АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Ю. Голицынский
Н. Голицынская
ГРАММАТИКА
СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ИЗДАНИЕ ПЯТОЕ
ИСПРАВЛЕННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ
УДК 372.167.1: 811.111
ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60
Авторы:
Ю. Б. Голицынский,
Н. А. Голицынская (исправления и дополнения)
Г 60
Голицынский Ю. Б.
Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.— 5-е изд. —
СПб.: КАРО, 2006.— 544 с.— (Английский язык для
школьников).
ISBN 5-89815-595-3
Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской
грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике.
Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания
основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их
применения. Дополнен теоретическим материалом и словарем.
Предназначен для учащихся V—IX классов школ с
базовым уровнем изучения английского языка и школ с
углубленным изучением английского языка.
УДК 372.167.1: 811.111
ББК81.2Англ-922
ISBN 5-89815-595-3
© КАРО, 2005
Все права защищены
Предисловие
Предлагаемый
сборник
содержит
грамматические
упражнения по основным темам грамматики английского
языка:
артикль,
существительное,
неопределенные
местоимения some, any, no и их производные, местоимения
much, many, (a) little, (a) few, степени сравнения
прилагательных, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог, согласование времен и косвенная речь,
неличные формы глагола, сложное дополнение, сложное
подлежащее, условные предложения и употребление
сослагательного наклонения после / wish, модальные глаголы.
Настоящее пятое издание сборника подверглось переработке, в процессе которой были сделаны многочисленные
исправления и дополнения, например, по таким темам, как
артикль,
существительное,
местоимения,
предлоги,
употребление времен, страдательный залог. В большинство
упражнений добавлены новые предложения, а также
составлены новые упражнения. Существенно переработаны
главы, посвященные герундию, сложному дополнению и
сложному подлежащему.
Сборник
завершается
контрольным
упражнением,
позволяющим проверить правильность усвоения учащимися
применения артиклей, употребления времен в активном и
пассивном залогах, герундия, причастия и модальных
глаголов.
Для исправлений и дополнений некоторых грамматических явлений в сборнике приведены примечания, в
которых указана ссылка на следующее пособие по грамматике
английского языка: Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in
Use".
4
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Кроме того, в настоящем пятом издании расширен и
выверен словарь,, исправлены орфография и транскрипция.
Изменения, внесенные в словарь сборника, выполнены в
соответствии с орфографией и транскрипцией словаря
Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. —
Longman Group UK Limited 1992. Англорусский и русскоанглийский словарь сборника помещен в конце книги, причем
он включает все слова, имеющиеся в упражнениях, благодаря
чему у ученика не будет необходимости обращаться к
большому словарю в поисках незнакомых слов, что облегчит
ему работу и сократит время на выполнение упражнений.
Перед словарем приведены таблицы с фонетическими
символами, используемыми в словаре, которые характерны
для английского предложения.
Сборник предназначен дяя учащихся средних школ,
независимо от их профиля, а также может быть использован
при работе со взрослыми. При существующем в настоящее
время большом разнообразии учебных программ и учебников
не
представляется
целесообразным
согласовывать
лексический и грамматический материал с каким-нибудь
определенным учебником. В пределах каждого раздела
сборника упражнения расположены по мере возрастания
трудностей, что дает возможность учителю подбирать
упражнения в соответствии с языковым уровнем учащихся.
Из собственного многолетнего опыта преподавательской
работы
авторы
сборника
знают,
что
количество
грамматических
упражнений,
предлагаемых
любым
учебником, недостаточно, а учитель всегда испытывает
потребность в дополнительных упражнениях. Поэтому
предлагаемый сборник упражнений может оказаться
уместным и полезным для работы по любому учебнику и с
любой аудиторией.
Авторы
АРТИКЛЬ
Запомните следующие правила:
Перед каждым нарицательным существительным
должен стоять артикль.
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным
артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном
падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание
"по" (не "not"!).
Упражнение 1
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ...
pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is my sister's ... pencil.
3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ...
husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got
... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? — Yes, they have.
Their ... car is not very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you
got ... calculator? — No, I haven't. 8. Is this ... watch? —
No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and
that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see
6
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
7
Артикль
... pencils on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11.
Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ...
cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup
in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire
one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is
... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль a (an). Упоминая
этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним
определенный артикль the.
• E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
Упражнение 2
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... computer. ...
computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog.
... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4.
I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ...
bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6.
Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ...
dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ...
son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother
... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My
... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is
broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ...
ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday.
... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they
stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and
sometimes in ... restaurant. 15. I've got ... idea. 16. What ...
shame.
7
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными,
стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во
множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как
с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.
• E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is s meat. The meat is fresh.
неисчисляемое
These are s books. The books are good.
множественное число
Упражнение 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ...
pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the
morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ...
coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6.
Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is
... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never
eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ...
seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ...
pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are
good for you!
12. My ... cousin is upset. He's got ... sore throat.
13. This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14.
She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She
also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake
with ... tea.
8 ________ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ __________
Артикль
15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ...
pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is
brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ...
yellow.
... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is
large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ...
hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher.
She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not
at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea
and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am
drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty.
6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has
... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ...
cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ...
engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil.
11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have
some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil,
please.
Запомните следующие словосочетания,
в которых артикль не употребляется:
at • school at s
home at • work
Упражнение 4
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2.
We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is
at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor.
5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ...
pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She
has two ... children. Her children are at ... school.
11. Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work.
12. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.
Если перед существительным употребляется
прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем
и существительным.
• E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.
9
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем
не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:
а) если упоминаемый предмет является един
ственным в мире:
• E.g. The sun is shining brightly.
б) если этот предмет является определенным по
ситуации:
• E.g. Put the book on the table.
Упражнение 6
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Упражнение 5
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us
... long ... interesting ... stories. 3. My
1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2.
... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ...
planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher
asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult. 6.
Where is your
10
Артикль
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
... brother? — Не is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is
sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ...
homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 8. It
is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick
went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ...
hands.
Упражнение 7
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table.
Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today.
... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3.
This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ...
boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no
... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day.
4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter
was interesting. 5. We live in ... big house. I like ... house
very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 7.
I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please.
8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ...
book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He
is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital.
... hospital is large.
Кроме того, существует огромное количество так
называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых
артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно.
Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.
Запомните следующие конструкции:
There is a ... . Where
is the ... ?
11
Запомните также следующие предложения:
The (book) is on the (table). • Ho:
1
The (book) is on a little (table) .
Упражнение 8
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank
near here. — Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new
supermarket in ... centre of our ... town.
4. There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn't cheap.
5. Where is ... cat? — ... cat is on ... sofa. 6. Where is ...
book? — ... book is on ... shelf. 7. Where are ... flowers? —
... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 8. Where is ... vase? — ...
vase is on ... little table near ... window. 9. Open ... window,
please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I
can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ...
tree is green. 10. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 11.
We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ...
little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and
read ... good book.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
in s front (of)
1
Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым.
Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога "on"
может быть любой другой предлог или заменяющее его
словосочетание, напр. "in front of".
12 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ __________
Упражнение 9
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ...
books there. 2. Where is ... soup? — ... soup is in ... big
saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? — ...
cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ...
bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little
brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6.
Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet
on ... floor in my mother's ... room.
8. Is your brother at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. He
works at ... big factory. He is ... engineer.
9. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big
bookcase. 10. ... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in ...
yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing
with ... ball.
Запомните следующие конструкции,
требующие неопределенного артикля:
I have а ...
Не has a ...
I see a ...
This is a ...
That is a ...
It is a ...
There is a ...
I am a ...
Не is a ...
She is a ...
Упражнение 10
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen
table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3.
There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he
didn't go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have
... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very
good comput-
Артикль
13
er. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very
large piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree.
It's ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ...
school. 11. My sister is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She
works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult question.
I don't know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with
... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school.
14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday.
Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It
is ... exciting city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
in the middle in
the corner to the
right to the left
Упражнение 11
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle
of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of
you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don't
keep them in ... refrigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ...
bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your
... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there
... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ...
lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ...
carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ...
sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother's ... room? —
14
Артикль
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase .on
... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ...
living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ...
beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ...
daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of
... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like
... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... table in ...
corner of ... room. 14. There is ... beautiful picture in my
father's ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ...
window.
Упражнение 12
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... living room,
... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ...
bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is
light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on
... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on
them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ...
lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing table
with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table.
There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is
... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is
very cosy.
Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит
неисчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного
неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно)
употребляется слово some.
15
Упражнение 13
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ...
beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV
this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library
between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and
German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ...
corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6.
There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please.
7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ...
shelves? — There is ... butter in ... butter dish.
There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There
are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ...
lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ...
juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There
are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys.
Where are ... boys? — Oh, all ... boys are playing
football at... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm
in her ... voice.
Упражнение 14
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Where is ... bus station? — ... bus station is next to ...
gas station. 2. There are two ... pets in ... house: ... cat and ...
dog. 3. There is ... TV antenna on ... roof. 4. There is ...
mailbox between ... building and ... bus stop. 5. There is ...
big ... dog in ... front of ... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English
at ... work or at... school? 7. She had ... bad ... day today.
8. I have ... colour TV set. ... TV set is on ... little
table in ... corner of ... room. 9. There is ... book,
... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing desk. 10. My
... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He
16
Артикль __________________ 17
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase.
11. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ...
friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 12. Where is ... coffee
table in your ... room? — ... coffee table is in ... front of ...
sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee table and ... newspapers.
There is ... coffee in ... cup. 13. There are ... photographs on
... sofa. 14. There is ... guitar on ... chair near ... piano.
I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard. There
were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard. We played in ... yard till
late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate
... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ...
night.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
in the morning
in the evening
in the afternoon
at s night
at s half past five
at a quarter past five
to go s home
to come s home
to leave S home for S work (for S school)
А также:
to go to ± bed
to go to s work
to go to • school
Упражнение 16
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Упражнение 15
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Every day my ... brother and I get up at eight o'clock
and walk to ... school. I like ... school. It's ... fun. My ...
brother loves ... football. He hates ... homework. So he
doesn't like to go to ... school. Will he go to ... work in ...
future? 2. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning
because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to
... bed early in ... evening. 3. ... weather was very bad in ...
morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But
in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain
stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ...
afternoon it was very warm.
1. My brother is ... pupil. He goes to ... school. He goes to
... school in ... morning. He has five or six ... lessons every
day. In ... afternoon he goes ... home. At ... home he does his
... homework. In ... evening he reads ... books. He usually
goes to ... bed at ... half past ten. At ... night he sleeps. 2. My
father goes to ... work in ... morning and comes ... home in ...
evening. 3. I get up at ... half past seven in ... morning and go
to ... bed at ... quarter to eleven in ... evening. 4. When does
your mother leave ... home for ... work? — She leaves ...
home for ... work at ... quarter past eight. 5. When do you
leave ... home for ... school? — I leave ... home for ... school
at ... half past ... eight. 6. What do you do when you come ...
home from ... school? — I do my ... homework, talk to my ...
friends on ... phone and go for ... walks. I often listen to ...
music. I like ... jazz best.
18 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ __________
Артикль
Перед названиями месяцев и дней недели артикль
не употребляется.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
after s work
after s school
from s work
from •/_ school
School begins in •{_ September.
We rest on s Sunday.
Перед порядковыми числительными обычно употребляется определенный артикль.
Our classroom is on the second floor. Today
is the tenth of May.
Упражнение 17
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We always go to ... Russian Museum on ... Sunday. 2.
On ... Saturday she usually goes to ... Philharmonic. 3. In ...
August he has his ... birthday. He is planning to have ... nice
party with his ... friends. 4. There are three rooms and ...
kitchen in our new flat. 5. My new dress is made of ... silk. 6.
If you want to write something on ... blackboard, you must
have ... piece of ... chalk. 7. Are there any pupils in ...
classroom? 8. I have ... new English book. ... book is very
interesting. 9. There is ... garden in ... front of our school. ...
garden is not large, but it is very nice. 10. ... May is ... fifth
month of the year. 11. ... Saturday is ... sixth day of the
week. 12. ... Sunday is ... day off. 13. Today is ... ninth of ...
May. Anton has got ... new mobile phone. He is going to
make ... phone call to his ... grandfather. 14. This is ... nice
place. In ... June we are going there for ... holiday.
19
Упражнение 18
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. My friends live in ... small town. It is ... new town. ...
streets in ... town are broad and straight. There are ...
beautiful buildings in them. ... town is very green, and so ...
air is fresh. There are ... beautiful parks and gardens in ...
town. ... people like to go there after ... work. In ... evening
you can hear ... sounds of ... music from ... parks. There are
... schools, ... libraries, ... supermarket, ... hospital, ... theatre,
... cinemas, ... clinics and ... kindergartens in ... town. 2. This
is ... classroom. ... classroom is large and light. 3. There is ...
picture on ... wall. 4. What is ... date today? It is ... seventh
of ... December. 5. ... third lesson today is ... lesson of English. 6. Pete, go to ... blackboard. 7. After ... school I
usually go ... home. 8. My father always comes from ... work
late: at eight o'clock or at ... half past eight. But on ... Friday
he comes ... home early: at half past four or at ... quarter to
five. On ... Saturday and on ... Sunday he does not go to ...
work.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
to have (cook, make, prepare) ■{_ breakfast
•/_ lunch •/_
tea •" dinner
Ssupper
Артикль
20 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ _________
Упражнение 19
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
I go to ... school in ... morning, so I get up early. I usually
get up at ... quarter past seven. I go to ... bathroom, turn on ...
water and wash my face and hands. My father and mother
also get up early in ... morning. My mother works at ...
office. She is ... typist. My father is ... doctor. He works at ...
hospital. We have ... breakfast in ... kitchen. We eat ...
porridge and ... eggs. We drink ... tea. My father and mother
leave ... home for ... work at... half past eight. My father goes
to ... hospital, and my mother goes to ... office. I don't leave
... home with my parents: ... school where I study is near our
house. I leave ... home for ... school at ... quarter to nine. My
granny stays at ... home and cooks ... dinner. I have ... lunch
at ... school after ... third lesson. My father and mother have
... lunch at ... work. When we come ... home, we have ...
dinner.
21
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
after S breakfast
after s lunch
after s tea
after *f dinner
after S supper
before S breakfast
before s lunch
before S tea
before s dinner
before S supper
at s breakfast
at •/_ lunch
at • tea
at •/_ dinner
at s supper
for • breakfast
for s lunch
for • tea
for • dinner
for ^ supper
Упражнение 21
Упражнение 20
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Every day my husband goes to ... work, my son goes to
... school and I go to ... institute. 2. There is ... new school at
... corner of our street. 3. My daughter came ... home from ...
school on ... Monday and said to me, "There will be ...
parents' meeting on ... tenth of February at six o'clock in ...
evening." 4. ... teacher told us ... very interesting story at ...
lesson. 5. When ... bell rang, ... pupils went into ...
classroom. 6. We are usually at ... school from nine o'clock
in ... morning till two o'clock in ... afternoon. 7. We don't go
to ... school on ... Sunday.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What do you do after ... breakfast? — After ...
breakfast I go to ... school. 2. My granny likes to read ...
book after ... lunch. 3. ... people usually have ... breakfast in
... morning. They have ... dinner in... afternoon. In ... evening
... people have ... supper. 4. There is a proverb: "After ...
dinner sleep awhile, after ... supper walk ... mile." 5. Who
cooks ... dinner in your family? 6. Yesterday father told us ...
very interesting story at ... breakfast. 7. What did you have
for ... lunch at ... school on ... Wednesday? — We had ...
salad and ... tea. 8. My mother never has ... supper with ...
family because she does not like to eat in ... evening. 9.
When do you clean your teeth in ... morning: before ...
breakfast or after ... breakfast?
22
Артикль
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 22
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. For ... breakfast I have ... coffee with ... milk and ...
sugar. I have ... jam, too. There are ... different things on ...
dinner table. There is ... bread, ... butter and ... ham. There
are ... cups and ... glasses there. There is ... jug on ... table. ...
milk in ... jug is hot. There is ... teapot on ... table. There is ...
tea in ... teapot. ... tea is hot, too. There are ... plates, ... forks
and ... knives on ... table. 2. ... lamp is on ... table. 3. There is
... lamp on ... table. 4. Is there ... lamp on ... table? 5. Is ...
lamp on ... table? 6. Is there ... clock on ... wall? 7. There are
two ... shelves on ... wall. 8. Where are ... shelves? — ...
shelves are on ... wall. 9. They have ... large flat. There are ...
four rooms in ... flat. 10. Is ... newspaper on ... table? 11. Is
there ... newspaper on ... table? 12. There is ... butter on ...
plate. 13. Where is ... butter? — ... butter is on ... little plate.
14. There is ... white and ... brown bread on ... table.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
to watch s TV
Упражнение 23
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Pete has ... small family. He has ... father and ...
mother. He has no ... brother, but he has ... sister. His sister
is ... pupil. She is ... good girl. She has ... many Russian
books, but she has no ... En-
23
glish books. 2. There is ... writing desk in ... room. ... writing
desk is good. There is ... lamp on ... writing desk. 3. My
uncle has ... large family. They are six in ... family. 4. My
father is ... engineer. He works at ... big factory. 5. We have
... good library. Our books are in ... big bookcase. 6. Is your
... sister married? 7. What do you do after ... breakfast?
— I go to ... school. 8. When do you come ... home?
— I come ... home at ... half past two. 9. Do you like to
watch ... TV in ... evening? 10. He watches ... television all
day. I never do it. I can't watch ... TV very often. But tonight
I can spend ... evening in ... front of ... box, because there is
... very interesting ... film on. It is "My Fair Lady" with Rex
Harrison and Audrey Hepburn. I love it.
Упражнение 24
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. My ... aunt and my ... uncle are ... doctors. They work
at ... hospital. They get up at seven o'clock in ... morning.
They go to ... bed at eleven o'clock. 2. I work in ... morning
and in ... afternoon. I don't work in ... evening. I sleep at ...
night. 3. When do you leave ... home for ... school? — I
leave ... home at ... quarter past eight in ... morning. 4. What
does your mother do after ... breakfast? — She goes to ...
work. 5. Is there ... sofa in your ... living room? — Yes, there
is ... cosy little ... sofa in ... living room. — Where is ... sofa?
— It is in ... corner of ... room to ... left of ... door. I like to
sit on this ... sofa in ... front of ... TV set in ... evening. 6.
There is ... nice coffee table near ... window. There are ...
newspapers on ... coffee table. 7. There is ... tea in ... glass.
8. When do you watch
24
Артикль __________________ 25
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
... TV? — I watch ... TV in ... evening. We have ... large
colour TV set in our ... room. There is ... beautiful vase on ...
TV set. There are ... flowers in ... vase. 9. I have ... large
writing desk in ... study. There is ... paper on ... writing desk.
My ... books and ... exercise books are on ... writing desk,
too.
Упражнение 25
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
My friend's ... flat is very comfortable. There are ... three
rooms in ... flat: ... living room, ... study and ... bedroom. ...
living room is not very large. ... walls in ... living room are
blue. There are ... pictures on ... walls. There is ... table in ...
middle of ... room with some chairs around it. To ... left of ...
door there is ... sofa. Near ... sofa there are ... two large
armchairs. They are very comfortable. There is ... piano in
my friend's living room. ... piano is to ... right of ... door. ...
bedroom and ... study are small. ... furniture in ... flat is
brown.
Если перед существительным стоит вопросительное или относительное местоимение, артикль
опускается.
• E.g. What • colour is your cat?
I want to know what • book you are
reading.
Упражнение 26
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What ... colour is your new ... hat? — It's ... red. 2. Is
there ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen?
3. Where is ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? — It is in ...
corner of ... kitchen. 4. There are ... flowers in our ... living
room. ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 5. I have ... tea in
my ... cup. 6. He has no ... coffee in his ... cup. 7. What ...
book did you borrow from ... library on ... Tuesday? 8. I
have ... books, ... exercise books and ... pens in my ... bag. 9.
I am ... engineer. I work at ... office. I go to ... office in ...
morning. As ... office is far from ... house I live in, I take ...
bus to get there. 10. What ... bus do you take to get to ...
work? 11. Whose ... pen is this? 12. What ... colour is your ...
new ... T-shirt? — It's ... white. 13. She is going to ... music
shop to buy ... cassette. — What ... cassette is she going to
buy? 14. That's ... man whose ... computer was stolen last
night.
Упражнение 27
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Here is ... large window. Through ... window we can see
... room. Opposite ... window there is ... door. On ... door
there is ... curtain. In ... corner of ... room there is ... round
table. On it we can see ... books and ... telephone. There is ...
bookshelf over ... table. On ... bookshelf we can see ...
newspapers and ... book by ... Jack London. There are ... two
... pictures in ... room. One ... picture is small, ... other
picture is very large. There are ... two bookcases in ... room.
... bookcases are full of ... books. There is ... large sofa in ...
room. On ... sofa we can see ... bag. Whose ... bag is that?
There is no ... bed in ... room. On ... small table near ...
window there are ... flowers and ... glass of ... water. In ...
front of ... window we can see ... armchair.
26
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Перед названиями наук, учебных предметов и язы1
ков артикль не употребляется.
•E.g. He studies •chemistry. I
speak • English.
Упражнение 28
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. ... English is ... world language. 2. I study ... English. I
attend ... English classes in ... evening. On ... days when I
have no ... classes, I stay at ... home and do some work about
... house. I have ... dinner with my ... family. After ... dinner I
talk to ... members of my ... family, watch ... TV and read ...
books, ... newspapers and ... magazines. I go to ... bed late at
... night. 3. I am thirsty. Give me ... water, please. 4. There is
... book on ... table. Give me ... book, please. 5. I enjoy
listening to ... music but I don't really like ... music that that
man plays on his ... guitar. 6. What did you have for ...
lunch? — I only had ... tuna sandwich. 7. He is ... wonderful
... teacher. He teaches ... history.
Упражнение 29
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. When my grandfather was ... young man, he studied ...
physics. 2. Do you speak ... Spanish? 3. My uncle is ... great
specialist in ... biology. 4. ...
1
Если после названия языка не стоит слово "language". В
противном случае употребляется определенный артикль. Е. g.
S_ Chinese is difficult.
The Chinese language is difficult.
Артикль
27
Japanese is more difficult than ... French. 5. We listened to
... very interesting lecture on ... English literature yesterday.
6. Yesterday at ... lesson of ... geography ... teacher told us ...
very interesting things about ... famous travellers. 7. My
father speaks ... English and ... French, but he does not speak
... German. 8. We had ... lesson of ... mathematics yesterday.
We wrote ... paper in ... mathematics. ... teacher said, "I shall
correct ... papers in ... evening. Tomorrow you will know ...
results".
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
to play •£_ chess
to play the piano
to play «f football
to play the guitar
out of s doors
Упражнение 30
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. My ... name is Charlie. I come from ... pretty big ...
family. I have two ... brothers and ... sister. I am ... oldest
and my ... sister is ... youngest; she plays ... violin really well
and wants to be ... professional ... musician. She has other ...
hobbies, too, and she often goes swimming with her ...
friends if ... weather is nice. 2. Do you play ... piano? 3.
There is ... big black piano in our living room. It is at ... wall
to ... left of ... door opposite ... sideboard. My mother likes to
play ... piano. She often plays ... piano in ... evening. 4. ...
boys like to play ... football. 5. What do you do in ...
evening? — I often play ... chess with my grandfather. 6.
Where are ...
28
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
children? — Oh, they are out of ... doors. ... weather is fine
today. They are playing ... badminton in ... yard. 7. What...
games does your sister like to play? — She likes to play ...
tennis. 8. Do you like to play ... guitar? 9. What ... colour is
your guitar?
Запомните, что перед обращением артикль
опускается:
• E.g. What are you doing, s children?
Артикль
29
voice. "I know you! I met you six months ago, and you were
very rude to me." "You are wrong, ... Mr. Wolf," cried ...
lamb, "you could not have met me six months ago: I am only
four ... months old." "Never mind," said ... wolf, "if it wasn't
you, it was your brother." And with these ... words he seized
... poor lamb and carried it into ... wood.
Запомните, что перед превосходной степенью прилагательных употребляется определенный артикль:
• E.g. Asia is the largest continent.
My brother is the best pupil in his class.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
in a loud voice
in a low voice
in an angry voice
in a high voice
in a kind voice
in a thin voice
in a tiny voice
in a trembling voice
in a weak voice
in a ... voice
Упражнение 31
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
It was ... hot day. ... sun was shining brightly in ... blue
sky. ... wolf and ... lamb met at ... stream. ... water in ...
stream was cool and clear. ... wolf saw that ... lamb was fat
and wanted to eat it. He began to shout, "You, ... fool, you
are making ... water dirty!" ... lamb was afraid. It looked at...
wolf and said in ... thin voice, "But, ... Mr. Wolf, I cannot
make ... water dirty for you from ... place where I am
standing, because ... stream runs from you to me." "Stop
talking!" shouted ... wolf in ... angry
Упражнение 32
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Bill Robins was ... very rich man. He was ... richest
man in ... village. 2. Pete is ... tallest boy in our class. Nick is
... shortest boy, but he is very ... strong. He is ... stronger
than many boys who are ... taller than he. I think Nick is ...
strongest boy in ... class. 3. Granny often tells us ... long
stories. Today her story was still ... longer. It was ... longest
story. She began telling it after ... dinner and finished only
before ... supper. But... story was very interesting. I think it
was ... most interesting of Granny's stories. 4. Which was ...
most difficult exercise in ... paper? 5. Which is ... best season
of the year? 6. February is ... shortest month of the year. 7.
Do you know ... longest river in our country? 8. In ... May ...
days are ... longer than in ... April.
30
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Артикль
Запомните правила употребления артикля
с географическими названиями:
... Thames. 8. Of which country is ... Washington ... capital?
— ... United States. 9. ... United Kingdom consists of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. 10. Chicago is on ... Lake
Michigan.
Определенный артикль употребляется перед названиями рек, каналов, морей, заливов, проливов, океанов, архипелагов, горных цепей.
Артикль не употребляется перед названиями озер,
отдельных горных вершин, отдельных островов, городов, стран, континентов.
Исключения:
the United States of America
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland the
Netherlands the Ukraine
the Crimea the Congo
31
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
in the north
in toe south
in toe east
in toe west
to the north
to toe south
to toe east
to toe west
Упражнение 34
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Упражнение 33
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow
is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ...
Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ...
Volga runs into ... Caspian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ...
sea at ... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River
which empties into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson
there are ... two other rivers: ... East River and ... Harlem
River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, ...
Irtysh, ... Yenissei, ... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai
Mountains are ... higher than ... Urals. 5. There is ... splendid
... view of ... Lake Geneva from this hotel. 6. My ... friends
have travelled a lot. This ... year they are going to fly to ...
Canary Islands. 7. Which river flows through ... London? —
1. ... Russia occupies ... eastern half of ... Europe and ...
northern third of ... Asia. 2. ... climate of ... northern part of
... Russia is severe. 3. This winter is ... true Russian winter
with ... hard frosts. 4. It is warm in ... Crimea and ...
Caucasus. 5. ... Washington is ... capital of ... United States
of America. 6. I want to go to ... New York some day. 7. ...
best way to know and understand ... people of ... other
countries is to meet them in their own homes. 8. Is ...
Australia ... island or ... continent?
9. ... Red Sea is between ... Africa and ... Asia.
10. There are seven continents on ... Earth. 11. ...
France is to ... north of ... Italy.
Упражнение 35
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. ... Neva flows into ... Gulf of ... Finland. 2. ... Pacific
Ocean is very deep. 3. ... Urals are not very
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
high. 4. ... Kazbek is ... highest peak of ... Caucasus. 5. ...
Alps are covered with ... snow. 6. ... Shetland Islands are
situated to ... north of ... Great Britain. 7. ... USA is ... largest
country in ... America. 8. ... Crimea is washed by ... Black
Sea.
9. ... Lake Baikal is ... deepest lake in ... world.
10. ... Paris is ... capital of ... France.
11. Lomonosov was born in ... small village on ...
shore of ... White Sea. 12. Gogol was born in ...
Ukraine in 1809. 13. ... Caucasus separates ... Black
Sea from ... Caspian Sea. 14. ... Europe and ...
America are separated by ... Atlantic Ocean. 15. ...
Baltic Sea is stormy in winter. 16. There are many
small islands in ... Pacific Ocean. 17. ... North Sea
separates ... British Isles from ... Europe. 18. ... Bal
kans are old mountains. 19. ... Nile flows across ...
northeastern part of ... Africa to ... Mediterranean
Sea. 20. Which are ... highest mountains in ...
Russia?
Упражнение 36
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. ... Thames is ... short river. 2. ... Russia is washed by ...
Arctic Ocean in ... north. 3. Kiev is to ... south of ... Moscow.
4. ... Europe is ... continent. 5. ... Moscow is ... capital of ...
Russia. 6. Is ... Asia ... island or ... continent? 7. ... Black Sea
is in ... south of our country. 8. ... White Sea is in ... north of
our country. 9. This is ... map of ... world. Can you read ...
map? What can you see on ... map? What ... colour are ...
valleys on ... map? 10. Petrov is ... architect. He is ...
experienced architect. He is in ... Far East. He has ... wife.
His wife is ... typist. They have ... son and ... daughter. 11. ...
Philippines are situated to ... southeast of ... Asia.
Артикль
33
Упражнение 37
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. It is ... good pen. ... pen is black. It is on
... table. 2. I have got ... dog. ... dog's name is Spot. He is ...
big grey dog. ... dog is very strong. 3. My friend has ... sister.
Her name is Ann. ... girl is ... pupil. 4. We have ... picture in
... living room. ... picture is very good. It is on ... wall. 5. ...
Irish Sea is between ... Great Britain and ... Ireland. 6. There
is ... map on ... wall of ... classroom. It is ... map of ... world.
There are many seas and lakes on ... map. This is ...
Mediterranean Sea and that is ... Red Sea. These are ...
Himalayas. They are ... highest mountains in ... world. 7. We
live in ... St. Petersburg. ... St. Petersburg is ... very large
city. It is one of ... largest cities in ... Russia. 8. My brother is
... doctor. His flat is in ... centre of ... city. It is in ... new
house. There are three rooms in ... flat. ... living room is ..
largest of all. It is ... nice light room. There are ... pictures on
... walls. There is ... round table in ... middle of ... room.
There is ... sofa at ... wall with ... large thick carpet in ... front
of it. ... study and ... bedroom are small, but very
comfortable.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
to have a good time from s
morning till s night all o£ day long
a lot of
2 Ю. Голицынский
34
Артикль
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 38
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Did you have ... good time in the country? — Oh, yes.
... weather was fine. We were out of ... doors from ...
morning till ... night. We played ... football, ... volleyball and
... other games. We came ... home late at ... night and went to
... bed at once. 2. Look at ... clock! It is ... quarter past ten.
Go to ... bed at once. 3. ... sun rises in ... east and sets in ...
west. 4. We spent last summer in ... Ukraine, in ... little
village on ... bank of ... big river with ... very warm water.
There was ... wood on ... other side of ... river. We often
went to ... wood and gathered ... lot of ... mushrooms. 5. My
friend likes to play ... chess. He is ready to play ... chess all
... day long. He is ... best chess player in our school.
Перед названиями университетов артикль не
употребляется.
• E.g. I shall study at s St. Petersburg
University.
My grandfather graduated
from s Oxford University.
Упражнение 39
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Teckle comes from ... very old country on ... Nile. It is
called ... Ethiopia. ... Ethiopia is ... beautiful mountainous
country. Teckle is ... young man. He wants to become ...
engineer. He is very happy to be ... student of ... St.
Petersburg University. He
35
spends ... lot of time at ... library reading and studying
different subjects. Very often in ... evening his new friends
and he walk about ... city talking about their native countries.
2. Galina lives in ... Ukraine. She lives in ... small village
near ... Odessa. She is ... librarian. She always has ... lot of ...
work. Galina wants to enter ... Moscow University and now
she is preparing for ... entrance exams. 3. My friend lives in
... America. He is ... student. He studies ... history at ...
Harvard University. 4. Every year, thousands of ... students
come to ... Cambridge from overseas to study ... English.
Use, ... German student, graduated from ... Cambridge
University two ... years ago.
Упражнение 40
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
When we want to write ... letter, we take ... piece of ...
paper and ... pen. We first write our ... address and ... date in
... right-hand corner. Then on ... left-hand side we write ...
greeting. We may write, for instance, "My dear brother,"
"Dear Henry," etc., and then on ... next line we begin ... body
of ... letter. We must not forget to leave ... margin on ... lefthand side of ... page. At ... end of ... letter we write "Yours,"
and then we sign our name. We put... letter into ... envelope
and close ... envelope. On ... envelope we write ... name and
address of ... person who will receive it. We stick ... stamp in
... top right-hand corner, and then we post ... letter.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
What's the use?
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 41
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Once there lived ... man who was very fond of ... gold. He
used to say, "While I have my gold, I am ... happiest man in
... world." And so all his life he saved ... money. One day he
was travelling in ... desert of ... North Africa. He lost his way.
He had no ... food or ... water. He was almost dying of ...
hunger. He was so weak that he could not walk, he could only
crawl. ... heat was terrible. There were only ... stones and ...
sand around. Just then he saw ... bag lying on ... sand. He
hoped that he would find ... food in it and ... water, too. He
crawled up to ... bag and opened it. He saw that ... bag was
full of ... gold. What is ... use of ... gold to ... hungry man in
... desert? He left ... bag on ... hot sand, crying bitterly, "I am
... most unhappy man in ... world."
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
to the cinema
at the cinema
to the theatre
at the theatre
to the shop
at the shop
to the market
at the market
to go for a walk
Упражнение 42
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Let's go to ... shop. I must buy ... bread and ... milk. 2.
I was at ... cinema yesterday. — What ... film did you see?
— Oh, I saw ... very good film. I think it is ... best film of ...
year. 3. Do you often go to ... theatre? — No, I don't. I like
to go to ...
Артикль
37
theatre, but I am very busy. I work from ... morning till ...
night. I even have no ... time to play ... piano. 4. Oleg has ...
lot of ... interesting books at ... home. 5. ... lot of ... tourists
from ... different countries come to ... St. Petersburg. They
want to see one of ... most beautiful cities in ... world. 6. My
new friend said to me, "I am ... student in ... first year at
Harvard." 7. We went to ... cinema in ... evening. 8. What ...
foreign languages does your father speak? — He speaks ...
English. He studied ... English at ... school. 9. I am interested
in ... history. 10. We played ... tennis at ... lesson of ...
physical training yesterday. We had ... good time. 11. Did
you go for ... walk yesterday? — No, we didn't. ... weather
was bad, and we went to ... cinema. 12. What are your
friends doing? — Mary is playing ... piano. Tom and Nick
are playing ... chess.
Упражнение 43
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Three men came to ... New York for ... holiday. They
came to ... very large hotel and took ... room there. Their
room was on ... forty-fifth floor. In ... evening ... friends
went to ... theatre and came back to ... hotel very late. "I am
very sorry," said ... clerk of ... hotel, "but ... lifts do not work
tonight. If you don't want to walk up to your room, we shall
make ... beds for you in ... hall." "No, no," said one of ...
friends, "no, thank you. We don't want to sleep in ... hall. We
shall walk up to our room." Then he turned to his friends and
said, "It is not easy to walk up to ... forty-fifth floor, but we
shall make it easier. On ... way to ... room I shall tell you
some jokes; then you, Andy, will sing us some songs; then
you, Peter, will tell us some interesting stories." So they
38
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
began walking up to their room. Tom told them many jokes;
Andy sang some songs. At last they came to ... thirty-sixth
floor. They were tired and decided to have ... rest. "Well,"
said Tom, "now it is your turn, Peter. After all ... jokes, I
would like to hear ... sad story. Tell us ... long and interesting
story with ... sad end." "... story which I am going to tell
you," said Peter, "is sad enough. We left ... key to our room
in ... hall."
Запомните следующие конструкции:
Артикль
... morning Swift asked ... servant why he had not cleaned ...
boots. "What's ... use cleaning ... boots now?" said ... servant.
"... roads are muddy, and ... boots will soon be dirty again."
"All right," said ... writer. "Let's go. We must continue ...
journey." "But I haven't had ... breakfast," said ... displeased
servant. "Well, what's ... use giving you ... breakfast now?"
said Swift. "You will soon be hungry again."
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
The famous English writer Dickens lived in the
19th century.
Dickens, a famous English writer, lived in the 19th
century.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
on S horseback on
•/ board a ship
Упражнение 44
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Swift, ... famous English writer, was travelling one day
on ... horseback with his servant. ... weather was bad, it was
raining, and ... roads were muddy. In ... evening the two1
men came to ... inn. Before going to ... bed Swift told his
servant to clean his boots. But ... servant was lazy and did
not do it. In
1
Обратите внимание на употребление определенного артикля перед количественным числительным. В этом случае определенный артикль имеет значение „эти"; „эти двое мужчин";
„эти два человека".
39
in • fact
the same
Запомните употребление артикля в восклицательных предложениях, начинающихся со слова what:
What a good boy! What
a long story! What a
day!
Упражнение 45
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
In ... small town in ... East there was once ... man who
had ... parrot. ... parrot was taught to say ... words, "There is
no doubt about it." It used to repeat these words all ... day
long. Every time it was asked ... question, it gave ... same
answer, "There is no doubt about it." One day ... man
decided to sell ... bird; so he put ... parrot into ... cage and
went to ... market with it. "Twenty pounds for ... very clever
parrot!" he cried. ... man who was passing by heard this and
turned to ... parrot. "Are you worth twenty pounds?" he
asked. "There is no doubt about it!"
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
answered ... parrot. "What ... clever parrot!" said ... man and
bought ... bird. He took ... parrot home and invited his friends
to look at ... clever bird. ... friends came and looked at ...
parrot and talked to it. Now you must know that ... man was
not rich. In ... fact, he was often short of ... money. So ...
week or two later, sitting in ... armchair and looking at ...
parrot, he said, "What... fool I was to throw away such ... lot
of ... money!" "There is no doubt about it!" cried ... parrot.
And this time ... bird was right.
Упражнение 46
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... train stopped at ... little station. ... passenger looked out
of the window of ... train carriage and saw ... woman selling ...
cakes. ... man had not had ... breakfast in ... morning. He was
hungry and wanted to buy ... cake. ... woman was standing
rather far from ... carriage. ... man did not want to go and buy
... cake himself because he was afraid to miss ... train. He saw
... boy who was walking along ... platform near ... carriage. He
called ... boy and asked him, "How much does ... cake cost?"
"Threepence, sir," answered ... boy. ... man gave him a sixpence and said, "Bring me ... cake, and with ... other
threepence buy ... cake for yourself." ... boy took ... money and
went to ... woman. A few minutes later ... boy returned. He
was eating ... cake. He gave ... man threepence change and
said, "... woman had only one cake, sir."
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
it's •{_ high time
to take s aim
to take • care of
such a ...
Артикль
41
Упражнение 47
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... crow once said to her children, "It's ... high time for
you to look for ... food." With these words she turned them
out of ... nest and took them to ... field. But ... crow's
children did not like ... idea. "We'd rather go back to ... nest,"
they cried. "It's so nice when you bring ... food to us!"
"Indeed!" said their mother. "You are big enough to feed
yourselves. My mother turned me out of ... nest when I was
much younger, and I had to take ... care of myself." "But...
people will kill us with their guns," said ... young crows. "No
... fear of that," answered their mother. "Before ... people
shoot, they take ... aim, and that takes ... time. When you see
... man raising ... gun to his face, you must just fly away."
"That's ... simple thing to do," said ... children, "but
supposing ... man or ... boy wants to throw ... stone at us: in
such ... case he won't have to take ... aim." "Well, then he
will have to bend down to pick up ... stone," said ... crow.
"But what if he carries ... stone in his hand ready?" "Why, if
you are clever enough to think of that," said ... mother, "you
are clever enough to take ... care of yourselves." And she
flew away leaving ... young crows in ... field.
Упражнение 48
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... Russia is such ... large country that when it is night in
one part of ... country, it is day in another part, when it is
winter in one part of ... country, it is already summer in
another. Imagine it is ... beginning of ... May now. It is
spring in ... St. Petersburg. ... weather is fine. It is still cool
at...
42
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
night, but it is quite warm in ... afternoon. It sometimes rains,
but ... rain is warm, too. ... ground is covered with ... soft
green grass, and ... trees are covered with ... green leaves. But
while it is spring in St. Petersburg, it is still winter in ... north
of our country at ... beginning of ... May. Here it is cold and
sometimes frosty, ... rivers and ... seas are covered with ...
ice. ... ice does not melt in some places even in summer. ...
ground is covered with ... deep snow. In ... south of our
country ... weather is quite different. It is already summer in
... Caucasus. It is much warmer than in St. Petersburg. It is
sometimes even hot. ... sky is usually cloudless and it seldom
rains here. People wear ... summer clothes.
Упражнение 49
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Is this ... interesting book? Is this ... very interesting
book? Is this ... very interesting book you have spoken about
so much? It is such ... interesting book. Is it ... same book you
have recommended to us? 2. She is ... teacher. She is ... good
teacher. She is ... teacher of our school. She is ... teacher of ...
English. Here is ... teacher, ask her about... questions which
interest you. 3. There is ... word in ... text which I cannot
understand. There is ... very difficult word, too, which I
cannot pronounce. Here is ... word I was looking up in the
dictionary. This word is ... adverb. 4. ... first men were
vegetarians. 5. Serfdom was abolished in ... Russia in ... 19th
century. 6. Columbus, who discovered ... America, was ...
native of ... Genoa. 7. ... Rome is ... ancient town. 8. ...
Ireland, ... Scotland and ... Wales are
Артикль
43
parts of ... United Kingdom. 9. What is ... name of ... ocean
between ... America and ... Asia? — ... Pacific. 10. Last
summer I visited ... Switzerland and ... Germany. 11. ...
Amsterdam is ... capital of ... Netherlands.
Упражнение 50
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Once there lived ... king. His name was Midas. He had ...
little daughter. They lived in ... beautiful palace with ...
wonderful garden around it. Now ... king was very fond of ...
gold. He loved ... gold more than anything else in ... world.
One day, when ... king was looking at his gold, ... young
man appeared before him. "You are ... very rich man,
Midas," said ... young man. "Yes," said ... king, "but I would
like to be richer. I would like to have ... golden touch. I want
everything that I touch to turn into ... gold." ... young man
was ... magician, and he gave ... king ... golden touch which
he wanted to have. ... king was very happy. He touched ...
table, and ... table became gold. He went into ... garden.
There were ... beautiful roses in ... garden. He touched ...
roses, and they also became gold. ... king's daughter, who
loved ... roses very much, saw it and began to cry. "Don't
cry, ... dear daughter," said ... king and touched his
daughter's head. ... next moment ... girl turned into ...
beautiful gold statue.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
The fact is (was) that ...
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Артикль
Обратите внимание на употребление артикля со
словом other (другой):
grant with ... smell of ... grass and ... flowers. ... dog which
was running about ... streets of ... little town saw ... butcher's
... stall with ... lot of ... meat. ... dog cautiously approached ...
stall and, when ... butcher turned away to talk to ... woman,
quickly seized ... big piece of ... meat and ran away with it.
On ... way home ... dog had to cross ... stream by ... narrow
bridge. As he was crossing, he looked down into ... stream
and saw his reflection in ... water. He thought it was ... other
dog with ... other piece of ... meat. He snapped at ...
reflection and dropped his own piece of ... meat. That's how
... dog was punished for ... greediness.
44
another — другой (неопределенный), какой-то другой, еще один (во множественном числе или перед
неисчиспяемым существительным — other);
the other — другой (определенный), тот другой,
другой из двух.
Упражнение 51
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... group of ... farmers were sitting in ... village house, and
among ... other things they began talking about ... echoes.
One of ... farmers said that there was ... wonderful echo in ...
field near his farm where there was ... large group of ... trees.
All ... other farmers said that they would like to hear ... echo,
and ... farmer invited them to come ... next afternoon. But ...
fact was that ... farmer did not really have ... echo he had told
... other farmers about. So when he came ... home, he sent for
... son of ... cook and told him to go to ... field, hide himself
among ... trees and imitate everything that was said. ... next
day ... other farmers came, and ... farmer took them to ... field
to listen to ... wonderful echo. When they were in ... field, he
shouted at ... top of his voice, "Are you there?" The answer
came back, "Yes, I've been here for two hours!"
Упражнение 52
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
It was ... nice summer day. ... weather was fine, ... sun was
shining in ... blue sky, ... air was fra-
45
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
at • sunrise at •
sunset
in the country
to the country
by s bus
in s town
to s town
by •{_ tram by ± train by • car
Упражнение 53
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
On ... Sunday our family went to ... country. We got up at
... sunrise and quickly had ... breakfast. After ... breakfast we
left ... home. There is ... little village not far from ... St.
Petersburg where we have ... friends. We went there by ...
train. We had ... very good time in ... country. ... weather was
fine, ... sky was blue and ... sun was shining. We stayed out
of ... doors all ... day long. We played ... volleyball and ...
tennis. We returned to ... town late in
46 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
... evening. When we came ... home, we had ... supper and
went to ... bed at once.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
in *f spring
in S summer
in s autumn
in £ winter
Упражнение 54
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Look at ... sky. It is covered with ... dark clouds. Let's
hurry ... home. 2. It was very pleasant to live in ... country in
... summer. ... weather was fine and it seldom rained.
Summer is ... fine season. 3. How lovely ... night is! There
are no ... clouds in ... sky and ... air is so fresh. 4. When
spring comes, ... sun shines brighter, ... snow melts, ... days
become longer. 5. Winter is ... good time for sports. 6. On ...
Sunday my friend and I usually go to ... country. We ski,
skate, play ... snowballs and have ... very good time. 7. ... fog
is so dense that it is
difficult to walk. 8. My friend is ... very good chess
player. 9. In ... summer we lived in ... country and
went up to ... town by ... train. 10. Tomorrow is ...
Sunday. If it is too hot in ... town, we shall go to ...
country. And on ... Monday we shall come back.
11. ... Autumn is ... most beautiful ... season of ...
year.
Упражнение 55
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Last Tuesday ... evening, when ... whole family was at ...
home, ... burglar came into ... house and
Артикль
47
stole $500! When we discovered ... theft, we called ... police.
Because ... burglar's ... shoes were wet and dirty, ... detective
could follow his ... footprints. Here is what ... burglar did.
He broke in through ... front door. It was locked, so he broke
... lock. Dad was reading ... newspaper in ... study near ...
front door. He was facing ... big window, so he didn't see ...
man, and because he was also listening to ... loud ... music,
he didn't hear him. It was raining and there was ... thunder,
so there was ... lot of ... noise outside, too. ... burglar crossed
... hall to ... kitchen. Mum was making ... pot of ... tea, so he
didn't go into ... kitchen. ... man went back across ... hall and
looked into ... dining room. No one was in there. He looked
through all ... drawers and found $300. But this wasn't
enough. He came out of ... dining room and went upstairs.
Tom was doing his ... homework in his ... bedroom and
listening to his ... Walkman. ... burglar went past Tom's ...
room. Sally was taking ... shower and singing at ... top of her
... lungs. He went into ... TV room. He opened everything
but found nothing. Then he left ... TV room, went back down
... stairs and into ... kitchen. Mum was sitting in ... living
room with Dad. ... burglar was very quiet! He found $200 in
... old ... teapot on ... top shelf of ... left kitchen cupboard.
Then ... man went out through ... French window in ... dining
room. It wasn't locked, so it was easy to get out. ... police
couldn't believe it! We never heard ... burglar!
Упражнение 56
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. My brother read to me ... extract from ... book which
he had brought ... day before. ... main character of ... book is
... young doctor who went to ...
48
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
distant village in ... Siberia. 2. ... weather was very bad in ...
October. 3. When he came into ... room, he saw ... man sitting
on ... sofa. He at once remembered that it was ... man he had
seen at ... theatre ... night before. 4. Yesterday I saw ... film
you are speaking about. 5. He took ... taxi and gave ... address
to ... driver. 6. Tower Bridge is ... first bridge over ... Thames
coming from ... sea. Built in 1894, it is ... suspension bridge.
... central portion of it can be opened to admit ... ships to ...
docks in this part of ... river. When ... ship arrives, ... traffic is
stopped and ... great bridge opens in ... centre: its two halves
go up into ... air and ... ship passes through.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
It was • morning.
It was • daytime.
It was • evening.
It was s night.
Упражнение 57
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Once ... Frenchman was travelling in ... Sweden. He
stopped at ... hotel in ... little Swedish town. It was ...
evening, ... man was tired, so he went to ... bed at once. In ...
morning he had ... breakfast in ... hotel restaurant. After ...
breakfast he went for ... walk. He walked along ... streets of
... town, visited ... museum and ... shops. Presently he felt
hungry and dropped into ... cafe for ... lunch. He sat down at
... table, called ... waiter and ordered ... mushrooms. But ...
Frenchman did not know ... Swedish and ... waiter did not
know ... French. Nobody in ...
Артикль
49
cafe could speak ... French. Then ... Frenchman took ... piece
of ... paper and ... pencil and drew the picture of ...
mushroom. ... waiter looked at ... picture and left ... room at
once. Five minutes later he returned with ... umbrella.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
after a while
from • place to ^ place
Упражнение 58
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... guide was once showing ... group of ... rich American
tourists ... places of ... interest in ... little town in ... south of
... Italy. He took ... tourists from ... place to ... place, but as ...
town was small, after ... while ... guide could not think of
anything that might be of ... interest to ... Americans. "Tell us
something unusual about ... weather or ... climate of this
place," said ... American lady to ... guide. "What can I tell
her about our climate?" thought ... guide. Then he had ...
idea. "Well," he said, "there is one unusual thing about our
climate. One can easily notice that the wind here always
blows from ... west." "Really?" said ... lady in ... surprised
tone, "What ... interesting thing!" But ... other tourist said,
"You must be wrong. Look! ... wind is blowing from ... east
now!" At ... first moment ... guide did not know what to say.
But he was ... clever man and soon found ... way out. "Oh,"
he said, "is that so? Well, then it must be ... west wind
coming back."
50 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 59
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... English king Richard the Lion-Hearted was ... tall,
strong man. He was very proud of his strength and liked to
show ... people how strong he was. Once, as he was riding on
... horseback in ... countryside, his horse lost ... shoe. Luckily
he was not far from ... village and soon he found ...
blacksmith. "Give me ... good horseshoe," he said to ... man.
... blacksmith gave ... king ... horseshoe. Richard took it in his
hand and broke it in two. "This horseshoe is no good," he said,
"give me ... better one." ... blacksmith did not say ... word. He
gave ... king ... other horseshoe, but Richard broke it, too. The
blacksmith gave him a third shoe. This time Richard was
satisfied and ordered ... blacksmith to shoe his horse. When ...
work was done, Richard offered ... man ... coin. ... blacksmith
took ... coin between his fingers and broke it in two. Now it
was Richard's turn to be surprised. He took ... larger coin out
of his pocket and handed it to ... blacksmith. ... man broke it,
too, saying, "This coin is no good, give me ... better one."
Richard smiled and gave ... man ... gold coin.
Артикль
51
knew nothing about such ... big continent as ... America. ...
man who discovered ... America was born in 1451 in ... Italy.
His name was Christopher Columbus. He became ... sailor at
... early age. Knowing that ... Earth was round, he decided to
reach ... India sailing to ... west. He tried to arrange ...
expedition, but did not have ... money, and nobody wanted to
help him. At last ... king of ... Spain gave him ... money for
... expedition. He set ... sail in 1492. ... voyage was very
dangerous and difficult. On ... 12th of ... October his ship
reached ... land. When they landed, they saw ... strange trees
and ... flowers. ... men and ... women with ... olive-coloured
skins gathered around ... sailors and looked at them with ...
great surprise. Columbus was sure that he had discovered ...
new way to ... India. Some time later ... other sailor reached
... America. ... name of ... sailor was Amerigo Vespucci. He
understood that it was ... new continent.
Упражнение 61
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
to set s sail
Упражнение 60
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
In ... fifteenth century ... people knew only three continents:
... Europe, ... Asia and ... Africa. They
1. He's looking for ... plain shirt, but all ... shirts are
striped. 2. I'm looking for ... pair of ... black pants. 3. She's
looking for ... blouse. Polka-dot ... blouses are very popular
this ... summer. 4. I bought ... new hat yesterday. ... shop
assistant said it was ... latest style. 5. I want to ask you to
accompany me to ... shop. I must buy ... dress. 6. Where did
you buy this overcoat? — I bought it at ... big store in
Nevsky Prospect on ... Tuesday. 7. My sister bought ... blue
hat on ... Wednesday. ... colour suits her very nicely as she
has got ... blue eyes. 8. I must buy ... pair of ... new gloves.
9. Where is ... shoe
52
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
department? — It is on ... third floor. 10. I think ... coat is a
little tight. 11. We came to ... big store to find out if we could
have ... suit made to order. 12. I don't like ... hat you have
chosen. ... colour is not becoming to you. 13. Here is ...
department of ready-made clothes. Let's go in and see if we
can buy ... nice pair of ... trousers for you. 14. I am going to
give him ... tie as ... birthday present.
Упражнение 62
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Mr. Jones was ... teacher of ... physics at ... school. He was
fond of the experimental method in ... physics and often told
his pupils to use this method. One day Mr. Jones came to ...
school on ... new bicycle. ... bicycle had ... pair of ...
pneumatic tyres, which had just been invented, and none of ...
pupils had ever seen them. During ... lesson ... teacher took ...
pupils into ... school yard and showed them ... new invention.
"Now, ... children," he said, "who can tell me what is inside
this tyre that makes it so hard and yet so elastic?" ... boys
touched ... tyres. "... cotton wool," said one of them. " ... steel
springs," said ... other. "Oh no," said ... teacher, "you are
wrong." Suddenly ... little boy, who was standing beside ...
bicycle, cried out, looking very happy, "I know what it is!
There's ... wind inside." Mr. Jones smiled and said, "You are
right: there's ... air inside. But how did you find it out?" "Well,
I used ... experimental method," said ... boy, "I stuck ... nail
into ... tyre, and some wind-came out of it." For ... first time in
his life Mr. Jones did not like ... use of ... experimental
method.
Артикль
53
Упражнение 63
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Everyone in our country knows Lomonosov, ...
founder of ... first Russian university. 2. Nekrasov, ... famous
Russian poet, described ... life of ... Russian peasants. 3. I
don't want to miss ... concert which will take place at ...
Philharmonic on ... 15th of ... April. 4. He graduated from ...
university six years ago. Now he is ... scientist. And though
he is ... young scientist, his name is well known. 5. My aunt
is ... teacher of ... physics. 6. Yesterday I read ... book by
Dickens, ... famous English writer. 7. I am sorry, I don't
know ... way to ... nearest cafe. I am ... stranger here myself.
8. ... town I was born in is on ... Volga. 9. Who is ... author
of this book? 10. ... quarter of ... hour was left before ...
beginning of ... concert. We entered ... hall and saw ... group
of ... pupils of our school. We joined them.
Упражнение 64
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. During ... vacation I attended some interesting lectures.
I remember two of ... lectures best of all. They were about ...
Russian music. 2. I am sure he won't stay in ... town for ...
vacation. 3. Two weeks are left before ... end of ... school
year. ... examinations are coming. On ... first of ... June we
shall take ... exam in ... literature. 4. Today is my day off. I
am going to spend ... day in ... country. 5. My brother
brought ... new book yesterday. When I looked at ... title, I
was very glad: it was ... book which I had wanted to get for
... long time. 6. My sister is acquainted with ... actor who
played ... leading part in ... play you saw yesterday. 7. What
... river
54 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
is ... longest in ... Europe? — Why, what ... strange question
to ask! Any schoolboy can tell you that it is ... Volga. 8. I am
afraid you will have ... lot of ... trouble with this business. 9.
... day was not bright yesterday. ... sky was covered with ...
clouds.
Упражнение 65
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
I knew ... man who had travelled very much in his life. He
had visited many ... countries in ... east and in ... west. He
loved ... children and often told them ... interesting stories. I
remember some of ... stories which he told me. One of ...
stories was about ... adventure he had had in ... London. He
was ... young man at that time and was interested in ... history
of ... architecture. One day he visited one of ... towers of ...
Houses of ... Parliament. He came out on to ... balcony of ...
tower and began to look at ... ornaments on ... walls. Then he
climbed up on ... roof. Suddenly ... man came running to him
and seized him by ... arm. He began shouting something in ...
English, but my friend knew only a few words of ... English
and did not understand him. ... Englishman called ...
policeman. ... fact was that he thought that ... Russian tourist
wanted to kill himself by jumping from ... top of ... tower.
Later, when everything became clear, they laughed ... lot over
it.
Упражнение 66
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
One ... day ... father and his ... rich ... family took his ... son
on ... trip to ... country with ... firm
Артикль
55
... purpose of showing him how poor ... people can be. They
spent ... day and ... night at ... farm of ... very poor family.
When they returned from their ... trip, ... father asked his ...
son, "How was ... trip?" "Very good, Dad!" "Did you see
how poor ... people can be?" ... father asked. "Yeah!" "And
what did you learn?" ... son replied: "I saw that we have ...
dog at ... home, and they have four. We have ... pool that
reaches to ... middle of ... garden; they have ... river that has
no ... end. We have ... imported lamps in ... garden; they
have ... stars. Our ... patio reaches to ... front yard; they have
... whole horizon." When ... little boy finished speaking, his
... father was speechless. His ... son added, "Thanks, Dad, for
showing me how poor we are."
Упражнение 67
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... room in which ... boys were fed was ... large stone hall,
with ... copper at one end, out of which ... cook took ... gruel
which he put into each bowl at ... mealtimes. Each boy had
one portion of ... gruel, and no more, and on ... Sundays they
had two ounces and ... quarter of ... bread besides. ... bowls
never needed washing — ... boys polished them with their
spoons till they shone again. At last ... boys got so wild with
... hunger that one boy said he was afraid he would some
night eat ... boy who slept next to him. ... boys believed him.
... council was held. Oliver was chosen to go up to ... cook
that evening after ... supper and ask for more. ... evening
arrived, and ... boys took their places. ... cook stood at ...
copper. ... gruel was served out and disappeared. Then Oliver
rose from ... table and advancing to ... cook, said in ... weak
voice, "Please, sir, I want some
56 ______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
more." ... cook was ... healthy man, but he turned pale.
"What?" said he in ... trembling voice. ... man could not
believe his ears.
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
to go on • strike
to be on • strike
Упражнение 68
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Many years ago ... London theatre performed ... play in
which there was ... great storm on the sea. In those days ...
theatres had no ... machines. That is why ... manager engaged
... several boys to make ... waves of ... sea. They jumped up
and down under ... big piece of ... sea-green cloth. ... boys
received ... shilling ... night for their work. They worked for ...
several weeks. But then ... manager decided to pay them less
... money — only sixpence ... night. So ... boys decided to go
on ... strike. During ... performance, when ... storm began,
when ... wind blew and it was raining, ... sea remained calm —
there was not... single wave on it. ... angry manager lifted one
corner of ... "sea" and said to ... boys, "Make ... waves, ...
boys, make ... waves!" "Do you want ... waves for ... shilling
or for sixpence?" asked ... boy in ... loud voice. "Oh, for ...
shilling," answered ... manager. ... boys began to jump up and
down, and did it so well, that ... storm looked quite real.
Запомните следующее устойчивое
словосочетание:
the rest of the...
Артикль
57
Упражнение 69
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
In the old days it was necessary for all ... parts of ... city
to be close together, in order that ... defensive wall might
surround it, and ... streets, therefore, were made as narrow as
possible. Many ... European cities began with ... walls round
them. But in ... America there was little need for ... defensive
walls, and that's why many ... American cities have been
built on ... regular plan, modified a little according to ...
natural surroundings. ... streets in ... American cities, instead
of having ... names, are numbered, and so when one has once
understood ... plan of ... American city, it is very easy to find
one's way from one part of it to ... other. ... old part of ...
New York lies in ... southern half of ... Manhattan Island,
and there ... streets are narrow and twisted, as in ... towns of
... Old World. But ... rest of ... streets, with but few
exceptions, all run in ... straight lines. There is one street in
... city, however, that does not follow ... straight line. And
that is Broadway, ... New York's most famous street. It starts
within sight of ... dancing waters of ... harbour and runs
between ... tall skyscrapers in ... northwestern direction. This
great street is ... longest in ... world.
Упражнение 70
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... Africa is ... very large continent lying to ... south of ...
Europe and to ... southwest of ... Asia to which it is joined by
... Isthmus of Suez. Less than one hundred years ago ... men
knew almost nothing of ... middle of ... continent. ...
travellers from ...
58
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Europe made ... long journeys into ... centre but they met
with ... terrible difficulties, for ... continent is covered with ...
forests full of ... fearful wild animals. Some travellers died of
... hunger or ... thirst or ... strange illnesses, ... others were
killed by ... lions, still ... others by .,. natives; but nevertheless
bold men were found ready to go along ... rivers into ... heart
of ... Africa. The merchants who came from ... European
countries had much to sell, and here were ... millions of ...
people ready to buy; here was ... country, ... richness of
which was unimaginable.
Упражнение 71
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Robert Burns, ... son of ... small farmer in Ayrshire, was
born on ... 25th of ... January, 1759. His parents were poor, so
Burns did not get a good education. He worked hard as ...
ploughboy. He was fond of reading and always had ... ballad
book before him at ... dinner. After ... death of his father Robert
and his brother and sisters took over ... farm together. Working
in ... fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However,
things became so bad on ... farm, that... poet decided to go to ...
Jamaica hoping to get ... job on ... plantation there. Luckily
some friends helped Burns to publish ... book of poems. ...
book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to ...
Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked ... doors of ... rich
Edinburgh houses to a peasant with such a wonderful talent. In
1788 he married Jean Armour and spent... peaceful and happy
year. ... rest of his life story is ... tale of ... poet's hardships. ...
hard life ruined ... poet's health, and on ... 21st of ... July, 1796
he died at ... age of thirty-seven.
Артикль
59
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания:
in a day
in a month
in a week
in a year
Упражнение 72
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
"Is there ... post office near ... house you live in?"
"Yes, there is. Go to ... corner of ... street along which ...
trams run. Then turn to ... left and walk ... short distance
down ... street. Do not cross ... street, of course. You will see
... sign over ... door which says 'Post and Telegraph Office'."
"Thank you very much. I am sure I shall find it without ...
difficulty. I must buy ... stamps, send ... telegram and ask
whether they receive ... parcels there. I want to send ... parcel
to ... old friend. It will be her birthday in ... week. Perhaps
you can tell me where I can find ... shop that sells ... nice
things that one can give as ... presents?"
"Yes, certainly. There's ... very good shop not far from
here. You can easily walk there in a few minutes. Go straight
down ... street that you will see directly in ... front of you
when you come out of ... post office till you come to ... wide
street along which ... buses and ... trolleybuses run. Then
turn to ... left again and almost immediately you will come to
... beautiful shop with ... big windows full of all sorts of ...
things. I am sure you will find ... nice presents there."
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания: for s life a
great deal
60 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 73
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Until near ... end of ... 19th century it was the law in ...
England that if ... man was unable to pay ... debt, even ...
small one, he could be imprisoned. This imprisonment might
very well be for ... life, as it was impossible for ... people in
prison to work at their ordinary occupations and so make ...
money to repay ... sum they had borrowed. If they had ...
friends who could bring them ... materials to work with, they
might work with their hands, sewing or making ... boots, for
instance.
... great English novelist Charles Dickens knew ... great
deal about the debtors' prisons from personal experience, for
when he was about ten, his father was imprisoned for debt,
and ... whole family had to go and live with him in ... prison
because they had nowhere else to live. ... mother and ...
children, however, could leave ... place when they wished; but
at ten o'clock every evening ... great gates were shut for the
night, and no one could leave or enter until morning. Dickens
described ... life in the debtors' prisons in some of his novels.
It was largely because of Dickens' sharp criticism that ...
English Government was finally forced to do away with ...
debtors' prisons.
Артикль
61
there were several other children in ... family. When Charles
was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not... strong
child. He did not like to play ... cricket or ... football and
spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ...
London, and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years
of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and
... family became poorer and poorer. ... boy had to give up
his studies. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors' prison.
Little Charles learned to know all ... horrors and cruelty of ...
large capitalist city. He had to go to work at... blacking
factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When
his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school
for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned
... stenography and became ... reporter in Parliament. In 1836
at ... age of 24 Charles Dickens published his first book. It
was ... collection of ... stories. ... title of ... book was
"Sketches by Boz." These were followed by "Pickwick
Papers" and "Oliver Twist" and many other famous novels.
Charles Dickens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th
century. His novels are now translated into most languages
of ... world.
Упражнение 75
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Упражнение 74
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
At ... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born
in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ...
Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who
was older than himself, and
During ... American War of ... Independence, ...
commander of ... small unit of soldiers was giving ... orders
to his men about... heavy cannon that they were trying to lift
to its place at ... top of some fortifications. It was almost
beyond their power to lift ... weight, and ... commander kept
shouting ... encouraging words. ... officer, not in uniform,
was passing by, and he asked ... commander why he did
62
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
not help ... soldiers. Greatly surprised, ... man turned round
and said proudly, "Sir, I am ... corporal!" "Oh, you are, are
you?" replied ... officer: "I did not know that. I beg your
pardon, Mr. Corporal." Then he got off ... horse he was riding
and, taking hold of ... rope that ... men were pulling at, he
pulled with all his strength. And when ... cannon was in its
place, he turned to ... little great man and said, "Mr. Corporal,
when you have ... other job like this and have not enough ...
men, send for your commander in chief, and I shall gladly
come and help you." ... corporal was struck with ...
astonishment. ... man who had helped his soldiers was
George Washington.
Упражнение 76
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
William Shakespeare, ... greatest English playwright, was
born in 1564 in ... Stratford-upon-Avon in ... England. ...
Stratford is ... small country town in ... farming district near ...
centre of ... England. ... Avon, which is ... pretty river with ...
grass and ... trees all along its banks, runs through ... Stratford.
Not much is known of ... Shakespeare's father. He was ...
farmer who, at ... different times of his life, sold ... meat and
bought and sold ... wool. He was poor and was often in ...
money difficulties. Also very little is known about ... life of his
only son William. ... little house in which ... great writer was
born still stands. It is now ... museum. William went to ...
school in ... Stratford. In 1586 he went to ... London. Probably
... first work he did there was at one of the two theatres that
were in ... London at that time. Then he became ... actor and
soon began to write ... plays for ... company of actors to which
Артикль
63
he belonged. Shakespeare bought ... largest house in his
home town in 1597, but he did not spend much time there till
1610. He spent ... last years of his life mostly in ... Stratford,
but he often visited ... London. He died in 1616.
Упражнение 77
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Last July, my ... 65-year-old father was on his ... daily
run. It was ... unusually hot ... day, and he felt ... little sick,
so he stopped to rest in ... shade. ... passerby asked if he
needed help, but my ... father said, "No," figuring he'd be
able to get... home. Minutes later, ... other person stopped. ...
man realized something was seriously wrong and called 911.
That ... stranger saved my father's ... life. Dad suffered ...
heart attack and was hospitalized for five ... days.
I cannot thank that ... passerby enough for getting
involved and helping ... stranger when it would have been
easier to walk away. Now, my ... father has many ... years
left to enjoy his ... grandchildren.
Let everybody be ... Good Samaritans when they see ...
need. ... life could depend on it.
Упражнение 78
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
... young man attempted to rob ... store near my ... office.
He bought ... bag of ... potato chips, and while ... clerk was
making ... change, he attempted to grab ... money from ...
cash register. When ... clerk quickly closed ... drawer, ... man
tried to take ... cash register but it was so heavy, he couldn't
lift
64 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
it. He got angry. There was ... rack full of ... cigarettes in ...
corner of ... store. He decided to grab ... cigarettes but ...
clerk stopped him.
... man drove away empty-handed, but was spotted by ...
police for driving ... stolen car. ... police pursued him with ...
lights flashing and ... sirens blaring. He was soon arrested
and charged with ... possession of ... stolen vehicle, careless
and reckless driving and speeding. His ... fine was set at
$2,000.
While being escorted, ... man asked if he could stop near
... store and get his ... potato chips, since he had paid for
them. ... clerk at ... store identified him as ... man who tried
to steal ... cash register, and he was charged with ...
attempted robbery. His ... fine was increased to $15,000; he
sits in ... jail awaiting ... trial.
Артикль
65
what ... kind of ... property he had. He learned about it from
... conversation with Lickcheese, Sartorius' rent collector. It
turned out that Sartorius was ... owner of some tenements in
the London slums, and that all ... property he had was built
by getting ... money out of ... poor people who lived there.
Trench was greatly shocked. He did not want to take ...
money from Blanche's father. But Blanche said she could not
live on ... small income Trench had. They had ... quarrel, and
Trench left ... house. After some time Trench learned that ...
land on which Sartorius' houses were built belonged to
Trench's aunt and that he himself was living on ... money got
in ... same way. Everything comes out "all right" in ... end:
Trench marries Blanche and becomes ... partner in Sartorius'
business. The author shows that in ... fact Trench is no better
than Sartorius, Lickcheese and the like.
Упражнение 79
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. George Bernard Shaw, ... well-known English
playwright, was born in ... Ireland in 1856. He was ... son of
... clerk and had to begin working at ... early age. At ... age of
twenty he moved to ... London where he became ...
journalist.
2. ... play "Widowers' Houses" shows ... egoism and
hypocrisy of some businessmen who got their profits from ...
London slums where ... poorest people lived.
3. While travelling in ... Germany Harry Trench, ...
young English doctor, got acquainted with Mr. Sartorius, ...
respectable-looking gentleman, and his daughter Blanche. ...
young people fell in love with each other and were going to
get married. Trench knew that Sartorius was rich, but he did
not know
Упражнение 80
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
My ... husband picks up ... local newspaper every
morning from ... vending machine on our ... way to ... work.
... other morning, ... girl who appeared to be about six was in
... front of him in ... line, buying ... paper for her ... mother,
who was sitting in ... car. ... child put ... money for one ...
paper in ... slot and took two ... newspapers!
My ... husband said to her, "Oh, is this two-for-one day?"
... child did not reply. She just took ... two ... newspapers to
her ... mother.
This is stealing, pure and simple. I wonder what this ...
mother is going to think when her ... daughter becomes ...
teen and gets arrested for ... shop3 Ю. Голицынский
66 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
lifting at ... mall? I suppose she'll wonder where her ...
daughter got ... idea that it is OK to take something without
paying for it.
... mother missed ... opportunity to teach her ... child right
from wrong. If ... child took ... extra newspaper in ... error, ...
mother should have instructed her to put it back. However, if
she put ... child up to it — shame on her.
Артикль
ink! As ... men left ... room and tried to leave ... hospital, ...
emergency room doctor saw them and she thought, "Oh
God, they're all covered in ... blood." So she tried to help
them but they refused her ... help and ran off. ... doctor
realized something funny was going on and she called ...
police. ... police caught ... robbers — guess where? Outside
... bank on Main Street.
Упражнение 81
Упражнение 82
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
Three ... bank robbers got ... surprise last night. This is
what happened. ... three ... robbers, who all work as ...
cleaners at ... hospital, drove up to ... bank on Main Street. ...
three men, wearing ... masks over their ... faces, got out of ...
car and ran into ... bank. Inside ... bank, they pointed ... guns
at ... customers and ... bank tellers. One of ... men told all ...
customers to lie down on ... floor. And then one of ... other
men said something like, "Quick, ... money! Give me ...
money!" So one of ... tellers handed them some ... bags. After
leaving ... bank, ... three men jumped into their ... van and
drove off. One ... mile down ... road, ... robbers parked their
... van next to ... ambulance they had parked before ...
robbery. They got into ... ambulance and drove off. They
went straight to their ... hospital. After leaving ... ambulance
in ... hospital parking lot, ... three ... men went together into ...
small room. There, they opened ... bags of ... money they had
been given — and got... very ... unpleasant surprise! ... bank
teller had given ... robbers ... special bags containing ... bright
red ... ink! ... red ink is released when ... bag is opened, and it
can't be washed off. So suddenly, ... men found themselves
covered in red
67
... tsunami is ... natural phenomenon consisting of ...
series of ... waves generated when ... water in ... lake or ...
sea is rapidly displaced on ... massive scale. It is also ... very
large dangerous ocean wave caused by ... underwater
explosion, earthquake, etc. ... earthquakes, ... landslides, ...
volcanic eruptions and ... large meteorite impacts all have
the potential to generate ... tsunami. ... effects of ... tsunami
can range from unnoticeable to ... devastation.
... magnitude 9.0 2004 ... Indian Ocean Earthquake
triggered ... series of ... lethal tsunamis on December 26,
2004 that killed over 310,000 people (more than 220,000 in
... Indonesia alone), making it ... deadliest tsunami in ...
recorded history. ... tsunami killed ... people over ... area
ranging from ... immediate vicinity of ... quake in ...
Indonesia, ... Thailand and ... north-western coast of ...
Malaysia to thousands of kilometres away in ... Bangladesh,
... India, ... Sri Lanka, ... Maldives, and even as far as ...
Somalia, ... Kenya and ... Tanzania in ... eastern Africa. ...
disaster prompted ... huge worldwide effort to help ... victims
of ... tragedy, with hundreds of ... millions of ... dollars being
raised for ... disaster relief.
Существительное
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
Упражнение 83
Дайте соответствующие существительные женского рода.
A lion, a tiger, an actor, a poet, a man, an uncle, a
husband, a brother, a grandfather, a son, a master, a
baron, a count, a shepherd, a host.
Упражнение 84
Дайте соответствующие
мужского рода.
существительные
A lady, a girl, a niece, Mrs. Smith, a widow, a
stewardess, a French woman, a cow, a queen, a
princess, a duchess, a hen, a mother.
Упражнение 85
Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (не забудьте, что перед множественным числом неопределенный артикль нужно
опустить).
A pen, a class, a story, a road, a day, a cat, a bush, a
desk, a table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a
chair, a bus, a hero, a match, a way, a house, a family, a
flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play, a
dictionary, a thief, a key.
Запомните форму множественного числа
следующих существительных:
a man — men
a woman — women
a child — children
a mouse — mice
a goose — geese
a tooth — teeth
a foot — feet
an ox — oxen
Запомните также: an Englishman —
Образование множественного числа
существительных
a cat — cats a
dog — dogs a car a dress — dresses a box —
— cars a chair — boxes a dish — dishes a watch
— watches
chairs
a boy — boys
a
1
potato — potatoes
2
a city — cities
a leaf — leaves
Ho: 1) a piano — pianos; a photo — photos. 2) a roof
— roofs; a safe — safes; a handkerchief —
handkerchiefs.
69
Englishmen a Frenchman — Frenchmen Ho:
a German — Germans
Запомните три существительных,
имеющих во множественном числе ту же форму,
что и в единственном:
a sheep — sheep a
deer — deer a
swine — swine
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 86
Существительное
71
Упражнение 88
" Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (обратите внимание на артикли:
неопределенный артикль во множественном числе
опускается, определенный артикль сохраняется).
A baby, a plant, a lemon, a peach, a banana, a brush, a
star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the
queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf,
a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a
toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato, a secretary, a crowd, the airport, a theatre, the tornado,
a shop, the tragedy.
Упражнение 87
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This is a spider. 2. That is a snail. 3. This is a space
film. 4. That is a cartoon. 5. This is a star. 6. This is a boy. 7.
This is a baby. 8. That is a plate. 9. That is a flower. 10. That
is a bookshelf. 11. Is this a sofa? 12. Is this a bookcase? 13.
Is this a man? 14. Is that a ball? 15. Is that a train? 16. Is that
a plane? 17. Is the window open? 18. Is the door closed? 19.
Is the boy near the window? 20. That is not a king. 21. That
is not a queen. 22. That is not a bus. 23. This isn't a
mountain. 24. That isn't a goose. 25. This isn't a mouse. 26.
It is a sheep. 27. It is a cigarette. 28. It is a cat. 29. It is not a
girl. 30. It isn't a bag. 31. It isn't a tree. 32. It is not a bad
egg. 33. It is a good egg. 34. Is that a flower?
Поставьте следующие словосочетания во множественное число.
This magazine, that sticker, this stamp, that sandwich,
this poster, this teacup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this
foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that
match, this knife, this book, this family, this pie, that answer,
that apartment, that teacher, that comedy.
Запомните:
this is — these are
that is — those are
there is — there are
it is — they are
Упражнение 89
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This cup is dirty. 2. That biscuit was tasty.
3. This hotel is very expensive but it's very nice.
4. There is a children's playground in the park.
5. That is a new supermarket in our town. 6. It's a delicious
lemon pie for dessert. 7. It's a nice cotton dress for my niece.
8. This man is an engineer. 9. That woman is my sister. 10.
This child is my son. 11. That goose is big. 12. This mouse is
white. 13. This man is a doctor. 14. That woman is my
cousin. She is a teacher. 15. That girl is my niece.
72
Существительное
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
She is a pupil. 16. This girl has a blue sweater. 17. This boy
has a good coat. 18. My uncle has a large flat. 19. There is a
table in the room. 20.1 have a good pen. My pen is in my
pocket. 21. There is a flower in the vase. 22. This child's foot
is sore.
Упражнение 90
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This phone in the office is out of order. 2. That blouse
is made of silk. 3. This is an excellent painting. 4. His book
is very popular and it really interests me. 5. It's a difficult
word to write. 6. My son is a journalist and he has been very
successful. 7. This purse isn't made of leather. 8. That is my
neighbour's car. 9. Has he got a camera? 10. It's a new
cassette recorder. 11. This room is very large. 12. There is a
match in the box. 13. Has this lady got a knife? 14. There is a
man and a woman in the street. 15. This lady is that
gentleman's wife. 16. This shoe is too large for my foot. 17.
The child is sitting on a bench. 18. My tooth is white. 19.
This key is made of steel. 20. A potato is a vegetable and a
cherry is a fruit. 21. This is my friend's study.
Упражнение 91
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This
metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one. 5. I heard
her voice. 6. His dog does not like
73
bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town isn't very
large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is
that girl your sister? 11.1 shall give you my book. 12. This
story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The
boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat. 16.
That house is new. 17. The young man put his hand in his
pocket. 18. Is this student coming with us, too? 19. The
woman didn't say anything. 20. Does she speak English? 21.
The police officer has caught the thief. 22. He is holding the
child hostige.
Упражнение 92
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. It's a very difficult question to answer. 2.1 think I'll
have that cake on the right. 3. Look at that pumpkin! It's the
biggest one I've seen this year. 4. Is this your scarf? 5. That
was a cookie jar. 6. What is that child's name? 7. The cat has
caught a mouse. 8. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy, and
a girl in the room. 9. In the farmyard we could see an ox, a
sheep, a cow, and a goose. 10. Is this worker an Englishman
or a German? — He is a Frenchman. 11. Why don't you eat
this potato? 12. This strawberry is still green. 13. The
withered leaf has fallen to the ground. 14. Can you see a bird
in that tree? 15. Does your tooth still ache? 16. I held up my
foot to the fire to warm it. 17. His child studies very well. 18.
This man works at our office. 19. There is a new house in
our street. 20. This story is very interesting. 21. I have hurt
my foot. 22. The wolf has been shot. 23. He keeps his toy in
a box. 24. Put this knife on that table.
74 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Существительное
Упражнение 93
Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? — No, it isn't. That
is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? — Yes, it is. 4. Is that cow
big or small? — It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a
flower. 6. Where is the coin? — It is in the box. 7. What
colour is the box? — It is green. 8. What is it made of? — It
is made of wood. 9. What is that man? — He is a clerk. 10. Is
he in the office? — Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? —
No, she isn't. — What is she? — She is a doctor. 12. Is his
brother at home? — Yes, he is. 13. This house has a balcony
looking out on the street. 14. The architecture of this building
is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg.
16. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district.
17. He is a retired worker. 18. I am a doctor. 19. We hear the
sounds of a child's voice. 20. She is a nice girl.
Притяжательный падеж существительных the
child's toys — the children's toys the boy's
books — the boys' books
Упражнение 94
Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания
предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж.
