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Deponentlanadigan materiallarning titul varag‘i EHM uchun dastur (Ma’lumotlar bazasi) nomi: “Dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalari” Huquq ega(lar)si : 1. Qurbonazarov Suhrob Erkin o‘g‘li Muallif(lar): 1. Abdiraxmonov Islom Soatovich 1 EHM uchun dasturni identifikatsiya qiluvchi materiallar dastlabki matni (Dastur kodi) <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoftcom:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Untitled 2</title> <base target="main" /> <style type="text/css"> p.MsoNormal{ margin-bottom:0,0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:12,0000pt; } .style1 { font-size: 16pt; } a{ color: #FFCC00; } </style> </head> 2 <body style="background-color: #00FF00"> DIELEKTRIK QIZDIRISH QURILMALARI </body> </html> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoftcom:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Dielektrik qizdirish</title> <style type="text/css"> p.MsoNormal{ margin-bottom:0,0000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:12,0000pt; } 3 p.15{ margin-bottom:10,0000pt; margin-left:36,0000pt; line-height:114%; font-family:Calibri; font-size:11,0000pt; } .style3 { font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic; } .style4 { font-size: 14pt; } .style5 { vertical-align: sub; background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style6 { font-size: 10pt; } .style7 { font-family: "Times New Roman"; 4 background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style8 { background-color: #FFCC66; } .style9 { font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic; background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style10 { font-size: 14pt; background-color: #FFCC66; } .style11 { font-size: 10pt; background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style12 { background-color: #808000; } .style13 { font-size: 14pt; 5 background-color: #808000; } .style14 { background-color: #808000; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style15 { font-size: 14pt; background-color: #808000; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style17 { font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } a{ color: #C0C0C0; } a:visited { color: #C0C0C0; } a:active { color: #C0C0C0; } a:hover { color: #C0C0C0; 6 } .style18 { background-color: #C0C0C0; } .style19 { background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .style20 { font-size: 14pt; background-color: #C0C0C0; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } </style> <base target="_blank" /> <meta http-equiv="Page-Enter" content="revealTrans(Duration=2.0,Transition=18)" /> </head> <body style="background-color: #C0C0C0; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> Reja:<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]> 7 1. <![endif]>Yarim oʻtkazgichli va dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining ish rejimi.<o:p></o:p> 2. Dielektrikli qizdirishning sanoatda qoʻllanilishi.<o:p> </o:p> 1. Yarim oʻtkazgichli va dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining ish rejimi<o:p></o:p> Yuqori chastotali dielektrik (kondensatorli) qizdirish qurilmalarni elektr o‘tkazmaydigan materiallarga issiqlik bilan har xil ko‘rinishdagi ishlov berishda (termoplastik plenkalarni payvandlash, yog‘ochni quritish va yelimlash, qo’yilgan o‘zaklarni quritish, oziq-ovqatlarni pishirish va konservalash va h.k.) qo‘llaniladi. Bu qurilmalar ikki xil bo‘ladi: aslida 8 dielektrik qizitish yuqori chastotada ishlayotgan qurilmalar (66 kHz÷100 MHz) va o‘ta yuqori chastotali qurilmalar (1000 MHz va undan yuqori chastotali).<o:p></o:p> Dielektrik qizitish kondensatorni elektr maydonida siljish tokining paydo bo‘lishiga asoslanadi (1-rasm).<o:p></o:p> Kondensator plastinkalariga kuchlanish berilganda dielektrik hajm birligida ajralayotgan quvvat Po (kVt/m3) (plastinalar 9 oralig‘i ℓ, m),U – kuchlanish, kV. <o:p></o:p> <img width="277" height="28" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps47.png" />,<o:p></o:p> bu yerda, E = U/ℓ kondensatordagi elektr maydonining kuchlanganligi, kV/m; <o:p></o:p> f – chastota, Hz; 10 εaqizitilayotgan qism materialini mutloq dielektrik o‘tkazuvchanligi, f/m; δ – materialnnig dielektrik yo‘qotishlar burchagi.  <o:p></o:p> <img width="560" height="204" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps48.jpg" /><o:p> </o:p> 1 – rasm. Dielektrik qizdirish sxemalari:<o:p></o:p> 11 a – elektr maydonida; b – elektr magnit maydonida; (eng yuqori chastotada):<o:p></o:p> 1 – elektrodlar; 2 – qizdiriladigan narsa; 3 – toʻlqin kiritgich; 4 – rezonator<o:p></o:p> <o:p>  </o:p> Dielektriklar 12 va yarim o‘tkazgichlarni qizitish uchun yuqori chastotali o‘z-o‘zini qo‘zg‘atuvchi lampali generatorlar qo‘llaniladi. Ularning tebranishi berk zanjiriga qizitilayotgan material bilan ishlovchi kondensator kiradi. Berk zanjir va generator chastotasi, Hz<o:p></o:p> <img width="151" height="35" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps49.png" /><o:p></o:p> bu yerda, Cyu – yukning sig‘imi, F; L –berk zanjirning induktivligi, Gn.<o:p></o:p> 13 Yuqori chastotali VCHD seriyali 5,28; 13,56; 27,12; 40,68; 81,36 MGs davr tezliklariga va 0,6 dan 63 kVt quvvatli lampali generatorlar ishlab chiqariladi.<o:p></o:p> Elektr maydoniga joylashtirilgan dielektrikning zarrachasi, musbat zaryadlangan zarachalarni bir tomonga, manfiy zaryadlangan zarachalarni boshqa tomonga siljishi, mexanik ta’sirni sezadi. Natijada musbat va manfiy zarachalar-ning elektr ta’sirining markazida mos kelmayda va tashqi fazoda bunday molekula xuddi dipol kabi tushiniladi, ya’ni ikki teng tizimdek, lekin qarama qarshi zaryadlar + q va (– q), bir biriga nisbatan ℓ masofaga siljishi (2,a – rasm). Dipolning bir tomonga yoʻnalishi moʻljalga ega bo‘lgan bunday dielektrik, qutblangan deb ataladi.<o:p></o:p> Qutblanish bir nechta turlarga ajratiladi.<o:p></o:p> Elektronli qutblanish atomning siljish bulutining yadro atomiga ega bo‘lgan 14 oxirgi dipolning momentiga bog‘liq (2, a – rasm). <o:p></o:p> Elektronlarning o‘z tebranish vaqti 10-14; 10-15 s tashkil qiladi, bu vaqtning o‘zida elektronli qutblanishi oʻrnatiladi.<o:p></o:p> Ionli qutblanish ionlarning elastikli siljishi qattiq dielektiriklarda ionli kristalli panjaralarga bog‘liq (ionlar Na+ va S1 osh tuzida).<o:p></o:p> Panjaralarning o‘z tebranish davri 10-12; 10-13 s tashkil qiladi. Ionning elastikli qutblanishi xuddi shu tartibda.<o:p></o:p> <img width="527" height="150" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps50.jpg" /> <o:p></o:p> 2 – rasm. Elektr maydonida dielektrikning qutblanish ko‘rinishlari:<o:p></o:p> a – atomlar qutblanishi; b – yoʻnaltirilgan qutblanish<o:p></o:p> <o:p>  </o:p> <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> 16 Yoʻnaltirilgan qutblanish dielektrikli molekulali joyiga ega<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; fontstyle: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9">, <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> tashqi elektr maydon borligiga qaramasdan, o‘zi qatiq dipollardan iborat. Chala burilishlarda va tartibga keltirilgan elektr maydonning tashqi fazasida qutblanish pado bo‘ladi (2, b – rasm).<o:p></o:p> Dielektrikning qutblanishi faqat o‘zgarmas tokda emas, o‘zgaruvchan tokli elektr maydonida ham qutblanadi. Bunday holatda, elastik dipollar tebranadi, qattiqlari toʻg‘ri va teskari yoʻnalishlarda yoʻnaltirilgan qutblanish maydon chastotasi bilan o‘zgaradi.<o:p></o:p> 17 Energiya isroflarida qutblanish molekulalar o‘zaro ishqalanishida (ishqalanishdagi isrof) va dipolning siljishida (dipolli isroflar) kuzatiladi. Energiyaning isrofi dielektrikni yoki yarim o‘tkazgichni qizdirishda ifodalanadi, uning tezligi, koʻpincha, maydon chastotasining o‘zgarishidaboʻladi. Qutblanish davridagi isrof molekulalarning siljishini tashqi maydonga nisbatan kechikishiga olib keladi. Chastota ortishi bilan maksimumga erishmagunicha kechikish ortib boradi. Chastotani yanada oshirilishi muhitning yelim shaklliligi (yopishqoqligi) sababli teskari natijaga qutblanishning kamayishiga olib keladi, bu moddaning keskin dielektirik singishiga olib keladi. Kondensatordan oʻtayotgan dielektrik toki ikki holatga ega: siljish toki Ism = jwSU va o‘tkazuvchanlik toki <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> I<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">p<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> gU. To‘la tok, dielektrik orqali o‘tadi,<o:p></o:p> 19 <img width="228" height="26" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps51.png" />.<o:p></o:p> O‘tkazuvchanlik tokining siljish tokiga nisbati Ip/Ism=tgδ va uni dielektrikdagi isrof koeffitsiyenti orqali aniqlanadi.<o:p></o:p> tgδ ko‘rsatgichlari 20 moddaning fizikaviy holatiga va turiga (namligi, haroratlari, bundan tashqari maydonning chastotasiga bog‘liq).<o:p></o:p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> Dielektrikda ajralib chiqayotgan quvvatni vektor diogrammadan olish mumkin<o:p></o:p> <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> P= U<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps52.png" /><span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9">I<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps53.png" />cosφ ≈ U<img width="7" height="7" 21 src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps54.png" />I<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps55.png" /><span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; backgroundrepeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">tgδ<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; fontsize: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> = wC<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps56.png" />U2<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps57.png" />tgδ,<o:p></o:p> bu yerda, w = <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20"> 2рf – burchak tezlik, rad/s; <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> C – yassi 23 kondensatorning sig‘imi, F; <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> C= <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> ℇℇ<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">o<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20">S/d (C-kondensator plsatinasining maydoni, m2; <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> 24 d - plastinalar orasidagi masofa, m; <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style3"> ℇo = 8,85-10-12 F/m – vakuumning dielektrikli singdirishi). Bundan ko‘rinib turibdiki, dielektrikning sig‘imi <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> C<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New 25 Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">d ga teng va elektr maydonning kuchlanganligi <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> E= U/d (V/m), dielektrik sig‘imi birligida ajralib chiqayotgan quvvat, <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> P<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; fontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">0  (Vt/m3),<o:p></o:p> Po=5,56<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps58.png" />10-11<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps59.png" />f<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps60.png" />E2<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps61.png" /><span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style3">ℇ<img width="7" height="7" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps62.png" />tgδ<o:p></o:p> Uzatiladigan solishtirma quvvat <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> P<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; fontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">0 28 <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> metallni qizdirishga sarflanadi, namlikning bug‘lanishi yoki boshqa uchuvchi kompanentlar. Issiqlikning sarflanishida solishtirma quvvat faqat materialga qabul qilinadigan isitishga, mos kelishi kerak.<o:p></o:p> <img width="126" height="48" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps63.png" /><o:p></o:p> 29 bu yerda, <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> C<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; fontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">r – materialning solishtirma issiqlik sig‘imi, Dj/(g-K); <img width="13" height="17" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps64.png" /> <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style3">– materialning zichligi, g/sm3; <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style3"> ∆T/∆τ – materialning qizish tezligi, K/s; ηt –  atrof muhitdagi isrofni hisobga oladigan issiqlik jarayonning termik 31 FIK.<o:p></o:p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> Issiqlik faqat bug‘lanishga sarflanadi<o:p></o:p> <img width="96" height="48" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps65.png" /><o:p></o:p> bu yerda, <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style3"> L – 32 <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style4"> berilgan qizitish haroratida yashirin issiqlik o‘zgartirilishi, Dj/g; <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; background: rgb(255,255,255); msoshading: rgb(255,255,255);" class="style3"> ∆M/ ∆τ – bo‘g‘lanish tezligi, G/(sm<span style="backgroundposition: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letterspacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: super; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20">3s).<o:p></o:p> 33 <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> Yuqoridagi tenglamalar tahlilidan quyidagicha xulosa qilish mumkin.<o:p></o:p> 2. Dielektrikli qizdirishning sanoatda qoʻllanilishi<o:p></o:p> 1 a va b – rasmlarda dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining texnologik bo‘limlari sxemasi keltirilgan.<o:p></o:p> Texnologik tugunlar katta hajmli sochiluvchan mahsulotlarni va to‘kiluvchi narsalarni qizdirish va quritilishi ko‘rsatilgan. 3, d-rasmda penoplastdan mahsulotlar tayyorlash texnologiya tuguni sxemasi keltirilgan.<o:p></o:p> 34 3, e-rasmda suyuqliklar, tasmalar, o‘rashlar, yassi mahsulotlar chopuvchi to‘lqin bilan to‘lqin keltirgichlarda qizitilib termik ishlov beriladi. Katta sig‘imli rezonatorlarda ixtiyoriy shakldagi mahsulotlar qizdiriladi.<o:p></o:p> Har xil shaklli mahsulotlar boshlang‘ich xom-ashyo, qolipga yuklanadi, ularning ishchi yuzasi mahsulotning shaklini qaytaradi, zichlangan tabletka bosimlangan-materiallarni termik ishlov berishda dastlabki qizdirish dielektrik qurilmalari mavjud. Zichlangan tabletka ko‘rinishli g‘ovak oddiy rezinani termik ishlov berishda qizdirish, qoliplashdan oldin qizdirish, termoaktiv yelim bilan yelimlash, qishloq –xo‘jalik mahsulotlariga ishlov berish va h.k., dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalari ishchi davr tezliklari bo‘yicha, shartli ravishda, o‘rta to‘lqinli (f=0.3-3 MHz), qisqa to‘lqinli (f=3-30 MHz) va metr oraliqli (f=30-300 MHz) qurimalariga bo‘linadi. Qurilmaning ishchi parametrlarini tanlash materialning fizik xossalari bilan bir qatorda aniqlanadi.<o:p></o:p> <img width="546" height="189" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps66.jpg" /><o:p> </o:p> 36 3 – rasm. Dielektrik qizdirishda ishchi kondensator qurilmalarning sxemasi<o:p></o:p> Bir tekis qizdirishning shartlaridan biri materialning butun hajmi bo‘yicha qizishi chuqurligining ortishi elektr magnit toʻlqinlarining uning chuqurligiga o‘tishi hisoblanadi. Elektr maydon kuchlanganligi-ning o‘tish masofasini (∆) aniqlaydi, undagi elektr maydon kuchlan-ganligi uning yuza ko‘rsatgich qiymati nisbatan 37 e marta kuchsizlanadi:<o:p></o:p> <img width="220" height="27" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps67.jpg" /><o:p> </o:p> Koʻp materiallar kondensatorlar maydonida qizdirilganida o‘zining tuzilishi bo‘ycha bir xil emas. Qatlamli tuzilishli materiallar uchun, uning qatlami boshqasidan qiymat nisbatining dielektrikli singdiruvchanligi <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> 38 (ℇ1<span style="backgroundposition: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letterspacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> va ℇ2) va qalinligi <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style9"> (d1 va d2<span style="backgroundposition: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letterspacing: 2,0000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style9">), maydon qatlamlarining bo‘ylama o‘rtacha qiymati bilan farq qiladi.<o:p></o:p> ℇur= (ℇ1d2+ℇ2d2)/(d1+d2).<o:p></o:p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> Maydon yoʻnalishi qatlamlari ko‘ndalang bo‘lganida<o:p></o:p> ℇur = ℇ<span style="backgroundposition: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letterspacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background41 attachment: scroll;" class="style20">1ℇ<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">2<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; backgroundrepeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">(d<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">1+d2)/(ℇ<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">1<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; backgroundrepeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">d<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; 42 background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">1+ℇ<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">2d<span style="backgroundposition: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letterspacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20">2)<o:p></o:p> Qatlamlar soni ortirilganida tenglamaning surati va maxrajida va mos ravishda qoʻshiladigan sonlari ortadi.<o:p></o:p> 43 Agar material kondensatorning butun hajmini qoplay olmasa (3 b,d – rasm), u holda yassi kondensator uchun elektr maydon kuchlanganligi quyidagicha boʻladi:<o:p></o:p> Em = U/(d+е<img width="8" height="8" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps68.png" />dv); 44 <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; msoshading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> E<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; fontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">v<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20"> = е<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style10">E<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; vertical-align: sub; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">m<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-style: italic; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style8">,<o:p></o:p> Koʻpchilik qizdiriladigan materiallarda, 45 havoning teshish kuchlanishi Eteshga nisbatan past. Amaliyotda quritish jarayonlarida ajralib chiqadigan suvning bug‘i yoki boshqa uchuvchi narsalar, havo oralig‘ida 1,0-1,5kV/sm  dan yuqori bo‘lishi kerak, qizdirishning boshqa jarayonlarida u 5,0 kV/sm gacha ortishi mumkin.<o:p></o:p> Materialga ruxsat etilgan Em.ruh maydon kuchlanganligini, teshuvchi kuchlanganlikdan shu materialning kuchlanishi ikki martar kichigi qabul qilinadi:<o:p></o:p> Em.qoʻsh = Em.tesh/2.<o:p></o:p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> Dielektrikli qizdirish toʻplamli qurilmasiga yuqori chastotali generator kiradi.<o:p></o:p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="justify" style="text-indent: 28,3500pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0, 5000pt; font-size: 14pt;"> G‘ovak rizinalarni dielektrikli termik ishlov berish uchun qizdirish qurilmalari mavjud, tabletkalash jarayoni materiallarni oldin qizdirish, bosimlash jarayonida qizdirish, buyumlarga termik ishlov berish va qoliplashdan oldin qizdirish, termo reaktiv yelimlarda yelimlash, qishloq xoʻjalik mahsulotlariga ishlov berish va bosh (4-rasm).<o:p></o:p> Qo‘llaniladigan dielektrikli qizdirish qurilmalari ishchi chastotalilariga ko‘ra shartli ravishda oʻrta chastotali (f=0,3÷3,0 MHz), yuqori chastotali (f=3÷30 MHz) va oʻta yuqori bchastotali (f=30÷300 MHz) qurilmalarga bo‘linadi.<o:p></o:p> Ularning birinchilari metallarni katta faktorli isroflarda qizitish uchun qo‘llaniladi, bularga juda nam va ular nisbatan kichik hajmli buyumlar kiradi. Bunday qurilmalarning generatorlari nisbatan yuqori (0,5÷<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; msospacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 48 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; backgroundrepeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">0,6) FIKga ega va bir necha kilovat quvvatli qilib yaratilgan.<o:p></o:p> <img width="499" height="334" src="../../AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5676/wps69.jpg" /><o:p> </o:p> 4-rasm. Dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining texnologik bo‘limlari sxemasi<o:p></o:p> Qizdirish kichik solishtirma quvvatlarda (r0 = <span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; backgroundattachment: scroll;" class="style20"> 0,<span style="background-position: 0% 0%; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0,5000pt; font-size: 14,0000pt; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255); background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll;" class="style20">01÷1,0 Vt/sm3) uzoq qizdirishning davomiyligi oʻnlab soatlarga qadar va yuqori ishchi kuchlanishi (1-15 kV) kondensatorda.<o:p></o:p> Qisqa toʻlqinlilari o‘rta faktorli isrof 50 qiymatlilarni qizdirish uchun qo‘llaniladi. Bunday qurilmalarning FIK 0,4÷0,55.<o:p></o:p> <o:p>  </o:p> Nazorat savollari:<o:p></o:p> <![if !supportLists]> 1. <![endif]>Yarim oʻtkazgichli va dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining ish rejimini tushintirib bering. 51 <![if !supportLists]> 2. <![endif]>Dielektrikli qizdirish sanoatda nima maqsadda qo'llaniladi? <![if !supportLists]> 3. <![endif]>Dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining ish rejimini tushintiring. 4. Dielektrik qizdirish qurilmalarining qanday afzallik va kamchiliklari mavjud?<o:p></o:p> <o:p>  </o:p> </body> 52 </html> 53

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