ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɂ.ȿ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜɚ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɊȺɇ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,119333, ɭɥ. Ƚɭɛɤɢɧɚ, 3 E-mail: irenkurb@yandex.ru Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ – ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɤɨɦ ɫ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ, ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ - ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɭɲɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ. Ɋɟɱɧɨɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ – ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ (ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ) ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ [1]. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ȽɈɋɌɚ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɬ 5000 ɤɦ2 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ 157 ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ), ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ, ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ, ɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɛ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ: ɧɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜɨɦ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ «ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ-ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ-ɜɨɞɨɟɦ-ɭɫɬɶɟ-ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɚɹ ɡɨɧɚɦɨɪɟ») ɢ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ (ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ «ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ -ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ – ɛɢɨɬɚ»). Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ “ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ-ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ-ɜɨɞɨɟɦ” ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ȼ ɤɪɭɝ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɚɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɢɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ (ɡɨɧ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ), ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ-ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ-ɜɨɞɨɟɦ» ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. 158 ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (Ʉɂ) ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ «ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ-ɜɨɞɨɟɦ». ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ȾɁ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚɯ. Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɢɩɨɜ Ʉɂ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɝɚ, ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɵ ɧɨɫɬɶ (ɦɤɦ) ɫɴɟɦɤɢ 1 ɪɚɡ ɜ 0.4-0.7 ɫɟɡɨɧ 0.7-1.3 8-12 ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɦ2 Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ Ⱦɨ 2000 2000-5000 5000 ɉɪɢɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɇɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶ ɧɵɣ 10-100 100-1000 1000 ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɟ Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɇɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.7-1.3 8-12 20-100 100-500 500-5000 5000 Ʌɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɇɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ 0.4-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.7-1.3 8-12 1 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ 1 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 1:200 000 1:500 000 1:1 000 000 1:50 000 1:100 000 1:200000 1:1000000 1:50 000 1:100 000 1:200 000 1:1000 000 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: ȼɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɵ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ í ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɡɚɥɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɛɨɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɨɡɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪ.); ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ; ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; í ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɝɭɫɬɨɬɚ, ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); í ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ (ɥɟɫɚ, ɪɟɞɤɨɥɟɫɶɹ, ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ, ɝɨɪɟɥɵɣ ɥɟɫ, ɨɱɚɝɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); 159 í ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɫɧɟɝɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɥɚɝɢ; í ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɨɩɨɥɡɧɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ í ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ, ɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɢ, ɤɚɪɶɟɪɚɦɢ, ɩɚɲɧɹɦɢ, ɫɟɧɨɤɨɫɚɦɢ, ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɚɦɢ, ɨɪɨɲɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɹɦɢ; í ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɪɟɚɥɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɭ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ); ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; í ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɛɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɫɨɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɩɭɫɬɵɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ; ȼɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ í ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ (ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ, ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ, ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ); í ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɟɥ ɤ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɡɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɢɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɫɵɯɚɧɢɟ, ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; í ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ: ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɦɢ, ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚɦɢ, ɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɠɨɪɚɦɢ, ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; í ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɚɡɦɵɜɵ ɢ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜ, ɨɫɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɣɦ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɛɴɟɮɚɯ, ɡɚɛɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɛɴɟɮɚɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); Ⱦɟɥɶɬɵ í ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɶɬ; í ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɞɟɥɶɬ, ɢɯ ɡɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚ; ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ; í ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹɯ (ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɹɯ, ɩɚɜɨɞɤɚɯ, ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɨɧɚɯ); í ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɶɬɭ; ɉɪɢɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ (ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɦɨɪɹ) í ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ (ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ, ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ); í ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɫɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɭɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ; 160 í ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɢ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ; í ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɡɨɧ ɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɲɬɨɪɦɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɚɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɦɨɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɲɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɨ-ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ «ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ-ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ-ɜɨɞɨɟɦ» ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ, ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ, ɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ – ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ – ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ. ȿɝɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 397.8 ɤɦ2, ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 2349.3 ɦɥɧ. ɦ3. ȼɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɦ ɜ ɤɪɚɟ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɨɣ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ (ɪɢɫ.1). Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3]. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞ ɪ.Ȼɟɥɨɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɞɢɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ. ɇɚ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɚɯ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ 80-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ) ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ – ɪɟɤ ɉɲɢɲ, Ɇɚɪɬɚ, Ⱥɩɱɚɫ, ɉɫɟɤɭɩɫ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɞɬɨɩɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɥɢɜɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɫɬɭɚɪɢɟɜ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɞɟɥɶɬɚ. ɇɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɧɢɦɤɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ 22 ɝɨɞɚ ɫ Landsat ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ 2004 ɝ. (ɪɢɫ.2) ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5 ɤɦ, ɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɡɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ 20 ɤɦ2. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɶɬɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɤɟ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ (ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɪ. Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ), ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 5970 ɤɦ2, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ 15 ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.58 ɤɦ3, ɚ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ 760 ɬɵɫ. ɬɨɧɧ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ 24-29 ɤɝ/ɫ [2]). ɉɪɢ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɢɥɢɜɚɹ ɟɝɨ. 161 Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ; ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ – ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɪɟɤ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ, ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɞɶɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. 162 Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ʉɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ (ɂɋɁ ”Landsat”, ɢɸɧɶ 2004 ɝ.) ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ (Ɂȼ) ɫ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ Ɂȼ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɚɦɢ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɤɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ Ɂȼ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɤ ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɹɦ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶ163 ɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɨɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɚ ɤ ɞɟɥɶɬɨɜɨɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ, ɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2 ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɨɜ «ɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ» ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚɦ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɞɟɥɶɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ. ɇɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ (ɪɢɫ.3) ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɬɶɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɧɨɫɨɜ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ Ʉɭɛɚɧɢ (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɩɪɨɥɨɠɢɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɭɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɭ, ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɥɶɬɭ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɚɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨ- ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ Ʌɟɫɧɚɹ, ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ, ɦɟɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ Ʌɟɝɤɚɹ ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ Ɇɭɤɨɦɨɥɶɧɨ-ɤɪɭɩɹɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɤɨɪɦɨɜɚɹ Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɉɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɏɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɀɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ Ɂɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɡɨɥɨɲɥɚɤɢ, ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɯɢɦɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɲɚɦɨɬ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɮɨɫɮɨɝɢɩɫ ɤɢɫɥɵɣ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ (ɩɨɤɪɵɲɤɢ, ɤɚɦɟɪɵ, ɜɵɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɤɚ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ, ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɥɚɬɟɤɫɚ), ɥɢɝɧɢɧ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɨɲɥɚɦɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ (ɨɩɢɥɤɢ, ɫɬɪɭɠɤɢ), ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ, ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ, ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɵɛɪɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧ, ɤɢɪɩɢɱ) ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɞɟɮɟɤɚɬ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɬɚɪɵ ɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɬɟɤɲɢɦ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɵ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ Ʌɉɍ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ (ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɚ), ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚɡɨɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɵɣ, ȻɉɄ5, ɋɉȺȼ ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɟɪɛɢɰɢɞɵ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ, ɯɥɨɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɵ ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɢɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ 15-20 ɥɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭɲɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɍɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪɢɪɭɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɚɥɵ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɶɬɵ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɣ Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɢɜɨɜɨ-ɬɨɩɨɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɉɛɫɨɯɲɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɞɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɢɜɧɹɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɦɵɲɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ (ɧɟ ɪɟɠɟ 1 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ 3 ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ) ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. 164 Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɶɬ ɪɟɤ Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ Ʉɭɛɚɧɢ ɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɂɬɨɝɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ ɪ.Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ 1:500 000 (ɪɢɫ. 4). ɇɚ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ (ɪɟɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɯɚɸɳɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ), ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɨ-ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ (ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ), ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ (ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɥɧ. ɪɭɛ. ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ), ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ (ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɞɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪ. Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ (ɤɝ/ɫ) ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ, ɨɫɭɲɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɡɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 165 ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ (ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɶɬɟ Ȼɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. 2. 3. Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XX ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ. Ɉɬɜ. ɪɟɞ. ɇ.ɂ. Ʉɨɪɨɧɤɟɜɢɱ, ɂ.ɋ. Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ. // Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 2003. 367 ɫ. Ʌɭɪɶɟ ɉ. Ɇ, ɉɚɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱦ., Ɍɤɚɱɟɧɤɨ ɘ.ɘ. Ɋɟɤɚ Ʉɭɛɚɧɶ: ɝɢɞɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɬɨɤɚ. ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ƚɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɢɡɞɚɬ. 2005. 498 ɫ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜɚ ɂ.ȿ. Ʉɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ // ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱɧ. ɫɬɚɬɟɣ «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ: Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ». ȼɵɩ.5. Ɍɨɦ II. // Ɇ.:ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɡɛɭɤɚ-2000», 2008. ɋ. 523-528. Utilization of space monitoring data for assessing ecology condition of large river catchments I.E. Kurbatova Water Problem Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Gubkin str., Moscow, 119333, Russia E-mail: irenkurb@yandex.ru The main problems of space monitoring have been considered to study and to assess ecological condition of large river catchments as united ecosystem. The experience of remote sensing and cartography information utilization has been realized for assessing the Belaya River basin effect on the Krasnodar Reservoir formation and pollution. The ecology-cartography map of the Belaya River basin and its delta has been charted. On the map the latter has been shown to be accumulator of contaminants yielded by solid river runoff from the watershed area. Keywords: river basin, monitoring, water bodies, space images, anthropogenic loads, pollution, ecology condition, mapping. 166