϹϡЀ, ϭϼ “ϯϳϥϡЂϭ” ϮϡϹϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϮϡϹϴ ϨϡϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ, ϲ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϽ ϣϨϡϭϦϮ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ, ϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ, ϩ ϫϯϭϵϯϱϳ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϨϣϬϦϸϦϮϩϦ. ϒϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ – ϳЀϧЂϬϼϪ ϳϱϴϥ, ϣϯϳ ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϭϼ ϩ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϭ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϥϯϬϤϯ. ώϯ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ – Ͼϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϩ ϥϡϱ, ϷϦϮϮϦϪϹϩϪ ϥϡϱ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϥϡϱϩϳϽ ϥϱϴϤϯϤϯ. ϒϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ – ϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ 926 ωϣϡϮϯϣϡ ϒ.ω. Ϡ ϲϬϼϹϴ, ϸϳϯ ϣϼ ϥϴϭϡϦϳϦ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ. 2-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2016. – 138 ϲ. – ϒ. 21. 927 φϤϯϱϯϣ ρ.ύ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϯϣ: ϸϳϯ, ϤϥϦ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϩϨϴϸϡϳϽ? // <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcuUXfkkKmI>. – 14:22 – 14:37. § 6.23. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϴϥϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ 445 ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϣ ϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϥϦϬϩϭ ϲ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϩϭ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϩϡ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ»928. ϞϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϳϯϸϮϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϳϽ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϯ. ϒϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϲϬϼϹϡϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϣ, Ϯϯ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ ϣ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϦ. ϐϱϯЀϣϬЀЀ Ϯϡϣϼϫϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩЀ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϡϦϳϲЀ, Ϯϯ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ Ϥϯϣϯϱϩϳ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫ. ρϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϴϭϦϮϩϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϥϱϴϤϯϦ ϬϩϷϯ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϯϯϢϺϩϳϽ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϡϭϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϲϬϯϣ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϲϴϳϽ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϮϩЀ. ρϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩϦ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϦϮϩϦ ϲϫϡϨϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϲϬϯϣϡϭϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϦϬϽ ϩ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϩϪ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϯϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ. ϋ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬЀϭ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩЀ ϯϳϮϯϲЀϳϲЀ: ϴϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϦϭϴ ϰϯϬϮϯϤϯ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϣϯϨϮϡϤϱϡϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϦϤϯ ϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϣϦϱϢϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϯϺϱϦϮϩЀϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϪ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϤϯϣϯϱЀϺϦϭϴ ϬϩϷϴ ϩϬϩ ϤϱϴϰϰϦ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ Ϯϡϣϼϫϯϣ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϮϩЀ, ϯϳϫϬϡϥϼϣϡЀ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϳϣϦϸϡЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ929. 928 ρϳϣϡϳϦϱ ω. Ϡ σϡϲ ϲϬϴϹϡϿ… ϒϯϣϦϳϼ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϿ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϲϬϴϹϡϳϽ ϲϯϢϦϲϦϥϮϩϫϡ: ϒϯϫϱϡϺ. ϰϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ωϨϥϡϮϩϦ 2-Ϧ. – ύ.: ϞϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϡ, 1988. – 111 ϲ. – ϒ. 10, 17, 20 929 BABOK [Business Analysis Body of Knowledge]. σϦϱϲϩЀ 3.0. ϑϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϫ ϲϣϯϥϴ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ]. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϩϳϴϳ ϢϩϨϮϦϲ-[ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ], 2015. – x; 578 ϲ. – ϒ. 247–248. 446 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.24. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ώϡϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϰϡϱϡϤϱϡϵ ϯ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ (ϨϥϦϲϽ ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ – ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ) ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩ-ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬЀϷϩЀϭ ϣ ϲϳϩϬϦ ϡϮϤϬϯϲϡϫϲϯϮϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϭϭϦϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϯϣ. ϑϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯϢ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϢϼϲϳϱϯϦ ϰϯϤϱϴϧϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϳϦϭϴ ϩϬϩ ϮϯϣϴϿ ϦЂ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϴϿ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϿ, ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϽ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϲϮϡϢϧϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϭϩ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϼϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϡϭϩ, ϱϦϹϩϳϽ ϩϮϼϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϬϡϮϴ ϐϱϩϳϸϡϱϥϴ, ϭϦϳϯϥ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩЂϭϯϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ930. ϒϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ (ϰϱϦϧϥϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ – ϰϱϯϭϼϹϬϦϮϮϡЀ) ϨϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϣϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϴϿ ϮϡϴϸϮϴϿ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϴ – ϭϯϮϯϤϱϡϵϩϩ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ), ϥϩϲϲϦϱϳϡϷϩϩ, ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϲϳϡϳϽϩ, ϯϳϸЂϳϼ, ϥϯϫϬϡϥϼ ϰϡϳϦϮϳϼ. ω ϦϲϬϩ, ϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϴ, ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϲϳϱϡϮϦ, ϣϥϱϴϤ, ϰϱϯϰϡϬϩ (ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϦϫϱϡϳϩϬϩ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ) ϮϯϣϼϦ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϣ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϵϩϨϩϫϩ, ϶ϩϭϩϩ, ϣϩϱϴϲϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϣϯϯϱϴϧϦϮϩϪ, ϳϯ ϩϨ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϴϧϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϼϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϼ. ϋϡϫ ϯϳϭϦϸϡϦϳ ρϬϡϮ ϐϱϩϳϸϡϱϥ, ϳϦϱϭϩϮ «ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ» ϣϰϦϱϣϼϦ ϢϼϬ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮ Ϟ. ϔϩϮϥϦϭϯϭ ϖϡϬϭϯϭ ϣ 1922 Ϥϯϥϴ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϯϮ ϰϱϯϸЂϬ ϥϣϦ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϣ ϋϦϭϢϱϩϥϧϲϫϯϭ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϦ, ϣϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϩ Ͼϳϩ ϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϯϰϴϢϬϩϫϯϣϡϮϼ ϣ ϣϩϥϦ ϫϮϩϤϩ931.932 ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩЀ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩЀ ϩ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϪ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ. ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϼϲϣϦϳϩϳϽ ϯϢϺϴϿ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϩ ϤϱϡϥϩϦϮϳϼ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯ-ϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ, ϣϼЀϣϩϳϽ ϫϡϣϦϱϮϼ ϰϱϯϢϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϳϦϭϼ (ϳϴϳ, ϲϫϯϱϦϦ, ϢϯϬϦϦ 930 Pritchard A. Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics [ϒϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ?] // Journal of Documentation. – 1969. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 4. – P. 348–349. 931 Hulme E.W. Statistical bibliography in relation to the growth of modern civilization [ϒϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϱϯϲϳϡ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϷϩϣϩϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ]. – London, 1923. 932 Pritchard A. Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics [ϒϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϤϱϡϵϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ?] // Journal of Documentation. – 1969. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 4. – P. 348–349. – P. 348. § 6.24. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 447 ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϡ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ), ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϨϡϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϱϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϡ ϫ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϲϦϤϭϦϮϳϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϡϲϰϦϫϳϡϭ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϬЀ, ϣϲϫϱϼϳϽ ϩ ϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϸϦϱϦϨ Ͼϳϯ «ϵϯϳϯϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϰϯϬϦ» ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ, ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ ϯϷϦϮϫϯϪ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϡ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ Ϯϡ ϩϮϥϦϫϲϡ϶ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϳϦϪ ϩ ϫϮϩϤ, ϩ ϯϰϩϲϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϪ ϣ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ϶ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϱϦϵϦϱϦϮϳϮϼ϶ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩ϶ ϷϦϮϳϱϯϣ. ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϿϳ ϴϥϯϢϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϲϲϼϬϫϦ Ϯϡ ϫϯϥϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϩϨϭϦϱϩϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. σ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϲϯϣϰϡϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϲϬϯϣ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ933. ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ ϢϬϡϤϯϥϡϱЀ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϯϤϯ ϩϭϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϯϫϡ, ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϿ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϦϪ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ. ϒϰϦϷϩϵϩϫϡ ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϭ ϩ϶ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϩϭϴϺϦϲϳϣ, ϳϡϫ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩЀ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϼ: ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ (ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ, ϳϱϴϥϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϭϡϮϩϰϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϳϯϸϮϼϪ ϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ); ϮϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ (ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϩϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϷϦϮϳϱϼ ϲ ϱϡϨϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽϿ); ϰϱЀϭϯϪ (ϬϦϤϫϯ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ); Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϰϴϢϬϩϫϡϷϩϪ ϩ ϷϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϨϭϦϱϩϭϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϪ, ϡ ϮϦ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϱЀϦϭϼ϶ ϭϮϦϮϩϪ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ ϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ϶; ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϯϱϯϳϫϩϭ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϭ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϡϬϯϭ – ϭϦϧϥϴ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩϦϭ ϩ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ; ϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϩϱϴϦϭϯϲϳϽ (ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϮϦϢϯϬϽϹϩϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϼϦ ϮϡϢϯϱϼ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶); ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϨϼϲϫϡϮϩϪ ϬϿϥϽϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϣϯϣϬϦϸϦϮϼ, – ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦ ϰϱϯϣϯϥЀϳ ϲϣϯϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϩ, ϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϩϮϳϦϱϦϲϼ Ϯϩ ϯϥϮϯϤϯ ϩϨ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ); ϮϦϩϮϣϡϨϩϣϮϼϪ (ϮϦ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϡϮϫϦϳ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϣϽϿ; ϩ϶ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϱϯϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϰϯϣϳϯϱϮϯ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϢϡϨ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶)934. 933 Bajdor P., Starostka-Patyk M. Smart City: A Bibliometric Analysis of Conceptual Dimensions and Areas [ϔϭϮϼϪ Ϥϯϱϯϥ: ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ] // Energies. – 2021. – Vol. 14. 934 Nowak P. Bibliometria, Webometria. Podstawy. Wybrane Zastosowania [ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩЀ. Web-ϭϦϳϱϩЀ. ϏϲϮϯϣϼ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ]. – PoznaĆ (Poland): UAM, 2006. Hicks D., Albert M., Breitzman A., Cheney P. Bibliometric Analysis of Core 448 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.25. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «method of the analytic pyramid») – ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ-ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ (ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯ-ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ. ϒϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «concept of the analytic pyramid») ϩ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϦЂ ϴϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϩϬ ϙϦϱϭϡϮ ϋϦϮϳ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϢϹϩϱϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ («ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ» ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡ) ϩϨ ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϥϡϮϮϼ϶), ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϦ ϲϳϯϱϯϮ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ ϩϨ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ (ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩϪ), ϣϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ Ϯϡ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϪ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϪ ϢϴϥϴϺϦϤϯ Ϯϡ ϣϦϱϹϩϮϦ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϩϱϡϭϩϥϼ935. Papers Fundamental to Tissue Engineering [ςϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϲϳϡϳϦϪ, ϬϦϧϡϺϩ϶ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϳϫϡϮϦϣϯϪ ϩϮϧϦϮϦϱϩϩ] // <https://rdw.rowan.edu/csm_facpub/10/>. – 25.02.2002. Bajdor P., Starostka-Patyk M. Smart City: A Bibliometric Analysis of Conceptual Dimensions and Areas [ϔϭϮϼϪ Ϥϯϱϯϥ: ϢϩϢϬϩϯϭϦϳϱϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϩϨϭϦϱϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϦϪ] // Energies. – 2021. – Vol. 14. 935 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. xv. § 6.26. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ 449 § 6.26. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϪ, ϣ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϱϡϨϢϯϱϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϰϬϡϮϯϣ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϭϡϳϦϱϩϡϬϯϣ, ϩϨϥϡϮϩϪ, ϣ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ, ϣ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. υϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ϶ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϩϥϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϯϥϧϦϱϴ ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮϴ, ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϰϱϦϱϼϣϮϼϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϭ ϫϡϧϥϯϦ ϮϯϣϯϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ ϯϰϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϩϦ, ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϯϦ ϱϡϮϽϹϦ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϯϢϯϤϡϺϦϮϩϦ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦ Ϯϡ ϣϯϨϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϫϩϱϰϩϸϮϯϪ ϲϳϦϮϼ: ϫϩϱϰϩϸϩ ϣϦϱ϶ϮϦϤϯ ϱЀϥϡ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϬϯϧϦϮϼ, ϰϯϫϡ ϮϦ ϴϬϯϧϦϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϫϩϱϰϩϸϦϪ ϮϩϧϮϩ϶ ϱЀϥϯϣ; ϩ ϦϲϬϩ ϮϩϧϮϩϪ ϱЀϥ ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϣϼϬϯϧϦϮ, ϳϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ ϫϩϱϰϩϸ ϰϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϯ ϣϳϯϱϯϭ ϱЀϥϴ936. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ «ϨϡϹϩϳ» ϣ ϳϫϡϮϽ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϬϿϢϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ. ώϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ, ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϰϯϥ ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ ϣ ϲϰϦϷϩϵϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ, ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ ϬϩϷϡ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϲϳϣϦ ϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϦϣ (ϷϦϬϦϪ), ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ ϳϯϸϫϯϪ ϯϳϲϸЂϳϡ937. ϏϰϯϱϮϡЀ ϳϯϸϫϡ ϨϥϦϲϽ ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϭϡ ϲϯ ϲϳϡϱϳϯϣϯϪ ϯϰϯϱϮϯϪ ϫϯϬϯϥϫϯϪ ϥϬЀ ϮϯϤϩ ϢϦϤϴϮϡ, ϲϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϯϱϯϪ ϭϯϲϳϡ. Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϡϫϩϦ-ϳϯ ϡϫϲϩϯϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϴϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ, Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϦϿϥϩϷϩϩ, ϱϡϮϦϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϦϥЂϮϮϼϦ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϩϮϼϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϼϦ ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ, ϴϲϬϯϣϮϼϦ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ. ϋϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϪ ϳϱϡϲϲϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϬЀ «ϨϡϫϱϦϰϬϦϮϩЀ» ϥϩϨϡϪϮϡ ϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ. 936 ϖϩϬϲϭϾϮ ϑ. ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϋ.ϐ. ϒϯϮϩϮϡ ϩ Ϗ.φ. ψϩϬϽϢϦϱϢϦϱϤ. – ύ.: ωϨϥϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1957. – 191 ϲ. – ϒ. 77. 937 Dujardin Y., Chadès I. Solving multi-objective optimization problems in conservation with the reference point method [ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϱϦϰϦϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ] // <https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10. 1371/journal.pone.0190748>. 450 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϐϱϩ ϰϯϭϯϺϩ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϼ (ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ) ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϲϳϱϯϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϯϣ, ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ «ЀϫϯϱϮϼϦ» ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϡϰϰϱϯϫϲϩϭϡϷϩϩ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϲϫϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ («ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϳ», ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϬϯϤϩϫϩ) ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϦϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϡ (ϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϡ, ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϳϦϯϱϩϩ, ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ, ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.) ϣ ϫϯϮϳϩϮϴϴϭϦ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϮϯϯϢϻϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϪ. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϦϭϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϨϡϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϦϭϡЀ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ. ρϰϱϩϯϱϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϿ ϡϤϱϦϤϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϵϩϫϲϩϱϴϦϭϴϿ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϭϴϿ ϯϥϩϮ ϱϡϨ ϬϩϷϯϭ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϩϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϣ ϳϯ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϳ ϬϩϷϴ, ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϺϦϭϴ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ, ϩϳϦϱϡϳϩϣϮϯ ϩϨϭϦϮЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩЀ938. σ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ ϰϱϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϡϨϢϯϱϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ (ϣ ϩϨϢϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϯ-ϩϮϳϦϱϰϱϦϳϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϯϷϦϮϯϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϦϫϷϩϩ) ϦϤϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϣϦϱϲϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ, ϣ ϰϱϩϣЀϨϫϦ ϫ ϱϡϲϫϱϴϸϩϣϡϮϩϿ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϩ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϢϺϡЀ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϡ. σ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϯϭ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϳϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϱϯϧϦϫ. ϑϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϱϡϲϳϴϳ ϰϯ ϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ. 938 Dujardin Y., Chadès I. Solving multi-objective optimization problems in conservation with the reference point method [ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϭϮϯϤϯϫϱϩϳϦϱϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϰϳϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩ ϲϯ϶ϱϡϮϦϮϩϩ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϱϦϰϦϱϮϼ϶ ϳϯϸϦϫ] // <https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10. 1371/journal.pone.0190748>. § 6.27. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ 451 § 6.27. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ ϖϯϳϦϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϣϦϱϲϩϿ. ϓϯϭ ϋϱϴϨ ϣ ϱϯϬϩ υϧϦϫϡ ϑϩϸϦϱϡ, ϰϦϱϲϯϮϡϧϡ ϵϩϬϽϭϡ «υϧϦϫ ϑϩϸϦϱ»939. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϦϱϲϩЀϭϩ (ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analysis of competing hypotheses») – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩϪ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϪ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϣ ϱϡϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϦϲϳϴϰϬϦϮϩϪ, ϣ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. ϐϯ υϾϣϩϥϴ ϏϭϡϮϥϴ, «[ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ] ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϮϡ ϩϨ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫ. ύϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϩϩ [ϰϦϱϦϢϯϱϦ] ϣϲϦ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ (ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ) ϩ [ϰϡϱϡϬϬϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϫϱЂϲϳϮϯϪ] ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ ϩ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϲϥϦϬϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϭϩ ϯϮϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ ϰϱϩ ϣϼϢϯϱϦ ϭϦϧϥϴ Ϯϩϭϩ (Ͼϳϡ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϡ ϰϯϥ ϮϡϨϣϡϮϩϦϭ “ϲϦϬϦϫϷϩЀ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϲϬϴϧϢϼ”)»940. ϐϯ υϴϤϬϡϲϴ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮϴ, «ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϮϯϣϽ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϡЀ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϯϢϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϲϡϭϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ», ϸϳϯ ϣϬϦϸЂϳ ϰϡϤϴϢϮϼϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ941. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϰϯϥϱϯϢϮϯ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϡϣϹϦϭϴ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ, «ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ, ϰϯϭϯϤϡϿϺϩϭ ϣϼϮϯϲϩϳϽ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ, ϳϱϦϢϴϿϺϩϭ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϳϽ ϩϬϩ, ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϲϣϦϲϳϩ ϫ ϭϩϮϩϭϴϭϴ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϦϬϡϿϳ ϲϳϯϬϽ ϳϱϴϥϮϯ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϩϭϯϪ [ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϴϿ] ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϴ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϯϲϽϭϩϲϳϴϰϦϮϸϡϳϡЀ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϡ, ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ Ϯϡ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ϶ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϮϡϴϸϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱϦϮϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϬϯϣϴϹϦϫ. ωϨ-Ϩϡ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϮ 939 ϕϩϬϽϭ «υϧϦϫ ϑϩϸϦϱ» 2012 Ϥϯϥϡ ϱϦϧϩϲϲЂϱϡ ϋϱϩϲϳϯϵϦϱϡ ύϡϫϫϴϯϱϱϩ, 00:29:24. ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 69 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). 941 MacEachin D. Foreword [ϐϱϦϥϩϲϬϯϣϩϦ] // Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. x. 940 452 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϲϰϯϱϮϼ϶ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϶ϯϳЀϳ ϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬϽϮϼϪ ϲϬϦϥ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϬϩ ϩ ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϰϱϩϹϬϩ ϫ ϲϣϯϦϭϴ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϿ. ϑϡϢϯϳϡЀ Ϯϡϥ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϯ ϲϴϳϩ, ϣϼϢϩϱϡϿϳ ϯϥϮϴ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ. ϋϡϫϯϦ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϭ? ϋϡϫϯϪ ϩϨ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϭ? … ϓϦϱϭϩϮ “ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ” ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϲϡϭϯϭ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϣϯϥ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϩϳϽ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ. ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ЀϣϮϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϬ ϣϲϦ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϼϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ ϩ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϬ Ϣϼ ϳϡϫϯϣϼϦ ϣ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϷϩϩ ϥϱϴϤ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϯϭ Ϩϡ ϢϬϡϤϯϲϫϬϯϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϡ ϮϦ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯ ϯϥϮϯϪ. ϒϰϯϲϯϢ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϣϯϩϭ ϥϦϬϯϭ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϯϮϩ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯ ϰϯϥϯϨϱϦϣϡϿϳ, ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϭ ϯϳϣϦϳϯϭ, ϡ ϨϡϳϦϭ ϩϨϴϸϩϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϴϰϮϴϿ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ ϲ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϳ Ϭϩ ϯϮϡ Ͼϳϯϳ ϯϳϣϦϳ. φϲϬϩ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϳ ϩϨϬϿϢϬϦϮϮϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯ϶ϬϯϰϼϣϡϿϳ ϲϦϢЀ ϰϯ ϰϬϦϸϴ “σϩϥϩϳϦ, Ѐ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ Ͼϳϯ ϨϮϡϬ!”) ϩ ϮϦ ϲϭϯϳϱЀϳ ϥϡϬϽϹϦ. φϲϬϩ Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ, ϯϮϩ ϬϩϢϯ ϯϳϣϦϱϤϡϿϳ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϫϡϫ ϣϣϯϥЀϺϦϦ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϬϩϢϯ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϿϳ ϥϱϴϤϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ ϩ ϲϮϯϣϡ ϰϯϣϳϯϱЀϿϳ ϳϴ ϧϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϴ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ Ͼϳϯ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϦϪ. ϔϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϦϮϩϦ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϣϼϢϯϱ ϰϦϱϣϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϫϡϧϦϳϲЀ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ, ϣϭϦϲϳϯ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϦϱϦϢϩϱϡϳϽ ϣϲϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ϶ ϮϡϩϬϴϸϹϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ύϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, Ϯϯ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϥϮϯ ϬϴϸϹϦϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ. ϏϲϮϯϣϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϡϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϭ Ϯϡ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ϶ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϥϩϳϽ ϯϥϮϴ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϴϿ ϯϮϩ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϪ, ϯϮϩ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϣϦϥϦϮϼ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϳϦϭ ϵϡϫϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϡϫ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϩ϶ ϳϯϸϫϴ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ. ϏϮϩ ϮϦ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϴϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϥϱϴϤϩϭϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϩϬϩ ϣϼϣϯϥϡϭϩ ϩ ϸϳϯ Ͼϳϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϩ ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϼ. ϏϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϡЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϡ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϩ϶ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϳϱϴϥϮϡ. ϔϥϦϱϧϡϳϽ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϪ ϰϡϭЀϳϩ ϯϳ ϳϱЂ϶ ϥϯ ϰЀϳϩ ϩϬϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϥϯ ϲϦϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϩ ϯϳϭϦϳϩϳϽ, ϫϡϫ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϣϰϩϲϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϫϡϧϥϴϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϣϼ϶ϯϥϩϳ Ϩϡ ϱϡϭϫϩ ϴϭϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϡ ϬϿϥϦϪ. Ϟϳϯ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϸϦϭ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϯϥϮϴ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϴ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϢϼϬϡ ϨϡϱϡϮϦϦ ϯϷϦϮϦϮϡ ϫϡϫ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϪ ϯϳϣϦϳ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϲ ϰϯϭϯϺϽϿ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ», ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϭϼϭ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ… ϓϱϩ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϿϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ § 6.27. ύϦϳϯϥ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ 453 ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϯϳ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: 1) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϰϯϬϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϢϯϱϡ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϡ ϮϦ ϲ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϪ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϼ, ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϩϺϦϳ; Ͼϳϯ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ ϰϯϬϴϸϡϳ ϱϡϣϮϯϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϰϱϡϣϦϥϬϩϣϴϿ “ϣϲϳϱЀϲϫϴ”; 2) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϦϳ ϩ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϴϿ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ; ϣ ϳϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϳϴϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϳϯϳ ϵϡϫϳ, ϸϳϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϯϦ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯϤϬϡϲϯϣϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡϭϩ, ϱϦϥϫϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ЀϣϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϦ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ; 3) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϰϯϩϲϫ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϯϰϱϯϣϦϱϤϡϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ; ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϪ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϯϪ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϳϡ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϭϦϮϽϹϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ, ϡ ϮϦ ϳϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣ ϣ ϦЂ ϰϯϬϽϨϴ. ύϦϳϯϥ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϴϦϳ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϯϣϯϥЀ ϸϦϱϦϨ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϪ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ, ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϿϺϩϪ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϬϯϣϴϹϦϫ»942. 942 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. 95–96, 108–109. 454 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.28. ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϾϳϡϰϮϯϪ ϣϼϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϩ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϩ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ ϯ ϥϩϲϰϯϨϩϷϩЀ϶, ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ϶ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ϶ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. ϑϦϹϦϮϩϦ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ – ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϯϦ ЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϯ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϯϢϬϡϲϳЀ϶ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣ ϮϡϴϫϦ943 ϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϴ, ϰϯ Ϟ.ό. ϐϱϦϲϭϡϮϴ ϩ ω.ύ. ϒϯϮϩϮϴ, «ϮϦϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼϭ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϩ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀϭ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϩϰϩϲϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣϦϲϡ (“ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ”), ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ (ϰϱϩϮЀϳϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ) ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϴϲϱϦϥϮϦϮϩЀ ϰϯ Ͼϳϩϭ ϡϰϱϩϯϱϮϼϭ ϣϦϲϡϭ ϰϯϳϦϱϽ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϫ ϮϦϲЂϳ ϰϱϩ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϭ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϩ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϡ944. ϐϯ υϾϣϩϥϴ ϏϭϡϮϥϴ, ϢϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϴϲϬϯϣϮϴϿ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ (ϣ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϿ), ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϯϳ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϫ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ. ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϣϼϣϯϥ ϰϯϭϯϤϡϦϳ Ϯϡϭ ϰϦϱϦϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϣϦϱϼ ϣ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϬϩϢϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯ ϰϱϩ ϮϡϹϦϭ ϨϮϡϫϯϭϲϳϣϦ ϲ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϿϺϩϭϩ ϦϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϡϭϩ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ ϥϡϧϦ ϳϯϤϥϡ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϴ Ϯϡϲ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϲϴϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϦ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϦ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϪ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ. ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϳ ϫϯϱϱϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϫϴ ϮϡϹϦϪ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϦϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϩЀ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ, ϸϳϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϣϡϦϳ ϡϰϯϲϳϦϱϩϯϱϮϴϿ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϥϯϣϦϱϩЀ ϫ ϮϦϪ («ϡϰϯϲϳϦϱϩϯϱϮϼϪ» ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ «ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼϪ Ϯϡ ϯϰϼϳϦ»). ϋϬϿϸ ϫ ϾϳϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡ: ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϡ Ϯϡ ϲϡϭϯϭ ϥϦϬϦ ϢϼϬϡ ϣϦϱϮϡ, ϮϡϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϲϭϯϤϬϩ Ϣϼ ϴϣϩϥϦϳϽ Ͼϳϩ ϵϡϫϳϼ? φϲϬϩ ϭϼ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϭ, ϸϳϯ ϵϡϫϳϼ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϩϲϳϩϮϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϼ, ϳϯ ϭϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϴϲϩϬϩϳϽ ϮϡϹϦ ϥϯϣϦϱϩϦ ϫ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨϦ945. 943 ύϯϱϱϩϲ ϔ.ϓ. ώϡϴϫϡ ϯϢ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ: ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. Ϗ.σ. ϑϦϥϽϫϩϮϯϪ; ϰϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ω.ϕ. ϙϡ϶ϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ύϩϱ, 1971. – 304 ϲ. – ϒ. 15. 944 ϐϱϦϲϭϡϮ Ϟ.ό., ϒϯϮϩϮ ω.ύ. ϐϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϰϯ ϮϦϰϯϬϮϼϭ ϥϡϮϮϼϭ: ςϡϪϦϲϯϣϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ. – ύ.: ώϡϴϫϡ, 1982. – 256 ϲ. – ϒ. 13. 945 ϏϭϡϮϥ υ. ϐϱϩϷϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ: ϐϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϩϫϡϭ ϢϱϩϳϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϲϰϦϷϲϬϴϧϢ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. σ. ςϡϱϯϮϩϮϡ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2022. – 374 ϲ. – ϒ. 28– 31 (ϰϯ ϵϡϪϬϴ ϾϬ. ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϡ). § 6.29. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ 455 § 6.29. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «linchpin analysis method»946, ϥϯϲϬϯϣϮϯ – «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϸϦϫϩ ϫϯϬϦϲϡ») – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϿϺϩϪ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϴϦϭϯϦ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϲ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϯϱϯϪ Ϯϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϿ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϥϳϣϦϱϧϥϡϦϭϯ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϪ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϡЀ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ (ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϼ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϳ ϫϡϫ «ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ»). ϐϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ, ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼϪ «ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϯϭ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «linchpin analysis»), ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϡϹЂϬ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ϶ υϴϤϬϡϲϡ ύϡϫϩϸϩϮϡ947.948 ϋϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮ ϥϬЀ ϭϩϮϩϭϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ. ώϡϨϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮ Ϯϡ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϳ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϦϭϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϩϫϡ) ϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϯϢϯϨϮϡϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ «ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ». ϘϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ ϲ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽϿ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϴϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϦ ϣϬϩЀϿϺϩ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ, ϫϡϫ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ, ϲ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϣϯϨϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϩϲ϶ϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϮϦ ϶ϣϡϳϡϦϳ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϾϭϰϩϱϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. Ϟϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϦϳ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϲϯ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϭϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡϭϩ, 946 σ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϮϼ϶ (Ϯϡ ϱϴϲϲϫϩϪ ЀϨϼϫ) ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϡ϶ Ͼϳϯϳ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϩϭϦϮϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ «ϭϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ». ϒϭ., ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ: φϱϦϭϩϮ σ.σ., ϒϦϬϦϣϩϸ ϓ.ϒ. ύϡϱϫϦϳϩϮϤϯϣϼϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ: ϫϯϮϫϴϱϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϨ: ϔϸϦϢϮϯϦ ϰϯϲϯϢϩϦ / ϓϯϭϲϫϩϪ ϰϯϬϩϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳ. – ϓϯϭϲϫ: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϓϯϭϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϬϩϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϩϳϦϳϡ, 2009. – 200 ϲ. – ϒ. 165. ώϯ ϣ ϫϯϭϭϦϮϳϡϱϩЀ϶ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϥϡϿϳϲЀ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϦϮϩЀ, ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϤϯϣϯϱЀ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϦϳϯϥϴ ϥϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϳϦϯϱϦϭ) «ϯϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ». ω ϣ ϡϮϤϬϩϪϲϫϯϭ ЀϨϼϫϦ ϴϲϳϯЀϣϹϦϦϲЀ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ «ϭϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϯϳ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ» Ϩϣϴϸϩϳ ϩϮϡϸϦ. 947 MacEachin D.J. The Tradecraft of Analysis: Challenge and Change in the CIA [ύϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ: ϣϼϨϯϣϼ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϼ ϣ ϗϑϔ] / Working Group on Intelligence Reform papers. – Washington (D.C., USA): Consortium for the Study of Intelligence, 1994. – 43 p. 948 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. – P. xvii–xix. 456 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩϭϩ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ, ϣ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϩ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϣϼϲϯϫϡЀ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϽ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ949. ύϦϳϯϥ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϭϩ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϡϭϩ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϹϡϤϩ: ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϼϦ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ ϩϬϩ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϰϦϱϦϭϦϮϮϼϦ (ϥϣϩϧϴϺϩϦ ϲϩϬϼ), ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ; ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϱϡϢϯϸϩϦ ϥϯϰϴϺϦϮϩЀ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϫϡϫ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼϦ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϼ; ϣϼϥϣϩϮϴϳϽ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϣ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϴ ϨϡϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϱϯϣ; ϩϲϫϬϿϸϩϳϽ ϬϿϢϼϦ ϩϮϥϩϫϡϳϯϱϼ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϦϬϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ ϮϦϮϡϥЂϧϮϼϭϩ; ϨϡϥϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭϩ, ϫϡϫϩϦ ϥϱϡϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϲϯϢϼϳϩЀ ϩϬϩ ϳϱϩϤϤϦϱϼ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϢϱϡϳϩϳϽ ϣϲϰЀϳϽ ϯϧϩϥϡϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ950. 949 Linchpin Analysis [ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϳϦϱϧϮϦϣϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ] // <https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/b usiness-and-competitive/9780133086416/ch19.html>. Intelligence and the national security strategist: Enduring issues and challenges [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ: ϮϦϰϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϣϼϨϯϣϼ] / Edited by Roger Z. George and Robert D. Kline. – New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. – xx; 596 p. – P. 300. 950 Intelligence and the national security strategist: Enduring issues and challenges [ϑϡϨϣϦϥϫϡ ϩ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ: ϮϦϰϱϦ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϣϼϨϯϣϼ] / Edited by Roger Z. George and Robert D. Kline. – New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. – xx; 596 p. – P. 316. Davis J. Changes in Analytic Tradecraft in CIA's Directorate of Intelligence // Product Evaluation Staff/Directorate of Intelligence. – April 1995, 8. § 6.30. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϤϯ Ϲϳϴϱϭϡ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ 457 § 6.30. ύϦϳϯϥϼ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϤϯ Ϲϳϴϱϭϡ ϩ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «synectique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «synectics») – ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ (Ϥϱϴϰϰϯϣϼ϶) ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϭϯϥϦϱϮϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϭϯϥϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϤϯ Ϲϳϴϱϭϡ. ϐϯ Ϗ.ρ. ςϦϬϽϫϯϣϴ, «ϭϯϨϤϯϣϡЀ ϡϳϡϫϡ, ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϪ Ϲϳϴϱϭ – ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ Ϯϯϣϼ϶ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶, ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϩϥϦϪ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. υϬЀ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϪ ϡϳϡϫϩ ϰϯϥϢϩϱϡϦϳϲЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϱϩϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ. ωϭ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϦ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϯ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϮϦϯϱϥϩϮϡϱϮϼ϶. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϯϢϬϿϥϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϬϮϼϪ ϨϡϰϱϦϳ Ϯϡ ϫϱϩϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϬϿϢϴϿ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ) ϯϷϦϮϫϴ ϣϼϲϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϼ϶ ϩϥϦϪ. ψϡϳϦϭ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ, ϣ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϼϲϳϴϰϡϳϽ ϩ ϴϸϡϲϳϮϩϫϩ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϪ ϡϳϡϫϩ, ϡϮϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϳ ϣϲϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϮϼϦ ϩϥϦϩ, ϯϳϢϩϱϡϦϳ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϴϥϡϸϮϼϦ ϩ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϳ ϩ϶ ϣ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϬϯϧϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϼ Ϯϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϦ. ύϯϨϤϯϣϡЀ ϡϳϡϫϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϭ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϮϯϤϯ ϯϷϦϮϩϣϡϮϩЀ, ϯϥϮϩϭ ϩϨ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩϪ ϦЂ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ»951. ϏϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϯϣ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϔϩϬϽЀϭ υϧ. τϯϱϥϯϮ ϳϡϫ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϬ: «ϒϬϯϣϯ “ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϡ” ϣ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϦ ϲ ϤϱϦϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϦ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϩ, Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϣϼϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ, ϮϦ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ ϥϱϴϤ ϫ ϥϱϴϤϴ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ. ϓϦϯϱϩЀ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϡ ϫ ϯϢϻϦϥϩϮϦϮϩϿ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ ϣ Ϥϱϴϰϰϴ, ϨϡϮϩϭϡϿϺϴϿϲЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϰϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϱϦϥϲϯϨϮϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϰϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ, ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ. ϗϦϬϽϿ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϡ ϣ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ. Ϟϳϯ ϴϣϦϬϩϸϦϮϩϦ ϹϡϮϲϯϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϰϱϯϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϩϪϳϩ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭ, ϯϢϬϡϥϡϿϺϩϭ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϮϯϣϩϨϮϯϪ. (ώϯϣϩϨϮϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϣ ϳϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϯϪ ϯϮϡ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϴϮϩϣϦϱϲϡϬϽϮϯϪ. ϒϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϴϨϦϬ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ Ϯϯϣϼϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϯϭ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϪ ϰϱϩϢϯϱ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϬϴϸϹϦ, Ϯϯ Ͼϳϯϳ ϴϨϦϬ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϮϦϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ Ϯϩ ϫ ϫϡϫϯϭϴ ϥϱϴϤϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϢϯϱϴ. ϓϱϡϮϨϩϲϳϯϱ ϧϦ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭ ϫ Ϲϩϱϯϫϯϭϴ ϫϱϴϤϴ Ϩϡϥϡϸ). ωϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϦϮϯ ϳϦϭ, ϸϳϯ, Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϭ, ϯϮ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϫϦ. ϓϱϡϥϩϷϩϯϮϮϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϲϳϵϡϫϳϴϭ – ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϥϬЀ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϦϮϩЀ. ώϯ ϫϯϤϥϡ 951 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϱϦϥϡϫϷϩϦϪ ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 70–71. 458 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮ, ϸϳϯ ϳϡϭ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϮϡϢϬϿϥϡϳϽ? σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮЀϳϡ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ ϩϨϴϸϩϳϽ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϣ ϦϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϩϮϡϭϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶, ϣ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϳϦϫϡϮϩЀ… “ϏϫϮϯ”, ϯϳϫϱϼϣϡϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϣ ϭϯϨϤ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ, ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϢϦϲϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϭ, ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϸϳϯ ϯ ϭϯϨϤϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϣϩϥϩϭ. ϐϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϲϰϯϲϯϢ ϴϨϮϡϳϽ ϯ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ϶ – ϰϯϰϼϳϡϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϯϮϩϫϮϴϳϽ ϣ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϮϼϦ, ϮϦϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ, ϲϣϯϢϯϥϮϯϡϲϲϯϷϩϡϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϷϦϰϷϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϳϦϫϡϿϳ ϰϯϥ ϡϱϳϩϫϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϰϯϣϦϱ϶ϮϯϲϳϮϼϭϩ ЀϣϬϦϮϩЀϭϩ»952. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϩϮϲϦϮϳϴ ώϯϬϡϮϴ, ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϡϢϯϱ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϲϰϦϹϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϣ ϱϡϨϬϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶, ϬϩϢϯ ϣ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϪ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ (ϫϡϫ ϣ ϯϱϩϤϩϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϭϯϥϦϬϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϦϳϦϮϩЀ), ϬϩϢϯ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯ, ϣ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. σ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϦ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ, ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϣ ϰϦϱϩϯϥ ϯϳϬϯϧϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ (ϰϯ϶ϯϧϦϤϯ Ϯϡ ϭϯϨϤϯϣϯϪ Ϲϳϴϱϭ, Ϯϯ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ), ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϦ ϳϯϸϫϩ ϥϬЀ ϥϡϬϽϮϦϪϹϦϤϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩЀ, ϡ ϮϦ ϫϡϫ ϤϯϳϯϣϼϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϼ ϩϬϩ ϯϳϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϼ. ω϶ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ «ϳϱϡϭϰϬϩϮϡϭϩ»: ϯϮϩ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϼϭϩ ϳϯϸϫϡϭϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϫϯϮϦϸϮϼϭϩ (ϫϡϫ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϯ). ϐϯ ϯϫϯϮϸϡϮϩϩ ЀϣϮϯ ϥϩϣϦϱϤϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩЀ ϳϱϡϭϰϬϩϮϯϣ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϩ ϰϦϱϦ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϴ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϳ ϩϨϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϯϣϼϦ, Ϯϯ ϮϦϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϭϼϦ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϼ ϣ ϮϯϣϼϦ ϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϭϼϦ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ. υϬЀ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϿϺϩϪ ϳϩϰ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϮϦϲϦϮϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫϯϭ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ϒϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϯ ϱϡϨϣϩϳϩϩ – Ͼϳϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϦ, ϰϱϦϥϣϡϱϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϳ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϬϩ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϰϱϩϣϬϦϫϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϣ ϩϥϦϦ, ϩ ϥϡϬϦϦ ϣϼϱϡϧϡϦϳ ϦЂ ϤϬϡϣϮϼϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϫ ϫϡϫ «ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ». σ Ͼϳϯϭ, ϫϡϨϡϬϯϲϽ Ϣϼ, ϰϱϯϲϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϣϡ ϣϡϧϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ: ϰϦϱϣϼϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϯϨϩϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϡϫϷϦϮϳ Ϯϡ Ϯϡ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϩ, ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϦ, ϣϲϦϤϯ ϷϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϣ ϩϥϦϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϥϦЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ, ϢϴϥϦϳ ϣϯϲϰϱϩϮЀϳϡ ϰϯϬϯϧϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ, ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡЀ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϼϪ ϫϬϩϭϡϳ, ϲϯϨϥϡϮϮϼϪ ϰϦϱϣϯϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϳϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼϭ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϦϭ. ϐϱϩ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩϩ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ ϮϦϳ ϱϩϲϫϡ ϯϳϫϡϨϡ. σϳϯϱϯϪ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϣ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϬЀ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ. ϐϴϳЂϭ ϰϱϯϥϯϬϧϦϮϩЀ ϩϳϦϱϡϷϩϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϩϥϦЀϭϩ ϩ ϩ϶ ϫϯϮϲϳϱϴϫϳϩϣϮϼϭϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϡϭϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϤϡϦϳϲЀ (ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϯ) ϫ ϫϴϱϲϴ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ Ϯϯϣϼϭ ϩ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϩϭϼϭ953. 952 Gordon W.J.J. Synectics: The Development of Creative Capacity [ϑϡϨϣϩϳϩϦ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϡ]. – New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. – xi; 180 p. – P. 3. 953 Nolan V. Whatever Happened to Synectics? [Ϙϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϩϬϯϲϽ ϲ ϲϩϮϦϫϳϩϫϯϪ?] // Creativity and Innovation Management. – 2003. – Vol. 12. – ࠪ 1. – P. 24–27. – P. 24. § 6.31. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 459 § 6.31. ύϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯ-ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϴ ϖϯϪϦϱϴ-ϭϬ., ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «situation-logical analysis», «situation logic») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϧϩϭϯϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϦϳϲЀ ϲ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϲ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϩЀ Ϲϩϱϯϫϩ϶ ϯϢϯϢϺϦϮϩϪ, ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϡϮϡϬϯϤϩϸϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ. σ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϩ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϯϮϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϡϫ ϦϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϡЀ ϣ ϲϣϯЂϭ ϱϯϥϦ, ϰϯϾϳϯϭϴ ϰϱϦϨϿϭϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϦЂ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϦЂ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϬϯϤϩϫϩ, ϡ ϮϦ ϫϡϫ ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϹϩϱϯϫϯϤϯ ϫϬϡϲϲϡ ϲϯϰϯϲϳϡϣϩϭϼ϶ ϲϯϢϼϳϩϪ. ώϡϸϩϮϡЀ ϲ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϼ϶ ϵϡϫϳϯϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϯϲϮϯϣϼϣϡЀϲϽ Ϯϡ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϭϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϴϮϩϫϡϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϩϬ, ϥϦϪϲϳϣϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϩ ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϭϦϲϳϦ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϩϳϽ “ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϩϫϯϣ” ϩϬϩ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ ϾϳϯϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ. ϑϡϨϱϡϢϡϳϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϲϷϦϮϡϱϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϲϫϬϡϥϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϱϡϣϥϯϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϰϯϣϦϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϦ; ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϳϽ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϳϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϧϥϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϼ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ, ϩϬϩ ϣ ϰϱЀϭϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϯϷϦϮϩϳϽ ϢϴϥϴϺϩϪ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳ. ϒϩϳϴϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϬϯϤϩϫϡ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϵϯϫϴϲϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ Ϯϡ ϯϳϲϬϦϧϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϮϯ-ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϣЀϨϦϪ, ϩϬϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϱϦϸϽ ϩϥЂϳ ϯ ϷϦϬϦϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϭ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩϩ, ϲϣЀϨϦϪ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϩ ϷϦϬЀϭϩ. ϐϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϰϱϦϲϬϦϥϴϦϭϼϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϩ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϦϳ, ϰϯϸϦϭϴ ϳϦ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϦ ϡϫϳϯϱϼ ϲϸϩϳϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϦ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϳ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϷϦϬϦϪ954. 954 Heuer, jr. R.J. Strategies for Analytical Judgment [ϒϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ] // Studies in Intelligence. – 1981. – Vol. 25. – ࠪ 2. – P. 65–78. – P. 69. 460 τόρσρ 6. ώϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 6.32. ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «analyse morphologique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «morphological analysis») – Ͼϳϯ ϯϥϩϮ ϩϨ ϯϢϺϦϮϡϴϸϮϼ϶ ϩ ϯϢϺϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϥϬЀ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϭϮϯϤϯϭϦϱϮϯϪ, ϮϦ ϰϯϥϥϡϿϺϦϪϲЀ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ – ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϥϬЀ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϯϣ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ / ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϫϯϣ). ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϳϯ ϣ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϦ, ϸϳϯ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϰϯϥϣϦϱϤϮϴϳϽϲЀ ϯϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϩϿ. ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϯϰϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ «ϵϯϱϭϦ». ϏϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϩϦ ϬϩϢϯ ϭϦϮЀϦϳ ϲϣϯϪϲϳϣϡ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϬϩϢϯ ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϩ϶ ϰϱϦϧϮϩϭϩ. ϐϱϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϩϩ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϵϯϱϭϼ ϦϪ ϰϱϩϥϡЂϳϲЀ ϲϳϡϳϴϲ «ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ». ϐϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϣ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϿ ϨϡϬϯϧϦϮϡ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϰϯϥϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ ϵϯϱϭϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϲϡϭϯϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϢϦϨϯϳϮϯϲϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ ϵϯϱϭϼ955. ϑϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϸϩϫϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ ϲϸϩϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϕϱϩϷ ϗϣϩϫϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϳϡϫ ϦϤϯ ϯϢϻЀϲϮЀϬ: «ύϼ ϢϴϥϦϭ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϳϽ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϦϪ ϩϨϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϼ϶ ϨϡϫϯϮϯϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϣϦϺϦϪ… ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϷϦϬϦϮ Ϯϡ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϿ ϣϲϦ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϬϿϢϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϫϡϨϡϳϽ ϰϴϳϽ ϫ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ»956; «ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϸϳϯ ϩϮϯϦ, ϫϡϫ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϮϼϪ ϣϨϤϬЀϥ Ϯϡ ϣϦϺϩ. φϥϩϮϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϮϯϣϹϦϲϳϣϯ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϭϼ ϰϱϦϥϬϡϤϡϦϭ, ϨϡϫϬϿϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϣϦϲϳϩ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϥϯ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϯϢϺϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϮϦ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϦϳϲЀ. ώϡϹϡ ϷϦϬϽ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϥϯϲϳϩϸϽ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ ϣϲϦ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϱϴϰϮϯϭϡϲϹϳϡϢϮϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. φϲϳϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϮϦ ϣϲϦ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϭϼ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϴϦϭ, ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϣϯ ϣϲϦ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬЀ϶. ωϨ-Ϩϡ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩϪ ϰϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣϼϢϯϱ, ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϸϳϦϮϩϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϳϥϡϮϯ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀϭ. ϏϥϮϡϫϯ ϰϱϩ ϮϡϬϩϸϩϩ ϯϢϺϦϪ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣϼ Ͼϳϯϳ ϣϼϢϯϱ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϱϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϸϮϼϭ, ϸϦϭ ϰϱϩ ϢϦϲϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ Ϯϡϥ ϳϦϭ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼϭ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ. ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ, ϮϦ Ϣϴϥϴϸϩ ϲϳϱϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϼϭ, ϵϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϰϱϩϭϦϮЀϬϯϲϽ ϭϮϯϤϩϭϩ ϴϸЂϮϼϭϩ ϣ ϰϱϯϹϬϯϭ… ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ: 1. ϕϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϴϦϳϲЀ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ; Ͼϳϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ, ϥϬЀ ϮϡϸϡϬϡ, 955 ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϲϬϯϣϡϱϽ / ϐϯϥ ϯϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ώ. ϋϯϰϳϦϣϡ. – ύ.: ρϲϲϯϷϩϡϷϩЀ «ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», 2015. – 132 ϲ. – ϒ. 71. 956 Zwicky F. Morphological Astronomy [ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϩЀ]. – Berlin: Springer, 1957. – iv; 299 p. – P. 7, 1. § 6.32. ύϦϳϯϥ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ 461 ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϯϢϺϦϪ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϴϥϯϣϬϦϳϣϯϱϩϳϽ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϡ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ Ϧϭϴ ϹϩϱϯϫϩϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ. ϒ ϥϱϴϤϯϪ ϲϳϯϱϯϮϼ, ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϮϯϪ, ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ ϭϦϳϯϥϡ, ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤ ϯϢϯϢϺϡϦϳ ϩϲ϶ϯϥϮϴϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϴ ϩ ϰϼϳϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϦЂ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ… 2. υϦϬϡϦϳϲЀ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϡ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϯϣϯϫϴϰϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϥϰϡϥϡϿϺϩ϶ ϰϯϥ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϡϦϭϴϿ ϫϡϳϦϤϯϱϩϿ, Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϩϦ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϣ ϳϦϱϭϩϮϡ϶ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼ϶ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϩ [ϰϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ] ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϡϱϡϭϦϳϱϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ… 3. ϓϱϦϳϩϪ Ͼϳϡϰ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϦ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϩϲϳϩϫ ϣϲϦ϶ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ, ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϰϱϦϥϼϥϴϺϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ. ψϥϦϲϽ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϭϦϳϯϥ ϲϳϱϦϭϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϯϷϦϮϫϦ ϣϲϦ϶ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϯϣ Ϯϡ ϯϲϮϯϣϦ ϯϢϯϢϺЂϮϮϼ϶ ϳϦϯϱϦϭ, ϡ ϮϦ ϩϮϥϩϣϩϥϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ… 4. ψϡϫϬϿϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϪ Ͼϳϡϰ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϲϣЀϨϡϮ ϲ Ϩϡϰϱϯϲϯϭ Ϯϡ ϰϱЀϭϯϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϦ. Ϟϳϯ ϯϨϮϡϸϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ ϰϱϦϥϹϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϨϡ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϣϲϦϱϽЂϨ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϿϳϲЀ ϹϡϤϩ ϰϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϩϿ ϩ ϾϫϲϰϬϴϡϳϡϷϩϩ ϣϲϦ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϣ ϭϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϯϢϻЂϭϦ. ψϥϦϲϽ, ϯϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϯϤϱϡϮϩϸϦϮϩЀ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϩ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϪ ϲϩϬϼ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϣϼϢϯϱϡ. Ϟϳϯϳ ϣϼϢϯϱ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ, ϳϦϰϦϱϽ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ, ϲ ϴϸЂϳϯϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϧϦϬϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ»957. 957 Zwicky F. Morphological Astronomy [ύϯϱϵϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϡϲϳϱϯϮϯϭϩЀ] // The Observatory. – 1948, Aug. – Vol. 68. – ࠪ 845. – P. 121–143. – P. 121, 123–125. τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 462 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 7.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭϩ) § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 7.3. ψϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡϭϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 7.4. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϦϥϴϢϦϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ § 7.5. ϋϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϴЀϨϣϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ «ϋϯϤϥϡ ϸϳϯ-ϳϯ ϰϯϹϬϯ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ…» § 7.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭϩ) ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϐϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϣ ϑϯϲϲϩϩ ϣ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϦ. ω ϰϯ ϢϯϬϽϹϦϪ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϳϦ ϰϱϯЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ϶, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϭϡϱϫϩϱϴϿϳ ϫϡϫ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ, ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ, ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϥϭϦϳϯϭ (ϣ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϲϭϼϲϬϦ) ϩϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϤϯϲϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. σ ϲϵϦϱϦ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϰϯϥϭϦϮϼ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϲϫϯϪ, ϣϯϦϮϮϯ-ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ, ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϲϣϯϥЀϳϲЀ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϫ ϭϮϩϭϯ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϫϡϭ – ϲϬϡϪϥϡϭ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ, ϣ ϢϯϬϽϹϩϮϲϳϣϦ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϣ ϰϯ ϵϡϫϳϴ ϮϦ ϮϦϲϴϺϩϭ ϣ ϲϦϢϦ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϯϤϯ, ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩЀ, ϡ ϰϯϱϯϿ ϥϡϧϦ ϩ ϲϭϼϲϬϡ. σ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϹϳϡϢϮϯϪ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϦ, ϴϣϼ, ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ ϴϫϯϱϦϮϩϬϡϲϽ ϲϳϱϡϲϳϽ ϫ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭ PowerPoint (ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϴϰϱϦϸϮϯϪ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϼ «ϮϦ ϢϼϳϽ, ϡ ϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ»), ϣ ϳϺϦϳϮϯϪ, ЀϣϮϯ ϮϦ ϯϰϱϡϣϥϡϣϹϦϪϲЀ ϮϡϥϦϧϥϦ Ϯϡ ϴϰϱϯϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϴϰϯϱЀϥϯϸϦϮϩϦ ϯϳϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϤϯ ϩ ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϩϱϡ ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ. Tϯϭϡϲ ϖϡϭϭϦϲ ϮϡϨϣϡϬ Ͼϳϯ ϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϦ ϰϯϣϦϳϱϩϦ «ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϬϡϪϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ»958. ω Ͼϳϡ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϲϫϯϱϦϦ – ϩϭϩϳϡϷϩϩ ϳϡϫϯϣϯϪ) ϩϭϦϦϳ ϭϦϲϳϯ ϣ ϲϡϭϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϼ϶ ϲϳϱϡϮϡ϶. ϋϡϫ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϿ-ϰϱϩϭϦϱ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡ, «ϣϼϹϦϥϹϦϤϯ ϩϨ-ϰϯϥ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ», ϫϯϤϥϡ, «ϰϯϥϯϢϮϯ ϰϯϣϲϳϡϮϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϥϣϩϧϦϮϩϿ, PowerPoint ϰϱϯϮϩϫ ϣ ϰϯϣϲϦϥϮϦϣϮϴϿ ϧϩϨϮϽ ϣϯϦϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϩϫϯϣ ϩ ϥϯϲϳϩϤ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϮϡϣЀϨϸϩϣϯϪ ϩϥϦϩ», ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϪ ϲϬϴϸϡϪ. ϋϯϤϥϡ ϤϦϮϦϱϡϬϴ ϒϳϾϮϬϩ ρ. ύϡϫϫϱϩϲϳϡϬϴ, 958 Hammes T.X. Essay: Dumb-dumb bullets [ϞϲϲϦ: ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϤϬϴϰϼϦ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϼ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ] // <http://armedforcesjournal.com/essay-dumb-dumb-bullets/>. – 01.07.2009. § 7.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭϩ) 463 ϫϯϭϡϮϥϴϿϺϦϭϴ ϲϩϬϡϭϩ ϒϙρ ϩ ώρϓϏ ϣ ρϵϤϡϮϩϲϳϡϮϦ, ϬϦϳϯϭ 2009 Ϥϯϥϡ ϣ ϋϡϢϴϬϦ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϬϩ ϲ϶Ϧϭϴ (ϲϬϡϪϥ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ PowerPoint – ϱϩϲ. 7-1), ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ ϥϯϬϧϮϡ ϢϼϬϡ ϰϱϯϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϒϙρ, Ϯϯ ϫϯϳϯϱϡЀ, ϰϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϦϪ, ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϯ϶ϯϥϩϬϡ Ϯϡ «ϳϡϱϦϬϫϴ ϲϰϡϤϦϳϳϩ» ϩ ϣϼϨϣϡϬϡ ϶ϯ϶ϯϳ ϣϲϦ϶ ϰϱϩϲϴϳϲϳϣϯϣϡϣϹϩ϶ ϣ ϨϡϬϦ, ϒ.ρ. ύϡϫϫϱϩϲϳϡϬ ЀϨϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϭϦϳϩϬ: «ϋϡϫ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϭϼ ϲϴϭϦϦϭ ϰϯϮЀϳϽ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ Ͼϳϯϭ ϲϬϡϪϥϦ, ϭϼ ϣϼϩϤϱϡϦϭ ϣϯϪϮϴ», ϦϺЂ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϯϥϮЀϣ Ϥϱϡϥϴϲ ϣϲϦϯϢϺϦϤϯ ϣϦϲϦϬϽЀ ϣ ϨϡϬϦ959. ϑϩϲ. 7-1. ϔϰϯϭЀϮϴϳϡЀ «ϲϰϡϤϦϳϳϩ»-ϲ϶Ϧϭϡ ϣ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϦ PowerPoint, ЀϫϯϢϼ, ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϡЀ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϳϽ «ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϩ ϒϙρ ϣ ρϵϤϡϮϩϲϳϡϮϦ»960. ύϼ Ϯϩ ϣ ϫϯϦϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ ϮϦ ϯϳϱϩϷϡϦϭ, ϡ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϦϭ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϦ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϬϴϸϦϮϮϼ϶ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ, Ϯϯ ϫ Ͼϳϯϭϴ ϣϼϹϦϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩЀ ϮϦ ϩϭϦϦϳ ϮϩϫϡϫϯϤϯ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ. 959 Bumiller E. We Have Met the Enemy and He Is PowerPoint [ύϼ ϣϲϳϱϦϳϩϬϩ ϣϱϡϤϡ, ϩ ϯϮ – PowerPoint] // The New York Times. – 26.04.2010. Bumiller E. Le pire ennemi du Pentagone s’appelle PowerPoint. L’armée américaine consacre de plus en plus de temps et de ressources à la présentation de sa tactique, au détriment de la réflexion stratégique [ψϬϦϪϹϩϪ ϣϱϡϤ ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮϡ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ PowerPoint. σϯϦϮϮϼϦ ϒϙρ ϴϥϦϬЀϿϳ ϣϲϦ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϩ ϱϦϲϴϱϲϯϣ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϳϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϴϺϦϱϢ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ] // <https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2010/05/25/le-pire-ennemidu-pentagone-s-appelle-powerpoint>. – 31.05.2010. 960 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: <https://static01.nyt.com/images/2010/04/27/world/27powerpoint_CA0_337span/27powerpoint_CA0-articleLarge.jpg>; <https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/world/27powerpoint.html>. 464 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ υϡϧϦ ϣ ϾϳϯϪ ϲ϶ϦϭϦ, ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ ϦЂ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϦϬϩ ϮϦ ϰϼϳϡϬϩϲϽ ϲϣϡϬϩϳϽ ϣϲЂ ϲϱϡϨϴ ϣ ϯϥϮϴ ϫϴϸϴ ϩ ϨϡϥϴϭϡϬϩϲϽ Ϣϼ ϯ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩϩ ϦЂ ϨϱϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ, ϭϯϧϮϯ ϢϼϬϯ Ϣϼ ϮϡϪϳϩ ϫϡϫϯϦ-ϳϯ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϮϯϦ ϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϮϩϦ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϴϲϬϼϹϡϳϽ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀ, Ϯϯ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϡЀ (ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϡЀ ϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϡЀ) ϨϡϰϴϳϡϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϲ϶Ϧϭϼ ϲϥϦϬϡϬϡ ϦЂ ϡϢϲϴϱϥϮϯϪ. ϔϣϼ, Ͼϳϯ ϸЂϳϫϯ ϰϱϯϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ ϣ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϦϦ ϣϱϦϭЀ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩЀ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬϩ ϒύω, ϣ ϣϯϪϲϫϡ϶ ώρϓϏ ϦϺЂ ϣϯ ϣϳϯϱϯϪ ϰϯϬϯϣϩϮϦ 2000-϶ Ϥϯϥϯϣ ϵϩϫϲϩϱϯϣϡϬϯϲϽ ϰϯЀϣϬϦϮϩϦ «ϱϦϪϮϥϧϦϱϯϣ PowerPoint» ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϢϿϱϯϫϱϡϳϩϩ. ω ϣ 2010 Ϥϯϥϴ ϰϯϬϫϯϣϮϩϫ όϯϴϱϦϮϲ ϒϦϬϬϩϮ, ϯϵϩϷϦϱ ϲϩϬ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϩЀ ώρϓϏ, ϥϩϲϬϯϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϣ ρϵϤϡϮϩϲϳϡϮϦ, ϲϳϡϬ ϧϦϱϳϣϯϪ «ϯϲϯϢϦϮϮϯ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϣϯϪϮϼ: ϴϲϳϡϬϯϲϳϩ ϯϳ PowerPoint», ϯϮ ϢϼϬ ϴϣϯϬϦϮ ϲϯ ϲϣϯϦϤϯ ϰϯϲϳϡ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϴϢϬϩϸϮϯ ϣϼϱϡϨϩϬ ϲϣϯЂ ϮϦϥϯϣϯϬϽϲϳϣϯ ϯϵϩϷϦϱϡϭϩ, ϯϥϦϱϧϩϭϼϭϩ PowerPoint, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϳϱϡϳЀϳ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ Ϯϡ ϢϦϲϰϯϫϯϪϲϳϣϯ ϯ ϱϡϨϭϦϱϦ Ϲϱϩϵϳϡ ϩ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϡ϶, ϸϦϭ ϯ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϦϭϼ϶ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϡϭϩ. PowerPoint ϰϯ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϲϴϳϩ ϮϦ ϰϬϯ϶ – ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϮϦϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϯ ϰϯϮЀϳ. ϐϬϯ϶ϡЀ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϫϡϳϡϲϳϱϯϵϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ961, ϶ϯϳЀ ϤϯϱϡϨϥϯ ϸϡϺϦ ϰϬϯ϶ϩϦ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϫϱϼϣϡϿϳ ϢϡϮϡϬϽϮϴϿ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϥϡϧϦ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩϿ ϩ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϿ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯ ϭϮϦϮϩϿ ϡϭϦϱϩϫϡϮϲϫϩ϶ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ PowerPoint ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϼ ϩ ϴϭϦϲϳϮϼ ϥϬЀ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϫϡϱϳ ϩ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩЀ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϩ϶ ϳϦϮϥϦϮϷϩϩ. σ ϯϲϳϡϬϽϮϯϭ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ PowerPoint ϭϯϤϴϳ ϬϩϹϽ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϩϬϬϿϨϩϩ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϩϬϬϿϨϩϩ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϯϢϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϯϣ. ωϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϳ ϥϡϧϦ ϲϬϯϣϦϲϮϼϪ ϯϢϯϱϯϳ «ϲϭϦϱϳϽ ϯϳ PowerPoint» – ϥϬЀ ϯϰϩϲϡϮϩЀ ϯϹϦϬϯϭϬЀϿϺϦϤϯ ϯϺϴϺϦϮϩЀ, ϫϯϳϯϱϯϦ ϲϯϰϱϯϣϯϧϥϡϦϳ ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤ ϩϨ 30 ϲϬϡϪϥϯϣ. ϐϱϯϲϭϯϳϱ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤϯϣ ϣ PowerPoint – Ͼϳϯ «ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϡϤϯϮϩЀ». ύϮϯϤϯϲϳϱϡϮϩϸϮϼϦ ϲϬϡϪϥϼ PowerPoint ϰϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϥϡϿϳ ϭϦϮϽϹϦ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϸϦϭ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϣϭϦϲϳϩϳϽ ϰЀϳϩϲϳϱϡϮϩϸϮϼϪ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳ, Ϯϯ Ϩϡϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϯϲϣϯϢϯϧϥϡϿϳ ϩ϶ ϡϣϳϯϱϡ ϯϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ «ϳϯϸϩϳϽ ϩ ϰϯϬϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ» ϳϦϫϲϳ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϳϽ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϳϯϸϫϴ ϨϱϦϮϩЀ (Ͼϳϯ ϫϡϫ ϦϲϬϩ Ϣϼ Ͽϱϩϲϳϼ ϰϱϦϥϲϳϡϣϬЀϬϩ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϣ σϦϱ϶ϯϣϮϯϭ ϲϴϥϦ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϯϫ, ϡ ϮϦ ϣ ϵϯϱϭϦ ϳϦϫϲϳϯϣϼ϶ ϿϱϩϥϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ). ϐϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϤϱϡϭϭϼ PowerPoint ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϱϡϲϲϸϩϳϡϮϯ Ϯϡ ϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϷϦϬϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϰϯϥ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϦ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ. ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϳϡϫϩϭ ϴϭϦϲϳϮϼϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϭ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϢϱϩϵϩϮϤϩ ϥϬЀ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϩϲϳϯϣ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϣ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϡ϶ ώρϓϏ ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϥϬЀϳϲЀ 25 ϭϩϮϴϳ ϩ ϣ ϫϯϮϷϦ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϬϩϹϽ 5 ϭϩϮϴϳ ϥϬЀ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϯϣ ϯϳ ϳϦ϶, 961 Duarte N. Why we hate PowerPoints – and how to fix them [ϐϯϸϦϭϴ ϭϼ ϮϦϮϡϣϩϥϩϭ PowerPoint – ϩ ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽ] // <https://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/10/15/duarte.powerpoint.fatigue/index.html>. – 15.10.2010. § 7.1. ρϢϱϩϲ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ (Ϯϡ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϦ ϴϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩЀϭϩ) 465 ϫϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϮϦ ϲϰϩϳ (ϳϡϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ ϣ PowerPoint ϳϡϭ ϹϴϳϬϩϣϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ «ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϤϩϰϮϯϨϡ ϷϼϰϬЀϳ»)962. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϦϳ Tϯϭϡϲ ϖϡϭϭϦϲ, «ϦϧϦϤϯϥϮϯ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ ϳϱϡϳЀϳ ϭϩϬϬϩϯϮϼ ϥϯϬϬϡϱϯϣ Ϯϡ ϯϢϴϸϦϮϩϦ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϬϿϥϦϪ ϳϯϭϴ, ϫϡϫ ϥϴϭϡϳϽ. ύϼ ϩϮϣϦϲϳϩϱϴϦϭ ϣϯ ϣϲЂ, ϯϳ ϣϯϦϮϮϼ϶ ϴϸϩϬϩϺ ϥϯ ϹϫϯϬ ϴϮϳϦϱ-ϯϵϩϷϦϱϯϣ. ώϡϹϩ ϲϳϡϱϹϩϦ ϴϱϯϣϮϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϩ, ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϨϮϡϫϯϭЀϳ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϦϪ ϲ Ϲϩϱϯϫϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϡϭϩ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϩϭϩ ϣϨϤϬЀϥϡϭϩ ϣ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϦ ϯϢϻЀϲϮϩϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϪ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϪ ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱ ϭϮϯϤϩ϶ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϯϮϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϰϱϩϮϩϭϡϳϽ. ϋ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϫϡϫ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϯϮϩ ϨϡϫϡϮϸϩϣϡϿϳ ϴϸЂϢϴ, ϮϡϹϩ ϬϿϥϩ ϣϯϨϣϱϡϺϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϭϩϱ, ϴϰϱϡϣϬЀϦϭϼϪ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ, ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϼϭ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϿ, – PowerPoint. ώϦ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϡϪϳϦϲϽ, PowerPoint ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϪϳϱϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϯϭ – ϯϮ ϡϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϱϡϧϥϦϢϦϮ ϫ ϯϢϥϴϭϡϮϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϿ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ… σϭϦϲϳϯ ϳϯϤϯ ϸϳϯϢϼ ϨϡϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϵϩϷϦϱϯϣ ϴϸϩϳϽϲЀ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϴ ϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϼϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϣ ϲϣЀϨϮϼϦ ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϹϳϡϢϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϳϦϰϦϱϽ ϥϦϬϡϦϳ ϴϰϯϱ Ϯϡ ϩϨϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϲϬϡϪϥϯϣ. ϒϬϡϪϥϯϬϯϤϩЀ, ϲϡϭϡ ϰϯ ϲϦϢϦ, ϲϳϡϬϡ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯϭ, ϡ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩϦ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϫ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϴ ϲϬϡϪϥϯϣ. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϦϮ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϫ ЀϲϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ, ϰϱϩϲϴϺϩϪ ϮϦϥϯϯϵϯϱϭϬϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϼϲϬЀϭ ϲϬϡϪϥϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϤϯ ϵϯϱϭϡϳϡ. PowerPoint ϭϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ, ϦϲϬϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϥϬЀ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϥϬЀ ϲϰϱϡϣϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϣ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϷϦϬЀ϶, Ϯϯ ϰϬϯ϶ϯ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϭ ϰϯϭϯϺϮϩϫϯϭ ϣ ϰϱϩϮЀϳϩϩ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ. ώϯ, ϫ ϲϯϧϡϬϦϮϩϿ, ϐϦϮϳϡϤϯϮ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϲϥϦϬϡϬ ϮϡϲϳϯЀϺϩϪ ϫϴϬϽϳ ϩϨ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϩ PowerPoint»963. ω ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϦ ϴϲϩϬϩЀ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϩϨϭϦϮϩϳϽ Ͼϳϴ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϿ. ϐϱϡϣϥϡ, ϯϳϴϸϩϳϽ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϬϩϷ ϯϳ ϲϬϯϧϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϩ ϨϡϫϯϲϳϦϮϦϬϼ϶ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ ϫ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϵϡϬϽϲϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ «ϩϭϩϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϩϰϴϸϴϿ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ» ϰϯϥ ϰϱϩϫϱϼϳϩϦϭ ϲϳϱϡϮϮϼ϶ ϢϦϲϲϯϥϦϱϧϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϡϱϳϩϮϯϫ – ϭϯϧϦϳ ϯϫϡϨϡϳϽϲЀ ϥϦϬϯϭ ϮϦϰϯϥϻЂϭϮϼϭ, ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϨϡϳϱϴϥϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ. τϯϣϯϱЀϳ, ϰϸϦϬϡ, ϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯ ϥϯϬϤϯ ϰϱϯϲϩϥϦϣϹϡЀ ϣ ϨϡϫϱϼϳϯϪ ϢϡϮϫϦ, ϮϦ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϭϦϳ ϰϯϰϼϳϯϫ ϣϼϢϱϡϳϽϲЀ (ϩϬϩ ϮϦϲϫϯϱϯ ϰϱϦϥϰϱϩϭϦϳ ϳϡϫϴϿ ϰϯϰϼϳϫϴ) ϥϡϧϦ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϾϫϲϰϦϱϩϭϦϮϳϡϳϯϱ ϲϮϩϭϦϳ ϫϱϼϹϫϴ964. 962 Bumiller E. We Have Met the Enemy and He Is PowerPoint [ύϼ ϣϲϳϱϦϳϩϬϩ ϣϱϡϤϡ, ϩ Ͼϳϯ – PowerPoint] // The New York Times. – 26.04.2010. 963 Hammes T.X. Essay: Dumb-dumb bullets [ϞϲϲϦ: ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϤϬϴϰϼϦ ϭϡϱϫϦϱϼ ϰϱϦϨϦϮϳϡϷϩϪ] // <http://armedforcesjournal.com/essay-dumb-dumb-bullets/>. – 01.07.2009. 964 ϒϩϤϦϬ ρ., ϞϳϷϫϯϱϮ ρ. ϋϱϡϳϫϯ. ϠϲϮϯ. ϐϱϯϲϳϯ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. – ύ.: ϏϬϩϭϰ-ςϩϨϮϦϲ, 2015. – xviii; 231 ϲ. – ϒ. 15–16. 466 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ώϦ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϣϡϭ ϮϦ ϩϨϣϦϲϳϮϯ, ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϣϡϲ ϫ ϮϦϰϱϩЀϳϮϯϲϳЀϭ. ρ ϳϯ, ϣ ϸϦϭ ϣϼ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϼ, Ϯϯ ϸϳϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳϲЀ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϭ. ύϡϱϫ ϓϣϦϮ ϒϡϭϡЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϡЀ ϯϹϩϢϫϡ – ϣϯϯϢϱϡϧϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϮϩϫϯϤϥϡ ϮϦ ϯϹϩϢϡϦϭϲЀ. ϓϯϭϡϲ ϋϡϱϬϡϪϬ965. ϋϡϫ ϤϬϡϲϩϳ ϥϱϦϣϮЀЀ ϫϩϳϡϪϲϫϡЀ ϭϴϥϱϯϲϳϽ, ϴϭϮϼϪ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϥϡϧϦ ϣ ϣϼϤϯϥϮϯϭ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϥϦϱϧϩϳ ϣ ϣϩϥϴ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϼϪ ϣϱϦϥ, ϡ ϣ ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϩ ϮϦϣϼϤϯϥϮϯϭ ϣϩϥϩϳ ϰϯϳϦϮϷϩϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ. ϏϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϯϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϣϲϦϤϥϡ. ϐϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϣ ϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϽ, ϰϯϬϴϸϩϹϽ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϽ. ϒϩϬϡ ϣ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ. ϘϦϭ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϳϱϴϥϮϯϲϳϦϪ, ϳϦϭ ϣϡϧϮϦϦ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ.966 ϋϡϫ ϴϧϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϰϯϫϡϨϡϮϯ ϣϼϹϦ, ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϡЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ – Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϴϦϭϼϪ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϼϪ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲ ϩ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϡЀ ϲ Ϯϩϭ ϲϵϦϱϡ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ, ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϩ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϡϱϩϦϣ, ϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϯϭ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϱϡϨϮϯϱϯϥϮϡЀ ϩ ϱϡϨϱϯϨϮϦϮϮϡЀ (ϮϦϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϮϡЀ, ϮϦϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ) ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϮϯ ϰϱϦϯϢϱϡϨϴϦϳϲЀ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϲϳϮϼϦ ϩ, ϤϬϡϣϮϯϦ, ϷϦϮϮϼϦ (ϥϬЀ ϰϯϳϱϦϢϩϳϦϬЀ) ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ (ϯϳϸЂϳϼ, ϥϯϫϬϡϥϼ, ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϼ, ϯϱϩϦϮϳϩϱϯϣϫϩ ϩ ϥϱ.). – «analytic ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ (ϡϮϤϬ. performance») ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϮϦϱϡϣϮϯϭϦϱϮϡ, ϮϦϯϥϩϮϡϫϯϣϡ. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϽ ϣ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ ϬϩϸϮϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ ϬϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ, ϯϳ ϳϡϬϡϮϳϯϣ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϦϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϩ ϯϳ ϫϯϬϬϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϤϯ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϡ ϩ ϲϬϡϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ Ϥϱϴϰϰϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϰϱϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϣ ϳϡϫϯϭ ϰϯϱЀϥϫϦ), ϯϳ ϥϯϬϧϮϯϪ ϯϲϮϡϺЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϰϱϩ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ) ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϡ ϩ ϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϪ ϲϱϦϥϼ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytic work environment») ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϡϭϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ (ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ЀϨϼϫϯϣϯϤϯ ϰϦϱϦϣϯϥϡ, ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ, ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϤϯ ϭϯϥϦϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϢϯϬϽϹϩ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϭϡϹϩϮϮϯϪ ϣϩϨϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, 965 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: Forbes Book of Quotations: 10 000 Thoughts on the Business of Life [ϋϮϩϤϡ Ϸϩϳϡϳ ϕϯϱϢϲ: 10 000 ϭϼϲϬϦϪ ϯ ϥϦϬϦ ϣϲϦϪ ϧϩϨϮϩ] / Edited by Ted Goodman. Revised and updated. – New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2016. 966 ϗϩϳ. ϰϯ: ϒϩ ϗϨϩϮϽϰϩϮ ϱϡϲϲϫϡϨϡϬ, ϫϡϫ ϭϩϱ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϲϰϱϡϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϫϱϩϨϩϲϯϭ // <https://ria.ru/20220617/krizis-1796283749.html>. – 17.06.2022. § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 467 ϥϯϲϳϴϰϡ ϫ ϢϡϨϡϭ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϳ.ϥ.), ϯϳ ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϲϳϡϣЀϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϰϦϱϦϥ Ϯϩϭ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϦϤϯ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϩ ϩ ϲϰϦϷϩϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀϭ, ϯϳ ϴϲϬϯϣϩϪ ϦϤϯ ϳϱϴϥϡ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ – ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϪ, ϡ ϮϦ ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϦϤϯ ϱϡϢϯϸϦϪ ϨϡϤϱϴϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ). ώϯ, ϰϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, «ϯϰϼϳ ϰϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϩϭϦϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ, ЀϣϮϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ ϴϲϰϦ϶ϴ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ, ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ, ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ Ϧϭϴ»967. σ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϦϲϬϩ ϣ ϯϲϮϯϣϮϯϪ ϬϩϮϩϩ ϮϡϹϩ϶ ϱϡϲϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩϭϦϦϳϲЀ ϲϫϱϼϳϼϪ ϥϦϵϦϫϳ, ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϡ ϣϳϯϱϯϲϳϦϰϦϮϮϼ϶ ϥϦϳϡϬϦϪ ϯϫϡϨϡϬϡϲϽ Ϣϼ ϮϦϮϴϧϮϯϪ ϳϱϡϳϯϪ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ968. Ϟϳϩ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ ϰϯϬϮϯϷϦϮϮϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϳϽ ϢϦϨ ϯϢϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϫ ϳϦϭϡϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭϴ ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϴ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϫ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϡϭ ϯ ϰϯϮЀϳϩЀ϶, ϰϱϩϱϯϥϦ, ϲϴϳϩ, ϣϩϥϯϣϯϭ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϩ, ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡ϶ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϡ϶ (ϰϯ ϫϱϡϪϮϦϪ ϭϦϱϦ, ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮЂϮϮϼ϶), ϰϯϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩЀ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «erreur analytique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytical error», «analytics error»), ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ «ϣϦϱϯЀϳϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ», ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϵϱϡϮϷ. – «défauts dans l'analytique»; ϡϮϤϬ. – «analytics defects»), ϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶ ϩ϶ ϱϦϥϴϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϡϬϬϦϣϩϡϷϩϩ (ϲϮϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϯϲϳϱϯϳϼ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ), ϡ ϳϡϫϧϦ ϯ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡ϶ ϯϰϯϣϦϺϦϮϩЀ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϯϣ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϯ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶. ϋϡϫ ϴϫϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ ϕϱϩϷ Ϟϱϭϡϱϳ, ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϭϼ ϲ ϯϢϭϡϮϸϩϣϯϪ (ϩ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϭϡϮϸϩϣϯϪ) ϰϱϯϲϳϯϳϯϪ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭϩ (ϩϬϩ ϣϯϯϢϺϦ «ϰϴϲϳϼϹϫϡϭϩ»), ϡ ϰϯϳϯϭϴ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ969, ϣϲϦϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ. ω ϣϯϯϢϺϦ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϲϬϯϣϯ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ», ϫϡϫ ϤϯϣϯϱϩϳϲЀ, ϣϼϹϬϯ ϣ ϳϩϱϡϧ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϩ ϮϦ ϲϼϲϫϡϳϽ, Ϯϯ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ «ϢϬϯϤϦϱ» ϩ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϧϴϱϮϡϬϩϲϳ (ϨϡϸϡϲϳϴϿ ϢϦϨ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϽϮϼ϶ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩϪ), ϥϡϧϦ ϬϩϷϯ ϢϦϨ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϤϯ ϱϯϥϡ ϨϡϮЀϳϩϪ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯ ϩ ϡϱϱϯϤϡϮϳϮϯ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϳ «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ» ϲϣϯϩ ϲϯϸϩϮϦϮϩЀ (ϤϯϣϯϱЀ ЀϨϼϫϯϭ ϐϯϬϡ ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥϡ, «ϬϩϮϤϣϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϤϱϦϭϴϹϫϩ»970), ϡ ϲϦϢЀ – «ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ-ϾϫϲϰϦϱϳϯϭ». 967 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 136. 968 ϐϯϪϡ υ. ϋϡϫ ϱϦϹϡϳϽ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ϟ.ύ. τϡϪϥϴϫϡ. – ύ.: ϔϸϰϦϥϤϩϨ, 1959. – 208 ϲ. – ϒ. 129. 969 Ermarth F. Foreword // Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. vii. 970 ϕϦϪϦϱϡϢϦϮϥ ϐ. ωϨϢϱϡϮϮϼϦ ϳϱϴϥϼ ϰϯ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϬϯϤϩϩ Ϯϡϴϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. ϩ ϮϦϭ. / ϏϢϺ. ϱϦϥ. ϩ ϡϣϳ. ϣϲϳϴϰ. ϲϳ. ω.ϒ. ώϡϱϲϫϩϪ. – ύ.: ϐϱϯϤϱϦϲϲ, 1986. – 542 ϲ. – ϒ. 68. 468 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϋϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϮϡϬϡϧϦϮϮϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ (ϲϯ ϣϲϳϱϯϦϮϮϼϭ ϭϦ϶ϡϮϩϨϭϯϭ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ971 ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϩϭϦϦϳ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϥϬЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϲϳϱϯϩϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϥϬЀ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ, ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ, ϾϫϯϮϯϭϩϫϩ, ϲϯϷϩϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϵϦϱϼ. ώϦϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯ ϮϦ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϼЀϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϰϱϦϣϦϮϷϩϦϪ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϯϫ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ, ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϪ ϩ ϲϢϯϦϣ, ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϦϲϬϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩϦ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϦϲϳϽ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩϩ ϯϲϳϡϣϡϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϰϦϱϦϥϮϦϭ ϫϱϡϦ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ϶ ϲϢϯϱϡ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϪ ϧϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϣ ϩϮϼ϶ ϲϵϦϱϡ϶. ώϦϥϯϰϴϲϳϩϭϯ ϲϣϯϥϩϳϽ ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϫ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩЀϭ, ϤϩϰϦϱϳϱϯϵϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϴϰϱϯϺЂϮϮϼϭ ϲ϶ϦϭϡϳϩϨϡϷϩЀϭ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ ϙϡϱϬϽ ρϱϥϡϮ ϥϿ ϐϩϫ ϰϯϸϳϩ ϰϯϬϳϯϱϡ ϲϳϯϬϦϳϩЀ ϮϡϨϡϥ, «ϸϡϲϳϯ ϲϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ, ϸϳϯ ϳϦ, ϫϳϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϡϳϱϩϣϡϿϳ ϣϯϰϱϯϲϼ ϣϯϪϮϼ, ϣϨЀϣ ϯϱϴϧϩϦ Ϩϡ ϯϳϰϱϡϣϮϴϿ ϳϯϸϫϴ, ϢϦϨ ϫϯϬϦϢϡϮϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϡϤϡϿϳ, ϸϳϯ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ, ϰϱϩϨϣϡϮϮϼϪ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ, ϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϢϴϥϦϳ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϦϤϯ ϳϡϫ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱϦϥϴϲϭϯϳϱϦϮϯ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϯ ϩ϶ ϰϱϡϣϩϬϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϩϲϡϮϩЀϭϩ. ώϯ ϢϯϦϷ, ϨϡϥϴϭϡϮϮϼϪ [ϣ ϣϯϦϮϮϯϪ ϳϦϯϱϩϩ] ϫϡϫ ϱϡϨϴϭϮϯϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϯ, ϯϳϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϺϦϦϲЀ ϯϳ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϯϥϣϩϧϮϯϪ ϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϸϩϣϯϪ ϰϱϩϱϯϥϼ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϰϱϦϣϱϡϳϩϳϽϲЀ ϣ ϢϦϲϲϳϱϡϲϳϮϴϿ ϰϦϹϫϴ ϩ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ ϫϡϫ ϡϢϲϳϱϡϫϳϮϡЀ ϦϥϩϮϩϷϡ ϣ ϫϯϭϢϩϮϡϷϩЀ϶ Ϯϡ ϰϯϬϦ ϢϯЀ, – Ͼϳϯ “ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϫϡϢϩϮϦϳϮϼ϶ ϲϰϦϫϴϬЀϷϩϪ”, Ϯϯ ϯϮ ϮϦ ϦϲϳϽ ϸϦϬϯϣϦϫ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯϳ – ϩϨ ϰϬϯϳϩ ϩ ϫϯϲϳϦϪ, ϴ ϮϦϤϯ ϦϲϳϽ ϳϦϬϯ ϩ ϥϴϹϡ; ϩ ϫϡϫ Ϣϼ ϸϡϲϳϯ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϡ ϲϩϬϽϮϡ ϥϴϹϡ, ϯϮϡ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϡϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϫϱϯϳϩϳϽ ϳϦϬϯ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϮϦ ϢϼϬϯ ϢϴϮϳϡ ϰϬϯϳϩ ϩ ϲϭЀϳϦϮϩЀ ϥϴ϶ϡ ϰϦϱϦϥ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϱϡϨϱϴϹϦϮϩЀ»972. ϓϯ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϯϦ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣϡϳϽ ϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡϭ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ, ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϩ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϣϱϦϥϩϳ ϥϦϬϴ; ϰϯϥϤϯϮϫϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϰϯϥ «ϰϱϯϫϱϴϲϳϯϣϯ ϬϯϧϦ» ϦϤϯ ϰϱϩϭϩϳϩϣϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϯϢϱϡϨϡ ϮϦ ϭϯϧϦϳ ϮϦ ϰϯϣϬϦϸϽ ϣϼϱϡϧϦϮϮϯ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϤϯ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϡ Ϯϡ ϣϼ϶ϯϥϦ. ψϮϡϸϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϸϩϲϬϯ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼ϶ ϲϢϯϦϣ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϒϙρ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦϭ ϮϦ ϲϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϣ ϲϢϯϱϦ, ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϩϬϩ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡϭϩ, ϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϯϣ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ. ϒϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϫϩ – ϲ ϯϲϯϢϼϭ ϡϫϷϦϮϳϯϭ Ϯϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϮϦϴϥϡϸϩ – ϰϱϯϩϲϳϦϫϡϿϳ ϩϨ ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϰϯϣϦϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϼ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϮϦ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϼ Ϯϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼϭϩ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀϭϩ ϣ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϩ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ, 971 ύϯϧϦϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϣϼϲϳϱϯϦϮϡ, ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϰϱϯϸϦϤϯ, ϲ ϯϰϯϱϯϪ Ϯϡ ϮϡϹϴ ϳϦϯϱϩϿ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ϒϭ.: ϐϯϮϫϩϮ ω.σ. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ: ϔϸϦϢϮϩϫ. – ύ.: ωώϕϑρ-ύ, 2019. – 301 ϲ. 972 Ardant du Picq C. Etudes sur le combat [ωϲϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϢϯϦϣϼ϶ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϪ]. – Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie et Librairie J. Dumaine, 1880. – vii; 296 p. – P. 7–8. § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 469 Ϯϩ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩϦϭ ϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϩϪ ϷϦϮϳϱϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ973. φϥϣϡ Ϭϩ, ϤϥϦ-ϳϯ ϦϺЂ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϯϳϬϩϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϯϳ ϾϳϯϪ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϲϡϬ όϩ Ϡϫϯϫϫϡ, «ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϲϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϿϳ ϮϦϯϳϻϦϭϬϦϭϴϿ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϧϩϨϮϩ, ϰϯϬϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϨϢϦϧϡϳϽ ϩ϶ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ. ϒϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϮϡϥϦЀϳϽϲЀ ϬϩϹϽ Ϯϡ ϳϯ, ϸϳϯ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ϯϢϯϪϥϴϳϲЀ ϲϬϩϹϫϯϭ ϥϯϱϯϤϯ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϯϥϮϴ ϩ ϳϴ ϧϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϴ ϣϼ ϮϦ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϩϳϦ ϥϣϡϧϥϼ»974. ϐϱϩ Ͼϳϯϭ ϯϥϮϩ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϣϬϦϸϽ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϯϪ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ, ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϯϥϮϩ϶ ϬϩϷ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ ϰϱϩϸϩϮϡϭϩ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϡϭϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϥϱϴϤϩ϶ ϬϩϷ, ϣϲЂ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϮϡϲϬϡϩϣϡЀϲϽ ϩ ϮϡϱϡϲϳϡЀ, ϲϬϯϣϮϯ ϲϮϦϧϮϼϪ ϫϯϭ. ϋϡϫ ϰϩϹϴϳ υϧϯϨϦϵ Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ ϩ ωϡϮ ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ: «σϯϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϦ ϲϦϢϦ ϭϮϯϧϦϲϳϣϯ ϬϿϥϦϪ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϣϡϲ), ϢϱϯϲϡϿϺϩ϶ ϫϡϭϮϩ ϣ ϯϥϩϮ ϩ ϳϯϳ ϧϦ ϣϯϥϯЂϭ. σϩϨϴϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϮϵϩϤϴϱϡϷϩЀ ϣϼϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϪ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩЀϭϩ ϱЀϢϩ Ϯϡ ϣϯϥϦ ϯϸϦϮϽ ϲϬϯϧϮϡ, ϴϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽ ϫϡϧϥϼϪ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϪ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϮϦϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯ: ϳϴϳ ϰϱϩϬϯϧϩϬϩ ϱϴϫϴ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϼ, Ϯϯ ϩ ϥϱϴϤϩϦ. ώϦϱϡϨϴϭϮϯ ϫϯϤϯϬϩϢϯ ϣϩϮϩϳϽ, Ϯϯ ϣϼ, ϳϦϭ ϮϦ ϭϦϮϦϦ, ϮϦϲЂϳϦ ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ Ϩϡ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϪ ϢϱϯϹϦϮϮϼϪ ϫϡϭϦϮϽ, ϫϯϬϽ ϲϫϯϱϯ ϴϸϡϲϳϣϯϣϡϬϩ ϣ Ͼϳϯϭ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϦ»975. ρϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϩϤϱϡϦϳ ϣϡϧϮϴϿ ϱϯϬϽ ϣ ϰϬϡϮϩϱϯϣϯϸϮϯϪ, ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϯϱϤϡϮϯϣ ϣϬϡϲϳϩ, – ϰϩϹϦϳ υϾϣϩϥ ύϴϱ. – σ ϾϳϯϪ ϯϢϬϡϲϳϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϩϭϦϳϽ ϥϯϬϧϮϼϪ ϯϰϼϳ, ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϫϴ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϣϼϰϯϬϮЀϳϽ ϲϣϯϿ Ϩϡϥϡϸϴ976. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭ ϯϰϼϳ ϩ ϣ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϐϯ υϧϦϵϵϱϩ ϋϴϰϦϱϴ, «ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϯϣ, ϰϱϦϥϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϦϭϼ϶ ϫϯϭϰϯϮϦϮϳϡϭϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ, ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϮϡϸϩϮϡϳϽϲЀ ϲ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϩ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ Ͼϳϩ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϼ ϲϯϨϥϡϿϳϲЀ»977. ϐϯ υϯϮϡϬϽϥϴ ϒϳϯϴϫϲϴ, ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϣ ϥϡϮϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ – ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ) ϭϯϤϴϳ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϩ ϸϡϲϳϯ ϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϿϳϲЀ «ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϼϭ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϯϭ ϰϯϮϩϭϡϮϩЀ [ϯϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ ϩ ϭϦϱϼ] 973 Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. 3. 974 Ϡϫϯϫϫϡ ό. ϋϡϱϽϦϱϡ ϭϦϮϦϥϧϦϱϡ. – ύ.: ϐϯϰϴϱϱϩ, 2007. 975 Ϗ’ϋϯϮϮϯϱ υϧ., ύϡϫϥϦϱϭϯϳϳ ω. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϯϤϯ ϭϼϹϬϦϮϩЀ: ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϼϦ ϨϮϡϮϩЀ ϯ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ϶ ϩ ϳϣϯϱϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϦ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. 7-Ϧ ϩϨϥ. – ύ.: ρϬϽϰϩϮϡ ϐϡϢϬϩϹϦϱ, 2013. – 254 ϲ. – ϒ. 221. 976 Normas Analíticas de Policía [ϒϳϡϮϥϡϱϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϯϬϩϷϩϩ] / Iniciativa Global para el Intercambio de Información Judicial; Asociación International de Analistas de Inteligencia Policial, Inc. 2a edición, Abril 2012. – Richmond (VA, USA), 2012. – 39 p. – P. 1. 977 Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. 1. 470 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϮϯϱϭϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ, ϩ ϭϯϳϩϣϯϭ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩЀ ϢϡϨϯϣϼ϶ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ»978. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ υϧϦϵϵϱϩ ϋϴϰϦϱϴ, ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϭϯϮϩϳϯϱϩϮϤϡ ϩ ϣϲϫϱϼϳϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϸϦϳϼϱϦ ϣϼϣϯϥϡ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩϭϦϿϳ ϱϦϹϡϿϺϦϦ ϨϮϡϸϦϮϩϦ ϫϡϫ ϥϬЀ ϳϯϸϮϯϪ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϩ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϩ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϲϱϦϥϲϳϣ ϳϦϱϡϰϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϵϩϬϡϫϳϩϫϩ: 1) ϲϩϲϳϦϭϡ ϰϯϨϣϯϬЀϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡϭ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЀϳϽ ϩ϶ ϩϲϳϯϸϮϩϫϩ; 2) ϯϮϡ ϰϯϢϴϧϥϡϦϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϦ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϯϭ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϲϦϳϦϪ, ϩ Ϯϡ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϭϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϡϭϩ; 3) ϯϮϡ ϥϦϭϯϮϲϳϱϩϱϴϦϳ, ϸϳϯ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϲϦϳϦϪ (ϡ ϨϮϡϸϩϳ, ϩ ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϡЀ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ) ϯϢϼϸϮϯ ϯ϶ϣϡϳϼϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϲϫϯϬϽϫϯ ϴϱϯϣϮϦϪ ϣ ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ; 4) ϲ϶Ϧϭϡ ϰϯϥϸЂϱϫϩϣϡϦϳ ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯϲϳϽ ϬϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϫϡϫ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϴϳЂϭ ϲϯϲϱϦϥϯϳϯϸϦϮϩЀ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϦϱ ϰϯ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ Ϯϡ ϮϴϧϮϯϭ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϩ ϩ Ϯϡ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϭ ϴϱϯϣϮϦ979. υϧϦϵϵϱϩ ϋϴϰϦϱ ϣϼϥϦϬЀϦϳ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϲϴϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ: 1) ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϱϡϨϣϩϬϩϲϽ ϣ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϥϡϮϮϼ϶, ϰϱϯϲϳϩϱϡϿϳϲЀ ϥϡϬϦϫϯ Ϩϡ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϱϦϰЀϳϲϳϣϩϪ, ϯϰϩϲϡϮϮϼ϶ ϑϩϸϡϱϥϲϯϭ ϖϯϪϦϱϯϭ-ϭϬ. ϣ ϫϮϩϤϦ «ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ»980; ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϯϨϥϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϴϿ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϴϿ ϰϡϱϡϥϩϤϭϴ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϴϿ ϬϴϸϹϩϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϨ ϲϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϤϮϩϳϩϣϮϯϪ Ϯϡϴϫϩ ϩ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϿϺϴϿ ϰϯϬϦϨϮϼϦ ϩ ϬϦϤϫϯ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϩϭϼϦ ϣϲϰϯϭϯϤϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϩϮϲϳϱϴϭϦϮϳϼ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϯϥϯϬϦϮϩЀ Ͼϳϩ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϩ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϦϥϯϳϣϱϡϺϦϮϩЀ ϩ϶ ϮϡϫϯϰϬϦϮϩЀ ϲ ϳϱϡϮϲϵϯϱϭϡϷϩЀϭϩ ϣ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϦ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ; 2) ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϯϢϱϡϨϴϿϳ ϳϦϲϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϴϲϩϬϩϣϡϿϺϩϦ ϥϱϴϤ ϥϱϴϤϡ ϲϦϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϳ ϫ ϫϱϡϪϮϦ ϥϩϲϵϴϮϫϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩЀϭ ϩ ϰϯϣϲϦϭϦϲϳϮϼϭ ϮϦϴϥϡϸϡϭ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϳϺϡϳϦϬϽϮϡЀ ϱϦϫϯϮϷϦϰϳϴϡϬϩϨϡϷϩЀ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; ϮϯϣϼϪ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϳϽ ϣ ϲϦϢЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϦϲϮϼϦ ϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϩϮϳϦϱϡϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϲϣЀϨϩ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϩ ϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϦϬЀϭϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; ϫϱϯϭϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϯϮ ϥϯϬϧϦϮ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ 978 Stokes D.E. Pasteur’s Quadrant: Basic Science and Technology Innovation [ϋϣϡϥϱϡϮϳ ϐϡϲϳϦϱϡ: ϵϴϮϥϡϭϦϮϳϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϮϡϴϸϮϼϦ ϩ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩϮϮϯϣϡϷϩϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Brookings Institution Press, 1997. – xv; 180 p. – P. 23. 979 Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. 1. 980 Heuer, jr. R.J. The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis [ϐϲϩ϶ϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1999. – xxv; 184 p. § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 471 ϣϼЀϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϮϦϰϯϲϱϦϥϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϩ ϣ ϱϡϭϫϡ϶ ϱϴϳϩϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱ, ϡ ϮϦ ϯϲϳϡϣϬЀϳϽ ϩ϶ ϥϬЀ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϴϧϦ ϣ ϶ϯϥϦ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϡ ϰϯϲϬϦ ϦϤϯ ϣϼϥϡϸϩ (ϱϡϲϰϱϯϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩЀ); 3) ϮϯϣϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϩ ϯϢϲϳϯЀϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ ϳϱϦϢϴϿϳ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϩϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥ϶ϯϥϯϣ ϫϡϫ ϫ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϩ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϳϡϫ ϩ ϫ ϰϱϯϷϦϥϴϱϡϭ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϦ ϩ϶ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϿϳ. ϏϸϦϣϩϥϮϯ, ϸϳϯ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϼϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϣ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϺϦϪ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϯϪ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϳϲЀ ϣ ϰϬϯ϶ϯϪ ϱϡϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϦ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϯϣ, ϣ ϰϬϯ϶ϩ϶ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϡϷϩϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϣϡϧϮϯϪ ϥϦЀϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯ ϲϢϯϱϴ ϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϯϢϱϡϢϯϳϫϦ, ϯϥϮϡϫϯ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϲϬϴϧϢ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯϤϯ ϩ ϬϡϳϦϮϳϮϯϤϯ (ϲϫϱϼϳϯϤϯ) ϶ϡϱϡϫϳϦϱϡ. ϔϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϣϬϦϫϴϺϩ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϮϦϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϭϦϳϯϥϯϣ ϩ ϴϫϯϱϦϮϩϣϹϩ϶ϲЀ ϮϦϤϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶ ϯϢϼϫϮϯϣϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϣϼϸϦϫ – Ͼϳϯ ϮϦ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ ϱϡϲϹϩϱϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϩϪ, ϴϧϦϲϳϯϸϦϮϩЀ ϢϿϥϧϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϫϯϮϳϱϯϬЀ ϩϬϩ ϴϬϴϸϹϦϮϩЀ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϯ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϦ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩϦ, ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϦ Ϯϡ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϦ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ, Ϯϡ ϲϳϩϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϫ ϲϦϱϽЂϨϮϯϭϴ ϯϲϭϼϲϬϦϮϩϿ ϳϯϤϯ, ϫϡϫ ϩϭϦϮϮϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϴϬϴϸϹϩϳϽ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϦ ϵϴϮϫϷϩϩ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ. ώϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϴϲϳϯϪϸϩϣϡЀ ϥϯϬϤϯϲϱϯϸϮϡЀ ϰϱϩϣϦϱϧϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϰϦϱϡϳϩϣϡϭ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϷϩЀϭ ϣϯϲϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϦϱϦϥϡϸϩ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϤϯ ϯϰϼϳϡ ϩ Ͼϳϩϫϩ; 4) ϮϦϯϢ϶ϯϥϩϭϡ ϳϯϸϮϡЀ ϥϩϡϤϮϯϲϳϩϫϡ ϫϯϱϦϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϩϸϩϮ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ «ϣϮϴϳϱϩ» ϩϦϱϡϱ϶ϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϮϼ϶ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩϪ; ϣ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϮϯϭ ϲϬϴϸϡϦ, ϭϦϱϼ ϰϯ ϩ϶ ϴϲϳϱϡϮϦϮϩϿ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϬϩϹϽ «ϰϬϡϲϳϼϱϦϭ». ώϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϼ ϣϯϨϮϩϫϡϿϳ Ϯϡ ϸϦϳϼϱЂ϶ ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶: ϡ) ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ; Ϣ) ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϼϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ (ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϩ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ, ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϴ ϩ ϫϴϬϽϳϴϱϴ); ϣ) ϯϳϥϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϲϬϴϧϢϼ; Ϥ) ϯϢϺϩϪ ϡϰϰϡϱϡϳ ϣϲϦϪ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϼ ϯϢϦϲϰϦϸϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϢϦϨϯϰϡϲϮϯϲϳϩ, ϫϯϳϯϱϼϪ ϣϫϬϿϸϡϦϳ ϣϲЂ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϣ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϫ ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϯϱϤϡϮϡϭ, ϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭ Ϩϡ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϫϴ ϰϯϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϱϦϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭ Ϯϡ ϣϲϦ϶ ϸϦϳϼϱЂ϶ ϣϨϡϩϭϯϲϣЀϨϡϮϮϼ϶ ϴϱϯϣϮЀ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲϮϯϤϯ ϣϭϦϹϡϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϡ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡϿϺϦϤϯ ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ, ϡϥϱϦϲϯϣϡϮϮϼϦ ϫϡϧϥϯϭϴ ϴϱϯϣϮϿ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϮϡϨϮϡϸϦϮϮϼϦ ϥϬЀ ϫϡϧϥϯϤϯ ϾϬϦϭϦϮϳϡ, ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϫϡϧϥϯϪ ϰϱϯϢϬϦϭϦ; 5) ϱϡϨϣϦϥϼϣϡϳϦϬϽϮϯϦ ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϰϦϱϲϰϦϫϳϩϣ ϣ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϣϡϳϽ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϾϵϵϦϫϳϩϣϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϥϯϫϡϨϼϣϡϮϩЀ ϩ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϫϩ ϰϱϩ ϣϼϲϳϱϡϩϣϡϮϩϩ ϲϣϯϩ϶ ϲϴϧϥϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ; ϣ ϸϡϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ, ϯϮϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϮЀϳϽ ϰϱϯϣϦϱϦϮϮϼϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϩ ϩϨ Ϯϡϴϫϩ, ϰϱϡϣϡ ϩ ϭϦϥϩϷϩϮϼ, ϣϫϬϿϸϡЀ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϯϳϫϱϼϳϯϦ ϯϢϺϦϮϩϦ ϩ ϲϡϭϯϯϢϲϬϦϥϯϣϡϮϩϦ; 6) ϫϡϫϩϭϩ Ϣϼ Ϯϩ ϢϼϬϩ ϥϦϳϡϬϩ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱ ϩϬϩ ϰϯϬϮϯϭϯϸϩϪ, ϱϴϫϯϣϯϥϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϡ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϤϡϱϡϮϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϭϦϱϼ ϰϯ ϩϲϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϿ 472 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩϩ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϱϦϡϬϩϨϯϣϡϮϼ ϣ ϫϡϧϥϯϭ ϰϯϥϸϩϮЂϮϮϯϭ ϣϦϥϯϭϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϣϯ ϣϲЂϭ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϲϯϯϢϺϦϲϳϣϦ; ϢϯϬϦϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ ϥϯϬϧϮϯ ϢϼϳϽ ϲϥϦϬϡϮϯ ϲ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϩϨϭϦϮϦϮϩЀ Ϣϴϥϴϳ ϰϱϯϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϯЀϮϮϯ ϩ ϸϳϯ ϮϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϦϳ ϲϳϡϳϩϸϮϯϤϯ ϭϦϲϳϡ, ϤϥϦ «ϰϱϡϣϩϬϽϮϼϦ» ϱϦϹϦϮϩЀ ϢϼϬϩ Ϣϼ ϴϧϦ ϮϡϪϥϦϮϼ ϱϡϨ ϩ ϮϡϣϲϦϤϥϡ ϣ ϰϯϬϮϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ (ϩ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϩϳϽϲЀ Ϯϡ ϳϯϭ); ϯϱϤϡϮϩϨϡϷϩϯϮϮϼϦ ϲϳϱϴϫϳϴϱϼ ϩ ϰϱϯϷϦϲϲϼ ϥϯϬϧϮϼ ϢϼϳϽ ϱϡϨϱϡϢϯϳϡϮϼ ϳϡϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϸϳϯϢϼ ϱϡϨϣϩϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϣϭϦϲϳϦ ϲ Ͼϳϩϭ ϯϲϯϨϮϡϮϩϦϭ ϩ ϡϥϡϰϳϩϱϯϣϡϳϽϲЀ ϫ ϮϦϭϴ981. φϲϬϩ Ϯϡ ϲϦϤϯϥϮЀ ϯϢϻϦϫϳϩϣϮϯ ϳϦϯϱϩЀ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩϩ (ϣ ϷϦϬϯϭ) ϤϯϲϴϥϡϱϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϤϯ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ – Ͼϳϯ ϱϡϲϹϩϱЀϿϺϩϪϲЀ ϲϩϲϳϦϭϮϼϪ ϫϯϭϰϬϦϫϲ ϨϮϡϮϩϪ, Ϯϡ϶ϯϥЀϺϩϪϲЀ ϣ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϤϦϮϦϨϩϲϡ ϩ ϳϦϲϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, ϵϯϱϭϩϱϴϿϺϡЀϲЀ Ϯϡϴϫϡ, ϳϯ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ – ϬϩϹϽ ϣ ϮϡϸϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϲϳϡϥϩϩ ϨϡϱϯϧϥϦϮϩЀ ϩ ϲϳϡϮϯϣϬϦϮϩЀ. ϔϲϰϦ϶ ϩϬϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϮϦϴϥϡϸϡ ϣ ϱϡϢϯϳϦ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϣ ϮϦϭϡϬϯϪ ϲϳϦϰϦϮϩ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϭ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϪ, ϣ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϲϦϤϯ ϲϬϦϥϴϦϳ ϯϰϡϲϡϳϽϲЀ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϩϬϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ, ϩ ϯϳ ϣϬϡϥϦϮϩЀ ϩϭ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϡϭϩ ϯϢϮϡϱϴϧϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϦϺЂ «Ϯϡ ϥϡϬϽϮϩ϶ ϰϯϥϲϳϴϰϡ϶», ϯϳ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϳϡϣϩϳϽ ϲϦϢϦ ϣϯϰϱϯϲ: «Ϙϳϯ ϭϼ ϴϰϴϲϫϡϦϭ?» – ϩ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯ ϯϳϣϦϸϡϳϽ Ϯϡ ϮϦϤϯ. ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ «ϩϲ϶ϯϥϩϳ ϩϨ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϼ϶ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϪ, ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϴϦϳ ϮϦϰϱϯϣϦϱϦϮϮϼϦ ϭϦϳϯϥϼ ϩ ϬϦϤϫϯϣϦϲϮϼϦ ϨϡЀϣϬϦϮϩЀ, ϸϡϲϳϯ Ϯϡ ϲϣϦϳ ϰϯЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϣϮϦϹϮϦ ϴϢϦϥϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϦ ϥϯϫϴϭϦϮϳϼ, ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ Ϯϡ ϥϦϬϦ ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϲϯϭϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ. ϔϳϣϦϱϧϥϦϮϩЀ, ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϮϦ ϣϩϥϮϯ, ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ ϭϦϱϦ ϭϼ ϴϣϦϱϦϮϼ ϣ ϩ϶ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϣϯϥЀϳ ϣ ϨϡϢϬϴϧϥϦϮϩϦ… ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ, ϲϳϱϦϭЀϲϽ ϫ “ϥϯϲϫϯϮϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ” ϩ ϩϨϴϸϡЀ ϣϲЂ ϰϯϥϱЀϥ, ϭϼ ϴϥϦϬЀϦϭ ϳϡϫ ϭϮϯϤϯ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϲϱϡϣϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϭϡϬϯϣϡϧϮϼϭ ϭϯϭϦϮϳϡϭ, ϸϳϯ ϬϩϹϡϦϭ ϲϦϢЀ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϤϬϴϢϯϫϯ ϱϡϲϲϭϯϳϱϦϳϽ ϭϮϯϤϩϦ (ϣ ϳϯϭ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϣϡϧϮϼϦ) ϡϲϰϦϫϳϼ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ982. ϒϴϺϦϲϳϣϴϿϳ ϭϮϯϤϯϸϩϲϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϩ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼϦ ϥϦϳϦϱϭϩϮϡϮϳϼ ϩ ϰϱϦϥϰϯϲϼϬϫϩ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϩ ϩϮϼ϶ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ. ω ϲϡϭϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϣϦϲϽϭϡ ϱϡϨϮϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ ϩ ϭϮϯϤϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϼ. 981 Cooper J.R. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis [ϓϦϱϡϰϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϰϡϳϯϬϯϤϩϪ: ϰϴϳϩ ϫ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϲϳϣϯϣϡϮϩϿ ϱϡϨϣϦϥ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ]. – Washington (D.C., USA): Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2005. – xi; 69 p. – P. 6–7. 982 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 32, 149. § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 473 ϏϹϩϢϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϼ: – ϰϱϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «preanalytical error»); – ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ; – ϰϯϲϳϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «postanalytical error»). ϋ ϲϬϯϣϴ, ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϲϳϡϳϩϲϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ ϯ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϢϬϩϨϩϳϦϬϽϮϯ 40 % ϯϹϩϢϯϫ (ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ, ϣ ϬϡϢϯϱϡϳϯϱϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ) ЀϣϬЀϦϳϲЀ ϰϱϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ, 40 % – ϰϯϲϳϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ ϩ ϳϯϬϽϫϯ 20 % – ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ. σϰϱϯϸϦϭ, ϳϦ ϧϦ ϡϣϳϯϱϼ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥЀϳ Ͼϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼϦ, ϨϡϭϦϸϡϿϳ: «ϋϡϧϦϳϲЀ, ϬϿϥϩ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϶ϯϳЀϳ ϣϦϱϩϳϽ, ϸϳϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϳϲЀ ϮϦ ϳϡϫ ϸϡϲϳϯ, ϫϡϫ ϰϱϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ»983. ϏϹϩϢϫϩ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϢϼϳϽ ϫϯϬϩϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϫϡϸϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϼϭϩ, ϰϯϰϱϡϣϩϭϼϭϩ ϩ ϮϦϰϯϰϱϡϣϩϭϼϭϩ, ϰϱϦϥϯϳϣϱϡϳϩϭϼϭϩ ϩ ϵϡϳϡϬϽϮϼϭϩ. ω ϣϲϦϭϩ Ͼϳϩϭϩ ϯϹϩϢϫϡϭϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϦ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϩϳ ϨϡϮϩϭϡϳϽϲЀ. φϲϬϩ ϢϯϬϦϦ ϥϦϳϡϬϽϮϯ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϩϨϩϱϯϣϡϳϽ, ϳϯ ϣ ϸϩϲϬϦ ϣϩϥϯϣ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϣϼϥϦϬϩϳϽ ϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩϦ (ϰϦϱϦϸϦϮϽ – ϮϦ ϩϲϸϦϱϰϼϣϡϿϺϩϪ; ϰϱϩϣϦϥϦϮϼ ϣϩϥϼ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϯϢϺϩϭ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϼϭ ϰϦϱϦϸϩϲϬϦϮϩϦϭ, ϢϦϨ ϫϬϡϲϲϩϵϩϷϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ Ϥϱϴϰϰϡϭ ϩϬϩ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϫϡϫϩϭ-ϬϩϢϯ ϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϩЀϭ): – ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ ϨϡϥϡϿϺϩϭ ϦЂ ϬϩϷϯϭ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϦЂ ϣϯϲϰϱϩЀϳϩЀ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ-ϩϲϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϦϭ; – ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ (ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ ϮϡϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩϪ, ϤϯϱϩϨϯϮϳϯϣ, ϲϳϣϯϱϯϣ ϩ ϤϬϴϢϩϮϼ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ; ϲϣϦϥϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ ϬϩϹϽ ϫ ϰϯϩϲϫϴ ϰϯ ϫϬϿϸϦϣϼϭ ϲϬϯϣϡϭ ϢϦϨ ϱϡϮϧϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ ϰϯ ϱϦϬϦϣϡϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ / ϩϬϩ ϢϦϨ ϴϸЂϳϡ ϥϯϰϯϬϮϩϳϦϬϽϮϼ϶ ϫϯϮϳϦϫϲϳϡ, ϫϯϮϮϯϳϡϷϩϩ, ϥϩϲϫϴϱϲϡ, ϩϮϡЀ ϰϱϯϵϡϮϡϷϩЀ ϮϡϥϬϦϧϡϺϦϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϩϲϫϡ); – ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫ ϬϯϧϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϪ, ϡ ϩϲϫϡϧЂϮϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ – ϫϡϫ ϡϴϳϦϮϳϩϸϮϯϪ; ϭϡϱϫϩϱϯϣϫϡ ϥϯϲϳϯϣϦϱϮϯϪ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ ϫϡϫ ϬϯϧϮϯϪ; – ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϬϽϮϯϦ ϨϡϣϼϹϦϮϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϨϡϮϩϧϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϪ ϷϦϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ; – ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϵϯϱϭϴϬϩϱϯϣϡϮϩЀ, «ϣϨϣϦϹϩϣϡϮϩЀ» ϩ ϲϦϬϦϫϷϩϩ ϤϩϰϯϳϦϨ, ϯϹϩϢϫϩ ϯϷϦϮϫϩ ϩ ϯϳϢϯϱϡ ϩϨ ϸϩϲϬϡ ϡϬϽϳϦϱϮϡϳϩϣϮϼ϶, ϫϯϮϫϴϱϩϱϴϿϺϩ϶ ϣϡϱϩϡϮϳϯϣ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϪ ϩ ϰϱϩϯϱϩϳϦϳϯϣ; 983 Plaut D., Westgard S., Westgard J.O. Pre-, [ϐϱϦϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ, ϰϯϲϳϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϩ <https://www.westgard.com/guest20.htm>. Post- & Analytical Errors ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ] // τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 474 – ϶ϱϯϮϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϢϦϨϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϩϣϮϯϲϳϽ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ; – ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϤϩϢϫϯϲϳϩ, ϲϳϱϯϤϯϲϳϩ, ϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϩ ϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϰϱϯϥϴϫϳϦ; ϱϡϨϭϼϳϩϦ ϵϯϫϴϲϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϣϩ˃ϥϦϮϩЀ; – ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϦ ϱϡϲϲϬϯϦϮϩϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ (ϡϮϤϬ. – «defective layering of analysis») Ϯϡ ϣϨϡϩϭϮϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϱϦϸϡϺϩϦ ϩϬϩ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϩϡϬϽϮϯ ϮϦ ϲϳϼϫϴϦϭϼϦ ϱϦϨϴϬϽϳϡϳϼ; – ϰϯϥϤϯϮϫϡ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ (ϩϥϦϯϬϯϤϩϸϦϲϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϾϭϯϷϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϯ ϭϯϳϩϣϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϡЀ, ϩϬϩ ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ Ϥϱϴϰϰϯϣϼϭ ϥϡϣϬϦϮϩϦϭ ϫϯϬϬϦϤ ϬϩϢϯ «ϲϭϦϧϮϩϫϯϣ», ϩϬϩ ϣ ϲϩϬϴ ϲϯϢϲϳϣϦϮϮϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϬϩϢϯ ϮϦϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ); ϮϡϰϱϩϭϦϱ – ϩϲϰϯϬϽϨϯϣϡϮϩϦ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϫϩ ϲϣϯϦϪ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϩ (ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳϡ) ϣ ϴϲϬϯϣϩЀ϶, ϫϯϤϥϡ ϳϡ ϧϦ ϲϡϭϡЀ ϸϡϲϳϽ ϳϡϫ ϧϦ ϯϥϮϯϣϱϦϭϦϮϮϯ ϰϯϥϥϦϱϧϩϣϡϦϳ ϩ ϰϱЀϭϯ ϰϱϯϳϩϣϯϰϯϬϯϧϮϴϿ ϰϯϨϩϷϩϿ (ϡϱϤϴϭϦϮϳ), ϲ ϩϤϮϯϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϭ ϾϳϯϤϯ ϵϡϫϳϡ; – ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϡЀ ϮϦϰϱϯϨϯϱϬϩϣϯϲϳϽ, ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϦϮϮϡЀ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϼϭ ϰϱϩϭϦϮϦϮϩϦϭ ϳϦ϶ϮϯϬϯϤϩϪ ϰϱϦϥϩϫϳϩϣϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩϬϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϦϨϱϦϬϯϲϳϽϿ ϣ ϸϡϲϳϩ ϮϦϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϩϨϮϡϳϽ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϽ ϩ ϮϦϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϯϲϳϽ ϩϭϦϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶ ϥϬЀ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϰϱϯϤϮϯϨϯϣ; – ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϪ ϰϱϯϰϴϲϫ ϲϱϯϫϯϣ, ϨϡϰϡϨϥϼϣϡϮϩϦ, ϯϢϴϲϬϯϣϬϩϣϡϿϺϦϦ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ ϨϮϡϸϩϭϼϪ ϱϡϨϱϼϣ ϭϦϧϥϴ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϼϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦϭ (ϰϯϬϯϧϦϮϩϦϭ) ϥϦϬ ϣ ϳϦϫϴϺϦϪ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϲϯϨϥϡϮϮϼϭ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭ ϯϢϱϡϨϯϭ, ϯϳϱϡϧϡϿϺϩϭ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϥϦϬ ϣ ϴϧϦ ϰϱϯϹϦϥϹϦϪ, ϩϨϭϦϮϩϣϹϦϪϲЀ ϱϦϡϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. ϒϭ. ϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ Ϯϡ ϱϩϲ. 7-2 ϩ 7-3. ϑϩϲ. 7-2. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ. ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϩ, Ϯϡϰϱϯϳϩϣ, ϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯϪ § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϑϩϲ. 7-3. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϪ. ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϩϧϦϮϩЀ ϰϯϲϳϡϣϬϦϮϮϼ϶ 475 ϷϦϬϦϪ ϔϫϡϨϡϮϮϼϦ ϣϼϹϦ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϲϯϣϦϱϹϦϮϮϯ ϮϦ ϯϢЀϨϡϳϦϬϽϮϯ ϲϣЀϨϡϮϼ ϲ ϮϩϨϫϯϪ ϫϣϡϬϩϵϩϫϡϷϩϦϪ ϩ ϮϦϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϩϬϩ ϮϦϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϯϲϳϽϿ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ. σϦϱϯЀϳϮϯϲϳϽ ϮϦϩϨϢϦϧϮϼ϶ ϯϹϩϢϯϫ ϲϴϺϦϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ Ϩϡϣϩϲϩϳ ϯϳ ϲϬϯϧϮϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϲϳϱϦϢϴϦϭϼ϶ ϯϳ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ ϲϫϯϱϯϲϳϩ ϩ ϩϮϳϦϮϲϩϣϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϩϭϼ϶ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ, ϯϳ ϫϱϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϮϦϥϯϲϳϡϳϯϸϮϯϲϳϩ, ϮϦϰϯϬϮϯϳϼ ϯϰϦϱϩϱϴϦϭϼ϶ ϥϡϮϮϼ϶. ώϦϱϦϥϫϯ Ͼϳϯ ϰϱЀϭϯϦ ϲϬϦϥϲϳϣϩϦ ϳϯϤϯ, ϸϳϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫ (ϣϰϯϬϮϦ ϫϯϭϰϦϳϦϮϳϮϼϪ ϩ ϥϯϢϱϯϲϯϣϦϲϳϮϼϪ) ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϱϦϥϴϮϥϡϮϳϮϯ (ϸϱϦϨϭϦϱϮϯ ϰϦϱϦϩϨϢϼϳϯϸϮϯ) ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮ ϯϢϻЂϭϡϭϩ ϭϡϲϲϩϣϯϣ ϩ ϰϯϳϯϫϯϣ ϩϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϩ (ϢϴϫϣϡϬϽϮϯ ϨϡϣϡϬϦϮ ϥϡϮϮϼϭϩ ϩ ϢϴϭϡϤϡϭϩ ϲ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϩϮϳϦϬϬϦϫϳϴϡϬϽϮϯϪ ϩ ϲϦϮϲϯϱϮϯϪ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϨϫϡϭϩ), ϡ ϱϡϣϮϯ ϮϦϡϥϦϫϣϡϳϮϯ ϩ ϮϦϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯ ϦϤϯ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϰϦϱϦϤϱϴϧϦϮ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀϭϩ (ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩϭϩ Ϩϡϥϡϸϡϭϩ ϩ ϲϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϭϩ ϱϡϢϯϳϡϭϩ). ω ϣϲЂ Ͼϳϯ Ϯϡ ϵϯϮϦ ϥϦϨϩϮϳϦϤϱϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ (ϯϳϲϴϳϲϳϣϩЀ ϲϫϯϯϱϥϩϮϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϲϳϩ) ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϯϣ, ϰϱϩϣϬϦϸЂϮϮϼ϶ ϫ ϱϦϹϦϮϩϿ ϯϢϺϦϪ Ϩϡϥϡϸϩ, ϩ ϥϦϵϦϫϳϯϣ ϴϰϱϡϣϬϦϮϩЀ ϣϮϴϳϱϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϤϯ ϰϯϥϱϡϨϥϦϬϦϮϩЀ. σ ϳϡϫϩ϶ ϲϩϳϴϡϷϩЀ϶ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ 476 τόρσρ 7. υϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϭϯϤϴϳ ϰϱϯϲϳϯ ϣϼϮϴϥϩϳϽ ϰϯϪϳϩ Ϯϡ ϵϡϢϱϩϫϡϷϩϿ ϣϼϣϯϥϯϣ ϥϬЀ «ϱϡϨϤϱϦϢϡϮϩЀ ϡϣϤϩϦϣϼ϶ ϫϯϮϿϹϦϮ» (ϫϡϫ ϲϮϦϧϮϼϪ ϫϯϭ ϮϡϫϡϰϬϩϣϡϿϺϩ϶ϲЀ) ϨϡϥϡϮϩϪ. ϓϡϫϯϦ ϲϯϲϳϯЀϮϩϦ ϦϺЂ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϿϳ «ϨϡϲϳϱϦϣϡϮϩϦϭ ϣ ϫϯϬϦϲϦ ϶ϯϭЀϫϡ» (ϡϮϤϬ. – «stuck on a hamster wheel»). ϒϯϤϬϡϲϮϯ ρϬϬϦϮϴ υϡϬϬϦϲϴ, ϥϡϧϦ ϮϡϩϢϯϬϦϦ ϰϯϥϤϯϳϯϣϬϦϮϮϼϦ ϲϯϳϱϴϥϮϩϫϩ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ ϥϯϰϴϲϫϡϿϳ ϰϱϯϵϦϲϲϩϯϮϡϬϽϮϼϦ ϯϹϩϢϫϩ, 984 ϲϣϩϥϦϳϦϬϽϲϳϣϴϿϺϩϦ, ϸϳϯ ϩ ϯϮϩ ϮϦ ЀϣϬЀϿϳϲЀ ϮϦϰϯϤϱϦϹϩϭϼϭϩ . ϐϯ σϡϹϩϮϤϳϯϮϴ ϐϬϾϳϳϴ, ϸϡϲϳϯ ϣϲϳϱϦϸϡϿϺϡЀϲЀ «ϯϹϩϢϫϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϣ ϳϯϭ, ϸϳϯ ϣ ϫϡϫϯϪ-ϳϯ ϯϰϱϦϥϦϬЂϮϮϼϪ ϲϱϯϫ ϮϡϭϦϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϩϳϽ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ, ϸϦϭ Ͼϳϯ ϭϯϧϮϯ ϲϥϦϬϡϳϽ ϣ ϥϦϪϲϳϣϩϳϦϬϽϮϯϲϳϩ. Ϟϳϯ ϰϱϩϣϯϥϩϳ ϫ ϳϡϫ ϮϡϨϼϣϡϦϭϯϭϴ “ϾϵϵϦϫϳϴ ϬϯϤϡϱϩϵϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ”. υϯϰϴϲϳϩϭ, ϸϳϯ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϯϲϳϯϩϳ ϩϨ ϥϦϣЀϳϩ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ, ϫϡϧϥϡЀ ϩϨ ϫϯϳϯϱϼ϶ ϳϱϦϢϴϦϳ ϰϱϩϭϦϱϮϯ ϱϡϣϮϯϪ Ϩϡϳϱϡϳϼ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ. ϐϯϬϴϸϡϦϳϲЀ ϧϦ ϳϡϫ, ϸϳϯ Ϯϡ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩϦ ϰϦϱϣϼ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϱϡϢϯϳϼ ϰϱϩ϶ϯϥϩϳϲЀ ϢϯϬϽϹϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ, ϡ Ϯϡ ϨϡϣϦϱϹϦϮϩϦ ϰϯϲϬϦϥϴϿϺϩ϶ ϸϡϲϳϦϪ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϯϲϳϡЂϳϲЀ ϣϲЂ ϭϦϮϽϹϦ ϩ ϭϦϮϽϹϦ. φϲϬϩ ϩϨϯϢϱϡϨϩϳϽ ϶ϯϥ ϣϼϰϯϬϮϦϮϩЀ ϳϡϫϯϤϯ ϨϡϥϡϮϩЀ ϤϱϡϵϩϸϦϲϫϩ, ϳϯ ϰϯϬϴϸϩϳϲЀ ϮϦϸϳϯ ϮϡϰϯϭϩϮϡϿϺϦϦ ϹϫϡϬϴ ϬϯϤϡϱϩϵϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ»985 (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 7-4). ϑϩϲ. 7-4. ϑϡϲϰϱϦϥϦϬϦϮϩϦ ϣϱϦϭϦϮϩ ϰϱϯϩϨϣϯϥϲϳϣϡ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ ϱϡϢϯϳ ϰϯ ϹϫϡϬϦ ϬϯϤϡϱϩϵϭϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϬϩϮϦϪϫϩ (ϱϦϰϬϩϫϡ ϩϬϬϿϲϳϱϡϷϩϩ ϩϨ ϫϮϩϤϩ σ. ϐϬϾϳϳϡ). ϒϯϯϳϣϦϳϲϳϣϦϮϮϯ, ϯϸϦϮϽ ϣϡϧϮϯ ϲϯϢϬϿϥϦϮϩϦ ϳϱϦϢϯϣϡϮϩϪ ϲϯϱϡϨϭϦϱϮϯϲϳϩ, ϲϯϯϢϱϡϨϮϯϲϳϩ ϰϯϲϳϡϮϯϣϫϩ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϩ϶ Ϩϡϥϡϸ ϣϯϨϭϯϧϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϩ ϲϰϯϲϯϢϮϯϲϳЀϭ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϤϯ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫϡ-ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ, ϡ ϲϣϯϩ ϰϱϦϥϦϬϼ ϳϡϫϯϣϼ϶ ϦϲϳϽ ϥϡϧϦ ϴ ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϰϱϯϥϣϩϮϴϳϯϤϯ ϣ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϸϦϲϫϯϭ ϭϡϲϳϦϱϲϳϣϦ ϩ ϩϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϦ, ϲϡϭϯϤϯ ϣϼϲϯϫϯϫϬϡϲϲϮϯϤϯ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϡ (ϲϭ. ϱϩϲ. 7-5). 984 υϡϬϬϦϲ ρ. ωϲϫϴϲϲϳϣϯ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ., ϲ ϲϯϫϱϡϺ. – ύ.: ύϦϧϥϴϮϡϱϯϥϮϼϦ ϯϳϮϯϹϦϮϩЀ; ϔϬϩϲϲ, 1992. – 288 ϲ. – ϒ. 192. 985 ϐϬϾϳϳ σ. ωϮϵϯϱϭϡϷϩϯϮϮϡЀ ϱϡϢϯϳϡ ϲϳϱϡϳϦϤϩϸϦϲϫϯϪ ϱϡϨϣϦϥϫϩ: ϏϲϮϯϣϮϼϦ ϰϱϩϮϷϩϰϼ: ϐϦϱ. ϲ ϡϮϤϬ. φ.ς. ϐϦϲϫϯϣϡ / ϐϯϥ ϱϦϥ. ρ.ϕ. ϕЂϥϯϱϯϣϡ. – ύ.: ωϨϥ-ϣϯ ϩϮϯϲϳϱϡϮϮϯϪ ϬϩϳϦϱϡϳϴϱϼ, 1958. – 342 ϲ. – ϒ. 55. § 7.2. υϦϵϦϫϳϼ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ ϩ ϥϦϣϩϡϮϳϯϬϯϤϩЀ ϰϱϩϫϬϡϥϮϯϪ ϡϮϡϬϩϳϩϫϩ 477 ϑϩϲ. 7-5. ϏϢϱϡϨϮϯϦ ϯϳϯϢϱϡϧϦϮϩϦ ϮϦϣϦϱϮϯ ϩ ϮϦϯϢϯϲϮϯϣϡϮϮϯ ϲϰϱϯϦϫϳϩϱϯϣϡϮϮϯϪ ϩ ϨϡϥϡϮϮϯϪ ϫϯϮϫϱϦϳϮϯϭϴ ϰϱϡϫϳϩϫ