RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЮ ПОДГОТОВИЛ СТУДЕНТ 1 КУРСА ВАЦЕК ДМИТРИЙ MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV • MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV (1711-1765) WAS A GREAT RUSSIAN SCIENTIST, THE FOUNDER OF MOSCOW UNIVERSITY. HE WAS BORN IN THE VILLAGE OF MISHANINSKAYA, NEAR KHOLMOGOR, AND FROM CHILDHOOD SHOWED INTEREST IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. • LOMONOSOV STUDIED PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ASTRONOMY AND OTHER SCIENCES, AND ALSO STUDIED LITERATURE AND ART. HE WROTE MANY SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND WORKS THAT ARE STILL BEING STUDIED AT UNIVERSITIES. • ONE OF LOMONOSOV'S MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IS THE CREATION OF THE THEORY OF CORPUSCULAR KINETIC THEORY OF HEAT, WHICH EXPLAINS THERMAL PHENOMENA BASED ON PARTICLE MOTION. THIS THEORY HAS BECOME THE BASIS OF MODERN THERMODYNAMICS. DMITRY MENDELEEV • DMITRY MENDELEEV (1834-1907) WAS AN OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN SCIENTIST, THE CREATOR OF THE PERIODIC TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. MENDELEEV WAS BORN IN TOBOLSK, WHERE HIS FATHER WAS THE DIRECTOR OF A GYMNASIUM. HE BEGAN STUDYING CHEMISTRY AT ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY, AND THEN CONTINUED HIS EDUCATION IN GERMANY. • MENDELEEV MADE A HUGE CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMISTRY. HE DISCOVERED MANY NEW CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS, AND ALSO DEVELOPED A THEORY OF THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF MATTER. MENDELEEV WAS ALSO ENGAGED IN RESEARCH IN PHYSICS, METEOROLOGY, GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES. • MENDELEEV'S MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENT IS THE CREATION OF A PERIODIC TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, WHICH BECAME THE BASIS OF MODERN CHEMISTRY. THIS SYSTEM ALLOWS YOU TO PREDICT THE PROPERTIES OF UNKNOWN ELEMENTS BASED ON THEIR POSITION IN THE TABLE. IVAN PAVLOV • IVAN PAVLOV (1849-1936) WAS A RUSSIAN PHYSIOLOGIST, NOBEL PRIZE WINNER AND ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY. HE IS KNOWN FOR HIS RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF PHYSIOLOGY, ESPECIALLY THE STUDY OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES IN ANIMALS. • PAVLOV WAS BORN IN RYAZAN INTO A FAMILY OF A PRIEST AND EDUCATED IN ST. PETERSBURG. HE CONDUCTED HIS RESEARCH IN THE LABORATORY OF THE INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE IN ST. PETERSBURG, WHERE HE STUDIED THE MECHANISMS OF DIGESTION AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. • HE DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR STUDYING CONDITIONED REFLEXES, WHICH CONSISTS IN THE FACT THAT AN ANIMAL LEARNS TO ASSOCIATE A CERTAIN STIMULUS (FOR EXAMPLE, THE SOUND OF A BELL) WITH RECEIVING FOOD. THEN, WHEN THE ANIMAL HEARS THE BELL, IT BEGINS TO REACT, EVEN IF IT DOES NOT RECEIVE FOOD. • THIS METHOD ALLOWED PAVLOV TO STUDY THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOR, AS WELL AS EXPLORE THE MECHANISMS OF LEARNING AND MEMORY. KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY • KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY (1857-1935) WAS AN OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN SCIENTIST, THE FOUNDER OF THEORETICAL COSMONAUTICS. TSIOLKOVSKY WAS BORN IN THE RYAZAN PROVINCE, IN THE FAMILY OF A FORESTER. HE WAS EDUCATED IN MOSCOW, WHERE HE STUDIED PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS. • TSIOLKOVSKY WAS ENGAGED IN RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF AERODYNAMICS, THE THEORY OF ROCKET SCIENCE AND SPACE FLIGHT. HE DEVELOPED THE PRINCIPLES OF JET PROPULSION AND PROPOSED USING ROCKETS TO FLY INTO OUTER SPACE. • THE SCIENTIST ALSO PREDICTED THE POSSIBILITY OF USING ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES FOR COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION, AS WELL AS THE POSSIBILITY OF CREATING ORBITAL STATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS ON OTHER PLANETS. SERGEY KOROLEV • SERGEY KOROLEV (1906-1966) WAS A SOVIET DESIGNER OF ROCKET AND SPACE SYSTEMS, CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF CHIEF DESIGNERS OF THE USSR, ACADEMICIAN OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. • KOROLEV WAS BORN IN ZHYTOMYR, UKRAINE, INTO A TEACHER'S FAMILY. HE WAS EDUCATED AT THE KIEV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, WHERE HE STUDIED AVIATION TECHNOLOGY. • UNDER KOROLEV'S LEADERSHIP, THE FIRST SOVIET SPACESHIPS WERE CREATED, INCLUDING VOSTOK-1, ON WHICH YURI GAGARIN FLEW. KOROLEV ALSO LED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOYUZ LAUNCH VEHICLES, WHICH ARE STILL IN USE TODAY. • FOR HIS ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF COSMONAUTICS, KOROLEV WAS AWARDED MANY AWARDS AND TITLES, INCLUDING THE TITLE OF HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOR AND LENIN PRIZE LAUREATE. IGOR KURCHATOV • IGOR KURCHATOV IS A FAMOUS SOVIET PHYSICIST, FOUNDER OF THE INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY, ONE OF THE CREATORS OF THE SOVIET ATOMIC BOMB. • HE WAS BORN ON DECEMBER 30, 1902 IN THE SIMSKY FACTORY (NOW SIMA) IN THE FAMILY OF A SURVEYOR. IN 1920, HE ENTERED THE TAURIDE UNIVERSITY IN SIMFEROPOL AT THE FACULTY OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS, FROM WHICH HE GRADUATED IN 1923. • DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, KURCHATOV WORKED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS TO PROTECT SHIPS FROM MAGNETIC MINES. IN 1946, A SPECIAL COMMITTEE UNDER THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR WAS ESTABLISHED UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF L.P. BERIA, WHO WAS ENGAGED IN THE CREATION OF THE SOVIET ATOMIC PROJECT. KURCHATOV WAS APPOINTED SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR OF THE PROJECT. • UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP, THE FIRST SOVIET NUCLEAR REACTOR WAS CREATED, THE FIRST SOVIET ATOMIC BOMB (1949) AND THE FIRST SOVIET THERMONUCLEAR BOMB (1953) WERE TESTED. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION