CONNECTORS – words that link sentences. Ex: He was having a shower. The phone rang. When the phone rang, he was having a shower. They moved to the USA so that they could escape. She sold her guitar to buy a computer. ●So that* He left his home in order that he ●To might become independent. ●In order to He went out in order to buy a pizza. ●In order that* (* + modal verb) When the weather is fine, we go for a drive. If you don’t study, you’ll While she was watching TV, she fail. heard a noise. Take your umbrella in After they had dinner, they went to case it rains. the café. As soon as he saw her, he smiled I don’t know whether to at her. sit or to stand. Unless he comes, we won’t get to know him. ●When ●While* ●After ●Until ●Since ●As soon as ●If ●In case ●Unless ●Whether (*+Past/ Pres. Continuous) ● Because ● Although* ● But ● In spite of ** (* + clause) (** + gerund or noun) ● As ● Since I’m not going out because I’ve got a terrible cold. She gave up smoking as it was damaging her health. We won’t move into London since we don’t have a house there. He always carries his umbrella although the weather is fine. He got married but his wife left him later. She couldn’t get the job in spite of trying hard. She couldn’t get the job in spite of her effort. Indicate which kind of connector is presented in the following sentences. Follow the example. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. It rained a lot but he went to the cinema all the same. I won’t go to the cinema since it’s raining a lot. I haven’t seen Mary since I went to the cinema. When I saw Mary she was at the cinema. If you go to the cinema, call Mary. I go to the cinema to relax. CONTRAST JOIN THE TWO SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE CONNECTOR. YOU CAN WRITE MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE AND YOU MAY HAVE TO CHANGE THE SENTENCES. A. CONTRAST 1. He wanted to read the newspaper. He watched TV. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Nelson was very ill. He didn’t go to the doctor. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Kate is allergic to chocolate. She ate a bit. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B. PURPOSE 1. The news arrive our homes. We are well informed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They study foreign languages. They speak with their foreign friends. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Tom reads a lot. He writes perfectly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C. REASON / CAUSE 1. Reporters invade people’s lives. People don’t trust the press. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Peter went to the doctor. He wasn’t feeling well. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Anne cried a lot. Her dog died. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D. CONDITION 1. She has not made up her mind yet. She doesn’t know if she wants to go to university or not. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. I’ll go to the party. The only condition is that he asks me. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Maria will go to England. There’s one condition though – her parents let her. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E. TIME 1. They arrived home. Their parents were listening to the radio. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They arrived at the cinema. The film had already begun. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. The pupils answered the test right away. They received the test. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1st page 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Reason Time Time Condition Purpose 2nd page A. CONTRAST 1. He wanted to read the newspaper but he watched TV. Although he wanted to read the newspaper, he watched TV. 2. Nelson was very ill but he didn’t go to the doctor. Although Nelson was very ill, he didn’t go to the doctor. In spite of being very ill, he didn’t go to the doctor. In spite of his illness, he didn’t go to the doctor. 3. Although Kate is allergic to chocolate, she ate a bit. Kate is allergic to chocolate but she ate a bit. In spite of being allergic to chocolate, she ate a bit. In spite of her allergy, she ate a bit of chocolate. B. PURPOSE 1. The news arrive our homes so that we can be well informed. In order to be well informed, the news arrive our homes. 2. They study foreign languages to speak with their foreign friends. They study foreign languages so that they can speak with their foreign friends. They study foreign languages so as to speak with their foreign friends. 3. Tom reads a lot so as to write perfectly. Tom reads a lot so that he can write perfectly. C. REASON / CAUSE 1. People don’t trust the press because reporters invade people’s lives. Since reporters invade people’s lives, people don’t trust the press. 2. Peter went to the doctor because he wasn’t feeling well. As Peter wasn’t feeling well, he went to the doctor. 3. Anne cried a lot because her dog died. Since Anne’s dog died, she cried a lot. D. CONDITION 1. She doesn’t know whether she wants to go to university or not. 2. I’ll go to the party if he asks me. I won’t go to the party unless he asks me. In case he asks me, I’ll go to the party. 3. Maria will go to England if her parents let her. In case her parents let her, Maria will go to England. E. TIME 1. When they arrived home, their parents were listening to the radio. 2. When they arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. 3. As soon the received the test, they answered the test right away.