и
1. The ball of the dog. 2. The skateboard of that man. 3.
The songs of the children. 4. The umbrella of my
grandmother. 5. The room of my friend. 6. The questions of
my son. 7. The wife of my brother. 8. The table of our
teacher. 9. The poems of Push-
75
kin. 10. The voice of this girl. 11. The new club of the
workers. 12. The letter of Pete. 13. The car of my parents.
14. The life of this woman. 15. The handbags of these
women. 16. The flat of my sister is large. 17. The children of
my brother are at home. 18. The room of the boys is large.
19. The name of this girl is Jane. 20. The work of these
students is interesting. 21. The computer of my son is
modern. 22. He was a friend of my cousins.
Упражнение 95
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя притяжательный падеж.
1. Глаза у кошки зеленые. 2. Игрушки детей в
большом ящике. 3. День рождения моего отца в мае. 4. И
что за совпадение! Это любимый торт и моей мамы. 5. Я
люблю книги моего мужа. 6. Как зовут того молодого
человека? 7. Он показал мне письмо своей сестры. 8. Она
взяла коньки своего брата. 9. Дайте мне тетради ваших
учеников. 10. Принесите вещи детей. 11. Вчера дети
нашли птичье гнездо. 12. Это семья моего друга. Отец
моего друга — инженер. Мать моего друга —
преподаватель. 13. Чья это сумка? — Это сумка Тома.
14. Чьи это словари? — Это словари студентов. 15. Вы
видели книгу нашего учителя? 16. Мне нравится почерк
этого мальчика. 17. Я слышу голос моей сестры. 18. Она
открыла окно и услышала смех и крики детей. 19. Она
поставила мокрые сапоги мальчиков к печке. 20. Это
бабушкино кресло. 21. Я считаю, что ответ этого
студента отличный. 22. Мой муж много знает о романах
(книгах) Агаты Кристи. 23. В воскресенье у Дианы был
день рождения. 24. Вчера вечером мы смотрели
телевизор в доме моего друга. 25. Собака Лизы прыгнула
с нами в пруд.
Местоимения some, any, no, every
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY
И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ
Some обозначает некоторое количество.
Употребление
Утвердительная форма
We have got some
dictionaries.
Отрицательная форма
We have got no
dictionaries.
We haven't got any
dictionaries.
Вопросительная форма
Have you got any
dictionaries?
Упражнение 96
Вставьте some, any или no.
A
1. There are ... pictures in the book. 2. Are there ... new
students in your group? 3. There are ... old houses in our
street. 4. Are there ... English textbooks on the desks? —
Yes, there are ... . 5. Are there ... maps on the walls? — No,
there aren't ....
77
6. Are there ... pens on the desk? — Yes, there are ... . 7. Are
there ... sweets in your bag? — Yes, there are ... . 8. Have
you got ... English books at home? — Yes, I have ... . 9.
There are ... beautiful pictures in the magazine. Look at
them. 10. There is ... ink in my pen: I cannot write. 11. Is
there ... paper on your table? 12.1 haven't got ... exercise
books. Give me ... , please. 13. It is winter. There are ...
leaves on the trees.
В
1. I need ... sugar, ... flour, ... eggs, ... butter and ... milk
to make a cake. 2. There is ... butter in the fridge, but there
isn't ... milk. 3. Are there ... eggs? — There aren't ... eggs
left. 4. We haven't got ... flour. 5. To make cabbage soup I
need ... cabbage, ... onions, ... carrots, and ... salt. I don't
need ... plums or ... pineapples. 6. I need to buy a lot of
things. There isn't ... time to waste. 7. Oh, dear! There is ...
money in my purse.
Упражнение 97
Вставьте some, any или по.
1. We haven't got ... milk. We can't make an omelette. 2.
Bob always likes ... sugar in his coffee. 3. Poor Oliver was
hungry. He wanted ... bread.
4. They haven't got... stamps. I can't post my letter.
5. He has got ... money. He can't spend his holidays in
Switzerland any more and stay at luxury hotels.
6. There are ... schools in this street. 7. Are there ... pictures
in your book? 8. There are ... flowers here in winter. 9. I can
see ... children in the yard. They are playing. 10. Are there ...
new buildings in your street? 11. There are ... people in the
park because it is cold. 12. I saw ... boys in the garden, but
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every
Mike was not among them. 13. They brought ... good books
from the library. 14. Give me ... tea, please, I am thirsty. 15.
Dinner was not yet ready, so she gave the children ... bread
and butter because they were hungry. 16. Do you want ...
milk in your coffee? 17. Have you got ... time to spare? I'd
like to ask you ... questions. 18. Is there ... cheese on the
plate? 19. There is ... ham on the plate. 20. There is ... tea in
the cup: the cup is empty.
new book. 10. Are there ... newspapers on the table? 11. Was
there ... water in the glass or ... milk? 12. There was ... soap
in the box; he used it to wash his hands. 13. There was ...
soap in the box: it smells of ... soap. 14. There are ... letters
for you on the table. 15. Do you like ... apples? 16. Were
there ... of our teachers at the stadium? 17. There were ...
students of our group at the consultation yesterday.
18. Will there be ... concerts at the club next month?
19. There were ... yellow and green pencils on the table. 20.
People need ... oxygen for breathing. 21. Are there ...
mistakes in my dictation? — Yes, there are .... 22. My
brother doesn't like ... carrots.
78
Сравните следующие предложения:
After dinner he drank
some juice.
сока (некоторое
количество)
He does not drink milk after
dinner, he drinks s juice.
сок (не некоторое количество, а
сок вообще; сок, а не молоко)
I brought some books
I like s books.
from the library.
(некоторое количество (не некоторое количество, а
вообще книги)
книг)
something — что-нибудь, что-то
Употребление
Утвердительная форма
1 can see something on the
table.
Отрицательная форма
1 can see nothing on the
table.
1 cannot see anything on
Упражнение 98
Вставьте some, any, по или оставьте пропуски
незаполненными, смотря по смыслу.
1. There are ... buses today and I can't go shopping. 2.
There is ... caviare in the can. I love it. Would you like ... ?
3. Please don't offer her ... chips. She doesn't want .... 4. Can
I have ... milk in my tea? I don't like it black. 5. There is ...
ink in my pen. 6. Is there ... snow in the street this morning?
7. My mother likes ... music. 8. Are there ... chess players
here? 9. There are ... diagrams in the
79
Вопросительная форма
the table.
Can you see anything on the
table?
everything — всѐ
Упражнение 99
Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. My husband taught his son ... he knows. 2. Her patient
has a bad memory. She can't remember ... . 3.1 think there is
... wrong with my watch. 4. We've
80
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
got ... to eat. We've got only ... to drink. 5. The student-didn't
understand ... because she heard ... . 6. Does he know ...
about computers? — Yes, he knows ... because he is the best
specialist in computer science at Harvard University. 7. He
felt terrible. He couldn't do ... else. 8. ... is all right, the
patient is much better today. 9. Is there ... interesting in the
programme of the concert? 10. I could see ... : it was quite
dark. 11. Give me ... to drink. 12. I didn't take any money
with me, so I couldn't buy .... 13. My new eyeglasses are
very good, I can see ... now. 14. I saw ... near the wood that
looked like a tent.
Местоимения some, any, no, every
81
somebody — кто-нибудь, кто-то
Употребление
Утвердительная форма
Не asked somebody
to help him.
Отрицательная форма
Не asked nobody
to help him.
He did not ask anybody to
help him.
Вопросительная форма
Did he ask anybody
to help him?
everybody — все
Упражнение 100
Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. She has to go to the supermarket. There isn't ... in the
fridge. 2. I've had a terrible day. ... went wrong. 3. The
young man is very upset. There is ... wrong with his car. 4.
His grandparents like doing ... : cooking, playing board
games, going to museums, visiting their friends. 5. She never
says ... nice about her neighbours. 6. What do you want to
drink? — .... I'm not thirsty. 7. Nobody told me ... about his
lung cancer. I could do ... to save his life. 8. Give me ... to
read, please. — With pleasure. 9. I don't know ... about your
town. Tell me ... about it. 10. Please give me ... warm: it is
cold here. 11. I understand ... now. Thank you for your
explanation. 12. There is ... white in the box. What is it? 13.
Is there ... that you want to tell me? 14. Where is the book?
— It is on the table. — No, there is ... there.
Упражнение 101
Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.
1. Don't tell ... about it. It's a secret. 2. Life is tough! ...
has problems. 3. ... has eaten all the ice cream. That's
terrible! ... will be able to have it for dessert tonight. 4. I
think, ... in our class is honest. That's why we trust ... . 5. If
you look in the yellow pages, I am sure you'll find ... who
can fix your TV. 6. I am not a perfectionist. ... is perfect in
this world. 7. Is there ... in the office? 8. ... needs good
friends. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 9. Has ... in this
group got a dictionary? 10. ... left a magazine in our
classroom yesterday. 11. The question was so difficult that ...
could answer it. 12. I am afraid I shan't be able to find ... in
the office now: it is too late. 13. ... knows that water is
necessary for life. 14. Is there ... here who knows French?
15. You must find ... who can help you. 16. ... knew anything
about America before Columbus discovered it. 17. I saw ...
in the train yesterday who looked
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every
like you. 18. There is ... in the next room. I don't know him.
19. Please tell us the story. ... knows it. 20. Is there ... in my
group who lives in the dormitory? 21. Has ... here got a red
pencil? 22. ... can answer this question. It is very easy.
Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English
books. 9. There are some tall trees in front of their house. 10.
Peter has something in his box. 11. There are some parks in
this town. 12. There are some good bookshops in our
district.
82
Упражнение 102
Заполните пропуски, вставив одно из слов, данных в
скобках.
1. We haven't... black stockings (no, any). 2. They have
... red boots, Kate (any, no). 3. I don't want ... today, thank
you (nothing, anything). 4. "I haven't got ... clean exercise
books, Mother," said the boy (any, no). 5. "We shall not buy
... in this shop, children," said the mother (nothing,
anything). 6. Didn't you buy ... potatoes yesterday (any, no)?
7. I didn't see ... in the street when I went out (anybody, nobody). 8. We did not play ... games in the yard because it
was raining all day long (no, any). 9. There is ... at home
(anybody, nobody). 10. How much did you pay for these
boots? — I didn't pay ... (nothing, anything). They are a
present from my grandmother. 11. Have you lost ...
(anything, nothing)? — No, nobody here has lost ...
(nothing, anything).
Упражнение 103
Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.
1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some
money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have
taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading
something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7.
Somebody by the name of
83
Упражнение 104
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Я ничего не сказал. Ни слова. 2. Все хотели
получить автограф Юрия Гагарина. 3. Все, что у меня
есть, принадлезкит тебе. 4. В столовой есть кто-нибудь?
5. В саду никого нет. 6. В нашей комнате есть ктонибудь? 7. Там есть кто-то. 8. Там никого нет. 9. В
библиотеке есть кто-нибудь? 10. За занавеской есть чтонибудь? — Нет, там ничего нет. 11. В сумке что-то есть.
12. В доме есть кто-нибудь? — Да, там есть кто-то. 13.
Под столом есть что-нибудь? — Да, там что-то есть. 14.
Там ничего нет. 15. В кабинете врача есть кто-нибудь?
— Нет, там никого нет. 16. В нашей библиотеке есть коекакие книги на английском языке. 17. В вашей
библиотеке есть какие-нибудь книги Джека Лондона?
18. Мой дядя хочет мне что-то сказать. 19. На другой
день мой брат знал всех. 20. Если вы захотите чтонибудь поесть, идите в вагон-ресторан. 21. Расскажите
нам всѐ о вашем путешествии.
Заметьте, что в утвердительных предложениях:
any значит „любой" anything
значит „что угодно" anybody
значит „кто угодно"
84
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 105
1. Here are ... books by English writers. Take ... book you
like. 2. There are ... boys in the garden because they are at
school. 3. I can see ... on the snow, but I don't know what it
is. 4. Are there ... desks in the classroom? — Yes, there are
many. 5. There are ... books on this desk, but there are ...
exercise books. 6. Did he say ... about it? — No, he said ... .
7. What shall I do now, Mom? I have done my homework.
— You can do ... you like. 8. There was ...in the street
because it was very late. 9. ... wants to see him. 10. Is there
... here who knows this man? 11. Have you ... books on
Dickens? I want to read ... about him. I have read ... books
by Dickens and I am interested in the life of the writer. 12.
Can ... tell me how to get to the Public Library? — Yes, take
... bus that goes from here towards the railway station and
get off at the third stop. 13. Please bring me ... apples, Mary.
14. That is a very easy question — ... can answer it.
somewhere — где-нибудь, куда-нибудь,
где-то, куда-то
Употребление
Отрицательная форма
1 saw this man
somewhere.
1 saw this man nowhere.
1 did not see this man
anywhere.
Вопросительная форма
85
Упражнение 106
Вставьте some, any, по или их производные.
Утвердительная форма
Местоимения some, any, no, every
Did you see this man
anywhere?
everywhere — везде
Вставьте
everywhere.
somewhere,
anywhere,
nowhere
или
1. I can't find my book .... I have looked all over the
house. 2. Johnny lives ... near Chicago. 3. It so happened that
he had ... to go to. So last summer he stayed at home in his
beloved city for his holidays. 4. This book can be found ....
Let's buy it. 5. Do you live ... near them? 6. Is it ... in Russia?
— Yes, it's ... in Russia. 7. Where are you going? — I am not
going ... . 8. I put my dictionary ... yesterday and now I can't
find it ... . — Of course, that is because you leave your books
... . 9. You must go ... next summer. 10. Did you go ... on
Sunday? 11. Let's go ... . The weather is fine. I don't want to
stay at home in such weather. 12. I cannot find my glasses ...
. I always put them ... and then look for them for hours. 13.
Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are
flags, banners and flowers ....
Упражнение 107
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Здесь нет Кати. Мы ее везде искали, но не можем
нигде найти ее. Кто-нибудь видел Катю? — Вот она.
Никто ничего не знает о ней, а она сидит на скамейке и
читает книгу. 2. На столе лежит что-то круглое. Что это
такое? 3. Никто об этом ничего не знает. 4. В городе
много парков. Везде деревья и цветы. 5. В той комнате
кто-то есть. 6. Анна живет где-то в этом районе. 7. Я
никого не знаю в этом городе. 8. Дай мне, пожалуйста,
что-нибудь поесть. 9. Кто-нибудь знает адрес нашего
учителя? 10. Все в порядке. 11. Кто-нибудь хочет
посмотреть телевизор? 12. Мы слышали эту песню
повсюду. 13. Он где-то в саду.
86
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 108
Вставьте одно из следующих слов:
a) some, any, по.
1. There were ... of my friends there. 2. Well, anyway,
there is ... need to hurry, now that we have missed the train.
3. Have you ever seen ... of these pictures before? 4. There is
... water in the kettle: they have drunk it all. 5. There were ...
firtrees in that forest, but many pines. 6. We could not buy
cherries, so we bought ... plums instead.
b) somebody, anybody, nobody.
1. I saw ... I knew at the lecture. 2. I dare say that there
may be ... at the lecture that I know, but what does that
matter? 3. Do you really think that ... visits this place? 4. I
have never seen ... lace their boots like that.
c) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere.
1. I haven't seen him ... . 2. I know the place is ... about
here, but I don't know exactly where. 3. Did you go ...
yesterday? — No, I went ... , I stayed at home the whole day.
Упражнение 109
Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производные.
1. To know ... is to know ... . 2. ... is rotten in the state of
Denmark (W. Shakespeare). 3. Wealth is ... without health.
4. ... is good in its season.
5. Can I have ... milk? — Yes, you can have ... .
6. Will you have ... tea? 7. Give me ... books, please. I have
... to read at home. 8. Put ... sugar in her
Местоимения some, any, no, every
87
tea: she does not like sweet tea. 9. Is ... the matter with you?
Has ... offended you? I see by your face that ... has happened.
10. We did not see ... in the hall. 11. ... was present at the
lesson yesterday. 12. He is busy. He has ... time to go to the
cinema with us. 13. Do you need ... books to prepare for your
report? 14. Have you ... questions? Ask me ... you like, I
shall try to answer ... question. 15. ... liked that play: it was
very dull. 16. If ... is ready, we shall begin our experiment.
17. Money isn't... in the world.
Упражнение 110
Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производные.
1. Can you see ... in an empty box? No, I can't see ... in
an empty box. I can see ... in an empty box. Why not?
Because there is ... in an empty box. There isn't ... in an
empty box. What is an empty box? An empty box is a box
that has ... in it. An empty box is a box without ... in it. An
empty room is a room without ... in it.
2. Can ... see? No, ... people can't see. ... people are
blind. Blind people can't see. They can't see ... ; they can see
....
3. Can ... hear? No, ... people can't hear. ... people are
deaf. People who are quite deaf can't hear. They can't hear
..., they can't hear .... They can hear ... ; they can hear ....
4. Can we see ... ? No, we can't see .... We cannot see the
air. ... can see the air.
5. We can't walk without legs and feet. People without
legs and feet can't walk. They can't walk .... They can walk
....
88
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 111
Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. Are there ... cinemas or theatres in your town?
— There aren't ... cinemas, but there is a theatre festival in
summer. 2. Is there ... for young people
— a zoo, interesting museums? — I'm sorry, there is ... zoo
in our town. But there are ... museums, ... discos and every
three weeks there is a rock concert for young people here. 3.
Have you ... relations? — No, I haven't ... , I have ...
relations. 4. Has she ... nephews or nieces? — She has ...
nephews. 5. She has ... sisters, she has only brothers. 6. Do
you know ... about Chinese art? 7. They have ... cousins in
Minsk. 8. Have you ... brothers? — No, I haven't ... , I have
... brothers. 9. I have ... good friends. 10. We did not know ...
about his problems: he told us ... . 11. Have you got ...
interesting books? 12. Have you ... friends in America? 13.
He has ... English books in this bookcase. 14. Did you meet
... on your way to school? 15. Have you got ... pencils in
your bag? 16. Do we have ... chalk on the blackboard? 17.
How could I know that he was ill? ... told me .... 18. She has
... mistakes in her test.
Местоимения some, any, no, every
89
you like ... bacon? 9. Какова цена бекона? What is the price
of ... bacon? 10. Он никогда не кладет сахару в чай. Не
never puts ... sugar in his tea. 11. Сахар — важный
пищевой продукт. ... sugar is an important food product. 12.
Суп (вообще) содержит много воды. ... soup contains
much water. 13. Суп готов. ... soup is ready. 14. Дайте мне
супу. Give me ... soup. 15. Название этого супа — борщ.
The name of ... soup is borshch. 16. Прежде всего нам
нужно согреть воды. First of all we must heat... water. 17.
Прежде всего нам нужно согреть воду. First of all we must
heat ... water. 18. Вода состоит из водорода и кислорода.
... water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 19. Мыло
необходимо для мытья. ... soap is necessary for washing.
20. Ha умывальнике нет мыла. There is ... soap on the
washstand. 21. Мыло на полке. ... soap is on the shelf. 22.
Мне не нравится цвет этого мыла. I don't like the colour of
... soap. 23. Есть у вас карболовое мыло? Have you got ...
carbolic soap? 24. В Карелии много фабрик, которые
производят бумагу. There are many factories in Karelia that
produce ... paper. 25. Бумага для стенгазеты на столе. ...
paper for the wall newspaper is on the table. 26. Дайте мне
бумаги. Give me ... paper. 27. Я очень люблю этот сорт
бумаги. I like this sort of ... paper very much.
Упражнение 112
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the
или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. Передай мне масло. Pass me ... butter, please. 2. Дай
ему масла. Give him ... butter. 3. Я не хочу масла. I don't
want ... butter. 4. Эта ферма производит масло. This farm
produces ... butter. 5. В этом стакане нет молока. There is
... milk in this glass. 6. Возьми варенья. Take ... jam. 7.
Возьми варенье. Take ... jam. 8. Любите ли вы бекон? Do
Упражнение 113
Вставьте a, the, some или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. a) I've just made ... coffee. Would you like ... ? b) Wait
... minute! ... coffee is very hot. — I'd like ... milk,
please. — I prefer ... black coffee.
90
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
2. a) Give me ... water, please. I am thirsty.
b) ... water in this river is always cold.
c) ... water is necessary for animals and plants.
3. a) Do you like ... brown bread?
b) Please go to the shop and buy ... brown bread.
4. a) He likes ... modern music.
b) I should like to listen to ... music.
c) I don't like ... music, it is too noisy. Switch off the
radio, please.
5. a) Ann has bought ... cheese.
b) Where did she put ... cheese?
c) Give me ... cheese, please.
6. a) Yesterday she invited us to dinner. It was
... good dinner, b) I cannot forget ... dinner we had at
the Savoy.
Упражнение 114
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, the, a или
оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. In ... bedroom of this flat there are twin beds, ... little
bedside table between them, and ... chair. There are clothes
thrown over ... chair. 2. Here is ... book that you left on my
table yesterday. 3. ... men saw ... boat on ... river. 4. Can you
give me ... match? 5. I get ... long letters from my mother,
but only ... postcards from my brother. 6. The waitress put ...
salad into each plate. 7. When did ... lesson begin? 8.
Children must go to ... school. 9. Pass me ... piece of ...
bread, please. 10. Do you like ... cucumbers? 11. We bought
... cucumbers at ... market. 12. We use ... pencils or ... pens
when we write. 13. He was reading ... book when I came into
... room. 14. Give me ... water to drink, please. 15. At
Местоимения some, any, no, every
91
what time will ... meeting begin? 16. Do you find ... English
difficult? 17. I got ... letter from my brother yesterday. 18. I
had ... bread and ... butter and ... egg for ... breakfast this
morning.
Упражнение 115
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the,
а или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. I'm afraid there's ... juice in ... fridge. Would you like
... lemonade? 2. My friends from Chicago can't speak ...
foreign languages. 3. She bought ... new books yesterday. 4.
Where are ... books which you brought from ... library
yesterday? 5. Did you buy ... apples when you were at...
shop? 6. We could not skate because there was ... snow on ...
ice. 7. ... house must have ... windows. 8. Most people like ...
music. 9. There was ... meat on Nick's plate and ... fish on
Tom's. 10. We saw ... houses in the distance. 11. ... cats like
... milk. 12. They stopped in ... front of ... house where Tom
lived. 13. I showed him ... way to ... station. 14. What is ...
name of ... street in which you live? 15. I want to say ...
words to your sister. 16. ... tea in this glass is cold. 17. ... sun
was high in ... sky. 18. Oh, there are ... apples in ... vase: ...
children have eaten all of them. Please put ... apples into ...
vase. 19. Yesterday we had ... fish for dinner. 20. He gave
me ... coffee. 21. I drank ... cup of ... coffee after ... dinner.
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few
MUCH, MANY, (A)
LITTLE, (A) FEW
_____ _ ----- much time (ед. ч.)
Много *=^Щ7
'—■— many books (мн. ч.)
Упражнение 116
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары
слов.
Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много
дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет,
много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много
девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много
комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха,
много птиц, много машин.
Упражнение 117
Вставьте much или many.
1. A don't eat ... mangoes. 2. Не eats ... fish. 3. She ate so
... dessert that she is in bed today with
93
a stomachache. 4. That man drank so ... wine, and he smoked
so ... cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Mary
must not eat too ... salt because she has problems with her
blood pressure. 6. My mother says I eat too ... French fries
and drink too ... beer. She wants me to be healthy. 7. There is
not too ... space in my flat. 8. There are ... new pictures in
this room. 9. There are ... teachers at our school, and ... of
them are women. 10. ... of these plays are quite new. 11.
Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. —
Don't mention it, it wasn't ... bother. 12. ... of her advice was
useful. 13. He had ... pairs of socks. 14. Please don't put ...
pepper on the meat. 15. There were ... plates on the table. 16.
I never eat ... bread with soup. 17. Why did you eat so ... ice
cream? 18. She wrote us ... letters from the country. 19. ... of
these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary.
20. ... in this work was too difficult for me. 21. ... of their answers were excellent. 22. ... of their conversation was about
the university.
_____—- ------ little time (ед. ч.)
Мало -=d^T7
"——- few books (мн. Ч.)
Упражнение 118
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары
слов.
Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало
окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало
радости, мало супу, мало деревьев, мало травы, мало
детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало
колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли,
мало друзей, мало дворцов.
94
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 119
Вставьте little или few.
1. Не has got ... friends. 2. I drink ... coffee. I don't like it.
3. We must hurry. We've got very ... time. 4. There are very
... scholarships for students in this university. 5. The Smiths
have ... money. They aren't rich. 6. The theatre was almost
empty. There were very ... people there. 7. There was ... lemonade in the bottle. There were ... peaches in the basket. 8. I
have ... time, so I can't go with you. 9. He has ... English
books. 10. There is ... juice in my glass. Have you got any
juice? 11. There are ... bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was
the son of poor parents and had very ... clothes. 13. There is
too ... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please.
14. The children returned from the wood very sad because
they had found very ... mushrooms.
15. There was too ... light in the room, and I could not read.
16. There are very ... people who don't know that the Earth is
round.
Упражнение 120
Вставьте much, many, little или few.
1. Robert wrote so ... letters that he's never going to write
a letter again. 2. She ate so ... ice cream that she's going to
have a sore throat. 3. His father earned ... money, but he
enjoyed his job. He loved teaching English very ... . 4. There
are ... cookies in the box. I should have bought them last
Monday. 5. Does your sister read ... ? — Yes, she does. And
your brother? — Oh, he doesn't. He has so ... books, but he
reads very ... . 6. Have you ... work to do today? — No, not
very ... .7. Walk quicker, please.
95
We have very ... time. 8. I am sorry to say, I have read very
... books by Walter Scott. 9. My brother is a young teacher.
Every day he spends ... time preparing for his lessons. 10. I
know very ... about this writer. It is the first book I am
reading. 11. The pupils of our class ask ... questions at the
lesson. They want to know everything. 12. You do not make
... mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? — Oh,
yes, I do, I work very ....
Сравните:
плохо
хорошо
плохо
хорошо
1 have little time.
1 have a little time.
1 have few books.
У меня мало времени.
У меня есть немного
времени.
У меня мало книг.
1 have a few books. У меня есть несколько
книг.
Упражнение 121
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары
слов.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало
стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья,
мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько
человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов,
несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного
удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли,
несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько
машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
96
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 122
Упражнение 124
Вставьте a little, a few.
Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little или a few.
This is my mother's favorite recipe for fruitcake, and
everybody says it's out of this world!
1. Put 3 cups of flour into a mixing bowl.
2. Add ... sugar.
3. Slice ... apples.
4. Cut up ... oranges.
5. Pour in ... honey.
6. Add ... baking soda.
7. Chop up ... nuts.
8. Add ... salt.
9. Mix in ... raisins. 10.
Bake for 45 minutes.
Enjoy, dear!
Упражнение 123
Вставьте little, a little, few или a few.
1. There is ... salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like ...
salad? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my
health. 3. I have ... money, so we can go to the cinema. 4. I
have ... money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl
works very ... , that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother
gave us ... apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at
the camp: he had very ... friends there. 8. This lemon drink is
sour; if you put ... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This
lemon drink is sour; if you put ... lumps of sugar in it, it will
be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very
... people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I
have too ... money. 12. She left and returned in ... minutes.
13. I think you can spare me ... time now. 14. I am sorry I
have seen ... plays by this author.
97
1. When we walked ... farther down the road, we met
another group of students. 2. Have you got ... money on you?
— I'm sorry. I have very ... money at the moment. 3. At the
conference we met ... people whom we knew well. 4. There
are very ... old houses left in our street. Most of them have
already been pulled down. 5. If you have ... spare time, look
through this book. You will find ... stories there which are
rather interesting. 6. There are ... things here which I cannot
understand. 7. Shall I bring ... more chalk? — No, thank you.
There is ... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for
our lesson. 8. He had ... English books at home, so he had to
go to the library for more books. 9. She gave him ... water to
wash his hands and face. 10. I'd like to say ... words about
my journey. 11. After the play everybody felt ... tired. 12.
Let's stay here ... longer: it is such a nice place. 13. There
were ... new words in the text, and Peter spent ... time
learning them. 14. There was ... hay in the barn, and the
children could not play there. 15. My friend isn't going to the
concert this evening because he has got ... work to do. 16.
My mother knows German ... and she can help you with the
translation of this letter. 17. He's got very ... time left. If he
doesn't hurry up, he'll miss the plane.
4 Ю. Голицынский
Степени сравнения прилагательных
99
Запомните особые случаи образования
степеней сравнения:
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ
ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
Положительная
степень
Сравнительная
степень
Превосходная
степень
old
elder
older
the eldest
the oldest
far
farther
good
bad
the farthest
better
the best
worse
the worst
Односложные и двусложные прилагательные
Положительная
степень
Сравнительная
степень
Превосходная
степень
the smallest
small
smaller
large
larger
the largesf
big
bigger
the biggesf
happy
happier
the happiest
Упражнение 126
Переведите на английский язык.
Старый, старше, самый старый, самый старший, мой
старший брат, мой старый друг, дальше, самый дальний,
самый длинный, короче, счастливый, счастливее, самый
счастливый, самый лучший, самый черный, длиннее,
хуже, лучше, теплее, ее лучший друг, ее младший сын,
его старший сын.
Упражнение 125
Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень
следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте употреблять
определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью
прилагательных.
Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white,
thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high,
weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide,
deep, brave.
Многосложные прилагательные
Положительная
степень
interesting
beautiful
Сравнительная
степень
тоге
interesting
more
beautiful
Превосходная
степень
the most ■
interesting
the most
beautiful
100
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 127
Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. а. Я знаю интересную историю.
б. Он знает более интересную историю.
в. Она знает самую интересную историю.
2. а. Это длинный путь.
б. Это более длинный путь.
в. Это самый длинный путь.
3. а. Ее работа очень важна.
б. Его работа важнее.
в. Моя работа самая важная.
4. а. Это плохая песня.
б. Это еще более плохая песня.
в. Это самая плохая песня.
5. а. Он хороший инженер.
б. Он более хороший инженер.
в. Он самый лучший инженер.
6. а. Он принес ей красивый цветок.
б. Он принес ей более красивый цветок.
в. Он принес ей самый красивый цветок.
7. а. Он рассказал нам о счастливом человеке.
б. Он рассказал нам о более счастливом чело
веке.
в. Он рассказал нам о самом счастливом чело
веке.
Упражнение 128
Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1, Я,думаю, что наш учитель английского языка был
очень терпелив. 2. Hani старый доктор был очень занят.
Наш новый доктор даже более занят. 3. Моя
учительница немецкого языка — самый
Степени сравнения прилагательных
101
энергичный человек. 4. Мы знаем, твой сосед — очень
скучный человек. 5. Я считаю, твой дедушка — самый
щедрый человек, которого я когда-либо встречал. 6.
Часы Рональда точные, но часы его тети более точные.
7. Она купила часы в Швейцарии, потому что она
считает, что швейцарские часы самые точные в мире. 8.
Тот телевизионный фильм гораздо хуже, чем
сегодняшний. 9. Какая самая смешная телевизионная
программа? 10. Это были самые счастливые дни в ее
жизни. 11. Это очень легкая задача. Дайте мне более
трудную задачу. 12. Летом дни длинные, а ночи
короткие. 13. 22 июня — самый длинный день. 14. В
июле дни короче. 15. В декабре дни самые короткие. 16.
„Четверка" — хорошая отметка, но „пятерка" лучше. 17.
„Пятерка" — самая лучшая отметка. 18. Самая плохая
отметка — „двойка". 19. Твое платье, конечно, очень
красивое, но мое платье красивее. 20. Мой папа —
высокий мужчина. 21. Это более теплое пальто.
Упражнение 129
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
прилагательного.
1. — How do you like Smucker's Sweet Orange
Marmalade, Mrs. Johnson? — I think it's (delicious). It's
much (delicious) than the marmalade I usually buy. — We
agree with you, Mrs. Johnson. We think Smucker's Sweet
Orange Marmalade is (delicious) marmalade in the world. 2.
The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England.
3. The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 4.
What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 5. The
English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibraltar. 6
Russia is a very (large) country. 7. Which is
102
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
(large): the United States or Canada? 8. What is the "name
of the (big) port in the United States? 9. Moscow is the
(large) city in Russia. 10. The London underground is the
(old) in the world. 11. There is a (great) number of cars and
buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of
Russia. 12. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in
the world.
Запомните:
as ... as — такой же... как not so
... as — не такой... как not as ...
as — не такой... как1
Степени сравнения прилагательных
103
Упражнение 131
Вставьте as ... as или so ... as.
1. Mike is ... tall ... Pete. 2. Kate is not ... nice ... Ann. 3.
My room is ... light ... this one. 4. This book is not ... thin ...
that one. 5. Sergei is ... old ... Michael. 6. She is ... young ...
Tom's brother. 7. This woman is ... good ... that one. 8.
Nick's English is not ... good ... his friend's. 9. I am not ... tall
... Pete. 10. This woman is ... young ... that one. 11. I am ...
thin ... you. 12. Kate is ... lazy ... her brother. 13. This child
is not ... small ... that one.
Упражнение 132
Упражнение 130
Переведите следующие предложения на русский
язык.
1. English is as difficult as German. 2. My composition is
not as long as yours. 3. It isn't as warm today as it was
yesterday. 4. The house his aunt lives in is as old as the one
his uncle lives in. 5. His apartment isn't as elegant as her
apartment, but it's much bigger. 6. Johnny isn't as rich as
Don but he is younger and much happier. 7. My dog isn't as
friendly as your dog. 8. You can eat as much as you like. 9.
A football match isn't as exciting as a hockey match. 10. The
hotel isn't as cheap as we expected. 11. His songs aren't as
popular as the Beatles songs. 12. Her brother is as intelligent
as his wife.
1
В современном английском языке употребляется not as ...
as. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar In Use".
a) A book for elementary students: Unit 88 — Rome is not as
old as Athens.
b) A book for intermediate students: Unit 106 — But he isn't
IIN rifh as Shirly.
Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Он не такой усталый, как она. 2. Упражнение 2
такое же трудное, как и упражнение 3. 3. Она думает,
что бокс такой же опасный вид спорта, как и борьба. 4.
Этот дом такой же высокий, как тот.
5. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вчера.
6. Ты не такой умный, как папа. 7. Индия не такая
большая, как Китай. 8. Темза такая же красивая, как
Нева. 9. Его бабушка не такая старая, как дедушка. 10.
Яблоки такие же вкусные, как сливы, но не такие
вкусные, как груши. 11. Русский музей такой же
богатый, как Эрмитаж? 12. Державин не такой
знаменитый, как Пушкин. 13. Днепр не такой длинный,
как Волга. 14. В прошлом году август был такой же
жаркий, как июль. 15. Он не такой старый, как я. 16. Она
такая же щедрая, как ее бабушка. 17. Его машина такая
же удобная (комфортабельная), как твоя. 18. Экзамен
был не таким трудным, как мы ожидали. 19. Он такой же
сильный, как его брат. 20. Этот компью-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Степени сравнения прилагательных
тер не такой дорогой, как я ожидал. 21. Ее сын такой же
вежливый, как и она. 22. Эта работа такая же
интересная, как и твоя.
much more beautiful than our street. 4. Our house isn't as big
as yours. 5. That's the funniest story I've ever heard. 6. The
tram system isn't as reliable as it used to be. 7. What is your
height? You are taller than me. 8. She felt as strong as her
brother. 9. We started earlier than you. 10. He was more
careful than I.
11. This student is the most attentive in our group.
12. I need a warmer coat. 13. He is as tired as you. 14. He
was one of the most experienced workers at the factory. 15.
Better late than never. 16. She was not so attractive as her
mother. 17. His work is not so difficult as mine. 18. He was
the eldest in the family.
19. It is easier to swim in the sea than in the river.
20. This is the smallest room in our flat.
104
Не забывайте употреблять союз than при
сравнительной степени прилагательного:
• E.g. Tom is taller than Kate.
Том выше Кати.
Упражнение 133
Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Эта работа легче той. 2. Этот роман более увлекательный, чем тот. 3. Андрей Миронов был более
талантливым актером, чем другие. 4. Эти люди более
приятные, более вежливые и более гостеприимные, чем
те. 5. Этот дом выше того. 6. Сегодня вода в реке
холоднее, чем вчера. 7. Папа умнее тебя. 8. Китай
больше Индии. 9. Его бабушка моложе дедушки. 10.
Груши вкуснее яблок. 11. Наша кошка меньше нашей
собаки. 12. Мой брат моложе меня. 13. В прошлом году
февраль был холоднее января. 14. Днепр короче Волги.
15. Эрмитаж богаче Русского музея.
Упражнение 134
Переведите следующие предложения на русский
язык.
1. The new cinema in our district is much bigger than the
old one. 2. He is one of the most dangerous criminals in the
world. 3. Nevsky Prospect is
105
Упражнение 135
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
прилагательного.
1. We should eat (healthy) food. 2. Today the streets
aren't as (clean) as they used to be. 3. It's (bad) mistake he
has ever made. 4. This man is (tall) than that one. 5. Asia is
(large) than Australia. 6. The Volga is (short) than the
Mississippi. 7. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 8.
Mary is a (good) student than Lucy. 9. The Alps are (high)
than the Urals. 10. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town.
11. She speaks Italian (good) than English. 12. Is the word
"newspaper" (long) than the word "book"? 13. The Thames
is (short) than the Volga. 14. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than
the Indian Ocean. 15. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 16.
Spanish is (easy) than German. 17. She is not so (busy) as I
am. 18. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday. 19. She is
not
106
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 20. Today the weather is
(cold) than it was yesterday. 21. This book is (interesting) of
all I have read this year. 22. January is the (cold) month of
the year. 23. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 24.
Which is the (hot) month of the year? 25. Which is the
(beautiful) place in this part of the country? 26. This goodlooking girl is the (good) student in our group.
Упражнение 136
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
прилагательного.
1. Her eyes are (grey) than mine. 2. He was the (fat) man
in the village. 3. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and
(heavy). 4. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class. 5. Who is
the (attentive) student in your group? 6. It is autumn. Every
day the air becomes (cold), the leaves (yellow). 7. This is the
(beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 8. Your
handwriting is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is
not so (good) as Nick's handwriting. Nick has a (good)
handwriting than you. And of course Nellie has the (good)
handwriting of all. 9. Oil is (light) than water. 10. We shall
wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion. 11. A bus is
(fast) than a tram. 12. Take some of these sweets: they are
very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.
13. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he
listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).
14. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term
came nearer. 15. The (tall) trees in the world grow in
California. 16. Please be (careful) next time and don't spill
the milk again. 17. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet)
than his sister.
Степени сравнения прилагательных
107
Упражнение 137
Переведите следующие предложения на английский
язык.
1. Это самая ценная картина в Русском музее. 2. Мой
компьютер не такой новый, как компьютер моего друга.
3. Наши экзамены гораздо труднее, чем ваши. 4. Здание
Московского университета самое высокое в столице. 5.
Наш город не такой большой, как Киев, но он такой же
красивый. 6. Невский проспект — одна из самых
красивых улиц Санкт-Петербурга. 7. Кто самый
младший ученик в нашей группе? — Петров. Но он
самый высокий. 8. Грамматика английского языка трудная, но английское произношение труднее. 9. Магазины
на нашей улице больше, чем магазины на вашей улице.
10. Наш телевизор такой же хороший, как этот. 11. Эта
комната светлее той. 12. Погода сегодня хуже, чем
вчера. Сегодня холоднее, и идет дождь. 13. Моя комната
не такая большая, как комната моей подруги, но она
светлее и теплее. 14. Какая из этих книг самая интересная? 15. Ноябрь — не такой холодный месяц, как
январь. 16. Мой отец — очень занятой человек. 17. Крым
— одно из самых лучших мест для отдыха. 18. Сегодня
он чувствует себя гораздо лучше.
_________ ГДЕ? _________
НА столе ______ON
On the table, on the
floor, on the sofa, on the
КУДА?
НА стол _____ ON
On the table, on the
floor, on the sofa, on the
ПРЕДЛОГИ
_________ Предлоги места и направления _________
В целях выработки беглости речи полезно
запомнить следующие словосочетания:
chair, on the windowsill, on chair, on the windowsill, on
the ground, on the grass, the ground, on the grass,
on the roof, on the bridge, on the roof, on the bridge,
on the platform, on the on the platform, on the
shelf, on the cupboard, on shelf, on the cupboard, on
the bench, on the snow, the bench, on the snow, on
on the ice, on the wall, on the ice, on the wall, on the
the blackboard, on the ta- blackboard, on the table,
ble, on the floor, on the on the floor, on the sofa,
sofa, on the chair, on the on the chair, on the winwindowsill, on the ground, dowsill, on the ground, on
on the grass, on the roof, the grass, on the roof, on
on the bridge, on the plat- the bridge, on the platform,
form, on the shelf, on the on the shelf, on the cupcupboard, on the bench, board, on the bench, on
on the snow, on the ice, the snow, on the ice, on
on the wall, on the black- the wall, on the blackboard.
board.
_________ ГДЕ?_________
В комнате
IN
In the room, in the
kitchen, in the house, in
the car, in the box, in the
cupboard, in the bag, in
the pocket, in the hall, in
the plate, in the cup, in the
glass, in the bottle, in the
snow, in the water, in the
river, in the lake, in the
sea, in the wood, in the
park, in the garden, in the
yard, in the classroom.
________ КУДА? _______
В комнату
INTO
Into the room, into the
kitchen, into the house,
into the car, into the box,
into the cupboard, into the
bag, into the pocket, into
the hall, into the plate, into
the cup, into the glass, into
the bottle, into the snow,
into the water, into the
river, into the lake, into the
sea, into the wood, into the
park, into the garden, into
the yard, into the classroom.
Упражнение 138
Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.
1. Where is the book? — It is ... the table. 2. Where is the
tea? — It is ... the cup. 3. Put the plates ... the table. 4. Put
the book ... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture ... the
wall. 6. He went ... the room. 7. I like to sit... the sofa ... my
room. 8. Mother is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. 9. She
went ... the room and sat down ... the sofa. 10. There are
many people ... the park today. 11. There is a girl standing ...
the bridge. Why is she crying? — She has dropped her doll
... the water. 12. There is no tea ... my cup. 13. Pour some tea
... my cup. 14. Put these flowers ... the windowsill. 15. I saw
many people ... the platform waiting for the train. 16. We
went... the garden and sat down ... a bench. 17. The
110
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Предлоги
teacher hung a picture ... the blackboard. 18. I opened the
door and went... the classroom. The teacher was writing
some words ... the blackboard. The pupils were writing these
words ... their exercise books. There were some books and
pens ... the teacher's table. There were two maps ... the wall
and some flowers ... the windowsills. I saw a pen ... the floor.
I picked it up and put it ... the table. 19. He put his hand ...
his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it ... the mailbox
which hung ... the wall of the house. Then he got ... his car
and drove off.
Запомните также следующие словосочетания:
ГДЕ?
У стены
КУДА?
AT
At the wall, at the door,
at the window, at the
blackboard, at the map, at
the bookcase, at the tree, at
the river.
К стене
ТО
То the wall, to the door, to
the window, to the
blackboard, to the map, to
the bookcase, to the tree, to
the river.
И следующие словосочетания:
ГДЕ?
КУДА?
ЗА столом —
ЗА стол —
AT the table
AT the table ЗА
ЗА партой —
парту —
AT the desk
AT the desk
111
Упражнение 139
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги
on, in, at, to, into.
1. Идите к доске.
2. Напишите число на доске.
3. Повесьте картину на доску.
4. Она налила в вазу воды и поставила в нее цветы.
Потом она пошла к окну и поставила вазу на
подоконник.
5. Учитель стоит у доски. Он пишет на доске
предложение. Ученики сидят за партами. Они пишут это
предложение в своих тетрадях.
6. Ник вошел в кухню и сел за стол. Мама стояла у
плиты. Она подошла к столу, поставила на стол чашку и
налила в чашку чаю.
7. Мы собрали в лесу много грибов.
8. Маша открыла дверь и вошла в дом. В доме
никого не было. Медведи были в лесу. В комнате Маша
увидела стол. Она подошла к столу. На столе она
увидела три тарелки.
9. Катя была в комнате. Она стояла у книжного
шкафа.
10. На полу лежал толстый ковер. Дети сели на ковер
и начали играть.
11. Где мальчики? — Они играют во дворе.
12. Сейчас зима. На земле лежит снег. На реке лед.
13. Она подошла к доске, взяла мел и начала писать
на доске.
14. Масло на столе. Поставь его в холодильник. А
теперь садись за стол. В этом стакане сок. Выпей его и
поставь стакан на полку.
15. Где твоя ручка? — Она в (моем) кармане.
16. Положи в карман платок.
17. Он прыгнул в реку и быстро поплыл к
острову.
Предлоги
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
112
Запомните следующие словосочетания:
ГДЕ?
At the theatre, at the
cinema, at the museum, at
the swimming pool, at the
library, at the shop, at the
university, at the port, at the
railway station, at the
concert, at the exhibition, at
the stadium, at the stop, at
1
the factory, at work , at
1
school , at the lesson.
КУДА?
To the theatre, to the
cinema, to the museum, to
the swimming pool, to the
library, to the shop, to the
university, to the port, to the
railway station, to the
concert, to the exhibition, to
the stadium, to the stop, to
1
the factory, to work , to
1
school , to the lesson.
Упражнение 140
Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания, употребляя предлоги in или at.
В кухне, в порту, в плавательном бассейне, в парке, в
лесу, в театре, в саду, в библиотеке, в реке, в магазине, в
стакане, в комнате, в кино, в снегу, в школе, в классе, в
доме, в чашке, в музее, в университете.
Упражнение 141
Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания, употребляя предлоги on или at.
На полке, на подоконнике, на скамейке, на заводе, на
стене, на вокзале, на платформе, на полу, на крыше, на
выставке, на остановке, на земле, на концерте, на доске,
на уроке, на мосту, на стадионе, на снегу, на траве, на
работе.
1
Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля в этих словосочетаниях.
113
Упражнение 142
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги
at, on, in, to, into.
1. Где Коля? — Он в университете. 2. Папа ходит на
работу каждый день. 3. Вчера папа был на работе, а мама
была дома. 4. Вчера я ходил в библиотеку. В библиотеке
я взял очень интересную книгу. 5. Катя сидела за столом.
На столе лежали книги и тетради. Папа подошел к столу
и поставил на стол вазу. В вазу он поставил цветы. 6.
Вчера мы ходили на выставку. На выставке мы видели
много картин. 7. Где Том? — Он на стадионе. Он всегда
ходит на стадион в воскресенье. А его сестра ходит в
плавательный бассейн. Сейчас она в бассейне. 8. Ты
любишь ходить в театр? 9. Когда мы пришли на вокзал,
мы поставили свои вещи на платформу и сели на
скамейку. Мама пошла в магазин и купила лимонаду. 10.
Вчера на уроке учитель сказал мне: „На доске две
ошибки. Иди к доске и исправь ошибки". 11. Вы были
вчера на концерте? — Нет, мы работали в библиотеке, а
потом мы пошли в парк. В парке мы играли, а потом
сидели на траве. 12. Положи книгу в портфель и иди к
доске. 13. Сегодня во дворе, много ребят.
Обратите внимание на разницу в значении в зависимости от употребления предлогов to и into со
словами wood, park, garden, yard, etc.:
пошел, ХОДИЛ в лес, парк и
т. д. went TO
вошел в парк, лес и т. д.
went INTO
(преодолел какое-то
расстояние прежде,
чем дошел)
(был рядом и вошел
внутрь)
Предлоги
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
114
Упражнение 143
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги
to или into.
1. Я пошел в сад. 2. Я вошел в сад. 3. Мы пошли в
лес. 4. Мы вошли в лес. 5. Идите в класс. 6. Войдите в
класс. 7. Иди в парк. 8. Войди в парк. 9. Она пошла в
кухню. 10. Она вошла в кухню. 11. Не ходите в магазин.
12. Не входите в магазин. 13. Она побежала во двор. 14.
Она вбежала во двор.
115
not go ... work and I don't go ... school. We live ... the
country. My father goes ... work every day, so he stays ...
town. But sometimes he comes ... the country after work and
goes back ... town early in the morning, when I am still ...
bed.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
ГДЕ?
КУДА?
на севере — in the north на на север — to the north на
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:
ГДЕ?
КУДА?
1
в постели — in bed в
1
городе — in town за
городом — in the
country
1
в постель — to bed в
1
город — to town за
город —
to the country
юге —in the south на
юг — to the south на
востоке — in the east на
восток — to the east на
западе — in the west
запад — to the west
Упражнение 145
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги
on, in, at, to, into.
Упражнение 144
Вставьте предлоги in или to.
1. In winter I usually go ... bed at ten o'clock because I
go... school and have to get up early. But in summer, when I
don't go ... school and live ... the country, I like to go ... bed
late. 2. Do you like to read ... bed? 3. We did not want to
stay ... town on such a hot day, so we went ... the country. 4.
It is very late. Go ... bed at once. 5. Where is your little
sister? — She is ... bed. Mother always puts her ... bed at
eight o'clock. 6. In summer my mother does
1
Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля в этих словосочетаниях.
1. Летом они всегда ездят на юг. 2. Мой папа
работает на заводе, а мама в библиотеке. Мой старший
брат учится в университете, а я учусь в школе. Утром
папа идет на завод, мама идет в библиотеку, мой брат
идет в университет, а я иду в школу. Наша бабушка
обычно ходит в магазин утром. В магазине она покупает
продукты. 3. Мой друг живет на севере. 4. Мы провели
лето на юге. 5. В городе было очень жарко, и мы решили
поехать за город. После завтрака мы поехали на вокзал.
На вокзале было много народу. Люди стояли на
платформе и ждали поезда. За городом было чудесно.
Сначала мы пошли в лес. Было жарко, но, когда мы
вошли в лес, стало прохладно. Потом мы подошли к
реке. Мы плавали в реке, а бабушка
116
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
сидела у реки на траве. Вечером мы поехали в город. 6.
Владивосток расположен на Дальнем Востоке. 7. Вчера
мы были в театре. 8. Позавчера мы были в парке. 9.
Завтра мы пойдем в кино или в музей. 10. Где твой брат?
— Он в комнате, стоит у окна. 11. Где твоя сестра? —
Она в школе. 12. Где ребенок? — Он в постели. Мама
уложила его в постель полчаса назад. 13. Где твой папа?
— Он на работе. 14. Где твой дедушка? — Он в парке.
15. Где Коля? — Он на стадионе.
Предлоги времени: AT
в пять часов — at five o'clock
в полдень — at noon
в полночь — at midnight
на восходе солнца — at sunrise
на закате — at sunset
Упражнение 146
Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.
В четыре часа, в половине шестого, без четверти три,
на закате, в четверть пятого, в полночь, в пять минут
шестого, без десяти два, в полдень, на восходе солнца, в
двадцать пять третьего.
Предлоги
117
Упражнение 147
Вставьте предлоги at или on.
1. I get up ... seven o'clock or ... a quarter past seven. 2. ...
Sunday I usually get up ... nine o'clock or ... half past nine.
But last Sunday I slept very long and got up only ... noon. 3.
My birthday is ... the ninth of July. 4. The school year begins
... the first of September. 5. ... the twenty-fifth of December
people celebrate Christmas. 6. ... Wednesday I usually have
a lot of homework. 7. Lev Tolstoy liked to get up ... sunrise.
8. Our lessons are usually over ... twenty minutes to two. 9.
They returned from the wood ... sunset. 10. I began writing
my composition ... seven o'clock and finished only ...
midnight.
Предлоги времени: IN
в 1997 году — in 1997
в марте — in March
Ho: в этом году — J_ this year
в прошлом году — s_ last year
в будущем году — S_ next year
А также: в этом месяце — S_ this month
в прошлом месяце — S_ last month
в будущем месяце — S_ next month
А также: на этой неделе — £ this week
на прошлой неделе — Ц last week
на будущей неделе — S_ next week
Упражнение 148
Предлоги времени: ON
в воскресенье — on Sunday пятого
марта — on the 5th of March
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги
at, on, in, to.
В прошлом месяце моя тетя не ходила на работу. Она
вставала в десять часов и ложилась спать
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Предлоги
в полночь. Она часто ходила в театр и в кино. Но в
этом месяце она встает на восходе солнца, потому
что она опять ходит на работу. Она работает в
нашем университете. Учебный год в университете
начинается в сентябре, а кончается в мае. В январе
и в июне студенты сдают экзамены. Тетя ходит в
университет во вторник, в среду, в четверг и в
субботу. В понедельник она всегда работает в библиотеке. В пятницу она обычно ездит за город. Она
встает в семь часов и едет на вокзал. За городом она
проводит целый день и возвращается в город на
закате. На будущей неделе моя тетя поедет в
Лондон, а в будущем году — в Нью-Йорк.
в море. В полдень мы обедали и отдыхали. Вечером
мы ходили в парк. На закате мы часто ходили к
морю и возвращались домой в половине
одиннадцатого или в одиннадцать. 8. В будущем
году мы поедем на Дальний Восток. 9. На будущей
неделе я пойду в театр. 10. Диккенс родился в 1812
году.
Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания
с предлогом in.
Предлоги времени: SINCE
118
весной — in spring
летом — in summer
осенью — in autumn
зимой — in winter
утром — in the morning
днем — in the afternoon
вечером — in the evening
Но: ночью — at night
Упражнение 149
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Четвертого июня мы поедем за город. 2. Я люблю ходить в парк осенью. 3. На этой неделе мы
будем встречать наших друзей в аэропорту. Самолет прибывает в семь часов вечера. Я думаю, что
мы ляжем спать только в полночь. 4. Прошлой
зимой он часто ходил на каток в воскресенье. 5. На
прошлой неделе мы ходили в Русский музей. 6.
Летом солнце встает рано утром, а садится поздно
вечером. 7. Прошлым летом мы ездили на юг. Когда
мы были на юге, мы ходили к морю каждый день.
Мы вставали на рассвете и купались
119
Предлоги времени: BY
к пяти часам — by 5 o'clock
к 2010 году — by 2010
к завтрашнему дню — by tomorrow
с прошлого года — s/лсе last year
с весны — s/лсе spring
с 1998 года — since 1998
с утра — since morning
с трех часов — since 3 o'clock
Упражнение 150
Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания.
В пять часов, к пяти часам, с пяти часов, в полдень, к полудню, с полудня, с полуночи, к полуночи, в полночь, с прошлого года, в прошлом году,
в этом году, к 2005 году, к двадцатому февраля,
двадцатого февраля, с утра, к ночи, ночью, к первому ноября, в ноябре, с лета, во вторник, к пятнице, в половине третьего, к завтрашнему дню, на
восходе солнца, к весне, весной, прошлой весной, с
прошлой весны, к зиме, в будущем году, к будущему году, со вчерашнего дня.
120
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Обратите внимание на употребление Present
Perfect в отрицательных предложениях с
предлогом since:
I haven't been to the Hermitage since winter.
Упражнение 151
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Я не слышал эту песню с прошлой зимы. 2.
Она не была в театре с прошлого месяца. 3. Мы не
разговаривали об этом с прошлой недели. 4. Ты не
подходила к роялю с понедельника. 5. Сейчас уже
вечер, а ты с трех часов ничего не сделал. 6. Мы не
были в Москве с 1999 года. 7. Он не писал нам с
прошлого года. 8. Я не видел его со вчерашнего
дня. 9. Она не ела с самого утра. 10. Мы не играли в
футбол с лета.
Запомните:
через час — in an hour
через год — in a year
через два дня — in two days
через несколько минут — in a few minutes
Упражнение 152
Переведите на английский язык.
1. В прошлое воскресенье мы встали на рассвете
и к семи часам были готовы идти. В десять минут
восьмого мы отправились. Мы пошли на автобусную остановку. На остановке было мало народу:
в воскресенье люди не любят вставать на рассвете.
Автобус подошел к остановке через десять
Предлоги
121
минут. Мы поехали на вокзал. Через полчаса мы
были на вокзале. На платформе мы встретили своих
друзей. Через час мы были уже за городом. Мы
пошли в лес. Было жарко, но когда мы вошли в лес,
стало прохладно. Мы провели за городом весь день
и вернулись в город на закате. 2. Он придет через
час. 3. Подождите, пожалуйста, я вернусь через
несколько минут. 4. Мы окончим школу через
несколько лет. 5. Через два или три года все
изменится. 6. Я не был в Эстонии с 1997 года.
Будущим летом я поеду туда. Я проведу там все
лето и вернусь в Санкт-Петербург к первому сентября.
Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения
Обратите внимание на соответствие некоторых
предложных оборотов русским падежным формам:
of — родительный
•the leg of the table — ножка стола
to — дательный
•explain to me — объясните мне
Упражнение 153
Вставьте предлоги to или of.
1. The young scientist was trying to prove ... the
professor the necessity ... the experiment. 2. London is
the capital ... Great Britain. 3. The embankments ... the
Neva are faced with granite. 4. It is clear ... me that you
don't know your lesson. 5. He was devoted ... his friend.
6.1 explained ... the teacher that by the end ... the leseon
I had not finished
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Предлоги
the translation ... the text and that's why I had not
handed it ... him. The surprise ... the teacher was great.
My explanation seemed strange ... the teacher. 7. He
bought a book ... English poems and gave it ... his
sister. 8. I wrote ... him asking to send me a box ...
chocolates. 9. The roof ... the house is very old. 10.
There is a monument ... Pushkin in Arts Square.
11.Would you like to try a piece ... lemon pie? 12. He
was standing outside the door ... his house and
explaining ... the mechanic what was wrong with his
car. 13. He gave her a big bunch ... beautiful flowers.
14. I sent a letter ... my friend.
15. The streets ... St. Petersburg are straight.
16. Many pages ... this book are torn.
... a knife. 13. He was killed ... the robbers. 14. He was
knocked down ... a big stick. 15. He was knocked down
... a car.
122
Сочетания существительных с предлогами with и by
соответствуют русскому творительному падежу.
Не путайте употребление этих предлогов:
with обозначает орудие (чем произведено действие)
by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил действие)
• with a knife — ножом
• by my brother — братом
Упражнение 154
Вставьте предлоги with или by.
1. Не was taken to hospital ... an ambulance. 2. He
was treated ... very effective drugs. 3. He was cured ... a
very skilful doctor. 4. He wrote his letter ... a pencil. 5.
He was scolded ... his mother. 6. The boy cut his finger
... a knife. 7. The boat was carried ... the waves into the
open sea. 8. The teacher was pleased ... our work. 9.
America was discovered ... Columbus. 10. "Hamlet"
was written ... Shakespeare. 11. We eat soup ... a spoon.
12. He was killed
123
Запомните употребление предлогов со
следующими глаголами и выражениями:
They waited for me. — Они ждали меня. They looked at
me. — Они смотрели на меня. They spoke to me. — Они
говорили со мной. They listened to me. — Они слушали
меня. They laughed at me. — Они смеялись надо мной.
They complained of illnesses. — Они жаловались на
болезни. They
2
complained about me. — Они жаловались на меня They
were afraid of me. — Они боялись меня. They answered s
my question. — Они ответили на
мой вопрос. They
entered s the room. — Они вошли в комнату. They turned
^ the corner. — Они повернули за угол.
Упражнение 155
Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.
1. We tried to speak ... him, but he did not want to
listen ... us. He did not even look ... us and did not
answer ... our questions. 2. Your brother complains ...
you. He says you always laugh ... him, never speak ...
him and never answer ... his questions. 3. When I
entered ... the room, everybody looked ...
1. Complain p_f употребляется при жалобах на боли или болезни.
2. Complain about — в остальных случаях. См. Longman
Dictionary of English Language and Culture, p. 256:1) He went to
the doctor complaining of difficulty in breathing. 2) They
complained bitterly about the injustice of the system.
124
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
me with surprise: they had not expected ... me. 4. At the
end ... the street she turned ... the corner, walked ... the
bus stop and began waiting ... the bus. 5. My mother is
afraid ... rats. 6. "What do you complain ...?" asked the
doctor. 7. Don't enter ... the room. 8. What are you
laughing ... ? 9. They did not want to listen ... me. 10.
Wait... me. I'll be back ... a few minutes. 11. Yesterday
the teacher spoke ... us about the architecture ... St.
Petersburg. 12. My grandmother often complains ...
headache. 13. I am sorry, I cannot speak ... you now, the
professor is waiting ... me. I must go ... the institute and
explain ... him some details ... our work. Come ... the
evening, I shall listen ... you very attentively and answer
... all your questions. 14. Turn ... the corner ... the house
and look ... the flowers grown ... my mother: aren't they
beautiful? 15. He was an excellent pupil, and the
teachers never complained ... him. 16. She complained
... feeling bad and could not answer ... the questions ...
the teacher. 17. ... nine o'clock the lecturer entered ...
the hall, walked up ... the table, put his bag ... it, looked
... everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all
the lectures ... this professor, was very interesting, and
the students listened ... him with great attention.
Обратите
внимание на
го предлога через: способы
перевода русско-
через час — in an hour
через дорогу — across the road
через поле - - across the field
через лес — through the wood
через реку (вброд, вплавь, на лодке) —
across the river
—
the river
через реку (по мосту, по воздуху)
over
через забор — over the fence
Предлоги
125
Обратите внимание на способы перевода русского предлога по:
по улице - along (down) the street
— — down (up) the river
по реке
по морю across the sea
— - — about the town
по городу
по комнат — about the room
е
— along the corridor
по коридору
по стране — about the country
-
Упражнение 156
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода предлогов через и по.
1. Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за
угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комнату.
2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали
бабушку. 3. Он смотрел на лодки, плывущие по
реке. 4. В прошлом году мы путешествовали по
Европе. 5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица
прохожих. 6. Собака подбежала к реке, прыгнула в
воду, переплыла реку и вбежала в лес. 7. Он
перешел дорогу и вошел в кафе. 8. Она ходила по
комнате. 9. Они плавали по южным морям. 10. Иди
по этой дорожке через поле и через лес, и через дватри часа ты подойдешь к реке. 11. Они гуляли по
городу с рассвета до заката, говорили со многими
людьми, смотрели на прекрасные дворцы и
памятники. Вечером они вернулись в гостиницу
усталые, но довольные. 12. Том Сойер перепрыгнул
через забор и побежал по улице. Через несколько
секунд он повернул за угол и исчез.
Употребление времен
127
Упражнение 157
Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ
ВРЕМЕН
Спряжение глагола to be (быть)
в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)
1 am
1 am not
He is
She is
It is
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are
We are not
You are
They are
You are not
They are not
Am 1?
Yes, 1 am.
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
No, 1 am not.
No, he isn't.
No, she isn't.
No, it isn't.
Yes, we are.
No, we aren't.
Yes, you are
Yes, they are.
No, you aren't.
No, they aren't.
1. What ... your name? — My name ... Shirley Frank. 2.
What ... your address? — My address ... 175 Grand Central
Parkway. 3. What... your phone number? — My phone
number ... 718-1930.
4. Where ... you from? — I ... from New York.
5. I ... a pupil. 6. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist.
7. ... your aunt a doctor? — Yes, she .... 8. ... they at home?
— No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 9. My brother ...
a worker. He ... at work. 10. ... you an engineer? — Yes, I ...
. 11. ... your sister a typist? — No, she ... not a typist, she ...
a student. 12. ... your brother at school? — Yes, he ... . 13. ...
your sister at school? — No, she ... not at school. 14. My
sister ... at home. 15. ... this your watch? — Yes, it ... . 16.
She ... an actress. 17. This ... my bag. 18. My uncle ... an
office worker. 19. He ... at work. 20. Helen ... a painter. She
has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much
paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall.
Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His
family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.
Упражнение 158
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to
be в Present Simple.
1. Как тебя зовут? — Меня зовут Аня. 2. Какой твой
адрес? — Мой адрес: Оксфорд Стрит, 45. 3. Откуда ты
родом? (... приехала?) — Я из Лондона. 4. Кто он (на
фотографии)? — Это мой отец. 5. Как его зовут? — Его
зовут Джон. 6. Где он? — Он в Лондоне. 7. Я Лена, а это
Коля. Он мой
128
Употребление времен
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
брат. Ему 10 лет, а мне 12 лет. Мы из Петербурга. 8. Я
ученик. Я в школе. 9. Мой брат — художник. Он не
инженер. 10. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. 11. Он
студент. 12. Вы студент? — Нет, я врач. 13. Моя сестра
дома. 14. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. 15. Мой брат —
ученик. Он в школе. 16. Ваша мама дома? — Нет, она на
работе. 17. Ваш двоюродный брат дома? — Нет, он в
школе. Он ученик. 18. Ваша сестра — учительница? —
Нет, она студентка. 19. Твой папа на работе? — Нет, он
дома. 20. Твоя сестра — машинистка? — Да. — Она
дома? — Нет, она на работе. 21. Мой дедушка —
ученый. 22. Моя мама — не учительница. Она врач.
Упражнение 159
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to
be в Present Simple.
1. Меня зовут Катя. 2. Мне 14 лет. 3. Я русская. Я из
Санкт-Петербурга. 4. Я ученица. 5. Мой любимый вид
спорта — теннис. 6. Я интересуюсь музыкой. 7. Мой
любимый предмет — английский язык. 8. Мой папа —
программист. Он не интересуется политикой. 9. Моя
мама — зубной врач. Она интересуется искусством. 10.
Мы всегда заняты, но мы очень счастливы быть вместе.
11. Чья это ручка? — Это моя ручка. 12. Чья это книга?
— Это ваша книга. 13. Чей это стол? — Это стол моего
брата. 14. Чья это сумка? — Это сумка моей мамы. 15.
Чей это карандаш? — Это карандаш моей сестры. 16.
Это твоя тетрадь? — Да. 17. Это тетрадь твоего брата?
— Нет, это моя тетрадь. 18. Где ваш стол? — Он
посередине комнаты. 19. Где твоя ручка? — Она в моем
кармане. 20. Где твоя тетрадь? — Она на
129
столе. 21. Где твоя мама? — Она на работе. 22. Где твой
брат? — Он в школе. 23. Где твоя сестра? — Она дома.
24. Чей это карандаш? — Это мой карандаш. — А где
мой карандаш? — Он на столе. 25. Чьи это часы? — Это
мои часы. — А где мои часы? — Они на столе.
Упражнение 160
Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
1. Where ... you? — I... in the kitchen. 2. Where ... Fred?
— He ... in the garage. 3. Where ... Lisa and John? — They ..
at college. 4. ... you busy? — No, I... not. Mike ... busy. He
... the busiest person I've ever met. 5. It... ten o'clock. She ...
late again. 6. How ... you? — I ... not very well today. — I ...
sorry to hear that. 7. We ... interested in classical music. 8.
Vera ... afraid of snakes. 9. My grandmother ... not nervous
and she ... rarely upset. She ... the kindest person I've ever
seen. My grandmother ... really wonderful. 10. I ... sorry.
They ... not at the office at the moment. 11. Where ... the
keys? — In your jacket. 12. What... the time, please? — Two
o'clock. 13. It ... the biggest meal I've ever had. 14. Which
sport do you think ... the most dangerous? 15. Chess and
aerobics ... not as exciting as skydiving and figure skating.
16. Debt... the worst kind of poverty. 17. The game ... not
worth the candle. 18. Do you have any idea where he ... ? 19.
Used cars ... cheaper but less reliable than new cars.
20. What ... the weather forecast for tomorrow?
21. Art ... long, life ... short. 22. You ... the best friend I've
ever had. 23. I don't remember what his telephone number
.... 24. Two heads ... better than one. 25. You ... right. That ...
a lot of money! Coffee ... very expensive this week.
5 Ю. Голицынский
130
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Спряжение глагола to be (быть) в Past
Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)
1 was He
was She
was It was
We were
You were
They were
Was 1? Was
he? Was
she? Was it?
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?
1 was not He
was not She
was not It was
not
We were not
You were not
They were not
Yes, 1 was. Yes,
he was. Yes, she
was. Yes, it was.
Yes, we were.
Yes, you were.
Yes, they were.
No, 1 wasn't. No,
he wasn't. No, she
wasn't. No, it
wasn't.
No, we weren't.
No, you weren't.
No, they weren't.
Упражнение 161
Вставьте глагол to fee в Past Simple.
My aunt ... very depressed last Sunday. The weather ...
terrible. It ... cold and rainy. Her husband ... not at home. He
... at hospital because he ... sick. Her children ... not at
school. They ... not in the yard, they ... in the living room.
The TV ... broken. The children ... not only upset, they ...
very angry. The neighbours ... not happy because her children ... too noisy.
The house ... not clean. The sink ... broken. There ... dirty
dishes on the kitchen table and in the sink. There ... nothing
in the fridge. There ... no vegetables for dinner, there ... no
juice for her children. There ... not even bread in the house!
She ... tired and hungry. She ... just exhausted.
Употребление времен
131
Упражнение 162
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to
fee в Present Simple или Past Simple.
1. Погода была прекрасная. Было тепло и солнечно.
Мои дети были в школе, а мой муж был на работе. Я
была в саду. Там было много красивых цветов. Это было
в мае. Я была счастлива. 2. Я ученик. 3. Он летчик. 4.
Она доктор. 5. Мы школьники. 6. Вы рабочие. 7. Ты
рабочий. 8. Они ученики. 9. Я дома. 10. Он в школе. 11.
Она в кино? 12. Мы в парке. 13. Они в театре? 14. Она
молодая? 15. Он старый. 16. Она не старая. 17. Они
сильные. 18. Она больна. 19. Вы больны? 20. Он болен?
21. Я не болен. 22. Я был болен вчера. 23. Она не была
больна. 24. Мы были в кино.
Спряжение глагола to be (быть) в Future Simple
Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)
1 shall be He
will be She
will be It will
be
We shall be
You will be
They will be
Shall 1 be?
Will he be?
Will she be?
Will it be?
Shall we be?
Will you be?
Will they be?
1 shall not be He
will not be She
will not be It will
not be
We shall not be
You will not be
They will not be
Yes, 1 shall.
Yes, he will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, we shall.
Yes, you will.
Yes, they will.
No, 1 shan't. No,
he won't. No,
she won't. No, it
won't.
No, we shan't.
No, you won't.
No, they won't.
132
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 163
Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple
или Future Simple.
1. The students ... in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month
they ... in the Hermitage. There ... an interesting exhibition
there. 3. In two weeks they ... in the Tretyakov Gallery. They
... lucky. 4. My father ... a teacher. 5. He ... a pupil twenty
years ago. 6. I ... a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister ... not
... at home tomorrow. 8. She ... at school tomorrow. 9. ... you
... at home tomorrow? 10. ... your father at work yesterday?
11. My sister ... ill last week. 12. She ... not ill now. 13.
Yesterday we ... at the theatre. 14. Where ... your mother
now? — She ... in the kitchen. 15. Where ... you yesterday?
— I ... at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all
my family ... at home. 17. ... your little sister in bed now? —
Yes, she .... 18. ... you ... at school tomorrow? — Yes, I ... .
19. When my granny ... young, she ... an actress. 20. My
friend ... in Moscow now. 21. He ... in St. Petersburg
tomorrow. 22. Where ... your books now? — They ... in my
bag.
Упражнение 164
Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple
или Future Simple.
Ronald Frank ... a managing director of the First Bank of
Kings ville on Main Street. He ... always on a business trip.
Yesterday he ... in Geneva. Tomorrow he ... in London. Last
week he ... in Chicago. Next week he ... in New Orleans. At
the moment he ... in Amsterdam. In two hours he ... in the
Hague.
Употребление времен
133
Three days ago he ... in Paris. At the end of his trip he ...
usually very tired but happy. He ... with his family now. His
sons ... so much excited. They have got new toys from their
father. Everybody in the family ... very glad to see him at
home again.
Упражнение 165
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to
be в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Вчера они были в библиотеке. 2. Сейчас они в
школе. 3. Завтра они будут в театре. 4. В данный момент
его здесь нет. 5. В воскресенье он будет на концерте. 6.
В прошлую субботу он был на стадионе. 7. Мой брат
сейчас в школе. 8. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 9. Мой
брат будет завтра дома. 10. Ты будешь дома завтра? 11.
Она была вчера в парке? 12. Он сейчас во дворе? 13. Где
папа? 14. Где вы были вчера? 15. Где он будет завтра?
16. Мои книги были на столе. Где они сейчас?
17. Моя мама вчера не была на работе. Она была дома.
18. Мой друг не в парке. Он в школе. 19. Завтра в три
часа Коля и Миша будут во дворе. 20. Мы не были на
юге прошлым летом. Мы были в Москве. 21. Завтра мой
дедушка будет в деревне. 22. Когда твоя сестра будет
дома? 23. Ты будешь летчиком? — Нет, я буду моряком.
24. Моя сестра была студенткой в прошлом году, а
сейчас она врач. — Ты тоже будешь врачом? — Нет, я
не буду врачом. Я буду инженером. 25. Они не были в
кино. 26. Они не в школе. 27. Они дома. 28. Вы были в
парке вчера? 29. Он был в школе вчера? 30. Он был
рабочим. 31. Она была учительницей.
134
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Спряжение глагола to work (работать)
в Present Continuous Tense
(Present Progressive Tense)
(действие в процессе, совершается в тот момент, когда
о нем говорят)
1 am working
1 am not working
Не is working
She is working
It is working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are working
You are working
They are working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
Am 1 working?
Yes, 1 am.
No, 1 am not.
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
No, he isn't.
No, she isn't.
No, it isn't.
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, we aren't.
No, you aren't.
No, they aren't.
Упражнение 166
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous.
(NOW) 1. Timothy (to feed) his dog. 2. Mr. Jones (to
clean) his yard. 3. Nancy (to paint) her kitchen. 4. Our
neighbours (to wash) their car. 5. I (to wash) my hair. 6.
Who (to fix) your sink? 7. What she (to do) now? — She (to
dance). 8. The children (to brush) their teeth. 9. What he (do)
at the moment? — He (to fix) his bicycle. 10. They (to have)
a big dinner together. 11. The boys (to run) about in the
garden.
Употребление времен
135
12. I (to do) my homework. 13. John and his friends (to go)
to the library. 14. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study)
geography. 15. A young man (to stand) at the window. He
(to smoke) a cigarette. 16. The old man (to walk) about the
room. 17. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 18. You (to have) a
break? 19. What language you (to study)? 20. Who (to lie)
on the sofa? 21. What they (to talk) about? 22. It still (to
rain). 23. I (to open) an umbrella. 24. John (to play)
computer games.
Упражнение 167
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous.
(NOW) It (not to rain) any more, it (to clear) up and the
sun (to shine). The jazz band (to play) in the park. A lot of
people (to listen) to the music and they really (to have) a
good time. But they (not to dance) yet. There is a coffee
shop there. Only seven people (to sit) there, and only five
people (to wait) in the queue. Some people (to have)
sandwiches and (to drink) coffee, tea or fruit juices. Boys
and girls over there (to laugh) and (to make) a lot of noise.
They (to play) games and Tom (to take) pictures. So what (to
go) on?
Упражнение 168
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Continuous.
(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не
работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша
играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на рояле.
136
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11.
Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за
столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся.
16. Они играют во дворе? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18.
Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя
сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу.
22. Вы идете в школу? 23. Он работает? 24. Твоя
бабушка идет в магазин? 25. Он покупает конфеты. 26.
Что делает твоя сестра? 27. Где играют дети? 28. Почему
ты смеешься? 29. Куда они идут? 30. Что несут эти
мальчики? 31. Я сижу в парке на скамейке и кормлю
птиц. 32. Мама сидит на диване в гостиной и смотрит
телевизор. 33. Это фотография моих друзей. Том играет
на гитаре, а Джейн поет. 34. А здесь они танцуют на
моем дне рождения.
Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в
Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)
(действие совершается обычно)
1 work He
works She
works It
works
We work
You work
They work
Do 1 work? Does
he work? Does
she work? Does it
work?
Do we work? Do
you work? Do
they work?
1 do not work He
does not work She
does not work It
does not work
We do not work You
do not work They do
not work
Yes, 1 do. Yes,
he does. Yes,
she does. Yes,
it does.
Yes, we do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, they do.
No, 1 don't. No,
he doesn't. No,
she doesn't. No,
it doesn't.
No, we don't. No,
you don't. No,
they don't.
Употребление времен
137
Упражнение 169
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. My working day (to begin) at seven
o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my
morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half
past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave)
home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My
mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock.
In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to
watch) TV and (to talk).
2. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 3. She (to be) a
schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 4. Jane (to
be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every
day. 5. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and
a cup of tea. 6. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 7. It (to
take) him two hours to do his homework. 8. She (to speak)
French well.
Упражнение 170
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. Andrea Schatzmann, an exchange student
from Switzerland, (to live) with the Connor family in San
Francisco. She (to get) up at 7 am and (to take) a shower.
She normally (not to have) breakfast. At half past seven she
(to catch) the bus. Her first class (to start) at a quarter past
eight. She always (to have) lunch at 12 o'clock in the
cafeteria. The cafeteria food (to be) OK and it (to be) cheap
too. Her afternoon classes (to be) from 1.15 till 3.00 pm, so
she (to be) at school all day. She usually (to have) dinner
with the Connors at about 8.00. On Sat-
138
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
urdays she (to have) lunch at the restaurant. Once a week,
usually on Sunday mornings, she (to go) swimming. A few
friends usually (to go) along, too. One of her friends has got
a car, so he (to pick) them up and then he (to drive) them
home. After swimming they often (to go) out for a pizza. On
Saturday evenings she sometimes (to go) out with friends to
a party or maybe to a concert. Sometimes she (to invite)
friends to her house and they (to listen) to music and (to
talk). Mr. and Mrs. Connor often (to take) them for a
camping weekend to the seaside or to the mountains. From
time to time she (to call) her family in Switzerland. They
never (to talk) for very long because it (to be) expensive. She
usually (to call) on Sundays because it (to be) cheaper then.
2. What time Andrea usually (to get) up? 3. When she (to
catch) the bus? 4. She (to take) a shower in the morning? 5.
She (to go) home for lunch? 6. When she (to go) swimming?
7. How she (to get) to the pool? 8. What she (to do) on
Saturday evenings?
Упражнение 171
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple.
(ОБЫЧНО) 1. Я работаю. 2. Мы работаем. 3. Они не
работают. 4. Вы работаете? — Да. 5. Он работает? —
Нет. Он учится. 6. Мой брат не учится. Он работает. 7.
Ты носишь очки? 8. Вы помогаете людям? 9. Он любит
читать сказки? 10. Она любит играть на скрипке? 11.
Моя сестра не читает книг. 12. Наша бабушка любит
спать на диване. 13. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле? 14.
Мы едим и пьем в кухне. 15. Мой брат не любит читать
газеты. 16. Мы спим в спальне. 17. Мой брат спит на
диване в жилой комнате. 18. Моя сестра оде-
Употребление времен
139
вается перед зеркалом. 19. Мой дядя пишет книги. 20.
Мы пишем упражнения в школе. 21. Я трачу свои
карманные деньги на мороженое. 22. Он читает все
время и не любит смотреть телевизор.
Упражнение 172
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple.
1. Где ты живешь? — Я живу в Москве. 2. Когда у
тебя каникулы? — В январе. 3. Что тебе больше всего
нравится в школе? 4. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он
врач. Он встает в двадцать минут восьмого. Он работает
утром и днем. Вечером он не работает. Вечером он
отдыхает. 5. Твоя сестра говорит по-французски? — Нет.
Она говорит по-немецки, а ее муж говорит поанглийски. 6. Когда вы встаете? — Я встаю без четверти
семь. 7. Когда встает твой брат? — Он встает без двадцати восемь. — А твоя сестра тоже встает без двадцати
восемь? — Нет. Мой брат ходит в школу, а моя сестра не
ходит в школу. Она еще не ученица. Она встает в девять
часов. 8. Он не моет руки перед едой. 9. Этот мальчик
свистит в классе. 10. Он не играет ни на каком
музыкальном инструменте. 11. Но мальчик играет в
футбол и любит смотреть мультипликационные фильмы.
12. Он любит школьные каникулы, особенно летние. 13.
День рождения у мальчика 31 декабря. 14. Поэтому он
получает много подарков.
Упражнение 173
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple.
Мой дядя — инженер. Он очень занят. Его рабочий
день начинается рано утром. Он встает в
140
Употребление времен
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтракает. После
завтрака он идет на работу. Он работает в институте. Он
любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена — врач. Она
работает в больнице. Вечером она изучает французский
язык. Она посещает курсы французского языка. Мой
дядя не говорит по-французски. Он говорит по-русски и
по-немецки. Он изучает английский язык. Вечером он
посещает курсы английского языка. Сын моего дяди —
ученик. Он ходит в школу. В школе он изучает
английский язык.
10.
Сравните употребление Present
Continuous и Present Simple
14.
15.
Упражнение 174
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to take) my sister
I (to take) her to school to
school now.
every day.
2. He (to help) his
He (to help) his father
father now.
very often.
3. At the moment they They usually (to go) to (to go) to
the river
the river for a swim. for
a swim.
4 She (to play) the
She (to play) the violin
every day.
. violin now.
5 I (to read) now.
I (to read) every day.
.6 He (to sleep) now.
He (to sleep) every
night.
.
7 We (to drink) tea
We (to drink) tea every
. now.
morning.
They (to go) to school
every morning. I (not to
sleep) in the
daytime. She (not to drink)
coffee
She (not to drink)
after lunch. We (not to
coffee now.
watch)
TV in
We (not to watch) TV
the
morning.
They (not to
now.
eat)
at
the
They (not to eat) now.
lesson. My mother (not to
My mother (not to
work)
work) now.
at an office. You (to work)
You (to work) now?
every day? He (to play) in
He (to play) now?
the afternoon? They (to eat)
at school? Your sister (to
They (to eat) now?
rest) after
Your sister (to rest)
school? What you (to do)
now?
every
What you (to do) now?
morning? What you (to
What you (to read)
read) after
now?
dinner? What they (to eat)
What they (to eat) now?
for
What your brother (to
breakfast? What your
drink) now?
brother (to
Everybody (to have) a
drink) in the evening?
good time now?
Everybody (to have)
a good time every
She (to take) medicine
Saturday?
How often she
now?
(to take)
Where they (to go)
medicine? Where they (to
now?
go) on
They (to speak)
Sunday? What language they
English now?
usually (to speak)?
8. They (to go) to
school now.
9. I (not to sleep) now.
11.
12.
13.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
141
142
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 175
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 2. He (to work)
in the centre of Chicago? 3. He (not to work) in the centre of
Chicago. 4. They (to read) many books. 5. They (to read)
many books? 6. They (not to read) many books. 7. The
children (to eat) soup now. 8. The children (to eat) soup
now? 9. The children (not to eat) soup now. 10. You (to
play) volleyball well? 11. When you (to play) volleyball? 12.
What Nick (to do) in the evening? 13. He (to go) to the
cinema in the evening? 14. We (not to dance) every day. 15.
Look! Kate (to dance). 16. Kate (to sing) well? 17. Where he
(to go) in the morning? 18. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 19.
My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 20. When you (to sleep)?
21. Nina (not to sleep) now. 22. Where John (to live)? — He
(to live) in England. 23. My friends from Switzerland (to
speak) four languages. 24. Elvire (to speak) English, German
and French? — Yes, she .... 25. She only (not to speak)
Italian.
Упражнение 176
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Tom (to play) football on Saturday. 2. He (not to play)
football every day. 3. I (to wear) a suit now. 4. I (not to
wear) jeans now. 5. My friend (not to like) to play football.
6. I (not to read) now. 7. He (to sleep) now? 8. We (not to
go) to the country in winter. 9. My sister (to eat) sweets
every day. 10. She (not to eat) sweets now. 11. They (to do)
their homework in the afternoon. 12. They (not to
Употребление времен
143
go) for a walk in the evening. 13. My father (not to work) on
Sunday. 14. He (to work) every day. 15.1 (to read) books in
the evening. 16. I (not to read) books in the morning. 17. I
(to write) an exercise now. 18. I (not to write) a letter now.
19. They (to play) in the yard now. 20. They (not to play) in
the street now. 21. They (to play) in the room now? 22. He
(to help) his mother every day. 23. He (to help) his mother
every day? 24. He (not to help) his mother every day. 25.
You (to go) to school on Sunday? 26. She (to work) in a
shop now? 27. He (to deliver) letters now? 28. You (to go) to
the opera with your friends?
Упражнение 177
Раскройте скобки, употреблял глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to
sleep) because he (to be) tired. 2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at
the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner
every Monday. 3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an
English exercise. 4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I
(to drink) coffee in the morning. 5. Your friend (to do) his
homework now? 6. Your friend (to go) to school in the
morning? 7. Look! The baby (to sleep). 8. The baby always
(to sleep) after dinner. 9. My grandmother (not to work). She
is on pension. 10. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work)
in the garden. 11.1 usually (to get) up at seven o'clock in the
morning. 12. What your sister (to do) now? — She (to wash)
her face and hands. 13. When you usually (to come) home
from school? — I (to come) at three o'clock. 14. Where your
cousin (to work)? — He (to work) at a hospital. 15. Your
sister (to study) at college? — No, she (to go) to school. 16.
My
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
cousin (to go) to school every day. 17. My mother (not to
play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning.
18. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 19. Who
(to make) breakfast for you now? 20. You (to read) a
magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment?
21. They (to be) good dancers but they (not to go) to discos
very often. 22. What she (to talk) about right now?
he (to wear) sunglasses. 28. Who (to listen) to music on his
personal" stereo over there right now?
144
Упражнение 178
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor's now. 2. I
(not to work) in my office now. 3. Eric (to talk) about his
holiday plans, but Kenny (not to listen) to him. He (to think)
about his new car at the moment. 4. My friend (to live) in St.
Petersburg. 5. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 6. The
children (not to sleep) now. 7. The children (to play) in the
yard every day. 8. They (not to go) to the stadium on
Monday. 9. She (to read) in the evening. 10. She (not to
read) in the morning. 11. She (not to read) now. 12.1 (to
write) a composition now. 13.1 (not to drink) milk now. 14. I
(to go) for a walk after dinner. 15. I (not to go) to the theatre
every Sunday. 16. He (not to read) now. 17. He (to play)
now. 18. He (to play) now? 19. My mother (to work) at a
factory. 20. My aunt (not to work) at a shop. 21. You (to
work) at an office? 22. Your father (to work) at this factory?
23. You (to play) chess now? 24. Look at the sky: the clouds
(to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the
clouds, it (to get) warmer. 25. How is your brother? — He is
not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 26.
Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room? 27. Henry
usually (to wear) glasses and now
145
Запомните глаголы, не употребляющиеся во временах группы Continuous: to be, to know, to
understand, to think, to recognize, to want, to like, to
1
see, to hear, to feel, to have . Эти глаголы надо
употреблять в Present Simple, даже если действие
совершается в момент речи.
Упражнение 179
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (not to know) what to give my brother for his
birthday. 2. They (to want) to publish this book in July? 3.
She (to think) he (to drive) dangerously. 4. He (to
understand) that he (to eat) noisily, but he always (to forget)
about it. 5. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the
doorway? — You (not to recognize) him? It (to be) John, my
cousin. 6.1 (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 7. Your
family (to leave) St. Petersburg in summer? — Yes, we
always (to go) to the seaside. We all (to like) the sea. Mother
(to stay) with us to the end of August, but father (to return)
much earlier. 8. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? — They
(to have) a smoke in the garden. 9. What you (to do) here
now? — We (to listen) to tape recordings. 10. You (to want)
to see my father? — Yes, I ... . 11. Michael (to know)
German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but
he (to have) little time for it now. 12. What magazine you
1
to have — только в своем прямом значении «иметь». В
словосочетаниях типа "to have breakfast", "to have a lesson", "to
have a smoke" глагол to have употребляется также и во временах
группы Continuous.
146
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
(to read)? — It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be)
good articles on sports here. You (to be) interested in sports?
— Yes, I ... . But I (not to know) French. 13. We (to have) an
English lesson now.
14. He (to feel) in a position to lend her money.
15. I (to think) she (not to feel) safe there. 16. You (to see)
what I (to mean)? 17. You (to hear) what she (to say)? 18.
He (not to feel) at liberty to tell you the truth. 19. Ron has
got a new job. He (to earn) a fortune as a managing director.
They (to think) he (to be) a bag of money.
Упражнение 180
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
One Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo.
Agnes was very excited. She was interested in everything
she saw.
"Mother, look," she said. "There (to be) a monkey in this
cage. It (to eat) an apple. Now it (to give) a bite to another
monkey. I (to think) monkeys (to like) apples very much."
"Yes, dear," said her mother.
"Now I (to want) to go and see the lions and tigers.
Where they (to live), mother?"
"In that big house over there. Come along."
Agnes enjoyed herself very much in the lion house.
"Mother," she said, "the tiger (to want) a drink: it (to go) to
the dish of water there in the corner. And the lion (to look)
right at me. You (to think) it (to want) to eat me up? When
the lions and tigers (to have) their dinner, mother?"
"The keepers (to bring) them great pieces of meat every
day at four o'clock. And they (to make) a big noise before
their dinner time, so everybody (to know) they (to be)
hungry."
Употребление времен
147
Упражнение 181
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. In the evening I often (to go) to see my friends. 2. On
Sunday we sometimes (to go) to the cinema or to a disco
club. 3. Andrew (to get) up very early as he (to live) far from
school. He (to be) never late. 4. It (to be) six o'clock in the
evening now. Victor (to do) his homework. His sister (to
read) a book. His mother and grandmother (to talk). 5. I (to
write) a letter to my grandmother who (to live) in Novgo-rod.
I (to write) to her very often. 6. It (to take) me forty minutes
to get to school. 7. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? — I (to
hurry) to school. 8. When your lessons (to begin) on
Monday? — They (to begin) at nine o'clock. 9. Where your
sister (to be)? — She (to do) her homework in the next room.
10. It usually (to take) me an hour to do my written exercises.
11. Where Boris (to be)? I (to look) for him. — He (to have)
dinner. 12. I (to look) for a cassette recorder. You (to have)
anything on sale? — Take a look at this little Sonic
Walkman. — No, I (not to want) that kind. — Well, this
Supersound might interest you. It (to be) a good size, it (to
be) stereo and it (to have) a radio to listen to the news.
Упражнение 182
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. You (to keep) to any special diet? — Well, I (not to
think) it (to be) good to eat a lot of meat.
148
Употребление времен
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
I usually (to have) meat only once a week. I (to eat) lots of
fruit and vegetables. 2. He (to learn) English now because he
(to want) to get a better job. 3. The teacher (to know) the girl
often (not to argue) with pupils. 4. I (to think) she often (to
worry). 5. Barbara's boss (to see) she (to be) always late for
work. 6.1 (to call) my son in Cedar Falls now. I (to want) to
call him every month but it (to be) very expensive. 7. You (to
hear) me now? How your job (to go)? — Great! I (to enjoy) it
a lot. The only problem I (to have) here (to be) that the food
(to be) so good. I (to eat) too much! I (to get) really fat. 8.
Ruth (to learn) English now because she (to like) learning
languages and she (to want) to impress everybody. 9. Listen
to that man! You (to understand) what language he (to
speak)? 10. Your English (to get) better? — Yes, I (to think)
so. 11. We (to know) he never (to take) risks. 12. They (to
think) he (to learn) fast, he (to know) English well and he (to
speak) English fluently. 13. Don't disturb him. He just (to
work) at his English. 14. I (not to like) to watch TV very
often. But at the moment I (to enjoy) my favourite film
"Gone with the Wind". And I (to be) very happy. 15. You (to
have) any idea where Rick (to be)? I (not to see) him at work
now. — He (to visit) his friends in Spain. 16. Hurry up! We
(not to have) much time left. — I (to come)! 17. She (to try)
to lose weight, I (to think). She always (to have) light
lunches. 18. She (to try) to do her best. 19. My little brother
(not to play) the piano very well. That (to be) why he (to
practise) the piano again. 20. My grandmother (to be) busy.
She (to bake) an apricote pie. She (to bake) pies every
Sunday. 21. Tom (to be) tired. He (to be) embarrassed
because he (to yawn) his head off. 22. I (to be) sad. That (to
be) why I (to cry).
149
Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Future
Simple Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)
(действие будет совершаться в будущем)
1 shall work Не
will work She
will work It will
work
We shall work
You will work
They will work
Shall 1 work?
Will he work?
Will she work?
Will it work?
Shall we work?
Will you work?
Will they work?
1 shall not work He
will not work She
will not work It will
not work
We shall not work
You will not work
They will not work
Yes, 1 shall.
Yes, he will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, we shall.
Yes, you will.
Yes, they will.
No, 1 shan't. No,
he won't. No,
she won't. No, it
won't.
No, we shan't.
No, you won't.
No, they won't.
Упражнение 183
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future
Simple.
1. I want to get a medical checkup. I (to go) to my doctor
tomorrow. 2. He (to give) me a complete examination. 3.
The nurse (to lead) me into one of the examination rooms. 4.
I (to take) off my clothes and (to put) on a hospital gown. 5.
Dr. Setton (to come) in, (to shake) my hand, and (to say)
"hello". 6. I (to stand) on his scale so he can measure my
height and my weight. 7. He (to take) my pulse. 8. Then he
(to take) my blood pressure. 9. After he takes my blood
pressure, he (to take) some blood for a blood analysis. 10. He
(to examine) my eyes, ears, nose, and throat. 11. He (to
listen) to my heart with
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
a stethoscope. 12. Then he (to take) a chest X-ray and (to do)
a cardiogram (ECG or EKG). 13. After the checkup I (to go)
home and (to wait) for Dr. Set-ton's call. 14. Dr. Setton (to
call) me tomorrow afternoon and (to say) to me: "Stop
worring! Your blood analysis is excellent." He is a very
good doctor.
В: You (to kid)? I (to freeze). Where (to be) the bus? We (to
wait) for the bus now. We always (to wait) for the bus.
And tomorrow we (to wait) for the bus, too.
150
Сравните употребление Present Continuous,
Present Simple и Future Simple
Упражнение 184
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. I (not to play) chess
tomorrow. 3. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 4. He (to play)
chess every day. 5. He (not to play) chess every day. 6. He
(to play) chess every day? 7. They (to play) chess now. 8.
They (not to play) chess now. 9. They (to play) chess now?
10. Nick (to go) to the park now. 11. Nick (to go) to school
every day. 12. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 13.1 (to
miss) your excellent cooking! 14. You ever (to buy)
presents? 15. You (to think) it (to be) easy or difficult to
choose the right presents for people? 16. What present your
mother (to receive) for her next birthday? 17.
A: The weather (to be) unpredictable these days. B: Well,
maybe it (to be) warm and sunny. A: It (to get) cold, and
look at those clouds. I (to
think) it (to be) cold and damp. B: You (to be right). It
(to get) cold. My feet (to
freeze). You (to know), it might snow. A: You never (to
know). They (say) fog (to cover) the
area early tomorrow morning. It (to clear) and (to
become) sunny by noon. So it might be beautiful
this afternoon, too.
151
Упражнение 185
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 2. You (to
read) this book next week? 3. You (to read) books every
day? 4. You (to read) a book now? 5. I (not to see) him
tomorrow. 6. What you (to do) tomorrow? 7. What your
friend (to do) tomorrow? 8. Where you (to go) next summer?
9. Where you (to go) every morning? 10. Where you (to go)
now? 11. Look! Mary (to dance). 12. She (to dance) every
day. 13. She (to dance) tomorrow? 14. He (to go) to the
theatre tomorrow. 15. We (to go) to school in the morning.
16. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 17. You (to help) your
mother tomorrow? 18.1 (not to play) the guitar now. 19. My
brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 20. They (not to
take) care of the garden next summer. 21". You (to like)
apples? 22. You (to eat) apples tomorrow? 23. Nick (to read)
many books. 24. Mother (to work) every day. 25. He (not to
sleep) now. 26. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next
Sunday? 27. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 28.1 (not
to learn) the poem now. 29. She (to live) in San Francisco.
30. My father (to shoot) very well. 31. He is very strong.
Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box.
Упражнение 186
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.
1. My sister (not to like) coffee. 2. When you (to go) to
bed every day? 3. What he (to read) now?
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
4. What he (to read) every day? 5. What he (to read)
tomorrow? 6. You (to give) me this book tomorrow? 7.
Where she (to be) tomorrow? 8. Where she (to go)
tomorrow? 9. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow?
10. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 11. What you (to do)
now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 12. When you (to
finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to
go to bed. 13. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 14.
What you (to do) in the country next summer? 15. They (not
to drink) tea now. I (to think) they (to watch) TV.
16. What your father (to drink) in the evening?
17. When you (to get) up every day? — I (to get) up at
seven o'clock. 18. My brother usually (not to get) up at
seven o'clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o'clock, but
tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o'clock.
19. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow?
20. We (to go) to the country the day after tomorrow. 21.
Our friends always (to go) to the country for the weekend.
22. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 23. Your parents
(to watch) TV now? 24. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to
help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in the
kitchen every day.
article into Russian, I shall use it in my report. 4. If she (to
be) in St. Petersburg now, she will meet you at the railway
station. 5. If you (not to hurry), you will miss the train. 6. If
it (to rain), we shan't go to the country. 7. When my friend
(to come) to St. Petersburg, we shall go to the Russian
Museum. 8. What will you be doing when he (to come) to
your place? 9. Don't forget to pay for your dinner before you
(to leave) the canteen. 10. I shall be able to translate this
article if you (to give) me a dictionary. 11. You will have to
work hard at home if you (to miss) the lesson. 12. Where
will you go when you (to come) to London? 13. The child
won't be healthy if you (not to give) him much fruit. 14. I
shan't have dinner before mother (to come) home. 15. What
will you do if you (not to finish) your homework tonight?
16. She will wait for him till he (to come) back.
152
He забывайте употреблять настоящее время вместо будущего в придаточных предложениях времени
и условия после союзов if, when, as soon as, before,
after, till (until).
Упражнение 187
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном
времени.
1. Before you (to cross) the park, you will come to a
supermarket. 2. When you (to cross) the park, you will see
the hospital. 3. If you (to translate) this
153
Упражнение 188
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения отно сятся
к будущему.)
1. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call)
on you and we (to have) a good talk. 2. He (to go) to the
Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 3. As
soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 4. You
(to pass) many towns and villages on your way before you
(to arrive) in Moscow. 5. I (to stay) at home till she (to
come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) tickets.
6. After I (to finish) school, I (to enter) the University. 7.
When he (to return) to St. Petersburg, he (to call) on us. 8. If
I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 9. We (to
gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from
Africa. 10.1 (to sing) this song with you if you (to tell) me
the words.
154
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
11. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in ourcountry house the next time. 12. What you (to do) when you
(to come) home? 13. When they (to cross) the road, they (to
see) the hotel. 14. Before she (to get) to the theatre, she (to
go) past the shopping centre. 15. What we (to do) if it (to
rain) tonight? 16. What she (to do) if she (to see) her best
friend again? 17. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be)
exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 18. If it (to be)
very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning.
Упражнение 189
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к
будущему.)
1. If the weather (to be) nice, we probably (to go) to the
beach. 2. If he still (to have) a cold and (not to feel) better,
he (not to go) to a disco. 3. If you (to decide) to forget about
your diet, you (to eat) wedding cake tomorrow. 4. If I (to
drink) too much champagne at my friend's wedding, I (to
get) a bad headache. 5. If they (to go) to California next year,
they (to visit) his friend in San Francisco. 6. If she (not to
work) properly, her boss (to fire) her and (to hire) my sister.
7.1 (to see) you before you (to start)? 8. What he (to do)
when he (to come) home? 9. Where they (to go) if the
weather (to be) fine? 10. He (to ring) me up when he (to
return) home. 11. If it (to rain), we (to stay) at home. 12. She
(to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 13. I am sure he (to
come) to say goodbye to us before he (to leave) St. Petersburg. 14. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the
room. 15. If we (to be) tired, we (to stop) at a small village
halfway to Moscow and (to have) a short rest and a meal
there. 16. If you (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at
10.35. 17. She (to
Употребление времен
155
make) all the arrangements about it before she (to fly) there.
18. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a week or
two at a health resort not far from here.
Упражнение 190
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения отно сятся
к будущему.)
1. My grandmother is superstitious. She always says to
me, "If you (to spill) salt, you should throw a little salt over
your left shoulder. If you (not to do) this, you (to have) bad
luck. If you (to break) a mirror, you (to have) bad luck for
seven years."
2. I (not to speak) to him until he (to apologize).
3. Peter (to introduce) us to his friends as soon as we (to
meet) them. 4. We (to go) to the station to meet Sergei when
he (to come) to St. Petersburg. 5. Don't go away until mother
(to come) back. Give her the note as soon as she (to come).
6. You (to go) to the library with us? — No, I ... . I (to stay)
here and (to help) Jane with her grammar. I (to come) to the
library after I (to finish). 7. Ring me up before you (to
come). 8. I (to speak) to Mary if I (to see) her today. 9. If
you (to ask) me a difficult question, I (to be) nervous. If I (to
be) nervous, I (to make) a mistake. If I (to make) a mistake,
the other students (to laugh) at me. If the other students (to
laugh) at me, I (to be) embarrassed. And if I (to be)
embarrassed, I (to cry). So please don't ask me a difficult
question!
Упражнение 191
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple, Present Continuous или Future Simple.
1. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain). A cold
wind often (to blow). 2. The weather (to be)
156
fine today. It (to be) warm, the sun (to shine) brightly. A soft
wind (to blow). Small white clouds (to sail) in the sky. 3.
Don't go out: it (to rain) heavily. 4. Take your raincoat with
you. I am afraid it (to rain) in the evening and you (to get)
wet through if you (not to put) on your raincoat. 5. Every
spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the
trees. 6. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the next room.
7. It usually (not to snow) at this time of the year.
8. What the weather (to be) like now? It (to snow)? — No, it ... . 9.
We (to go) out of town to ski on Sunday? — Yes, we ... if it (to
snow) this week and if there (to be) a lot of snow everywhere. 10.
What you (to do) tomorrow? — We (to go) out of town if the
weather (not to change) for the worse. You (to come) with us? —
With
pleasure,
if
only
I
(not
to
l have) too much work to do at home. 11. If we (to have)
televisions at our supermarket, they (to inform) customers about
things in the store. 12. If we
(to play) music, it (to produce) the right atmosphere. 13. If
we (to put) in cameras, they (to stop) people stealing things.
14. If we (to employ) more assistants, they (to help) our
customers.
Упражнение 192
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя гла голы в
Present Simple или Future Simple.
1. Он сделает упражнения по английскому язы
ку, если у него не будет других дел. 2. Если я не
:
Употребление времен
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
помогу ему, он не напишет контрольную работу
завтра. 3. Он не пойдет в библиотеку сегодня ве
чером. 4. Если он не пойдет в библиотеку, он бу
дет дома. 5. Мы будем дома завтра. 6. Если мы
будем дома завтра, мы посмотрим эту программу
по телевизору. 7. Ее не будет завтра дома. 8. Если
ее не будет завтра дома, оставьте ей записку.
157
9. Завтра погода будет хорошая. 10. Если завтра погода
будет хорошая, мы поедем за город. 11. Когда она
приходит в школу, она снимает пальто. 12. Когда она
придет в школу, она снимет пальто. 13. Как только он
вспоминает эту смешную сцену, он начинает смеяться.
14. Как только он вспомнит эту смешную сцену, он
начнет смеяться. 15. Я приду домой в шесть часов. 16.
Когда я приду домой, я позвоню вам. 17. Она позвонит
нам вечером. 18. Если она позвонит вам, попросите ее
принести мне книгу. 19. Я увижу Тома завтра. 20. Как
только я увижу Тома, я расскажу ему об этом. 21. Я
поеду в Париж на будущей неделе. 22. Перед тем, как я
поеду в Париж, я позвоню вам.
Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Past
Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)
Правильные глаголы (действие
совершалось в прошлом)
1 worked Не
worked She
worked It
worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
Did 1 work? Did
he work? Did
she work? Did it
work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?
1 did not work He
did not work She
did not work It did
not work
We did not work
You did not work
They did not work
Yes, 1 did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, 1 didn't. No,
he didn't. No,
she didn't. No, it
didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
158
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в
Past Simple Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)
Неправильные глаголы
(действие совершалось в прошлом)
1 wrote Не
wrote She
wrote It
wrote
We wrote
You wrote
They wrote
Did 1 write? Did
he write? Did
she write? Did it
write?
Did we write?
Did you write?
Did they write?
1 did not write He
did not write She
did not write It did
not write
We did not write
You did not write
They did not write
Yes, 1 did.
Yes, he did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, it did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, 1 didn't. No,
he didn't. No,
she didn't. No, it
didn't.
No, we didn't.
No, you didn't.
No, they didn't.
Упражнение 193
Употребление времен
159
cook) a good dinner. 11. She (to wash) the dishes and (to
look) very tired. 12. The children (to brush) their teeth, (to
yawn) a little and (to go) to bed.
13. Their mother (to change) her clothes and (to
brush) her hair. Then she (to talk) on the phone.
14. Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to talk)
to his wife. 15. They (to wait) for the bus. The bus
(to arrive) at 9 o'clock. 16. They (to visit) their
friends. 17. They (to dance) a lot there. 18. Mr. and
Mrs. Smith (to rest) very well last night. They real
ly (to have) a wonderful time at their friends.
Упражнение 194
Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is
Russian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some
exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and
gets a "five". Pete does not get a "five" because he does not
know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen.
I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk.
After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and
change the book. Then I go home.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
1. What your neighbours (to do) yesterday?
2. Mr. Smith (to fix) his car yesterday morning.
3. His wife (to water) plants in the garden. 4. Their children
(to clean) the yard and then they (to play) basketball. 5. In
the evening their boys (to listen) to loud music and (to
watch) TV. 6. Their little girl (to cry) a little and then (to
smile). 7. Her brothers (to shout) at her. 8. Mrs. Smith (to
work) in the kitchen. 9. She (to bake) a delicious apple pie.
10. She (to
Упражнение 195
Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени (что рассказала мама).
On Tuesday I get up at half past six. I go to the bathroom
and wash my hands and face and clean my teeth. Then I
dress, go to the kitchen and cook breakfast for my family. At
half past seven my son gets
160
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
up and has breakfast. I have breakfast with my son. My son
eats a sandwich and drinks a cup of tea. I don't drink tea. I
drink coffee. After breakfast my son leaves home for school.
I don't leave home with my son. On Tuesday I don't work in
the morning. I work in the afternoon. In the evening I am at
home. My husband and my son are at home, too. We rest in
the evening. My son watches TV, my husband reads
newspapers and I do some work about the house. At about
eleven o'clock we go to bed.
Упражнение 196
Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени.
Boris wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at
his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Quick! Boris jumps out of
bed and runs to the bathroom. He has just time to take a cold
shower and drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is
in a hurry to catch the eight o'clock train.
At the railway station he meets three other boys from his
group. They all have small backpacks and fishing rods.
In less than an hour they get off the train at a small
station near a wood. They walk very quickly and soon find
themselves on the shore of a large lake. The boys spend the
whole day there fishing, boating and swimming.
They return home late at night, tired but happy.
Сравните употребление
Present Simple и Past Simple
Употребление времен
161
Упражнение 197
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple или Past Simple.
1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. She (to
study) English two hours ago. 3. You (to come) home at six
o'clock yesterday? — No, I ... . Yesterday I (to come) home
from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have)
dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I
(to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 4. I (to go) to bed
at ten o'clock every day. 5. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock
yesterday. 6. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 7.
Last night he (to wash) his face with soap and water. 8. I (not
to have) history lessons every day. 9. We (not to rest)
yesterday.
10. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday.
11. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work,
but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she
(to walk) to her office. 12. You (to talk) to the mem
bers of your family every day? — Yes, I ... . But
yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy
yesterday. 13. Your sister (to go) to school every
day? — Yes, she .... 14. Mary (to like) writing sto
ries. 15. Last week she (to write) a funny story about
her pet. 16. You (to tell) your mother the truth about
the money? 17. You (to wear) your polka-dot dress
to work? — Yes, I .... I (to wear) it yesterday.
18. We (to like) to go to the beach. We (to enjoy)
swimming in the ocean last weekend.
Упражнение 198
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple или Past Simple.
1. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 2. Yesterday he (not to
eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late.
6 Ю.Голицынский
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
3. We (to like) to cook but we (not to like) to wash the
dishes. 4. He never (to shout) at his students. He (to be) a
wonderful teacher, I remember. 5. My friend (to know)
Spanish very well. 6. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago? 7.
He (to live) on the third floor.
8. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday?
9. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday?
10. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday.
11. Her friends (to be) ready at five o'clock. 12. One of her
brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last summer. 13. Queen
Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to become) Queen of
England in 1952. 14. You always (to get) up at seven
o'clock? — No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven.
15. Antonio Stradivari (to make) wonderful violins. 16. Who
(to paint) the world-known picture "Mona Lisa"? 17. She (to
know) all the works of Chopin. She (to enjoy) listening to
his waltz last night. 18. Steven's friends (to come) to his
birthday party last night and (to give) him wonderful
presents. His parents (to cook) a special dinner for him. His
girlfriend (to promise) to come, but she (not to be) there. He
(to try) to phone, but he couldn't get through. He (to be)
really upset. Only she (not to wish) him a Happy Birthday.
cinema every day. 5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 6.
I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV
every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to
watch) TV tomorrow?
10. When you (to leave) home for school every day?
11. When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?
12. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?
13. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave)
home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to
be) near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus.
Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at
nine o'clock.
14. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I ... . 15.
What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? — I (to buy) a
book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers
because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers
tomorrow.
162
Сравните употребление Present
Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple
Упражнение 199
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2.1 (to go) to
bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock
tomorrow. 4. I (not to go) to the
163
Упражнение 200
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every
morning. 2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons
yesterday morning. 3. He (to turn) on the television to watch
cartoons tomorrow morning. 4. I always (to go) to the Altai
Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I (to be) very busy
last summer and I (not to go) there. 6. I (not to go) there next
year because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can't afford it.
7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday
evening? 8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future? 9.
How often you (to go) to the dentist's? 10. We (not to have)
very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during
our short stay in London. 11. She (to do) all the
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
washing in their house. 12. He even (not to know) how to
use the washing machine. 13. Two years ago they (to be)
rich and money (to be) never a problem. 14. You (to think)
you (to be) happy in your new neighbourhood? 15. When the
cabbage soup (to be) ready? 16. The customs officers at JFK
airport in New York (to arrest) that young man when he (to
arrive). 17. I (to like) to get on with my friends, so I often (to
do) what they (to want). 18. When (to be) your birthday? 19.
When you (to get) your watch? 20. Who (to create) Mickey
Mouse?
mer? 20. You (to go) abroad last summer? 21. What your
brother (to do) every day? 22. What your brother (to do)
now? 23. What your brother (to do) tomorrow? 24. What
your brother (to do) yesterday?
164
Сравните употребление Present Continuous,
Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple
Упражнение 201
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple,
Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 2. Kate (to cook)
dinner tomorrow. 3. Kate (to cook) dinner now. 4. Kate (to
cook) dinner yesterday. 5. I (not to eat) ice cream every day.
6. I (not to eat) ice cream now. 7. I (not to eat) ice cream
tomorrow. 8. I (not to eat) ice cream yesterday. 9. He (to
spend) last summer in the country. 10. He (not to spend) last
summer in the country. 11. He (to spend) last summer in the
country? 12. Where he (to spend) last summer? 13. She (to
help) mother yesterday. 14. She (not to help) mother
yesterday. 15. She (to help) mother yesterday? 16. How she
(to help) mother yesterday? 17. You (to go) to school every
day? 18. You (to go) to school now? 19. You (to go) to the
south next sum-
165
Упражнение 202
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple,
Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. I (to think) Nellie (to leave) for Moscow tomorrow. 2. I
(to be) in a hurry. My friends (to wait) for me. 3. You (to be)
at the theatre yesterday. You (to like) the opera? — Oh yes, I
(to enjoy) it greatly. 4. We (to expect) you (to go) to London
next summer. 5. Her English (not to be) excellent, but she (to
work) at it. 6. A week ago they (not to know) what to think.
7. She (to worry) a lot at the moment, but the problems (not
to be) very great. 8. Last Tuesday he (to be) upset and (to
have) no idea where to go. 9. Could you tell me the way to
Trafalgar Square? I (to go) the right way? 10. Various kinds
of sports (to be) popular in Russia. 11. Both children and
grown-ups (to be) fond of sports. 12. What (to be) the matter
with her? She (to be) so excited. — I (not to know). 13.
Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the stadium to see the
match which (to take) place there today. 14. You (to know)
that a very interesting match (to take) place last Sunday? 15.
He (to go) to the south a week ago. 16. When I (to be) about
fifteen years old, I (to enjoy) playing football. 17. Our football team (to win) many games last year. 18. Where (to be)
Boris? — He (to play) chess with his friend. 19. I (to be)
sorry I (to miss) the match yesterday. But I (to know) the
score. It (to be) 4 to 2 in favour of the Russian team.
166
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 203
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple,
Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. My friend (to go) to the library every Wednesday. 2.
He (not to go) to the country yesterday. 3. Why you (to go)
to the shop yesterday? 4. We (to grow) tomatoes next
summer. 5. What you (to do) now? 6. He (to sleep) now. 7.
Where your father (to work) last year? 8. She (to go) to the
south next summer? 9. He (not to watch) TV yesterday. 10.
Yesterday we (to write) a paper. 11. I (to buy) a very good
book last Tuesday. 12. My granny (not to buy) bread
yesterday. 13. What you (to buy) at the shop tomorrow? 14.
Don't make noise! Father (to work). 15. We (to go) on a
tramp last Sunday. 16. Your brother (to go) to the country
with us next Sunday? 17. Granny (not to cook) dinner now.
18. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 19. My
sister (to wash) the dishes every morning. 20. When you (to
go) to school? 21. What you (to prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 22. You (to invite) your cousin to stay with you
next summer? 23. How you (to help) your sister last
summer? 24. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 25.
Every morning on the way to school I (to meet) my friends.
26. His grandfather (to listen) to rock'n'roll music. That (to
be) strange! He always (to listen) to classical music.
Упражнение 204
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple,
Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Max (not to be) here. He (to wash) his car. He (to
wash) it every weekend. 2. He (not to play) the
Употребление времен
167
piano tomorrow. 3. We (to see) a very good film last
Sunday. 4. Your mother (to cook) every day? 5. We (to
make) a fire last summer. 6. I (to spend) last summer at the
seaside. 7. Where you (to spend) last summer? 8. Where he
(to spend) next summer? 9. What mother (to do) now? —
She (to cook) dinner. 10. I (not to play) computer games
yesterday. 11. Last Sunday we (to go) to the theatre. 12.1 (to
meet) my friend yesterday. 13. I (to write) a letter to my
cousin yesterday. 14. You (to write) a dictation tomorrow?
15. I (not to write) a report now. 16. Mother (to cook) a
marvellous dinner yesterday. 17. Tomorrow Nick (not to go)
to school — I (not to think) so.
Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Past
Continuous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)
(действие в процессе, совершалось в определенный
момент или протекало в течение четко ограниченного
периода времени в прошлом)
1 was working Не
was working She
was working It was
working
We were working
You were working
They were working
Was 1 working? Was
he working? Was
she working? Was it
working?
Were we working?
Were you working?
Were they working?
1 was not working He
was not working She
was not working It was
not working
We were not working
You were not working
They were not working
Yes, 1 was.
Yes, he was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, it was.
Yes, we were.
Yes, you were.
Yes, they were
No, 1 wasn't. No,
he wasn't. No, she
wasn't. No, it
wasn't.
No, we weren't.
No, you weren't.
No, they weren't.
168
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сравните употребление Present Continuous
(действие протекает в момент речи) и Past
Continuous
(действие протекало в определенный момент в
прошлом)
Упражнение 205
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Continuous или Past Continuous.
1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an
English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to
sleep) now. 4 My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday.
5. My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to
play) volleyball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at
seven o'clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball.
7. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday.
8. She (not to read) now. 9. Now she (to go) to school. 10.
What you (to do) now? — I (to drink) tea. 11. You (to drink)
tea at this time yesterday? — No, I (not to drink) tea at this
time yesterday, I (to eat) a banana. 12. My sister is fond of
reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now
she (to read) again. 13. Look! My cat (to play) with a ball.
14. When I went out into the garden, the sun (to shine) and
birds (to sing) in the trees. 15. You (to eat) ice cream now?
16. You (to eat) ice cream when I rang you up yesterday? 17.
What your father (to do) now? 18. What your father (to do)
from eight till nine yesterday? 19. Why she (to cry) now? 20.
Why she (to cry) when I saw her yesterday?
Употребление времен
169
Сравните употребление
Past Simple и Past Continuous
Обратите внимание на обстоятельства
времени, характерные для Past Continuous:
at... o'clock yesterday
when mother came home
from 5 till 6 yesterday
the whole evening
Обратите также внимание
на следующие два предложения:
We played chess in the evening, (вечером) —
Past Simple
We were playing chess the whole evening.
(весь вечер) — Past Continuous
Упражнение 206
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 2. I (to go) to the
cinema at four o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to the cinema
when you met me. 4. I (to do) my homework the whole
evening yesterday. 5. I (to do) my homework when mother
came home. 6. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 7.1 (to do)
my homework from five till eight yesterday. 8. I (to do) my
homework at six o'clock yesterday. 9. I (not to play) the piano yesterday. I (to write) a letter to my friend. 10. I (not to
play) the piano at four o'clock yesterday. I (to read) a book.
11. He (not to sleep) when father came home. He (to do) his
homework. 12. When I (to go) to school the day before
yesterday, I met Mike and Pete. They (to talk) and (to
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
laugh). They told me a funny story. Soon I (to laugh), too. I
still (to laugh) when we came to school. After school I (to
tell) this story at home. My father and mother (to like) it
very much. 13. When we were in the country last summer, I
(to go) to the wood one day. In the wood I (to find) a little
fox cub. I (to bring) it home. I (to decide) to tame the cub.
Every day I (to feed) it and (to take) care of it. I (to tame) it
the whole summer. Now the fox cub is quite tame. It lives in
my house.
read) a book. 19. What he (to do) the whole evening
yesterday? — He (to read) a book. 20. She (to sleep) when
you came home?
170
Упражнение 207
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play)
computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play)
computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to
play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. My
brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the
day before yesterday. 6. My sister (not to play) the piano at
four o'clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole
evening. 7. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook).
8. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday.
9. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday.
10. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till
four yesterday. 11. You (to do) your homework yes
terday? 12. You (to do) your homework from eight
till ten yesterday? 13. Why she (to sleep) at seven
o'clock yesterday? 14. He (to sit) at the table the
whole evening yesterday. 15. What Nick (to do) when
you came to his place? 16. What you (to do) when
I rang you up? 17. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock
yesterday. 18. What he (to do) yesterday? — He (to
171
Обратите внимание на следующие предложения:
• When mother came home, I was reading.
came — однократное действие (пришла)
Past Simple
was reading — действие в процессе (читал)
Past Continuous
• When mother was reading, I came home.
was reading — действие в процессе (читала)
Pasf Continuous
came — однократное действие (пришел)
Past Simple
Упражнение 208
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2.
When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his
toys. 3. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my
homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep).
5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on
the carpet. 6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to
drink) tea. 7. When I (to come) to my friend's place, he (to
watch) TV. 8. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play)
football. 9. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the
table. 10. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to
dance) round the firtree. 11. When Tom (to cross) the street,
he (to fall).
172
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
12. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend.
13. When .we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet)
grandmother. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to
see) many children in the yard. 15. When Henry (to walk)
about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 16. When we (to
walk) about in the forest, we (to see) a hare. 17. When I (to
wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 18.
When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall)
asleep. 19. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see)
my old friend. 20. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he
(to fall).
Упражнение 209
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. The girl (to cook) dinner when the lights (to go) out.
She (to burn) herself. 2. The boy (to hurt) himself while he
(to skate). 3. When the woman (to enter) the room, the
children (to feed) the goldfish. 4. When I (to visit) my
friends in Denmark, I (to buy) two presents for my family. 5.
When it (to start) to rain, we (to bathe) in the river. 6.
Yesterday at one o'clock I (to have) lunch at the canteen.
7. When he (to come) in, I (to do) my exercises.
8. What you (to do) at eight o'clock yesterday?
9. At this time yesterday I (to go) home. 10. You (to sleep)
when I (to go) out. 11. He (to read) on the sofa when I (to
come) in and (to sit) down beside him. 12. I (to walk) along
the street with my friend when a tram (to pass). 13. She (to
look) out of the window when I (to see) her. 14. We (to
answer) the teacher's questions when the headmistress (to
enter) the classroom. 15. They (to drink) tea when I (to
come) home. 16. He (to walk) along the river when a boat
(to
Употребление времен
173
pass). 17. The old man (to think) about his plan when he (to
fall) asleep. 18. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture
yesterday. 19. When I (to enter) the classroom, the teacher
(to write) words on the blackboard and the pupils (to copy)
them into their exercise books. 20. They (to get) ready to go
out when it (to begin) raining.
Упражнение 210
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. I (to go) to the theatre yesterday. 2. At seven o'clock
yesterday I (to go) to the theatre. 3. What you (to do) at 5
o'clock yesterday? — I (to play) the piano. 4. When I (to
come) to school, the children (to stand) near the classroom.
5. We (to play) in the yard the whole evening yesterday. 6.
When I (to prepare) breakfast in the morning, I (to cut) my
finger. 7. Last year I (to go) to the United States. 8. You (to
go) to Great Britain last year? — No, I (to go) to France. 9.
What you (to do) yesterday? — I (to translate) a very long
article. 10. When I (to ring) up my friend, he (to sleep). 11.
When grandfather (to watch) TV, he (to fall) asleep. 12.
When my friend (to come) to see me, I (to do) my
homework. 13. When I (to go) to the stadium, I (to meet)
Kate and Ann. 14. When Nick (to ring) me up yesterday, I
(to help) mother. 15. When the children (to walk) through
the wood, they (to see) a fox. 16. When I (to come) home,
my sister (to wash) the floor. 17. When Mike (to play) in the
yard, he (to find) a ball. 18. When I (to draw) yesterday, I (to
break) two pencils. 19. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to go) to
the shop. 20. When I (to look) out of the window, the
children (to play) hide-and-seek.
174
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Обратите внимание на следующие предложения:
Father was reading at 7 o'clock yesterday.
действие в процессе — Past Continuous
Father came home at 7 o'clock yesterday.
однократное действие — Past Simple
Упражнение 211
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. Father (to watch) TV at ten o'clock yesterday. 2. I (to
go) to bed at nine o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to finish) my
homework at nine o'clock yesterday.
4. I (to play) the piano at five o'clock yesterday.
5. He (to begin) to do his homework at four o'clock
yesterday. 6. She (to wash) the floor at four o'clock
yesterday. 7. I (to meet) Nick at three o'clock yesterday. 8.
When I (to come) home, Kate (to play) the piano. 9. When I
(to meet) John, he (to go) to the railway station. 10. When I
(to go) to the museum, I (to see) a big crowd of people in the
street. 11. They (to play) in the yard in the evening
yesterday. 12. They (to play) in the yard the whole evening
yesterday. 13. I (to clean) my teeth at eight o'clock in the
morning yesterday. 14. We (to go) to the wood in summer.
15. When the teacher (to open) the door of the classroom, the
pupils (to sit) at their desks. 16. He (to get) up at seven
o'clock yesterday. 17. Father (to come) home at six o'clock
yesterday. 18.1 (to read) a book at six o'clock yesterday. 19.
She (to fall) asleep at eleven o'clock yesterday. 20. Mother
(to drink) tea at eleven o'clock yesterday.
Употребление времен
175
Упражнение 212
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. Last Sunday we (to go) skiing in the country. There (to
be) already a lot of snow in the fields and we (to enjoy)
ourselves. We (to ski) for two hours and a half. 2. They (to
meet) at the station two hours ago. 3. Where you (to spend)
last Sunday? 4. We (to be) in a hurry because only twenty
minutes (to be) left before the beginning of the performance.
5.1 (to play) the violin when my friend (to come) in. He (to
invite) me to the theatre and I (to accept) the invitation with
pleasure. 6. He (to ring) up his friend and (to ask) him about
the homework. 7. When I (to come) to the theatre, my friend
already (to wait) for me. 8. When I (to go) to the dentist's, I
(to break) my arm. 9. When the teacher (to walk) into the
classroom, the boys (to listen) to pop music and the girls (to
eat) chips and (to drink) lemonade. 10. She (to go) to the
bank when I (to meet) her. She (not to go) to the doctor's. 11.
What you (to do) when the accident (to happen)? — I (to
walk) out of the hospital. 12. He (to leave) the bank, when
the thieves (to take) his money.
Упражнение 213
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away.
2. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 3.
Yesterday I (to get) up at seven o'clock.
4. The train (to start) at fifteen minutes to ten.
5. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to
go) out. 6. At this time yesterday I (to sit)
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
in the theatre. 7. Не (to come) back to St. Petersburg on the
15th of January. 8. I (to go) to the institute when I (to see)
him. 9. At this time yesterday we (to have) dinner. 10. He (to
write) a letter when I (to come) in. 11. He (to make) a report
when I (to leave) the meeting. 12. Yesterday he (to write) a
letter to his friend. 13. When I (to look) at them, they (to
smile) at me. 14. What you (to do) at six o'clock yesterday?
15. I (to go) to bed at half past eleven. 16. Yesterday the
lesson (to begin) at nine o'clock. 17. When somebody (to
knock) at the door, she (to argue) with her husband. 18.
When Pete (to jog) in the park in the morning, he (to lose)
his Walkman. 19. When the police (to take) the thief to the
car, I (to go) to the cinema to see the new Tom Cruise film.
20. He (to shave) when he (to hear) her scream.
four yesterday. 16. When I (to read) the newspaper
yesterday, I (to find) an interesting article on UFOs. 17. You
(to watch) TV yesterday? — Yes, we (to watch) TV the
whole evening yesterday. 18. When you (to go) to bed
yesterday? 19. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 20.
At half past ten yesterday I (to sleep). 21. When I (to come)
home from school yesterday, my little brother (to sit) on the
floor with all his toys around him. He (to play) with them. I
(to tell) him to put his toys into the box as he (to make) too
much noise.
176
Упражнение 214
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. Lena (to sweep) the floor on Sunday. 2. Lena (to
sweep) the floor from eleven till twelve on Sunday. 3. They
(to go) to the wood last Sunday? 4. When they (to sail) down
the river they (to see) a little island. 5. We (to work) the
whole morning yesterday. 6. Mother (to cook) dinner at three
o'clock yesterday. 7. She (to finish) cooking at four o'clock
yesterday. 8. At half past four yesterday we (to have) dinner.
9. They (to translate) a difficult text yesterday.
10. I (to open) the window at six o'clock yesterday.
11. You (to go) to the cinema yesterday? 12. I (not to see)
Mike last week. 13. When I (to open) the door, my friends
(to sit) around the table. 14. When you (to begin) doing your
homework yesterday? 15. We (to discuss) the latest news
from three till
177
Упражнение 215
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. I (to feed) my cat with fish yesterday. 2. What you (to
do) at four o'clock yesterday? — I (to feed) my cat. 3. What
your brother (to do) yesterday? — He (to play) computer
games. 4. I (to begin) repairing my camera at six o'clock
yesterday. 5. At five o'clock yesterday Helen (to cook) soup.
6. What you (to do) when your sister (to come) home
yesterday?
7. You (to have) supper at nine o'clock yesterday?
8. He (not to go) to the shop yesterday. 9. Nick (to go) to
bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 10. Rick (to sleep) at eleven
o'clock yesterday. 11. When we (to play) in the yard
yesterday, it suddenly (to start) raining heavily. 12. I (to see)
Mike when he (to cross) the street. 13. He (to begin)
repairing his bicycle in the morning yesterday. 14. He (to
repair) his bicycle the whole day yesterday. 15. He (to
finish) repairing his bicycle in the evening yesterday. 16. We
(to play) badminton from nine till eleven yesterday. 17. Kate
(not to go) for a walk yesterday. She (to write) a com-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
position the whole day yesterday. 18. When your father (to
come) home yesterday? — He (to come) home at seven
o'clock. 19. When my father (to come) home yesterday, my
mother (to make) supper. 20. We (not to go) on a tramp last
summer.
One girl of about eighteen (to prepare) supper in the kitchen
while two other girls still (to do) something in the kitchen
garden near the house. The old man (to invite) me to have
supper with them. They all (to seem) to be nice people and
we (to have) a friendly talk. After supper my new friends
and I (to go) out into the garden. The moon (to shine) high in
the sky, and the night (to be) warm and beautiful. That
evening (to be) very pleasant, and I'll remember it a long
time.
178
Упражнение 216
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
We (to walk) down the street in the direction of Mike's
house, when we (to see) him in the window of a bus that (to
pass) by. He (to recognize) us, too, but he could not get off
as the bus (to be) overcrowded. We (to be) very sorry that
we (to have) no chance to speak to him. But we could do
nothing and (to decide) to go back. At that very moment we
(to hear) Mike's voice behind us. "How funny," he (to say),
"I (to go) to your place when I suddenly (to see) you here. I
am so glad to see you."
Упражнение 217
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
The sun (to go) down behind the hills when I (to reach) a
village which (to be) only a few miles from the sea. The
working day (to be) over, and the villagers (to come) home
from the fields. Along the road two boys (to drive) cows and
sheep in the direction of the village. I (to approach) a group
of people standing near the road and (to ask) them if I could
find a place in the village to spend the night. An old man (to
say) he would help me. He (to take) me to his small cottage
at the far end of the street. A fire (to burn) in the stove when
we (to enter) the house.
179
Сравните употребление Present Simple и Past Simple
и Present Continuous и Past Continuous
Упражнение 218
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present
Continuous, Past Continuous.
1. Where you (to be) yesterday? — I (to be) at home the
whole day. — How strange. I (to ring) you up at two o'clock,
but nobody (to answer). — Oh, I (to be) in the garden. I (to
read) your book and (not to hear) the telephone. 2. What you
(to do) at five o'clock yesterday? — I (to work) in the
library. — I (to be) there, too, but I (not to see) you. 3. Nina
(to celebrate) her birthday yesterday. Her room looked
beautiful, there (to be) many flowers in it. When I (to come)
in, somebody (to play) the piano, two or three pairs (to
dance). 4. Listen! Somebody (to play) the piano. 5. I (to like)
music very much. 6. When I (to look) out of the window, it
(to rain) heavily and people (to hurry) along the streets. 7.
What you (to do) at seven o'clock yesterday? — I (to have)
supper. 8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that
all my family (to sit) round the table. Father
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
(to read) a letter from my uncle, who (to live) in Kiev. 9.
Yesterday I (to work) at my English from five till seven. 10.
It (to rain) the whole day yesterday. 11. Where your sister (to
be) now? — She (to be) in her room. She (to do) her
homework. 12. He (to brush) his teeth at the moment. He (to
clean) them thoroughly morning and night. 13. Don't disturb
her while she (to sleep). 14. You (to talk) nonsense. You
never (to talk) sense. 15. My mother (to sit) in the sunlight
now and I (to set) the table.
He (to study) computer science. 16. What you (to do) at this
weekend? 17. When she (to open) the door, a man (to stand)
on the doorstep. It (to be) her uncle, but she (not to
recognize) him because he (to wear) dark glasses. 18. Last
night we (to go) to a cafe to meet our friends.
180
181
Сравните употребление всех изученных времен:
Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple;
Present, Past Continuous
Упражнение 219
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present
Continuous, Past Continuous.
1. We (to have) a postcard from them two days ago. They
(to say) they (to have) a marvellous time. 2. While she (to
shop) this morning, she (to lose) her money. She (not to
know) how. 3. They (to announce) our flight. We (to have) a
problem. One of our suitcases (to miss). 4. Who (to speak)
there? — I (not to know). 5. He (not to smoke). He (not to
smoke) now. When he (to be) at the office yesterday, he (not
to smoke), he (to work) hard. 6. When my sister (to wash)
her skirt, she (to find) a pound note in the pocket. 7. When
you (to learn) German? 8. We (to go) home now because it
(to be) late. 9. Who you (to wait) for? 10. Her car (to break)
down yesterday while she (to drive) to work. 11. When and
where it (to happen)? 12. She always (to wear) nice clothes
for work. Today she (to wear) a nice blouse and a dark skirt.
13. What she (to watch) at the moment? 14. I (to see) my
friend in the street yesterday, but he (to run) for a bus and he
(not to have) time to speak to me. 15. What your son (to do)?
—
Упражнение 220
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous.
1. Where your brother (to work)? — He (to work) at an
institute. 2. Your grandmother (to sleep) when you (to come)
home yesterday? 3. What your brother (to do) tomorrow? 4.
I (not to go) to the shop yesterday. I (to go) to the shop
tomorrow. 5. Where Kate (to go) when you (to meet)
her yesterday?
6. Look at these children: they (to skate) very well.
7. You (to skate) last Sunday? — Yes, we (to skate) the
whole day last Sunday. We (to skate) again next Sunday. 8.
My brother can skate very well. He (to skate) every Sunday.
9. What you (to do) now? — I (to wash) the dishes. 10. What
you (to do) at three o'clock yesterday? — I (to have) dinner.
11. You (to have) dinner now? 12. Every day the boss (to
enter) the office at nine o'clock. 13. Yesterday the boss (to
enter) the office at half past nine. 14. When the boss (to
come) tomorrow? 15. At six o'clock yesterday we (to listen)
to a very interesting lecture. 16. When I (to enter) the office,
the secretary (to type) some
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
letters. 17. My friend (to ring) me up at eight o'clock
.yesterday. 18. Look! My friends (to play) football. 19. Kate
(not to write) letters every day. 20. You (to see) your friend
yesterday? 21. Your father (to go) on a business trip last
month? 22. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 23. When Nick (to
get) up every morning? 24. Where your mother (to go)
tomorrow? 25. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place
tomorrow. 26. A disco, which (to take) place at the club last
weekend, (to keep) people awake half the night.
Спряжение глагола to write (писать)
182
Упражнение 221
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous.
1. I (to apply) for a visit visa and (to want) to make two
journeys to your country while the visa (to be) valid. 2. They
(to listen) to the news on the radio when the telephone (to
ring). 3. I (to look) for a nice pair of gloves. 4. My train (to
leave) in half an hour. — OK, I (to drive) you to the station
in my car. 5. I (to check) the battery? — Yes, please.
6. Nowadays cars (to get) more and more expensive.
7. He (to get) a higher salary. 8. A father and his son (to
travel) home in a car. It (to snow) and a strong wind (to
blow). As they (to go) over a bridge, they (to hear) a loud
bang and the father (to lose) control of the car. They (to be)
injured and their lives (to be) in great danger. A helicopter
(to take) the father and the boy to hospital and they (to be)
saved. Now, the happy father (to look) at his son and (to say)
to him, "I never (to drive) my car when it (to snow). I (to
promise) you. It (to be) very dangerous to drive when it (to
be) so slippery."
183
в Present Perfect Tense
(действие, совершившееся в прошлом,
связано с настоящим)
1 have written
Не has written
She has written
It has written
We have written
You have written
They have written
Have I written?
Yes,
Has he written?
Yes,
Has she written?
Yes,
Has it written?
Yes,
Have we written? Yes,
Have you written? Yes,
Have they written? Yes,
1 have not written
He has not written
She has not written
It has not written
We have not written
You have not written
They have not written
1 have.
No, 1 haven't.
he has.
No, he hasn't.
she has. No, she hasn't.
it has.
No, it hasn't.
we have. No, we haven't.
you have. No, you haven't.
No, they haven't.
they
have.
Запомните типичные для Present Perfect обстоятельства: already, not yet, just, ever, never.
Сравните также:
• I have bought a book today (this week, this month).
неистекший отрезок времени — Present Perfect
• I bought a book yesterday (last week, last month).
истекший отрезок времени — Past Simple
Запомните также следующие предложения:
I have never been to France.
Have you ever been to London?
I haven't seen you for ages.
I haven't met him for a long time.
I haven't been to Moscow since last year.
184
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 222
В- следующих предложениях измените время глагола
на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский
язык.
1. The pupils are writing a dictation. 2. My friend is
helping me to solve a difficult problem. 3. I am learning a
poem. 4. She is telling them an interesting story. 5. Kate is
sweeping the floor. 6. The waiter is putting a bottle of
lemonade in front of him. 7. I am eating my breakfast. 8. We
are drinking water. 9. He is bringing them some meat and
vegetables. 10. You are putting the dishes on the table. 11.
They are having tea. 12. She is taking the dirty plates from
the table. 13. The children are putting on their coats. 14.
Susan is making a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She
is opening a box of chocolates. 16. I am buying milk for
milk shakes. 17. James is ordering a bottle of apple juice. 18.
We are looking for more CDs with good music. 19. Are you
recording your favourite film on his video recorder? 20. I am
translating a difficult article from German into Russian.
Упражнение 223
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Continuous
или Present Perfect.
1. What are you (to do) here? — I am (to write) a letter to
my friends. 2. Who has (to write) this article? 3. What
language are you (to study)? 4. We have already (to learn) a
lot of English words. 5. What is she (to teach) them? 6. Who
has (to teach) you to do it? 7. He has just (to do) something
for us. 8. Have you (to find) the book? 9. What are you
Употребление времен
185
(to look) for? 10. What are you (to talk) about? 11. We have
just (to talk) about it. 12. He has just (to say) something
about it. 13. She is (to tell) them some interesting story. 14.
He has (to tell) us nothing about it. 15. She has (to tell) them
some stories about dogs. 16. We have (to have) two lessons
today. 17. They are (to have) a meeting. 18. She has not (to
speak) yet. 19. They have (to ask) me several questions. 20.
He has already (to learn) the rule. 21. I am (to write) an
exercise. 22. What is he (to do)? — He is (to read) a
newspaper. 23. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack
London? 24. I am (to answer) the telephone right now. 25.
He has (to fix) his car and now he is (not to have) any
trouble with the brakes anymore. 26. You have just (to hear)
tomorrow's weather forecast.
Упражнение 224
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме, так чтобы получить Present Continuous
или Present Perfect.
1. What's the matter? Why he (to stop)? 2. My cousin (to
look) for a job, but he (not to find) a job yet. 3. It (to be)
impossible for her to feel at home here. 4. What you (to
study) now? 5. They just (to give) you a pay rise. 6. Sophie
is busy. She (to knit) a sweater for her grandson. 7. You only
(to have) a piece of cake? You (not to eat) much. 8. People
(to plant) carrots and tomatoes now. 9. You (to go) to plant
tomatoes this year? 10. Johnny, who finally (to find) a new
job, (to give) a big party. 11. How long you (to be) sick? 12.
You (to see) any good movies recently? 13. What you (to
look) forward to? 14. Nancy (to look) forward to this
weekend. 15. She (to go) to read Shakespeare and she (not to
go) to
186
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
think about work. 16. Mike (to leave) for work yet?
17. They (to pay) their electric bill this month?
18. How long you (to know) each other? 19. Your car (to
make) strange noises. Is anything wrong? 20. The boy (to
do) his homework and (to take) a karate lesson now. 21. I (to
have) dinner with my friends at the moment and I am very
happy to see them again. 22. Jay never (to travel) overseas.
23. We always (to have) a dog and a cat. We love pets. 24.
Larry never (to own) a sports car.
Упражнение 225
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Perfect или Present Continuous.
1. Она все еще печатает свою статью. 2. Мы ее давно
не видели. 3. Бабушка с дедушкой уже навестили своих
внуков. 4. Сейчас они сидят в гостиной и разговаривают
о своей поездке. 5. Ты когда-нибудь был в Африке? 6.
Он все сделал для нее. Теперь он еще собирается купить
ей дом. 7. Концерт еще не начался, и мы сидим в зале и
обсуждаем свои проблемы. 8. Подожди меня! Я не взяла
деньги. 9. Я только что позавтракал. 10. Он уже
позавтракал. 11. Мы еще не завтракали. 12. Они все еще
пьют чай в столовой. 13. Я уже сделал свои уроки. 14.
Он все еще делает свои уроки. 15. У нас сегодня было
три урока. 16. У них только что было собрание. 17. Она
еще не читала этой книги. 18. Она все еще читает. 19.
Кто это написал? 20. Что вы ему написали? 21. Я только
что была у зубного врача и чувствую себя намного
лучше. 22. Он говорит неправду. Он не сделал уроки. 23.
Почему он не обедает? — Он все еще разговаривает со
своим другом по телефону. 24. Куда исчезла эта ленивая
кошка? — Она вон там, спит перед камином.
Употребление времен
187
Сравните употребление
Present Perfect и Past Simple
Упражнение 226
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple.
1. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in
France. 2. She (to live) there last year. 3. The rain (to stop)
and the sun is shining in the sky again. 4. The rain (to stop)
half an hour ago. 5. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 6. I (to buy) a
pair of gloves yesterday. 7. The wind (to blow) off the man's
hat, and he cannot catch it. 8. The weather (to change), and
we can go for a walk. 9. The wind (to change) in the
morning. 10. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 11. My
father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 12. I (to
see) Pete today. 13. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 14.
Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 15.1 just (to meet)
our teacher. 16. The children already (to decide) what to do
with the books. 17. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their
grandmother. 18. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see)
you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I
(to be) on a bus.
Упражнение 227
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple.
1. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early.
2. Where you (to spend) your holidays?
3. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea?
4. While travelling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend. 5. I
never (to visit) that place. 6. He (to visit) that place last year.
7.1 just (to get) a letter from
188
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Тот. 8. You (to take) any photographs while travelling .in
the south? 9. He (to be) abroad five years ago. 10. You (to
be) in the Caucasus last year? 11. They (to leave) England
when he (to be) still a child. 12. He (not yet to come) back.
13. He (to go) already? 14. When you (to see) him last? 15. I
(not to see) him for ages. 16. His health (to improve) greatly
since I (to see) him last. 17. You (to pass) your driving test
yet? — Yes, I (to pass) it in May, but I (not to buy) a car yet.
18. He already (to move). He (to find) a nice flat before
Christmas and he (to be) there two years.
Упражнение 228
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple.
1. I (not yet to eat) today. 2. He (not to eat) yesterday. 3.
You (to play) the piano yesterday? 4. You (to play) the piano
today? 5. What you (to prepare) for today? 6. Look at this
birdhouse. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last
Sunday. 7. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 8.
You (to see) Mary today? 9. When you (to see) Mary? — I
(to see) her last week. 10. Your mother (to promise) to take
you to the theatre? 11. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it
myself. 12. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. — When
he (to fall) ill? — He (to fall) ill yesterday. 13. I already (to
do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 14. I (to do) my
homework yesterday. 15. He just (to come) home. 16. He (to
come) home a minute ago. 17. Nick (to play) football
yesterday. 18. She already (to come) from school. Now she
is doing her homework. 19. I (to read) this book last year. 20.
I (to read) this book this year. 21. I never (to be) to
Washington. 22. You ever (to be) to New York? 23. You
ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano? 24. I (to invite) Linda
to the party. —
Употребление времен
189
When you (to see) her? — I (not to see) her for ages. I (to
call) her an hour ago.
Упражнение 229
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple.
1. She just (to go) out. 2. She (to leave) the room a
moment ago. 3. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 4. When
it all (to happen)? 5. The morning was cold and rainy, but
since ten o'clock the weather (to change) and now the sun is
shining brightly. 6. Show me the dress which you (to make).
7. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud (to cover) the sky.
I think it will start raining in a few minutes. 8. Oh, close the
window! Look, all my papers (to fall) on the floor because of
the wind. 9. When you (to open) the window? — I (to open)
it ten minutes ago. 10. The sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky
in the east is getting lighter every minute. 11. I (to see) you
walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 12. I
(not to read) the newspaper today. 13. It is very late, and
trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 14.
How many times you (to be) to St. Petersburg? 15. At last I
(to translate) this article: now I shall have a little rest. 16. We
(to go) to the country yesterday, but the rain (to spoil) all the
pleasure. 17. My watch was going in the morning, but now it
(to stop). 18. The lecture (not yet to begin) and the students
are talking in the classroom.
Упражнение 230
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect или Past Simple.
1. It (to be) very cold yesterday. 2. When you (to meet)
him? 3. I (not to see) him since 1997. 4. How
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
many mushrooms you (to gather)? 5. Where you (to put) the
newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere. 6.
The new school (to begin) working last year. 7. At last I (to
do) all my homework: now I shall go out. 8. The building of
the house (to begin) early in April. 9. The rain (to stop) but a
cold wind is still blowing. 10. We already (to solve) the
problem. 11. He (to come) a moment ago. 12. I never (to
speak) to him. 13. He just (to finish) his work. 14. You (to
make) any spelling mistakes in your dictation? 15. What
books you (to read) when you (to live) in the country? 16.
They (not yet to come) from the south. 17. He (to be) ill last
week, but now he (to recover). 18. If everybody (to read) this
new novel, let's discuss it. 19. You (to book) tickets? — Yes,
I ... . I (to book) them several days ago. 20. I can hardly
recognize you. I (not to see) you since you (to leave) for
Moscow. And you (to change) so much.
21. You (to read) all the books on this shelf?
22. I (not to see) my cousin since last year. 23. Why
you (to put) these things in the wrong place?
24. Why you (to leave) the door open? You will catch
cold sitting in the draught. 25. "We (not to meet)
for such a long time!" said my friend. "Yes, indeed,"
I answered, "and we both (to grow)."
already. I (to work) at my report. — And when you (to
write) your composition? — I (to finish) it two days ago. 2. I
say, Tom, let's have dinner. — No, thank you, I already (to
have) dinner. 3. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to
rain)? — No, it (to stop) raining. 4. Please give me a pencil, I
(to lose) mine. 5. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday. 6. Nina
just (to finish) work. 7. Where Sergei (to be)? — He (to go)
home. He (to leave) the room a minute ago. 8. What you (to
read) now? — I (to read) "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte. 9.
They (to read) "Ivanhoe" by Walter Scott a month ago. What
about you? You (to read) "Ivanhoe"? 10. My watch (to stop).
There (to be) something wrong with it. 11. You (to see) Jack
today? — Yes, I (to see) him at the institute. 12. You (to
hear) the new symphony by M.? — Yes, I ... . — When you
(to hear) it? — I (to hear) it last Sunday. 13. You (to change)
so much. Anything (to happen)?
190
Сравните употребление Present Perfect,
Present Continuous и Past Simple
Упражнение 231
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect, Present Continuous, Present Simple или Past
Simple.
1. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to
write) your composition? — No, I (to write) it
191
Сравните употребление
Present Perfect, Present Continuous,
Past Simple и Past Continuous
Упражнение 232
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect, Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple
или Past Continuous.
1. With whom you (to discuss) this question yesterday?
2. I (to see) this film this week. I like it very much. 3. When
I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at
the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner. 4.
As soon as I (to hear) a cry, I (to run) out of the room and (to
see) that a child (to lie) on the ground and (to cry). "What (to
happen)? Why you (to cry)? You (to hurt) yourself?" I
asked. 5. They (to go) to the Hermitage
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
last week. 6. They (to be) to the Hermitage twice this week.
7. After school yesterday he (to come) home, (to have)
dinner, (to read) an article from the latest magazine and (to
begin) doing his homework.
8. When your friend (to return) from the south? — She (to
return) yesterday. — You (to go) to the station to meet her?
— No, I ..., I (to be) too busy.
9. Your brother (to return) from the north? — Yes, he (to
come) a few days ago. 10. You (to be) to the Crimea? When
you (to be) there? — I (to be) there in 2005. 11. Where (to
be) your brother? — He just (to come) home. He (to take) a
shower in the bathroom now. 12. As soon as I (to see) him, I
(to understand) that he (to work) hard. He (to write) something and (not to notice) anything. 13. When I (to come)
home yesterday, the children (to run) and (to sing) merrily.
"We (to learn) a new song!" they cried. 14. When the young
man (to enter) the room, she (to look) at him in surprise.
"What you (to want) to tell me?" she (to say). "Why you (to
come)?" 15. It (to rain) hard when I (to leave) home
yesterday, so I (to return), (to put) on my raincoat and (to
start) again. 16. You (to work) right now? — Yes, I (to
prepare) for the English exams. 17. Have a look! That (to be)
the Golden Gate Bridge on your left. — Oh, it (to be)
beautiful. I just (to take) a picture of it. 18. Where you (to
learn) the news? 19. They already (to think) of everything?
They (to buy) a lot of food? — Yes, Mark just (to order) ten
bottles of Coke and four kinds of mineral water. He (to mention) peanuts, but he (not to order) any. He (to think) of tea
and fancy cakes. The shop (to charge) everything to Mark's
credit card. 20. Why you (to shiver)? — I (to shiver) because
I (to be) cold. 21.1 (to sprain) my ankle again. 22. A worldfamous violinist (to play) on tonight's concert. 23. The
children (to play) with their train set the whole evening
yesterday.
Спряжение глагола to write (писать)
192
193
в Past Perfect Tense (предпрошедшее время)
1 had written
1 had not written
He had written
She had written
It had written
We had written
You had written
They had written
He had not written
She had not written
It had not written
We had not written
You had not written
They had not written
Had 1 written?
Yes, 1 had.
No, 1 hadn't.
Had he written?
Had she written?
Had it written?
Had we written?
Had you written?
Had they written?
Yes, he had.
Yes, she had.
Yes, it had.
Yes, we had.
Yes, you had.
Yes, they had.
No, he hadn't.
No, she hadn't.
No, it hadn't.
No, we hadn't.
No, you hadn't.
No, they hadn't.
Сравните употребление
Past Simple и Past Perfect
Упражнение 233
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Perfect.
1. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock.
2. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock.
3. I (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock.
4. I (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock. 5. He (to
think) that he (to lose) the money. 6. Ann (to tell) me that
she (to see) an interesting film. 7. When I (to come) home,
mother already (to cook) dinner. 8. When father (to return)
from work, we already (to do) our homework. 9. When the
teacher (to en7 Ю.Голицынский
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
ter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books.
10. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day
before. 11. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he
(to draw). 12. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he
(to bring) from the field. 13. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to
wash) his hands. 14. The teacher (to understand) that Lena
(not to do) her homework. 15. I (to know) that my friend (not
yet to come). 16. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father
already (to go) to work. 17. Nick (to think) that his father
(not yet to come) home. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to
cook) a good dinner. 19. Yesterday I (to find) the book
which I (to lose) in summer. 20. When we (to come) to the
station, the train already (to leave).
French before he (to enter) the university. 13. Lanny (to say)
that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 14. The boy (to
want) to act the main part in the play because he (to
organize) the theatre. 15. Lanny (not to know) who (to
attack) him in the darkness. 16. The girl (to be) glad that she
(to find) a seat near the window. 17. Suddenly he (to
remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 18. By
the time the train (to reach) the city, he (to make) friends
with many passengers. 19. When my uncle (to leave), he (to
hurry) to the station to book a ticket. 20. She (to think) that
Gert and Lanny (to quarrel).
194
Упражнение 234
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
или Past Perfect.
1. By two o'clock the teacher (to examine) all the
students. 2. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to
leave) my report at home. 3. All my friends (to be) glad to
hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully. 4. Poor
Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave)
him. 5. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to
remember what (to happen) to him. 6. All the passengers (to
see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his
life. 7. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return)
home. 8. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village
where he (to live) in his childhood. 9. When they (to enter)
the hall, the performance already (to begin). 10. When I
came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a
letter from grandfather. 11. Where you (to work) before you
(to enter) the institute? 12. He (to study)
195
Сравните употребление Past
Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect
Упражнение 235
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple,
Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
1. By eight o'clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and
at eight I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o'clock father (to
come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine
o'clock yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at
nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat)
an ice cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5.
When father (to come) home, we (to cook) the mushrooms
which we (to gather) in the wood. 6. When I (to see) Ann,
she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 7.
When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little
brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 8.
When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that
the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a
dictation. 9. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a
book which she (to bring) from the library. 10. When mother
(to
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to
cook) in the morning. 11. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still
(to learn) the poem which he (to begin) learning at school.
12. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to
play) with a ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 13. By
ten o'clock the children (to settle) comfortably on the sofa
and at ten they (to watch) a film on TV.
paper. 2. He (not to tell) me that he (to receive) a telegram
from her. 3. I (to ask) him if he (to know) where she (to
live). I (to say) I (not to know) her address. 4. He (to ask) me
if I (can) give him your address. 5. She (to say) that he (to
give) her the wrong address. 6. I (to ask) him where he (to
put) my letter. 7. He (to tell) us that they (to spend) all the
money. 8. I (to sit) in an armchair and (to think) of my
coming trip across the North Sea when the door suddenly (to
open) and an old friend of mine whom I (not to see) for a
very long time (to enter) the room. 9. She (to come) to see us
just at the time when we (to have) dinner. It (to be) the first
time I (to see) her. 10. I (to see) him just as he (to leave) the
hotel. 11. I (not to see) him before we (to meet) at the concert. 12. He (to leave) the house before I (to have) time to
ask him anything. 13. After spending several days in Paris he
(to feel) lonely and (to want) to return home. 14.1 (to think)
he already (to go) home. 15. I (to find) the old man in the
garden. He (to talk) to some children who (to stand) around
listening to him. 16. He (to speak) a language we never (to
hear) before. 17. He (to tell) me he (to learn) it from the
newspaper. 18. He (to enter) the room, (to take) something
from the desk and (to go) out.
196
Упражнение 236
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple,
Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
Last night we (to go) to a football match. We (to take) a
bus. The bus (to be) overcrowded as many people (to want)
to see the match. We (to get) off the bus and (to go) in the
direction of the stadium. While we (to cross) the road, I (to
see) Victor. He (to stand) at the corner. He said he (to wait)
for his friend who (to come) to St. Petersburg the day before
and (to wish) to see the new stadium. A man (to come) up to
me and asked if I (to have) a spare ticket for the match.
Victor told us that two boys just (to ask) him whether he (to
have) a spare ticket. We (to enter) the stadium just as the
football players (to come) out on to the field. At the entrance
to the stadium we (to meet) Sergei. He (to show) us to our
seats and (to ask) me if I (to play) football in my childhood.
We (to agree) to meet in the snack bar during the interval.
Упражнение 237
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple,
Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
1. There (to be) two men in the room. One of them (to
write) something while the other (to read) a news-
197
Упражнение 238
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple,
Past Continuous u Past Perfect.
1. I (to return) to the hotel only late at night as I (to lose)
my way in the fog. When I (to come) up to my room, I (to
see) Pete who (to stand) at the door of the room. He (to wait)
for me as he (to lose) his key and could not get in. 2. When I
(to wake) up, it (to be) already ten o'clock. I (to call) my
brother. Nobody (to answer). He already (to leave). 3. I (to
198
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
go) up to the open window. The rain (to stop) and the sun (to
shine) brightly. The birds in the garden (to sing). The
morning (to be) fine. 4. When the rain (to stop) I (to look)
out of the window and (to see) John who (to stand) under a
tree waiting for me. 5. When I called at his house, they (to
tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before. 6. When I came to
the station, I (not to find) my friend there as I (to be) five
minutes late and the train (to leave). 7. He (to want) to visit
the place where he (to live) in his childhood. 8. The telegram
(to come) some minutes after he (to leave). 9. She (to look)
very tired as she (to work) hard.
Сравните употребление всех изученных времен,
соответствующих русскому прошедшему времени
Упражнение 239
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.
1. He (to come) home late yesterday. 2. She is very glad:
she (to finish) her composition at last. 3. He (to translate) the
whole text by eleven o'clock. 4. I never (to be) to Rome. 5.
Last year we (to work) very much. 6. When I (to have)
breakfast, I went to school. 7. I (not to see) you for ages! I
am very glad to see you. 8. When you (to see) the "Swan
Lake"?
9. My sister already (to graduate) from the university.
10. He repaired the toy which his brother (to break)
the day before. 11. I (to see) an interesting TV pro
gramme this week. 12. You ever (to be) to Trafalgar
Square? 13. They (to cook) the whole day yesterday.
14. I just (to see) Jack. 15. She (to wash) the dishes
from five till six. 16. Look! She (to draw) a very nice
Употребление времен
199
picture. 17. At this time yesterday I (to talk) to my friend.
18. The TV programme (to begin) before I (to come) home.
19. I (not to eat) ice cream since summer. 20. I understood
that she (not to read) my letter. 21. She (to do) the rooms
when I (to come) home. 22. It's all right: she (to find) the
way out of the situation.
Упражнение 240
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.
1. Last summer we (to live) in the country and (to go) to
the river every day. 2. My sister (to spend) a lot of money
yesterday. 3. She is so upset: she (to lose) the key to the front
door. 4. By the 1st of September all the children (to return)
from the country. 5. Columbus (to discover) America 500
years ago. 6. Columbus (not to know) that he (to discover)
America. 7. I already (to read) five English books. 8. He (to
discuss) the problem with a lot of people before he (to take) a
decision. 9. Mother (to bake) a delicious cake! Sit down at
the table and let's eat it! 10. She (to read) an English book the
whole evening yesterday. 11.1 never (to be) to Greece. 12.
They (to tell) me yesterday that you (to get) an excellent
mark. 13. When you (to receive) a letter from your friend?
14. Our grandmother (to cook) dinner from twelve till three
yesterday. 15. Look! What beautiful flowers she (to buy)! 16.
They (to travel) along the coast of Africa last year. 17. We
(not to see) each other for ages. 18. They (to eat) all the
apples which I (to bring). 19. When the children (to have)
dinner, they (to go) for a walk. 20. You ever (to be) to the
Niagara Falls? 21. At this time yesterday they (to
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
sit) on the sofa and (to listen) to their grandmother who (to
tell) them fairy tales. 22. My friend just (to ring) me up from
London. 23.1 (to stand) at the tram stop when it (to begin)
raining. 24. We (not to skate) since last winter.
Упражнения на все изученные времена
200
Упражнение 241
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.
1. She is very happy: her son (to finish) school. 2. My
brother (to train) at the stadium from six till eight yesterday.
3. My sister (to buy) a pair of nice model shoes this month.
4. I (not to dance) for ages. 5. When Nick (to come) from
school, his friends (to play) in the yard. 6. When your sister
(to go) to London? 7. My friend just (to recover) after a
serious illness. 8. I never (to be) to the Bahamas. 9. At this
time yesterday we (to talk) about you. 10.1 (to speak) to my
friend yesterday. 11. Look! Kate (to wash) all the dishes. 12.
Your mother (to return) from work? Can I speak to her? 13.
She (to do) her flat the whole day on Saturday. 14. The cat
(to drink) all the milk which I (to give) it. 15. You ever (to
be) to Piccadilly Circus? 16. He (not to read) Turgenev since
he was a pupil. 17. They (to reach) the river by sunset.
18. I (not yet to receive) an answer to my letter.
19. Only when she was going to bed, she remembered that
she (to forget) to ring up her friend. 20. We already (to
study) seven English tenses. 21. He (to spend) two weeks in
Scotland two years ago. 22. I (to buy) a lovely fashionable
dress. Now I shall look smart at the party. 23. He (to learn)
English before he (to go) to the USA. 24. When she (to
spend) all her money, she (to go) home.
201
Упражнение 242
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. My friend (to like) pies. He (to eat) pies every day.
When I (to meet) him in the street yesterday, he (to eat) a
pie. He (to tell) me that he (to buy) that pie at the corner of
the street. Look at my friend now! He (to eat) a pie again. 2.
I always (to come) to school at a quarter to nine. 3.
Yesterday I (to come) to school at ten minutes to nine. 4.
Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to the cinema because he (to go)
to the cinema yesterday. He already (to be) to the cinema
this week. He (to stay) at home and (to play) a computer
game. 5. What your brother (to do) now? 6. My father (to
work) in an office. It (to be) Sunday now. He (not to work),
he (to read) at home. 7. I (not to see) you for a while! You
(to be) busy at work? — I (to have) an awful week, you (to
know). 8. What he (to do) at ten o'clock last night? — He
(not to do) anything really. He just (to look) at some
magazines. 9. We (to have) rather a difficult time at the
moment. — I (to be) sorry to hear that. 10. Something awful
(to happen). Her little daughter (to swallow) a coin. 11. She
(to ask) me if I (to see) her backpack. 12. After the boys (to
do) all the work, they (to go) to the pictures.
Упражнение 243
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. We (to bring) a lot of berries from the wood. Now we
shall make jam. 2. Look! Jane (to swim)
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
across the river. 3. What you (to do) at six o'clock yesterday?
4. You ever (to see) the Pyramids? 5.1 (to go) to the
Caucasus two years ago. 6. We (to go) to school every day.
7. Nick (to do) his homework by seven o'clock yesterday. 8.
You (to help) your father tomorrow? 9. When Nick (to
come) home yesterday, his mother (to return) and (to cook)
dinner in the kitchen. 10. When I (to go) to school yesterday,
I suddenly (to remember) that I (to forget) to take my English exercise book. 11. Yesterday grandfather (to tell) us
how he (to work) at the factory during the war.
12. When Mr. and Mrs. Smith (to arrive) home, they (to
discover) that someone (to break) into their house. Their
video recorder and television (to disappear). They (not to
know) what they (to do) to deserve this bad luck.
13. The man (to get) off the bus without paying while the
conductor (to collect) fares upstairs.
6. I (to lose) my key when I (to play) in the yard yesterday.
7. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 8. Where you
usually (to take) books for reading?
202
Упражнение 244
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Don't go to Nick's place now, he (to work). He (to
finish) his homework at seven o'clock. If you (to come) after
seven, he (to be) very glad. 2. Pete (to go) to the cinema? —
Yes, I (to think) so. He usually (to play) in the yard at this
time, and now he (not to be) there. 3. He (to read) a book at
five o'clock yesterday. 4. You (to go) for a walk with me? —
I (to be) sorry, I can't. I (to do) my homework. I (not yet to
write) the English exercise. If you (to wait) for me, I (to go)
with you in half an hour. I (to want) to go for a walk very
much, because I (not to go) for a walk yesterday. 5.
Yesterday the children (to do) all their homework before
mother (to come) home, and when she (to come), they (to
play) with the cat.
203
Упражнение 245
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Mike (to eat) ice cream every day. Look, he (to eat) ice
cream now. When I (to see) him in the morning, he (to eat)
ice cream, too. He (to say) he (to eat) one ice cream already
by that time. I think he (to fall) ill if he (to eat) so much ice
cream. 2. They (to walk) along the street and (to talk).
Suddenly Nick (to stop) and (to say), "Oh, what shall we do?
I (to lose) the key to the door." "If you (not to find) it," said
Pete, "we (to have) to wait for mother in the street." 3. When
I (to come) to the station yesterday, I (to learn) that my train
already (to leave).
4. What he (to do) when you (to see) him yesterday?
5. I (to give) you this book as soon as I (to finish) reading it.
6. When the ship (to cross) the ocean, a great storm (to
break) out. 7. I never (to hear) of her. 8. To whom you just
(to write)?
Упражнение 246
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Let's go for a walk. The rain (to stop) and the sun (to
shine). 2. If you (to help) me, I (to do) this work well. 3. I
always (to get) up at eight o'clock, but tomorrow I (to get) up
a little later. 4. What you (to read) now? — I (to read) Tom's
book. I (to be) in a hurry.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
Tom soon (to come), and I (to want) to finish reading thebook before he (to come). 5. As soon as you (to see) your
friend, tell him that I (to want) to see him. 6. When I (to
come) home yesterday, my brother (to sleep). 7. When you
(to come) to see us? — I (to come) tomorrow if I (not to be)
busy. 8. I (not to like) apples. 9. He (to come) home at five
o'clock yesterday. 10. I (to ring) you up as soon as I (to
come) home tomorrow. 11. I (to show) you my work if you
(to like). 12. He (to come) home by six o'clock yesterday. 13.
Pete certainly (to help) you with your English if you (to ask)
him. 14. This little boy never (to see) a crocodile. 15. Send
me a telegram as soon as you (to arrive). 16. He (to know)
the results before we (to meet).
the book by that time. 6. As soon as I (to receive) a letter, I
shall go to Moscow. 7. By six o'clock we already (to make)
arrangements to take the early train.
204
Упражнение 247
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Yesterday I (to put) five apples into the vase. Where
they (to be) now? — I (to eat) them. You (to bring) some
more tomorrow? — Yes, if you (not to make) noise when
granny (to sleep). 2. You ever (to be) to the Hermitage? 3.
What Nick (to do) when you (to ring) him up yesterday? —
He (to play) the piano. He (to tell) me that he already (to
write) his composition. 4. Why she (to sleep) now? It (to be)
too early. She never (to sleep) at this time. 5. You (to go) to
the library tomorrow? — No, I already (to be) to the library
this week. I (to be) there on Monday. As a rule, I (to go) to
the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I (not to go)
there, because I (not to read) the book. I (to read) it now. I
(to go) to the library on Saturday if I (to finish)
205
Упражнение 248
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Autumn (to come). It (to be) November now. It (to get)
colder, the days (to get) shorter. It often (to rain). Soon it (to
be) very cold. 2. When I (to do) my homework yesterday, I
quickly (to run) to the yard, because my friends (to wait) for
me there. 3. We (to have) a good time last summer. 4. What
you (to learn) for today? — I (to be) sorry, I (not to prepare)
my lesson. I (to be) ill yesterday and (not to know) what to
do. I (to prepare) my lesson tomorrow. — If you (not to
prepare) your lesson tomorrow, you (to get) a bad mark. 5.
What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? 6. Mike always
(to do) his homework in the evening, but today he (to begin)
doing it as soon as he comes from school, because his father
(to promise) to take him to the theatre. 7. When Mary (to
come) home, her brother (to read) the book which she (to
bring) him two days before.
Упражнение 249
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Present Continuous, Past Continuous; Present
Perfect, Past Perfect.
1. Hello! Where you (to go)? — Nowhere in particular. I
just (to take) a walk. 2. Our students (to do) all kinds of
exercises and now they (to be) sure
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
that they (to know) this rule well. They (to hope) they .(to
make) no mistakes in the paper. 3. The expedition (to cover)
hundreds of kilometres, but they still (to be) far from their
destination. 4. You (to go) to Great Britain next year? 5.
Yesterday Nick (to say) that he (to read) much during his
summer vacation. 6. At the age of twenty my father (to
combine) work and study. 7. A great number of students (to
study) in the reading room when I (to enter) it last night. 8.
The storm (to rage) the whole night, and the sailors (to try) to
do their best to save the ship. 9. Mike's friends could hardly
recognize him as he (to change) greatly after his expedition
to the Antarctic. 10. When I (to enter) the hall, the students
(to listen) to a very interesting lecture in history.
and (to sit) down at the same table with me. When I (to
finish) my lunch and (to be) ready to leave, I absentmindedly (to take) her umbrella and (to start) for the exit.
She (to stop) me saying that I (to take) her umbrella. I (to
return) the umbrella with many apologies. In the evening I
(to go) to the umbrella maker, (to take) my five umbrellas
and (to get) on the tram to go home. It so happened that the
woman I (to meet) at the cafe (to ride) in the same tram.
When she (to see) me with my five umbrellas, she (to say),
"You (to have) a successful day today, (to have not) you?"
206
Упражнение 250
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Future
Simple; Past Continuous; Present Perfect, Past Perfect.
It was eight o'clock in the morning and time for me to go
to work. I (to look) out of the window. It (to rain) hard. "You
(to get) wet through if you (to go) out now," said my mother.
"No, I ... ," I answered, "I (to take) an umbrella." We (to
have) five umbrellas in the house, but when I (to want) to
take one, I (to find) that there (to be) not one that I could use:
they all (to be) torn or broken. So I (to take) them all and (to
carry) them to the umbrella maker, saying that I would call
for the umbrellas on my way home in the evening. When I
(to go) to have lunch in the afternoon, it still (to rain) very
hard. I (to go) to the nearest cafe, and (to sit) down at a table.
A few minutes later a young woman (to come) in
207
Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в
Future Continuous Tense (Future
Progressive Tense)
(действие в процессе, будет совершаться в
определенный момент в будущем)
1 shall be writing Не
will be writing She
will be writing It will
be writing
We shall be writing
You will be writing
They will be writing
Shall 1 be writing?
Will he be writing?
Will she be writing?
Will it be writing?
Shall we be writing?
Will you be writing?
Will they be writing?
1 shall not be writing He
will not be writing She
will not be writing It will
not be writing
We shall not be writing
You will not be writing
They will not be writing
Yes, 1 shall.
Yes, he will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, we shall.
Yes, you will.
Yes, they will.
No, 1 shan't.
No, he won't.
No, she won't.
No, it won't.
No, we shan't.
No, you won't.
No, they won't.
208
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в
Future Perfect Tense
(действие уже совершится к
определенному моменту в будущем)
1 shall have written Не
will have written She
will have written It will
have written
We shall have written
You will have written
They will have written
1 shall not have written He
will not have written She
will not have written It will
not have written
We shall not have written
You will not have written
They will not have written
Shall 1 have written?
Will he have written?
Will she have written?
Will it have written?
Shall we have written?
Will you have written?
Will they have written?
Yes, 1 shall.
Yes, he will.
Yes, she will.
Yes, it will.
Yes, we shall.
Yes, you will.
Yes, they will.
No, 1 shan't.
No, he won't.
No, she won't.
No, it won't.
No, we shan't.
No, you won't.
No, they won't.
Сравните употребление трех будущих времен:
Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect
Упражнение 251
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous или
Future Perfect.
1. I (to do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (to do) my
homework at six o'clock tomorrow. 3. I (to do) my
homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 4. Tomorrow I (to
begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I
(to do) my homework from three till
Употребление времен
209
six. My father (to come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow. I
(to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we (to
go) for a walk together. 5. When I come home tomorrow, my
family (to have) supper. 6. When you come to my place
tomorrow, I (to read) your book. I (to do) my homework by
the time you come. 7. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I
(to write) a composition the whole evening. 8. I (not to go)
to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening.
9. What you (to do) tomorrow?
10. What you (to do) at eight o'clock tomorrow?
11. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 12. You (to do) this
work by next Sunday? 13. When you (to go) to see your
friend next time? 14. How many pages you (to read) by five
o'clock tomorrow?
Спряжение глагола to write (писать) в Present
Perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect
Progressive Tense)
(действие началось в прошлом, длилось вплоть
до настоящего и продолжается в настоящем)
1 have been writing Не
has been writing She
has been writing It has
been writing
We have been writing
You have been writing
They have been writing
Have 1 been writing?
Has he been writing?
Has she been writing?
Has it been writing?
Have we been writing?
Have you been writing?
Have they been writing?
1 have not been writing He
has not been writing She
has not been writing It has
not been writing
We have not been writing
You have not been writing
They have not been writing
Yes, 1 have.
Yes, he has.
Yes, she has.
Yes, it has.
Yes, we have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, they have
No, 1 haven't.
No, he hasn't.
No, she hasn't.
No, it hasn't.
No, we haven't.
No, you haven't.
No, they haven't.
210
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИИ
Употребление времен
Сравните следующие предложения:
Сравните следующие предложения:
Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге.
Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге с детства.
Она делает уроки.
Она делает уроки с
утра.
1 live in St. Petersburg.
1 am still working
Я все еще ра-
211
Present Con-
ботаю над до- tinuous
кладом.
1 have already
Я уже 3 чаPresent Perbeen working at my са работаю над
fect Continureport for three докладом.
ous
hours.
at my report.
1 have been living in
St. Petersburg since childhood.
She is doing her homework.
She has been doing her
homework since morning.
Упражнение 253
Упражнение 252
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple, Present Continuous или Present Perfect
Continuous.
1. а) Мой папа работает в институте.
b) Мой папа работает в институте с 1995 года.
2. а) Моя бабушка готовит обед. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Моя
бабушка готовит обед с двух часов.
3. а) Моя сестра спит.
Ь) Моя сестра спит с пяти часов.
4. а) Мама убирает квартиру. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь)
Мама убирает квартиру с утра.
5. а) Дедушка смотрит телевизор. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь)
Дедушка смотрит телевизор с шести часов.
6. а) Мой дядя пишет стихи.
Ь) Мой дядя пишет стихи с детства.
7. а) Она читает. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Она
читает с утра.
8. а) Они играют в волейбол. (СЕЙЧАС) Ь) Они
играют в волейбол с трех часов.
9. а) Мы изучаем английский язык.
Ь) Мы изучаем английский язык с 1998 года.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Continuous или в Present Perfect Continuous.
1. а) Она все еще изучает испанский язык.
Ь) Она уже два года изучает испанский язык.
2. а) Они все еще живут на даче.
Ь) Они уже четыре месяца живут на даче.
3. а) Она все еще разговаривает по телефону. Ь) Она
разговаривает по телефону уже двадцать минут.
4. а) Мой брат все еще решает эту трудную задачу. Ь) Он решает эту задачу уже полчаса.
5. а) Она все еще пишет письмо бабушке. Ь) Она уже
целый час пишет это письмо.
6. а) Они все еще ловят рыбу.
Ь) Они ловят рыбу уже пять часов.
7. а) Дедушка и бабушка все еще играют в лото. Ь)
Они играют в лото уже два часа.
8. а) Они все еще спорят.
Ь) Они спорят уже два часа.
9. а) Она еще спит.
Ь) Она спит уже два часа.
212
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
10. а) Он еще делает уроки.
Ь) Он делает уроки уже три часа.
11. а) Мальчики все еще играют в футбол.
Ь) Они играют в футбол уже сорок минут.
12. а) Девочки еще переодеваются.
Ь) Они переодеваются уже полчаса.
13. а) Артисты все еще репетируют эту сцену. Ь) Они
репетируют эту сцену уже три часа.
14. а) Дети все еще бегают во дворе.
Ь) Они уже три часа бегают во дворе.
15. а) Он все еще пишет свою новую книгу.
Ь) Он пишет свою новую книгу уже два года.
16. а) Он все еще учит монолог Гамлета.
Ь) Он учит монолог Гамлета уже два дня.
17. а) Мы все еще ремонтируем нашу квартиру.
Ь) Мы ремонтируем нашу квартиру уже пол
месяца.
Сравните употребление всех времен Present
Упражнение 254
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из
следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous,
Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.
1. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to
write) books since he was a young man. He already (to
write) eight books. 2. What you (to do) here since morning?
3. Lena is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother
about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since
morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the
furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 4. He (to run)
now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 5. What
they (to do) now? — They (to work) in the reading room.
They (to work) there for three hours already. 6. Where he (to
be) now? — He (to be) in
Употребление времен
213
the garden. He (to play) volleyball with his friends. They (to
play) since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I
(to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 8. This is the factory
where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen
years. 9. You (to find) your notebook? — No! I still (to look)
for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to
find) it. 10. You (to play) with a ball for three hours already.
Go home and do your homework.
11. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already.
12. I (to wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month
already, but (not yet to receive) it. 13. She already (to do) her
homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it.
14.1 (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 15. What you (to
do)? — I (to read). I (to read) for two hours already. I
already (to read) sixty pages. 16. It is difficult for me to
speak about this opera as I (not to hear) it. 17. I just (to
receive) a letter from my granny, but I (not yet to receive)
any letters from my parents. 18. The weather (to be) fine
today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up. 19. Every day
I (to wind) up my watch at 10 o'clock in the evening. 20.
Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for
you a long time. 21. Where your gloves (to be)? — I (to put)
them into my pocket. 22. I (to stay) with some American
friends in Chicago. I (to stay) with them for two weeks now.
I (to have) a great time here. I (to take) the opportunity to
improve my English. I already (to see) the towering
skyscrapers of Chicago which are reflected in the rippling
water of Lake Michigan. I just (to take) a picture of
Chicago's Sears Tower which (to rise) 1,707 feet and (to
provide) a panoramic view from the skydeck. 23. I (to go) to
give that cat some food. I (to be) sure it (to starve). — But
Jane already (to feed) the cat. You needn't do it.
214
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Глаголы, не имеющие форм Continuous,
следует употреблять в Present Perfect.
Сравните следующие пары предложений:
Я знаю его. Я знаю его
уже три года.
1 know him.
1 have known him for
three years.
1 want to go to London.
Я хочу поехать в Лон1 have always wanted
дон.
Я всегда хотел поехать в to go to London.
Лондон (и сейчас хочу).
Она больна. Она
больна уже две недели.
She is ill.
She has been ill for two
weeks.
Он предпочитает класHe prefers classical music.
сическую музыку.
He has always preferred
Он всегда предпочитал classical music.
классическую музыку (и
сейчас предпочитает).
Она любит кошек. Она
всегда любила кошек (и
сейчас любит).
She likes cats.
She has always liked
cats.
Упражнение 255
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или
Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Мы знаем друг друга уже четыре года. 2. Я всегда
хотел изучать английский язык. 3. Где Нина? — Она уже
два часа дома. 4. Где дети? — Они все еще играют во
дворе. 5. Мой брат уже три года инженер. 6. Мой друг
знает английский с дет-
Употребление времен
215
ства. 7. Я уже полчаса наблюдаю за тобой. 8. Ваш брат
еще болен? — Нет, он уже поправился. Он уже три дня
занимается физикой. Он хочет получить отличную
оценку на экзамене. 9. Мне уже давно хочется прочесть
эту книгу. 10. Я уже двадцать минут пытаюсь найти мою
старую тетрадь.
11. Они уже десять лет живут в Нью Йорке.
12. Моя тетя — артистка. Она всегда любила театр. 13.
Ваш папа уже вернулся с севера? — Да, он уже две
недели дома. 14. Я уже три дня об этом думаю. 15. Моя
сестра пьет кофе с молоком. А я всегда предпочитал
черный кофе. 16. Мы очень рады вас видеть. Мы вас
ждали целый месяц. 17. Вы все еще читаете эту книгу?
Сколько времени вы ее уже читаете? 18. Моя сестра
занимается музыкой уже пять лет. 19. Я ищу тебя весь
вечер. Где ты был все это время? 20. Они пишут
сочинение уже два часа.
Будущее в прошедшем
Не забудьте, что если главное предложение стоит в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном вместо будущих времен должны употребляться соответствующие будущие-в-прошедшем
времена.
Спряжение глагола to write (писать)
в Future-in-the-Past Simple Tense
(Не knew that)
(He thought that)
1 should write
he would write
she would write
it would write
1 should not write
he would not write
she would not write
it would not write
we should write
you would write
they would write
we should not write
you would not write
they would not write
216
ГРАММАТИКА, СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Спряжение глагола to write (писать)
в Future-in-the-Past Continuous Tense
(Не said that)
I should be writing he
would be writing she
would be writing it
would be writing
(He supposed that)
I should not be writing he
would not be writing she
would not be writing it
would not be writing
we should be writing
you would be writing
they would be writing
we should not be writing
you would not be writing
they would not be writing
(He was sure that)
(He guessed that)
Спряжение глагола to write (писать)
в Future-in-the-Past Perfect Tense
I should have written he
would have written she
would have written it
would have written
I should not have written he
would not have written she
would not have written it
would not have written
we should have written we should not have written
you would have written you would not have written
they would have written they would not have written
Упражнение 256
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем
времени.
1. I am afraid I shall be late. 2. Do you think we shall
pick all the apples in three days? 3. He hopes you will often
visit him. 4. They expect he will be at
Употребление времен
217
home in a few days. 5. Are you afraid we shan't be in time?
6. She promises that she will finish the work in a week. 7. I
think Henry will help us. 8. I hope we'll enjoy the show. 9.
She expects he'll win the race.
Упражнение 257
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future
Simple или Future-in-the-Past Simple.
1. I know we (not to be) late. 2. I knew we (not to be)
late. 3. I want to know whether he (to be) at home. 4. I
wanted to know whether he (to be) at home. 5. "When you
(to be) ready?" he asked. 6. He asked when I (to be) ready. 7.
I can't say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to
do) his best.
8. He asked me whether he (to see) Olga there.
9. Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that?
10. I was afraid he (to say), "I don't think I (to be)
able to come." 11. I did not know what he (to speak)
about. 12.1 knew your aunt (to bake) special cookies
for all her nieces and nephews.
Упражнение 258
Употребите следующие предложения как прида
точные дополнительные. В роли главных предложений
используйте предложения, данные в скобках.
(I supposed; He believed; She was sure; We were told; I
heard; She said; He understood; She imagined; The letter
said.)
• E.g. My brother will be sleeping.
I supposed that my brother would be sleeping.
1. He will solve the problem in no time. 2. The new film
will be on in many cinemas. 3. The teacher
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
will have corrected our papers by the beginning of the
lesson. 4. She will not like this TV programme. 5. The train
will arrive on time. 6. The children will be playing in the
yard. 7. All the newspapers will publish this information. 8.
They will win the game. 9. I shall go to the south. 10. My
sister will not forget to ring me up. 11. I shall have done my
homework by nine o'clock. 12. The tourists will not return
by sunset. 13. My friends will be waiting for me. 14. My
friend will have returned by that time. 15. They will be
working the whole evening. 16. He will return this book to
the library immediately.
Все времена действительного залога
Present
Simple (Indefinite)
218
1. Я знаю, что он скоро придет. 2. Я знал, что он
скоро придет. 3. Я думаю, что она будет спать в это
время. 4. Я думал, что она будет спать в это время. 5.
Она думает, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 6. Она
думала, что сделает всю работу к пяти часам. 7. Я был
уверен, что к десяти часам он уже выучит
стихотворение. 8. Я знал, что к девяти часам мама уже
приготовит ужин и в девять часов вся семья будет сидеть
за столом. Я боялся, что приду слишком поздно. 9. Она
боялась, что ее друг не придет. 10. Они написали, что
скоро приедут. 11. Я был уверен, что встречу его на
станции. 12. Я думаю, что папа скоро напишет нам
письмо. 13. Вам сказали, что в декабре мы будем писать
контрольную работу? 14. Он понял, что никогда ее не
забудет. 15. Я полагаю, что они вспомнят о нас. 16. Он
говорит, что знает этого человека.
оф
ч-.
0)
о.
Perfect Continuous (Perfect
Progressive)
Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание
на время глагола в главном предложении.
Continuous
(Progressive)
Упражнение 259
Past
Future
Future-in-thePast
He
writes
letters
every
day.
He wrote
a letter
yesterday.
He will write
(He said that) he
a letter tomorrow. would write
a letter the next day.
He is
writing
a letter
now.
He was writing
a letter at 5
o'clock
yesterday.
He will be
writing
a letter at 5
o'clock
tomorrow.
(He said that) he
would be writing
a letter at 5
o'clock the next
day.
He has
already
written
a letter.
He had written
a letter by 5
o'clock
yesterday.
He will have
written a
letter
by 5 o'clock
tomorrow.
(He said that) he
would have written
a letter by 5 o'clock
the next day.
He has
been
writing
a letter
since
morning.
He had
been
writing
a letter for
two hours
when 1
came.
He will have been
writing
a letter for two
hours when 1
come.
(He said that) he
would have been
writing
a letter
for two hours
when 1 came.
220
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребление времен
Упражнения на все 16 времен
действительного залога
again tonight. 2. You (to read) "The Murder of Roger
Ackroyd" by Agatha Christie? — No, I (not yet to read) it.
But I (to hear) that it (to be) a very interesting book. I (to
read) it as soon as I (to get) it. 3. When we (to come) to the
station, the train already (to arrive). The passengers (to
hurry) to occupy their seats in the carriages. 4. The concert
(to be) a greater success than we (to expect). We were very
glad. 5. He (to tell) me that if no one (to come) to meet me at
the station, I (can) leave the suitcases in the checkroom and
go to the hotel where he (to reserve) a room for me. 6. Lanny
(to return) home after seven years of absence. During these
seven years he (to study) in Cape Town where his people (to
send) him. Lanny was glad at the thought that he (to do)
what they (to hope) he (to do) and that soon he (to be)
among his people again.
Упражнение 260
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. When morning came, the storm already (to stop), but
the snow still (to fall). 2. Yesterday by eight o'clock he (to
finish) all his homework, and when I (to come) to his place
at nine, he (to read).
3. I (to wait) for permission to go abroad for three weeks
already, but I (not to receive) the visa yet.
4. Everybody (to be) at the door of the museum, but my
friend (not yet to come). 5. We (to drink) tea when the
telephone (to ring). 6. Johnny noticed that everybody (to
look) at him, and he (to feel) shy. 7. Light (to travel) more
quickly than sound. 8. When I (to come) to Pete's house last
Sunday, he (to read) a new book. He (to say) he (to give) it
to me soon. Today I (to take) it from him. Now I (to read) it.
I (to finish) it by Friday. If you like, I (to give) it to you on
Saturday when you (to come) to see me. 9. When will he
come? We (to wait) for him for half an hour already. 10. On
leaving the hall, the students (to thank) the professor who (to
deliver) the lecture. 11. We already (to cover) about ten
miles when Peter, who (to look) out of the window for the
last five or ten minutes, suddenly exclaimed, "Here is the
station!"
Упражнение 261
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Не (to be) here five minutes ago, but you (to be) out.
He (to ask) me to tell you that he (to come)
221
Упражнение 262
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since
early morning. 2. She (to teach) at our school for twenty
years now. 3. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) home. 4.
He (to begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is
already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to
finish) it by twelve. 5. We (to help) our librarian to put the
books in the right order for three days already, but we (to arrange) only half the books. 6. What you (to do) when I (to
come) in? 7. When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me
that he (to leave) an hour before. 8. On checking up his
answers he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes.
9. When I (to leave) home, the snow already (to stop), but a
strong wind (to blow). 10. You (to read) this book? — Yes, I
(to read)
222
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting. 11. What the
children (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new board
game which I just (to buy) for them. 12. They (to reach) the
corner of the street by now and (to stand) at the bus stop. 13.
After we (to walk) about two hours, we arrived at a
picturesque giade covered with fresh grass. 14. That (to be)
what I (to complain) about.
Упражнение 263
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. At last the librarian (to give) me the book which I (to
wait) for during two months. I was very glad. I (to go) home
and (to begin) reading it at once. 2. Don't speak to him: he
(to be) very busy, he (to do) some very urgent work. 3. I did
not want him to go there: I (to be) afraid that something (to
happen).
4. I did not notice that my watch (to stop), and when I (to
arrive) at the station, my train (to leave) and I (to have) to
ask when the next train (to come).
5. He (to wait) for fifteen minutes when at last he (to see)
her at the end of the platform. 6. By the end of the year he (to
read) about two hundred pages. 7. We were happy when the
sun (to rise), for the night (to be) very cold. 8. Where you (to
put) my dictionary? I cannot find it anywhere. 9. I (not yet to
fall) asleep when the telephone (to ring). 10. What you (to
do) from six till nine yesterday? 11. The children (to play)
here at eleven o'clock, but now they (to go) home. 12. Go to
see your old grandfather as soon as you (to arrive) in
Novgorod. 13. You always (to spend) summer at the seaside?
— Yes, as a rule. Last summer I (to go) to the mountains, but
I (not to find) the rest there as pleasant as near the sea. 14.
When they returned, they (to tell) us many in-
Употребление времен
223
teresting things which they (to see) during their journey. 15.
When I (to leave) home, it (to rain).
Упражнение 264
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Our train starts late in the evening, so if you (to come)
at seven o'clock, we still (to pack) our luggage. 2. When you
(to see) him last? 3. I (to meet) him when he (to walk) across
the park. 4. You ever (to act) on the stage? — Why, yes,
that's what I (to do) for the last six years. 5. Don't enter the
bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake)
up when somebody (to open) the door. 6. Where is your
luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it
tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me.
7. I (to read) about an hour when he (to come).
8. The play (not yet to begin) and the people (to talk) in the
hall. 9. One night a little swallow (to fly) over the city. His
friends (to fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (to
stay) behind. 10. What you (to do) these three months? 11.
Yesterday I (to buy) a new pair of gloves, as I (to lose) the
old ones. 12. We (to walk) in silence. He already (to tell) me
all that (to be) interesting about himself, and I (to have)
nothing to tell him. 13. The moon (not to rise) yet, and only
two stars, like two distant lighthouses, (to shine) in the dark
blue sky.
Упражнение 265
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. What you (to read)? — I (to read) a magazine. — How
long you (to read) it? — I (to read) it for half an hour. 2. She
(to live) in Moscow for ten years
224
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
when her sister (to come) to live with her. 3. Our teacher (to
come). Now he (to speak) with our librarian. 4. They (to
speak) when I (to look) at them. 5. What you (to do) here?
— I (to prepare) for my report. — How long you (to prepare)
for it? — Oh, I (to work) since morning. 6. He (to teach) at
school for five years when the war (to break) out. 7. She (to
study) English since last year. 8. You ever (to be) to
London? — Yes, I (to be) there last summer.
9. What your friend (to do) now? — She (to have)
dinner. She usually (to have) dinner at this time.
10. I (to buy) a new dress. I (to show) it to you to
morrow when you (to come) to my place. 11. So you
begin working tomorrow! And who (to take) care of
your children when you (to go) to work? 12. Hello,
Peter! Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the library.
13. I (to walk) about an hour when I (to see) a little
house not far from the river. 14. When he (to read)
the newspaper, he (to give) it to his brother. 15. He
(to leave) for Rostov in 1990 and since then he (to
live) there. 16. At this time tomorrow we (to discuss)
your report. 17. Now she (to read) the book which
I (to give) her yesterday. 18. I always (to hate) such
cruelty. 19. No, I (not to see) that movie.
Упражнение 266
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. How long you (to wait) for me? I am really very sorry.
2. Yesterday I (to meet) a friend of mine whom I (not to see)
for a long time. 3. Ring me up at eleven o'clock, I (not yet to
sleep). 4. You (to be) late for the concert if you (not to take)
a taxi. 5. The sun (to set) a long time ago, and it (to begin) to
get really cold. 6. When I (to come) home yesterday, my
sister
Употребление времен
225
already (to return) and (to sit) at the fireplace looking
through some old photographs. 7. He (to smoke) three
cigarettes and (to look) through all the books on the shelf,
when at last he (to hear) his friend's steps approaching the
door. 8. The first person whom Andrew (to see) as he (to
enter) was his old nurse. She (to sit) on the sofa. During the
last five years she greatly (to change) and now (to look) a
very old woman. 9. She is going to read the letter she just (to
receive). 10. He just (to approach) the door, when she (to
enter). 11. He (to write) the composition for three hours and
he (to say) he soon (to finish) it as he (to think) over the
conclusion now. 12. Where is the baby? — The nurse (to
put) it to bed. 13. He said he (to work) for a long time
without achieving good results. 14. Hardly1 I (to go) out
when I (to remember) that I (to forget) to take my umbrella.
15. It (to be) late. You (not to finish) yet?
Упражнение 267
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. The students (to write) the paper by dinnertime. 2.
They (to sail) down the river for many hours before they (to
come) to the village. 3. I (not to be) to my home town for
five years. 4. The rain (to stop) by the time we (to reach)
home. 5. The message (to arrive) five minutes after he (to
leave) the house. 6. It (to be) nearly eleven o'clock when we
(to begin) doing this work. 7. At last the reply from my
grandmother (to come), and my mother (to tell) me that she
(to come) soon. 8. Here you (to be) at last! I (to
1
После hardly употребляйте Past Perfect и обратный порядок
слов. 8 Ю. Голицынский
226
Употребление времен
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
wait) for you for twenty minutes. You (not to be) ashamed?
9. Peter (to read) by the fireplace when the door (to open)
and the maid (to enter). The cook (to follow) her. 10. When
the mother (to satisfy) herself that the children (to sleep)
peacefully in their beds, she (to take) out the Christmas
presents and carefully (to put) them into the stockings which
(to hang) at the beds. 11. If you (to ring) me up tomorrow, I
(to tell) you all about it. 12. The lesson (not yet to begin),
and the children (to talk) loudly in the corridor. 13. I (to live)
in St. Petersburg since 1991. 14. By the fifteenth of January
the students (to pass) all the exams. 15. I (to wait) for the
postman now. He (not to be) here yet. 16. You (to hear) the
news?
Упражнение 268
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Where is Nick? — Не (not to be) at home, he (to go) to
the cinema. Wait for him, he (to come) in half an hour. 2. It
was very late. I (to go) to bed and (to fall) asleep when my
father (to return) home. 3. I'll join you when I (to drink) my
tea. 4. When I (to come), he (to live) in the same old house
where I first (to meet) him. He (to tell) me he (to wait) for
me for some time already. 5. The pupils (to do) a lot of
exercises before they (to learn) to write dictations well. 6. I
could not hear a sound: they (to stop) talking. 7. On entering
the drawing room, he (to find) that his two friends (to get) up
and (to wait) for him. 8. The sportsmen (to train) since early
morning; now they (to go) over the high jump, as they (not to
be) satisfied with their results. 9. Five minutes (not to pass)
when the train for which we (to wait) (to appear) in the
distance. 10. Tomorrow father (to come) late.
227
We (to do) all our homework and (to drink) tea when he (to
come). 11. When Mrs. Smith (to come) home yesterday, she
(to see) that her daughter (to cook) supper and (to wait) for
her with the table laid. 12. Anyone (to see) my dog? 13. You
(to go) to the pictures tonight?
Упражнение 269
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. Не said he (to listen) to the same stories for a long
time. 2. By the evening he (to translate) ten pages. 3. You
ever (to be) to the new stadium? — Yes, I (to be) there last
Saturday. 4. The old lady was happy: she (not to see) her son
for three years. 5. What you (to do) yesterday? 6. How many
pages you (to translate) for today? 7. The day (to be) cold
and it (to rain). When I (to reach) home, my raincoat (to be)
all wet. I (to take) it off, (to shake) the water off it, (to hang)
it up and (to go) into the living room. My children (to play)
on the carpet. When they (to see) me, they (to jump) up and
(to run) up to me. 8. I (to hear) this song several times
already, but I cannot remember the words. I (to write) them
down as soon as I (to hear) this song again. 9. Hardly1 he (to
open) the suitcase, when he (to find) the tie which he (to
think) he (to lose) long before. 10. Shut the door! The room
(to be) full of smells which (to come) from the kitchen.
Mother (not to like) kitchen smells in the room. 11. Last
night he (to finish) the book which he (to begin) writing a
year ago. 12.1 (to be) afraid he (to lose) this match. 13. Who
(to make) all that noise? 14. Sharks (to be) on earth more
than 350 million years.
1
Hardly см. примечание на стр. 225.
228
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 270
• Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window
but (not to see) any of my friends there. I (to send) them a
telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me. As I (to discover)
later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived
and could not meet me. 2. We were greatly surprised not to
find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to
give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen
minutes before we (to come). 3. I decided not to put on my
raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine)
brightly. 4. The young people entered the theatre. The
performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till
the first act (to be) over. Nina never (to be) here before and
she (to like) the theatre very much. 5. I did not recognize
Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she
greatly (to change). 6. When the teacher told the boy to recite
the poem, the boy (to burst) into tears: he (not to remember)
anything, though he (to try) to learn his lesson so hard. 7.
Jane usually works in the library. She (to work) there now.
She already (to gather) the necessary material and now she
(to write) her report. 8. When we (to come) to the station, our
train already (to leave), and we (to have) to wait for two
hours before another one (to come). 9. I was anxious to see
the place where I (to spend) my childhood. 10. Victor asked
me to explain the new rule to him, as he (to miss) the
previous lesson. 11. John Gray (to visit) Russia in 1989 and
(not to be) here since that time. 12. The sight of the school
building brought back the old days to us. Here we (to spend)
many years together. We (to learn) to read and write; here we
(to experience) our first joys
Употребление времен
229
and sorrows. We recollected our first day at school, how we
(to come) to our first lesson looking alarmed and excited.
Упражнение 271
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
Ann: Hello, Kate. I am so glad you (to come) at last. Where
you (to spend) the morning?
Kate: I (to be) in the bookstore choosing new books in
English.
Ann: It (to rain) still? It (to be) rather dark in the room.
Kate: No, the rain (to stop), but the wind (to blow). On my
way to your place I (to meet) Mary. You (to know)
her?
Ann: Of course I .... I (to know) her since childhood. When
we (to be) children, we often (to play) together.
Where you (to meet) her? I (not to see) her for a long
time. What she (to look) like?
Kate: She (not to change) a bit. She (to go) to the library
when I (to meet) her.
Ann: What she (to tell) you?
Kate: She (to tell) me she recently (to return) from a very
interesting trip and that she (to travel) a lot and (to
see) many interesting things. She (to want) to see all
her friends soon.
Ann: Oh, then she (to come) to see me, too, I (to think).
Kate: Yes, that (to be) a pleasant meeting, I (to be) sure. But
what (to be) the time? My watch (to stop) and I (not
to know) the exact time.
Ann: It (to be) ten minutes to three.
Kate: Oh, then let's begin working at once. At four o'clock I
must go. My mother (to wait) for me at the metro
station at a quarter past four.
230
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 272
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в требующемся времени.
1. Он был счастлив: он написал отличное сочинение.
2. Я ищу тебя весь вечер. 3. Я вдруг вспомнил, что
ничего не ел с утра. 4. К счастью, дождь уже перестал,
когда мы вышли. 5. Сколько лет вы работаете в этой
школе? 6. В одиннадцать часов мы еще работали. 7. В
одиннадцать часов мы уже работали три часа. 8. Я уже
три раза говорил тебе, что надо переписать упражнение.
9. Я уже целый час читал после обеда, когда пришел
папа. 10. Я не приду. Я буду писать сочинение весь
вечер. 11. Где ты был с прошлой пятницы? 12. Я уже две
недели живу у друзей. 13. Я уже две недели жил у
друзей, когда получил письмо.
14. Сколько дней вы уже читаете эту книгу?
15. Только когда она была в поезде, она вспомни
ла, что оставила книгу дома. 16. Они живут в этом
доме уже пять лет. 17. Моя сестра была больна
уже несколько дней, когда я узнала об этом.
18. Ты знал, что он не написал сочинение? 19. Мы
не получаем от нее писем уже несколько месяцев.
20. Сколько лет вы уже работаете на этом заводе?
21. Он уже ушел, когда Лена включила радио.
22. Я работаю над этой проблемой уже три месяца. 23.
Вы должны отдохнуть. Вы слишком много работали
сегодня.
Упражнение 273
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в
требующемся времени.
1. Что делает твой брат? — Он работает в институте.
— А что он сейчас делает? — Он читает
Употребление времен
231
газету. Я всегда приношу ему газеты, когда он приходит
с работы. 2. Было уже темно, когда мы подошли к дому;
дул сильный ветер, и становилось все холоднее и
холоднее. 3. Что вы будете делать завтра в восемь часов
вечера? — Завтра к восьми часам я уже закончу все свои
уроки, и в восемь часов буду играть на рояле. 4. Они
читали Диккенса по-английски, и знают многие его произведения. 5. Наступила зима, и теперь мы опять будем
часто ходить на каток. 6. Когда Том вышел из дома, все
ребята играли в футбол, а Билл и Джон считали круглые
камешки, которые они принесли с реки. 7. Она была
удивлена: она еще никогда не видела столько цветов. 8.
Когда я проснулся, мама уже встала и готовила чай. 9. Я
уже полчаса стараюсь вспомнить ее имя, но до сих пор
еще не вспомнил. 10. Когда он пришел домой, мы уже
ушли в кино. 11. Она сказала, что идет дождь и нам
лучше сидеть дома. 12. Она жила в этом доме уже пять
лет, когда приехал ее брат. 13. Она думала, что будет
хорошая погода. 14. Разве ты не понимаешь, что весной
будет уже три года, как я ношу эту шляпку? 15. Неужели
они играют в шахматы с самого утра? 16. Они шли по
дороге уже два или три часа, когда вдруг пошел дождь.
17. Я знаю, что она работает над этой статьей уже три
недели. 18. Когда я повторила свой вопрос, он сказал,
что не слышал меня в первый раз, но я ясно видела, что
он хорошо слышал меня оба раза. 19. Ну, уложила ты
свои вещи, наконец? Такси уже десять минут ожидает у
дверей. 20. Мы сидим здесь уже два часа, а я все еще не
рассказал тебе о своей поездке. 21. Где Мери? — Она в
библиотеке, она готовится к докладу. Она уже работает
три часа. 22. Он думал, что его друзья работают вместе.
Passive Voice
233
Future Simple Passive
1 shall be taken
He will be taken
PASSIVE VOICE
She will be taken
It will be taken
to be + III форма глагола
Спряжение глагола to take (брать, отводить)
во временах группы Simple в Passive Voice
We shall be taken
You will be taken
They will be taken
Present Simple Passive
I am taken He
is taken She is
taken It is
taken
I am not taken He
is not taken She is
not taken It is not
taken
Am I taken? Is
he taken? Is
she taken? Is it
taken?
We are taken
You are taken
They are taken
We are not taken
You are not taken
They are not taken
Are we taken?
Are you taken?
Are they taken?
I was not taken He
was not taken She
was not taken It was
not taken
Shall 1 be taken?
He will not
be taken
She will not
be taken
It will not be
taken
We shall not
be taken
You will not
be taken
They will not
be taken
Will he be taken?
Сравните:
1 take (я отвожу) — 1 am 1
took (я отвел) — 1 was 1
shall take (я отведу) —
отведут)
Will she be taken?
Will it be taken?
Shall we be taken?
Will you be taken?
Will they be taken?
taken (меня отводят)
taken (меня отвели) 1
shall be taken (меня
Упражнение 274
Past Simple Passive
I was taken He
was taken She
was taken It was
taken
1 shall not
be taken
Was I taken?
Was he taken?
Was she taken?
Was it taken?
We were taken We were not taken Were we taken?
You were taken You were not taken Were you taken?
They were taken They were not taken Were they taken?
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive.
Я рассказал — Мне рассказали Я
показал — Мне показали Она
привела — Ее привели Мы спросили
— Нас спросили Мы ответили —
Нам ответили Мы послали — Нас
послали
234
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Они дали — Им дали
Он помог — Ему помогли
Он посоветовал — Ему посоветовали
Он забыл — Его забыли
Он вспомнил — Его вспомнили
Мы пригласили — Нас пригласили
Мы поправили — Нас поправили
Он вылечил — Его вылечили
Он позвал — Его позвали
Passive Voice
235
Упражнение 276
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Simple Passive.
(USUALLY) 1. The postbox (to empty) every day.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to
unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post
office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The
letters (to deliver).
Упражнение 275
Переведите на английский, употребляя глаголы в
Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.
Мне рассказали — Мне рассказывают — Мне
расскажут
Мне показали — Мне показывают — Мне покажут
Ее привели — Ее приводят — Ее приведут
Нас спросили — Нас спрашивают — Нас спросят
Нам ответили — Нам отвечают — Нам ответят
Нас послали — Нас посылают — Нас пошлют
Им дали — Им дают — Им дадут
Ему помогли— Ему помогают — Ему помогут
Ему посоветовали — Ему советуют — Ему посоветуют
Его забыли — Его забывают — Его забудут
Его вспомнили — Его вспоминают — Его вспомнят
Нас пригласили — Нас приглашают — Нас пригласят
Нас поправили — Нас поправляют — Нас поправят
Его позвали — Его зовут — Его позовут
Упражнение 277
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple
Passive.
(YESTERDAY) 1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday. 2.
The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to
unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post
office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The
letters (to deliver).
Упражнение 278
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future
Simple Passive.
(TOMORROW) 1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow. 2.
The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train. 5. The mailbags (to
unload) after their journey. 6. The bags (to take) to the post
office. 7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 8. The
letters (to deliver).
236
Passive Voice
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 279
237
Упражнение 281
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past
или Future Simple Passive.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive.
1. My question (to answer) yesterday. 2. Hockey (to
play) in winter. 3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4.
Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5.
His new book (to finish) next year.
6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8. Bread (to eat)
every day. 9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11. I (to ask)
at the lesson yesterday. 12. I (to give) a very interest
ing book at the library last Friday. 13. Many houses
(to build) in our town every year. 14. This work (to
do) tomorrow. 15. This text (to translate) at the last
lesson. 16. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17. Many
interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
18. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19. We
(to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20. Lost time
never (to find) again. 21. Rome (not to build) in a day.
1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей. 2. Меня всегда хвалят
дома. 3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои
оценки. 4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои
оценки. 5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас. 6. Нас часто
вспоминают в деревне. 7. Мне дают сок каждое утро. 8.
Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко. 9. Он каждый день
рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное. 10. Ему
каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное. 11. Я
часто посылаю письма друзьям. 12. Меня часто
посылают на юг. 13. Меня часто приглашают в кино. 14.
Моей сестре часто помогают в школе. 15. Я иногда забываю взять проездную карточку. 16. Он пишет много
писем. 17. Книги А. Кристи читают с интересом. 18.
Собаки любят кости. 19. Собак любят во многих семьях.
20. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай? 21. Где хранят
старые письма? 22. Почему эти правила всегда
забывают? 23. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила?
24. Где живут ваши друзья? 25. Где покупают хлеб? 26.
Когда задают вопросы?
Упражнение 280
Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующуюся форму
глагола.
1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from
the travel bureau. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall
upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage
to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in
the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the
cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key
with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take,
be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be
taken) them to the Russian Museum.
Упражнение 282
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive.
1. Я посоветовал (моему) другу поступить в спортивную секцию. 2. Мне посоветовали поступить в
спортивную секцию. 3. Я показал доктору (мои) зубы. 4.
Меня показали доктору. 5. Я дал своей собаке кусок
сахара. 6. Мне дали на обед суп. 7. Вчера я попросил
учителя помочь мне. 8. Вче-
238
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ра меня попросили помочь однокласснику. 9. Прошлым
летом я научил сестру плавать. 10. Прошлым летом меня
научили плавать. 11. Вчера нам задавали много вопросов
на уроке. 12. Я ответил на все вопросы. 13. Учитель
поставил мне хорошую оценку. 14. Дома меня
похвалили. 15. Эти письма принесли утром. 16. Мой
велосипед купили в прошлом году. 17. Эти орехи съели
вчера. 18. Где вы купили эту книгу? 19. Где купили эту
книгу? 20. Когда сварили обед? 21. Когда разбили
чашку? 22. Когда ты разбил чашку? 23. Что ему
обещали? 24. Когда починили машину? 25. Ког-да
исправили ошибку?
Passive Voice
239
Сравните:
The doctor was sent. — Доктора послали.
The doctor was sent for. — За доктором послали.
Запомните этот шуточный мини-рассказ:
He
He
He
He
He
He
was talked about.
was sent for.
was waited for.
was looked at.
was listened to.
was laughed at.
Запомните эти предложения:
Упражнение 283
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Future Simple Active или Future Simple Passive.^
1. Новые коньки купят завтра. 2. Миша попросит
меня помочь ему. 3. Мишу попросят рассказать о своем
путешествии. 4. Доктор попросит меня открыть рот. 5.
Доктора попросят вылечить меня. 6. Завтра я принесу
новый фильм. 7. Завтра принесут новый фильм. 8. Мой
друг поможет мне с математикой. 9. Моему другу
помогут с немецким. 10. Я куплю мороженого. 11.
Билеты принесут завтра. 12. Диктант будут писать в следующий вторник. 13. Маму попросят не беспокоиться.
14. Маме дадут чашечку кофе. 15. Мама поблагодарит
доктора. 16. Телеграмма будет отправлена сейчас же. 17.
Ковер повесят на стену. 18. Книги положат на полку. 19.
Когда пошлют письмо? 20. Когда проверят контрольную
работу? 21. Как будут делать эту работу?
The house wasn't lived in.
The bed wasn't slept in.
Упражнение 284
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice,
обращая внимание на место предлога.
• E.g. We often speak of her. — She is often
spoken of.
1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.
3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
4. Nobody lived in that old house. 5. They sent for Jim and
told him to prepare a report on that subject. 6. We thought
about our friend all the time. 7. The doctor will operate on
him in a week. 8. The teacher sent for the pupil's parents. 9.
They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 10. Nobody
slept in the bed. 11. The neighbour asked for the telegram.
12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.
13. They often speak about the weather.
240
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 285
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.
1. Ее часто посылают на почту. 2. В прошлом году ее
послали в Кембридж. 3. Его пошлют в Гарвард. 4. За ней
всегда посылают. 5. За ней послали вчера. 6. За мной
пошлют завтра. 7. Их всегда приглашают на день
рождения Ани. 8. Летом Колю отвезут на дачу. 9. Об
этом фильме много говорили. 10. В музее нам показали
много прекрасных картин. 11. Эту книгу очень часто
спрашивают.
Упражнение 286
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
• E.g. Mother wafers the flowers in the evening. — The
flowers are watered in the evening (by Mother).
1. Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from
the south. 2. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a
long interview. 3. Mr. Wilson will teach you English. 4. The
doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying. 5. Tom gave
Nick a book for his birthday. 6. Our mother tells us stories
every evening. 7. Lydia will show you a new book of
pictures. 8. A boy showed her the way. 9. They will send us a
box of fruit. 10. Five or six small children followed them. 11.
In summer the boys often -rlrive the horses to the fields. 12.
Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest.
13. The waves carried the boat away. 14. We shall do the
translation in the evening. 15. They water the flowers
regularly. 16. You promised me these books long ago. 17.
Bessie's father gave her a complete
Passive Voice
241
set of Walter Scott's works. 18. The two hikers dropped their
heavy backpacks. 19. The boys will paint the roof of the
house. 20. Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence. 21. Her
daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday
present.
Упражнение 287
Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice, внеся
необходимые изменения в предложения.
1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at
last she wrote it. 2. Don't put the cup there: somebody will
break it. 3. Why weren't you at the birthday party? — They
didn't invite me. 4. We met many difficulties, but all the
same we finished the work in time. 5. We shall leave you
behind if you are not quick. 6. I spent all my money on
books last month. 7. I don't think we shall do all this work
today: there is too much of it. 8. It's a very funny thing that
when I start doing this, somebody always stops me. 9. Don't
leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them. 10.
She really broke her mother's heart when she left home. 11.
The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.
Запомните:
Это нужно сделать. — It must be done.
Это можно сделать. — It can be done.
Упражнение 288
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. You must take the box to the station. 2. You can cross
the river on a raft. 3. The workers can finish the building of
the house very soon. 4. You must
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Passive Voice
return the books the day after tomorrow. 5. You must do
three of these exercises tomorrow. 6. You can find the book
you need in any library. 7. We must send these letters at
once. 8. I can easily forgive this mistake. 9. You can find
such berries everywhere. 10. You must do this work very
carefully.
11. The doctor says they must take her to hospital.
12. You can do the work in three days. 13. The students
must return all the library books before each summer
vacation. 14. Monkeys can climb even the tallest trees.
so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody. 3. I hope the
invitation (to accept) by everybody. 4. The letter (to post) in
half an hour. 5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the
next room. 6. At the last competition the first prize (to win)
by our team.
7. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.
8. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.
9. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 10. The book (to
discuss) at the next conference. 11. The composition must
(to hand) in on Wednesday. 12. Yesterday he (to tell) to
prepare a speech. 13. The article (to publish) last week, if I
am not mistaken. 14. The lecture (to attend) by all of us
yesterday. 15. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are
expecting it any moment. 16. The young man (to introduce)
to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I've
known him for years.
242
Упражнение 289
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive
Infinitive после модальных глаголов.
1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комнаты
нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить
рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5.
Ребенку надо давать фрукты. 6. Книги надо положить в
шкаф. 7. Эту картину можно повесить над камином. 8.
Как можно перевести это слово? 9. Куда можно
поставить чемоданы? 10. Можно кошку оставить во
дворе? 11. На что нужно обратить внимание? 12. Нужно
записать твой номер телефона. 13. Нужно измерить ваше
кровяное давление. 14. Его надо пригласить на мой день
рождения. 15. Ей можно предложить новую работу.
Упражнение 290
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive
Voice.
1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to
understand) by all of us. 2. The poem was
243
Упражнение 291
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice
или Passive Voice.
1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to
receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the
encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the historical monuments of
the capital to the delegation tomorrow. 6. You can (to find)
interesting information about the life in the USA in this
book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts:
Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in
1147.
9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian
aviation. 11. He (to speak) very highly of the doctor.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
244
Passive Voice
245
Упражнение 292
Таблица всех времен в Passive Voice
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
Present
Past
Future
Th!"^*
m-the-Past
Letters The letter
«s are
was
§■11 writen
written
Л
(He said that)
The letter
the letter
will be
would be
written
written
С О)
<л "g every
=- day.
yesferday.
oT The
о 5 letter is
| Ф being
с g» written
о a now.
The letter
\
/
was being
\/
written
X.
at 5 o'clock
/ \
yesferday. /
m
The
letter
% has
Ф already
°" been
written.
3
•- \
S
8 \
= fi \ /
¥ O)
tomorrow.
The letter
had been
written
by 5 o'clock
yesferday.
/\
/ \\/
\/
the next day.
\
/
\/
X.
/ \
\
/
(He said that)
the letter
would have
been written
by 5 o'clock
the next day.
The letter
will have
been
written
by 5 o'clock
tomorrow.
/\
/ \
/\
1|
\/
\/
i
/
/\ \/
s Y
У
У
°Л
/\
/\
S
S
/\ \ / \ / \ / \
\/
\/
\/
\
i
/
У
\/
/\
2£/
\/
1. Не stole a lot of money from the shop. 2. By six
o'clock they had finished the work. 3. At twelve o'clock the
workers were loading the trucks. 4. By three o'clock the
workers had loaded the trucks. 5. We send our daughter to
rest in the south every year. 6. They will show this film on
TV. 7. They are building a new concert hall in our street. 8. I
bought potatoes yesterday. 9. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 10. They are repairing the clock now. 11. They sell
milk in this shop. 12. I have translated the whole text. 13.
They broke the window last week. 14. When I came home,
they had eaten the sweets. 15. We shall do the work in the
evening. 16. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 17. They
were playing tennis from four till five. 18. They have made a
number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19.
Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20.
By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21.
They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22.
They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained
the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven't brought back
my skates.
Упражнение 293
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. Не will introduce me to his friends. 2. They are
building a bridge over the river. 3. I haven't yet translated the
article. 4. We were looking at the man with great surprise. 5.
You will speak about the film at the lesson. 6. The
headmistress sent for the pupil's parents. 7. Has the secretary
typed the let-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Passive Voice
ters yet? — No, she is typing them now. 8. We asked him
about his holidays. 9. They have already discussed the novel.
10. He did not give me his address. 11. She showed him the
way to the metro station.
not turn off the light. 11. I have invited some friends to tea.
12. She has given me an English book. 13. Have you written
the letter yet? 14. They have told us a lot of interesting
things. 15. The students have written the paper without
mistakes. 16. We discussed the matter some days ago. 17.
Someone wants you on the phone. 18. She found my book on
the windowsill. 19. They have built excellent shelters for
tourists in these mountains. 20. Have you given out the
exercises to all the students? 21. The boy was angry because
his mother did not allow him to go to the stadium. 22. Why
have you put my books on this table?
246
Упражнение 294
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. 2. They often
speak of him. 3. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. 4.
We have been looking for you the whole morning. 5. We
shall insist on strict discipline. 6. They teach three foreign
languages at this school. 7. We received this letter after his
departure. 8. Have dogs ever attacked you? 9. Bees gather
honey from flowers. 10. The storm drove the ship against a
rock. 11. Who discovered the circulation of blood? 12. They
are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now. 13. The old
man showed us the way out of the wood. 14. They offered
her some interesting work.
Упражнение 295
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. The children have scattered about a lot of things. 2.
The girl has put all the books into the bookcase. 3. Snow will
cover the fields in winter. 4. They will hand in the
homework tomorrow. 5. I don't think we shall finish all the
preparations today. 6. She always invites me to her dinner
parties. 7. She showed me the dress which her daughter had
made. 8. They did not invite her to the party. 9. I did not
leave the window open. 10. They did
247
Упражнение 296
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. One of my friends took me to the cinema last week. 2.
We shall finish this work in time. 3. They built this house in
2001. 4. They were selling new children's books in that shop
when I entered it yesterday. 5. A large group of young
people joined us on our way to the station. 6. A young
teacher started a school in this village. 7. They are translating
this article now. 8. Galsworthy wrote "The Forsyte Saga." 9.
Thousands of people attended this meeting. 10. He has just
interrupted me. 11. The teacher has explained it to us. 12.
We turn on the light when it is dark. 13. The students
finished their translation in time. 14. Helen washed the
dishes.
15. Betty often took her younger brother for a walk.
16. Mother has made some coffee. 17. Have you ironed
your dress yet? 18. Nina mispronounced this word. 19. They
have told her the truth. 20. She promised us an interesting
entertainment. 21. One uses chalk for writing on the
blackboard. 22. I shall
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Passive Voice
finish my work about seven o'clock. 23. Somebody has
opened the door. 24. The waitress brought in the coffee.
the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert.
12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up
on the notice board. 13. The roast chicken was eaten with
appetite. 14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen.
15. The light has not yet been turned off. 16. The boy was
punished for misbehaving. 17. By three o'clock everything
had been prepared. 18. The dictation was written without
mistakes. 19. Whom was the poem written by? 20. Her dress
was washed and ironed. 21. I was not blamed for the
mistakes. 22. The papers had been looked through and
corrected by the next lesson. 23. This house was built last
year. 24. The letter has just been sent. 25. This article will be
translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will this book
be returned to the library?
248
Упражнение 297
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
1. They looked for the girl everywhere. 2. They did not
listen to the boy. 3. She looks after the patients well. 4. They
asked for our address. 5. My father looked through these
papers this morning. 6. He will give my brother English
lessons. 7. A friend of his has shown me an interesting
magazine. 8. His friend told him everything. 9. The students
greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 10. They have recently
built a huge plant in the town of N. 11. We must finish the
work by tomorrow. 12. When I fell ill, my mother sent for
the doctor. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the
theatre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary
has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy
with interest. 17. They examined the paper attentively.
Упражнение 298
Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice.
Введите любые подходящие подлежащие.
1. The room was cleaned and aired. 2. Have all these
books been read? 3. Whom were these letters written by? 4.
The letter has just been typed. 5. She showed me the picture
which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be
allowed to go there. 7. He has been told everything, so he
knows what to do now. 8. All the questions must be
answered. 9. The door has been left open. 10. Betty was met
at
249
Упражнение 299
Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice.
Введите любые подходящие подлежащие.
1. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be
present at the school's thirtieth anniversary. 2. All the
passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy
who had been saved from drowning by the quickness of the
driver. 3. The work was finished in time. 4. The child is
taken care of. 5. This book must be read by every student. 6.
This film can be seen at our cinema. 7. Spartan children were
taught by their parents to endure all hardships.
8. Which article was translated by your brother?
9. They were being taught drawing at that lesson.
10. This name was seldom mentioned in his novels.
11. I am often told about it. 12. This man has never been
spoken of. 13. When was it done? 14. What museums were
visited last year? 15. Have your com-
250
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
positions been handed in? 16. What has been said is true. 17.
After the facts had thoroughly been explained to her, she no
longer felt worried. 18. He was fined for crossing the street
in the wrong place. 19. The Greeks were attacked by the
Persians from the sea. 20. This mountain has never been
climbed before. 21. She told me that those newspapers had
carefully been put away where they would not be lost. 22.
Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 23.
Nick was told to go home at once.
Упражнение 300
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive
Voice.
1. Two reports on Hemingway's stories (to make) in our
group last month. Both of them were very interesting. 2. He
said that Grandmother's letter (to receive) the day before. 3.
Two new engineers just (to introduce) to the head of the
department. 4. Don't worry, everything will be all right: the
children (to take) to the theatre by the teacher and they (to
bring) back to school in the evening. 5. I am sure I (to ask) at
the lesson tomorrow. 6. They told me that the new student
always (to speak) of. 7. The hostess said that one more guest
(to expect). 8. The newspaper said that an interesting
exhibition (to open) in the Hermitage the next week. 9. This
new dictionary (to sell) everywhere now. 10. All the texts (to
look) through yesterday and not a single mistake (to find).
Упражнение 301
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. Эту книгу взяли из библиотеки только вчера. 2.
Этих трех студентов спросили два дня тому
Passive Voice
251
назад. 3. Вас экзаменовали утром? 4. Эта мышь была
поймана ночью. 5. На этой фабрике делают очень
красивые сумки. 6. Письма туда можно посылать только
летом, а телеграммы круглый год. 7. Мою подругу
каждый год посылают за границу. 8. Ее отправили в
больницу два дня назад. 9. Вчера нас послали в
лабораторию. 10. Это сочинение было написано на
прошлой неделе. 11. Телеграмму послали поздно
вечером, и он получит ее только утром. 12. Эту статью
должна прочитать вся группа. 13. Это упражнение
можно написать карандашом. 14. Все ваши сочинения
будут возвращены на будущей неделе. 15. Это письмо
можно написать на одном листе.
Упражнение 302
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. Нам показали очень странную картину. 2. Тебя
ищут. Иди домой. 3. Вас всех пригласят в зал и
расскажут обо всех изменениях в школьной программе.
4. Почему над ним всегда смеются? 5. Нам всем дали
билеты на выставку. 6. Лекции этого знаменитого
профессора всегда слушают с большим вниманием. 7.
Меня ждут? 8. Им задали три трудных вопроса. 9. За
директором уже послали. Подождите немного. 10. Всех
пригласили в большой зал. 11. Эти письма просмотрены.
Их можно отправлять. 12. На станции их встретил гид и
отвез в гостиницу. 13. Эти журналы должны быть
возвращены в библиотеку на следующей неделе. 14. На
наших
занятиях
много
внимания
уделяется
произношению. 15. Иванову велели объяснить, почему
он пропускает занятия. 16. Меня пригласят на ваш
вечер? 17. Детей оставили дома одних.
252
Passive Voice
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 303
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. На вокзале его встретит папа. 2. Эта картина была
написана в XVI веке. 3. Эти книги используются для
работы? 4. В Италии нам покажут много
достопримечательностей. 5. За этим мужчиной шла
огромная толпа. 6. Когда читали новый рассказ, кто-то
постучал в дверь. 7. Вас уже пригласили на вечер? 8.
Когда мама пришла, обед был уже сварен. 9. За этим
доктором часто посылают. 10. На вокзале его всегда
встречают друзья. 11. Вам в школе дают книги для
чтения? 12. Пленников провели в большой зал. 13. Какие
упражнения делали в классе? 14. Кто написал это письмо? 15. В будущем году построят много школ. 16. Над
ним все смеются. 17. Эта работа будет закончена на
будущей неделе? 18. Когда были посажены эти яблони?
19. В институте его часто вспоминали и говорили о нем.
20. Нас встретят на станции? 21. Ответ будет отправлен
через несколько дней. 22. Когда тебя спрашивали? 23.
Этот перевод будет закончен через несколько дней. 24.
Эту книгу вернут вовремя?
Упражнение 304
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. Письма были оставлены на столе. 2. Мальчику не
разрешили купаться в реке. 3. После обеда посуда была
вымыта. 4. Письмо было написано вчера. 5. Эту статью
написал один английский журналист. 6. Это
стихотворение должны выучить все студенты наглей
группы. 7. Нам показали
253
много красивых вещей. 8. Стихотворение было выучено
наизусть. 9. Их будут обучать английскому языку. 10.
Когда яблоко было съедено, девочка взяла куклу и
пошла в комнату. 11. Когда будет написана ваша книга?
12. Все эти книги взяты из библиотеки. 13. Диктант был
сдан преподавателю после звонка. 14. Я думала, что хлеб
и масло купит моя сестра. 15. Весной это поле будет
покрыто зеленой травой и цветами. 16. Уроки были
приготовлены, книги и тетради уложены в портфель. 17.
Работа была выполнена очень хорошо. 18. Статья
должна быть переведена к пяти часам. 19. Перевод будет
закончен вовремя. 20. Когда я пришла домой, суп был
уже сварен. 21. Статья была переведена без ошибок. 22.
Книгу положили в шкаф.
Упражнение 305
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. Где сейчас ваш брат? — Его послали во Францию.
2. О вас только что говорили. 3. Дома над ней
посмеялись. 4. „Мне только что приказали ввести
пленных", — сказал солдат. 5. Кто написал это письмо?
6. Эти цветы только что сорвали. 7. Тебя вчера просили
прийти пораньше? 8. В будущем году его пьеса будет
поставлена в этом театре. 9. За этим профессором всегда
посылают в трудных ситуациях. 10. Собор Святого
Павла строил архитектор Рен. 11. Когда написали
письмо? 12. Куда положили книги? 13. За доктором пошлют завтра. 14. В Санкт-Петербурге строят много
домов. 15. Произведения английских и американских
писателей издают во всем мире. 16. К тому времени, как
он приехал, письмо было уже получено. 17. Hani дом
сейчас ремонтируют. 18. Колю как раз спрашивают. 19.
Книги уже при-
254
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИИ
несли из библиотеки? 20. Этот кинотеатр был построен
до того, как мы приехали сюда. 21. Стихи Роберта
Бернса знают во многих странах мира.
22. Когда Чарльз Диккенс был маленьким маль
чиком, его отца посадили в долговую тюрьму.
23. Эта опера была написана сто лет назад.
24. Этот роман уже переведен на пять языков.
25. Обед готовили, когда я пришел домой.
Упражнение 306
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы
в Passive Voice.
1. Меня представили ее отцу вчера. 2. Когда я
вернусь домой, все мои чемоданы будут уже уложены. 3.
На какой учебник вы ссылаетесь в вашем докладе? 4.
Разве это сочинение было написано до того, как вы
делали доклад? 5. Ее слушали невнимательно, и все, что
она сказала, было вскоре забыто. 6. Об этом эпизоде
много говорят в нашей семье. 7. Нас провели в зал и
предложили нам хорошие места. 8. Послали за лекарством? — Да, его ищут. 9. Его воспитала сестра. 10. Не
беспокойся, ему помогут в работе. 11. В нашем районе
строятся три новые школы. 12. Этот мост еще строится.
Он строился, когда я его увидел в первый раз. 13. Когда
я начал им помогать, они переводили статью уже два
часа, но она еще не была переведена. 14. Когда я приду
домой, обед будут готовить. 15. Этот рассказ обсудили
на уроке литературы. 16. Не говори, пока с тобой не
заговорят. 17. Произведения Агаты Кристи были
переведены на более, чем 100 языков.
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН.
КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ
Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при
главном предложении в прошедшем времени
Present Simple —
Past Simple Present Continuous
—
Past Continuous
Действие
придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием главного.
Present Perfect \ „ . \ Past
Past Simple
^Perfect
Действие
придаточного предложения
предшествует
действию главного.
Future — Future-in-the-Past
Действие
придаточного предложения
совершается
позже
действия
главного.
256
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Употребляя простые предложения в роли придаточных дополнительных при главном предложении в прошедшем времени, сдвигайте времена, как указано в
таблице:
Sequence of Tenses
Не lives in New York. 1 thought
that he lived in New York.
Mother is sleeping. 1 knew that
mother was sleeping.
Одновременное
действие
Одновременное
действие
He has returned from London.
1 was told that he had returned
from London.
He bought a new car. 1 heard
that he had bought a new car.
Предшествующее
действие
Предшествующее
действие
He will send us a letter. 1
supposed that he would send us a
letter.
Последующее
действие
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
257
6. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage. 7. I
knew that you were ill. 8. I knew that you had been ill. 9. We
found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 10.
We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that
morning. 11. When he learnt that his son always received
excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very
pleased. 12. When he learnt that his son had received an
excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.
Упражнение 308
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем
времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени
придаточного дополнительного предложения от
времени главного.
1. My uncle says he has just come back from the
Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the
Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he
feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of
their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of
sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he
took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9.
He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he
will bring and show us the photographs he took during his
stay in the Caucasus.
Упражнение 309
Упражнение 307
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
употребление времен в русском и английском языках.
1. We did not know where our friends went every
evening. 2. We did not know where our friends had gone. 3.
She said that her best friend was a doctor.
4. She said that her best friend had been a doctor.
5. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage.
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем
времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени
придаточного дополнительного предложения от
времени главного.
1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent
guides. 2. He says they have made good
9 Ю. Голицынский
258
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
progress in English. 3. Oleg says that in a day or two several
English students will come to pay a visit to their school and
he will probably have to act as an interpreter. 4. Ann says she
has just met Boris in the street. 5. She says Boris told her a
lot of interesting things about his travels in the south. 6. Nick
says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just
arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America.
7. He says they have not been here for a long time. 8. He says
they were friends at school. 9. He says he will take them to
the theatre on Sunday. 10. They say they will write me a
letter when they return home.
Упражнение 310
Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время
глагола.
1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the
piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would
come) to the station to see me off.
3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.
4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I
hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5.
I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6. I want to know
what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 7. I asked
my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the
museum. 8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz
Hotel. 9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in
the dark. 10. He asked me where I (study, studied). 11. I
thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my'work at that
time. 12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years
ago. 13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.
Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречь
259
Упражнение 311
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.
1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I
decided to hurry. 2. I didn't know that you already (to wind)
up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able
to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her. 4.
He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie
understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening.
6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a
faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest)
him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to
take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog
after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave)
tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the
book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five.
13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch
(to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel)
by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to
run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just
(to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.
Упражнение 312
Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя
предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в
соответствии с правилом согласования времен.
1. You will fall and break your leg. (1 w;is a l ' i n n l )
2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I U i n w »
3. She never drinks milk. (I was told) I. Mi- IN » \.-I \
talented singer. (We were told) 5. Th<\ hv«- n Imp py life.
(We knew) 6. Tin* Htiulivn .u«- i > l < i \ тк in I IM
260
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
yard. (She thought) 7. Her friend will come to see her. (She
hoped) 8. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 9. She
knows English very well. (I supposed) 10. Our sportsmen
will win the game. (We were sure) 11. He does not know
German at all. (I found out) 12. She made no mistakes in her
dictation. (She was glad) 13. He works at his English hard. (I
knew) 14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told)
15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his
firm. (I learnt) 16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt
wrote in her letter) 17. He is painting a new picture. (We
heard) 18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were
sure)
Упражнение 313
Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило
согласования времен.
1. Я знала, что она работает на заводе, что у нее есть
муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она
счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в
университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что
будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала,
что хочет приехать к нам сама. 5. Я знала, что она очень
занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в
дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в этой части города
движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что
директор с кем-то разговаривает. 9. Все мы знали, что ее
семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказала, что она
дарит нам эту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги
всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что
любит эту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что
никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера
они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он
сказал мне вчера, что его отец — профессор и живет в
Москве.
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
261
Упражнение 314
Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило
согласования времен.
1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что
мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был
уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4. Я знал, что ты
приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь
меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы
вчера узнали, что она больна. 7. Он думал, что она не
придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает
французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9.
Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в
Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в СанктПетербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13.
Учитель сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из
Лондона. 14. Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в
театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16.
Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала,
что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода
холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит
оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже
дважды слушала „Травиату".
Упражнение 315
Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило
согласования времен.
1. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст
экзамены. 2. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой ого любимый
писатель. 3. Я знал, что вы жннсте м Москве, но не знал
вашего адреса. 4. Он пекши. что бросит курить. 5. Все
знали, что <нш п<м-д< -г п
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Рим. 6. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 7. Я
не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 8. Я был уверен,
что он будет выдающимся артистом.
9. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету.
10. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читаль
ном зале. 11. Я думал, что он подождет меня.
12. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать док
лад. 13. Он сказал нам, что когда он вошел в ком
нату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газе
ту. 14. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет.
15. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется кон
ференция. 16. Я был уверен, что если мы поспе
шим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 17. Он спросил меня,
что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю,
буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что если буду
свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.
Косвенная речь
При переводе предложений в косвенную речь не
забывайте заменять обстоятельства времени, как
указано в таблице.
Direct speech
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
263
Indirect commands
Keep quiet! Don't make noise!
He told me
He asked me
to keep quiet and not to
make noise.
Упражнение 316
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в
косвенной речи.
1. "Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my
friend to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick, "Open your mouth
and show me your tongue." 3. "Don't be afraid of my dog,"
said the man to Kate. 4. "Take this book and read it," said
the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete, "Don't go
for a walk today." 6. "Don't eat too much ice cream," said
Nick's mother to him. 7. "Go home," said the teacher to us.
8. "Buy some meat in the shop," said my mother to me. 9.
"Sit down at the table and do your homework," said my
mother to me. 10. "Don't forget to clean your teeth," said
granny to Helen. 11. "Don't sit up late," said the doctor to
Mary.
Indirect speech
Упражнение 317
today
yesterday
tomorrow
... ago
this ...
these ...
here
last year
last month
last ...
next...
that day
the day before
the next day
... before
that ...
those ...
there
the year before
the month before
the ... before
the following ...
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в
косвенной речи.
1. The teacher said to me, "Hand this note to your
parents, please." 2. Oleg said to his sister, "Put the letter into
an envelope and give it to Kate." 3. "Please help me with this
work, Henry," said Robert. 4. "Please bring me some fish
soup," ho said to the waitress. 5. "Don't worry over such t\
sum 11 thing," she said to me. 6. "Please don't. i m - n l n n i it
to anybody," Mary said to her friend. 7. "I'lommr
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
to come and see me," said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us,
"Come here tomorrow." 9. I said to Mike, "Send me a
telegram as soon as you arrive." 10. Father said to me, "Don't
stay there long." 11. Peter said to them, "Don't leave the room
until I come back." 12. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he
said to the porter. 13. He said to me, "Ring me up tomorrow."
14. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter.
15. "Don't be late for dinner," said mother to us. 16. Jane said
to us, "Please tell me all you know about it." 17. She said to
Nick, "Please don't say anything about it to your sister."
Indirect statements
He said
He told me that
He said
that
He told me
He said
that
He told me
He said
that
He told me
I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In
the evening 1 study English.
he was an engineer and worked at
a plant.
He added that he studied English in the
evening.
I saw my friend yesterday.
he had seen his friend the day before.
We lived in Rome two years ago. My
father worked there.
they had lived in Rome two years before and explained that his father had
worked there.
1 shall tell you about it tomorrow.
he would tell me about it the next
day.
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
265
Упражнение 318
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Oleg said, "My room is on the second floor." 2. He
said, "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St,
Petersburg." 3. Misha said, "I saw them at my parents' house
last year." 4. He said, "I haven't seen my cousin today." 5. "I
don't go to this shop very often," she said. 6. Tom said, "I
have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry." 7. He said,
"I have just received a letter from my uncle." 8. "I am going
to the theatre tonight," he said to me. Ц. Mike said, "I spoke
to Mr. Brown this morning." 10. He said to her, "I shall do it
today if I have time." 11. I said to them, "I can give you my
uncle's address."
Упражнение 319
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. The woman said to her son, "I am glad I am here." 2.
Mike said, "We have bought these books today." 3. She said
to me, "Now I can read your translation." 4. "This man spoke
to me on the road," said the woman. 5. "I can't explain this
rule to you," said my classmate to me. 6. The teacher said to
the class, "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 7. Our
teacher said, "Thackeray's novels are very interesting." 8.
She said, "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie
said, "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year." 10. "My friend lives in
Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work
well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the
rich man, "My horse is wild. It can kill your lunsi-." 13. The
rich man said to the judgr, "This т.нГ-, horse has killed my
horse."
266
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 320
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Masha said, "I usually spend my holidays in the south."
2. She said, "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 3.
Boris said, "I go to the south every year." 4. He said, "I am
going to a health resort tomorrow." 5. Ann said to us, "They
haven't yet come." 6. She said to us, "They arrived in St.
Petersburg yesterday." 7. I said, "I have been in London for a
fortnight's holiday. My friends in London sometimes invite me
to spend my leisure time with them." 8. Nick said, "I have
never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 9. He
said, "I shall not stay with my friends too long." 10. He said to
me, "They are staying at the Grand Hotel Europe." 11. He
said, "They are leaving next Monday." 12. The clerk said to
them, "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs."
Упражнение 321
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. The mother said, "The children are in the nursery,
doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to
his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the
woman to me. 4. My brother said to me, "I am going to
become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us, "I buy several
newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils,
"Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He
said to me, "I want to see you today." 8. She said, "I am free
tonight". 9. Mother said to me, "I feel bad today."
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
267
10. The pupil said to the teacher, "I can do my homework
after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack, "You work hard, I
know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl,
"You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous
singer." 13. My sister said to me, "You look very well, much
better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered
after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook.
Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student
said, "I can't answer this question. I don't understand it."
Упражнение 322
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое существительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего
главного предложения.
1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know
that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight.
3. I'll come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets.
4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I
shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished
building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant
when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9.
My brother was here today. 10. It's a pity you didn't come
earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school
assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak
about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer
vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town
several years ago. 14. I'll be reading you a story until it is
time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today's
newspaper.
268
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 323
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the
doctor tells you," I said to my grandmother. 2. "If you are in a
hurry, we shall do only the first experiment," said the
laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan't start anything new until
I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 4. "When I get a job, I'll buy you a warm coat," said
the boy's father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won't be any for
the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me
on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7.
"If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the
evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don't wait until I come. As
soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball,"
said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. "As soon as Robert
appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to
her mother.
Упражнение 324
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2.
He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They
told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I
told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she
had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English
Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman
said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said
she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor
that he had pain in his right
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
269
side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good
doctor. 12. He said he would not go to school until Monday.
13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14.
He said that his health had greatly improved since then.
Indirect questions
Special questions
"What are you doing?"
"Where do you live?"
"Where does he work?"
"What is Nick doing?"
"What have you prepared
for today?" "When did you
come
home yesterday?" "When
will your mother
come home?"
He asked (me) He
wanted to know He
wondered
what 1 was doing.
where 1 lived.
where he worked.
what Nick was doing.
what 1 had prepared for
that day.
when 1 had come home
the day before.
when my mother would
come home.
General questions
"Are you watching TV?"
"Do you play chess?" "Does
she go to school?" "Are you
listening to me?" "Have you
done your homework?"
"Did you skate last winter?"
"Will you see your friend
tomorrow?"
He asked (me) He
wanted to know He
wondered
-C
1 was watching TV.
1 played chess.
she went to school.
1 was listening to him.
1 had done my homework.
1 had skated the winter
before.
1 should see my friend
the next day.
270
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 325
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
1.1 said to Nick, "Where are you going?" 2. I said to him,
"How long are you going to stay there?" 3. I said to him, "How
long will it take you to get there?" 4. He said to her, "Where do
you usually spend your summer holidays?" 5. Ann said to
Mike, "When did you leave London?" 6. She said to Boris,
"When will you be back home?" 7. Boris said to them, "How
can I get to the railway station?" 8. Mary asked Tom, "What
time will you come here tomorrow?" 9. She asked me, "Why
didn't you come here yesterday?" 10. She asked me, "What
will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 11.
Pete said to his friends, "When are you leaving St.
Petersburg?" 12. He said to them, "Who will you see before
you leave here?" 13. They said to him, "What time does the
train start?" 14. I asked Mike, "What will you do after dinner?"
15. I asked my uncle, "How long did you stay in the Crimea?"
16. Mother said to me, "Who has brought this parcel?" 17. Ada
said to me, "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to
Becky, "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"
Упражнение 326
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов,
данных в скобках.
1. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...) 2. Where
has he gone? (Did you know...) 3. Where is he? (Did you
know...) 4. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...)
5. Where does he live?
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
271
(Nobody knew...) 6. When will he come back? (She asked
them...) 7. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to
know...) 8. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...) 9.
Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 10. Who has given
you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 11. Where can I
buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 12.
How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He
wondered...)
Упражнение 327
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной
речи.
1. I said to Boris, "Does your friend live in London?" 2. I
said to the man, "Are you living in a hotel?" 3. Nick said to
his friend, "Will you stay at the Hilton?" 4. He said to me,
"Do you often go to see your friends?" 5. He said to me,
"Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?"
6. Mike said to Jane, "Will you come to the railway station to
see me off?" 7. She said to me, "Have you sent them a
telegram?" 8. She said to me, "Did you send them a telegram
yesterday?" 9. I said to Mike, "Have you packed your suitcase?" 10.1 said to Kate, "Did anybody meet you at the
station?" 11. I said to her, "Can you give me their address?"
12. I asked Tom, "Have you had breakfast?" 13. I asked my
sister, "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?"
14.1 said to my mother, "Did anybody come to see me?" 15. I
asked my sister, "Will Nick call for you on the way to
school?" 16. She said to the young man, "Can you call a taxi
for me?" 17. Mary said to Peter, "Have you shown your
photo to Dick?"
18. Oleg said to me, "Will you come here tomorrow?"
19. He said to us, "Did you go to the museum this
morning?"
272
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 328
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной
речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в
скобках.
1. Have they sold the picture? (I did not know...)
2. Do they know anything about it? (I wondered...)
3. Has Jack given you his telephone number? (She asked
me...) 4. Is he coming back today? (I was not sure...) 5. Have
you found the book? (She asked me...) 6. Are there any more
books here? (The man asked...) 7. Did she go shopping
yesterday (I wanted to know...) 8. Has she bought the
dictionary? (He did not ask her...) 9. Does she know the name
of the man? (I doubted...) 10. Did Boris see the man this
morning? (I asked...)
Упражнение 329
Передайте следующие вопросительные предложения в
косвенной речи.
1. Kate said, "Mike, do you like my dress?" 2. Grandfather
said to Mary, "What mark did you get at school?" 3. My sister
said to me, "Will you take me to the theatre with you
tomorrow?" 4. Mother asked me, "Did you play with your
friends yesterday?" 5. "Why don't you play with your friends,
Kate?" said her mother. 6. "Do you like chocolates?" said my
little sister to me. 7. "Did you see your granny yesterday,
Lena?" asked Mr. Brown. 8. The doctor asked Nick, "Do you
wash your face and hands every morning?" 9. The teacher said
to Mike, "Does your father work at a factory?" 10. Mother said
to us, "What are you doing here?" 11. Father said to
Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ
273
Nick, "Have you done your homework?" 12. Tom said,
"Ann, where are your friends?"
Упражнение 330
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I
asked my friend if he had a headache. 3. I wanted to know
when he had fallen ill.
4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I
asked him if he was feeling better now.
6. I asked the man how long he had been in St. Petersburg.
7. I asked him if he was going to a health resort. 8. We asked
the girl if her father was still in Moscow. 9. I asked the girl
what sort of work her father did.
Упражнение 331
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Do you like my pies, Ann?" asked her grandmother.
2. "Sit down at the table and do your homework," said Tom's
mother to him. 3. "What did you do at school yesterday,
John?" said his father. 4. "Will you play the piano today,
Helen?" asked her aunt. 5. My uncle said, "We shall visit
you next week." 6. "Don't cross the street under the red
light," said the man to Nick. 7. "I borrowed a very good
book from our library yesterday," said Mike to his father. 8.
"Come to my house tomorrow, Jane," said Lena. 9. "Where
are your books, Betsy?" said her mother.
274
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 332
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my
elder sister to me. 2. "Have you received a telegram from
your wife?" she asked Robert. 3. Mabel said, "Nothing will
change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town
tonight." 4. "Pease don't smoke in the room," said the old
woman to her nephew. 5. "I am shivering with cold," said the
girl. 6. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 7. The
secretary said to me, "The delegation arrived in St.
Petersburg yesterday." 8. "Open the window, please," she
said to me. 9. He said, "I shall light a fire and make myself
breakfast." 10. "Don't run to the door when you hear the
bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 11. She asked
me, "How long are you going to stay here?" 12. Mary asked
me, "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?"
Упражнение 333
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. Father said to Jane, "Show me your exercise book." 2.
"What are you doing here, boys?" said Kate. 3. "Don't make
noise," said Tom's mother to him. 4. Helen said to Pete, "Did
you play chess with your father yesterday?" 5. Kate said to
her grandmother, "Help me (to) cook the soup, please." 6.
Mike said to the teacher, "My sister knows two foreign
languages." 7. Tom said to his sister, "I saw your friend at
the library yesterday." 8. "What have you prepared for today,
children?" said the teacher. 9. The teacher said to the pupils,
"Don't open your
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
275
books." 10. Mother said to me, "You will go to the cinema
tomorrow."
Упражнение 334
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Tom, go to bed," said his mother. 2. "I have never
seen your toys," said Nellie to Pete. 3. "Give me your record
book, Nick," said the teacher. 4. Ann said to Lena, "Look at
my nice kitten." 5. "We shall go to the zoo tomorrow," said
our grandmother. 6. Mother said to Pete, "Don't forget to
wash your hands." 7. Nick said to his mother, "I am doing
my homework." 8. "I have learnt a long poem," said Mike to
the teacher. 9. "Don't play in the street," said the man to the
boys. 10. "Why don't you drink your tea?" said my mother to
me. 11. "I saw my friend at the stadium yesterday," said
Johnny to his mother. 12. "When did you receive this letter?"
my friend said to me. 13. "Will you play football with us?"
said the boys to Peter.
Упражнение 335
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "I shall buy some new stamps for you if you give me
this one," said Mike to Kate. 2. "Will you bring your sister to
the party with you, Boris?" asked Mary. 3. "Please don't
touch me," he said to me. 4. My father said, "I think I shall
not go to the beach with you today because I am very busy."
5. "I am very thirsty. Please give me some lemonade, Ann,"
said Tom. 6. "Don't lie to me, Tom," said Aunt Pol-
276
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ly. "I am tired of your lies." 7. "Are you fond of going to the
theatre?" asked my friend. "Have you seen any plays by
Shakespeare?" 8. Nellie asked me, "Did you see 'Hamlet' last
night?" 9. I asked Nellie, "Shall we go to the theatre
together?" 10. "Does Mike like Shakespeare?" asked Nellie.
"Will he go to the theatre with us?"
Упражнение 336
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. "Why are you shouting, man?" said Prince John to
Locksley. "What is your name?" 2. "Who has read
"Ivanhoe"?" asked the teacher. "Whom was it written by?" 3.
One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature, "What novels
shall we read next year?" 4. "Is the river Volga in Russia?"
asked the Frenchman. 5. "Are you playing volleyball, girls?"
said Ann. "I did not know that you liked it." 6. "Don't touch
these photographs," said Peter to us. "They are still wet, and
you may spoil them." 7. "Does your friend often come here,
boys?" said Fred. "I want to speak to him." 8. "How did you
manage to solve this difficult problem in such a short time?"
said my friend to me. 9. The teacher said to us, "You will write
a paper tomorrow." 10. "I saw a new film yesterday," said
Kate to Nick. "Did you like it?" asked Nick.
Упражнение 337
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Do you know where the Browns live?" we asked a
passerby. 2. "There are a lot of trains to my station on
Sunday," said Andrew to us. "You will
Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ
277
have no problems getting to my country place." 3. "Do you
often meet my sister at the library?" he asked me. 4. "Will
the teacher return our exercise books today?" asked Nick. 5.
"My nephew is a very capable young man," said the woman.
"He has just graduated from college, but he is already a very
skilful specialist." 6. "Sit still and don't move your head,"
said the doctor to me. 7. "I want to know how your cousin
likes working at this hospital," said Vera to Helen. 8. "Don't
forget to bring your exercise books tomorrow," said the
teacher to us. "You are going to write a very important
paper." 9. "How can I get to the circus?" asked the girl.
"Take tram number five," said the man. 10. "I am very sorry,
Kate," said Mike, "I have forgotten to bring your dictionary."
11. "When does your mother go shopping?" asked the
neighbour.
Упражнение 338
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. She said, "I am busy today and I shall be busier
tomorrow." 2. Jane said, "I shall come to school early
tomorrow." 3. They said, "We shall not go to school on
Sunday." 4. Mr. Dickson said, "I shall have to pay a lot of
money for the car." 5. Peter said to me, "I'll be waiting for
you at the station." 6. Mary said, "I'll be back soon." 7. She
said to me, "What are you going to do when you come
home?" 8. She said, "I hope I'll soon speak English well." 9.
He said, "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They said,
"We shall go to the river tomorrow if it is hot."
11. He said, "I am sure she will come in time."
12. She said, "I shall be able to read English newspapers
without a dictionary next year."
278
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 339
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. The teacher said to us, "You will have to work hard
tomorrow." 2. My girlfriend said to me, "I shall not be able
to go for a walk with you today, because I am very busy." 3.
She said to me, "How long are you going to stay in the
country?" 4. He said to me, "I like to go to the canteen
during the break." 5. He asked me, "When will you go to the
canteen?"
6. John said, "I met them at the airport yesterday."
7. He said, "I shall come to the party if I am free tomorrow."
8. She said, "I shall go to the cinema in the evening if I am
not very tired." 9. My mother said to me, "It will be difficult
for you to get up tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once."
10. Nina said, "I like music and I listen to it every evening
before going to bed." 11. My aunt said, "I shall not be thirsty
if I eat some grapes." 12. Mother said to us, "Don't go out
before I return." 13. My sister said, "I shall be neither hungry
nor thirsty if I have a cup of tea with a sandwich." 14. Mary
said, "Don't switch the TV, Fred, I am working."
Упражнение 340
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "I shall gladly go to the cinema with you because I
haven't seen this film and I want to see it very much," said
my aunt. 2. "Which of you can answer my question?" the
teacher asked the pupils.
3. "Do you think that simple food is better for children than
rich food?" she asked the doctor.
4. "Why did our team lose the game?" said Vera. "It
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
279
has always been very strong." 5. "Where have you put my
book, Mary?" said Tom. "I cannot find it." 6. "I am very
happy," said Fred. "I have bought a very good bicycle." 7.
"Whom are you waiting for, boys?" asked the man. 8. "I
shall not go to the party tomorrow because I don't feel well,"
said Mary. 9. "We saw a lot of places of interest when we
were travelling around Europe last summer," said Walter.
10. "I suppose we shall go to the theatre tomorrow," said
Jane. 11. "Please don't take the books from my table," said
Lena to me. "I have specially prepared them for working on
my report." 12. "Don't be afraid, Nick," said his grandfather.
"This dog is very clever and it won't do you any harm."
Упражнение 341
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. Не said to me, "Come at nine o'clock, I shall be free at
that time and we shall have a nice cup of coffee." 2. Nina
asked her friend, "What did the professor speak about in his
lecture?" 3. Ann said, "He is one of the best speakers I have
ever heard." 4. He said, "I haven't yet seen the film you are
talking about." 5. He said, "I seldom went to see my friend in
May as I was very busy." 6. She asked her brother, "Will you
manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?" 7.
My friend said, "We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the
next day we went to look round the city." 8. She said to me,
"Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?" 9. She said to
me, "Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer?"
10. My friend said to me, "The discussion will still be going
on when you return." 11. He said, "I am proud of my brother
who took the first prize at
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
the competition." 12. She asked me, "How long have you
been living in St. Petersburg?" 13. She said, "He has just
left." 14. He asked me, "When will your parents arrive in St.
Petersburg?" 15. She said to me, "Were you present at the
meeting yesterday?"
with her grandfather. 4. George said it was very difficult to
play that role. 5. He asked why there were so few people in
the street. 6. The man asked the boy if he knew where he
lived. 7. The woman told him not to worry and go home
quietly. 8. She said that she would sleep in the open air. 9.
She wondered if I was going to leave St. Petersburg the next
day. 10. He told me that he had bought that watch the day
before. 11. Ann said that she had just had a telephone call
from home. 12. My neighbour asked me to leave the key at
my sister's. 13. He said he could not understand the rule. 14.
He told me he had bought a ticket the day before.
280
Упражнение 342
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло-ОтСан
UiH-jc.
1. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. 2.
John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunderstorm. 3. He
asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather. 4. Mary
told John that she preferred sunny days. 5. The woman asked
her son if he was in a hurry. 6. Ann asked if they would go to
the country the next day. 7. Kate asked her friend what she
liked to do on her days off. 8. I asked the secretary if I might
speak to the headmistress. 9. Nick wanted to know if Helen
would give him her book. 10. Tom asked if Jane would go to
the Philharmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was
planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get
there. Jane asked where they would meet.
Упражнение 343
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. When I came home, my mother told me that a friend of
mine had called on me half an hour before. 2. He said that he
studied at Moscow University. 3. She said that her brother
was playing chess
281
Упражнение 344
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло1. Annie said that she had seen the film several months
before. 2. Lydia said she had not seen it yet.
3. Boris told me that he wanted to build a radio set.
4. He told me that he had built a radio set. 5. Jack said that
he often went to see Bob. 6. She said she had seen Mary that
day. 7. Mike said he liked Dickens' novels very much. 8. He
told me he had read "Dombey and Son" the year before. 9.
The teacher said that the pupils would read the text the next
day. 10. She asked me to buy some bread on my way home.
11. Mother told me not to be late for dinner.
12. I asked Mike if he had "Gulliver's Travels".
13. Mike asked me if I had read "Robinson Crusoe" by
Daniel Defoe. 14. I asked John if he would be at home at
three o'clock. 15. The teacher asked who was ill. 16. Nick
asked Pete what he had seen at the museum. 17. The teacher
asked who was absent.
282
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 345
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло1. I asked my aunt if she was going to her hometown for
the holidays. 2. He told me that he hadn't been able to ring
me up in time. 3. He asked his classmates to wait for him. 4.
He asked her if anyone else knew about his arrival. 5. I asked
him when he would take his last examination. 6. He asked
me if I had taken part in the football match. 7. She asked me
where I lived. 8. He said that he had joined a sports society.
9. He told me that he had seen my brother the day before. 10.
She asked me to hurry up as there was little time left before
the beginning of the meeting. 11. She asked her friend if the
rain had stopped. 12. He answered that it was still raining.
13. My sister told me that she had found the book I was looking for. 14. He said that he didn't like the main character of
the book but he could not explain why. 15. He asked his
brother what he would do if he did not find the book he
needed.
Упражнение 346
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предло
жениях.
1. The man told us to have our passports ready. 2. He told
us to pass up the gangway. 3. He said we would find our
luggage on deck. 4.1 asked my friend if he would go down to
his cabin or stay up on deck. 5. He said he was a bad sailor
and could not stay on deck. 6. We told the porter to take our
luggage to cabin number eight. 7. I asked my friend if he often went to England. 8. He said he did not cross the
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
283
English Channel very often for it was rough as a rule. 9. My
friend asked me if I knew when the boat was due1 at
Southampton. 10. I asked my friend if he thought it would
take us long to get through the customs.
Упражнение 347
Ответьте на
косвенную речь.
следующие
вопросы,
употребляя
• E.g. "I like novels written by Dickens," said Nina to her
friend Vera. "I have read many of them." What did
Nina say to Vera? Nina told Vera that she liked
novels written by Dickens and that she had read
many of them.
1. "My favourite books are 'Gulliver's Travels'
and 'Robinson Crusoe'," answered Vera. "And now
I am reading a novel by Walter Scott."
What did Vera answer Nina?
2. "Last year we learnt some poems by Byron and
Shelley, they are so beautiful," said Nina.
What did Nina say?
3. "I know many poems by these great poets.
I have read some books about Byron and Shelley7
too," said Vera.
What did Vera tell Nina?
4. "This year we shall read a play by Shakespeare
in English," said Nina.
What did Nina say?
1
when the boat was due — когда корабль прибывает
284
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
285
Упражнение 349
Упражнение 348
Переведите на английский язык. Сравните конструкцию
повествовательных
и
повелительных
предложений в прямой и косвенной речи.
Переведите на английский язык. Сравните конструкцию вопросительных предложений в прямой и
косвенной речи.
1. Мой друг сказал: „Все 1. Мой друг сказал, что все
ученики нашего класса
ученики их класса любят
любят уроки истории".
уроки истории.
1. Вчера наш учитель 1. Вчера наш учитель
спросил нас: „Много
спросил нас, много ли
ли вы читаете?"
мы читаем.
2. Я сказал ему: „Мы
любим уроки английского языка".
2. Я сказал ему, что мы
любим уроки английского языка.
3. Учительница сказала:
„Скоро вы будете хорошо говорить по-английски, так как вы
много работаете".
3. Учительница
сказала,
что скоро мы будем
хорошо говорить поанглийски, так как мы
много работаем.
2. Когда он увидел у меня в 2.
руках
„Дэвида
Копперфильда",
он
спросил: „Где вы взяли эту
книгу?"
4. Учитель сказал: „Я уже
проверил
вашу
контрольную работу".
4. Учитель сказал, что он
уже проверил нашу
контрольную работу.
4. Миша спросил меня:
„Когда ты пойдешь
покупать книги?"
5. Катя сказала: „Папа в
комнате. Он читает."
5. Катя сказала, что папа в
комнате и что он
читает.
Упражнение 350
6. Мама сказала: „Не
шумите!
Дедушка
спит".
7. Аня сказала: „Мы нашли в лесу много грибов".
6. Мама сказала нам,
чтобы мы не шумели,
так как дедушка спит.
7. Аня сказала, что они
нашли в лесу много
грибов.
Когда он увидел у
меня в руках „Дэвида
Копперфильда", он
спросил, где я взял
эту книгу.
3. Потом он спросил: „Знаете 3. Потом он спросил,
ли вы что-нибудь об знаю ли я что-нибудь
об авторе этой книги.
авторе этой книги?"
4. Миша спросил меня,
когда я пойду покупать книги.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Did you run a race yesterday?" said Peter. "Yes, we
did," said Ann. "Tamara was the first to come to the finish."
2. "Where is my bag, mother?" asked Tom. "I have put it on
the chair near the door," said his mother. "Don't forget to put
your record book into it." 3. "Why can't we play here,
mother?" asked the children. "Father is sleeping," said their
mother. "He has worked very much today.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ
Keep quiet." 4. "Why do you help her?" said Alec to us.
"She is lazy. She can do everything herself." 5. "I don't want
to go to the zoo. I was there last week with my cousin and
saw all the animals," said Lena. 6. "Look at my stamps,
father," said Nick. "When will you buy some new ones for
me?" 7. "I can't do this exercise: it is too difficult," said
Tanya. "Why didn't you ask your teacher to explain it?" said
her brother. 8. "Can you see the lights over there in the
distance?" said the lighthouse keeper. "Yes, I can," said his
assistant. "A ship is giving signals."
morning because she is on duty today."6. "There is a new
film on at our cinema," said Lena. "Let's go and see it." "No,
I can't," said Mike. "I shall be busy." 7. "What shall we do
with Nick?" said Ann. "He has got a bad mark again." "Let's
help him with his Russian," said Pete. "I am sure we can do
it."
286
Обратите внимание на передачу
следующих конструкций в косвенной речи:
"Let's play chess," said Nick. —
Nick suggested playing chess.
"All right," said Pete. — Pete agreed.
"Oh no," said Mike. — Mike refused.
Упражнение 351
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Let's play badminton," said Nina. "All right," said
Mike. "I like to play badminton very much." 2. "Let's run a
race," said Bill. "No," said Jack. "I hurt my foot three days
ago and now I cannot run." 3. "Will you show me your new
flat?" said Tom. "Of course," said Becky. "Come to our
place tomorrow." 4. "I shall go to see my friend tomorrow,"
said Kate. "Will you come with me?" "Yes, I shall," said
Pete. "I want to see your friend." 5. "Does your friend
always come to school so early?" said Victor. "No," said
Mary. "She came so early this
287
Упражнение 352
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Не said, "We have forgotten to take the ball!"
2. She said, "I shall be very glad to see you."
3. "Let's go to the Philharmonic. There is a good con
cert there tonight," said Walter. "Oh, very good,"
said Robert. "I haven't been to the Philharmonic
for a long time." 4. Alec asked me, "Have you ever
been to the National Gallery?" "Yes, I have," said I.
"I visited it last year when we were staying in Lon
don." 5. He said, "Who is this man? I don't know
him." 6. I thought, "He is a very clever man: he can
help me." 7. My brother said, "In two hours I shall
have finished my work and then I shall go to the
cinema." Then he said to me, "Let's go together."
"All right," I said. 8. The teacher said, "Open your
books and begin reading the new text." 9. The girl
asked, "What is the price of this dress?" 10. "Please
help me with this problem, I cannot solve it," I said
to my father. "All right," said my father, "let's try
to solve it together." 11. "Let's go to Finland for the
winter holidays," said Kate. "No," said Andrew, "we
have already been to Finland. Let's go to Greece. It
will be very interesting to see the country we have
read about so much." "All right," said Kate, "let's
go." 12. Nellie said, "Yesterday I went to see Paul,
but he was not at home." "Let's go to see him to
day," said Nick. "I think he will be at home." "No,"
said Nellie, "I can't go today, I am very busy."
288
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 353
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "That's enough," said Tom's mother, "he will never go
there again. I shall see to it." 2. "Who will read the next
story?" asked grandmother. "It is very interesting, and I am
sure you all will like it." 3. "Will you come and see me on
Friday?" Lena asked her friend. "All right," said her friend,
"I think I shall be free on Friday." 4. "Will you need the book
for a long time?" he asked me. "I can give it to you only for a
few days." 5. "Soon I shall know the whole poem perfectly,"
said Mary. "I have already learnt more than half of it." 6.
"Will you be able to find their house without me?" said John
to me. "You have never been to those parts." 7. "Please,
please don't ask me any more questions," she said to me, "I
am very tired. I shall answer all your questions tomorrow." 8.
"I shall finish reading the book by Monday, and then you can
have it," he said to me. 9. "I haven't seen him since last
year," said Lena, "and I think he has grown. Let's go and see
him tomorrow." "All right," said I. "It will be interesting to
see him and talk to him." 10. "Do you think it is really
correct?" I asked my friend. "I am afraid you have made a
mistake in one or two words."
Упражнение 354
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. Не told me not to call on him the next day as he would
not be at home. 2. The officer ordered the soldiers to wait for
him. 3. He said that he had lived in St. Petersburg for many
years and knew the city very well. 4. I told my brother that I
was sorry he
Согласование времен. Косвеннаяречъ
289
hadn't kept his promise. 5. John told his friend that he had
just come from the United States and intended to stay in St.
Petersburg for about a month. 6. Our monitor said that he
was not satisfied with his report and was going to work on it
for some more time. He said that he was to make it on the
twelfth of February and so he had a few days left. 7. He said
that he was quite all right. The climate hadn't done him any
harm. 8. A man came up and asked me where he could buy a
video cassette. 9. I asked my brother who had rung him up in
the morning.
Упражнение 355
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. The shop assistant said, "The shoe department is
downstairs." 2. The professor said to his assistant, "You have
made great progress." 3. The teacher said to us, "You must
read this text at home." 4. Paul said, "We shall have to
discuss this text tomorrow." 5. She asked me, "Do you know
who has taken my book?" 6. We asked him, "What has
happened to you? You look so pale!" 7. She said to me, "I
hope you haven't forgotten to post the letter." 8. She asked
inc. "Where have you put my gloves? I cannot find Ними."
9. They said to me, "Try this coat on befon> buying
it. Maybe you won't like it when you have put it <m."
10. Last night I was called to the trlepl ............................ c
An unfamiliar voice said, "Is that Dmitri spruit иц;? My
name is Pavlov. I have conic I'mm MUMIHW i<>
day. I have brought some books I'm y»" • ................... \ ......
friends. I am staying at the ( i n n i i l ll<«l<<l l:ni.ч•• When
and where can I see v<>'i?" "I.< ГИ im-i-i ni Ни Pushkin
monument in Arln .Scputie nl live ><'. !■» U il it is
convenient for you," I MHUI "All i i p h i , " In- мм swered,
"I shall he tln-i«- "
10 Ю. Голицмискии
290
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 356
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной
речи.
1. "Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?" he asked
me. "Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some
very difficult translation." "All right," said I. "I won't need it
tonight." 2. "I thought about you last night, Lydia," said
Nellie. "Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents
or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish
school?" 3. "Have you done your homework or did you leave
it till the evening, Bob?" asked Mike. "I thought of inviting
you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you
nearly always do your homework in the evening." 4. "I am
fond of Dickens," said Jack. "I have been reading 'The Old
Curiosity Shop' the whole week. I like the novel very much.
I am reading it for the second time." 5. "I think my friend has
finished reading 'Jane Eyre', said Tanya. "I hope she will
give it to me soon: I am eager to read it."
Упражнение 357
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Mother: Nick! Do you hear the alarm clock? Wake
up! Nick:
Oh, I am so sleepy! Mother: Well,
that's what you always say. Now, get
out of bed quickly. Nick:
Oh!
Mother: Be quick, or you will be late for school. Nick:
No fear. I have a lot of time. Mother: You forget that you
have to brush your
teeth and to wash your hands and face. Nick:
Mummy, I remember everything.
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
291
Упражнение 358
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Jane: May I come in?
Kate: Is that you, Jane? Come in! It is very good of you to
come and see me.
Jane: I came before, but you were too ill to see anybody.
Did you get the flowers?
Kate: Surely, I did. It was very nice of you to send them to
me.
Jane: How are you now?
Kate: Oh, I am much better, thank you. The doctor says that
I shall be allowed to go out in a few days.
Jane: Do you miss school?
Kate: Very much. I am afraid I'll be lagging behind the
group in my lessons now.
Jane: Don't think about it. We shall help you.
Kate: Thank you very much.
Упражнение 359
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Peter: Are you coming my way?
John: Yes, I am. How are you getting along?
Peter: Jolly well. How did you find the last test in geometry?
John: Rather difficult. I am not very good at solving
problems.
Peter: Why didn't you ask me to help yon? I would gladly
have done it.
John: Oh, thanks a lot. I shall. Have you f>«>t, и lot of
homework for tomorrow?
Peter: Yes. You know the timetable, Kr'nlny '* "I ways a
bad day. We have six lessons loinor
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь
row, and all the subjects are difficult. Besides, there
will be questions from my little sister. She is not
very good at sums.
John: All right, then. I'll come to your place tomorrow
evening, if you don't mind.
Peter: Let's make it tomorrow. I'll be waiting for you.
Michael: That's a good idea.
Bill:
Alice, can you come with us? We are going for a walk, and I want to show Michael
some places of interest.
Alice: No, I can't go with you, boys. I am sorry. Mother told
me to buy some bread, and I forgot about it. I
shall have to do it now. Go without me. I shall
go with you some other time.
Bill:
It's a pity. All right, Michael, let's go.
292
Упражнение 360
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Susan: Good morning, doctor.
Doctor: Good morning, Susan. What's the matter
with you? Susan: I feel bad. I have a headache,
and I am
afraid I am running a temperature. Doctor: Open
your mouth and show me your throat.
You have a bad cold, Susan. You must stay
in bed for two days until your temperature
is normal and you stop coughing. Susan: How I
hate being ill and staying in bed! Doctor: But if you are not
careful, you may fall ill
with the flu or pneumonia. I'll prescribe
some medicine. Susan: Thank you,
doctor. Goodbye.
Упражнение 361
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Michael: I say, Bill, can you show me around a bit? I only
came here two days ago and I haven't been
anywhere as yet.
Bill:
Of course, I shall do it with pleasure. Let's
go at once. And let's invite Alice to come with
us. She knows a lot about the places of interest
here.
293
Упражнение 362
Передайте следующий диалог в косвенной речи.
Waiter:
Man:
Waiter:
Man:
Waiter:
What will you order?
Give me the menu, please.
Here you are.
Chicken soup for the first course...
For the second course I recommend you to
take fried fish. It is very good.
Man:
All right, bring me fried fish.
Waiter: Any vegetables?
Man:
Yes, bring me some potatoes, and then
cheese, coffee and fruit.
Waiter: Yes, sir.
Инфинитив
ИНФИНИТИВ
295
heard the girl... cry out with joy. 17. I would rather ... stay at
home today. 18. He did not want ... play in the yard any
more. 19. Would you like ... go to England? 20. You look
tired. You had better ... go home. 21. I wanted ... speak to
Nick, but could not ... find his telephone number. 22. It is
time ... get up. 23. Let me ... help you with your homework.
24. I was planning ... do a lot of things yesterday.
25. I'd like ... speak to you. 26. I think I shall be able ...
solve this problem. 27. What makes you ... think you are
right?
Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив употребляется без частицы "to":
• после модальных глаголов;
• после глаголов to let и to make;
• в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия: (to see, to hear, to feel, etc.);
• после выражений: I would rather...
You had better...
Упражнение 363
Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где
необходимо.
1. I like ... dance. 2. I'd like ... dance. 3. I shall do all I
can ... help you. 4. She made me ... repeat my words several
times. 5. I saw him ... enter the room. 6. She did not let her
mother ... go away. 7. Do you like ... listen to good music? 8.
Would you like ... listen to good music? 9. That funny scene
made me ... laugh. 10. I like ... play the guitar. 11. My
brother can ... speak French. 12. We had ... put on our
overcoats because it was cold. 13. They wanted ... cross the
river. 14. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 15. May I ...
use your telephone? 16. They
Упражнение 364
Замените выделенные части предложении иифи
нитивными оборотами.
• E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with
The boy had many toys to piny to
1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Mere is
a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 3. Here
are some more facts which will prove thai your theory is
correct. 4. Here is something which you can rub on your
hands. It will soften them. 5. Here are some screws with
which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 6. Here are
some tablets which will relieve your headache. 7. Here are
some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 8.
Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could
write with. 9. I have bronchi y«m a book which you can read
now, bnl be sine ami ■<• turn it by Saturday. 10. Soon we found
UKII Нин-was another complicated problem Mini we \ \ < - i < - t<>
consider. 11. The girl was ipnl.e yi.ime и In u I...1I1 her parents
died and she i c n m i i n i l nl.nn uiili !«•> younger brothers whom
she I I I H I ti> lulu- «им- <•!
296
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
12. I have no books which I can read. 13. Is there anybody
who will help you with your spelling? 14. Don't forget that
she has a baby which she must take care of. 15. Have you got
nothing that you want to say on this subject? 16. There was
nothing that he could do except go home. 17. I have only a
few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 18. I
have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go to
the theatre with you. 19. King Lear decided to have a
hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided
up his kingdom.
Инфинитив
297
Запомните следующие устойчивые
словосочетания с инфинитивом:
to cut a long story short — короче говоря
to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по правде
to say nothing of — не говоря уже о
to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь
to say the least of it — no меньшей мере
to begin with — начнем с того что
Запомните следующие предложения:
Упражнение 365
Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.
• E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate. He is
too old to skate.
1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve
it. 2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The
baby is so little that it cannot walk.
4. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight.
5. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you.
6. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the
mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did
not understand it. 8. He was so stupid that he did
not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she
cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was
so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 11. They
were so empty-headed that they could not learn a
single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they
could not see through it. 13. She was so foolish that
she could not understand my explanation. 14.1 have
very little wool: it won't make a sweater.
The book leaves much to be desired. — Книга
оставляет желать лучшего.
Не is difficult to deal with. — С ним трудно иметь
дело.
Не is hard to please. — Ему трудно угодить.
She is pleasant to look at. — На нее приятно смотреть.
Упражнение 366
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя
устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Для начала она открыла все окна. 2. С моим
соседом трудно иметь дело. 3. По правде говоря, я очень
устал. 4. Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего. 5.
Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 6. На этих детей
приятно посмотреть. 7. Короче говоря, они поженились.
8. Самая известная книга Джерома — „Трое в лодке, не
считая собаки". 9. Вам трудно угодить. 10. По меньшей
мере, мы были удивлены. 11. Мягко выражаясь, она
была невежлива. 12. Ваша работа оставляет желать
лучшего. 13. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 14.
Вашей сестре трудно угодить. 15. Начнем с того, что я
занят. 16. На него было приятно
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Инфинитив
смотреть. 17. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 18. Мы
все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что
это самый счастливый день в ее жизни. 19. Твое
сочинение оставляет желать лучшего. 20. Это очень
странно, по меньшей мере.
9. О том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и
речи. 10. Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 11.
Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней. 12. Чтобы
получить хорошую оценку, вы должны упорно
поработать. 13. С ней трудно иметь дело. 14. Что делать?
15. Начнем с того, что он болен. 16. Чтобы читать
Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык.
17. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 18. Она была не
виновата. 19. Ребенку не с кем играть. 20. Видеть значит
верить. 21. Чтобы успеть на этот поезд, вы должны
поторопиться. 22. Не может быть и речи о покупке
машины в этом году. 23. Книга оставляет желать
лучшего.
298
Обратите внимание на отсутствие союза чтобы
пород инфинитивом в роли обстоятельства цели:
То get this book, you
Чтобы получить эту книгу,
innsl (jo to Iho library.
вы должны пойти в библиотеку.
Запомнит следующие предложения:
1 have nothing to read.
She has nobody to
speak to.
What is to be done?
Who is to blame?
1 am not to blame.
To HOO is to believe.
Ho wild tho first (last)
to come.
It is out of the question
to go there.
— Мне нечего читать.
— Ей не с кем поговорить.
—
—
—
—
—
Что делать?
Кто виноват?
Я не виноват.
Видеть значит верить.
Он пришел первым
(последним).
— Не может быть и речи
о том, чтобы идти туда.
Упражнение 367
Переведите на английский, язык, употребляя
устойчивые словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 2. Им было
нечего есть. 3. Кто виноват? 4. Короче говоря, он не
сделал урок. 5. В нашей семье мама всегда встает
первая. 6. На нее приятно смотреть. 7. Чтобы перевести
эту статью, вы должны вос-1мим.конаться словарем. 8.
Мне некуда ехать летом.
299
Сравните употребление
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive
to write — to be written
I am glad to help you. — Рад помочь. (Рад, что я
помогаю).
I am glad to be helped. — Рад, что мне помогают.
Упражнение 368
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. То play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child
did not like to be washed. 3. Isn't it natural that we like to be
praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more
pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many
secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your
pronunciation you should record yourself and analyse your
speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the summer
300
Инфинитив
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Формы инфинитива
holidays. 8. То be instructed by such a good specialist was a
great advantage. 9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to
be reminded of his duties.
Сравните употребление
Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive
to write — to have written
I am glad to see you. — Рад видеть вас. (Рад, что
вижу вас.)
I am glad to have seen you. — Рад, что повидал вас.
301
Active
Indefinite (Simple) to write
Passive
to be written
Continuous
to be writing
Perfect
to have written to have been
written
to have been
writing
Perfect
Continuous
Упражнение 369
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Perfect Infinitive.
1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2.
Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr.
Rochester. 3. The children were delighted to have been
brought to the circus. 4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood.
5. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the
rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to have met you. 7. Sorry to
have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 8. I am very
happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance.
9. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 10. Clyde was
awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra.
11. Sorry not to have noticed you. 12. I am sorry to have
added some more trouble by what I have told you. 13. When
Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen
her in Sondra's company. 14. I remembered to have been
moved1 by the scene I witnessed.
1
moved — зд. растроган
Что значат эти формы? Рассмотрите предложения,
иллюстрирующие значение разных форм инфинитива
Чему я рад?
.2
О
Indefinite 1 am glad to speak
(Simple) to you.
1 am glad to be
speaking to you.
Рад, что сейчас разговариваю с вами.
Perfect
1 am glad to have
spoken to you.
Рад, что поговорил
с вами.
Perfect
Continuous
1 am glad to have
been speaking to
you.
Рад, что уже давно
(все это время) разговариваю с вами.
Continuous
со
со
Рад поговорить с вами. (Всегда радуюсь,
когда говорю с вами.)
Indefinite 1 am (always) glad Всегда рад, когда
(Simple) to be told the news. мне рассказывают
новости.
Perfect
1 am glad to have
Рад, что мне
been told the news. рассказали новости.
302
Инфинитив
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 370
Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
• E.g. He is sorry that he has said it. He
is sorry to have said it.
1. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your
umbrella. 2. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not
sure that you can. 3. He was happy that he was praised by
everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder
brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning
of the concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here.
7. I was afraid of going past that place alone.
8. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as
lovely as that. 9. We must wait till we hear the exam results.
10. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live
in. 11. I should be delighted if I could join you. 12. He hopes
that he will know everything by tomorrow.
Упражнение 371
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3.
He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all
the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the
concert. 6. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7.
She hoped (to help) her friends. 8. She hoped (to help) by
her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to
be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the
teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morn-
303
ing. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14.
She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came
here. 15. I am sorry (to break) your pen.
Упражнение 372
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting
(to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every
opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk)
about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she
deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began
writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He
wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself
lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many
wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very
well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy
army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to
advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman
pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem
(to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since
early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of
snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry
voices from behind the door. 12. They are supposed (to
work) at the problem for the last two months. 13. The only
sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the
bedroom. 14. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she
happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned
out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 15. They seemed
(to wait) for ages.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
304
Упражнение 373
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что
мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с
этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с
этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я
рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень
счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень
счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9. Он будет
счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею.
10. Он был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую
картинную галерею. 11. Дети любят, когда им
рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предполагал
останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что
меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил вам
столько беспокойства. 15. Он не выносит1, когда ему
лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в
какой-то книге. 17. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту
интересную лекцию. 18. Она счастлива, что слышала
концерт известного итальян-ского дирижера. 19. Она
рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 20. Он очень
доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 21. Наши спортсмены
гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 22. Я только хочу,
чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 23. Я был благодарен,
что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 24. Он был
счастлив, что вернулся домой. 25. Он был счастлив, что
снова дома. 26. Я сожалею, что прервал вас. 27. Я сожалею, что не застала вас дома. 28. Джейн была
счастлива, что уезжает от миссис Рид. 29. Рочес-тер был
рад познакомиться с Джейн. 30. Рочес-тер был рад, что
познакомился с Джейн.
1
не выносит — hates
ПРИЧАСТИЕ
She watched the children writing the dictation. Writing the
dictation, he made only one mistake. The dictation written
the day before was corrected.
Упражнение 374
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
причастия.
1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little
plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3.
The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the
room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she
saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out
of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers.
7. Hearing the sounds of music, we stopped talking.
8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.
9. Working at his desk, he listened to a new CD.
10. Running into the road, the young man stopped
a taxi. 11. Looking through the newspaper, she no
ticed a photograph of her boss. 12. Using chemi
cals, the firemen soon put out the fire in the forest.
306
Причастие
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 375
Замените придаточные определительные
ложения причастными оборотами.
пред-
1. All the people who live in this house are students. 2.
The woman who is speaking now is our secretary. 3. The
apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the
laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the
professor in his experiments studies at our university. 5.
People who borrow books from the library must return
them in time. 6. There are many pupils in our class who take
part in all kinds of extracurricular activities.
Упражнение 376
Замените придаточные
причастными оборотами.
предложения
причины
1. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a
louder voice. 2. Since he knew who the man was, Robert
was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 3. As
he thought that it was his brother at the window, Steve
decided to open it. 4. As the people were afraid of falling
into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their
way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for
the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.
Упражнение 377
Замените придаточные предложения времени
причастными оборотами (не опускайте союз when).
1. You must have much practice when you are learning
to speak a foreign language. 2. When you
307
speak English, pay attention to the order of words. 3. When
you are copying English texts, pay attention to the articles.
4. When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't
forget my instructions. 5. Be careful when you are crossing
a street. 6. When you are leaving the room, don't forget to
switch off the light. 7. When they were travelling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals.
Past Participle = Participle II
III форма глагола
broken — сломанный, разбитый
written — написанный eaten —
съеденный
Упражнение 378
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Past Participle.
1. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me.
2. The coat bought last year is too small for me now.
3. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. 4. My sister likes
boiled eggs. 5. We stopped before a shut door. 6. Tied to the
tree, the goat could not run away. 7. They saw overturned
tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the
room. 8. This is a church built many years ago. 9. The books
written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th
century England.
308
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сравните употребление Participle I (ing-форма)
и Participle II (III форма глагола)
taking — берущий, беря
doing — делающий, делая
taken — взятый
done — сделанный
Упражнение 379
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
Participle I и Participle II.
1. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will
be in Moscow tomorrow.
b) He saw some people in the post office sending
telegrams.
c) When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her
name.
2. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer
yesterday were very important.
b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new
librarian.
c) While putting the eggs into the basket, she broke
one of them.
3. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
b) A person taking a sunbath must be very careful.
c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
4. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.
b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation
always corrects it.
c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl
cried, "Fire! Fire!"
5. a) The word said by the student was not correct,
b) The man standing at the door of the train
carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a
well-known musician.
Причастие
309
с) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. 6.
a) A word spoken in time may have very important
results.
b) The students speaking good English must help
their classmates.
c) The speaking doll interested the child very much.
d) While speaking to Nick some days ago, I forgot to
ask him about his sister.
Упражнение 380
Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.
1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard
is our best pupil, b) Everything (writing, written) here
is quite right.
2. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs, b) We listened to the Russian folk
songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
3. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my
sister, b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen
looked very clean.
4. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework
at that table? b) The exercises (doing, done) by the
pupils were easy.
5. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall
trees is very beautiful, b) The wall (surrounding,
surrounded) the house was very high.
310
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
6. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.
7. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.
8. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.
9. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day
before.
10. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing,
organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.
11. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across
the street.
12. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.
13. I shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by
Hogarth.
14. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me
yesterday.
15. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
16. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very
interesting.
17. Translate the words (writing, written) on the
blackboard.
18. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark
clouds.
19. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
20. (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gathered) by
the children.
22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying in
the middle of the street.
23. "How do you like the film?" he asked, (turning,
turned) towards me.
24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (coming,
come) towards us.
25. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his
brother.
Причастие
311
Сравните употребление
Present Participle и Perfect Participle
buying — покупая
having bought — купив
Упражнение 381
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present
Participle или Perfect Participle.
1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do)
his homework, he went for a walk. 3. (to sell) fruit, he
looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. 4.
(to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all
the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she
scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my
knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an
interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn)
all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10.
(to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the
beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to
talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a
thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the
book and put it on the shelf.
13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.
14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
«1
Формы причастия
Active
Present
Perfect
Past
writing having
written
Passive
being written having
been written written
312
Как переводить разные формы причастия
на русский язык
Формы
причастия
reading
Как их переводить
причастием
читающий
having read
—
being read
читаемый
(т. е. который
читают)
—
having been
read
деепричастием
читая
прочитав
будучи читаемым
(т. е. когда его читали),
будучи прочитанным
(т. е. когда его прочитали)
будучи прочитанным
(т. е. когда его прочитали)
read
прочитанный
—
building
строящий
строя
having built
—
построив
being built
строящийся
(т. е. который
строят)
—
having been
built
built
Причастие
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
построенный
будучи строящимся
(т. е. когда его строили)
будучи построенным
(т. е. когда его построили)
будучи построенным
(т. е. когда его построили)
3. While being examined, the boy could not help crying. 4.
Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5.
The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The
dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7.
While using a needle, you should be careful not to prick your
finger. 8. While crossing the street, one should first look to
the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a performance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not
go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top
of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and
leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door
bolted on the inside could not be opened. 15. Having been
shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way.
16. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable
than this one. 17. Having descended the mountain, they
heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the
boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the
people who were coming down the street shouting and
waving their hands.
Обратите внимание на способы перевода
на английский язык русских причастий
действи- несовертельный шенный вид
СО
о. залог
совершенП.
ный вид
CD
S 1-
о
страда- несовершентельный ный вид
залог
совершенный вид
—
Упражнение 382
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
причастия.
1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The
broken arm was examined by the doctor.
313
1
бросающий, throwing
бросавший нельзя1
бросивший нельзя1
бросаемый
being thrown
брошенный thrown
Действительное причастие совершенного вида (а также несовершенного вида прошедшего времени) может быть переведено на английский язык только придаточным определительным предложением (who threw, who has thrown, who had
thrown).
314
Причастие
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Обратите внимание на способы перевода на
английский язык русских деепричастий:
действи- несовершентельный ный вид
СО
о. залог
совершенс.
ный вид
G) G)
бросая
throwing
бросив
having
thrown
d
будучи
being
бросаемым thrown
О
S
1-о
страда- несовершентельный ный вид
залог
совершенный вид
будучи
being thrown
брошенным having been
thrown
Упражнение 383
Переведите следующие русские причастия и деепричастия на английский язык.
Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся,
переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая,
написав, читающий, берущий, данный, прочитав,
сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи потерянным,
нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя,
выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, прочитанный, дав,
рисующий,
делающий,
нарисованный,
выпив,
говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий,
сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий,
строящийся,
играя,
поиграв,
рассказанный,
рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным,
построенный, продав.
Упражнение 384
В следующих предложениях употребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 2. When
I was going home yesterday, I kept think-
315
ing about my friend. 3. He put on his coat, went out and
looked at the cars which were passing by. 4. She closed the
book, put it aside and looked at the children who were
running about in the yard. 5. As the book was translated into
Russian, it could be read by everybody. 6. As we were given
dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 7. As
soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 8.
As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it.
Упражнение 385
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
причастия.
1. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was
difficult to read. 2. (to write) his first book, he could not help
worrying about the reaction of the critics. 3. (to spend)
twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 4. (to
be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the
family. 5. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a
happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present before.
6. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem,
he changed the subject. 7. (to translate) by a good specialist,
the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original.
8. (to approve) by the critics, the young author's story was
accepted by a thick magazine. 9. (to wait) for some time in
the hall, he was invited into the drawing room. 10. (to wait)
in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to
discuss with the old lady. 11. They reached the oasis at last,
(to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 12. (to lie)
down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at
once. 13. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the
nurse. 14. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be
back in two hours.
316 ______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 386
Замените выделенные части предложений причастными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию
предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he arrived at the railway station, he
bought a ticket, walked to the platform and boarded the train.
2. As he was promised help, he felt calmer. 3. After he was
shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a
while. 4. Robin-son started the building of the house at
once and finished it before the season of rains set in. 5. He
poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and
looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him. 6.
When he had left the house and was crossing the street,
he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had
forgotten to phone his friend. 7. He looked at me and
hesitated: he did not know what to say. 8. As he had long
lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily
found his way to the marketplace. 9. He has no language
problems, because he has been studying English for a long
time. 10. After I had written this exercise, I began to doubt
whether it was correct. 11. Take care when you cross the
street. 12. Students should always be attentive when they
are listening to the lecturer. 13. There are many students
who study music. 14. Don't you feel tired after you have
walked so much?
Упражнение 387
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио,
знаменита на всю страну. 2. Ребенок всегда с интересом
слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 3. Рассказывая
ребенку сказки, она говорит разными голосами,
имитируя героев сказок. 4. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она
пожелала ему
Причастие
317
спокойной ночи. 5. Сказка, рассказанная няней,
произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 6. Моя
бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в
маленьком домике на берегу озера.
Упражнение 388
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился.
2. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услышал меня. 3.
Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 4. Выпив чашку чая,
она почувствовала себя лучше. 5. Играя в саду, дети не
заметили, что стало темно. 6. Подойдя к двери, он
открыл ее. 7. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке. 8. Он
положил на стол смятое письмо. 9. Плачущая девочка
была голодна. 10. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играющих
во дворе. 11. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей.
12. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 13. Лежа на
диване, он читал книгу. 14. Принеся свои игрушки в
комнату, ребенок начал играть. 15. Прочитав много книг
Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя.
Независимый причастный оборот
(Nominative Absolute Participial Construction)
The day being piercing Так как день был прониcold. he had no desire to зываюше холодным, он
loiter.
не имел желания медлить.
Упражнение 389
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот.
1. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 2.
The weather having changed, we decided to stay
318
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
where we were. 3. You can set your mind at ease, all being
well. 4. There being no chance of escape, the thief was
arrested on the spot. 5. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and,
all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 6. The
bridge having been swept by the flood away, the train didn't
arrive. 7. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get
to the theatre in time. 8. It being cold and damp, a fire was
lighted for the weary travellers to warm themselves by. 9. It
being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 10.
The hour being late, she hastened home. 11. The sun having
set an hour before, it was getting darker. 12. The weather
being very warm, the closet window was left open. 13. And
the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 14. The
vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather
being calm, there was but little motion. 15. The next morning,
it being Sunday, they all went to church. 16. For the moment
the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into
a room at the back. 17. There being nothing else on the
table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 18. Mrs. Maylie
being tired, they returned more slowly home. 19. Their
search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner.
20. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the
island in no time. 21. I had long tasks every day to do with
Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss
Murdstone here. 22. It being now pretty late, we took our
candles and went upstairs. 23. He being no more heard of, it
was natural to forget everything. 24. He started about five,
Riggs having informed him that the way would take him
three hours. 25. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that
we should come to a halt. 26. It having been decided that
they should not go out on account of the weather, the members
of the par-
Причастие
319
ty were busy writing their notes. 27. The wind stirring
among trees and bushes, we could hear nothing. 28. The
resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was
very low. 29. This material being a dielectric, no current
can flow through it.
His story told, he
leaned back and
sighed.
Когда его история была
рассказана, он откинулся
назад и вздохнул.
Упражнение 390
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот.
1. His directions to the porter finished, he came up to
his niece. 2. Dinner being over, we assembled in the
drawing room. 3. The fifth of June arriving, they departed.
4. This being understood, the conference was over. 5. The
constraint caused by the old man's presence having worn
off a little, the conversation became more lively. 6. This
done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite, the two men
lay down on chairs for a short nap. 7. The concert being
over, the lottery came next. 8. Dinner being over, the old
lady asked Barbara to come and sit on the sofa near her. 9.
Then, the house search proving that she was not there, Asa
went outside to look up and down the street. 10. All the
necessary preparations having been made with utmost
secrecy, the army launched an attack. 11. The treaty having
been signed, trade was at once resumed. 12. About eleven
o'clock, the snow having thawed, and the day being finer
and a little warmer than the previous one, he went out
again. 13. The cathode heated, the electrons leave the surface and move to the anode. 14. Electrons moving through
a wire, electrical energy is generated.
320
Причастие
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Sir Henry was deep in
his papers, his long
white hands moving
nervously.
Сэр Генри был погружен
в свои бумаги, причем
(а) его длинные белые
руки нервно двигались.
She stood silent, her lips
pressed together.
321
Она стояла молча,
плотно сжав губы.
Упражнение 392
Упражнение 391
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот.
1. Then they heard the noise of the plane, its shadow
passing over the open glade. 2. She remembered him talking,
his glasses magnifying his round blue eyes. 3. She sat staring
into the fire, the sock forgotten on her knee. 4. He heard the
bathers coming up the sandy road, their voices ringing
through the quiet. 5. They continued their way, the boy sobbing quietly, the man ashamed. 6. They went down the stairs
together, Aileen lingering behind a little. 7. He lifted the lid
and kept it in his hand while she was drinking, both standing.
8. She danced light as a feather, eyes shining, feet flying, her
body bent a little forward. 9. We walked very slowly home,
Agnes and I admiring the moonlight, and Mr. Wick-field
scarcely rising his eyes from the ground. 10. They walked
quickly through street after street, the Dodger leading and
Oliver at his heels. 11. He was standing there silent, a bitter
smile curling his lips. 12. The dog sat close to the table, his
tail thumping now and again upon the floor, his eyes fixed
expectantly on his master. 13. The electrons move with
varying velocities, their velocity depending on the
temperature and nature of the material.
14. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic
energy depending on its mass and velocity.
15. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the
Russian scientist A. S. Popov.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот.
1. She stood listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast.
2. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood
motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her. 3.
Pale-lipped, his heart beating fast, Andrew followed the
secretary. 4. Jack sat silent, his long legs stretched out. 5.
The speaker faced the audience, his hand raised for silence.
6. He sat down quickly, his face buried in his hands.
7. Clyde sat up, his eyes fixed not on anything here but
rather on the distant scene at the lake.
8. She hurried along, her heels crunching in the packed
snow.
Then she sprang away
and ran around the desks
and benches, with Тот
running after her.
Потом она отскочила
и побежала вокруг парт
и скамеек, а Том бежал
за ней.
Упражнение 393
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
независимый причастный оборот.
1. Little Paul sat, with his chin resting on his hand. 2. He
stood, with his arms folded. 3. Lanny stood looking at the
lorry rolling away, with his cheek burning and his fists
clenched. 4. She stood there, with her brows frowning, her
blue eyes looking
11 Ю. Голицынский
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие
before her. 5. Не leant a little forward over the table, with
his wrists resting upon it. 6. And then came the final
moment, with the guards coming for him. 7. He slowly and
carefully spread the paper on the desk, with Lowell closely
watching. 8. She was standing on the rock ready to dive,
with the green water below inviting her. 9. Twenty
minutes later he came out of number seven, pale, with his
lips tightly compressed and an odd expression on his face.
10. Little Oliver Twist was lying on the ground, with his
shirt unbuttoned and his head thrown back. 11. The girl
wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks. 12.
The moonlit road was empty, with the cool wind blowing in
their faces. 13. She sat on the steps, with her arms crossed
upon her knees. 14. Then, with her heart beating fast, she
went up and rang the bell.
walked there. 13. Bill could not sleep the whole night, as
there was something wrong with his eye. 14. As the rules
were very strict, the doorkeeper did not permit Bill to enter.
15. As the front door was open, she could see straight
through the house. 16. Rip had no desire to work on his
farm, for it was to his mind the worst piece of land in the
neighbourhood. 17. They stood there; the night wind was
shaking the drying whispering leaves. 18. As the situation
was urgent, we had to go ahead. 19. When the greetings
were over, Old Jolyon seated himself in a wicker chair. 20.
The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy
junctions in England: many railway lines pass through it.
21. We set off; the rain was still coming down heavily. 22.
After a private sitting room had been engaged, bedrooms
inspected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view
the city. 23. Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very
close in the room. 24. Thoughtful, Andrew finished his
omelette; his eyes were all the time fixed upon the
microscope. 25. There was in fact nothing to wait for, and
we got down to work.
26. The question was rather difficult to answer at once,
and I asked for permission to think it over.
27. He stood leaning against the wall, his arms were
folded. 28. There was very little time left; we had to hurry.
29. Of an evening he read aloud; his small son sat by his
side. 30. The new engines were safely delivered, all of them
were in good order. 31. Our efforts to start the car had
failed, and we spent the night in a nearby village.
322
Упражнение 394
Перефразируйте следующие предложения,
требляя независимый причастный оборот.
упо-
1. As our work was finished, we went home. 2. If the
letter is posted today, the news will reach them tomorrow.
3. If mother permits us, we shall go to the theatre. 4. When
the working day was over, she went straight home. 5. As a
storm was arising, the ship entered the harbour. 6. When
the packing had been done, the girls left for the station. 7.
As the stop was a long one, the girls got off the train. 8. As
the weather was perfect, Lydia played tennis every day. 9.
As the last month was a very busy one, she could not
answer her friend's letter. 10. If time permits, we shall come
a few days earlier. 11. When the third bell had gone, the
curtain slowly rose. 12. As the underground station was
not far, we
Запомните следующее предложение:
Time permitting, we shall go for a walk. Если
время позволит, мы пойдем гулять.
323
324
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 395
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.
1. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на каток.
2. Так как все было готово, она решила отдохнуть.
3. Так как было уже поздно, они никуда не пошли.
4. Так как погода была холодная, Джек спрятал руки в
карманы. 5. Так как быстро темнело, она поспешила
домой. 6. Когда солнце зашло, сразу стало темно. 7. Так
как наш разговор был закончен, я пошел домой. 8. Когда
письмо было написано, она быстро побежала на почту
отправить его. 9. Так как оставалось еще полчаса до
отхода поезда, мы решили поужинать на вокзале. 10.
Если погода будет благоприятной, спортсмены могут
показать хорошие результаты. 11. Мы долго
разговаривали: он задавал мне вопросы, а я охотно на
них отвечал. 12. Если условия позволят, я приеду к вам
на лето. 13. Так как было очень тепло, дети спали на
открытом воздухе. 14. Когда все приготовления были
закончены, мы отправились в поход. 15. Корабль
медленно плыл вдоль берегов Белого моря; сотни птиц
кружились над ним. 16. Было очень темно, так как на
небе не было ни одной звездочки.
17. Когда солнце село, туристы развели костер.
18. Так как было очень поздно, собрание было закрыто.
ГЕРУНДИЙ
I like seeing a good film.
Seeing a good film is a pleasure.
We thought of seeing a film after supper.
He went home without seeing the film.
Упражнение 396
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
герундий.
1. Repairing cars is his business. 2. It goes without
saying. 3. Have you finished writing? 4. Taking a cold
shower in the morning is very healthy. 5.1 like skiing, but
my sister prefers skating. 6. She likes sitting in the sun. 7. It
looks like raining. 8. My watch wants repairing. 9. Thank
you for coming. 10. I had no hope of getting an answer
before the end of the month. 11. I had the pleasure of
dancing with her the whole evening. 12. Let's go boating. 13.
He talked without stopping. 14. Some people can walk all
day without feeling tired. 15. Living in little stuffy rooms
means breathing poisonous air. 16. Iron is found by digging
in the earth. 17. There are two ways of getting sugar: one
from beet and the other from sugarcane. 18. Jane Eyre was
fond of reading. 19. Miss Trotwood was in the habit of
asking Mr. Dick his opinion. 20. His father disliked wasting
time on such trifles. 21. Avoid making mistakes if you can.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
22. The neighbours saved our life by lending us that money.
23. Beethoven continued writing music after he became
deaf. 24. Don't make so much fuss over losing your money.
1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. 2.1 am
thinking that I shall go out to the country tomorrow to see
my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? —
I don't know now; I thought I would go to the zoo, but the
weather is so bad that probably I shan't go. 4. I hear there are
some English books at our university bookstall now. — So
you are thinking that you will buy some, aren't you? 5. I
thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you
have eome, I won't go to the library. 6. We were thinking we
would plant roses this year.
326
Упражнение 397
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
герундий.
A: I'm really looking forward to going to New York.
B: Are you? I'm not. I can't stand visiting noisy cities.
A: But New York is wonderful. I love seeing the skyscrapers, the museums, the historical monuments, the
Statue of Liberty...
li: T hate visiting museums. I'm not looking forward t,o
going at all.
Л: Oli, it's so exciting! I like listening to the MI нш<1н of
New York — the traffic, the different
lllllfillll^CM. ..
/I Tim noliiel I run tell you, I di sli ke visiting noisy
i II Inn! Л Oh. < OIIH< on! II'II In- I n n . New York's n
great big
inch in/1, pot. мГ people from all over the world.
And the world capital is worth seeing. I want to
go to the Big Apple. It's so interesting!
Упражнение 398
В следующих предложениях замените придаточные
дополнительные герундием с предлогом of.
• E.g. She thought she would go to the country for the
weekend.
She thought of going to the country for the
weekend.
327
Упражнение 399
В следующих предложениях замените придаточные
времени герундием с предлогом after.
• E.g. When she had bought everything she needed,
she went home.
After buying everything she needed, she went
home.
1. After she took the child to the kindergarten,
she went to the library to prepare for her exam. 2. When he
had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it
was a great deal more important than he had thought at first.
3. After I had hesitated some minutes whether to buy the hat
or not, I finally decided that I might find one I liked better in
another shop. 4. When she had graduated from the
university, she left St. Petersburg and went to teach in her
hometown. 5. When he had proved that his theory was
correct, he started studying ways and means of improving
the conditions of work in very deep coalmines.
328
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
Формы герундия
6. Usually she enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind
helping them. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8.
But she doesn't like washing and ironing. 9. She hates
getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind
working a lot, you know. 11. She enjoys driving an
expensive car. 12. She has always dreamt of travelling round
the world. 13. But she hates flying and she's never been
overseas. 14. She has risen to be head of the company in
spite of being a woman in a man's world. 15. She loves
meeting people because she can't bear being alone. 16. She
loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 17.
She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she's
beautiful. 18. She hates being laughed at. 19. She likes being
stared at because she thinks she's attractive. 20. But she hates
being ignored.
Active
Indefinite (Simple)
Perfect
writing
having
written
Passive
being written
having been
written
Что значат эти формы?
Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие
значение разных форм герундия.
Что он любит?
Indefinite
(Simple)
Active
Passive
He likes telling fairy tales.
рассказывать
He likes being told fairy tales.
чтобы ему рассказывали
Чем он гордится?
4м
О
Active
*
Q)
Q.
Passive
He is proud of having spoken to this
outstanding person.
что поговорил
He is proud of havinq been spoken
to.
что с ним поговорили
Упражнение 400
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
герундий.
1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by
the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was
thinking of buying a new one.
4. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house.
5. She misses seeing the neighbours of course.
329
Упражнение 401
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
разные формы герундия.
1. The place is worth visiting. 2. Watching football
matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more
exciting playing football. 3. She stopped coming to see us,
and I wondered what had happened to her. 4. Can you
remember having seen the man before? 5. She was terrified
of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being
spoken to. 6. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the
porter stopped him. 7. After being corrected by the teacher,
the students' papers were returned to them. 8. I wondered at
my mother's having allowed the journey. 9. I understand
perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 10.
Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it.
11. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to
walk into the dining room. 12. On being told the news, she
turned pale.
330
Герундий
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения,
требующие после себя герундия:
to excuse
to keep (on) to
to avoid to
1
to finish
mind
burst out
cannot help to
deny to enjoy
to forgive to
give up to go
on
to postpone to
put off to stop
Упражнение 402
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
герундий.
1. I avoided speaking to them about that matter. 2. She
burst out crying. 3. They burst out laughing.
4. She denied having been at home that evening.
5. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling.
6. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 7. Please
forgive my interfering. 8. He gave up smoking a few years
ago. 9. They went on talking. 10. He keeps insisting on my
going to the south. 11. Oh, please do stop laughing at him.
12. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 13.
Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 14. I don't
mind wearing this dress. 15. She could not help smiling. 16.
I cannot put off doing this translation. 17. Though David was
tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover. 18. Her
husband used to smoke, but he stopped smoking two years
ago. But it was too late.
19. Have you finished washing the dishes yet?
20. Don't be nervous! Stop biting your nails! 21. He
postponed going to New York as he fell ill.
1
Только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях: a) Do
you mind me smoking? b) I don't mind having a dog in the house. См.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English, с 899.
331
Упражнение 403
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Перестаньте разговаривать. 2. Мы уже закончили
чтение этой книги. 3. Продолжайте петь. 4. Вы не против
того, чтобы открыть окно? 5. Он отрицал, что совершил
преступление. 6. Я очень люблю рисовать. 7. Мы
получили удовольствие от плавания. 8. Я не могла не
согласиться с ним. 9. Он рассмеялся. 10. Она бросила
курить. 11. Она избегала встречи с ним. 12. Мы отложим
обсуждение доклада. 13. Наконец, они перестали смеяться. 14. Она отрицала, что украла деньги. 15. Нам
пришлось отложить поездку на дачу до следующей
субботы. 16. Простите, что я потерял вашу ручку. 17.
Когда она закончит писать сочинение? 18. Я не возражаю
против того, чтобы остаться дома и поработать над моей
новой книгой. 19. Перестаньте дрожать. Избегайте
показывать этим людям, что вы их боитесь. 20. Я не могу
не беспокоиться о них: они перестали писать. 21. Я не
отрицаю, что видел их в тот вечер. 22. Он не возражал
против того, чтобы его осмотрели: он перестал притворяться, что здоров. 23. Он не может меня простить за
то, что я порвал его сумку. 24. Она отрицала, что взяла
мои часы. 25. Мальчик любит командовать своей
сестрой. 26. Лучше отложить принятие решения. 27. Не
могли ли бы вы дать мне книгу, когда закончите ее
читать? 28. Ее сын пытался избежать ответа на ее
вопросы, так как ему было стыдно, что он солгал ей
прежде. 29. Он не мог не думать, что его сын совершил
большую ошибку. 30. Простите меня, пожалуйста, что я
открыла ваше письмо по ошибке. 31. Я перестала есть
мясо и каждый день получаю удовольствие от более
здоровой пищи.
332
Герундий
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения,
требующие после себя герундия с определенными
предлогами:
to accuse of
to insist on
to agree to
to approve of
to be afraid of
to congratulate on
to depend on
to dream of
to feel like
to give up the idea of
to look forward to
to object to
to persist in
to prevent from
to succeed in
to suspect of
to thank for
to think of
Упражнение 404
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
герундий.
1. Не was afraid of waking her. 2. I'm looking forward to
going on holiday. 3. She congratulated herself on having
thought of such a good idea. 4. My friend succeeded in
translating this difficult text. 5. She suspected him of
deceiving her. 6. The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood
heartily for having helped him. 7. He gave up the idea of
ever hearing from her. 8. We are looking forward to seeing
you again. 9. He has always dreamt of visiting other
countries. 10. He persisted in trying to solve that difficult
problem. 11. The cold weather prevented the girls from
going for long walks. 12. Jane thought of leaving Lowood
after Miss Temple's marriage.
13. They accuse him of having robbed the house.
14. He never agreed to their going on that dangerous
voyage. 15. He did not approve of her drinking so much
coffee. 16. The teacher of mathematics did
333
not approve of his pupils dreaming. 17. All the happiness of
my life depends on your loving me. 18.1 don't feel like
seeing him. 19. I insist on being told the truth. 20. I object to
his borrowing money from you. 21. I stretched out my hand
to prevent her from falling.
Упражнение 405
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Благодарю вас, что вы прислали мне такие
красивые цветы. 2. Его обвинили в том, что он продал
важные государственные секреты. 3. Он отрицал, что
продал их. 4. Он настаивал на том, что невиновен. 5. Он
боялся, что его посадят в тюрьму. 6. Шум в соседней
комнате мешал мне думать. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы
поехать на юг летом. 8. Мальчик отрицал, что его
постоянно ругают и наказывают. 9. Я настаиваю на том,
чтобы поговорить с ним. 10. Я с нетерпением ждал
встречи с братом. 11. Мне что-то не хочется сегодня
играть в лото. 12. Ей удалось сделать очень хороший
перевод этого трудного текста.
Упражнение 406
Раскройте скобки, употребляя герундий в активной
или пассивной форме.
1. Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 2. She tried to
avoid (to speak) to. 3. The doctor insisted on (to send) the
sick man to hospital. 4. The child insisted on (to send) home
at once. 5. Do you mind him (to examine) by a heart
specialist? 6. He showed no sign of (to recognize) me. 7. She
showed no sign of (to surprise). 8. He had a strange habit of
(to interfere) in other people's business. 9. I was angry at
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
(to interrupt) every other moment. 10. He is good at (torepair) cars. 11. He was very glad of (to help) in his
difficulty. 12. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children
immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 13. In
(to make) this experiment, they came across some very
interesting phenomena. 14. The results of the experiment
must be checked and rechecked before (to publish). 15.
David was tired of (to scold) all the time. 16. The watch
requires (to repair)1. 17. The problem is not worth (to
discuss)1. 18. Jane Eyre remembered (to lock) up in the red
room for (to contradict) Mrs. Reed.
teacher handed them back. 14. After (to look) through and
(to mark), the papers were handed back to the students. 15.
These clothes want (to wash)1.
16. David was very glad of (to find) his aunt.
17. Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase.
18. You never mentioned (to be) to Greece. 19. She was
proud of (to award) the champion's cup.
20. I don't remember ever (to meet) your sister.
21. I don't remember (to ask) this question by anybody. 22.
The cat was punished for (to break) the cup. 23. The cat was
afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa.
334
Упражнение 407
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
герундия.
1. The machine needs (to clean)1. 2. I am quite serious in
(to say) that I don't want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry
for (to be) inattentive to his child. 4. She confessed to (to
forget) to send the letter. 5. The old man could not stand (to
tell) what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he
had no talent for (to dance). 7. The Bronze Horseman is
worth (to see)1. 8. After thoroughly (to examine) the student,
the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After
thoroughly (to examine) by the examination commission, the
student was given a satisfactory mark. 10. She accused him
of (to steal) her purse.
11. She reproached me for (not to write) to her.
12. This, job is not worth (to take)1. 13. After (to look)
through and (to mark) the students' papers, the
1
Обратите внимание, что после глаголов to want, to need, to
deserve, to require, а также после слова worth употребляется
active gerund, хотя по значению он passive.
E.g. My watch needs repairing (а не being repaired).
335
Упражнение 408
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
герундия.
1. The girls were busy (to pack) when one of them
suddenly remembered (to leave) the milk on the stove which
was probably boiling over. 2. Little David couldn't bear (to
recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss
Murdstone. They frightened him so that he couldn't help (to
make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (to displease)
them and (to scold). 3. I landed in London on an autumn
evening. My friends expected me home for the holidays, but
had no idea of my (to return) so soon. I had purposely not
informed them of my (to come), that I might have the
pleasure of (to take) them by surprise. And yet I had a
feeling of disappointment in (to receive) no welcome. I even
felt like (to cry). 4. The girl was proud of (to choose) to
represent the sportsmen of the school at the coming
competition. She thanked her classmates for (to choose) her
and promised to do her best to win.
1
См. сноску на стр. 334.
336
Герундий
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сравните:
I don't mind opening the window. I don't
mind his opening the window.
She did not object to doing the room. She
did not object to my doing the room.
She insisted on being allowed to go home.
She insisted on her son being allowed to go home.
337
4. She could not even think that the operation might be
postponed, (of) 5. There was little hope that James would
return on the same day. (of) 6. The thought that he had been
turned away by the doorkeeper made him feel miserable, (of)
7. The pleasant-faced middle-aged woman insisted that Olga
should come to her town to teach, (on) 8. Helen suggested
that they should go on a trip. 9. There is a possibility that my
father will join us for the trip, (of) 10. The girls knew that
the sportsman had been awarded a prize, (of) 11. I don't
mind if you walk to the underground station with me.
Упражнение 409
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
существительные и местоимения перед герундием.
1. Mother was surprised at her daughter having tidied up
the room so quickly. 2. My trying to convince him is of no
use. 3. When asked why she had missed the train, she said
something about her watch being slow. 4. She approached
without my seeing her. 5. She stayed in town the whole
summer because of her daughter being ill. 6. I had no idea of
his leaving St. Petersburg so soon. 7. Aunt's coming here
gives me much pleasure. 8. The librarian did not object to
the reader keeping the book one day longer. 9. She said that
she knew nothing about the door having been left open.
Упражнение 410
Замените придаточные предложения герундиаль
ными оборотами, вводя их, где необходимо, предлогами,
данными в скобках после предложения.
1. When they entered the house, they heard the last bell
ringing, (on) 2. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre,
(for) 3. The woman insisted that her husband should consult
the doctor at once, (on)
Упражнение 411
Замените выделенные части предложений герундиальными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию
предложения, где необходимо.
1. That nobody saw them was a mere chance. 2. Mother
insisted that her son should enter the university, (on) 3. The
place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he rejoiced at
the thought that he would come to live there, (of) 4. When he
entered, she stood up and left the room, and even did not
look at him. (without) 5. When Robert came home from the
college, after he had passed his examinations, he felt very
happy, (on) 6. In the darkness they were afraid that they
might lose their way. (of) 7. When he reached his
destination, he sent a telegram home to say that he had
arrived safely, (on) 8. Thank you that you helped me. (for) 9.
The new medicine may be recommended only after it is
approved by the Scientific Board. 10. You will never learn
from your mistakes if you do not write them down, (without)
11. When the boy entered the room, he glanced curiously
around, (on) 12. The patient felt much
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
better after he had been given proper treatment. 13. Just
before I left the classroom, I was approached by a fellow
student who asked me to help him. 14. Looking at the man
attentively, she remembered that she had seen him and
spoken to him on several occasions.
to the Bahamas. 7. They gave up the idea that they would
find work. 8. The girls were afraid that they might miss
the train. 9. I am thankful that I have been given a chance
to hear this outstanding singer. 10. Helen insisted that she
should be given that job. 11. I don't remember that I have
ever seen anyone dance like Plisetskaya.
338
Упражнение 412
Замените выделенные части предложений герундиальными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо,
соответствующие предлоги.
1. Do you mind if I smoke here? 2. Will you object if I
close the door? 3. Thank you that you did it. 4. My teacher
insists that I should read aloud every day. 5. Will Mary
have anything against it if I take her umbrella for some
time? 6. I remember that I have seen this picture
somewhere. 7. That you are against John's proposal does
not mean that I must decline it. 8. The fact that you took
English lessons some years ago helps you in your studies
now. 9. I am told that you are very busy.
Упражнение 413
Замените выделенные части предложений герундиальными оборотами, употребляя, где необходимо,
соответствующие предлоги.
1. Tom was afraid that he might be late. 2. Bill
remembered that he had walked about the factory gate for
months. 3. When the young man graduated from
Harvard, he returned to Russia. 4. Mary asked John to
forgive her that she had not answered his letter sooner. 5.
After we had passed our examinations, we had a very
entertaining evening. 6. Michael remembered that he had
enjoyed the trip
339
Упражнение 414
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы помочь ей. 2. Он
отрицал, что разбил вазу. 3. Она боится потерять свой
кошелек. 4. Я не одобряю того, что вы тратите так много
времени понапрасну. 5. Они подумывают о том, чтобы
поехать на каникулы в Италию, но они еще не решили.
6. Она упрекает (обвиняет) его в том, что он слишком
редко звонит ей по телефону. 7. Перестань плакать. 8.
Мой маленький брат не давал мне делать уроки. 9. Вы не
возражаете, если я приду немного попозже? 10. Продолжайте писать. 11. Папа возражает против того, чтобы
я шел с ней в театр. 12. Я не могу не смеяться, когда
смотрю на вас. 13. Он с нетерпением ждет получения
визы, чтобы поехать в США. 14. Она продолжала
принимать те же самые таблетки по совету врача. 15. Мы
пытаемся избегать в выходные дни ходить за покупками.
16. Мы получаем удовольствие от прихода наших
друзей.
Упражнение 415
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Мы оставили мысль о покупке новой мебели. 2.
Она боялась, что ее накажут. 3. Перестань-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
те разговаривать. 4. Я не отрицаю, что был там вчера. 5.
Я одобряю ваше желание учить немецкий язык. 6. Вы не
возражаете, если я пойду гулять? 7. Я не могу не
бояться. 8. Они подозревают, что эта женщина дает
ложные показания. 9. Продолжайте работать. 10. Я
настаиваю на том, чтобы повидать моего друга. 11.
Мама возражает против того, что я много играю в
футбол. 12. Он упрекает (обвиняет) меня в том, что я
ему не помог.
13. Он и не помышлял (и не мечтал) сделать это.
14. Она не могла не чувствовать, что он солгал ей.
15. Мальчикам в конце концов удалось разгадать
загадку (тайну). 16. У меня так сильно болят зубы, что я
больше не могу откладывать визит (не пойти) к
стоматологу (зубному врачу).
мощи в этой трудной ситуации. 16. Дождь только что
перестал (кончился, прошел).
340
Упражнение 416
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Я не могу не думать об этом все время. 2. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы пойти туда. 3. Мама возражает
против того, что я засиживаюсь до поздна. 4. Его
арестовали, так как полицейские подозревают, что он
террорист. 5. Вы не возражаете, если я буду курить в
этой комнате? 6. Я одобряю то, что ты помогаешь
бабушке. 7. Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать в Австралию.
8. Он бросил играть в футбол с тех пор, как заболел. 9.
Он боялся, что его забудут. 10. Продолжайте читать. 11.
Никто не одобряет игру в азартные игры. Всякий, кто
любит играть в азартные игры, должен (вынужден) быть
готов к потере денег. 12. Плохая погода помешала нам
поехать за город. 13. Цены продолжают расти. 14. Я с
нетерпением буду ждать ответа от моего сына. 15. Ты
зависишь от ее по-
341
Упражнение 417
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Он расплакался. 2. Я не могу не любоваться этой
чудесной картиной. 3. Мама возражает против того, что
ты поздно приходишь домой. 4. Я одобряю вашу
упорную работу. 5. Она отрицала, что помогла им. 6.
Перестань дразнить кошку. 7. Я боюсь простудиться. 8.
Если он будет намеренно стараться (упорствовать в
попытках) причинять неприятности, его уволят с
работы. 9. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы остаться в СанктПетербурге. 10. Он упрекает (обвиняет) тебя в том, что
ты не пишешь ему письма. 11. Вы не возражаете, если я
лягу спать? 12. Продолжайте делать уроки. 13. Она не
поблагодарит тебя за то, что ты потерял работу. 14. Она
собиралась помочь, но передумала. 15. Они с нетерпением ждут, когда увидятся со своими друзьями из
Швейцарии. 16. Вам не хочется (Вы не расположены)
сегодня вечером поиграть в теннис?
Упражнение 418
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Он думал о том, чтобы поступить в университет. 2.
Прекрати сердиться. Прости его за то, что он испортил
вечер в твой день рождения. 3. Я не могу не чувствовать
стыда. 4. Я поздравил своего друга со сдачей экзамена
по вождению машины. 5. Продолжайте разговаривать. 6.
Я настаиваю на
342
Герундий
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
том, чтобы сказать ему правду. 7. Они боялись опоздать
на поезд. 8. Я не одобряю того, что ты играешь в
компьютерные игры. 9. Мы оставили мысль о поездке за
город. 10. Она бросила танцы в прошлом году. 11. Мама
возражает против того, что я привожу в дом слишком
много друзей. 12. Вы не возражаете, если я позвоню
вам? 13. Ты обвиняешь меня в том, что я тебя обманула?
14. Студенты нашей группы с нетерпением ждут, когда
совершат круиз (турне) по Европе на каникулах в этом
году. 15. Его мама продолжает надеяться, что он скоро
позвонит или напишет. 16. Что помешало ей прийти на
его день рождения?
Упражнение 419
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Перестань бегать. 2. Он отрицал, что взял деньги.
3. Он боялся потерять друзей. 4. Она не одобряла того,
что он слишком часто ходил на вечеринки. 5. Я
подумываю о том, чтобы принять то предложение, так
как у меня опыт работы на компьютере, и я знаю, как его
использовать для выполнения этого проекта. 6. Мама
возражает против того, что он часто ходит в кино. 7. Мы
поздравили их с тем, что они выиграли матч. 8. Я не
могу не сердиться на него. 9. Он рассмеялся. 10. Вы не
возражаете, если я приведу моего друга? 11. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы спросить его совета. 12. Продолжайте писать ему. 13. Если ты будешь намеренно
стараться (упорствовать в попытках) задавать мне
глупые вопросы, я тебе и вовсе ничего не расскажу. 14.
Она никогда не умолкает (просто рта не закрывает). 15.
Люди действительно не могут продолжать так жить. 16.
Он упрекал (обвинял) нас в том, что мы его не
навестили.
343
Упражнение 420
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Мы бы и не подумали отпустить ее (позволить ей
уйти) домой в такую ночь. 2. Я не могу не опаздывать на
первый урок. 3. Вы не возражаете, если я возьму вашу
ручку? 4. Я не одобряю того, что вы играете в карты. 5.
Его обвинили в том, что он ограбил дом. 6. Он бросил
курить год назад. 7. Она имела обыкновение избегать
разговаривать с директором. 8. Мы оставили мысль
когда-нибудь увидеть его. 9. Он не боялся поседеть, но
он не вынес (ненавидел) бы появления лысины. 10. Мама
возражает против того, что он читает в постели. 11. Я
настаиваю на том, чтобы пригласить их. 12. Продолжайте обсуждать этот вопрос. 13. Люди в Британии и США
бросают курить, потому что они понимают, что курение
подрывает их здоровье. 14. Им пришлось отложить
поездку в Таиланд из-за самого опасного цунами. 15. Вы
подумываете выиграть миллион без упорного труда? 16.
Шум за окном мешал ей спать.
Упражнение 421
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Мама возражает против того, что я поднимаю шум
в доме. 2. Я не могу не сказать вам этого. 3. Его
обвинили в том, что он украл деньги. 4. Она не одобряла
того, что он курит. 5. Он бросил играть в шахматы. 6.
Дети боялись заблудиться в лесу. 7. Я настаиваю на том,
чтобы написать ему. 8. Избегай пить пиво, оно наносит
вред (подрывает твое здоровье) твоему здоровью. 9. Вы
не возражаете, если я открою окно? 10. Шум в соседней
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Герундий
комнате не давал мне заснуть. 11. Я подумываю о том,
чтобы ходить пешком на работу и обратно каждый день.
12. Продолжайте играть. 13. Моему другу придется
отложить поездку в Америку до следующего лета. 14.
Это перестало волновать (беспокоить) нашу маму. 15.
Мой двоюродный брат потерял все свои деньги, и ему не
хочется (он не расположен) никуда идти сегодня
вечером. 16. Она не могла не восхищаться самой
знаменитой русской церковью в Новгороде.
языку не мог не спросить меня об этом. 15. Водитель
боялся, что ситуация ухудшится. 16. Я не мог
согласиться, чтобы помочь ему и в этот раз. 17. Они не
могут не надеяться, что он все еще жив. 18. Родители
Джона дали свое согласие на его брак с этой девушкой.
19. Пожалуйста, извини меня, что я не съел весь обед. 20.
Его подозревали в нарушении закона и в том, что он
брал взятки. 21. Очень трудно бросить пить, играть в
азартные игры и принимать наркотики. 22. Она простила
его за то, что он не писал ей. 23. Управляющий
возражает против того, чтобы нанять (взять) ее
консультантом по связям с общественностью. 24. Он
должен „благодарить" только самого себя за то, что он
неудачник.
344
Упражнение 422
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя герундий.
1. Я с нетерпением жду, что она снова приедет в
Россию. 2. Он, бывало, выкуривал двадцать сигарет в
день, а в этом году он бросил курить из-за рака легких.
3. Вор отрицал, что украл ее бесценное бриллиантовое
кольцо. 4. Продавщицу упрекали (обвиняли) в том, что
она грубила и пренебрегала своими обязанностями. 5.
Его отец не одобрял использования грязного языка на
радио и телевидении. 6. Мой сын не хотел оставаться
менеджером на всю жизнь, поэтому он вернулся в университет в городе Петербурге. 7. Она настаивала на том,
чтобы позвонить в полицию. 8. Когда у меня простуда,
мне и есть не хочется (я не расположен к еде). 9. Мне
доставляет
удовольствие
(Я
люблю)
слушать
классическую музыку. 10. Кто мешает нам исполнять
(выполнять) свои обязанности должным образом? 11.
Мишин дядя одобряет то, что он учит иностранные
языки. 12. Цена картины была так высока, что он и
мечтать (думать) не мог купить ее. 13. Он отрицал, что
совершил несколько преступлений, включая кражу денег
и два убийства. 14. Учитель по английскому
345
Герундий и отглагольное существительное
347
Упражнение 423
ПРИЧАСТИЕ, ГЕРУНДИЙ
И ОТГЛАГОЛЬНОЕ
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
Обратите внимание на различные
значения ing-формы:
В следующих предложениях reading — причастие:
My brother is reading a book. In the library you can see
many people reading books-Reading his newspaper, the
old man fell asleep.
В следующих предложениях reading — герундий:
Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure. It is no
use reading these notes. I like reading a good book. I am
thinking of reading a new A. Christie book. I remember
reading a very clever article on market economy.
Сравните эти два предложения:
My brother is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury,
причастие
My dream is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury,
герундий
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием.
1. a) When we entered the classroom, we saw many students writing at the desks.
b) Do you mind my writing with your pen?
c) He was writing a letter when I entered the room.
2. a) We all listened with great interest to the
speaker criticizing the new book.
b) Criticizing the work of our sports club, he said that
it was not satisfactory.
c) They were criticizing the government for its failure
to limit air pollution at that moment.
d) I have no objection to your criticizing me.
3. Lydia could retell the English story she had
read without looking into the book. 4. Everybody ran
to meet the people returning from the city. 5. They
went home quickly, protecting themselves from the
rain by walking under the trees. 6. In this factory
much attention is paid to protecting the health of
the workers. 7. He stopped writing and looked
around. 8. In this picture you can see a young man
giving flowers to a girl. 9. Playing volleyball is
a popular sport for young people. 10. She left the
room without saying a word. 11. We had the pleas
ure of seeing the performance. 12. John likes study
ing history. 13. Never jump off a moving train. 14. Read
ing books out of doors is his favourite way of spend
ing the summer holidays, but he likes swimming and
going on excursions as well. 15. Running water is
always better than standing water. 16. The remain
ing cakes were given to the children. 17. The cakes,
348
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
remaining from the evening, were given to the children. 18.
You can learn what the new words mean by looking them up
in the dictionary. 19. Before going to meet his friend, he
went home to change his clothes. 20. They went out to meet
the returning women. 21. Returning home after a good
holiday is always pleasant. 22. Returning home after a good
holiday, he looked the picture of health.
Упражнение 424
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием.
1. Не was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2.
Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates.
3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children
were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat
climbed a high fence. 6. It is no use going there now. 7.
Coming out of the wood, the travellers saw a ruined castle in
the distance. 8. My greatest pleasure is travelling. 9.
Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 10. Growing corn
on his desert island, Robinson Crusoe hoped to eat bread one
day. 11. Growing roses takes a lot of care and attention. 12.
Having prepared all the necessary equipment, they began the
experiment. 13. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside
before going back home. 14. While translating the text, I
looked up many words in the dictionary. 15. I usualy help
mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 16.
Entering the room, I saw my friends smiling at me. 17.
Instead of phoning his friend, he went to see him. 18. The
boys continued
Герундий и отглагольное существительное
349
playing football. 19. Watching the playing kittens was great
fun for the children.
Сравните герундий и отглагольное
существительное:
Reading a good book gives me a lot of
pleasure.
герундий
The reading of a good book gives me
a lot of pleasure.
отглагольное
существительное
Упражнение 425
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
отглагольным существительным.
1. The singing of those beautiful folk songs impressed me
greatly. 2. Your having written is really no excuse for your
not coming on the day fixed. 3. Such doings can hardly be
explained. 4. The motor was carefully examined before
starting. 5. I am very pleased to meet you after hearing so
much about you. 6. Your hair wants cutting. 7. I shall look
forward to seeing you again. 8. It was no use talking about it
any longer. 9. Sleeping is necessary. 10. We felt so
disappointed at your having missed nearly half the
programme. 11. The building of this house will cost much
money. 12. Are you dressed for going out? 13. I hate the idea
of doing it once more.
14. Then came a general lighting of pipes and cigars.
15. But you don't mind being asked to help us, do you? 16.
The forest resounded with the hooting of owls and the
howling of wolves. 17. She blamed herself for having been a
dull companion.
350
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 426
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием;
c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
отглагольным существительным.
1. The driving wheel of the machine is broken.
2. Driving in a motor car, we passed many villages.
3. We have every chance of passing our examinations well.
4. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor
man was at once taken to hospital. 5. You don't know what
you miss, not having the desire to listen to good music. 6.
These happenings are remarkable. 7. Travelling is a pleasant
way of improving one's education. 8. Every trust arranges
for the marketing of its products. 9. I was told of a great
friendship existing between the two captains. 10. It is no use
crying over spilt milk. 11. Asking him for help is useless.
12. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 13.
There are many discoveries being made all over the world.
14. Seeing this man, I recollected perfectly having met him
many years before.
Упражнение 427
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием;
c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
отглагольным существительным.
1. Sitting by her sleeping child, the worried mother at last
began to realize by its peaceful breath-
Герупдий и отглагольное существительное
351
ing that all danger was over. 2. I stopped knocking at the
door and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, began waiting
for my father to come. 3. With a sudden tightening of the
muscles he became aware of a figure walking noiselessly
beside him. 4. She praised herself for having come. 5.
Having stopped crying, the child quieted down to hard
thinking. 6. The old clock kept ticking on the mantelpiece, as
if counting the seconds left before the coming of daylight. 7.
Remembering that time was like going back to his childhood
and reliving those happy days. 8. Looking back upon that
time, he realized how happy he had been then. 9. Tom lived
there like a paying guest, attracting very little attention of the
others.
Упражнение 428
Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
герундием;
c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является
отглагольным существительным.
1. We sat by the riverside listening to the running of the
water. 2. The cleaning of the room was done by the girls. 3.
Working in the garden is very good for the health of people.
4. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the
play they had seen. 5. You should think before speaking. 6.
After finding the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down
and went on reading. 7. He spent much time on the copying
of his literature lectures. 8. What do you mean by saying
that? 9. The students found the reading of English
newspapers rather difficult at first. 10. Instead of going home
after school, the girls went for a walk. 11. Chalk is used for
writing on the blackboard.
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COMPLEX OBJECT)
353
glish," said my mother to me. — My mother wanted ... 9.
"Bring me some water from the river, children," said our
grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted ... 10. "Come to
my birthday party," said Kate to her classmates. — Kate
wanted ... 11. The biology teacher said to us: "Collect some
insects in summer." — The biology teacher wanted ... 12.
"Don't eat ice cream before dinner," said our mother to us.
Our mother did not want ...
Упражнение 430
I want him to help me. I'd
like him to help me.
Упражнение 429
Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение.
• E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me.
My brother wanted me to bring him a book.
1. The teacher said to the pupils: "Learn the rule." — The
teacher wanted ... 2. "Be careful, or else you will spill the
milk," said my mother to me. — My mother did not want ...
3. "My daughter will go to a ballet school," said the woman.
— The woman wanted ... 4. The man said: "My son will
study mathematics." — The man wanted ... 5. "Oh, father,
buy me this toy, please," said the little boy. — The little boy
wanted ... 6. "Wait for me after school," said Ann to me. —
Ann wanted ... 7. "Fix the shelf in Mir kitchon," my father
said to me. — My father w n i i l n l ... K. "It. will be very
good if you study En-
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы
все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор
посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им
сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 6. Он
хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет,
чтобы я изучала испанский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы
мои ученики хорошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не
хочу, чтобы ты получил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы не
хотелось, чтобы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, чтобы вы
меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил
первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14.
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она
хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо окончил школу. 16. Им бы
хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела,
чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы вы потеряли мою книгу. 19. Папа хочет, чтобы я была
пианисткой. 20. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к
нам в школу. 21. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам
эту историю? 22. Хотите, я дам вам мой словарь?
12 Ю. Голицынский
354
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
I expect him to come.
I know him to be a good pupil.
Упражнение 431
Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя
сложное дополнение вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений.
• E.g. I expect that she will send me a letter. I
expect her to send me a letter. I know that
he is a great scientist. I know him to be a
great scientist.
1. I know that my friend is a just man. 2. I expect that he
will understand your problem and help you to solve it. 3. I
expected that she would behave quite differently. 4. I did not
expect that my brother would forget to send her flowers. 5.
He knows that my mother is a very kind woman. 6. She
expected that her brother would bring her the book. 7. I
know that your uncle is an excellent mathematician. 8.
People expect that the 21st century will bring peace on the
Earth.
Упражнение 432
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я рассчитываю, что письмо придет завтра. 2. Он
рассчитывал, что учитель похвалит его. 3. Она не
рассчитывала, что они вернутся так поздно. 4. Я знаю,
что она талантливая певица. 5. Я знала, что он великий
ученый. 6. Мы не рассчитывали, что вы так много
сделаете. 7. Учитель рассчитывал, что ученики поймут
правило. 8. Я не ожидал, что он напишет такие
прекрасные стихи. 9. Она
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
355
знала, что он очень добрый человек. 10. Все знали, что
она прогрессивный ученый. 11. Я знаю, что твоя сестра
— очень способная студентка. 12. Все знают, что Байрон
— великий поэт. 13. Я не ожидал, что это случится так
скоро. 14. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нам поможете. 15.
Он ожидал, что министр ответит сразу. 16. Мы рассчитывали, что погода изменится.
I like her to sing. I
hate her to cry.
Упражнение 433
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я люблю, когда дети смеются. 2. Она не любит,
когда я с ней спорю. 3. Она не любила, чтобы мы
приходили поздно. 4. Он терпеть не может, когда я
опаздываю. 5. Наш учитель любит, когда мы задаем
вопросы. 6. Я ненавижу, когда ты забываешь свои
обязанности. 7. Бабушка любит, когда Лена играет на
рояле. 8. Папа любит, когда я говорю по-английски. 9.
Мой дедушка не любил, когда дети разговаривали за
столом. 10. Он терпеть не мог, когда мы ломали
игрушки. 11. Он любил, когда мы играли в тихие игры.
Mother made me eat the soup.
Упражнение 434
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. 2.
Она не могла заставить его ложиться спать
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
рано. 3. Собака заставила кошку взобраться на дерево. 4.
Учитель заставил ее переписать упражнение. 5. Она
заставила собаку перепрыгнуть через забор. 6. Он
заставил брата прыгнуть в воду. 7. Дождь заставил нас
вернуться домой. 8. Заставьте ее надеть пальто: сегодня
очень холодно. 9. Почему вы не заставили сына выучить
стихотворение? 10. Я не могу заставить свою кошку ловить мышей. 11. Когда ты заставишь своего друга делать
зарядку?
glish song. 13. John heard his sister. She was talking loudly
on the veranda. 14. We saw Ben. He was crossing the
square. 15. They heard their father. He was playing the piano
in the drawing room. 16. I can see the train. It is coming. 17.
I watched the rain. It was beating down the flowers in the
garden. 18. I saw a group of boys. They were eating ice
cream. 19. We noticed a group of people. They were digging
potatoes in the field. 20. Didn't you see her? She was smiling
at you. 21. The girl was singing. I heard her. 22. They were
talking about computers. He heard them. 23. You and your
friend were walking along the street yesterday. I saw you.
24. The little girls were playing on the grass. We watched
them. 25. The ship was leaving the port. He stood and
looked at it. 26. She was sleeping peacefully in her bed.
Mother watched her.
356
I saw him enter. — I saw him entering. I heard her
speak. — I heard her speaking. I noticed him frown.
— I noticed him frowning. I felt him tremble. — I felt
him trembling.
357
Упражнение 435
Перефразируйте следующие предложения,
требляя сложное дополнение с причастием.
упо-
• E.g. He was reading in the garden. She saw him. She
saw him reading in the garden.
1. We noticed a man. The man was cleaning his shoes. 2.
He saw two girls. They were dancing on the stage. 3. She
watched the children. They were running and playing in the
garden. 4. I saw her. She was arranging her hair. 5. We saw
our neighbour. He was listening to the latest news on the
radio.
6. The cat was rubbing itself .on my leg. I felt it.
7. They were fishing. We saw it. 8. The pupils were writing
a paper. The teacher watched them.
9. A caterpillar was crawling on my arm. I felt it.
10. We heard I. Arkhipova last night. She was sing
ing a Russian folk song. 11. I watched the sun. It
was rising. 12. I heard him. He was singing an En-
Упражнение 436
Перефразируйте следующие предложения,
требляя сложное дополнение с инфинитивом.
упо-
• E.g. He dropped his bag. I saw it. I saw
him drop his bag.
1. The boy noticed a bird. It flew on to the bush near the
window. 2. Jane saw her neighbour. He opened the door of
his flat and went in. 3. I saw him. He pointed to a picture on
the wall. 4. I heard him. He shut the door of the study. 5. We
saw that the children climbed to the tops of the trees. 6. I
noticed that Henry went up and spoke to the stranger. 7. He
slipped and fell. I saw it. 8. I heard that she suddenly cried
out loudly. 9. She bent and picked up something from the
floor. The policeman saw it. 10. I saw that he opened the
door and left the room.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
11. She dropped the cup on the floor and broke it. I saw it.
12. They turned the corner and disappeared. We watched
them. 13. The doctor touched the boy's leg. The boy felt it.
14. Pete bought some flowers. His friends saw it. 15. The
wounded hunter felt that the bear touched him, but he did not
move. 16. Shall we hear it if the telephone rings? 17. Tamara
saw that the waves carried the boat away. 18. The ship sailed
away from the shore. They saw it. 19. Have you heard how
he sings the part of Hermann in Tchaikovsky's "Queen of
Spades"?
urmchair. 20. I heard the door of the entrance hall open and
close softly. 21. In the little summerhouse Ht the bend of the
garden path he saw someone sitting. 22. He went back to the
window and, looking through it, suddenly saw her walking
down the path. 23. They all gathered on the hill to watch the
sun rise. 24. She watched her mother bending over the tea
things. 25. The people living in the north do not see the sun
come out for months. 26. The door creaked. He saw Irene
come in, pick up the telegram and read it. 27. At the stop she
saw another girl waiting for the bus. 28. I heard him tell the
teacher about it. 29. I heard him telling the teacher about it.
30. She heard people walking in the corridor. 31. She heard
somebody walk up to her door. 32. We saw some people
washing clothes in the stream.
358
Упражнение 437
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
оттенки значений сложного дополнения в зависимости
от того, выражена ли его вторая часть причастием
или инфинитивом.
1. Не felt her arm slipping through his. 2. She felt her
hands tremble. 3. Now and then he could hear a car passing.
4. He felt his heart beat with joy. 5. He felt his heart beating
with joy. 6. She could hear her father walking up and down
the picture gallery. 7. We saw him cross the street looking to
the left and to the right. 8. I felt the wind blowing through a
crack in the wall. 9. We stood on deck and watched the sun
going down. 10. I heard him playing the piano in the house.
11. It is nice to see people enjoying themselves. 12. We
watched the planes circling above us. 13. Nobody noticed
him come in and sit down. 14. I felt Nick put his hand on my
shoulder. 15. She felt tears roll down her cheeks.
16. I was so weak that I felt my knees shaking.
17. We saw them jump with parachutes. 18. He heard a car
approaching from the opposite direction. 19. In the room he
could see a man sitting in an old
359
Упражнение 438
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение с причастием или инфинитивом, в
зависимости от смысла.
1. Я слышал, как он открывает дверь. 2. Я слышал,
как он открыл дверь. 3. Я почувствовал, как он коснулся
моей руки. 4. Я чувствовал, что он касается моей руки.
5. Я видел, как птицы летят к лесу. 6. Я увидел, как
птицы полетели к лесу. 7. Мы увидели, что она
переплывает реку. 8. Мы видели, как она переплыла
реку. 9. Я не заметила, как он положил письмо на стол.
10. Я видела, как он поставил свой чемодан у двери. 11.
Мы видели, как она сошла с поезда и пошла по направлению к кассам. 12. Мы наблюдали, как он подошел к
окну, остановился, открыл журнал и стал читать. 13. Я
почувствовала, что кто-то смотрит на меня справа. 14.
Мы видели, как она выходила из дома. 15. Он слышал,
как председатель на-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
звал его имя. 16. Он почувствовал, что его руки дрожат.
17. Мы слышали, как они весело смеются в соседней
комнате. 18. Я заметил, что она побледнела. 19. Я видел,
что он встал со стула и пошел к окну. 20. Мать следила,
как ее маленький сын чистит зубы. 21. Он наблюдал, как
мама моет посуду. 22. Мы видели, что они медленно
приближаются. 23. Мы увидели, что они спят. 24. Он заметил, что она вздрогнула. 25. Я слышал, как он играет
на скрипке. 26. Мы слышали, как он заговорил с ней пофранцузски.
сто следили за тем, как обезьяны играют в клетке. 23. Я
часто слышу, как он играет у себя в комнате. 24. Вы
видели, как бежали эти два мальчика? 25. Он услышал,
как на улице плачет какой-то ребенок. 26. Дети стояли и
смотрели, как плавают медведи. 27. Мальчик следил за
тем, как кошка пытается открыть дверь. 28. Он заметил,
что они переходят улицу с двумя большими чемоданами
в руках.
360
Упражнение 439
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение с причастием или инфинитивом, в
зависимости от смысла.
1. Она видела, что Нина примеряет шляпу. 2. Алиса
видела, что ее сестра взяла книгу. 3. Он видел, что его
ученики стоят около школы. 4. Том видел, что она
вышла из комнаты. 5. Мать видела, что ее дети делают
домашнее задание. 6. Она видела, что Андрей сидит на
диване. 7. Николай видел, что Анна что-то пишет. 8. Она
не слышала, как я вошел в комнату. 9. Я не слышал, как
они разговаривали. 10. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как
она поет? 11. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он говорит
по-испански? 12. Я видел, что Коля пришел. 13. Я
видела, что Джордж идет по улице. 14. Я видел, что
Нелли читает. 15. Мы видели, как студенты танцуют. 16.
Мы видели, как разговаривали их родители. 17. Учитель
заметил, что ученики разговаривают. 18. Она заметила,
как отец вышел из комнаты. 19. Вы заметили, что они
смеются? 20. Вы заметили, что он ушел? 21. Мы
смотрели, как дети играют. 22. В зоопарке мы ча-
361
I want the work to be done = I want the work done
Упражнение 440
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное дополнение.
1. Не wanted his letters posted at once. 2.1 don't want my
papers looked through. 3. She did not want her child taken to
hospital. 4. She gave him some papers and said that the
client wanted them signed. 5. The teacher wants our
homework to be prepared well. 6. Would you like your
luggage carried upstairs? 7. I want a bedroom prepared for
my guest.
8. If you want things done well, do them yourself.
9. I should very much like it to be made clear to me.
10. The traveller entered the inn and ordered sup
per to be prepared.
Упражнение 441
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я хочу, чтобы эту статью напечатали в завтрашней
газете. 2. Она хочет, чтобы эту песню пели как можно
чаще. 3. Он хотел, чтобы его картины
362
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)_____ 363
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
видели во всех странах. 4. Ребенок хотел, чтобы его
мишку положили к нему в постель. 5. Она хотела, чтобы
ее сочинение проверили сейчас же. 6. Я не хочу, чтобы
это платье порвали. 7. Он не хотел, чтобы ему стригли
волосы. 8. Я хочу, чтобы мой велосипед привезли с
дачи. 9. Я хочу, чтобы этот ковер расстелили на полу в
гостиной. 10. Он не хотел, чтобы трогали его вещи. 11.
Вы хотите, чтобы эту картину повесили над камином?
12. Он хотел, чтобы траву на лужайке подстригли.
То have something done
Упражнение 442
Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения,
используя приведенные ниже подстановочные таблицы.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи)
• E.g. I must have my hair cut.
I must have my watch repaired.
I must have my photo taken.
I must have a new dress made.
I want to have my hair cut.
I want to have my watch repaired, etc.
1 must 1 want
to 1 am going
to
Have you had
have
my hair cut. my
watch repaired, my
photo taken, a new
dress made.
your hair cut? your
watch repaired? your
photo taken? a new
dress made?
did you have
When
Why
Where do you
usually have
your hair cut? your
watch repaired? your
photo taken? a new
dress made?
your hair cut? your
watch repaired? your
photo taken? your
dresses made?
Упражнение 443
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное дополнение.
1. I must have my hair cut tomorrow. 2. I have just had
my photograph taken and thought you might like to get one.
3. They had some dinner brought. 4. She had the children
looked after in the evening when she went out. 5. Ellen had
her needle threaded for her as her eyesight was getting worse
and worse. 6.1 must have these shoes mended. 7. I shall have
my son taught music. 8. The planters had the trees in the
jungle cut down. 9. I shall have your taxi kept at the door.
10. I shall have your things brought up and unpacked at
once. 11.1 meant to have this dress altered but I never did.
12. She has had no photographs of herself taken since her
childhood. 13. Have this carpet spread on the floor.
364
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
Упражнения на все изученные виды
сложного дополнения
профессионал. 6. Я хочу, чтобы это правило выучили. 7.
Я слышал, как кто-то постучал в дверь. 8. Когда ты
починишь свои часы? 9. Я знаю, что ваш брат болен. 10.
Мама заставила меня поехать за город (на дачу). 11. Его
родители не рассчитывали, что после школы он пойдет в
университет. 12. Я заставлю его принести книгу завтра.
13. Я рассчитываю, что он мне позвонит. 14. Мы хотели,
чтобы они достигли успеха. 15. Мы бы не хотели, чтобы
учитель подумал, что мы нарочно опоздали. 16. Он
услышал, что кто-то зовет его по имени.
Упражнение 444
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных
дополнительных предложений.
1. I felt that somebody touched me lightly on the
shoulder. 2. He heard that someone called his name. 3. I
saw that the telegraph boy handed the cable to the man.
4. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation.
5. I should like to see how he would say it to my face. 6. I
expect that you will join our excursion. 7. We had not
expected that she would reply, but she did. 8. We knew
that he was a clever man. 9. I don't like it that you repeat
this nonsense. 10. I hate it when people speak so cynically.
11. We expect that everybody will be ready by seven. 12.
They showed themselves even more narrow-minded than we
had expected they would be. 13. We did not expect that he
would return so soon. 14. He hated it when people argued
about trifles.
Упражнение 445
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Он терпеть не мог, когда люди громко смеялись. 2.
Мама хотела, чтобы я полила цветы. 3. Я видел, как она
вышла из трамвая и перешла улицу. 4. Я не ожидал, что
моя сестра получит тройку. 5. Я знаю, что ваш друг —
футболист-
365
Упражнение 446
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я хочу, чтобы вы были более внимательны. 2. Я
заставила ее выучить это стихотворение наизусть. 3. Они
не ожидали, что мы примем участие в обсуждении. 4.
Она терпеть не может, когда люди жестоко обращаются
с животными. 5. Шум самолета, летящего, высоко в
небе, заставил его поднять голову. 6. Нам лучше бы
войти в дом: я не хочу, чтобы вы простудились. 7. Я
хочу, чтобы эту пьесу поставили в нашем школьном
театре. 8. Где вы стрижетесь? 9. Я видела, как дети бегут
к реке. 10. Я знаю, что она лучшая ученица. 11. Она
слышала, как кто-то вошел в комнату. 12. Я бы хотела,
чтобы вы провели лето с нами. 13. У этой кинозвезды
украли мерседес несколько дней тому назад. 14. Мы
ожидали, что делегация приедет в конце недели. 15. Мы
заметили, что двое мужчин подозрительно себя ведут.
16. Я услышала, как разбилась моя хрустальная ваза.
366
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 447
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я не ожидал, что ты рассердишься. 2. Я не люблю,
когда дети остаются одни. 3. Я рассчитываю, что письмо
придет завтра. 4. Доктор заставил меня принять
лекарство. 5. Ваша мама уже сшила новое платье? 6. Я
не выношу, когда теряют ключи. 7. Я хочу, чтобы
диктант был написан хорошо. 8. Когда вы
фотографировались? 9. Вера услышала, как что-то
тяжелое упало на пол. 10. Мы знаем, что он великий
музыкант. 11. Он наблюдал, как мы играем в шахматы.
12. Плохая погода заставила нас вернуться домой. 13. Вы
видели, чтобы кто-нибудь дрался с ним? 14. Я не хотел,
чтобы ты оставался во дворе. 15. Мы хотим, чтобы наши
дети выросли активными и энергичными. 16. Мне бы
хотелось, чтобы он пришел.
Упражнение 448
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я хочу, чтобы зарядку делали каждое утро.
2. Вы бы хотели, чтобы я для вас станцевала?
3. Бабушка не любит, когда кошка сидит на кровати. 4.
Он почувствовал, как что-то тяжелое прижимает его к
полу. 5. Я хочу, чтобы вы перевели эту статью. 6. Она
рассчитывала, что он пригласит ее в театр. 7. Учитель не
хотел, чтобы мы оставались в классе. 8. Мальчик
наблюдал, как его отец распрягает лошадь. 9. Когда она
сшила это платье? 10. Буря заставила корабль вернуться
в порт. 11. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь взял этот
молоток? 12. Я рассчитываю, что ты останешься дома.
13. Вчера я сфотографировался. 14. Я тер-
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
367
петь не могу, когда собак держат на цепи. 15. Она не
услышала, как заплакал ребенок. 16. Я знаю, что ваш
брат — лучший ученик школы.
Упражнение 449
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я хочу сшить новое платье. 2. Я хочу, чтобы эти
слова помнили. 3. Дождь заставил нас остаться дома. 4.
Мы наблюдали, как корабль отплывает. 5. Я терпеть не
могу, когда бьют животных. 6. Вы видели, чтобы ктонибудь упал? 7. Все знают, что он трус. 8. Где вы
фотографируетесь? 9. Я рассчитывал, что ты придешь
вечером. 10. Я не люблю, когда ты получаешь плохие
оценки. 11. Я рассчитывал, что папа принесет мне книги.
13. Я почувствовал, как что-то коснулось моих волос. 14.
Мы часто слышали, как они спорят. 15. Она хотела,
чтобы он понял это. 16. Он хотел уйти рано, но босс
заставил его остаться.
Упражнение 450
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Папа заставил его переписать упражнение.
2. Я хочу, чтобы ты написал бабушке письмо.
3. Когда ты подстрижешься? 4. Он знает, что я большой
театрал. 5. Мы рассчитывали, что погода переменится. 6.
Учитель хотел, чтобы диктант переписали. 7. Я
услышал, как что-то тяжелое упало на пол. 8. Я видел,
как мальчик поскользнулся и упал. 9. Холодный ветер
заставил его надеть пальто. 10. Я хочу, чтобы вы поняли
свою
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
ошибку. 11. Я знаю, что она умная. 12. Он рассчитывает,
что я ему напишу. 13. Мы видели, как она переплыла
реку. 14. Ты должен сегодня подстричься. 15. Его семья
не ожидала, что это случится так скоро. 16. Мы
наблюдали, как лучи солнечного света пляшут по
водной глади.
3. Я видел, как корабль исчез за горизонтом.
4. Он услышал, как городские часы пробили двенадцать. 5. Мама хочет, чтобы мы поехали за город. 6.
Дети хотели, чтобы елку поставили в самой большой
комнате. 7. Мы рассчитывали, что он вернется в тот же
день. 8. Я хочу, чтобы вы пошли со мной. 9. Я хочу,
чтобы вы помогли мне. 10. Мама заставила меня поехать
на дачу в воскресенье. 11. Я видел, как он прошел мимо.
12. Я услышал, как дверь открылась. 13. Когда ты сошьешь себе новое платье? 14. Вы не можете рассчитывать на то, чтобы он пришел и помог вам. 15.
Полицейские знают, что он наркоделец, но еще его не
поймали. 16. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы работа была
закончена к воскресенью.
368
Упражнение 451
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Он наблюдал, как рабочие разгружают грузовик. 2.
Я знаю, что ваш отец — выдающийся спортсмен. 3. Моя
подруга не хотела, чтобы я писала это письмо. 4. Я
должен завтра сфотографироваться. 5. Я хочу, чтобы мои
книги вернули. 6. Я терпеть не могу, когда птиц держат в
клетках. 7. Учитель заставил его повторить правило. 8.
Она видела, что люди бегут по улице. 9. Я рассчитываю,
что учитель поставит мне хорошую оценку. 10. Я не
люблю, когда ты остаешься в школе после уроков. 11.
Когда она подстригалась? 12. Я хочу, чтобы эту музыку
играли каждый день. 13. Болезнь заставила его остаться
дома. 14. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь вышел из
комнаты? 15. Мама слышала, что мальчики так сказали?
16. Дети любят, когда им читают рассказы.
Упражнение 452
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Я знаю, что ваша сестра — прекрасная певица. 2.
Мы рассчитываем, что корабль придет завтра.
369
Упражнение 453
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Папа не хотел, чтобы Коля читал эту книгу. 2. Я
терпеть не могу, когда ломают вещи. 3. Она хочет
подстричься. 4. Я не люблю, когда Катя поет эту песню.
5. Все знают, что она очень смелая.
6. Я рассчитывал, что ты приготовишь уроки.
7. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь говорил с ним?
8. Она наблюдала, как дети играют в лото. 9. Мама
заставила его лечь в кровать. 10. Вы уже сфотографировались? 11. Я хочу, чтобы обед приготовили
вовремя. 12. Она хотела, чтобы он ее подвез? 13. Я знаю,
что он капитан футбольной команды этой школы. 14.
Она чувствовала, как слезы катятся по ее щекам. 15.
Мои друзья не хотели бы, чтобы она подумала, что они
не оценили то, что она сделала. 16. Учитель не может
рассчитывать, чтобы дети были спокойны все время.
370
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 454
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Мери заставила Тома вымыть руки и лицо снова.
„Я хочу, чтобы ты был чистым", — сказала она. 2. „Я
хочу, чтобы пол был вымыт к вечеру", — сказала мама.
3. Он слышал, как она вздыхала во сне. 4. Она была так
занята своими мыслями, что не заметила, как я вошел. 5.
Мы хотели, чтобы они рассказали что-нибудь о себе.
6. Я сшила себе новое платье на прошлой неделе.
7. В детстве я любил, когда мама пела мне песни.
8. Она почувствовала, что кто-то подошел к ней,
но не повернулась. 9. Мальчик наблюдал, как ме
ханик чинил холодильник. 10. Дэвид слышал, как
доктор вышел из комнаты матери и пошел вниз.
11. Никто не видел, как Джим вошел в дом. Никто
не ожидал, что он придет так рано. 12. „Я хочу,
чтобы все были счастливы", — сказал он. 13. „Вы
не можете заставить меня отдать вам ребенка", —
сказала мисс Бетси. 14. Сид видел, как Том вы
прыгнул из окна. 15. Я знаю, что ваш папа высо
кий. 16. Вы когда-нибудь видели, как он танцует
вальс?
Упражнение 455
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Солдат рассчитывал, что письмо прийдет через
неделю. 2. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нас навестите в
субботу. 3. Она слышала, как ее брат вошел в комнату. 4.
Я заставлю тебя хорошо учиться. 5. Нина хочет, чтобы я
тоже пришла. 6. Она чувствовала, как дрожат ее руки. 7.
Я рассчитывал, что вы
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
371
придете вовремя. 8. Мой отец хочет, чтобы я изучил два
иностранных языка. 9. Она не хотела, что-Лы я уезжал в
Англию. 10. Я рассчитываю, что вы мне поможете. 11.
Больной чувствовал, как сильно бьется его сердце. 12. Я
хочу, чтобы работа была сделана. 13. Мы видели, как он
перешел через дорогу. 14. Мы знаем, что он капитан
большого корабля. 15. Я не хотела, чтобы вы заучивали
этот текст нпизусть. 16. Вы никогда не угадаете, где я
сшила платье.
Упражнение 456
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Мы любили приходить в этот сад и наблюдать, как
играют дети. 2. Когда Роберт вышел в коридор, он
почувствовал, как кто-то дотронулся до его руки. 3. Она
хотела, чтобы детей привели в зал. 4. Том был очень
прилежным учеником и скоро заставил всех уважать
себя. 5. Я не хочу заставлять вас делать это сразу. 6. Я
хочу, чтобы ты сделала это сама. 7. Вы когда-нибудь
слышали, как он исполняет эту вещь? 8. Я хочу, чтобы
вы познакомили меня со своим братом. 9. Я люблю,
когда моя сестра разговаривает по-английски со своими
друзьями. 10. Аня не ожидала, что книга будет такая
интересная. 11. Я часто слышала, как он рассказывал
студентам о своей родине. 12. Мы часто видели, как они
работают в читальном зале. 13. Когда вам починили
машину? 14. Если я увижу Нину в библиотеке, я
заставлю ее рассказать мне обо всем. 15. Я знаю, что эти
люди — иностранные туристы. 16. Мама хочет, чтобы
ты не вмешивался не в свое дело.
372
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 457
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Он хочет, чтобы письма принесли в его комнату. 2.
Мы знаем, что они очень заняты. 3. Я хочу
сфотографироваться. 4. Я знаю, что он большой театрал.
5. Я рассчитываю, что ты напишешь мне письмо. 6. Он
услышал, что кто-то входит в комнату. 7. Я не люблю,
когда ребенок играет с собакой. 8. Я терпеть не могу,
когда рвут книги. 9. Гаррис не хотел, чтобы его жена
спрыгивала с велосипеда. 10. Где вы шьете платья? 11.
Мама заставила его надеть пальто. 12. Мать наблюдала,
как ребенок идет по комнате. 13. Вы видели, чтобы ктонибудь вошел в класс? 14. Он подстригся вчера. 15. Если
вы хотите, чтобы я вам помогла, дайте мне знать. 16.
Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки.
Упражнение 458
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Вы видели, как кошка поймала мышку? 2. Мне
хочется, чтобы вы зашли ко мне сегодня вечером. 3. Я не
спал и слышал, как кто-то вошел к нам в купе. 4. Я
видел, как они вместе шли по улице. 5. Никто никогда не
слышал, как она читает стихи. 6. Это заставило меня
подумать, как исправить ошибку. 7. Интересно, что
заставило его отказаться от поездки в Крым. 8.
Библиотекарь рассчитывала, что студенты возвратят
книги вовремя. 9. Я хочу, чтобы письма написали сегодня. 10. Профессор хочет, чтобы я еще поработал над
докладом. 11. Мы рассчитываем, что вы поедете с нами
на юг. 12. Они не хотят, чтобы мы
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
373
»то делали. 13. Художник наблюдал, как желтые листья
падают на землю. 14. Заходите, я рассчитываю, что мой
брат скоро вернется. 15. Ты уже починил свой
видеомагнитофон? 16. Что заставило передумать моего
дядю?
Упражнение 459
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
дополнение.
1. Наша микроволновая печь сломалась. Мне
придется починить ее. 2. Дождь заставил нас повернуть
назад. 3. Она почувствовала, как кто-то коснулся ее
руки. 4. Мы услышали, как зазвонил звонок. 5. Болезнь
брата заставила ее поехать в Киев. 6. Мы видели, как
этот человек вошел в офис. 7. Мой друг хочет, чтобы я к
нему пришел. 8. Я знаю, что ваш друг — очень
искусный фотограф. 9. Мы рассчитываем, что вы
примете участие в концерте. 10. Я знаю, что ты мой
друг. 11. Мама хотела, чтобы картошку купили на
рынке. 12. Я хочу, чтобы эти книги были возвращены.
13. Она рассчитывает, что учитель ее спросит. 14. Я
хочу, чтобы вы съездили во Францию. 15. Мы заставили
его заниматься английским языком. 16. Мы видели, как
он входил в офис.
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
375
Следующая таблица поможет вам переводить
предложения, содержащие Complex Subject.
Не was said to work a lot. — Говорили, что он
СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
(COMPLEX SUBJECT)
Не is said to know six languages.
Говорят, что он знает шесть языков.
Не was said to know six languages.
Говорили, что он знает шесть языков.
Не is said to have gone to London.
Говорят, что он уехал в Лондон.
Не was said to have gone to London.
Говорили, что он уехал в Лондон.
Обратите внимание, что сказуемое
выражено глаголом в Passive Voice.
... was said to ...
... was seen to ...
... was heard to ...
... was supposed to ...
... was believed to ...
... was expected to ...
... was reported to ...
... was considered to ...
... was thought to ...
... was found to ...
... was announced to ...
... was known to ...
много работает.
— Говорили, что...
— Видели, что...
— Слышали, что...
— Предполагали, что...
— Полагали, что...
— Ожидали, что...
— Сообщали, что...
— Считали, что...
— Думали, что...
— Обнаружили, что...
— Объявили, что...
— Было известно, что...
Упражнение 460
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное подлежащее.
1. Не is said to know all about it. 2. He was said to have
known the whole truth about it. 3. Juri Gagarin is known to
be the first man in the world to travel into space on the 12th
of April, 1961. 4. He is supposed to be a very good film
actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6.
Innocent people were announced to have been murdered by
terrorists. 7. The terrorist was announced to have been killed
by his own bomb. 8. The exhibition of 19th-century French
painting is expected to open by the end of next week. 9.
Monet's painting is reported to be on exhibition until the end
of the month. 10. The President of Russia was reported to
speak to the nation on television tonight. 11. The Ameri-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
can astronaut Neil Armstrong is known to be the .first man to
walk on the moon in 1969. 12. He is considered to be the
richest man in the world. 13. She is said to borrow money but
not bother to return it. 14. You are expected to be an obedient
and smart boy. 15. The students were supposed to come on
time and take part in the marathon. 16. You are supposed to
check your change before you leave the cashier. 17. He was
expected to pass the mathematics exam. 18. Mother is said to
know the right thing to do. 19. Sergei is thought to have a gift
for languages. His English is known to be excellent. 20. Anna
Mutter is believed to be one of the finest violinists in the
world. 21. Leonardo da Vinci is known to be a great Italian
painter of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is considered to
be one of his most famous works. 22. True friends are known
to be like diamonds, precions but rare. False friends are said
to be like autumn leaves found everywhere.
nothing. 12. He was said to be one of the most promising
nuclear physicists. 13. He is said to be a good translator. 14.
Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl.
15. Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend. 16. Becky
and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow
Douglas'. 17. The number of the unemployed is reported to
be increasing with every year. 18. Many new textbooks are
expected to be published soon. 19. The Moscow
Underground is said to be the finest in the world. 20. A hare
is known to run very fast. 21. The man was seen to take off
his coat. 22. The diamond content of the mines in Western
Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the worldfamous South African mines. 23. My close friend is known
to have learned "Eugene On-egin" by heart. 24. These
devices are considered to be very effective.
376
Упражнение 461
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное подлежащее.
1. Many books are known to be published in our country
every year. 2. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 3.
Radium is said to be very radioactive. 4. This device was
known to have been designed in that laboratory. 5. His
invention is considered to be of great importance. 6. The sun
is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 7. The
new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 8. This
type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 9. For a
long time the atom was thought to be indivisible. 10. The
helium atom was found to have two electrons. 11. I did not
know what I was expected to say to that, so I said
377
Упражнение 462
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя сложное подлежащее.
предложения,
упо-
• E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door. A
car was heard to stop outside the door. It is
believed that the poem was written
by Byron. The poem /s believed to have
been written
by Byron.
1. People consider the climate there to be very healthy. 2.
It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving
next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a
success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old
and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an
unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the playwright is
work-
378
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ing at a new comedy. 7. It is reported that the flood has
caused much damage to the crops. 8.. It was supposed that
the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that
this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists
consider that electricity exists throughout space. 11. It is said
that the wea-ther in Europe was exceedingly hot last
summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing
after the battle.
Следующие глаголы в предложениях, содержащих
Complex Subject, употребляются в Active Voice:
to seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
379
odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage
of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned
out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out
to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an
ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I
suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for
his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22.
You can easily get in through the window if the door
happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see
her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to
Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25.
You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by
going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not
seem to belong to him.
Упражнение 463
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
сложное подлежащее.
1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation
seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen
to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville
happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the
very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn
out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so
long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no
one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared
to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings
with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One
day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 10. The Tortoise
seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to
be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in
excellent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him
something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-
Упражнение 464
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя сложное подлежащее.
предложения,
упо-
• E.g. It appeared that they had lost the way.
They appeared to have lost the way.
1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have
heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was
coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the
idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a
long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It
appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so
happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It turned
out that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the
language of the article was quite easy.
380
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Запомните следующие предложения,
содержащие Complex Subject:
Не is likely to win the prize. — Похоже, что он
выиграет приз.
Не is sure to come. — Он обязательно придет.
Упражнение 465
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на
словосочетания to be likely to, to be sure to.
1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not
likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I
don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to
meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we
go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to
acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful
information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue
of the journal. 8. Mr. Worthing is sure to be back soon. 9.
These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10.
You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She
is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to
come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure
to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure
to help your grandmother.
Упражнение 466
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное
подлежащее.
1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII
веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в
десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
381
холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы
уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажется, устали. 6.
Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем
предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого
человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась
скучной. 9. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными.
10. Из трех сестер Брон-те Шарлотта считается наиболее
талантливой.
11. Как известно, английская писательница Вой-нич
жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала
русскую литературу. Считают, что русская литература
оказала влияние на ее творчество.
12. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней
историей. 13. Известно, что римляне построили на
Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что
поэма „Беовульф" была написана в VIII веке. 15.
Вальтер Скотт считается создателем историче-ского
романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места
назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18.
Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется,
пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже
две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21.
Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят
показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23.
Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24.
Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже
несколько лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на
все языки мира. 26. Вы, кажется, много читали до
поступления в университет.
Условные предложения _________
Ill
If the weather /s fine,
Если погода будет хороwe shall play outside.
шая, мы будем играть на
If you ring me u&, I открытом воздухе.
shall tell you someЕсли ты мне позвонишь,
thing.
я тебе кое-что расскажу.
УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.
СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ
НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ "I WISH"
If the weather were
Если бы погода была хоfine, we should play
Запомните три типа условных предложений:
рошая (сегодня; завтра),
outside.
мы бы играли на открытом
воздухе.
If you rang me up, I
Если бы ты мне позвонил
should
tell
you
something.
(сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе
кое-что рассказал.
If the weather had
been fine, we should
Если бы погода была хоhave played outside.
рошая (вчера), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.
If you had rung me
Если бы ты мне позвоup. I should have told
нил (вчера), я бы тебе коеyou something.
что рассказал.
383
Упражнение 467
Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение
три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III
типов.
• E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you
are free, I shall come to see you. If you were
free, I should come to see you. If you had been
free, I should have come to
see you. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. If I see
her, I shall be glad. If I saw her, I should be
glad. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.
1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my
friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother
(to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we
(to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you
(not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to
live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every
year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8.
If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9.
If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10.
If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
Упражнение 468
Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений
дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:
a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему
(II тип);
b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They
will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn't
come in time, shall we have to
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be .
obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your
glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are
late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he
be very displeased if I don't ring him up?
Упражнение 469
live in the south, I shall bathe every day.
come home late,
go to bed at once.
live in the country,
often go to the wood.
go to the wood,
gather many mushrooms.
receive his letter,
be very happy.
fall ill,
go to the doctor.
find my book,
be very glad.
lose my money,
be very sorry.
see my friend,
ask his advice.
Упражнение 470
Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения II типа, используя подстановочную таблицу.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
I wish
in the south
I were at home
If I were in the country
in the wood
at the camp
a scientist
a composer
a poet
a writer
a spaceman
a sailor
I should bathe every day.
go to bed.
go to the wood.
gather many mushrooms.
have a very good time.
invent a time machine.
write beautiful music.
write beautiful poetry.
write interesting novels.
fly to other planets.
sail to Africa.
385
Упражнение 471
Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения III типа, используя подстановочную таблицу.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
I wish
Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения I типа, используя подстановочную таблицу.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
If I
Условные предложения
I had
If I had
translated the article yesterday met
I should
found out all about
have
this discovery, told you
you yesterday
read this new book
something.
told you about it.
seen your brother
yesterday
bought a dictionary
learned my lesson
asked him to come
to our place.
translated the text.
rung him up yesterday
gone to the library
found out all about
his illness.
got that book.
had more practice
in chess
joined you in
fishing
had a ticket yesterday
asked you to help
me
called at that shop
won the game yesterday.
caught a lot of fish.
called on my friend
yesterday
won the championship
heard about it yesterday
13 Ю. Голицынский
got a good mark.
gone to the theatre
with you.
done the work well.
bought the book.
met interesting
people.
been sent abroad.
been pleased.
386
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 472
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to
have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I
shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded,
she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not
go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg
together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they
would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to
get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If
you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult)
the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a
beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at
home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great
progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat.
12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not
disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be
so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us
what to do.
Упражнение 473
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is
free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My
brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to
hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we
should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day,
you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five",
your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-
Условные предложения
387
er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If
these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If
you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to
be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not
read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12.
If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met
his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a
scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in
a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more
free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only
you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I
were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.
Упражнение 474
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of
course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to
stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about
her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so
bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the
poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me
your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text.
7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If
Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been
late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of
the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if
he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg,
he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go)
to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the
evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to
listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he
(not to spend) so
388
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought
the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not
live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had
warned me, I (to do) the work in time.
Упражнение 475
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to
you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to
be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't
reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much
stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more
courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had
been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to
put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have
melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her
immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring)
you my book.
10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.
11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able
to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you
did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons,
would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish
your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas
ily settle this matter with him.
Упражнение 476
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have
told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises
every day, your health would be much
Условные предложения
389
better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the
museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I
should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads
fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6.
If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures.
7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really
loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more
often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to
miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would
have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's
explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have
understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's
explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would
have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had written
the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your
mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If
your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.
Упражнение 477
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be cancelled. 2.
If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital.
3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his
umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket
money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't
missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live)
two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the
telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework carefully,
she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl.
8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would
have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not
to have) a rare
390
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had remembered
your address, they (to send) you a postcard. 11. If Tom saw a
car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the
people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you
(to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't
have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If
my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last
night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he
would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he
(not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you
would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring),
she would have been on time for work this morning.
Упражнение 478
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the
hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay)
calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been
trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1
shouldn't (wouldn't')1 have had a computer. 5. If she (to
smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone
the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If
he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday.
7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident
(not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my
sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it
was her birthday,
'В современном английском языке имеется тенденция к
употреблению "would" вместо "should" с первым лицом единственного и множественного числа в главном предложении
условных придаточных предложений II и III типов. См. Raymond
Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate
students: Unit 38 — If I knew his number, I would phone him.
Условные предложения
391
they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I
(to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they
(to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt
hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much.
13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you
(to get) the top mark in mathematics or English or if you (to
be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would
have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would1 be able to
fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done
his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million
pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had
been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.
Упражнение 479
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.
1. I am sorry that you do not read English novels; if you
(to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2.
You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to
read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's
coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not
to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to
be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How
slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I
am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to
be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the
railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have)
so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop working and let's go
inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we
(to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say
that you want to know
1
См. примечание на стр. 390.
392
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you
(to study) them.
Упражнение 480
Образуйте условные предложения.
1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl
did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3.
He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ...
4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a
bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you.
If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck
a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not
present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery
that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we
cannot sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the
frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to
go home. If ... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's
why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He
always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his
favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not
translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If
... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ...
16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why
I took a taxi. If ...
Упражнение 481
Образуйте условные предложения.
1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could
not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no
sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If
... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not
very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical
Условные предложения
393
plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an
excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am
not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this
merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6.
You know the material well enough, but you are very absentminded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If
... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in
trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he
hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they
got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got
drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat?
It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from
behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If
... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If
... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way.
If ...
Упражнение 482
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".
1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic
next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first
felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love
sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year
round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has
broken it.
5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.
6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I
wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good
time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink)
so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the
night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I
never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's
394
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Условные предложения
party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet)
again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that
performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this
horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he
(not to forget) to learn the rule.
Упражнение 483
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".
1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to
see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving
test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's
birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to
break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home
last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about
cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during
our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the
Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night.
12.1 wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I
(can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the
Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can)
appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often
wishes things (to be) different.
Упражнение 484
Перефразируйте
требляя "I wish".
следующие
предложения,
упо-
• E.g. It's a pity you are ill.
I wish you were not ill.
1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christmas. 2.
The student was sorry he had not studied the material better
and had shown such poor
395
knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for
us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5.
My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He
was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7.
It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I
am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What
a pity you don't know enough physics.
Упражнение 485
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".
1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль,
что он не достаточно серьезен.
2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б)
Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.
3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль,
что вы не пришли пораньше.
4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.
б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.
5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.
Упражнение 486
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".
1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое
воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы.
3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!
4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.
5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике.
6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет.
7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты.
8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Условные предложения
вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был
свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало
времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами.
13. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его
предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил
университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах,
если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не
читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она делает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не
побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так
поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не застали Колю дома. 22.
Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю
раньше.
If ... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does
not need any treatment. If ... 4. He will not go to see the play
as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If ... 5. He went to
Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is
fond of him. If ... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a
glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If ... 7. She
could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle.
If ... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did
not train enough last year. If ... 9. The pupils were active
because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If
... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because
they were inattentive. If ... 11. The pupils worked hard and
did well in their exams. If ... 12. She won't try to enter the
foreign languages department because she is not good at
foreign languages. If ...
396
Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи
употребления времен в условных предложениях
// и /// типа:
If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should
have rung him up. yesterday.
Условие относится к настоящему времени (// тип), а
следствие — к прошедшему (/// тип).
If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be
free now.
Условие относится к прошедшему времени (/// тип), а
следствие — к настоящему (// тип).
Упражнение 487
Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о
смешанных случаях.
1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If
... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to
the dentist to have his tooth filled.
397
Упражнение 488
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы
бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы
посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел
трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это
вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне
помогли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень благодарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову
поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сделали работу
вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свободны. 7. Жаль, что у
нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше
поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он
регулярно не посещал спортивные тренировки, он не
добился бы такого успеха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты
предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10.
Жаль,
398
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она
была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был умнее, он
бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не
прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас
дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не
испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали
музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы
бы знали, какой это замечательный композитор. 15.
Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер
состоялся.
Упражнение 489
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно
поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я
бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близко,
я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не прервали
нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы
он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился
так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был талантливым
художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку.
7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы
не были сейчас в таком затруднительном положении.
8. Если бы я не был так занят в эти дни, я бы помог
тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы
узнал меня вчера в театре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы
она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера.
11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали
этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то
не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители
были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину.
14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она
будет выдающимся музыкантом.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
___________________ CAN ___________________
Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу,
умею)
I can play the piano.
(умею)
I cannot swim.
(не умею)
He can answer the
question, (может)
He cannot understand,
(не может)
Can you sing? (умеете?) Can you
help me? (можете?)
I could not ski when I was little, (не умел) She
could not jump so high, (не могла)
Упражнение 490
Переведите на русский язык.
1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can
answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is
too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type.
She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can
find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have
lunch with me? — I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run
very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can
speak English well. 9. My broth-
400
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you
speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with
mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk already. 13.
The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14.
My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman
cannot sleep at night. 16. His sister can cook very well.
17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till
tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache
can't.
Упражнение 491
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can (could).
1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не
умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь говорить
по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на
коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не
могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас
понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В
прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а
сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне сказать, как
доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне
помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это предложение.
13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно
купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать,
когда была молодая? — Да, она и сейчас умеет.
ТО BE ABLE TO
Эквивалент глагола CAN
Не is able to do it. (может, в состоянии) Не
was able to do it yesterday, (мог) He will be
able to do it tomorrow, (сможет) He has been
able to swim since childhood.
(умеет с детства)
Модальные глаголы
401
Упражнение 492
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be able to.
1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропорта. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную
почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не
смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случилось.
4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне переехать в
новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь
сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не
сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен
и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем поехать в НьюЙорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить
мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать
директора, так как он был на конференции, но
сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать.
Упражнение 493
Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя
слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный глагол can (could) выражением to be able to, где это
необходимо.
1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I
was sure you could translate that article (after you had
translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to
the country (when you have passed your last
examination). 4. We can pass to the next exercise
(when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my
book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He
can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim
(since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this
serious competition (until you have mastered good
skills). 9. I could not solve the problem (before he
explained it to me).
402
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
_____________________ MAY ____________________
Разрешение (можно)
You may take my pen. (можете) You
may not touch it. (нельзя) May I
come in? (можно?)
В косвенной речи: Mother said that I might play.
(сказала, что можно)
Предположение (может быть)
It may rain soon, (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be
careful: you may fall, (можешь упасть)
Упражнение 494
Переведите на русский язык.
1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go
now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go
for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose
your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6.
May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the
child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a
pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is
red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and
mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children
play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may
be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true.
15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been,
may I ask?
Упражнение 495
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may.
1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гулять?
3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти
Модальные глаголы
403
домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться. 6.
Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я
думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор. 8. Если
ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть. 9. Не
уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее
нет ключа. 10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть.
11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12.
Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13.
Он может забыть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти
дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано
уйти сегодня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту
проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на
этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите,
можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? —
Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я
не очень уверена.
ТО BE ALLOWED TO
Эквивалент глагола MAY
We are allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешают) We
were allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешили) We shall
be allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешат)
Упражнение 496
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be allowed to.
1. Курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили
курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат
водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 4. В США вам
разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в
возрасте 90 лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться
папиным магнитофоном. 6. Дети уже большие. Им
разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не раз-
404
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
решают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позволили
прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не позволяют
разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позволили взять эту
книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой за
город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты
сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро,
когда ты был маленький? 14. Когда мне позволят есть
мороженое? 15. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на
экзамене.
Упражнение 497
Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или
выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be allowed to
только в тех случаях, где may (might) употребить
нельзя.
1. Не ... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy ...
leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join
his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I ...
get up for a few hours every day. 4. ... I bring my sister to the
party? 5. He asked if he ... bring his sister to the party. 6.
After they had finished their homework, the children ...
watch TV. 7. He ... join the sports section as soon as he is
through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother
said that everybody ... take part in the picnic. 9. If you pass
your exams, you ... go to the south. 10. ... I borrow your car,
please? 11. He asked if he ... borrow my car. 12. ... I have a
look at your newspaper?
Упражнение 498
Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.
1. ... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You ... go
when you have finished your compositions. 3. What shall we
do if the train is late? It ...
Модальные глаголы
405
be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had.
4. When ... you come and see me? — Let me see: I... not
come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday
I'll find time. Yes, you ... expect me on Sunday about three
o'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You ... come in when you
have taken off your boots. 6. Be careful: you ... spill the milk
if you carry it like that. 7. Most children ... slide on the ice
very well. 8. I don't think I ... be here by eleven o'clock
tomorrow, but I ... be.
Упражнение 499
Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.
1. ... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I ... be
able to help you. 3. I ... not swim, because until this year the
doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the
water. But this year he says I ... stay in for fifteen minutes if
I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite
free, and anyone who likes ... get books there. 5. I ... come
and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat
with you: it ... rain today. 7. Do you think you ... do that? 8. I
... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more.
9. ... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in
the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It ... be about six
o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the
language very well ... answer such a question.
Упражнение 500
Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can
(could).
1. ... you help me? 2. I ... not imagine her speaking in
public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
thing was wrong with the car: he ... not start it. 4.-A fool
... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 5. She
asked me if she ... use my telephone. 6. ... I use your
pen? 7. ... I find a pen on that table? 8. You ... read this
book: you know the language well enough. 9. You ...
take this book: I don't need it. 10. ... I help you? 11. ... I
ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing
... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ... be
endless, you know. 14. ... you tell me the nearest way to
the city museum? 15. They ... think that I am too weak
to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to
do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this
period of history very well: he had read everything on
the subject he ... find in the rich university library.
5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must
come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must
be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books.
9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This
is not important. — Not important! You must be
joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have
overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss.
13. She must stop eating much and she must lose
weight. 14. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're
going to have serious problems with your lungs some
day.
406
MUST
Долженствование
You must respect your parents, (должны)
You must not go there, (нельзя) Must I learn
it by heart? (должен?)
Предположение (должно быть) It
must be cold outside, (должно быть)
Упражнение 501
Переведите на русский язык.
1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must
learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It
must be very difficult to learn Chinese.
407
Упражнение 502
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.
1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя
на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день.
4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5.
Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она
должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно
быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны.
9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи.
10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он,
должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта.
Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен
уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не должны опаздывать.
15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не
писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я
должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта книга очень
ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Неужели вам
надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен признать, что я
неправ.
408
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
ТО HAVE TO
Эквивалент глагола MUST
Упражнение 504
Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем
времени.
I have to go there.
(надо)
I had to go there.
(пришлось)
I shall have to go there.
(придется)
I don't have to go there.
(не надо)
I didn't have to go there.
(не пришлось)
I shan't have to go there.
(не придется)
____________________________ i
Do you have to go there? (надо?) Did
you have to go there? (пришлось?) Will
you have to go there? (придется?)
Упражнение 503
409
1. It is quite clear to everyboby in the family that he must
start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It
is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask
the chief to put off my report. 3. I don't mean that you must
do everything they tell you. 4. It is already twenty minutes
past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first
lesson. 5.1 am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I
shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 6. We can't wait for them
any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has
happened. 7. I am thinking hard, trying to find a solution of
the problem. There must be a way out.
Переведите на русский язык.
1. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write
it on Sunday. 2. We did not have to buy biscuits because our
granny had baked a delicious pie. 3. Will you have to get up
early tomorrow? 4. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday.
5. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 6.
Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 7. Mike
had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it
at home. 8. They had to call the doctor because the
grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you have to stay at home
yesterday? — Because my parents were not at home and I
had to look after my little sister. 10. It was Sunday yesterday,
so he didn't have to be at work, but he had to do a lot at
home. 11. I am sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I had to work
late. 12. Why do you have to get up early tomorrow? 13. I
had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. 14. What did you
have to learn by heart? — At school, I had to learn a beautiful
poem "Leisure" by William Henry Davies.
Упражнение 505
Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений
дважды: в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяйте
модальные глаголы must и сап эквивалентами, где
необходимо.
1. You must listen to the tape recording of this text
several times. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She
can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can't
meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the
child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know
French well. 7. This child must spend more time in the open
air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this
work. 10. He can't join the party because he is busy.
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ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 506
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must или его эквивалент to have to.
1. Я должна
пойти в магазин сегодня.
сварить обед сделать уроки
пойти в школу написать
письмо брату
2. Мне придется пойти в магазин завтра.
сварить обед сделать уроки
пойти в школу написать
письмо брату
3. Мне пришлось пойти в магазин вчера.
сварить обед сделать уроки
пойти в школу написать
письмо брату
Упражнение 507
Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы и
ответьте на них.
1. Что вы должны сделать сегодня?
2. Что вам придется сделать завтра?
3. Что вам пришлось сделать вчера?
Упражнение 508
Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами сап, may
или must.
1. What ... we see on this map? 2. ... you speak Spanish?
— No, unfortunately I ... . 3. At what time ... you come to
school? 4. ... I come in? 5. You ...
Модальные глаголы
411
not smoke here. 6. ... I take your book? — I am afraid not: I
need it. 7. He ... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little
time: I ... go. 9. They ... not go to the park today because
they are busy. 10. You ... read this text: it is easy enough. 11.
She ... still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He ... be writing a
book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. He ... enjoy life.
14. My friend Danielle isn't a famous artist. But she ... even
paint Russian icons. I ... only admire her beautiful pictures.
She ... be a woman of great talents. She ... speak German,
French and English. She ... translate a lot of articles for the
Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She ... also teach
these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by
everything that she does.
Упражнение 509
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may или сап.
1. Можно мне взять вашу книгу? 2. На уроке
английского языка вы должны говорить только поанглийски. 3. Мы должны сегодня сдать тетради? 4.
Можно мне задать вам вопрос? — Пожалуйста. 5. Я не
могу пойти с вами в кино, так как я очень занят. 6.
Можно здесь курить? — Пожалуйста. 7. Он сейчас
должен быть в своем кабинете. Вы можете поговорить с
ним. 8. Можно войти? — Пожалуйста. 9. Вы должны
прочитать этот текст.
10. Может ли он выполнить это задание?
11. Я должен сегодня поговорить со своим другом.
12. Мы должны заплатить за электричество к концу
месяца. 13. Эта женщина — прекрасный водитель. Она
может водить даже автобус. 14. Можно мне бутерброд с
тунцом и чашечку кофе?
412
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ТО HAVE ТО — ТО BE TO
Необходимость
ТО HAVE TO — вынужденная необходимость
1
ТО BE TO — необходимость по договоренности,
плану или приказу
I have to go there. —
должен (вынужден)
I had to go there. —
пришлось
I am to go there. —
должен, предстоит,
(договорились, или
такое расписание)
I was to go there. —
предстояло
Упражнение 510
Переведите на русский язык.
1. I was to wait for her at the railway station.
2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.
3. We were to get there before the others. 4. He was to tell
her where to find us. 5. She was to graduate that year. 6. She
was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 7. He is to
come here at five o'clock. 8. The train was to leave at 5 am.
9. They were to start on Monday. 10. He was to telephone
the moment she was out of danger. 11. Roses were to be
planted round the pond. 12. There was to be a discussion
later on.
1
TO BE может употребляться как модальный глагол только в двух временах: Present Simple и Past Simple.
Модальные глаголы
413
Упражнение 511
Перефразируйте следующие предложения,
требляя модальный глагол to be to.
упо-
• E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The
lecture is to begin at eight.
2) I expect her to come and help.
She is to come and help.
3) It was planned that we should wait for them at
the door.
We were to wait for them at the door.
4) It was arranged that he should meet her at
the station.
He was to meet her at the station.
5) Who will take care of the children?
Who is to take care of the children?
1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2. It
was arranged that the youngest children would play on the
beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am
expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I
supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she
will share the room with you. 7. And who will do the
cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apartment houses
will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would
be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the
station?
Упражнение 512
Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.
1. Where ... the lecture to take place? — I suppose in the
assembly hall. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I ... to go to the
library and bring.the books.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
You ... to look through all the material here. Later we ... to
work together. 3. "You ... to do it alone, without anybody's
help," she said sternly. 4. I ... to help my friends with this
work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard
and we ... to wait until it stopped raining. 6. I ... to ask him
about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why
didn't you tell me that I ... to buy the books? 8. According to
the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils ... to return the
library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had
agreed before, we ... to meet at two o'clock to go to the
stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for another half hour, but then I ... to leave as I was afraid to be
late. 10. The meeting ... to begin at five o'clock. Don't be
late.
to sell the land. 11. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then
you ... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the
entrance. Is that clear? 12. The planters ... to gather their
cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains
were expected. 13. I ... to wear glasses as my eyesight is
very weak. 14. Johnny White ... to borrow from Luke Flint at
a high interest, for there was no one else in the district who
lent money. 15. "Cheating is a very nasty thing," said the
teacher, "and we ... to get rid of it."
414
Упражнение 513
Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.
1. She ... to send a telegram because it was too late to
send a letter. 2. They decided that she ... to send them a
telegram every tenth day. 3. You ... to learn all the new
words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? He ...
to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who ... to go to the
library to get the new books? — I was, but I couldn't because
I ... to finish some work at the language laboratory. 6. It is
raining. You ... to put on your raincoat. 7. "The patient ... to
stay in bed for a few days," ordered the doctor. 8. The child
had stomach trouble and ... to take castor oil. 9. I told her she
... to open the window for a while every day. 10. The
agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the
money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint ... to have the right
415
Упражнение 514
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.
1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде.
2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3.
Мне пришлось выучить это стихотворение к среде. 4.
Мне придется выучить это стихотворение к среде. 5.
Ему приходится учить это стихотворение сегодня, так
как он не выучил его вчера. 6. Вам не придется учить это
стихотворение. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это
стихотворение. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение
вчера, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе
нам предстоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10.
Выхода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11.
Мне было задано написать сочинение о творчестве
Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось перечитать
некоторые из его произведений, которые я плохо
помнил. 12. Мне придется посидеть дома эти дни. Врач
говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока
температура не будет нормальной. 13. Посидите здесь,
пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать.
14. Спектакль должен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы
должны
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
были отложить поездку, так как погода испортилась. 16. Если вы хотите хорошо овладеть языком,
вы должны очень много читать. 17. По новому расписанию у нас будет пять уроков английского языка
в неделю. 18. Мы решили, что школьный оркестр
должен играть на концерте. 19. Рано или поздно вам
придется пойти к врачу. 20. В будущем году мы
должны начать изучение астрономии. 21. Чтобы
разработать новую теорию, ученые должны были
провести бесчисленные опыты.
letter: I shall phone them. 9. She cannot buy bread. 10.
She need not buy bread. 11. He could not stay there for
the night. 12. He need not have stayed there for the
night. 13. We could not do all this work. 14. We need
not have done all this work. 15. She could not cook
such a big dinner. 16. She need not have cooked such a
big dinner. 17. They could not write the composition.
18. They need not have written the composition. 19. I
could not go to the library. 20. I need not have gone to
the library.
416
All
NEED
NEED NOT — отсутствие необходимости
(можно не...)
NEED ...? — надо...?
You need not do it. — можете не делать
Need I do it? — надо?
Сравните:
Ты не можешь делать этого. — You cannot do it.
Ты можешь не делать этого. — You need not do it.
Обратите внимание:
You need not have done it. — могли и не делать
(а сделали)
Упражнение 515
Переведите на русский язык.
1. You cannot read so many books. 2. You need not
read so many books. 3. Nick cannot go to school today.
4. Nick need not go to school today. 5. They cannot
translate this article. 6. They need not translate this
article. 7. My sister cannot write this letter: she is very
busy. 8. My sister need not write this
Упражнение 516
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол need.
• E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there. You
need not go there. 2) It was not
necessary to go there. You need not
have gone there.
1. Why do you want to do it all today? 2. It was not
necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner: we
have brought all the food the children may want. 3. It is
not necessary to take the 8 pm (train) to London. A later
train will do as well. 4. There was no necessity for her
to do it herself. 5. There is no reason for you to worry:
he is as strong as a horse. 6. There is no need for you to
be present. 7. Is it any use our going into all that now?
8. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation
was clear as it was. 9. Why do you want to press the
skirt? It is not creased at all. 10. It was not necessary for
you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the
date very well.
14 Ю. Голицынский
418
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 517
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол need.
1. Мне нужно тебе помогать? — Нет, спасибо, я все
сделаю сам. 2. Вы можете не ходить туда. 3. Ему незачем
беспокоиться о ней. 4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он
сам мне все расскажет. 5. Вам не обязательно звонить
мне: я не забуду о своем обещании. 6. Надо ли ей
покупать такую массу продуктов? 7. Она может не
ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу. 8. Вы могли и не
брать зонт: я уверен, что дождя не будет. 9. У нас много
времени в запасе, и нам незачем спешить. 10. Тебе незачем делать это сейчас. Ты можешь это сделать и
завтра. 11. Она может и не помогать. Все уже сделано.
12. Ему незачем было продавать свое пианино. 13. Вы
могли и не кричать так на ребенка. 14. Они теперь не
могут спать. — Им незачем было смотреть фильм
ужасов.
Упражнение 518
Вставьте модальные глаголы may, must или need.
1. ... I take this book for a little while? — I am sorry, but
I ... return it to the library at once.
2. Alec ... practise this sound specially, but the other pupils
... not: they all pronounce it properly.
3. They ... come any time they like between ten and twelve
in the morning, but they ... not come if they don't want to. 4.
... I go there right now? — Yes, you ... . 5. ... we hand in our
compositions tomorrow? — No, you ... not, you ... hand
them in after Sunday. 6. ... John really do this today? — No,
he ... not, he ... do it tomorrow if he likes. 7. You ... not let
this cup fall: it ... break. 8. ... I help you
Модальные глаголы
419
with your coat? 9. You ... park your car only in your own
space in the back of the building. 10. You ... have cancelled
your trip to Canada. But you have always wanted to visit the
largest French city Montreal and see your friend Nina.
Упражнение 519
Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must или
need.
1. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to
read it. 2. Why ... not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. ...
we do the exercise at once? — Yes, you ... do it at once. 4. ...
you pronounce this sound? 5. You ... not have bought this
meat: we have everything for dinner. 6.1... not go out today:
it is too cold. 7. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 8. We ...
not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We ... not
carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come
and do it. 10. When ... you come to see us? — I ... come only
on Sunday. 11. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ...
not, it is not necessary. 12. ... you cut something without a
knife? 13. Everything is clear and you ... not go into details
now. 14. He ... not drink alcohol when he drives. 15. Don't
worry! I ... change a light bulb. 16. By the end of the week I
... have finished writing my book. 17. She ... not call the
doctor again unless she feels worse.
MUST — MAY — MIGHT — CAN'T
в значении предположения
MUST — должно быть MAY — может быть
MIGHT — может быть (но маловероятно)
CAN'T — не может быть
Модальные глаголы
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
420
Упражнение 520
' Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения,
используя приведенные подстановочные таблицы.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)
Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
Не
must
may
might
can't
Не
must
may
might
can't
Не
must
may
might
can't
know your sister,
be busy, be ill. be
tired, be hungry.
be
have
sleeping,
working hard,
watching TV.
having dinner,
playing football.
forgotten your address,
lost your book, missed
the train, caught cold,
fallen ill. left the country,
sold his piano, bought a
car.
Упражнение 521
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may, might или can't.
1.
2.
3.
ли).
4.
5.
6.
Они, должно быть, работают за границей.
Они, может быть, работают за границей.
Может быть, они и работают за границей (хотя едва
Не может быть, что они работают за границей.
Они, должно быть, работали за границей.
Они, может быть, работали за границей.
7.
ли).
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
421
Может быть, они и работали за границей (хотя едва
Не может быть, что они работали за границей.
Он, должно быть, на работе.
Он, должно быть, был на работе.
Он, может быть, на работе.
Он, может быть, был на работе.
Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли).
Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли).
Не может быть, что он на работе.
Не может быть, что он был на работе.
Упражнение 522
Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых
модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а
затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. May I come and see you some day? 2. We asked the
teacher if we might use dictionaries. 3. Children may borrow
books from the school library. 4. I may show him your
reports later. I don't know. 5. Your hair is getting rather thin,
sir, may I advise to change your parting1? 6. Mother, may I
have a glass of light beer? 7. I may have wrecked my own
life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 8. Justice may be
slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 9. He may have
written the letter, but the signature is certainly not his. 10. It
might have been worse.
Упражнение 523
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол may.
предложения,
• E.g. Possibly you left your book behind.
You may have left your book behind.
'parting — пробор
упо-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
1. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home. 2.
Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 3. Perhaps he went
to the cafe to wait for us. 4. Perhaps it was Helen who rang
you up. 5. Perhaps they came by plane. 6. Perhaps she had a
very good English teacher. 7. Perhaps it was too cold for the
children to go out. 8. It is possible that he took his children to
the zoo. 9. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 10.
Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 11. Possibly Mary
misunderstood you. 12. Perhaps Henry waited for us there.
13. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 14. Possibly
they have seen the new play.
Упражнение 525
Вставьте модальный глагол may или might. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. ... I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me
if she ... (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it ... (not to stop)
raining by the morning.
4. Don't scold her: the task ... (to be) too difficult for her,
that's why she made rather many mistakes.
5. If they don't miss the train, they ... (to arrive) in time. 6.
Why isn't he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he ... (to
miss) the train. 7. He ... (to do) very hard work. That's why
he looks so tired now. 8. Don't throw the rest of the birthday
cake. He ... (to want) it for dessert. 9. It's raining cats and
dogs. ... I (to borrow) your umbrella, please? 10. Do you
know where I left the car keys? — You ... (to leave) them in
the garage. 11. They don't know where the money has gone.
It ... (to steal).
422
Упражнение 524
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол may.
предложения,
упо-
1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is
possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't
remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge,
but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there
was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was
as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to
show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be
ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 8.
Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why
didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about
it. 10. It is possible that your brother has never heard about
this singer. 11. Perhaps she tried to enter the university, but
failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people,
that's why you didn't get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our
friends will arrive here tomorrow.
423
Упражнение 526
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may.
1. Может быть, это неправда. 2. Может быть, он
занят. 3. Может быть, они знают. 4. Может быть, он все
еще за границей. 5. Может быть, она опоздает. 6. Может
быть, он сдаст экзамен. 7. Может быть, мы поедем на
Волгу. 8. Может быть, она придет завтра. 9. Может
быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 10. Возможно, она
пришлет нам телеграмму. 11. Возможно, они забудут
принести газету. 12. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки.
13. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними.
14. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 15. Возможно,
мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 16. Возможно, она уже
купила билеты. 17. Может быть, бабуш-
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
ка спит. 18. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 19.
Возможно, они сейчас как раз обсуждают этот вопрос.
20. Возможно, они как раз сейчас обедают. 21. Может
быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака.
lem. 7. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their
composition. 8. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 9.
Evidently the meeting was cancelled.
10. Evidently he forgot to send them a telegram.
11. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape
recorder. 12. Probably I left my bag in the canteen. 13.
Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 14. Probably
Mary forgot to call me. 15. Probably mother took my
umbrella. 16. Probably I have seen you before: your face is
familiar to me.
424
Упражнение 527
Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых
модальный глагол must выражает долженствование, а
затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. You must take a taxi if you want to catch that train. 2.
You must tell your mother about it. 3. But she must have
seen him! 4. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 5. Is
she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 6. "Oh,
Auntie," he answered, "you mustn't talk like that." 7. And
remember, you must come and see the baby as soon as you
can. 8. You must go home now, Georgie. 9. You must be a
fool to think so. 10. The work must have been carried out in
secret for quite a long time. 11. The question must be solved
before we begin doing anything. 12. Mind, you mustn't spend
all the money.
Упражнение 528
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол must.
предложения,
упо-
• E.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. I
must have left my textbook in the classroom.
1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2.
Evidently she has left the town. 3. Probably Mike has gone
to the teachers' room. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing
football. 5. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 6. Evidently
they have solved the prob-
425
Упражнение 529
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол must.
предложения,
упо-
1. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 2. I am almost sure
they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized
you by your photo in the papers. 4. He is sure to be in at this
time. 5. Of course, she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain
to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was already ill.
8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. No
doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she
is fond of the child.
11. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning.
12. Probably he was taken there by car.
Упражнение 530
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол must.
предложения,
упо-
1. Probably they have changed the school curriculum. My
granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I
was her age. 2. It is probably a very difficult rule. 3.1 am
sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque
place. 4. You have probably read books of this author
before. 5. I feel sure
426
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
they are preparing a surprise for us. 6. These old legends were
probably composed about a thousand years ago. 7. It is
probably nine o'clock now. 8. He is very old. I think he is
nearly eighty. 9. It is probably time to go now. 10. You have
been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 11. Where
are the children? — They are at the river with Nick. I am sure
they are having a very good time. 12. He has probably worked
very hard to finish his book. 13. She is a very experienced
doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at
least fifteen years. 14. Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel
sure she is at home. 15. The Smiths have always been great
football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the
football match.
Упражнение 531
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her
any more money. 2. They must (to be) upset when they heard
the news. 3. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It
would be so nice to see you again. 4. It's the third time he's
been playing the piano today. He must really (to enjoy) it. 5.
Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow)
at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman.
It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there
are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow.
It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh!
You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 9. You look very
tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 10. He knows
mathematics much better than he did last year. He must (to
work) a lot in summer. 11. Your mathematics is very poor.
You
Модальные глаголы
427
must (to work) at it in summer. 12. Where is Peter? — Oh,
he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very
difficult exam. 13. You must (to study) English for several
years already. Your language is very good.
Упражнение 532
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.
1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностранных
языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над своим
новым романом. 3. Наверное, они сейчас наслаждаются
прекрасной погодой. 4. Наверное, она пытается найти
старые письма. 5. Вероятно, они сейчас любуются
красотой южной природы. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся
с юга. 7. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно
быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он
все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все
приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12.
Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому,
он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Очевидно, здесь уже кто-то
был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно
быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет
дождь. 18. Вероятно, это здесь.
Обратите внимание:
Не had to go. — Ему пришлось уйти.
Не must have gone. — Он, должно быть, ушел.
Упражнение 533
Переведите на русский язык.
1. Не must be trying to find the lost stamp. 2. You must
try to find the lost stamp. 3. He must
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
have taken it. 4. Не had to take it. 5. She must be the
youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good
football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to
read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have
read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me?
10. They must be talking about us.
ру и объяснить свое поведение. 4. Вам придется
поговорить с ней. 5. Им пришлось очень долго идти
пешком. 6. Ему не придется переписывать сочинение. 7.
Должно быть, он пишет ее портрет. 8. Вероятно, они уже
ушли. 9. Ему предстояло совершить удивительное
открытие. 10. Мне предстоит сделать много работы
сегодня. 11. Мне пришлось идти туда самому. 12. Вам
придется немного подождать. 13. Когда он должен
прийти? (как вы договорились?) 14. Поезд должен был
прибыть через несколько минут. 15. К сожалению, они
не смогли пойти на вечеринку. Маме пришлось ждать
водопроводчика. Папе пришлось работать допоздна в
офисе. Тете пришлось позаботиться о маленьких детях.
Дяде пришлось ремонтировать машину. Не повезло!
428
Упражнение 534
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must или to have to. Употребляйте to
have to только в тех случаях, когда must употребить
нельзя.
1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2. Она, должно быть,
читает эту книгу. 3. Мама была больна, и мне пришлось
вести сестру в школу. 4. Они, должно быть, играют во
дворе. 5. Я должен был пойти в аптеку купить лекарства.
6. Должно быть, она пошла в аптеку. 7. Вы должны
поговорить с ней.
8. Должно быть, они сейчас разговаривают об этом.
9. Мне пришлось написать об этом сестре. 10. Она,
должно быть, написала сестре. 11. Он действительно
плохо себя чувствует (в плохой спортивной форме). Он
должен побольше двигаться. 12. Ты, должно быть,
Анина подруга. 13. Дети все еще не дома. — Их, должно
быть, задержали в школе. 14. Мне пришлось самой
решать свои проблемы. 15. Мы должны были оставить
свой дом. 16. Он, должно быть, шутит!
Обратите внимание, что в вопросительных предложениях глагол CAN может выражать недоумение
(неужели...?)
Can she have spent all the money? — Неужели
она истратила все деньги?
Упражнение 536
Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения,
используя приведенные ниже подстановочные таблицы.
(Упражнение на выработку автоматизации речи.)
Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
know your sister?
Упражнение 535
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, to have to или to be to.
1. Должно быть, он очень умен. 2. Должно быть, он
вас узнал. 3. Ему предстояло пойти к директо-
429
Can he
be busy?
be ill?
be tired?
be hungry?
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Can he be
Can he have
Модальные глаголы
431
sleeping?
working hard?
watching TV?
having dinner?
playing football?
leave the boy here for half an hour? I want him to help me.
11. "Oh!" she cried in surprise, "it's impossible! You can't
have done it!" 12. The island can be reached by boat or even
on foot when the tide is low.
forgotten your
address? lost your
book? missed the
train? caught cold?
fallen ill? left the
country? sold his
piano? bought a car?
Упражнение 538
Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли
произойти.
Упражнение 537
Перепишите сначала предложения, в которых
модальный глагол сап выражает возможность, затем
предложения, в которых он выражает вежливую
просьбу, затем предложения, в которых он выражает
недоумение, и, наконец, предложения, в которых
модальный глагол can't имеет значение „не может
быть." Переведите предложения на русский
• E.g. Yesterday I saw Pete in the assembly hall.
You can't have seen Pete in the assembly hall
yesterday.
1. The teacher permitted us to use the dictionary. 2. Nick
got up at seven and did his morning exercises. 3. It was Kate
who aired the room. 4. There were a lot of pupils in the
library yesterday. 5. It was John who broke the radio set. 6. I
saw Ann in the library yesterday. 7. Boris was in the canteen
five minutes ago. 8. Robert took two bags with him.
9. That was Ann who plugged in the tape recorder.
10. Nick has been doing the recording for two hours
already. 11. It was Mary who rewound the tape.
12. The teacher let me take the tape home.
Упражнение 539
1. "But they can't be as bad as he!" 2. Can you tell me the
way to the nearest post office? 3. A little bit of boiled fish
can't hurt you, you know. 4. Could you help me with the
translation of this article? I am afraid I cannot do it alone. 6.
He shut himself up in the study for the whole day, and I
could see through the window that he was writing busily. 6.
Can she have been waiting for us all this time? 7. She can't
come tomorrow because they will be working the whole day.
8. I simply could not refuse: they would have been hurt. 9.
He was not old. He couldn't have been more than forty. 10.
Could you
Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли
произойти.
• E.g. This old bracelet was found in Africa.
This old bracelet can't have been found in Africa.
1. This car was produced twenty years ago. 2. These
photographs were taken in the north. 3. This tape recording
was done last week. 4. James was given an excellent mark in
history. 5. Ann was given an excellent mark for her
geometry test. 6. This house was built at the beginning of
this century.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
7. This tower was built in the 9th century. 8. This book was
written by a very good writer. 9. This film was made by a
very good director. 10. This play was written by a very
clever playwright. 11. This film has been shot in a fortnight.
12. This book was translated into Russian in the 19th
century. 13. This castle was built in the 15th century. 14.
This picture was painted by an Italian artist. 15. This
computer was built ten years ago.
часов. 5. Не может быть, что он опоздал на поезд. 6. Не
может быть, что она обманула его. 7. Не мо-жет быть,
что вы сделали такую ошибку. 8. Не мо-жет быть, что
она провалилась на экзамене. 9. Не может быть, что она
предала меня. 10. Не может быть, чтобы он бросил курить. 11. Не может быть, что он сделал это. 12. Не может
быть, что он стал доктором. 13. Не может быть, чтобы
он перевел эту книгу.
432
Упражнение 540
Перефразируйте следующие
требляя модальный глагол can't.
предложения,
упо-
• E.g. I don't believe he is at home now. He
can't be at home now.
1. I don't believe that you are serious. 2. It is impossible
that she is a traitor. 3.1 can't believe that he has made such an
important discovery. 4. I can't believe that the teacher has
forgotten to correct our homework. 5. I don't believe the
work is too difficult for my friend. 6. I don't believe Jane
made such a mistake. 7. It is impossible that the cat ate all
the fish. 8. I don't believe that our papers were so poor.
9. It is impossible that you believed such a silly lie.
10. It is impossible that he has stolen the money.
11. I don't believe that they have heard the story before. 12. I
don't think that she is good at physics.
Упражнение 541
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can't.
1. Не может быть, что они сейчас дома. 2. Не может
быть, что он так много знает. 3. Не может быть, что они
сейчас играют во дворе. Уже поздно. 4. Не может быть,
что она еще спит. Уже десять
433
Упражнение 542
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол сап.
1. Неужели он хороший бегун? Он такой маленький.
2. Не может быть, что она уже окончила школу. 3. Не
может быть, что он ученый. 4. Не может быть, что он
был ученым. 5. Неужели она еще спит? 6. Неужели они
проиграли? 7. Не мог он этого сказать! 8. Не может
взрослый человек любить такие книги! 9. Не может
быть, что она вам это рассказала. 10. Неужели было так
холодно? 11. Не может быть, что она опоздала на урок:
она никогда не опаздывала. 12. Не может быть, что она
перепутала улицы. 13. Не может быть, чтобы это была
правда. 14. Неужели ты разорвал мою записку? 15. Не
может быть, чтобы он был в парке сейчас. Уже поздно.
16. Не может быть, что она это написала. Я уверен, что
это написал кто-то другой.
Упражнение 543
Вставьте модальный глагол сап или could. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. ... you (to ask) my sister to help you? I am very busy
today. 2. ... it (to be) seven o'clock now? 3. You
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Модальные глаголы
... not (to see) her at the party. She was at home working at
her English. 4. He ... not (to forget) your request: he is very
attentive to people. 5. I should be very happy if you ... (to
visit) us in the village. 6. I don't believe her, she ... not (to
forget) to bring the book. She simply did not want to bring it.
7. He said he ... (to finish) the task by Monday. 8. No, they ...
not (to be) twins. 9. He said we ... (to use) his computer. 10.
She was so tired. She ... (to sleep) for a week. 11. No, you ...
not (to have) another piece of cake. 12. Our son ... (to speak)
Russian and English before he was six. He is bilingual. 13. ...
I call my friend from your phone? 14. ... I (to have) the last
piece of your Christmas turkey? 15. We ... not really (to
decide) where to go on vacation. We might go to Italy, or we
might go to France. Last summer we visited Canada and ...
(to see) the Niagara Falls.
позже. 13. Я уже целый час ищу свою тетрадь по
литературе. Не может быть, что я ее оставил в школе. —
Возможно, ты отдал ее Кате. 14. Возможно, они уже
давно изучают французский язык. 15. Может быть, брат
приедет сегодня. 16. Возможно, она уехала за город. 17.
Мы, возможно, и встречались с ним в Новгороде, но я
этого не помню. 18. Вполне возможно, что она как раз
сейчас пытается дозвониться нам, а наш телефон не
работает. 19. Не может быть, что она закончила эту
работу так скоро. Она, возможно, сделала только
половину. 20. Не может быть, что ты потеряла деньги.
Ты могла положить их в сумку. — Нет, их нет в сумке. Я
могла выронить их в магазине.
434
Упражнение 544
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы can (could) или may (might).
1. Не может быть, что он уже уехал. 2. Неужели он
перевел всю книгу? 3. Не может быть, чтобы сейчас
было холодно на улице: термометр показывает
пятнадцать градусов. 4. Он не мог получить книгу,
потому что библиотека была закрыта. 5. Не может быть,
что он получил книгу: ведь библиотека была закрыта. 6.
Не могли ли бы вы показать нам дорогу на стадион? 7.
Не может быть, что она сломала ногу. 8. Я не пойду
гулять: она, возможно, будет мне звонить. 9. Где мои
книги? — Не знаю. Мама могла положить их в шкаф. 10.
Не может быть, что она разбила стакан: она такая
аккуратная. 11. Сегодня очень холодно. Возможно,
выпадет снег. 12. Миша, возможно, придет
435
Упражнение 545
Перефразируйте следующие предложения,
требляя модальные глаголы must, may или can't.
упо-
1. I am sure you are tired: you have been working for
hours. 2. Perhaps he visited the Hermitage when he was in
St. Petersburg last year. 3. I am sure it is a very deep lake. 4.
Probably that building in the distance is the station. 5.1 don't
believe you have lost your passport; probably you have put it
into another bag. 6. Perhaps the girl was frightened. 7.
Probably you left your textbook in the canteen. 8.1 don't
believe they will give up such a brilliant idea. 9. You look
pale. Probably you are tired. 10. I don't believe that this boy
is a good friend.
Упражнение 546
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may или can't.
1. Торопись: ты можешь опоздать на поезд. 2. Он,
может быть, заболел. 3. Он, может быть,
436
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
болеет. 4. Не может быть, что он забыл купить цветы. 5.
Не может быть, что он поссорился с ней. 6. Наверное,
она узнала об этом от Маши. 7. Это, должно быть, была
очень трудная задача. 8. На улице, должно быть, очень
холодно. 9. Она, должно быть, встретила их по пути
домой. 10. Не может быть, что они продали свой дом. 11.
Они, может быть, приедут завтра. 12. Моя сестра, должно быть, сейчас в библиотеке. 13. Не может быть, что
он занял первое место. 14. Может быть, он и слышал об
этом (хотя едва ли). 15. Мама, должно быть, купила
конфеты. 16. Она, может быть, звонила мне вчера, а меня
не было дома. 17. Может быть, он и в школе сейчас (хотя
едва ли). 18. Не может быть, что она такая молодая. Ей,
должно быть, не меньше тридцати лет. 19. Должно быть,
вокруг вашей деревни растут густые леса. 20. Не может
быть, что он написал письмо так быстро. 21. Может
быть, мы пойдем на пляж: погода чудесная. 22. Это,
очевидно, очень древняя рукопись. 23. Давайте позвоним
Роберту: нам может понадобиться его совет.
SHOULD
Следовало бы
You should work more seriously. - — Вам следовало бы работать серьезнее.
Сравните:
You should do it. — Вам следовало бы сделать
это (теперь).
You should have done it. — Вам следовало бы
сделать это (раньше).
You should not do it. — Вам не следовало бы
делать этого (теперь).
You should not have done it. — Вам не следовало бы делать этого (раньше).
Модальные глаголы
437
Обратите внимание:
You should have done it. — следовало сделать
(а вы не сделали)
You should not have done it. — не следовало
делать (а вы сделали)
Упражнение 547
Дайте совет, используя модальный глагол should и
слова, данные в скобках.
• E.g. Her diction is not very good, (to read aloud) She
should read aloud.
1. I have a slight irritation in my throat, (to smoke less) 2.
This child doesn't want to eat soup, (not to give her sweets
before dinner) 3. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes, (to
copy passages out of a book) 4. The dog is afraid of him.
(not to shout at the dog) 5. The students are unable to follow
what I am saying, (not to speak so fast) 6. The boy is a little
pale, (to play out of doors) 7. I am afraid you will miss that
train, (to take a taxi) 8. There is no one in. (to try the room
next door)
Упражнение 548
Переведите на русский язык.
1. You should know how to raise your children not to be
losers. 2. You shouldn't give the child everything he wants.
You shouldn't satisfy his every craving for food, drink and
comfort. Otherwise, he will grow up to believe the world
owes him a living. 3. You shouldn't laugh at him when he
Ricks up bad words. This will make him think he isn't cute.
It won't also encourage him to pick up "cuter" phrases. 4.
You shouldn't avoid use of the word "wrong".
438
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
This won't condition him to believe, later, when he is
arrested for stealing a car, that society is against him. 5. You
shouldn't pick up everything he leaves lying around —
books, shoes and clothing. You shouldn't do everything for
him, otherwise, he will be experienced in throwing all
responsibility onto others. Your child should know and do
his duties at the expected time. He should have sense of
responsibility. He should be a decent person. 6. You
shouldn't quarrel frequently in the presence of your child.
Otherwise, he will not be too shocked when the home is
broken up later. 7. You shouldn't take his part against
neighbours, teachers and policemen. They aren't all
prejudiced against your child. 8. When he gets into trouble,
you shouldn't apologize for yourself by saying, "I never
could do anything with him."
Упражнение 549
Скажите автору нижеследующих предложений, что
надо (не надо) было делать.
• E.g. 1) I bought that book spending a lot of money. You
should not have bought the book. 2) I did not
buy that book.
You should have bought the book.
1. So I took the child to the cinema. 2. We forgot to leave
a message for her. 3. We did not wait for them because it
was beginning to rain. 4. I did not put down her address and
now I don't know how to find her. 5. I did not explain to her
how to get here. 6. I bought a pair of red shoes to go with my
new dress. 7. So I told her frankly what we all thought about
her idea. 8. I have not seen the film, and now it is too late
because it is no longer on. 9. My pen was leaking, so I wrote
with a pencil. 10.1'am afraid I ate too much cake with my
tea.
Модальные глаголы
439
Упражнение 550
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол should в сочетании с требующейся
формой инфинитива (Indefinite Infinitive — Perfect
Infinitive).
A. 1. Вы бы сказали ей об этом. 2. Не следует
вам так поздно там оставаться. 3. Ей надо сейчас
же пойти к врачу. 4. Лучше наденьте шерстяные
носки. 5. Им лучше начать пораньше. 6. Не сле
дует говорить с ней по-английски. 7. Вам нужно
повернуть направо. 8. Лучше скажите кому-ни
будь об этом.
B. 1. Надо было сказать ей об этом. 2. Не надо
было оставаться там так поздно. 3. Ей надо было
сейчас же пойти к врачу. 4. Вам надо было надеть
шерстяные носки. 5. Им надо было начать порань
ше. 6. Не следовало говорить с ней по-английски.
7. Надо было повернуть направо. 8. Надо было
кому-нибудь сказать об этом.
Упражнение 551
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол should в сочетании с требующейся
формой инфинитива (Indefinite Infinitive — Perfect
Infinitive).
1. Вам следует работать больше. 2. Ей следует
слушать советы учителя. 3. Вам следовало бы извиниться: вы не правы. 4. Вам не следует пропускать
уроки английского языка. 5. Дети должны быть более
внимательны к своим родителям. 6. Ему следует
обратиться к врачу. 7. Ему следовало давно обратиться к
врачу. 8. Вы не должны давать ребенку столько конфет.
9. Ему следует прочитать эту книгу. 10. Ему следовало
уже прочитать эту книгу. 11. Вам следует пойти туда и
поговорить с
440
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
ними. 12. Вам следовало сходить туда (раньше) и
поговорить с ними. 13. Он не должен был так грубо
разговаривать. 14. Он не должен был забывать о моей
просьбе. 15. Ей давно бы следовало вернуться. 16. Тебе
не следует ходить туда. 17. Вам надо было прочитать эту
книгу в прошлом году. 18. Вам бы следовало поговорить
с вашим дядей, когда он приедет. 19. Ей не надо было
носить такие тяжелые вещи. 20. Ему следовало помнить
об этом.
21. Вы должны были попросить разрешения.
22. Вы не должны были беспокоиться.
Сравните:
You needn't have done it. — могли и не делать (это
было не обязательно)
You shouldn't have done it. — не следовало делать (плохо, что вы это сделали)
Упражнение 552
Прокомментируйте следующие действия, употребляя модальные глаголы should, shouldn't или needn't.
• E.g. 1) A boy was impolite to a girl and did not apologize. You should have apologized to the girl.
2) A pupil did all the exercises in writing even
those which were meant for oral practice. You
needn't have done all the exercises in writing.
3) Your aunt is running a temperature.
You should consult the doctor.
What will you say to the person who:
1) crossed the street under the red light?
Модальные глаголы
441
2) doesn't cross the street when the lights are
green?
3) doesn't want to cross the street by the subway?
4) doesn't take off his hat when entering a room?
5) did not help his classmate to clean the classroom?
6) has a splitting headache?
7) bought bread which was not necessary?
8) was not present at the meeting?
9) sent a telegram which was quite unnecessary?
10) went out without his coat and caught cold?
11) apologized for asking you a question?
12) didn't attend a very important lecture?
13) got up at six o'clock on Sunday morning, which was
not at all necessary?
14) read till two o'clock in the morning?
15) copied the whole text into his exercise book?
16) watered the garden, and it is raining now?
17) hasn't returned the books to the library?
Сравните:
You should have done it. — следовало сделать (а
вы не сделали)
You must have done it. — должно быть, сделали
Упражнение 553
Вставьте модальные глаголы should или must.
1. a) You ... have studied the material thoroughly. I see
you have made no mistakes in the paper, b) You ...
have studied the material thoroughly. Then you would
not have made so many mistakes.
442
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
2. a) She ... have followed the doctor's advice.
She would have recovered by now. b) She ... have
followed the doctor's advice. She looks very fine.
3. a) You ... have ignored the instructions of your
tennis coach. That's why you lost the game, b) You ...
have followed the instructions of your tennis coach.
Then you would have won the game.
4. a) She ... have forgotten to take her medicine, b) She
... have remembered to take her medicine.
5. a) I... have got on the wrong bus. I cannot recognize the places we are passing, b) I ... have looked
carefully at the number of the bus. Now I must change
buses, and I am afraid I shall be late.
Сравните:
(a 1 should have done it. — следовало сделать
я не сделал)
1 had to do it. - - пришлось сделать (сделал)
Упражнение 554
Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форту
инфинитива.
1. I could not stand that noise any longer. I ... (to go) out
and (to tell) them to stop. 2. How can you work in this noise?
You ... (to tell) the children to stop. 3. I ... (to take) a taxi,
otherwise I should have missed the train. 4. You walked all
the way here carrying this heavy suitcase. You ... (to take) a
taxi.
Модальные глаголы
443
5. They won't be able to buy anything but lemonade on the
train. You ... (to give) them some sandwiches at least. 6.
Mother was coming to dinner, so I ... (to bake) her favourite
cake. 7. You knew I was bringing people to dinner. You ...
(to bake) a cake. 8. He was out when we came, and we ... (to
wait) for over an hour. 9. It was raining hard. We ... (to
wear) our raincoats. 10. She is quite an authority. You ... (to
ask) her.
Упражнение 555
Вставьте модальные глаголы should или had to.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. Mike isn't here. He ... (to leave) early. 2. The car broke
down and they ... (to get) a taxi. 3. You ... (to disconnect) the
computer yesterday. There's something wrong with it. You
can't send e-mail now. 4. She ... (to go) shopping last Friday
because there was nothing in the fridge. 5.1... (to write) this
composition yesterday, but I was too busy as I ... (to
translate) a very long text from English. 6. I ... not (to take)
my little brother to the evening performance, he was so
excited; but I really ... (to do) so, for there was nobody at
home to leave him with. 7. You ... (to see) our team play!
You have missed a lot. You ... (to go) to the stadium. 8. It
was a very important meeting and we ... (to attend) it. That's
why we returned home late. 9. He ... (to attend) the lesson:
the material which the teacher explained was very difficult,
and now it will be impossible for him to write the paper well.
10. Although he felt unwell, he ... (to attend) the lesson,
because the teacher explained some very difficult material.
444
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сравните:
1 needn't have done it.
(а я сделал)
1 didn't have to do it. (я и не делал)
—
можно
было н делать
е
—
можно
было н делать
е
Упражнение 556
В следующих предложениях часть текста написана
по-русски. Напишите предложения полностью поанглийски, употребляя модальные глаголы need или to
have to.
1. а) Можно было не покупать сахар, and
I didn't go to the shop, b) Why did you go to the
shop? Можно было - и не покупать сахар: we have
enough of it.
2. а) Мы могли не тревожиться за нее, as we
knew that she was taken very good care of. b) He надо
было тревожиться за нас: you see that everything is
OK.
3. а) Можно было и не ходить туда, you have
wasted your time. They have phoned us and given us
all the instructions, b) Можно было не ходить туда,
and we remained at home.
4. а) Мне не надо было идти в библиотеку, as
I had all the books I needed, b) Незачем было ходить
в библиотеку: you have only wasted your time. Don't
you know that I'll give you all the necessary books?
5. а) Вы могли и не ездить в центр: you could
have bought everything you needed in the local shops,
b) Я мог не ездить в центр, as a very good department store had recently opened in our parts, so I
went there and bought everything I needed.
Модальные глаголы
445
6. а) Вы могли и не проверять правописание:
the computer can do all the correcting, b) Я мог не
проверять правописание: the computer did all the
correcting, so it did not take me long to complete my
work.
7. а) Я мог не звонить ему, so I went to bed at
once, b) It turned out that я мог и не звонить ему, as
he knew everything from his sister.
Упражнение 557
Вставьте модальные глаголы should, need или to have
to. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму
инфинитива.
1. You ... not (to go) out in this rain; as it is you have a
cold in your head. 2. It was Sunday, and we ... not (to go) to
school. 3. Everything is all right. You see that you ... not (to
worry). 4. You are out of breath. You ... not (to run): you
know how bad it is for you. 5. You ... not (to tell) her about it.
Now she is sure not to sleep the whole night worrying. 6.
You ... not (to go) with her: she knows the way perfectly
well. 7. You ... not (to put) so much pepper in the meat. No
one will be able to eat it. 8. You ... not (to give) them any
lunch. They can get coffee and sandwiches on the train. 9.
We don't accept credit cards. — Well, I just ... (to pay) cash, I
guess. Oh, I don't have enough cash. I ... (to give) you a
cheque. 10. If you see anything unusual you ... (to call) the
police. 11. There ... not (to be) any difficulty about getting
her a visa. 12. You ... not (to tell) him the news; he knew it
already. 13. According to the label, the orange marmalade ...
(to refrigerate) after opening. 14. I'm not particularly busy.
I've got a few things to do but I ... not (to do) them now. 15.
You ... not (to be) so impatient with him.
446
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сводные упражнения на
модальные глаголы
Упражнение 558
Переведите на русский язык.
1. Не must have sold his piano.
2. He may have sold his piano.
3. He might have sold his piano.
4. He can't have sold his piano.
5. He should have sold his piano.
6. He shouldn't have sold his piano.
7. He needn't have sold his piano.
8. He didn't have to sell his piano.
9. He had to sell his piano. 10. He
was to sell his piano.
Упражнение 559
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Они, должно быть, уехали в Нью-Йорк.
2. Они, возможно, уехали в Нью-Йорк.
3. Может быть, они и уехали в Нью-Йорк (хотя едва
ли).
4. Не может быть, что они уехали в Нью-Йорк.
5. Им следовало уехать в Нью-Йорк (а они не
уехали).
6. Им не следовало уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они
уехали).
7. Они могли и не уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они
уехали).
8. Им незачем было уезжать в Нью-Йорк (они и не
уехали).
9. Им пришлось уехать в Нью-Йорк.
10. Им предстояло уехать в Нью-Йорк.
Модальные глаголы
447
Упражнение 560
Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, can,
need).
1. I ... not believe. I failed another test. — But you ... go
to more classes and fewer parties. 2. Perhaps we ... meet next
week. 3. ... he speak English in childhood? 4. My neighbours
... grow their own vegetables. 5. ... you turn the music down,
please. 6. I ... not believe. I am already out of money. — You
... learn not to spend so much. — But I ... not help it, there
are just things that I ... to buy. 7. If you want to improve your
English, you ... work very hard. 8. ... I take this book? —
Certainly, but you ... not give it to anybody. 9. Mother, ... I
go to the country tomorrow? — No, you ... not. The doctor
says you ... stay at home for a day or two. 10. There is
something wrong with your television set. You ... call a
repairman. — Oh, we ... not do it! My brother ... fix it
himself. 11. ... we bring these textbooks every day? — No,
you ... not: you ... take them from the library. 12. ... you go to
the country with us? — No, I am afraid I ... not: I ... go to the
library.
Упражнение 561
Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, may,
can, need, to have to, to be able to).
1. You ... not come to help them tomorrow: the work is
done. 2. You ... not change the whole text as the beginning is
all right. You ... only rewrite the second part of it. 3. ... you
help me now? — I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I
shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about
eight, and I ... help you. 4. John ... not tell us the rules of the
game: we know them. 5. ... I return the book to you on
Friday? I am afraid I ... not finish it before. —
448
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
No, that is too late. You ... bring it to me not later than
Wednesday. 6. It is already six o'clock. We ... hurry if we
don't want to be late. 7. ... you translate this text into English?
— I think I .... 8. They spent all the morning on the river
bank. Only Ann ... return home as she ... not stay in the sun
for such a long time. 9. How do you feel when you ... take a
test? — I'm always a little frightened and unhappy. 10. She ...
decorate a room nicely. 11. We ... not afford to pay the bill.
12. He's got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every
two weeks. 13. Ann ... not go to his birthday party yesterday
because she ... go to the dentist. 14. You ... take medicine
three times a day before meals. You ... not stop taking it until
you have finished the bottle. Don't forget. You ... drink water
as much as you ... . You ... get up tomorrow if you like. You
... not stay in bed all the time. But you ... not do any work at
all. You ... just relax for a few days.
Упражнение 562
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, may,
needn't).
1. Вы можете взять эту книгу, если хотите.
2. Вы можете взять эту книгу: она не тяжелая.
3. Вы можете и не брать эту книгу. 4. Я не могу взять
эту книгу. 5. Подумай только: можно было и не ходить
туда. 6. Можешь сразу не соглашаться: подумай
несколько дней. 7. Можете сегодня туда пойти. 8.
Можете сегодня туда не ходить. 9. Можете не
переписывать сочинение. 10. Можете остаться: ведь у
вас есть время. 11. Можете остаться, если хотите. 12.
Можете не оставаться, если не хотите. 13. Можете не
говорить ему об этом. 14. Можете сказать ему об этом.
15. Нам
Модальные глаголы
449
можно не повторять эти правила: мы их знаем.
16. Можно было и не писать сочинение. 17. Он мог
и не приходить: все было уже сделано.
Упражнение 563
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы (can, can't, may,
must, needn't, shouldn't).
1. Ты можешь пойти туда: я не возражаю.
2. Ты можешь пойти туда: это совсем близко.
3. Ты не можешь пойти туда: ты не знаешь адреса. 4. Ты
можешь не ходить туда: я могу им позвонить. 5. Ты не
должен идти туда: они очень плохие люди. 6. Ты мог и
не ходить туда вчера. 7. Тебе следует пойти туда: они
тебя ждут. 8. Тебе следовало пойти туда вчера. 9. Тебе
не следовало ходить туда вчера. 10. Она, должно быть,
дома сейчас. 11. Она, должно быть, была дома вчера. 12.
Мы, может быть, придем к вам завтра. 13. Они, может
быть, приходили к нам вчера, но нас не было дома. 14.
Он, должно быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в
вашем городе. 15. Он, может быть, видел этот памятник,
когда был в вашем городе. 16. Не может быть, что он
знает эту картину.
17. Не может быть, что он видел эту картину.
Упражнение 564
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы и выражения
(can, can't, may, must, to have to, to be able to),
1. Я должна купить торт сегодня. 2. Мой брат не
умеет говорить по-английски. 3. Моя сестра умеет
говорить по-немецки. 4. Можно, я посмотрю вашу
фотографию? 5. Вы можете показать мне свою
фотографию? 6. Не может быть, что ему со15 Ю. Голицынский
450
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
рок лет: он выглядит гораздо моложе. 7. Не может быть,
что он забыл прийти. Он, должно быть, был очень занят.
8. Мы, может быть, поедем за город, если будет хорошая
погода. 9. Если сестра не купит мне кофе, мне придется
идти в магазин самой. 10. Я не могу найти свои часы. —
Может быть, вы оставили их на работе. — Нет, я не могла оставить их на работе: я никогда не снимаю их с руки.
11. Вы сможете поговорить с ним завтра? 12. Я, должно
быть, заблудилась. Вы не можете мне сказать, как
пройти к Эрмитажу? 13. Мне пришлось прочесть массу
книг, когда я готовилась к докладу. 14. Я не мог
вспомнить последние строчки сонета, и мне пришлось
звонить своему ДРУГУ-
Контрольное упражнение
1) Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
2) Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени в Active Voice или в Passive Voice.
3) Заполните пропуски подходящими модальными
глаголами.
4) Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся герундием,
одной чертой.
5) Подчеркните ing-форму, являющуюся причастием, двумя чертами.
Terrorism (to be)... global problem for ... airlines for ...
decades. However, although ... security at ... airports always
(to be) tight, ... 9/11 attacks (to make) it clear that ... new
measures (to be) necessary. As ... result, many new security
procedures (to put) into ... place. ... good rule (to be) to
Модальные глаголы
451
plan ahead and and prepare for ... strictest security policies.
Common sense and wise planning (to be) ... keys to ...
successful trip.
One of ... most important security measures at... airport
(to be) confirming ... identity of ... travellers. This (to do) by
checking ... photo ID, such as ... driver's license. If you (to
travel) internationally, you (Modal V.) to present your ...
passport. Simply taking ... look at ... photo ID (not to be)
enough, however. ... high-tech buzzword in ... airport security today is ... biometrics. ... biometrics essentially, (to
mean) checking ... fingerprints, ... retinal scans, and ... facial
patterns using ... complex computer systems to determine, if
someone (to be) who they (to say) they (to be) — or if they
match ... list of ... people ... government (to determine)
(Modal V.) be ... potential terrorists.
Here (to be) ... few notes and tips to keep in ... mind for
passing carry-on security screening:
1) Check with your ... air carrier for ... specific check-in
times if you (to be) ... carry-on traveller. Remember
screening ... lines (to be) longer during ... peak travel time
and ... Holidays.
2) Prepare for security screening, not just your ... carryon items but your ... check-in luggage and your ... person as
well.
3) Be ready to answer any questions and do not accept
items from ... strangers. Keep your ... luggage and ...
personal belongings with you at all time.
4) Any metal item (... buttons, ... zippers, ... hair
accessories, etc.) (Modal V.) set off ... metal detectors. You
(Modal V.) minimize screening time by reducing ... number
of these ... items on your ... person.
5) You (Modal V.) carry ... proper identity to indicate
any medical metal.
6) ... shoes (Modal V.) trigger ... alarms. You (Modal V.)
be asked to remove your ... shoes.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
452
7) Be prepared to open and activate ... carry-on electronic
items such as: ... laptops, ... cameras, ... cell phones, etc.
8) Avoid ... further delay by waiting to lock ... carry-on
luggage until you (to pass) through screening areas. Any
wrapped packages (Modal V.) be searched, so wait to wrap
any gifts or, if possible, pack such items in ... check-in
luggage.
9) Avoid ... additional scrutiny by not carrying ...
prohibited items, such as all cutting and puncturing items, ...
flammable liquids and containers under pressure such as ...
aerosols, ... matches and ... lighters, ... toy weapons, etc.
All rules and practices regarding security, canyons, and
other airline/airport practices (to be) subject to change
without notice, so it (to be) best to call your ... airline or
check with ... airport just before ... departure for ... latest
updates.
Фонетические символы,
используемые в словаре
Долгие гласные
а:
i:
see
[si:]
park
[ра:к]
Э1
ai
day
[de.]
boy
[bo.]
time
[taim]
эй
au
mouse toast
[maus] [taust]
1Э
еэ
из
ear
[Ю]
air
[eo]
poor
[puo]
1
pin
[pin]
e
pen
[pen]
Согласные
I
Si
К
о
со
р
press
[pres]
b
t
к
test
[test]
kiss
[kis]
d
4
baby
daddy gas
['beibi] [■daedi] [gas]
1
lift
[lift]
г
risk
[risk]
j
yes
[jes]
f
0
film three
[film] [6ri:]
V
a
visa this
[Vi.zs] [6is]
w
well
[wel]
m
man
[man]
s
i
tj
stop
[stop]
shock
[jok]
cheese
[tji:z]
z
3
d3
zipper pleasur
jam
['zips]
[casern]
e
['р1езэ]
n
4
h
no
[пэи]
ring
[nrj]
high
[hai]
port
[po:t]
u:
э:
zoo
[zu:]
girl
[дэ:Ц
Краткие гласные
Дифтонги
ei
э:
Ж
fan
[fen]
A
fun
[fivn]
Э
dog
[dog]
u
good
[gud]
э
ago
[о'дэи]
Англо-русский словарь
АНГЛО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ
А
able [eibl] а способный
abolish [a'bolij] v отменять
about [a'baut] adv около; prep
о
abroad [э'Ьгэ.-d] adv за границей; за границу
absence [aebsns] n отсутствие
absent [sebsnt] a: be absent
отсутствовать
absent-minded [,aebsnt
'maindid] а рассеянный
absent-mindedly [.sebsnt
'mamdidh] adv рассеянно
accept [ak'sept] v принимать
accessory [ak'sesan] n принадлежность accessories
аксессуары
accident ['aeksidant] n несчастный случай
accompany [э'клтрэш] v сопровождать
according to [a'koidrqta] согласно; в соответствии с
account [a'kaunt] n счет; отчет
on account of по причине;
из-за
accuse [a'kjuiz] v обвинять
ache [eik] v болеть; п боль
achieve [a'tji:v] v достигать
acknowledge [эк'пэ1к1з] v
признавать
acquaintance [a'kwemtans] n
знакомство
acquainted [a'kwemtid] a
знаком
across [a'kros] prep через
act [aekt] n акт; действие;
поступок; v действовать;
поступать
activate ['asknveit] v приводить в действие (механизм)
active ['aektiv] а активный
activities [aek'tivitiz] n действия; деятельность
actor ['aekta] n актер
actress ['aektns] n актриса
add [aed] v добавить
additional [a'dijanl] а дополнительный
address [a'dres] n адрес
admire [ad'maia] v любоваться
admirer [ad'maiara] n поклонник
admit [ad'mit] v допускать;
признавать
advance [ad'varns] v продвигаться вперед; наступать
advantage |>d'va:ntid3] n
преимущество
adventure [ad'ventfa] n приключение
adverb ['aedvaib] n наречие
advice [ad'vais] n совет
aerobics [ea'reubiks] n аэробика
aerosol ['earesol] n аэрозоль
afford [a'fo:d] v иметь возможность (быть в состоянии) сделать что-л.; позволить себе что-л.
afraid [s'freid] a: be afraid
бояться
Africa ['sefnka] Африка
after Га:пэ]ргер после
afternoon [,afte'nu:n] n время
после полудня in the
afternoon днем, после
полудня
again [э'деп] adv опять; снова; еще раз
against [a'genst] adv против
age [eid3] n возраст
for ages [far'eid3iz] очень
долго, „целую вечность"
agency ['eid33nsi] n агентство
ago [э'дэи] adv тому назад
agree [s'gri:] v соглашаться
agreement [s'grhmsnt] n соглашение; согласие
ahead [a'hed] adv вперед;
впереди; раньше срока,
досрочно
aim [eim] n цель take aim
прицеливаться
air [еэ] п воздух; v проветривать
air carrier ['еэ,каепэ] п авиакомпания
air line f'ealam] n авиакомпания
airport ['eapoit] n аэропорт
JFK [,d3ei ef 'kei] airport
аэропорт имени Джона
Фицджералда Кеннеди
alarm [э'1а:ш] п тревога;
сигнализация
alarm clock [э'1а:тк1ок] п будильник
alarmed [3'la:md] а встревоalcohol ['selkahol, 'aelkahorl] n
алкоголь all [э.Цргоп все; всѐ
at all вовсе all right [,о:Ггай]
хорошо; ладно; все в порядке
455
all-round ['orlraund] а всесторонний allow [э'1аи] v
разреп1ать almost ['orlmaust]
adv почти alone [э'1эип] а
один along [э'Ът)]ргер вдоль
aloud [Vlaud] adv вслух Alps
[sips] Альпы already [o:l'redi]
adv уже also ['o:lsau] adv тоже
alter ['o:lta] v переделывать
although [оШэи] conj хотя
always ['o:lwiz] adv всегда am
[,ei 'em] (ante meridiem) at 7
am в 7 часов утра; утром
ambulance ['aembjutans] n
карета скорой помощи
America [э'тепкэ] Америка
Amerigo Vespucci [ае,теп:дэи
ve'spu:tji] Америго Веспуччи
among [Э'ГШУП] prep среди
Amsterdam ['aemstadaem]
Амстердам amuse [a'mju:z]
v развлекать amusement
[a'mjuizmant] n
развлечение analyse
['aenalaiz] v анализировать
ancient [emjnt] а древний
Andrew ['aendru:] Андрей,
Эндрю angry ['aeijgn] а
сердитый animal ['aenimal] n
животное ankle ['ает}кэ1] п
лодыжка,
щиколотка anniversary
[.aem'varsan] n
годовщина announce
[a'nauns] v объявлять
announcement [a'naunsmant]
n объявление
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
anode ['asnaud] n анод answer
['а:шэ] v отвечать; п
ответ Antarctic [aen'ta:ktik]
Антарктика antenna [asn'tena]
n антенна anxious ['asnk/ss] а
беспокоящийся; страстно
желающий (чего-л.) any ['era]
pron любой (в утвердительном
предложении) anyone
['еппулп] pron кто-нибудь;
кто-либо anyway ['eniwei] adv
как бы то ни было; во всяком
случае apartment [э'ра:Ьпэ!й] п
квартира; апартамент
apartment house многоквартирный дом apologize
[a'poted3aiz] v извиняться,
просить прощения apology
[a'pobd3i] n извинение
apparatus [.aepa'reitas] n аппарат; аппаратура appear
[э'рю] v появляться;
казаться appetite f'gepitait] n
аппетит apple [sepl] n яблоко
apply [a'plai] v обращаться с
просьбой; просить; подавать
заявление appreciate |b'pri:jieit]
v высоко ценить approach
[a'prautf] v приблиЯС ЙТЬСЯ
approve [a'pruiv] v одобрять
apricot ['eipnkot] n абрикос
April ['eipnl] апрель architect
['arkitekt] n архитектор
architecture ['a:kitektja] n
архитектура Arctic Ocean
[,a:ktik'3ujn]
Северный
Ледовитый океан area ['еэпэ]
п площадь; пространство;
участок; район argue ['a:gju:j
v спорить arise [a'raiz] (arose,
arisen) v
возникать arisen [a'nzn] см.
arise arm [arm] n рука
armchair ['aimtfea] n кресло
army ['a:mi] n армия arose
[э'гэиг] см. arise around
[a'raund] adv вокруг arrange
[s'reinds] v устраивать
arrangement [э'гепк1зтэт] п
приведение в порядок; договоренность arrest [a'rest] v
арестовать arrival [э'гагЛ] n
прибытие arrive [a'raiv] v
прибывать art [a:t] n
искусство article ['artikl] n
статья artist ['a:tist] n
художник as [az] conj как; так
как; когда
as a result [n'zAlt] в результате as well а также
ashamed [a'feimd] a: be
ashamed стыдиться Asia
['eija] Азия aside [a'said] adv в
сторону;
в стороне ask [a:sk] v
спрап1ивать;
просить assemble [a'sembl] v
собираться) assembly hall
|b'sembli,ho:l]
n актовый зал assistant
[a'sistant] n помощник;
ассистент; продавец
Англо-русский словарь
as soon as [az'suinaz] как
только
astonishment [a'stomjirant] n
удивление
astronaut ['asstranort] n астронавт, космонавт
ate [et, eit] см. eat
athlete ['aeGli:t] n атлет
Atlantic Ocean [at.lasntik
teujan]
Атлантический
океан
atmosphere ['astmasfte] n атмосфера
atom ['aetam] n атом
attack [a'tsek] n атака; v нападать
attempt [a'tempt] n попытка; v
пытаться, пробовать,
сделать попытку attempted
robbery попытка грабежа
attend [a'tend] v посещать
attentive [a'tentiv] а внимательный
attentively [a'tentivh] adv
внимательно
attract [a'traekt] v привлекать
attractive [a'traektiv] а привлекательный
audience ['o:dians] n зрители;
слушатели
August ['oxjast] август
aunt [a:nt] n тетка
Australia [oi'streilia] Австралия
author ['о:Вэ] п автор
authority [o:'6onti] n авторитет; лицо, пользующееся
авторитетом
autumn [*D:tem] n осень
aviation [,eivi'eijn] n авиация
avoid [a'void] v избегать
457
await [a'weit] v ждать, ожидать award [a'wo:d] v
награждать aware [a'wea] а
знающий, осведомленный (о
чем-л.) away [a'wei] adv прочь
awful ['о:ful] а ужасный
awfully ['o:fiili] adv ужасно
awhile [a'wail] adv ненадолго
Ayrshire [*еэ}э] Эршир
(графство в Англии)
В baby [beibi] n
ребенок; дитя back [baek] а
задний; adv назад; обратно
backpack ['baekpask] n рюкзак bacon ['beikan] n бекон
bad [baed] а плохой
badminton ['baedmmtan] n
бадминтон bag [Ьзгд] п
сумка; мешок bag of flour
пакет муки Bahamas
[ЬэЪа:тэг] Багамы bake [beik]
v печь baking soda ['beikm
.sauda] пищевая сода balcony
['baelkani] n балкон Balkans
['bo:lkanz] Балканы ball [bo:l]
n мяч; бал ballad ['basted] n
баллада ballet ['baelei] n балет
Baltic Sea [,bo:ltik'si:] Балтийское море banana
[Ьэ'га:пэ] п банан bang
[Ьзгт}] п сильный удар
Bangladech [bas^gla'dej]
Бангладеп1 bank [baenk] п
берег (реки, небольшого
озера); банк banner [Ъаепэ] п
знамя barn [ba:n] n сарай
458
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
baron [Ъэегэп] п барон basket
['ba:skit] n корзина basketball
['ba:skitbo:l] n
баскетбол bath [ba:9] n ванна
bathe [beio] v купаться
bathroom ['ba:9rum] n ванная
комната battery ['baeten] n
батарейка battle [baetl] n
битва be [bi:] (was, were,
been) v быть
be going (to) собираться,
намереваться сделать чтолибо beach [bi:tf] n пляж bear
[Ьеэ] п медведь bear [Ьеэ]
(bore, born) v выносить
beautiful ['bjuitifal] а красивый
beauty ['bju:ti] n красота;
красавица became [bi'keim]
см. become because [Ы:'кэ:г]
conj потому что; так как
because of из-за become
[Ьх'клт] (became,
become) v становиться
becoming [bi'lcAmirj] а идущий к лицу (об одежде) bed
[bed] n кровать twin beds [,twm
'bedz] две односпальные
кровати bedroom ['bedrum] n
спальня bee [bi:] n пчела been
[bi:n] см. be beer [Ыэ] п пиво
beet [bi:t] n свекла Beethoven
['beithauvan] Бетховен before
[bffa: ]prep перед beg [beg] v
умолять
began [bi'gaen] см. begin
begin [bi'gmj (began, begun)
vначинать
begun [Ы'длп] см. begin
behind [bi'hamd] prep позади
believe [bi'li:v] v верить; полагать
bell [bel] n звонок; колокол;
колокольчик
belong [bi'brj] v принадлежать
belongings [bi'brjirjz] вещи
personal belongings личные
принадлежности (вещи)
beloved [bi'Uvad] а любимый
bench [bentf] n скамейка
bend [bend] (bent, bent) v
наклоняться
bent [bent] см. bend
Bernard Shaw [,Ьэ:пэ#]э:]
Бернард Шоу
berry [Ъеп] п ягода
beside [bi'said]prep рядом
besides [bi'saidz] prep кроме
best [best] о лучший best of all
[bestev'Dil] лучше всего
between [bi'twi:n]prep между
beyond [bi'jond] prep за; за
пределами
bicycle ['baisikl] n велосипед
big [big] а большой
bilingual [bai'lirjgwal] а двуязычный, говорящий на
двух языках
bill [bil] n счет
biology [bai'Dbd3i] n биология
biometrics [.baiau'metriks] n
биометрия
bird [ba:d] n птица
Англо-русский словарь
birthday ['Ьэ-.Gdei] п день
рождения
biscuits ['biskits] n печенье
bit [bit] n кусочек not a bit
ни капельки
bite [bait] (bit, bitten) v кусать
bite [bait] n кусочек (откушенный)
bitter ['bite] а горький
bitterly ['biteli] adv горько
black [bla?k] а черный black
coffee кофе без молока
blackboard ['blaekboid] n
классная доска
blacking ['blaekrn] n вакса,
гуталин
blacksmith ['bla?k,smi9] n
кузнец
blame [bleim] v обвинять
Blanche [bkr.nj] Бланш
blare [Ыеэ] v дать автомобильный гудок blaring siren
['sarren] воющая, ревущая
сирена
blew [blu:] см. blow
blind [blamd] а слепой
blood [bUd] n кровь blood
analysis [s'naebsis]
анализ крови blood pressure
['prep] кровяное давление
blouse [blauz] n блузка
blow [Ыэи] (blew, blown) v
дуть
blown [bbun] см. blow
blue [blu:] а СИНИЙ; голубой
board [bD:d] n доска board
game [geim] настольная игра
on board a ship на борту
корабля scientific [saian'tifik]
board ученый совет
459
board v: board a train сесть
на поезд
boat [baut] n лодка, корабль
boil [boil] v кипятить; варить
boil over „убежать" (напр.
о молоке)
boiled [boild] а кипяченый;
вареный bold [bauld] а
смелый bolt [bault] v
закрыть
(дверь) на засов bomb [Ьэт] п
бомба bone [Ьэип] п кость
book [buk] n книга bookcase
['bukkeis] n книжный шкаф
bookshelf ['bukjelfj п книжная
полка bookshop ['bukpp] n
книжный магазин bookstall
['buksto:l] n книжный киоск
bookstore ['buksto:] n книжный
магазин bookworm ['bukwatm]
n книжный червь (переноси.)
boot [bu:t] n сапог born [Ьэ:п]:
be born родиться borrow
[Ъэгэи] v взять взаймы
borrow books from the library
брать книги в библиотеке
boss [bos] n хозяин, босс both
[Ьэи9] ргоп оба both ... and ...
как ... так и... bother ['Ьэбэ] v
беспокоиться);
затруднять(ся); п
беспокойство; хлопоты bottle
[Ьэи] n бутылка bought [bD:t]
см. buy bowl [baul] n миска;
сосуд
460
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
box [boks] n коробка; ящик
.boy [boi] n мальчик bracelet
['breislit] n браслет Bradbury
['braedban] Брэдбери brake
[breik] n тормоз branch
[bra.ntf] n ветвь; отрасль brave
[breiv] а храбрый bread [bred]
n хлеб break [breik] n
перерыв;перемена break [breik] (broke,
broken) v ломать; разбить
break down сломаться (о
машине) break into совершить
грабеж со взломом break out
разразиться break up
разбивать(ся) (о жизни);
распадаться; развалиться (о
семье, о доме) breakfast
["brekfast] n завтрак breath
[breG] n дыхание; вздох
be out of breath запыхаться
breathe [bri:5] v дышать bridge
[Ьгк1з] п мост bright [brait] а
яркий brighten ['braitn] v просиять brightly ['braith] adv ярко
brilliant ['bnljant] а блестящий
bring [bnrj] (brought, brought) v
приносить; приводить;
привозить British Isles
[,britif'ailz] Британские острова
broad [bro:d] о широкий
Broadway [brordwei] Бродвей
broke [braukj см. break
broken ['Ьгэикэп] см. break
Bronze Horseman [,bronz
'horsman] Медный всадник
brother [Ъглбэ] п брат brought
[bro:t] см. bring brown [braun]
а коричневый brush [Ьгл|] п
щетка; v чистить
brush someone's hair [Ьеэ]
причесать щеткой волосы
build [bild] (built, built) v
строить building ['bildirj] n
строительство; здание built
[bilt] см. build bunch [bAntJ]
n букет;
гроздь; кисть bureau ['bjuareu]
n бюро burglar ['baigta] n
взломщик, грабитель, вор,
ночной грабитель burn [Ьэ:п]
v гореть; жечь;
обжечься Burns [ba:nz] Берне
burst [ba:st] (burst, burst) v
разорваться; лопнуть burst
into laughter ['la:fto]
рассмеяться burst into tears
[tiaz] расплакаться burst out
crying ['kramj]
расплакаться burst out laughing
['la:nrj] рассмеяться bury ['ben]
v похоронить;
спрятать bus [bAsl n автобус
bush [buj] n куст busily ['bizih]
adv деловито;
энергично business ['biznis] n
дело; бизнес
Англо-русский словарь
businessman ['biznisman] n
бизнесмен busy ['bizi] а занят
but [bAt] con) но butcher
['butp] n мясник butter ['bAta]
n масло butter dish ['bAtadij] n
масленка' button ['bAtn] n
пуговица buy [bai] (bought,
bought) v
покупать by [bai] prep к Byron
['baiaran] Байрон buzzword
['bAzwa:d] n модное словечко
С
cab [kaeb] n кэб, наемная
карета; такси
cabbage ['ka?bid3] n капуста
cabin ['kaebm] n кабина; каюта
cable [keibl] n кабель; телеграмма
cactus ['kaektas] n кактус
cafe ['kaefei] n кафе
cafeteria [,каеп'пэпэ] п кафетерий
cage [keid3] n клетка
cake [keik] n торт; пирожное
fancy ['faensi] cake
пирожное
calculator ['kaelkjuleita] n
калькулятор
California [,kaek'fo:nJ3] Калифорния
call [кэ:1] п зов; телефонный
ЗВОНОК; и звать; называть;
звонить по телефону call at
зайти (в какое-л.
место) call for зайти (за
кем-л.) call on зайти (к
кому-л.)
461
called [ko:ld] pp называемый,
по имени calm [ka:m] a
спокойный Cambridge
['кешшЬпѐз]
Кеймбридж came [keim] см.
come camera ['каетэгэ] п
камера;
фотоаппарат camp [kaemp]
n лагерь can [kaen] n
консервная
банка can [ka?n] (could) v
мочь;
уметь Canada ['kaenada]
Канада canal [ka'nael] n канал
Canary Islands [кэ'пеэп
,aitandz] Канарские острова
cancel [kaensl] v отменить
candle ['kaendl] n свеча cannon
['кзгпэп] п пушка cannot help
['kaenat'help] не
могу не canteen [ka?n'ti:n] n
столовая (в учреждении) cap
[ka?p] n кепка; шапка capable
['keipabl] а способный Cape
Town ['keiptaun] Кейптаун
capital ['kaepitl] n столица
capitalist ['kspitahst] n капиталист; а капиталистический
captain ['kaeptm] n капитан car
[ka:] n автомашина carbon
['ка:Ьэп] п уголь card [ka:d] n
карточка cardiogram
['ka:di3ugra?m] n
кардиограмма
electrocardiogram
[i,lektreu'ka:di3gra?m] ECG
[,i:si:'d3i:] (BrE), EKG (AmE)
электрокардиограмма (ЭКГ)
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
саге [кеэ] п забота take care of
catch (a) cold простудиться
заботиться о careful ['keafal] а caterpillar ['kaet3,pila] n гутщательный; осторожный
сеница cathode ['kasBaud] n
carefully ['keafah] adv тщакатод Caucasus ['koikasas]
тельно; осторожно careless
Кавказ caught [ko:t] см. catch
['keabs] о небрежный carpet
cause [ko:z] n причина; дело
['ka:pit] n ковер carriage
cause [ko:z] v явиться причи['кэепѐз] п карета;
ной; причинить; вызвать
вагон поезда carrot ['kaerst] n
морковь carry ['kaen] v нести; caviare ['kaevia:] n икра CD [,si:
'di:] (compact disk
везти carry-on v провозить с
собой ручную кладь на борту [.kam'paekt.disk]) n компактдиск Cedar Falls [,si:da 'forlz]
самолета
Си-дер Фолз celebrate
carry-on item предмет
['selibreit] v праздновать cell
ручной клади carry-on
phone ['selfaun] n сотовый
traveller авиапассажир с
ручной кладью
телефон central ['sentrel] а
cartoon [ka:'tu:n] n мультцентральный centre ['sental n
фильм case [keis] n чемодан;
центр century ['sentJan] n
сумка,
столетие cereal ['sisiral] n
кейс; случай cash [kaej] n
изделия из дробленого зерна
наличные деньги cashier
(кукурузные, овсяные хлопья)
[kae'Jre] n кассир cash register
certain ['saitn] а определенный;
['rec^sta] n кассовый аппарат;
некий certainly ['saitnli] adv
касса Caspian Sea
определенно; конечно chair
[.kaespian'si:]
[t/еэ] п стул chalk [tfo:k] я мел
Каспийское море cassette
champagne [Jaem'pem] n
[ka'set] n кассета cassette
шампанское
champion
recorder [п'кэ:с1э]
['tjaempian]
n
чемпион
кассетный магнитофон castle
championship ['tjaempianfip]
[ka:sl] n замок castor oil
пчемпионат chance [tja.ns] n
[rkaest3'roil] касторка cat [kaet]
случай;
n кошка catch [kaet j] (caught,
caught) v ловить, поймать; хва- шанс change [tjemd3] v менять;
заменять; разменивать
тать, схватить catch a train
(деньги); п изменение; мелкие
успеть на поезд
деньги; сдача
Англо-русский словарь
chapter ['tjaepta] n глава
character ['kaenkta] n характер; литературный герой
charge [tja:d3] v обвинять,
выдвигать
обвинение;
предъявлять
обвинение;
записывать на счет
Charles Dickens [,tja:lz
'dikmz] Чарльз Диккенс
Charlotte Bronte [,Ja:bt Ъгэпп]
Шарлотта Бронте
charm [tja:m] n обаяние,
очарование,
привлекательность, шарм
cheap [tji:p] а дешевый, недорогой
cheat [tji:t] v обманывать
check [tjek] v отмечать;
проверять; п проверка;
контроль; досмотр check-in
v (за) регистрироваться; п
регистрация check-in
luggage ['lAgid3] v сдавать
вещи в багаж; п досмотр
багажа check-in times n
время регистрации
(проверки, досмотра)
check up [Ч/екЧр] v проверять
checkup ['tjek-лр] медицинский осмотр
checkroom [tjekrum] n камера
хранения
cheek [tji:kl n щека
cheerful ftjiafal] а бодрый;
чудесный; весѐлый
cheese [tfi:z] n сыр
chemical ['kemikl] а химический;
n
химическое
вещество, реагент
chemistry ['kemistn] n химия
cheque [tjek] чек
cherry t'tjen] n вишня
chess [tfes] n шахматы
463
chest ['tjest] n грудная клетка;
грудь
chest X-ray ['eks rei] рентген
грудной клетки,
флюорография Chicago
[Ji'kaigau] Чикаго chicken
['tfikm] n цыпленок;
курица chief [t[i:f] n шеф;
вождь child [tjaild] (мн. ч.
children)
nребенок childhood ['tjaildhud]
n детство children ['tfildran]
см. child chin [tjm] n
подбородок Chinese [,tjai'ni:z]
китайский; по-китайски chips
[tjips] n чипсы chocolate
['tjokht] n шоколад;
шоколадная конфета choose
[t|u:z] (chose, chosen)
v выбирать chop [t/эр] v
крошить; резать; шинковать;
провернуть через мясорубку
chop up nuts [nAts] измельчить орехи Chopin
['/эраеп] Шопен Christie
['knsti] Кристи Christmas
['knsmas] Рождество
Christopher Columbus
[.knstafe ka'Umbas] Христофор Колумб church [tja:tj] n
церковь cigar [si'ga:] n сигара
cigarette [siga'ret] n сигарета
cinema ['smima] n кинотеатр
circle [sa:kl] n круг circuit
['saikit] n цепь (электрическая) circulation of blood
[,s3:kju'leifn av.bUd] кровообращение
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
circus [*sa:kas] n цирк
city ['siti] n город
clasp [kla:sp] v захватывать;
зажимать class [kla.s] n
класс; урок,
занятие classes ['kla.siz] n
курсы classical ['klaesikl] а
классический classmate
['kla:smeit] n одноклассник
classroom ['kla.srum] n
классная комната clean
[kli:n] а чистый; v
чистить cleaner ['кН:пэ] п
уборщик clear [klia] о чистый,
ясный; v очищаться;
становиться ясным;
рассеиваться clear up
проясняться (о погоде) clearly
['khalil adv ясно clench [klentj]
v сжимать
(кулаки, зубы) clerk [klark] n
клерк; продавец (амер.) clever
['kleva] a умный climate
['klaimit] n климат climb
[klaim] v взбираться clinic
['khnik] n клиника
(медицинский центр) clock
[kbk] n часы close [klauz] v
закрывать close [klaus] а
близкий closely ['klaush] adv
близко closet ['klozit] n чулан
cloth [kloG] n материя, ткань
clothes [klaudz] n одежда
clothing ['klaudii)] n одежда;
предметы одежды cloud [klaud]
n облако cloudless ['klaudbs] а
безоблачный club [kkb] n клуб
Clyde [klaid] Клайд coach
[kautj] n дилижанс
sport coach тренер coalmine
['kaulmam] n
шахта coast [kaust] n
побережье coat [kaut] n
куртка; пиджак; пальто coffee
['kofi] n кофе coffee table
['kofi,teibl] n
журнальный столик coin
[кэш] п монета Coke [кэик] п
кока-кола cold [kauld] а
холодный; п холод
you have a cold in your head
[hed] у тебя насморк collect
[ka'lekt] v собирать collection
[ka'lekfn] n коллекция
collection of stories сборник
рассказов college ['кэ1к1з] п
колледж colour ['кл1э] п цвет
combine [kam'bam] v объединять come [клт] (came, come) v
приходить; приезжать come
across случайно встретить
comedy ['komidi] n комедия
comfort [TcAmfat] n комфорт;
удобства comfortable
['клтйэЫ] а
удобный comfortably
['клтиэЬк] adv
удобно commander [ka'ma:nda]
n командир
commander in chief
[ka.ma.ndar m'tfi:f] главнокомандующий
Англо-русский словарь
commission [ka'mijn] n комиссия
commit [ka'mit] v совершать
commit a crime [kraim] совершить преступление
committee [ka'miti] n комитет
common ['кэтэп] a общий;
обычный
common sense здравый
смысл
company ['клтрэш] п компания; труппа
competition [„kompi'tijn] n
соревнование
complain [kam'plem] v жаловаться
complete [kam'pli:t] а полный
complex ['kompleks] а комплексный, сложный
complicated ['kDmplikeitid] a
сложный
compose [kam'pauz] v сочинять
composer [кэт'рэигэ] п композитор
composition [.kDmpa'ziJn] n
сочинение
compress [kam'pres] v сжимать
compressed [kam'prest] pp
сжатый
computer [kam'pju:ta] n компьютер
concert ['knnsat] n концерт
rock [гэк] concert рок-концерт
conclusion [кэп'к1и:зп] п заключение
condition [kan'dijn] n условие;
v надоумить; приучать
465
conductor [kan'dAkta] n кондуктор (автобуса, трамвая)
conference ['kDnfrans] n конференция
confess [kan'fes] v признаваться
confirm [kan'fa:m] v подтверждать
Congo ['кэт^дэи] Конго
congratulate [kan'graetfuleit] v
поздравлять
consider [kan'sida] v рассматривать; считать
consist [kan'sist] v состоять
constraint [kan'stremt] n скованность
consult [kan'sAlt] v советоваться с
consult the doctor обратиться к врачу consult the
timetable посмотреть
расписание
consultation [„kanssl'teijn] n
консультация
contain [kan'tem] v содержать
container [kan'tema] n контейнер
content ['kontent] n содержание
continent ['kantmant] n континент
continue [kan'tmju:] v продолжаться)
contradict [,kontra'dikt] v возражать
control [kan'traul] n управление
convenient [kan'vi:niant] a
удобный
conversation [.konva'seifn] n
разговор
convince [kan'vms] v убеждать
466
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
cook [kuk] v готовить (пищу);
п повар, кухарка cookie
['kuki] n печенье (сдобное)
cookie jar [d3a: ] банка для
печенья cool [ku:l] а
прохладный copper ['корэ] п
котел copy ['kopi] v
переписывать corn [ko:n] n
зерно corner ['кэ:пэ] п угол
corporal ['кэ:рэгэ1] п капрал
correct [ka'rekt] v исправлять;
а правильный correspondent
[.kon'spDndant] n корреспондент corridor ['kondo:] n
коридор cost [kost] (cost, cost)
v
стоить cosy ['kauzi] а
уютный cottage ['кэпѐз] п
домик в
сельской местности cottage
cheese [tji.z] творог cotton
['kotn] n хлопок cotton wool
[,kotn'wul] n вата couch [kautj]
n кушетка cough [kof] v
кашлять could [kud] см. can
council [kaunsl] n совет count
[kaunt] v считать count [kaunt]
n граф country ['kAntri] n
страна countryside ['kAntnsaid]
n
сельская местность couple
[клр1] /г пара courageous
[кэ'гешзэв] a
храбрый course [ko:s] n курс
ofcourse конечно cousin [клгп]
п двоюродный брат;
двоюродная сестра cover
['клуэ] v покрывать covered
['kvvvad] pp покрытый
cow [kau] n корова crack
[kraek] n щель crash [kraej] n
авария; крушение; сильный
удар или столкновение
craving ['kreivii}] л страстное
желание; стремление;
прихоть crawl [кгэ:1] v ползти
creak [kri:k] v трещать,
скрипеть creased [krirst] а
мятый create [krir'eit] v
создавать;
творить credit ['kredit] n кредит
credit card [ka:d] кредитная
карточка Crewe [kru:] Kpy
cricket ['krikit] n крикет crime
[kraim] n преступление Crimea
[krai'mia] Крым criminal
['knminal] n преступник critic
['kntik] n критик criticism
['kntisizm] n критика criticize
['kritisaiz] v критиковать
crocodile ['krokadail] n крокодил crops [krops] n посевы;
урожай cross [kros] v
пересекать crow [kreu] n
ворона crowd [kraud] n толпа
crowded ['kraudid] а переполненный, битком набитый
cruelty ['кги:э1и] п жестокость
crunch [krAntf] v раздавить с
хрустом cry [krai] v кричать;
вскричать; плакать; п крик
Англо-русский словарь
crystal ['knstl] n хрусталь,
кристалл
cub [клЬ] п детеныш (дикого
зверя)
cucumber [*1ди:клтЬэ] п огурец
сир [клр] п чашка; кубок
cupboard ['kvvbad] n шкаф,
буфет
cure [kjua] v вылечить
curiously ['kjusnasli] adv с
любопытством
curl [кэ:1] v виться, курчавиться
current ['kArant] n течение;
ток
curriculum [ka'rikjulam] n
программа
curtain ['кэ-.tn] п занавеска,
портьера; занавес
cushion [kujn] n диванная
подушка
customer ['kAStama] n покупатель; клиент
customs ['kAstamz] n таможня
cut [kAt] (cut, cut) v резать
cutting itemfaitsm] режущий
предмет cut up разрезать;
нашинковать; накрошить
cute [kju:t] а умный, сообразительный,
остроумный,
находчивый
cutlet ['kAtlit] n котлета
cynically ['smikali] adv цинично
D daily ['deih] о
ежедневный, повседневный
be on someone's daily run [глп]
заниматься (обычными)
повседневными делами
467
damage ['daemid3] v разрушать
damp [damp] а сырой, влажный
dance [da:ns] v танцевать
dancer ['da:nsa] n танцор
danger ['ѐетѐзэ] n опасность
dangerous
['deindsaras]
a
опасный
Danube ['daenjurb] Дунай
dare [dea] v сметь
dark [dark] a темный
darkness ['darknis] n темнота
date [deit] n дата, число
daughter ['dD:ta] n дочь
day [dei] n день day off
выходной день one day
однажды
daylight ['deilait] n дневной
свет
daytime ['deitaim] n день,
дневное время
deadly ['dedli] а смертоносный; смертельный
deaf [def] а глухой
deal [di:l] n: a great deal очень
много
dear [dia] а дорогой
death [deG] n смерть
debt [det] n долг
debtor ['deta] n должник
decade ['dekeid] n десятилетие
deceive [di'si:v] v обманывать
December [di'semba] декабрь
decent ['di:sant] а приличный;
порядочный; благородный
decide [di'said] v решать
decision [di'si3n] n решение
deck [dek] n палуба
468
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
decline [di'klam] v отклонять
decorate ['dekareit] v украшать; убирать; декорировать
deep [di.p] а глубокий deer
[dia] n олень defence [di'fens]
n защита;
оборона defend [di'fend] v
защищать defensive [di'fensiv]
a
защитный delay [di'lei] v
задерживать delegate ['deligit]
n делегат delegation
[,deli'gei|n] n делегация
delicious [di'hjas] а очень
вкусный; восхитительный
delighted [di'laitid] а очарован;
в восторге deliver [da'hva] v
доставлять
deliver a lecture ['lektja]
читать лекцию Denmark
['denma.k] Дания dense [dens] а
густой; плотный dentist
['dentist] n зубной
врач deny [di'nai] v отрицать
depart [di'pa:t] v уходить;
уезжать department
[di'pa:tmant] n отдел;
отделение department store
[sto:] универсальный магазин
departure [di'pa:tja] n отъезд;
отправление;отлет depend
[di'pend] v зависеть depressed
[di'prest] а подавленный;
угнетенный; унылый
descend [di'send] v спускаться
describe [di'skraib] v описывать desert ['dezat] n пустыня
desert island ['ailand] необитаемый остров deserve
[di'za:v] v заслуживать design
[di'zain] n проект desire
[di'zaia] n желание desk [desk]
n парта; письменный стол;
конторка dessert [di'za:t] n
десерт,
сладкое (блюдо) destination
[,desti'neijn] n
место назначения detail
['di:teil] n деталь, подробность
detective [di'tektiv] n сыщик,
детектив detector [di'tekta] n
детектив metal detector
металло-искатель determine
[di'ta:mm] v устанавливать;
определять devastation
[,deva'steijan] n разрушение,
опустошение device [di'vais] n
приспособление devoted
[di'vautid] а преданный
diagram ['daiagraem] n диаграмма diamond ['daiamand] n
алмаз; бриллиант dictation
[dik'teijn] n диктант dictionary
['dikjanan] n словарь die [dai] v
умирать dielectric [,dau'lektrik]
n диэлектрик
Англо-русский словарь
diet ['daiat] n диета
different ['difrant] а различный; отличный (от чегол.); не такой
differently ['difranth] adv не
так; по-другому
difficult ["dmkalt] а трудный
difficulty ['difikalti] n трудность
did [did] см. do
dig [dig] (dug, dug) v копать
dining room ['daminrum] n
столовая
dinner ['dma] n обед
direction [di'rekjn] n направление
directly [di'rekth] adv прямо
director [di'rekta] n режиссер;
директор (компании и т.д.)
dirty ['da:ti] а грязный
disagreeable [,disa'gri:abl] a
неприятный
disappear [.disa'pia] v исчезать
disappointed [.disa'pomtid] a
разочарованный
disappointment [,disa'
pomtmant] n разочарование
disaster [di'za:sta] n бедствие;
катастрофа
discipline ['disiplin] n дисциплина
disco ['diskau] n дискотека
(танцы под магнитофонную музыку) discotheque
['diskatek, .diska'tek ] n
дискотека
discover [dis'kAva] v открыть
(сделать открытие);
обнаружить discovery
[dis'kAvan] n открытие
469
discuss [di'skAs] v обсуждать
discussion [di'skA^n] n обсуждение disease [di'zi:z] n болезнь
dish [dif] n блюдо
dislike [dis'laik] n неприязнь;
нелюбовь
dislike [dis'laik] v не любить;
не нравиться
displace [dis'pleis] v смещать;
вытеснять
displease [dis'pli:z] v вызывать неудовольствие
displeased [dis'plirzd] а недовольный
distance ['distsns] n расстояние
distant ['distant] а отдаленный
district ['distnkt] n район
disturb [di'starb] v беспокоить, мешать
ditch [ditf] nканава
dive [daiv] v нырять
divide [di'vaid] v делить
do [du:] (did, done) v делать
do away with покончить с
do good приносить пользу
dock [dnk] n док
doctor ['doktaj n доктор
dog [dog] n собака
doll [dot] n кукла
dollar ['dola] n доллар
Dombey and Son [.dombi
and'sAn] Домби и Сын
done [dAn] см. do
door [do:] n дверь out of
doors на открытом воздухе
doorkeeper ['dD:,ki:pa] n
привратник
doorstep ['dD:step] n ступенька крыльца
doorway ['do:wei] n дверь
(дверной проем)
470
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
dormitory ['dornutn] n дорту-.
ар; общая спальня; студенческое общежитие double
[ѐлЫ] а двойной
doubt [daut] n сомнение
Douglas ['dAglas] Дуглас
Dover ['dauva] Дувр
down [daun] adv вниз; внизу
downstairs [,daun'steaz] adv
вниз (no лестнице); внизу
drank [drarnk] см. drink
draught [dra.ft] n сквозняк
draw [dro:] (drew, drawn) v
тащить; рисовать
drawer [dro:] n выдвижной
ящик (стола; буфета; комода)
drawing room ['dro:rnrum] n
гостиная
drawn [dro:n] см. draw
dream [dri:m] (dreamed or
dreamt) v мечтать; думать;
помышлять; п сон; мечта
dreamed [dri.md] см. dream
dreamt [dremt] см. dream
drenched [drent/t] а промокший
dress [dres] n платье; v одеваться
dressing table ['dresm ,teibl] n
туалетный столик
drew [dru:] см. draw
drink [drink] (drank, drunk) и
пить
drive [draiv] (drove, driven) v
гнать; вести машину; ехать
на машине; привозить;
отвозить на машине drive
off
уехать
drive
up
подъехать
driver ['draiva] n водитель
driver's license
['draivaz 'laisns] n (AraE)
водительские права
driving license ['draivin 'laisns]
n (BrE) водительские права
driving test ['drarvrn.test]
экзамен по вождению
drop [drop] v ронять; бросать;
стихать, прекратиться
drop in заглянуть, зайти на
минутку к кому-л.
drown [draun] v тонуть
drug [drAg] n лекарство
drunk [drAnk] см. drink
dry [drai] а сухой
duchess ['dAtjis] n герцогиня
dug [dAg] см. dig
dull [dAl] а скучный; пасмурный (о погоде)
during ['djuann]prep во время;
в течение
dust [dAst] n пыль
duty ['dju:ti] n долг; обязанность on duty дежурный
each [i:tf] joron каждый each
other друг друга
eager ['i:ga] a: be eager очень
хотеть
ear [ia] п ухо
early ['a:h] а ранний
earn [э:п] v зарабатывать earn
a living зарабатывать на
жизнь
earth [э:0] п земля
earthquake ['a:9kweik] n землетрясение
ease [i:z] n легкость feel at ease
чувствовать себя свободно
(не скованно)
Англо-русский словарь
471
else [els] adv еще
easily ['r.zili] adv легко
e-mail ['i:meil] (electronic
easy ['i:zi] а легкий
[i Jek'tronik] mail) n электeast [i:st] n восток
ронная почта
eastern ['i:stan] а восточный
East River ['i:st,nva] Ист Ри- embankment [im'baenkmant] n
набережная
вер (река в Нью Йорке)
embarrass [im'bajras] v смуeat [i:t] (ate, eaten) v есть eat
щать; приводить в замеnoisily ['noizili] чавкать
шательство
eaten ['i:tn] см. eat
emergency [i'ma:d3insi] n
echo ['ekau] n эхо
неотложная помощь
edge [ed3] n край
Edinburgh ['edinbara] Эдин- emergency room [rum] n
приемный покой
бург
education [,edju'keijn] n об- employ [im'ploi] v нанимать
empty ['empti] а пустой; v
разование
впадать (ореке); опоражeffect [1'fekt] n последствие
нивать; собирать (выниeffective [I'fektiv] о эффекмать) письма из почтовых
тивный
ящиков
effort f'efat] n усилие
empty-handed [,empti'ha?ndid]
egg [eg] n яйцо
а с пустыми руками
egoism ['egauizm] n эгоизм
empty-headed [,empti'hedid] а
Egypt ['i:d3ipt] Египет
пустоголовый
eighteen [,ei'ti:n] пит
encourage [т'клгк1з] v
восемнадцать
ободрять; поощрять;
eighty perti] пит восемьдесят
поддерживать; подстрекать;
elastic [1'laestik] а эластичпотворствовать
ный
encouraging [т'клг^зго] а
elder ['elda] а старший
ободряющий
electrical [i'lektnkl] а электencyclopedia
[m.saikla'pi:dia]
рический
п энциклопедия
electricity [i ,lek'tnsm] n электend [end] n конец
ричество
endless ['endlas] о бесконечelectron [ilektron] n электрон
ный
electronic
[i,lek'trDtiik]
о
endure [m'djua] v выносить,
электронный
выдерживать
elegant ['ehgant] а очень
красивый;
элегантный; enemy ['enimi] n враг
energetic [,ena'd3etik] а энерроскошный
гичный; активный
elephant ['elifant] n слон
energy ['enad3i] n энергия
Elizabeth [i'lizaba0] Елизавета
engage [m'geid3] v нанимать
на работу; занимать чем-л.
472
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
English ['rrjghj] английский; по-английски English
Channel [,irjgli|
'tjaenl] JIa Манш
Englishman ['rnghjman] n
англичанин engine ['end3in] n
мотор engineer [,end3i'nia] n
инженер enjoy [in'd3Di] v
наслаждаться
enormous [I'ro.mas] а огромный
enough [iWfl adv довольно,
достаточно
enter ['enta] v входить; поступать (в учебное заведение)
entertainment [.enta'temmant]
п развлечение
entrance ['entrans] n вход
entrance hall [ho:l] вестибюль
envelope ['envibup] n конверт
equipment [I'kwipmant] n
оборудование
error ['егэ] п ошибка;
заблуждение; ложное
представление
eruption [гтлр/п] n извержение
escape [1'skeip] v спастись;
бежать
escort [i'skD:t] v конвоировать (арестованного)
essentially [i'senjali] adv в
сущности
etc.: et cetera [,et'setra] и так
далее
Ethiopia [,i:9i'aupia] Эфиопия
Europe ['ju:arap] Европа
even [i:vn] adv даже
.
evening ['i:vnrn] n вечер ever
['eva] adv когда-нибудь every
['evnjpron каждый everyone
['evriwAn] pron
каждый; все everything
['evn9rn]pron все everywhere
['evriwea] adv
везде evidently ['evidantli]
adv
очевидно exact [ig'zaekt] а
точный exactly [ig'zsekh] adv
точно examination
[ig,za?mi'neijn], (also exam) n
экзамен medical ['medikl]
examination медицинский
осмотр examine [ig'zaemm] v
экзаменовать; осматривать
exceedingly [ik'si:dirjli] adv
исключительно, чрезвычайно
excellent ['eksalant] а отличный except [ik'sept] adv кроме
exception [ik'sepfn] n исключение exchange [iks'tfemd3] n
обмен exchange student
['stju:dant] студент по обмену
excited [ik'saitid] а возбужденный; взволнованный
exciting [ik'saitrn] а захватывающий, увлекательный
exclaim [ik'skleim] v воскликнуть exclamation
[,ekskla'meifn] n
восклицание excursion
[ik'ska:Jn] n экскурсия excuse
[ik'skju:z] v извинить
Англо-русский словарь
exercise ['eksasaiz] n упражнение
morning exercises [ ,тэ:шг)
'eksasaiziz] утренняя зарядка
exercise book ['eksasaizbuk]
nтетрадь exhausted [ig'zo:stid]
а измученный, изнуренный
exhibition [,eksi'bijn] n выставка exist [ig'zist] v
существовать exit ['eksit] n
выход expect [ik'spekt] v
ожидать;
рассчитывать expectantly
[ik'spektanth]
adv в ожидании expedition
[,ekspi'dijn] n
экспедиция expensive
[ik'spensiv] а дорогой
experience [ik'spianans] n
опыт experienced
[ik'spiananst] a
опытный experiment
[ik'spenmant] n
эксперимент experimental
[ik.spen'mentl]
а экспериментальный explain
[ik'splem] v объяснять
explanation [.ekspla'neijn] n
объяснение explore [ik'spb:] v
исследовать explorer
[ik'spb:ra] n исследователь
explosion [ik'splau33n] n
взрыв expression [ik'sprejan] n
выражение extra ['ekstra] а
добавочный;
дополнительный extract
['ekstraekt] n отрывок
473
extracurricular activities
[,ekstraka'nkjubr aek'tivitiz]
внеклассная работа eye [ai] n
глаз eyeglasses ['aigla:siz] n
очки eyesight ['aisait] n зрение
F
face [feis] n лицо; v встречаться лицом к лицу;
обращаться лицом к;
облицовывать facial ['feifal] a
facial expression выражение
лица fact [fa?kt] n факт
in fact в сущности factory
['faektan] n завод;
фабрика fail [feil] v потерпеть
неудачу; провалиться на экзамене; оставлять; покидать fair
[fea] а прекрасный fairy tale
['feanteil] n сказка faithful
[TeiSfal] а верный fall [fo:l]
(fell, fallen) v падать
fall asleep заснуть fall ill
заболеть fall in love
влюбиться fall into the trap
[tra?p] попасться в ловушку
fallen ['fo:bn] см. fall false
[foils] а неверный;
ложный familiar [fa'milja] а
знакомый family ['faemih] n
семья famous [Teimas] о
знаменитый fan [faen] n
болельщик fantastic
[fa?n'ta?stik] а фантастический; нереальный,
сказочный; потрясающий;
изумительный
474
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
far [fa:] adv далеко Far East
[,fa:r'i:st] Дальний Восток
fare [fea] n плата за проезд
farm [farm] n ферма farmer
['fa.ma] п фермер farmyard
['fa:mja:d] n двор
фермы farther [Та:бэ] adv
дальше fascinate ['faesmeit] v
очаровывать, приводить в
восхищение, пленять
fashionable [Taejnabl] а модный fast [fa:st] a быстрый
fasten [fa:sn] v прикреплять
father [Та:бэ] п отец favour
[Teiva] n: in favour of
в пользу favourable
['feivarabl] а благоприятный
favourite ['feivant] а любимый
fear [fia] n страх
no fear не бойся fearful
['fiafal] а страшный feather
[Тебэ] п перо (птицы)
February [Tebruan] февраль
fed [fed] см. feed feed [fi:d]
(fed, fed) v кормить feel [fi:l]
(felt, felt) v чувствовать
feel in a position считать себя в
состоянии что-л. сделать feel
at liberty ['libati] быть вправе
что-л. делать feeling ['fi.lrn] n
чувство feet [fi:t] см. foot fell
[fel] см. fall fellow ['febu] n
парень fellow student
['stju:dant] n сокурсник felt
[felt] см. feel
fence [fens] n забор festival
['festival] n фестиваль;
праздник theatre ['Giata]
festival театральный
фестиваль few [fju:] pron мало
field [fi:ld] n поле figure ['ftga]
п фигура; цифра; v
рассчитывать fill [fil] v
наполнять fill a tooth [tu:9]
запломбировать зуб film
[film] n фильм; пленка film
actor ['aekta] n киноактер
final ['fainl] а конечный
finally ['famah] adv в конце
find [famd] (found, found) v
находить
find out выяснить, разузнать
fine [fain] а красивый; чудесный fine [fain] v оштрафовать;
n штраф finger ['frnga] n палец
fingerprint ['fmgapnnt] n отпечаток пальца finish ['finif]
vкончать Finland ['fmland]
Финляндия fire [faia] n огонь;
костер; пожар; v уволить (с
работы), освободить от занимаемой должности fire
brigade [Таю bn,geid] n
пожарная команда fireman
['faiaman] п пожарный,
пожарник fireplace ['faiapleis]
n камин firm [farm] а твердый
first [fa.st] пит первый; adv
сперва firtree [Ta:tri:] n
елка
Англо-русский словарь
fish [fij] n рыба; v ловить рыбу
fisherman ['fijaman] n рыбак
fishing rod ['fijrn,rod] n удочка
fist [fist] n кулак
fix [fiks] v укреплять; устанавливать; чинить
flag [flaeg] n флаг
flammable ['flajmabal] а легко
воспламеняющийся
flash [fla:J] v вспыхивать,
мелькать, мигать, сигналить
(светом) flashing light
['flaejirjlait] сигнальный свет;
мигалка
flat [flaet] n квартира
flew [flu:] см. fly
flight [flait] n авиарейс
flood [fUd] n наводнение
floor [flo:] n пол; этаж
flour [flaua] n мука
flow [flau] v течь
flower ['flaua] n цветок
flown [flaun] см. fly
flu [flu:] n грипп
fluently ['fluantli] adv бегло
flushed [fL\|t] а раскрасневшийся
fly [flai] (flew, flown) v летать
fog [fog] n туман
fold [fauld] v складывать
folk [fauk] n народ
follow ['folau] v следовать за
following ['folaurn] а следующий
fond [fond] a: be fond of
очень любить
food [fu:d] n пища
fool [fu:l] n дурак
foolish ['fu:lij] а глупый
475
foot [fut] (мн. Ч. feet) n нога,
фут
football ffutborl] n футбол
footprint ['fut„print] n след,
отпечаток (ноги)
for [fo:]prep для
forecast ['fb:ka:st] v делать
прогноз; предсказывать; n
weather forecast ['weda
'fD:ka:st] прогноз погоды
force [fa:s] n сила
foreign ['form] а иностранный
forest [Tonst] n лес
forgave [fa'geiv] см. forgive
forget [fa'get] (forgot, forgotten) v забывать
forgetful [fa'getfal] а забывчивый
forgive
[fa'giv]
(forgave,
forgiven) v прощать
forgiven [fa'givn] см. forgive
forgot [fa'got] см. forget
forgotten [fa'gotn] см. forget
fork [fo:k] n вилка
Forsyte Saga ['fD:sait,sa:ga]
„Сага о Форсайтах"
fortifications [„fb:tifi'keifnz] n
укрепления, фортификации
fortnight ['fD:tnait] n две недели
fortune ['foitpn] п состояние;
удача; фортуна; уйма денег
forty [Тэ:п] пит сорок
forward ['fD:wad] adv вперед
found [faund] см. find
founder ['faunda] n основатель
fourteen [,fo:'ti:n] пит четырнадцать
fox [foks] n лиса
fragrant [Treigrant] а душистый
476
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
France [fra:ns] Франция
frankly ['fraeukh] adv откровенно
free [fri:] а свободный; бесплатный
freeze [fri:z] v замерзать
French [frentj] французский;
по-французски French fries
[,frentf'fraiz] жареный
картофель „фри" (чипсы)
fuss [fXs] n суматоха; суета;
шум
Frenchman
['frentjman]
n
француз
frequently ['frirkwanth] adv
часто; постоянно
fresh [frej] а свежий
freshman ['frejmon] n новичок
Friday ['fraidi] пятница
fridge [fnd3] n холодильник;
холодильная камера без
морозильника (AmE)
fried [fraid] а жареный
friend [frend] n друг
make friends подружиться
friendly ['frendh] а дружественный; дружелюбный
friendship ['frendfip] n дружба
frighten ['fraitn] v пугать
frightened ['fraitnd] а испуганный, напуганный
from [from]prep от; с
front [frAnt] n: in front of
перед
front а передний front door
[do:] парадная дверь
frost [frost] n мороз
frosty ['frosti] а морозный
frown [fraun] v хмуриться
fruit [fru:t] n фрукт
fruitcake ['frurtkeik] n торт с
орехами и цукатами, а также с
консервированными
фруктами full [ful] а полный
fun [fAn] n веселье, забава,
развлечение funny [ТАГИ] а
смешной fur coat ['faikoutl n
шуба furniture [Тэ:пп]э] п
мебель future ['fjurtp] n
будущее; а
будущий fuss [fXs] n
суматоха; суета; шум
G Gadfly
['gaedflai] Овод gallery
['gaebn] n галерея Galsworthy
['go:lzwa:di] Голсуорси game [geim] n игра
gangway ['gaerjwei] n трап
garage ['да?га:з, де'гагз] п гараж garden [ga:dn] n сад gas
[gaes] n газ gas cooker
['ga?s,kuko] n газовая плита
gas station ['ga?s,steijn] n автозаправочная станция gate
[geit] n ворота; калитка gather
['дагбэ] v собираться) gave
[geiv] см. give geese [gi:s] см.
goose general ['<1зепэгэ1] а
всеобщий generate ['d3enareit]
v генерировать, производить
Geneva [d3o'ni:v3] Женева
Genoa ['dsenauo] Генуя
gentleman ['dgentlman] n
джентльмен geography
[d3i'ografi] n география
Англо-русский словарь
geometry [d3i'omitn] n геометрия George Bernard
Shaw [,d3o:d3,b3:rad'jo:]
Джордж Бернард Шоу German
[^зэ:тэп] немецкий; понемецки Germany [Мзэ:тэш]
Германия get [get] (got, got) v
доставать; получать; попадать;
добраться; доехать;
становиться
get angry ['aerjgri] рассердиться get down to взяться
за get fat [fa?t] располнеть,
растолстеть get off сойти
(с трамвая,
автобуса ) get on (with)
ладить get out of the car
выйти
из машины get through
дозвониться
(по телефону) get up
вставать gift [gift] n подарок;
дар; талант
gift for languages [4aengwid3iz]
m способность к языкам give
[giv] (gave, given) v давать;
устраивать (вечеринку)
give up бросить given [givn]
см. give glad [glaed] а рад
gladly ['glaedli] adv с удовольствием glance [gla:ns] n
взгляд glass [glcr.s] n стекло;
стакан glasses ['glarsiz] n очки
glove [д1лу] п перчатка
477
go [дэи] (went, gone) v ИДТИ,
ХОДИТЬ; ездить go on
продолжать; происходить go
out выходить; развлекаться
(ходить куда-либо); гаснуть (о
свете) go to the movies
['mu:viz] AmE (pictures
['piktjaz] BrE) ходить в кино
goat [gout] n коза God [gad] n
Бог gold [gauld] n золото
golden ['дэиИэп] а золотой
goldfish ['дэиЫ,й}] n серебряный карась; золотая рыбка
gone [доп] см. go Gone with
the Wind [,gon wid de'wind]
(книга и фильм) „Унесенные
ветром" good [gud] а хороший
Good Samaritan [,gud
sa'maentan] n добрый самаритянин; добросердечный
человек goose [gu:s] (мн. ч.
geese) n
гусь got [got] см. get, а
также
have government
['gAvanmant] n
правительство grab [grseb] v
внезапно схватить; хватать
graduate ['gra?d3uit] v оканчивать (учебное заведение)
graduation [,gra?d3u'eijn] n
окончание (учебного заведения) grammar Гдгэетэ] п
грамматика grandchildren
['дгагп ,tjildran] n внуки
478
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
grandfather ['grasnd,fa:d3] n
дедушка grandmother
['дгагп.тлбэ] п
бабушка grandparents
['graenjjearants]
п бабушка и дедушка
grandson ['дгагшлп] п внук
granite ['дгагпп] п гранит
grapes [greips] n виноград
grass [gra:s] и трава great
[greit] а великий; очень
большой; замечательный
Great Britain [,greit'bntn]
Великобритания greatly
['greith] adv очень Greece [gri:s]
Греция greediness ['grirdmis] n
жадность Greek [gri:k]
греческий; по-гречески green
[gri:n] а зеленый Greenland
['gri:nbnd] Гренландия greet
[grirt] v приветствовать
greeting ['griitirj] n приветствие
grew [gru:] см. grow grey
[grei] а серый; седой ground
[graund] и земля group [gru:p]
n группа grow [дгэи] (grew,
grown) v
расти; выращивать grown
[дгэип] см. grow grown-up n
взрослый gruel ['дш:э1] п каша
guard [ga.d] n охрана,
охранник, страж guess [ges] v
угадать; думать (AmE) guest
[gest] n гость guide [gaid] n гид
Guinness Book of Records
[,gm3sbuk av 'rekordz] Книга рекордов Гиннесса
guitar [gi'ta:] n гитара
Gulf of Finland [,gAlf av
'fmbnd] Финский залив
Gulliver's Travels [,длЬуэг
'traevalz]
„Путешествия
Гулливера"
gun [длп] п ружье; пистолет;
пушка
Н habit ['hasbrt] n
привычка had [hasd] см. have
Hague [heig] Гаага hair [Ьеэ] п
волосы half [ha.f] n половина
hall [ho:l] п зал; прихожая halt
[ho:lt] n остановка ham [hasm]
n ветчина hand [hasnd] n рука;
v вручать
hand in сдавать handbag
['hasndbasg] n сумочка
handkerchief ['hasiikgtjif] n
носовой платок handsome
['hasnsam] а красивый
handwriting ['hasnd,raitio] n
почерк hang [hasi]] (hung,
hung) v
висеть; вешать happen
[Ъагрэп] v случаться happening
[Ъагрпп)] п случай happily
['haspili] adv счастливо
happiness ['haepmis] n
счастье happy ['haspi] а
счастливый harbour [Ъа:Ьэ] п
гавань hard [hard] a твердый,
жесткий; суровый adv упорно
Англо-русский словарь
hard life тяжелая жизнь
work hard упорно трудиться
hardly ['ha:dli] adv едва
hardship ['ha:d|ip] n трудность; неприятность;
невзгода
hardworking ['ha:dw3:kn}] a
трудолюбивый
hare [Ьеэ] п заяц
Harlem River [,ha:bm'nv3]
Гарлем Ривер (река в НьюЙорке)
harm [ha:m] n вред do harm
причинять вред
Harry Trench [.hasri'trentj]
Гарри Тренч
Harvard ['hcuvad] Гарвард
hasten [heisn] v спешить
hat [hast] n шляпа
hate [heit] v ненавидеть
have [hasv] (had, had) v, a
также have got v иметь
hay [hei] n сено
head [hed] n голова; глава
headache ['hedeik] n головная
боль
splitting ['sphtiTj] headache
очень сильная головная
боль („трещит голова")
headmistress [,hed'mistris] п
директор школы (женщина)
health [hel6] n здоровье
healthful ['helGful] а здоровый, полезный для здоровья
health resort ['hel6n,zD:t] n
дом отдыха, санаторий
healthy [*hel6i] а здоровый,
имеющий хорошее здоровье; полезный
hear [his] (heard, heard) v
слышать
479
heard [ha:d] см. hear
heart [ha:t] n сердце; by heart
adv наизусть
heart attack ['ha:ta,task] n
сердечный приступ
heartily ['ha:tih] adv сердечно
heat [hi:t] n жара
heavily ['hevili] adv тяжело
heavy ['hevi] а тяжелый
heel [hi:l] n пятка; каблук
height [hart] n рост; высота
helicopter ['helikopta] n вертолет
helium ['hi:lrem] n гелий
held [held] см. hold
hellp [ha'bu, he'bu] (hallo)
intалло; привет
help [help] v помогать; п
помощь
Hemingway ['hemnjwei] Хемингуэй
hen [hen] n курица
her [Ъэ:]ргоп еѐ; ей
here [hia] adv здесь; сюда
Hermann [Ъэ:тэп] Германн
Hermitage ['h3:mitid3] Эрмитаж
hero ['hrarau] п герой
hesitate ['heziteit] v колебаться
hid [hid] см. hide
hide [haid] (hid, hidden) v
прятать(ся)
hide-and-seek (игра в)
прятки
high [hai] а высокий hightech [,hai'tek] n высокие
технологии (использование
самой передовой техники,
процессов и методов)
highly ['haili] adv высоко
480
Англо-русский словарь
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
hijack [Ъак1загк] v угонять;
похищать
hijacked ['haid3ffikt] pp захваченный;
угнанный;
похищенный
(самолет,
автобус)
hijacker [Ъа^загкэ] п угонщик, бандит
hill [hil] n холм
Hilton [hiltn] Хилтон (отель)
him [him]pron ему; его
Himalayas [,hima'leiaz] Гималаи
hire [haia] v нанимать
his [hiz] pron его
historical [hi'stankl] а исторический
history ['histan] n история
hobby ['habi] n конек, хобби,
любимое занятие, увлечение чем-л.
hockey ['haki] n хоккей
Hogarth [Ъэидскб] Хогарт
holiday ['holidi] n каникулы;
праздник
hold [hauld] (held, held) v
держать
hold smb hostige [ЪЭБГЮЗ]
держать кого-л. в качестве
заложника hold up
задержать
hold n: take hold of взяться
(ухватиться) за
home [haum] adv домой
at home дома
hometown [,haum'taun] n
родной город
homework ['haumwa:k] п домашнее задание
honest ['anist] а честный
honey [Ълш] п мед
hoot [hu:t] v гудеть; ухать (о
сове)
hope [haup] v надеяться
horizon [ha'raizan] n горизонт
horrible [ЪэгэЫ] а ужасный
horror [Ъэгэ] п ужас horse
[ha:s] и лошадь horseback
['haisbask] n: on
horseback верхом
horseshoe ['ho.sju:] n подкова
hospitable ['haspitabal] a
гостеприимный hospital
['hasprtl] n больница hospital
gown [gaun] и рубашка из
бумаги, которая
выбрасывается после осмотра
каждого пациента hospitalize
['haspitlaiz] v госпитализировать host [haust] n
хозяин hostess ['haustis] n
хозяйка hostige ['hostid3] n
заложник hot [hot] а жаркий;
горячий hotel [hau'tel] n
гостиница hour [ада] п час
house [haus] n дом how [hau]
adv как however [hau'eva] adv
как бы
то ни было; con) однако
howl [haul] v выть Hudson
River [,hAdsn'riva]
река Гудзон huge [hju:d3] а
огромный humour ['hjurma] n
юмор sense of humor [,sensav
'hjurma] чувство юмора
hundred ['hAndrid] n сто hung
[h/vrj] см. hang hunger
['h/vrjga] п голод hungry
[Ълг)дп] а голодный hunter
['lunta] n охотник hurry [Ълп]
v спешить; п
спешка hurt [hart] (hurt, hurt)
v ушибить; причинить боль
husband ['Lvzband] n муж
hydrogen ['haidrad3an] n водород hypocricy [hi'paknsi] n
лицемерие
I
ice [ais] n лед
ice cream [,ais'kri:m] n мороженое
icon ['aikan] n икона
idea [ai'dia] n идея; мысль
ideal [ai'dial] n идеал; а
идеальный
identify [ai'dentifai] v опознавать
identity [ai'dentiti] n личность
identity card [ka:d] удостоверение личности
ignore [ig'na:] v игнорировать; пренебрегать
ill [il] а больной
illness ['ilnis] n болезнь
imagine [i'maed3in] v воображать; представлять
imitate ['imiteit] v имитировать
immediate [i'mi:diat] а немедленный, мгновенный;
ближайший
immediately [i'mi:diath] adv
немедленно
impact ['impaekt] n воздействие
implant ['impla:nt] n имплантант
importance [im'paitans] n
важность
important [im'partant] а важный
imported [im'partid] а импортный impossible
[im'pasabl] а невозможный
16 Ю. Голицынский
481
impress [im'pres] v производить впечатление
imprison [im'pnzn] v заключать в тюрьму
imprisonment [im'pnznmant] n
тюремное заключение
improve [im'pruiv] v улучшать
inattentive [ .ina'tentiv] а невнимательный
income ['mkam] n доход
increase [m'kri:s] v увеличиваться)
indeed [m'di:d] adv в самом
деле; действительно
independence [,inda'pendans] n
независимость
India ['india] Индия
Indian Ocean [,indian'aujn]
Индийский океан
indicate ['mdikeit] v указывать; давать знать о
indivisible [,indi'vizibl] а неделимый
Indonesia [mda'nirzia] Индонезия
inferior [m'fiaria] а подчиненный; стоящий ниже
inform [m'fo:m] v информировать
information [.mfa'meijn] n
информация
injure ['ind3a] v ушибить;
повредить; ранить
injustice [in'd3AStis] несправедливость
ink [irjk] n чернила
inky ['irjki] а чернильный;
испачканный чернилами
inn [in] n постоялый двор
innocent ['inasant] а невиновный; невинный insect
['msekt] n насекомое
482
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
inside [m'said] adv внутри;
внутрь insist [m'sist] v
настаивать inspect [m'spekt] v
инспектировать, проверять
instance ['mstans] n: for
instance например instead of
[m'stedav] вместо institute
['mstrtjurt] n институт instruct
[in'strAkt] v инструктировать;
давать указания;обучать
instruction [m'strAkjn]
n
инструкция;
указание;
обучение
intelligent [m'tehd33nt] а умный, сообразительный
intend [in'tend] v намереваться
interest ['mtrsst] n проценты
interest ['mtrast] v интересовать
interested ['mtrastid] a: be
interested интересоваться
interesting ['mtrsstrn] а интересный
interfere [дШэ'пэ] v вмешиваться
internationally [^ints'naspnali]
adv
в
международном
масштабе; за границу
interpreter [m'taipnte] n переводчик
interrupt [,intg'rApt] v прерывать; перебивать
interval ['mtovsl] n перерыв
interview ['mtavju:] n интервью
introduce
[,mtr3'dju:s]
v
представлять (кого-л. комул.)
invent [m'vent] v изобретать
invention [m'venjn] n изобретение
inventor [m'venta] n изобретатель
invitation [,mvi'teijn] n приглашение
invite [m'vait] v приглашать involve [m'volv] v вовлечь;
впутывать get involved
связаться (с)
Ireland ['aratand] Ирландия
Irene [ai'rkni] Ирина
Irish Sea [.aian/'si:] Ирландское море
iron ['аюп] п железо; утюг; v
гладить
irritation [,in'teijn] n раздражение
Irving ['g:vrn] Ирвинг
island ['aitand] n остров
issue ['iju:, 'isju:] n выпуск;
номер (журнала)
isthmus ['ismas] n перешеек
Italian [I'taehan] итальянский;
по-итальянски
Italy ['iteli] Италия
item ['aitam] n предмет; вещь
its [its] pron его
Ivanhoe ['aivanhau] Айвенго
J
jacket ['d3aekit] n куртка;
жакет
jail [d3eil] n тюрьма
jam [d3aem] n варенье
Jamaica ^зэ'теткэ] Ямайка
Jane Eyre [,ѐзет'ед] Джейн Эйр
January ['dsasnjuan] январь
Japanese [,d3sep3'ni:z] японский; по-японски
jar [d3a:] n банка
jazz [d3aez] n джаз jazz band
[baend] джаз-оркестр
Jean Armour [,d3i:n'a:m3]
ДжинАрмор
Англо-русский словарь
jeans [d3i:nz] n джинсы
job [d3ob] n работа
jog [d3og] v бегать трусцой,
заниматься
оздоровительным бегом
join [d3om] v присоединяться
к
joke [d3suk] n шутка; v шутить
jolly ['d3oh] adv очень
Jolyon ['d3oli3n] Джолион
journal ['d3a:nl] n журнал
journalist ['d3a:n3list] n журналист
journey ['d3a:ni] n путешествие
joy [d3Di]n радость
judge [d3Ad3] n судья
jug [d3Ag] n кувшин
juice [d3u:s] n сок
July [d3u'lai] июль
jump [^злтр] v прыгать; п
прыжок
junction ['d3Ankjan] п железнодорожный узел
June [d3u:n] июнь
jungle [Мзлт}дэ1] п джунгли
just [d3ASt] а справедливый;
adv как раз; только что;
только; просто
justice ['d3Astis] n справедливость; правосудие
К
karate [ka'ra:ti] n карате keep
[ki:p] (kept, kept) v держать
(хранить) keep awake [a'weik]
не давать спать keep in mind
[mamd] иметь
в виду; помнить keep quiet
['kwaiat] сохранять
спокойствие; соблюдать
тишину
483
keep on продолжать keeper
['ki:pa] n смотритель;
хранитель kept [kept] см. keep
kettle ['ketl] n чайник key [ki:]
n ключ от двери kid [kid] v
подшучивать;
одурачить kill [kil] v убивать
kilometre ['kita.miita] n километр kind [kamd] а добрый
kind [kamd] n род, вид, сорт
kindergarten ['kindagaitn] n
детский сад kindness
['kamdnis] n доброта kinetic
[ki'netik, kai'netik] a
кинетический king [km] n
король kingdom ['krndsm] n
королевство King Lear
[.krn'lia] король
Лир Kingsville ['krnsvil]
Кингсвил kitchen ['kitjm] n кухня
kitchen garden [,kitjm 'ga:dn]
nогород kitten ['kitn] n
котенок knee [ni:] n колено
knee-deep [,ni:'di:p] adv no
колено knew [nju:] см.
know knife [naif] n нож
knight [nait] n рыцарь
knit [nit] v вязать knock
[nok] v стучать
knock down сбить с ног
know [пэи] (knew, known) v
знать knowledge ['пэидз] ft
знание known [пэип] см.
know
484
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
L laboratory
[b'boratn] n лаборатория lace
[leis] v зашнуровывать lady
['leidi] n дама lag behind ['lag
bi'hamd] v
отставать laid [leid] см. lay
lain [lem] см. lie lake [leik] n
озеро lamb [laem] n ягненок
lamp [lasmp] n лампа; фонарь
land [lasnd] n земля; v приставать к берегу landslide
['laendslaid] n оползень
language ['laeijgwid3] n
язык laptop [laeptop] n
портативный компьютер
(ноутбук) large [la:d3] a
большой largely [4a:d3li] adv в
большой мере last [la.sf] a
последний; прошлый; adv в
последний раз
at last наконец late
[leit] а поздний
be late опаздывать later
[Чепэ] adv позже; а
более поздний latest updates
[Ap'deits] n самая последняя
информация с дополнениями и
изменениями laugh [la:fj v
смеяться launch [b:ntj] v
запускать launch an attack
[s'task] начать атаку, атаковать
law [b:] n закон lay [lei] (laid,
laid) v класть lay the table
накрывать на стол
lay [lei] см. lie layer [Чею] п
слой lazy ['leizi] а ленивый
lead [li:d] (led, led) v вести,
руководить leading [4i:dn}]
а ведущий leaf [li:fj (мн. ч.
leaves) n
лист (дерева) leafless [4i:fbs]
а без листьев leak [li:k] v
протекать; давать течь lean
[li:n] v облокачиваться;
склоняться learn [b:n]
(learnt, learnt) v
учить(ся); узнавать learnt [b.nt]
см. learn leather [Чебэ] п кожа
leave [li:v] (left, left) v
оставлять; покидать; уезжать
leaves [li:vz] см. leaf lecture
['lektjal n лекция lecturer
['lektpra] n лектор led [led] см.
lead left [left] а левый left [left]
см. leave leg [leg] n нога legend
['led33nd] n легенда leisure
[Чезэ] п досуг; свободное
время lemon [Четэп] п лимон
lemonade [.lema'neid] n лимонад lend [lend] (lent, lent) v
давать взаймы lent [lent] см.
lend Leonardo da Vinci
[,li:3'na:d9u da'vmtji] Леонардо
да Винчи less [les] adv меньше
lesson [lesn] n урок let [let]
пусть
lethal [4i:6al] а смертоносный;
смертельный
Англо-русский словарь
let's [lets] давайте letter ['lets] n
письмо liberty ['libati] n
свобода librarian [lai'breairan]
n библиотекарь library
['laibran] п библиотека
Lickcheese [4ikt}i:z] Ликчиз
lid [lid] n крышка lie [lai] (lay,
lain) v лежать lie [lai] v лгать;
п ложь life [laif] n жизнь lift
[lift] v поднимать; п лифт light
[lait] n свет; фара; а светлый,
легкий; v светить; освещать;
зажигать (свет, костер,
огонь) light a fire [fais]
развести
костер flashing ['flaejrn] light
мигалка light bulb [Ьл1Ь] п
лампочка lighter ['laita] n
зажигалка lighthouse
[4aithaus] n маяк lightly ['laith]
adv слегка lightning ['laitnrn] п
молния like [laik] v любить;
нравиться; con]как limit
['limit] v лимитировать,
ограничивать line [lam] n
линия; строчка;
очередь linger ['lnjgs] v
медлить lion ['laian] n лев lip
[lip] n губа liquid flikwid] n
жидкость list [list] n список
listen [lisn] v слушать listlessly
['listbsli] adv апатично,
равнодушно, без интереса
literature ['htratja] n литература
485
little [litl] а маленький; adv
мало; a little немного live [hv]
v жить lively ['laivli] а
оживленный; adv оживленно
liver [4iva] n печень living
room ['hviijrum] n жилая
комната; гостиная Livingstone
['hvrqstan] Ливингстон load [bud] n груз; v
грузить;
нагружать loaf [buf] n
буханка хлеба;
батон (булка) local [bukl] а
местный lock [bk] n замок; v
запирать на замок Locksley
['bksli] Локсли London
f'lAndan] Лондон lonely
['bunh] а одинокий long [bij] а
длинный look [luk] v
смотреть; выглядеть; n взгляд
look at смотреть на; рассматривать; просматривать
look for искать look forward
to с нетерпением ждать
чего-л. look through
просмотреть (пробежать
взглядом) have a look
взглянуть,
посмотреть take a look
взглянуть, посмотреть lorry
['bn] n грузовик lose [lu:z]
(lost, lost) v терять lose a game
проиграть игру loser [Чи:гэ] п
проигравший;
неудачник lost
[bst] см. lose
486
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
lot [lot] n: a lot очень много
lottery ['bten] n лотерея loud
[laud] а громкий loudly
['laudh] adv громко love [IAV]
n любовь; v любить lovely
['kvli] а чудесный low [bu] а
низкий Lowood ['buwud]
Лоувуд luck [1лк] п судьба;
случай bad luck неудача;
невезение; несчастье luckily
['Lvkili] adv к счастью lucky
['Ыа] а удачливый;
везучий luggage [4лдн1з] п
багаж Luke Flint [,lu:k'flmt]
Люк
Флинт lump [1лтр1 п кусок
lunch [1лпц] п второй завтрак, ленч lung [1лп] п легкое
lung cancer ['kaensa] рак
легкого luxury ['1лк}эп] п
роскошь lying ['lairn]presp от
lie (lay, lain) v лежать
M machine
[ma'Jiin] n машина vending
machine ['vendin majiin] n
торговый автомат для
продажи газет, марок,
сигарет, конфет) mad [masd]
а сумасшедший,
помешанный, безумный
made [meid] см. make
Madrid [ma'dnd] Мадрид
magazine [,maega'zi:n] n
журнал magician [ma'd3ijn] n
волшебник magnify
['masgnifai] и увеличивать
magnitude ['maegnitju:d] n
величина; масштаб; сила
(землетрясения)
maid [meid] n горничная
mail [meil] n почта; письма;
почтовая корреспонденция
mailbag ['meilbaeg] n мешок
с почтой
mailbox ['meilboks] n почтовый ящик
main [mem] а главный
make [meik] (made, made) v
делать; заставлять
Malaysia [ma'leizia] Малайзия
Maldives ['moildaivz] Мальдивские острова
mall [тэ:1] п большой торговый центр
man [rnasn] (мн. ч. men) n
мужчина; человек
manage ['masmd3] v суметь;
удаваться; управлять
manager ['таешДзэ] п менеджер, управляющий
mango ['таепдэи] п манго
Manhattan [masn'haetn] Манхеттен
mantelpiece ['meentlpiis] n
каминная доска
many ['теш] ргоп много
тар [таер] п карта
marathon ['таегэбэп] п марафон
marble [ma:bl] n мрамор
March [ma:tj] март
margin ['ma:d3in] n поля
mark [ma:k] n отметка,
оценка; v отмечать; ставить
отметку
market ['ma:kit] n рынок; v
выбрасывать на рынок
Англо-русский словарь
marketplace ['maikitpleis] n
рынок
marmelade ['marmaleid] n
джем (особ, апельсинный
или лимонный), повидло,
мармелад,
варенье
(апельсиновое)
marriage ['таепѐз] п брак;
бракосочетание;
супружество
married ['maend] а женат;
замужем
marry ['maeri] v жениться;
выходить замуж
marvellous ['ma:vabs] а изумительный; чудесный
mask [ma:sk, maesk] n маска
mass [maes] n масса
massive ['maesiv] а огромный
master ['ma:sta] n хозяин; v
овладевать
(знаниями,
навыками)
masterpiece ['ma:st3pi:s] л
шедевр
material [ma'tianal] n материал
match [maetj] n матч
match [maetf] v соответствовать; подходить
match [maetj] n спичка
mathematician [,тае9этэ'tifn] n математик
mathematics [.maeGa'maetiks]
п математика matter ['maeta]
n дело Is anything the
matter? Что-нибудь
случилось? What does that
matter? Что это значит?
What's the matter? В чем
дело?
487
may [mei] (might) v можно;
может быть; maybe adv может
быть May [mei] май Maylie
['meili] Мэйли me [mi:]ргоп
мне; меня mealtime ['mi:ltaim]
n время еды mean [mi:n]
(meant, meant) v значить;
иметь в виду; подразумевать
means [mi:nz] n средства
meant [ment] см. mean
measure ['тезэ] п мера; v
измерять
take measures принимать
меры meat [mi:t] n мясо
mechanic [mi'kaemk] n механик medical ['medikal] а
медицинский medicine
['medsan, 'medisan] n
медицина; лекарство
Mediterranean [ .medite'reinjan]
Sea [si:] Средиземное море
meet [mi:t] (met, met) v встречаться); знакомиться meeting
['mi:trn] n встреча;
митинг; собрание melt [melt]
v таять; плавить member
['memba] n член memory
['тетап] п память men [men]
см. man mend [mend] v
чинить mention [menjn] v
упоминать
Don't mention it! Ничего! He
стоит благодарности! menu
['menju:] n меню merchant f
maitpritj n купец mere [mia] а
простой merrily ['menh] adv
весело
488
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
merry ['men] а веселый
message ['mesid3] n послание;
сообщение met [met] см.
meet metal ['metl] n металл
meteorite ['miitiarait] n метеорит method ['meGad] n
метод mice [mais] см. mouse
Michael [maikl] Майкл
Michigan ['mijigan] Мичиган
Lake [leik] Michigan озеро
Мичиган Mickey Mouse
[,miki'maus]
Микки-Маус microscope
['maikraskaup] n
микроскоп middle ['midl] n
середина middle-aged
[,midl'eid3d] a
средних лет midnight
['midnait] n полночь might
[mait] см. may mile [mail] n
миля milk [milk] n молоко
milk shake [,milk jeik] n молочный коктейль million
['miljan] n миллион
millionaire [.milja'nea] n
миллионер mind [mamd] v
помнить; иметь в виду;
соблюдать; возражать; иметь
что-л. против; п ум; память;
мнение
bear [Ьеэ] in mind иметь в
виду; помнить Never Mind!
Ничего, не беспокойтесь!
mine [mam] n шахта mineral
['miraral] n минерал; полезное
ископаемое minute ['mmit] n
минута
mirror ['mire] n зеркало
misbehave [,misbi'heiv] v
плохо себя вести
miserable ['mizarabl] а несчастный; жалкий
mispronounce [ ,mispra'nauns]
v неправильно произносить
miss [mis] v пропускать;
скучать; упустить; обнаружить пропажу miss a
train опоздать на поезд
Mississippi [,misi'sipi] Миссисипи
mistake [mis'teik] n ошибка
misunderstand [,miSAnda
'staend] (misunderstood,
misunderstood) v неправильно понять
misunderstood
[,misAnda'stud] см. misunderstand
mix [miks] v мешать; перемешать; замешивать mix in
смешивать mixing bowl
['miksinbaul] миска для
замеса (теста)
moan [maun] v ныть
model [modi] n модель; образец
modern ['modn] а современный
modify ['modifai] v видоизменять
moment ['тэшпэм] п момент
Mona Lisa [,тэипэ 'li:za]
Мона Лиза
Monday ['mAndi] понедельник
money ['тлга] п деньги be out
of money быть без денег
Англо-русский словарь
489
mushroom ['тл}ш:т] п гриб
monitor ['monita] n староста
music ['mju:zik] n музыка pop
monkey ['mAnki] n обезьяна
music ['papmju:zik] попmonth [тлп9] п месяц
музыка
Montreal [,тэпт'э:1] Монреаль musician [mju:'zijn] n музыкант
monument ['monjumant] n
must [mAst] v должен
памятник mood [mu:d] n
my [mai] pron мой
настроение moon [mu:n] n
луна moonlight ['mu:nlait] n
N nail [neil] n
лунный свет moonlit ['mu:n,ht] гвоздь; ноготь name [neim] n
а залитый (освещенный) лунимя nap [naep] n короткий сон
ным светом more [тэ:] adv
днем narrow ['паегэи] а узкий
больше morning ['тэ:пгп] п
narrow-minded [,паегэи
утро mostly ['maustli] adv
'mamdid] а ограниченный
большей частью mother
['тлбэ] п мать motion [maujn] n nasty ['ncusti] а противный
nation ['neijon] n народ; страдвижение motionless
на; государство; нация
['maujntas] а недвижимый
National Gallery [,пае}пэ1
motor ['mauta] n мотор
'gaelan] Национальная галерея
motorcar ['mautakcu] n автоnative ['neitiv] n уроженец;
мобиль mountain ['mauntm] n
гора mountainous ['mauntmas] коренной житель; туземец
native ['neitiv] а родной native
a
language [Чаз^д wid3] родной
горный mouse [maus] (м н.
язык natural ['naetjaral] а естеч. mice)
ственный naturally ['naetjarali]
п мышь mouth [mauG] n рот
adv
move [mu:v] v двигаться;
естественно nature ['neitja] n
переезжать (на другую
природа near [тэ]ргер
квартиру) movie [*mu:vi] n
близко; около nearby
фильм, кинокартина much
[,ma'bai] adv поблизости
[mAtj] adv много muddy
['mAdi] а грязный murder
nearest ['niarist] а ближайший
['ma:da] n убийство;
nearly ['mail] adv почти
vубивать Murdstone
necessary ['nesisan] а необ['ma:dstan]
ходимый necessity td£'sesiti] n
Мердстон muscle [mAsl] n
нѐобхомускул museum [mjur'ziam] n
димость need [ni:d] n
музей
потребность; v нуждаться
490
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
needle ['ni:dl] n иголка
neighbour ['neiba] n сосед
neighbourhood ['neibahud] п
окрестность, местность in
the neighbourhood no
соседству
neither ['паюэ] ... nor [пэ:]...
ни... ни...
nephew ['nefju:, 'nevju:] n
племянник
nervous ['na:vas] n нервный
nest [nest] n гнездо
Netherlands
['ne6alandz]
Нидерланды
never ['neva] adv никогда
nevertheless [,neva6a'les] adv
тем не менее
new [nju:] а новый
New Orleans [,nju:a:'h:anz]
Новый Орлеан
news [nju:z] n новости the
latest ['leitist] news
последние известия
newspaper ['nju:s,peipa] n
газета
New York [,nju:'ja:k] НьюЙорк
next [nekst] а следующий;
next toprep рядом
Niagara Falls [nai,aegara
'fo:lz] Ниагарский водопад
nice [nais] а хороший;
приятный; симпатичный
niece [ni:s] n племянница
night [nait] n ночь
Nile [nail] Нил
nineteen [,nam'ti:n] пит девятнадцать
ninety ['namti] пит девяносто
nobody ['mubadilpron никто
noise [naiz] n шум
noiselessly ['naizlasli] adv
бесшумно
noisy ['naizi] а шумный none
[плп] ргоп никто nonsense
['nansans] и чепуха;
бессмыслица noon [nu:n] n
полдень normal ['normal] а
нормальный normally
['narmah] adv
обычно north [no:6] n север
northern ['пэ:бэп] а северный
North Sea [,no:6'si:] Северное
море north-western [, na
:6'westan]
а северо-западный nose
[nauz] n нос note [naut] n
записка notebook ['nautbuk] n
блокнот; записная книжка
nothing ['плвгп]ргоп ничто;
ничего notice ['nautis] n
объявление; предупреждение
notice ['nautis] v заметить
notice board ['nautis,bard] n
доска объявлений novel
['naval] n роман novelist
['navalist] n романист
November [nau'vemba, na'vemba] ноябрь now [nau] adv
теперь, сейчас; а, и вот; ну,
вот now that conj теперь,
когда nowadays ['nauadeiz]
adv ныне; теперь; сейчас; в
наше время; в наши дни; в
настоящее время nowhere
['nauwea] adv нигде nuclear
['nju:klia] а ядерный number
['плтЬэ] п номер; число
Англо-русский словарь
491
Old Curiosity Shop [,auld
,kjuan'asitijap] „Лавка
древностей" olive-coloured
[,ohv'kAlad] a
оливкового цвета Oliver
О oasis [au'eisis] n
оазис obedient [a'bi:diant] а по- Twist [,aliva'twist]
Оливер Твист omelette
слушный object ['abd3ikt] п
['amht] n омлет once [wAns]
предмет object [ab'd3ekt] v
adv (один) раз;
возражать objection
однажды
[ab'd3ekjn] n возражение
at once сейчас же, сразу
obliged [ab'laid3d] а обязан
obviously ['abviash] adv
one-legged [,wAn'legd] a
очевидно occasion [э'кетзп] п
случай occupation [,akju'pei|n] одноногий onion [4njan] n лук
репчатый; луковица only
n занятие occupy ['akjupai] v
['aunli] adv только; а
занимать ocean ['aujan] n
единственный open [aupn] v
океан October [ak'tauba]
открывать;
октябрь odd [ad] а странный,
а открытый opera ['эрга] п
необычный, эксцентричный,
чудной offend [a'fend] v
опера operate ['apareit] v
обидеть offer ['afa] v
действовать; оперировать
предлагать; п
operation [,apa'reijn] n опепредложение office ['afis] n
рация
учреждение;
go into operation пойти в
офис officer ['afisa] n
производство opinion
офицер office worker
[a'pmjan] n мнение
['afis,wa:ka] n
opportunity [,apa'tju:niti] n
служащий often ['afan] adv
случай; возможность opposite
часто oil [ail] n нефть; расти['apazit] prep напротив or [a:]
тельное масло OK [au'kei] n
conj или orange ['эгтдз] п
одобрение, разрешение,
апельсин order ['o:da] v
„добро" old [auld] а старый
приказывать; заказывать; п
older ['aulda] а старее,
приказ; заказ
старше oldest ['auldast] а
in order to для того чтобы out
старейший; самый старший
of order неисправный
ordinary ['a:dann] а обычный;
обыкновенный or else [a:r'els]
а то, или же organize
['a:ganaiz] v организовать
nurse [na:s] n няня nursery
['na:san] n детская nut [nAt] n
орех
492
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
original [э'п(1зтэ1] п оригинал; а подлинный
ornament ['этэтэт] п украшение; орнамент
other [Чбэ] а другой
otherwise
[46awaiz]
adv
иначе
ounce [auns] n унция
our [аиэ] pron наш
out of [aut av] из
outside [aut'said] adv снаружи; наружу
outstanding [aut'staendii}] a
выдающийся
over [auva] prep над be over
оканчиваться
overcoat f'auvakaut] n
пальто
overcrowded [,3uva'kraudid] а
переполненный
overhead [,3uva'hed] adv над
головой
overhear [.auva'hia] (overheard, overheard) v подслушать; случайно услышать
overheard [.auva'hard] см.
overhear
overseas [,3uva'si:z] adv за
морем; за океаном; за границей
oversleep [.auva'slirp] v проспать
overthrew [.auva'Gru:] см.
overthrow
overthrow
[,эиуэ'6гэи]
(overthrew, overthrown) v
свергнуть overthrown
[,эиуэ'6гэип] см.
overthrow overturn
[,эиуэЧэ:п] v перевернуть,
опрокинуть owe [эй] v быть
должным; задолжать; быть
обязанным
own [эип] а собственный; v
владеть owner ['эипэ] п
собственник, владелец owl
[aul] n сова ox [oks] (мн.ч.
oxen) n бык Oxford ['oksfad]
Оксфорд oxygen ['Dksid3an] n
кислород
Р
Pacific Ocean [pa.sifik'aupn]
Тихий океан
pack [paek] v упаковывать
page [peid3] n страница
paid [peid] см. pay
pain [pem] n боль
painful ['pemfal] а болезненный
paint [peint] v красить; писать
(картины)
painter ['pemto] n художник
painting ['pemtrn] n картина
pair [реэ] п пара
palace f'paelis] n дворец
pale [peil] а бледный
pale-lipped [,peil'lipt] а с
бледными губами
panoramic [.paena'raemik] a
панорамный
pants [paents] n брюки
(AmE)
paper [регрэ] п бумага; письменная работа; газета
parachute ['paerajiKt] n парашют
parcel [pa:sl] n посылка; пакет
pardon ['pa:dn] n: I beg your
pardon извините
parent ['реэгэт] п родитель
Paris ['paens] Париж
park [park] n парк; v парковать
Англо-русский словарь
493
pattern ['paetan] n образец;
parking lot ['pa:krn lot] стокопия Paul
янка; место стоянки
[рэ:1] Пол
parliament ['ра:1этэШ] п
pause [po:z] n пауза
парламент parrot ['paerat] n
pavement
['peivmant]
n
попугай part [pa:t] n часть;
тротуар
роль (в спектакле); место;
край leading ['lkdrn] part веду- pay [pei] (paid, paid) v платить
щая роль take part in
pay attention [a'tenfn]
принимать участие в
обращать внимание pay a
particular [pa'tikjuta] а осоbill [bil] оплатить счет
бенный; придирчивый in
pay a visit ['vizit] нанести
particular в особенности
визит
parting ['pa:trn] n пробор
pay rise [raiz] n повышение,
partner ['partna] n партнер
увеличение зарплаты
party ['pa:ti] n партия; веpeaceful ['pi:sfal] а мирный
черинка pass [pars] v
peacefully
['piisfali]
adv
проходить; проходить мимо
мирно; безмятежно
pass an examination
peach [pi:tj] n персик
[ig.zaemi'neijn] сдать экзамен
peak [pi:k] n пик, горная
passage ['paesid3] n проход
вершина
passenger ['paesmd33] n пасpeanut ['pi:tiAt] n земляной
сажир passerby [,pa:s3'bai] n
орех, арахис
прохожий passport ['pa:spo:t]
peasant [peznt] n крестьянин
n паспорт past [pa:st] adv
peculiar [pi'kjuiha] а особенмимо; prep
ный, особый, своеобразпосле path [pa:6] n тропинка;
ный
дорожка patience [peijns] n
терпение; спокойствие
pen [pen] n ручка (для письpatient [peijnt] а терпеливый;
ма)
спокойный; п больной,
pencil [pensll n карандаш
пациент patio ['раейэи] п
pension [penjn] n пенсия
внутренний дворик, патио
people [pi:pl] n люди; народ
(для отдыха в хорошую погоpepper ['рерэ] п перец
ДУ)
percent [pa'sent] n процент
percentage [pa:'sentid3] n
процентное отношение
perfect ['paifikt] а совершенный; превосходный
perfectionist [par'fekjanist] n
взыскательный человек;
494
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
человек, добивающийся во
всем совершенства
perfectly
['pg:fiktli]
adv
совершенно; превосходно;
безупречно
perform [pa'foim] v выполнять;
выступать (на сцене)
performance [pa'foimans] n
спектакль; выступление
perhaps [pg'haeps] adv возможно
period ['pisriad] n период
permission [pa'mijn] n разрешение
permit [pg'mit] v разрешать
Persians ['parjnz] персы
persist [pa'sist] v упорствовать
person [pa:sn] n персона;
лицо; человек
personal ['paisnal] а персональный; личный
pet [pet] n (любимое) домашнее животное
phenomena [fi'tomma] см.
phenomenon
phenomenon [fi'nominan] (мн.
Ч. phenomena) феномен
Philharmonic
[,fib'monik]
филармония
Philippines ['fihpimz] Филиппины
phone [faun] n телефон; v
звонить по телефону
phone box ['faun boks] n (BrE)
телефон-автомат;
телефонная будка
photo ['fsutau] n фотография
photograph ['fautagraif] n
фотоснимок; v фотографировать
phrase [freiz] n фраза; выражение; оборот physical
training [,fizikl' tremrn]
физическое воспитание
physicist ['fizisist] n физик
physics ['fiziks] n физика
piano [pj'aenau] n фортепиано
Piccadilly Circus [,pikadili
'saikas] площадь Пика-дилли
pick [pik] v рвать (цветы)
pick up подбирать; заезжать;
забирать; приобретать
(покупать) Pickwick Papers
[,pikwik 'peipoz] „Записки
Пиквик-ского клуба" picnic
['piknik] n пикник picture
['piktja] n картина picturesque
[.piktja'resk] a
живописный pie [pai] n пирог,
пирожок piece [pi:s] n кусок
pillow ['pilau] n подушка pilot
['pailat] n пилот, летчик;
лоцман pine [pain] n сосна
pineapple ['pamaepl] n ананас
pipe [paip] n труба; трубка
pitch-dark [,pitj'da:k] adv
очень темно (хоть глаз
выколи) pity ['pin] n: it's а
pity жаль pizza ['pi:tsa] n
пицца place [pleis] n место; v
помещать
take place иметь место;
состояться plain [plein] а
простой plan [plaen] n план; v
планировать plane [plem] n
самолет
Англо-русский словарь
planet ['plaenit] n планета plant
[pla:nt] n растение; завод; v
сажать (растения) plantation
[plaen'teijn] n
плантация planter ['pla:nta] n
плантатор plate [pleit] n
тарелка platform ['plaetfD:m]
n платформа; помост; возвышение play [plei] v играть; п
пьеса player ['pleia] n игрок
playground ['pleigraund] n
площадка для игр;
спортивная площадка
playwright ['pleirait] n драматург pleasant ['plezant] а
приятный please [pli:z] v
доставлять
удовольствие pleased [pli:zd]
а довольный pleasure ['р1езэ]
п удовольствие ploughboy
['plauboi] n пахарь plug in [
,р1лд'т] v включить
(в сеть) plum [pUm] n слива
plump [р1лтр] а полный рт
[,pi:'em] (post meridiem)
пополудни, at 3 рт в 3
часадня pneumatic
[nju:'maetik] a
пневматический
pneumonia [njui'maunia] n
пневмония pocket ['pokit] n
карман роет ['рэшт] п поэма;
стихотворение poet ['рэип] п
поэт
495
poetess [.paui'tes, 'pauitis] n
поэтесса poetry ['pauitn] n
поэзия point [point] n точка,
пункт; v указывать; навести he
was on the point of он как раз
собирался (сделать что-л.)
poison [poizn] n яд; v отравить
poisonous ['poiznas] а ядовитый Pole [paul] n поляк police
[pa'li:s] n полиция;
полицейские policeman
[pa'li:sman] n полисмен policy
['polisi] n политика polish
['pah}] v полировать;
шлифовать polka dot ['polka
dot] n узор в горошек (на
материи) polka-dot dress
платье в горошек pollution
[рэ'Ькрп] п загрязнение pond
[pond] n пруд pool [pu:l] n
плавательный бассейн;
небольшой пруд poor [риэ] а
бедный popular ['popjub] а
популярный porridge ['pond3]
n каша port [po:t] n порт
porter ['po:t3] n носильщик;
портье portion [po:}n] n
порция;
часть Portsmouth
['poitsmaG]
Портсмут possession
[pa'zejan] n владение;
обладание possibility
[.posi'biliti] n возможность
496
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
possible [pasabl] а возможный
post [paust] v отправлять по
почте postbox [paustbaks] n
почтовый ящик
postcard [paustka:d] n открытка
poster ['pausta] и плакат
postmark [paustma:k] v ставить почтовый штемпель
postman
['paustman]
n
почтальон
post office [paust.afis] n почтовое отделение
postpone [paust'paun] v откладывать
pot [pat] n горшок
potatoes [pa'teitauz] n картофель
potential [pa'tenjal] а потенциальный, возможный n
потенциал
pound [paund] n фунт pound
note [naut] n банкнота в
один фунт стерлингов
pour [pa:J v лить
pour in влить
poverty ['pavati] n бедность,
нищета
power [paua] n мощь; власть
power station ['paua,steijn] n
электростанция
practice ['praektis] n практика; работа на практике;
инструкция
practise ['praektis] v упражняться в игре (на фортепиано)
praise [preiz] v хвалить
precious ['pre/as] а драгоценный
prediction [pn'dikjn] n предсказание prefer [pn'fa:] v
предпочитать
prejudice
[*pred3udis]
v
предубеждать;
создавать
предвзятое мнение
preparations [,prepa'rei}nz] n
приготовления
prepare [рп'реэ] v приготовить
prescribe [pn'skraib] v прописать
presence ['prezans] n присутствие
present ['prezant] n подарок;
a: be present присутствовать
present [pri'zent] v вручать
presently ['preznth] adv сейчас
preserve [pn'za:v] v сохранять
president [prezidant] n президент
press [pres] v сжимать; прессовать; гладить; п пресса
(журналисты)
pressure ['preja] n давление;
напряжение
pretend [pri'tend] v притворяться
pretty ['priti] а хорошенький
adv довольно
prevent [pri'vent] v предотвращать; не давать;
помешать
previous ['pri:vias] а предыдущий
price [prais] n цена
prick [pnk] v уколоть
princess [,prm'ses] n принцесса
prison [pnzn] n тюрьма
Англо-русский словарь
private f'praivit] а личный;
частный
prize [praiz] n приз
probably [prababh] adv вероятно
problem ['prablam] n проблема; задача (в математике)
procedure
[pra'si:d3a]
n
процедура; правила; свод
процессуальных
норм
security procedures комплекс мер по обеспечению
безопасности
produce [pra'dju:s] v производить; создавать
product ['pradAkt] n продукт;
продукция
professional [pra'fejanal] а
профессиональный
professor [pra'fesa] n профессор
profit ['profit] n прибыль
programme ['praugraem] n
программа
progress ['praugras] n прогресс
prohibit [pra'hibit] v запрещать
promise ['pramis] v обещать;
n обещание
keep a promise сдержать
обещание
promising ['pramisirj] а многообещающий
prompt [prompt] v пробудить
(незамедлительно
что-н
сделать)
pronounce [pra'nauns] v произносить proper ['ргэрэ] а
правильный; надлежащий
property ['prapati] n собственность
497
proposal [pra'pauzl] n предложение protect [pra'tekt] v
охранять,
защищать proud [praud] а
гордый proudly ['praudli] adv
гордо prove [pru:v] и
доказывать proverb ['pravab]
n пословица provide [pra'vaid]
v давать;
обеспечивать PT [,pi:'ti:]
физическое воспитание public
[рлЫтк] п публика а
общественный public library
['laibrari] публичная
библиотека publish ['рлЬЬ}] v
публиковать pull [pul] v
тянуть pull down сносить
(пост ройку) pulse \p/ds] n
пульс pumpkin [рлтркт] п
тыква puncture ['pArjktja] v
протыкать; прокалывать
puncturing item ['aitam] колющий предмет punish
Грлш|] v наказывать pupil
[pju:pl] n ученик pure [pjua] а
чистейший; абсолютный;
полнейший E.g. pure
nonsense ['nansans]
абсолютная чепуха,
чистейший вздор purpose
['pa:pas] n цель, намерение
purposely [*pa:pasli] adv нарочно purse [pa:s] n кошелек
pursue [pa'sju:] v преследовать
498
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
put [put] (put, put) v класть; race [reis] n гонки run a race
ставить; положить; устано- бежать наперегонки rack
вить
[raek] n подставка, стойка
put off откладывать put on
(металлическая или
надевать put out гасить;
пластмассовая) для сигарет,
тушить
овощей, фруктов; полка
(свет, пожар) put up
radioactive [.reidiau'asktiv] a
надоумить; научить (сделать
радиоактивный radio set
что-л. плохое) put into place
['reidiau.set] n радиоприемник
поставить на место; вводить в radium ['reidiam] n радий
действие; осуществлять
raft [га:ft] n плот
pyramid ['piramid] n пираrage [rerd3] n ярость
мида
railway ['reilwei] n железная
Q quake [kweik] n
дорога
землетрясение quantity
railway station [steijn]
['kwontiti] n количество
вокзал
quarrel ['kworal] v ссориться;
rain [rein] n дождь it is
пссора quarter ['kwo:t3] n
raining идет дождь it is
четверть queen [kwi:n] n
raining cats and dogs льет
королева Queen of Spades
как из ведра
[,kwi:n av
raincoat
['remkaut] n плащ,
'speidz] Пиковая дама question
дождевик
['kwest/эп] n вопрос queue
[kju:] n очередь quick [kwik] а rainy ['reini] а дождливый
raise [reiz] v поднимать; выбыстрый quickly ['kwikli] adv
растить; воспитать (детей);
быстро quickness ['kwiknis] n
собирать
(благотвобыстрота quiet ['kwaiat] а
рительную помощь)
тихий; бесшумный;
raisin ['reizan] n изюминка
спокойный quiet (down)
raisins ['reizanz] n изюм
['daun] v
rang [rasrj] см. ring
успокоить(ся) (AmE) quieten
range [remd3] n радиус дей['kwaiatnj (down) v
ствия; v простираться;
успокоить(ся) (BrE) quietly
колебаться
['kwaiath] adv спокойно quite
rapidly ['reepidh] adv стре[kwait] adv совсем
мительно
rare [геэ] а редкий
R rabbit
rarely ['reali] adv редко
['raebit] n кролик
rat [rast] n крыса
rather ['га:бэ]: I'd rather я
бы лучше; adv довольно
ray [rei] n луч
Англо-русский словарь
reach [ri:t|] v достичь
reaction [п'гек/п] п реакция
read [ri:d] (read, read) v читать
ready ['redi] adv готов
ready-made [,redi'meid] a
готовый (напр. готовое
платье)
real [пэ1] а реальный; настоящий
realstic [ria'hstik] а реалистичный
realize ['nalaiz] и понять;
реализовать; выполнить
really ['risli] adv действительно; в самом деле
reason [ri:zn] n причина; разум
receive [n*si:v] v получать (письма, деньги); принимать
(гостей, посетителей)
recently ['ri:sntli] adv недавно, в последнее время
recipe ['resipi] n рецепт (кулинарный)
recite [n'sait] v читать ( наизусть), декламировать
reckless ['reklas] а неосторожный; безрассудный
reckless driving ['drarvrrj]
неосторожная езда с нарушением правил уличного
движения
recognize [Yekagnaiz] v узнавать
recollect [.reka'lekt] v вспомнить
recommend [.reka'mend] v
рекомендовать
record [n'kord] v записывать
record book [Vekadbuk] n
дневник
recover [n'lows] v поправляться (после болезни)
499
red [red] а красный
reduce [n'dju:s] v сокращать;
сбавить
reflect [n'flekt] v отражать
reflection [n'flekjn] n отражение
refrigerate [n'fnd33reit] v
замораживать
refrigerator [n'fndsareita] n
холодильник
refuse [n'fju:z] v отказываться
regard [n'ga:d] v считать;
рассматривать; относиться
regardingprep.
относительно
regret [n'gret] v сожалеть
regular ['regjula] а регулярный; правильный
regularly ['regjubh] adv регулярно
rehearsal [n'harsl] n репетиция
dress rehearsal генеральная
репетиция
rejoice [n'd33is] v радоваться
relation [n'lei jn] n родственник
relative [Velativ] n родственник (AmE)
relax [n'laeks] v отдыхать
release [n'li:s] v высвобождать (вылиться — о чернилах)
reliable [n'laiabl] а надежный
(в работе, эксплуатации)
relief [n'li:f] n облегчение;
помощь relieve [n'li:v] v
облегчать relive [,ri:'liv] v
оживить в
памяти rely [n'lai] v
полагаться
500
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
remain [ri'mem] v оставаться
remark [n'ma:k] v замечать;
делать замечание (относительно) remarkable
[n'ma.kabl] а
замечательный remember
[ri'memba] v помнить;
вспоминать remind [n'maind] v
напоминать remove [ri'murv] v
убирать remove shoes [ju:z]
снимать обувь Renaissance
[n'neisans, ,rena'sa:ns] n
Возрождение renew [n'nju:] v
обновлять rent [rent] n рента,
плата за квартиру
rent collector [ka'lekta]
сборщик платы за квартиру
repair [п'реэ] v чинить; ремонтировать repairman
[п'реэтэп] п
мастер repay [n'pei] v
выплатить
(долг) repeat [n'pi:t] v
повторять reply [n'plai] v
отвечать; п
ответ report [n'po:t] v рапортовать; сообщать; п рапорт;
доклад reporter [п'рэ:тэ] п
репортер represent [,repn'zent] v
представлять; быть представителем reproach [n'prautj] v
упрекать request [n'kwest] n
просьба require [n'kwaia] v
требовать; нуждаться в
reserve [ri'zarv] v забронировать resistance [n'zistans] n сопротивление resort [n'zo:t] n
курорт; излюбленное место v
посещать; бывать
resound [n'zaund] v звучать;
раздаваться
respect [n'spekt] v уважать
respectable
[n'spektabl]
a
респектабельный
responsibility [n,sponsa'biliti] n
ответственность
rest [rest] v отдыхать; п отдых
rest [rest] n: the rest of
остальные; остальное;
остаток
restaurant ['restaront, 'restarant, 'restararnt] n ресторан
result [n'zAlt] n результат
resume [n'zju:m] v возобновлять; резюмировать; делать
заключение
retell [n'tel] (retold, retold) v
пересказывать
retina ['retina] n сетчатка
retinal ['retinal] scan сканированное
изображение
сетчатки (глаза)
retire [n'Jaia] v выйти в отставку; удалиться от дел
retired [n'taiad] а отставной;
на пенсии
retold [n'tauld] см. retell
return [n'ta:n] v возвращаться)
n возвращение
reveal [n'vi:l] v вскрывать;
разоблачать; обнаружить
Англо-русский словарь
rewind [,ri'wamd] (rewound,
rewound) v перемотать
(пленку)
rewrite [,ri:'rait] (rewrote,
rewritten) v переписать
rewritten [,ri:'ntn] см. rewrite
rewrote [,ri:'raut] см. rewrite
rich [nt|] а богатый
richness ['ntjnis] n богатство
rid [rid] n: get rid of избавиться от
ridden ['ridn] см. ride
ride [raid] (rode, ridden) v
ехать; ехать верхом
right [rait] а правый; правильный; nправо right now
сейчас, в данный момент
(AmE)
ring [nrj] n кольцо
ring [nrj] (rang, rung) v звонить
ring up звонить по телефону
ripple [npl] v покрываться
рябью
rise [raiz] (rose, risen) v подниматься
risen [nzn] см. rise
risk [risk] n риск take a risk
рисковать
Ritz Hotel [,nts hau'tel] отель
Ритц
river ['nva] n река
riverside ['nvasaid] n берег
реки
road [raud] n дорога
rob [rab] v грабить
robber ['roba] n разбойник,
грабитель, вор robbery
['roban] n ограбление Roberta
[rau'ba:ta] Роберта
501
Robinson Crusoe [.robmsn
*kru:sau] Робинзон Крузо
Rochester ['rotfista] Рочес-тер
rock [rok] n скала
rocket ['rokit] n ракета
rock'n'roll [.rokan'raul] n рокн-ролл
rode [raud] см. ride
Roger
Ackroyd
[,rod3a
'eekroid] Роджер Экройд
roll [raul] v катиться
Rome [raum] Рим
roof [ru.f] n крыша
room [ru:m] n комната
rope [raup] n веревка
rose [rauz] n роза
rose [rauz] см. rise
rot [rot] v гнить; портить;
разлагаться (об обществе,
стране)
rotten ['rotn] а прогнивший;
испорченный
rough [ГАГ] а грубый; неотесанный; бурный (оморе)
round [raund] а круглый; adv
вокруг
rub [глЬ] v тереть
rude [ru:d] а грубый (невежливый)
ruins ['ru:mz] n руины, развалины
rule [ru:l] n правило
run [глп] (ran, run) v бежать
run off убежать, сбежать to be
on smb's daily run быть в
бегах, заниматься
повседневными делами rung
[глг)] см. ring Russia ['гл|э]
Россия Russian [гл|п]
русский; по-русски
502
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
saucepan ['sorspeen] n каст
S sad [seed] а
рюля sausage ['sosid3] n
печальный safe [seif] n сейф
колбаса save [seiv] v спасать
safely ['seifli] adv безопасно, в Savoy [sa'voi] ресторан в отебезопасности said [sed] см.
ле Савой saw [so:] см. see say
say sail [seil] n парус; v пла[sei] (said, said) v говорить,
вать sailor ['seib] n моряк
сказать scald [sko:ld] v
salad ['seetad] n салат salary
ошпарить scale [skeil] n
['seebn] n зарплата,
масштаб;
жалованье, оклад sale [seil] n
scales весы scan [skaen] n
продажа be on sale быть на
сканированное изображение v
распродаже по сниженным
обследовать; просматривать;
ценам salt [so:lt] n соль same
сканировать scarcely ['skeasli]
[seim] а тот же самый;
adv едва scarf [ska:f] n шарф
такой же sanatorium
scatter ['skeeta] v разбрасывать
[,S£em't3:ri3m] n
scene [si:n] n сцена scenery
санаторий sand [seend] n
['siinsn] n пейзаж;
песок sandwich ['seenwidg] n
декорации (на сцене)
бутерброд sandy ['seendi] а
scholarship ['skob/rp] n стипесчаный San Francisco [,sa?n
пендия school [sku:l] n школа
fren'sisschoolboy ['skurlboi] n
кэи] Сан-Франциско sang
школьник schoolgirl
[seen] см. sing sanitary
['sku:lga:l] n
['ssenitsn] а санитарный sank
школьница schoolmistress
[seenk] см. sink Sarie ['sean]
['sku:lmistns]
Сэри Sartorius [sa:'to:rias]
n учительница science ['saians]
Сартоn наука computer science
риус sat[seet]c.w. sit
информатика; вычислительная
satisfactory [.SEetis'fektan] a
техника; программирование
удовлетворительный
scientific board [saian.tifik
satisfied ['sastisfaid] а удо'bo:d] ученый совет scientist
влетворен(ный) satisfy
['saiantist] n ученый scissors
['ssetisfai] v удовлетворять
['sizaz] n ножницы scold
Saturday ['sastadi] суббота
[skauld] v ругать,
бранить score [sko:] n счет (в
игре)
Англо-русский словарь
Scotland ['skotland] Шотландия
scream [skn:m] n вопль; визг;
пронзительный крик screen
[skrkn] v проверять screening
проверка screw [skra:] n винт
scrutiny ['skru:tmi] n тщательное рассмотрение
(изучение)
under smb's scrutiny под чьимл. наблюдением sea [si:] n
море search [sa:t|] v
обыскивать;
искать; п поиски Sears Tower
[.siaz'taua] башня Сиарз(443
м) seaside ['si:said] n побережье season [si:zn] n сезон;
время
года seat [si:t] n место;
сиденье;
местоположение second
['sekand] пит второй secrecy
['si:knsi] n секретность secret
['si:krit] n секрет secretary
['sekritn] n секретарь section
[sekjn] n секция; отдел
security [si'kjuanti] n безопасность see [si:] (saw, seen)
v видеть
see off провожать seed [si:d] n
зерно; семечко seem [si:m] v
казаться seen [si:n] см. see
seize [si:z] v схватить seldom
['seldam] adv редко
503
sell [sel] (sold, sold) v продавать send [send] (sent, sent) v
посылать senior ['si:nia] а
старший sense [sens] n
чувство; ощущение; смысл
common sense здравый
смысл talk sense говорить
дело sent [sent] см. send
separate ['separeit] v отделять
September [sap'tembs] сентябрь
serfdom ['s3:fd3m] n крепостная зависимость, крепостное право series ['siaruz] n
серия; ряд;
цикл serious ['sianas] а
серьезный seriously ['sisriasli]
adv серьезно servant ['s3:vant]
n слуга serve [sa:v] v служить;
подавать (еду на стол) session
[sejn] n сессия set [set] n
набор; комплект;
многотомник - train set
['tremsat] игрушечная модель
железной дороги set [set] (set,
set) v ставить; устанавливать;
садиться (о солнце) set sail
отплыть set the table накрывать
на стол set in установиться
(о
погоде)
set
off
отправиться; привести в
действие, сработать (о
сигнализации)
504
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
set out отправиться. settle
[setl] v урегулировать;
осесть; обосноваться
seventeen [,sevn'ti:n] пит
семнадцать seventy ['sevnti]
пит семьдесят several
['sevaral] а несколько severe
[si'via] а суровый;
свирепый sew [sau] (sewed,
sewn) v
шить sewn [saun] см. sew
shade [jeid] n тень shadow
[jeedau] n тень shake [jeik]
(shook, shaken)
v трясти(сь)
shake someone's hand пожать
чью-либо руку shaken [Jeikn]
см. shake Shakespeare
['Jeikspia]
Шекспир shame [Jeim] n
стыд; позор share [Jea] v
делить (что-л.
с кем-л.) shark [ a:k] n акула
sharp [ а:р] а острый shave
[Jeiv] v бриться sheep [Ji:p]
(мн.ч. sheep) n
овца shelf [jelf] nполка shell
[jel] n скорлупа; снаряд;
ракушка Shelley [jeli] Шелли
shelter ['Jelta] n кров shepherd
['Jepad] n пастух Shetland
Islands [Jetland
'ailandz] Шетландские
острова shilling I'/ilrtj] n
шиллинг shine [Jam] (shone,
shone)
v светить ship [Jip] n
корабль shirt [p:t] n
рубашка
T-shirt [4i:Ja:t] футболка
shiver Г Jiva] v дрожать shock
[Jok] v потрясать; шокировать; n шок; удар;
потрясение shoe []u:] n
туфля; ботинок;
подкова; v подковать shone
[|эп] см. shine shook [Juk] см.
shake shoot [ju:t] (shot, shot) v
стрелять; застрелить shoot a
film снимать фильм shop
[}эр] п магазин; v делать
покупки go shopping ходить
за покупками shopping centre
['senta] торговый центр shop
assistant ['Jopa.sistant] n
продавец shoplifting
['JopliftiT]] n воровство с
прилавка(и в магазине) shore
[Jo:] n берег (моря,
большого озера) short [Jo:t] а
короткий shot [Jot] см. shoot
shoulder ['Jaulda] n плечо
shout rfaut] v кричать show
[Jau] (showed, shown) v
показывать; п шоу TV game
show ['geim Jau]
теле(визионная) игра show in
провести shower [jaua] n душ;
ливень shown [Jaun] см. show
shrink [Jrirjk] v садиться,
сесть (о материи, ткани) shut
[JAt] (shut, shut) v закрывать
shy [Jai] а застенчивый Siberia
[sai'biana] Сибирь
Англо-русский словарь
sick [sik] а больной side [said] n
сторона; бок sideboard
['saidbo:d] n сервант sight [salt]
n зрение; вид;
зрелище sightseeing ['sait,si:iT]]
n осмотр достопримечательностей sign [sam] n знак;
признак;
вывеска; v подписать signal
['signal] n сигнал signature
['signatja] n подпись Signora
Grassini [si,njo:ra gra'smi]
синьора Грассини Sikes [saiks]
Сайке silence ['sailans] n
тишина silent ['sailant] а
молчаливый; безмолвный silk
[silk] n шелк silly ['sili] а
глупый simple [simpl] а
простой simply ['simpli] adv
просто since [sins] prep с sing
[sit]] (sang, sung) v петь singer
['sirja] n певец single ['sirjgl] а
один; единственный sink [smk]
(sank, sunk) v погружаться;
тонуть; п раковина (на кухне; в
ванной комнате) sir [sa:] n сэр
siren ['sairan] n сирена; гудок
sit [sit] (sat, sat) v сидеть
sitting room ['sitirjrum] n
гостиная situated ['sitjueitid] а
расположенный) situation
[.sitju'eijn] n ситуация;
положение sixpence
['sikspans] n шесть пенсов
505
sixteen [,siks'ti:n] пит шестнадцать sixty ['siksti] пит
шестьдесят size [saiz] n размер;
величина skate [skeit] v
кататься на
коньках skateboard ['skeitbo:d]
n скейт (роликовая доска)
skates [skeits] n коньки
Sketches by Boz [.sketjiz
bai'boz] Очерки Боза ski [ski:] v
кататься на лыжах skilful
['skilful] а искусный skill [skil]
n искусство; сноровка;
умение; навык skin [skin] n
кожа; шкура skirt [ska:t] n
юбка sky [skai] n небо skydeck
['skaidek] обзорная,
смотровая площадка skydiving
['skai.darvrn] n парашютный
спорт skyscraper ['skai,skreipa]
n
небоскреб sleep [sli:p] (slept,
slept) v
спать sleepy ['sli:pi] а сонный
slept [slept] см. sleep slice
[slais] v нарезать ломтиками
slid [slid] см. slide slide [slaid]
(slid, slid) v
скользить slight [slait] а
легкий, едва
заметный slip [slip] v
поскользнуться;
соскользнуть slippery ['slipan]
а скользкий slot [slot] n щель;
прорезь; отверстие
506
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
put money in the slot
mashine [mo'Jirn] опускать
деньги в автомат slow [stau]
а медленный slowly ['slouli]
adv медленно slums [sUmz] n
трущобы small [smo:l] а
маленький smart [smart] a
красивый;
умный; смышленый smell
[smel] v нюхать; пахнуть;
чувствовать запах smile
[smail] v улыбаться smoke
[smouk] v курить;
дымиться; п дым snack bar
['snaskba:] n закусочная,
буфет snail [sneil] n улитка
snake [sneik] n змея snap
[sneep] v щелкнуть зубами
snore [sno:] v храпеть snow
[snou] n снег snowballs
['snsuboilz] n
снежки snowdrift ['snsu,drift]
n сугроб snowstorm
['snousto:m] n метель so [sou]
conj так; итак; поэтому; и
soap [soup] n мыло sob [sob] v
всхлипывать society [so'saioti]
n общество sock [sok] n носок
sofa ['soufo] n диван soft [soft]
а мягкий soften [sofn] v
смягчать softly ['softli] adv
мягко;
осторожно sold [sould] см.
sell soldier ['sould3o] n солдат
solution [so'lu: jn] n решение
solve [solv] v решить
some [SAHI] pron некоторое
количество; какие-нибудь;
какой-нибудь
someone ['sAmwAn]prorc ктото; кто-нибудь
something ['sAm6irj] pron
кое-что; что-нибудь; что-то
sometimes ['sAmtaimz] adv
иногда
Sommerville ['somovil] Соммервил
son [SAII] n сын
song [son] n песня
soon [sum] adv вскоре
sore [so:] а больной; болезненный (который болит)
sorrow ['sorou] n печаль
sorry ['son] a: be sorry сожалеть
sort [so:t] n сорт; v сортировать
sound [saund] n звук
soup [su:p] n суп
sour [sauo] а кислый
south [sau6] n юг
Southampton
[sau'fiasmtn]
Саутгемптон
southern ['sAdon] а южный
space [speis] n пространство;
космос; место
spaceman ['speismon] n космонавт, астронавт
Spain [spein] Испания
Spanish ['speenij] испанский,
по-испански
spare [speo] v уделять (что-л.
кому-л.);
а
лишний;
свободный; незанятый
sparkling ['spa:klrrj] a блестящий; искрящийся
spartan ['spa:tn] a спартанский
Англо-русский словарь
speak [spi:k] (spoke, spoken)
v говорить; разговаривать
speak highly of smb хвалить;
хорошо отзываться о комлибо speaker ['spi:ko] n
оратор special ['spejol] а
особый;
специальный specialist
['spejolist] n специалист
specially ['spejoli] adv особенно; специально specific
[spo'sifik] а определенный; - to
характерно для speech [spi:tj]
n речь be speachless ['spi:tjlos]
лишиться дара речи speed
[spud] n скорость; v мчаться,
проноситься speeding
['spi:drrj] n превышение
допустимой скорости spelling
['spelm] n правописание spend
[spend] (spent, spent) v
проводить (время); тратить
(деньги) spent [spent] см.
spend spider ['spaido] n паук
spill [spil] v пролить; просыпать spite [span] n злоба,
злость
in spite of несмотря на
splendid ['splendid] а блестящий; отличный; роскошный; богатый; величественный spoil [spoil] v
испортить spoke [spouk] см.
speak spoken [spaukn] см.
speak spoon [spu:n] n ложка
sport [spo:t] n спорт
507
spot [spot] n пятно; место;
v обнаруживать sprain [sprem]
v растянуть spread [spred]
(spread, spread) v
распространять spring [sprit]] n
весна square [skweo] n
квадрат; площадь; а
квадратный Sri Lanka
[sn'lsenka] Шри-Ланка stadium
['steidism] n стадион stage
[steid3] n сцена; v ставить (на
сцене) stairs [steoz] n
ступеньки;
лестница stall [sto:l] n киоск;
лоток stamp [stamp] n марка;
печать stand [stand] (stood,
stood) v стоять; терпеть; выносить star [sta:] n звезда stare
[steo] v пристально
смотреть; уставиться start
[sta:t] v начинать; отправляться; заводиться (о
машине, двигателе) starve
[sta:v] v страдать от голода
I'm starving я ужасно
проголодался state [steit] n
состояние; государство
station ['steifan] n станция
statue ['stffitju:] n статуя stay
[stei] v оставаться; находиться; пребывать; п
пребывание steal [sti:l] (stole,
stolen)
v воровать, красть steel [sti:l]
n сталь stenography
[sto'nogrofi] n стенография
508
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
step [step] n шаг; ступенька; v
шагнуть; наступить
stepfather ['stepfa:6a] n отчим
stereo ['steriau, 'stiana] n стерео
personal stereo аудиоплеер
sternly ['sta:nli] adv строго
stethoscope ['ste6askaup] n
стетоскоп
stewardess ['stju:adis] n стюардесса
stick [stik] n палка; v воткнуть; приклеить
sticker ['stika] n наклейка;
этикетка
still [stil] adv тихо; все еще;
тем не менее
stir [sta:] v шевелиться; шуметь
stocking ['stokiT]] n чулок
stole [staul] см. steal
stolen ['staulan] см. steal
stomach ['sumak] n живот;
желудок
stomachache
['sUmakeik]
боль в животе (болит живот)
stomach trouble [плЫ] боль в
животе (болит живот)
stone [staun] n камень
stood [stud] см. stand
stop [stop] v останавливаться;
nостановка
store [sto:] n склад; магазин
storm [sto:m] n буря
stormy ['sto:mi] а бурный
story ['sto:n] n рассказ
stout [staut] а полный
stove [stauv] n печь
St. Petersburg [snt'pi:tazba:g]
Санкт-Петербург
straight [streit] а прямой;
advпрямо
Strait(s) of Gibraltar [,streit
av d3i'bro:lta] Гибралтарский пролив
strange [stremd3] а странный
stranger ['stremd3a] n незнакомец; нездешний
Stratford-upon-Avon
[,strastfad apon'eivan] Стрэтфорд-на-Эйвоне
strawberry ['stro:ban] n клубника
stream [stri:m] n поток; ручей
street [stri:t] n улица
strength [stren6] n сила
stretch [stretj] v растягивать;
протягивать
strict [stnkt] а строгий
strike [straik] (struck, struck)
v ударять
strike [straik] n забастовка
striped [straipt] а полосатый,
в полоску
strong [stroT]] а сильный
struck [strAk] см. strike
student ['stju:dant] n студент
study ['stAdi] v изучать;
учиться; п кабинет
stuffy ['sUfi] а душный
stupid ['stju:pid] а глупый,
тупой
style [stall] n стиль the latest
style самая последняя мода
subject ['sAbd3ikt] n тема,
предмет; а подлежащий
suburbs ['sAba:bz] n пригороды, предместья
subway ['sAbwei] n подземный переход; метро
Англо-русский словарь
succeed [sak'skd] v преуспеть
successful
[sak'sesfal]
a
успешный
successfully [sak'sesfah] adv
успешно
such [sAtfjprem такой
suddenly ['sAdnli] adv вдруг
Suez ['su:iz] Суэц
suffer ['sAfa] v страдать
sugar ['Juga] n сахар
sugarcane ['jugakem] n сахарный тростник
suggest [sa'dgest] v предлагать
suit [su:t, sju:t] v подходить;
годиться; устраивать; п
костюм
suitcase ['su:tkeis, 'sju:tkeis] n
чемодан
sum [SAITI] n сумма
summer ['влтэ] п лето
summerhouse ['sAmahaus] n
беседка
sun [SAII] n солнце
sunbath ['sAnba:6] n солнечная ванна
Sunday ['sAtidi] воскресенье
sung [SAT]] см. sing
sunglasses ['sAn,gla:siz] n защитные очки от солнца
sunk [sAT]k] см. sink
sunlight ['sAnlait] n солнечный свет
sunny ['sAtu] а солнечный
sunrise ['sAtiraiz] n восход
солнца
sunset ['sAnset] n закат солнца
sunshine ['sAnJam] n солнечный свет sun-tanned
['sAnteend] а загорелый
supermarket ['su:pa,ma:kit,
'sju:pa,ma:kit] n универ-
509
сам, большой магазин самообслуживания
Supersound ['su:pa,saund] n
плеер с отличным звучанием
superstitious [,su:pa'sti|as] a
суеверный
supper ['sApa] n ужин
suppose [sa'pauz] v предполагать
supposing [sa'pauznj] conj
если
sure [Jua] а уверенный;
убежденный; adv конечно
surely Pjuah] adv конечно
surface ['sarfis] n поверхность
surprise [sa'praiz] n удивление; сюрприз
surprised [sa'praizd] а удивленный
surround [sa'raund] v окружать
surroundings [sa'raundirjz] n
окружение,
местность,
окрестности
suspect [sa'spekt] v подозревать
suspension bridge [sa'spenjn
bnd3] n подвесной мост
survive [sa'vaiv] n выжить,
уцелеть; остаться в живых
swallow ['swolau] n ласточка;
v проглотить
swam [sweem] см. swim
Swan Lake [.swon'leik] Лебединое озеро
sweater ['sweta] n свитер
Sweden ['swi:dn] Швеция
Swedish ['swi:di|] шведский;
по-шведски
sweep [swi:p] (swept, swept) v
мести; подметать
510
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
sweep away уносить, сносить, сметать
sweet [swi:t] а сладкий
swept [swept] см. sweep
swim [swim] (swam, swum) v
плавать
swimming pool ['swimiT]pu:l]
n плавательный бассейн
swine [swam] n свинья
Swiss [swis] n швейцарец,
швейцарка; а швейцарский
switch off ['switj'of] v выключить
switch on ['switj'on] v включить
Switzerland
['switsaland]
Швейцария
swum [swAm] см. swim
symphony ['simfani] n симфония
system ['sistim] n система;
сеть
systematically [.sisti'meetikh]
adv систематически
T table [teibl] n стол
bedside table прикроватный
столик tablet ['teeblit] n
таблетка tail [teil] n хвост take
[teik] (took, taken) v брать,
взять; отводить; требоваться
take a look взгянуть; посмотреть take medicine
принимать
лекарство take opportunity
[,эрэ'Ци:пШ] воспользоваться случаем
take part принимать участие; взять чью-л. сторону
take a photo (a photograph)
фотографировать, снимать
take a test сдавать зачет
(экзамен) take a train поехать
поездом take off снимать tale
[teil] n сказка; рассказ talent
['teebnt] n талант talented
['taslantid] а талантливый talk
[to:k] v разговаривать,
болтать tall [to:l] а высокий
tame [teim] v укрощать;
приручать; а ручной tape
[teip] n пленка tape recorder
['teipn.koida]
п магнитофон tape recording
['teipn.kotdnj] n
магнитофонная запись task
[ta:sk] n задача; задание tasty
['teisti] а вкусный taught [to:t]
см. teach taxi ['teeksi] n такси
tea [ti:] n чай
make tea заваривать чай teach
[ti:t|] (taught, taught) v учить;
преподавать teach right [rait]
from wrong [roTj] учить отличать хорошее от плохого
teacher ['ti:t/a] n учитель
teacup [Чкклр] п чайная
чашка team [ti:m] n команда
teapot ['ti.pot] n чайник tear
[tea] (tore, torn) v рвать tears
[tiaz] n слезы
Англо-русский словарь
tea things ['ti: ,6ITJZ] n чайная
посуда teen [ti:n] n подросток
teeth [ti:6] см. tooth telegram
['teligreem] n телеграмма
telegraph ['teligra:f] n телеграф
telephone ['telifaun] n телефон
tell [tel] (told, told) v говорить;
рассказывать teller ['tebr] n
кассир (в банке) tellevision
['tehvigsn] n телевидение;
телевизор television set
[teh'vi3n set] n
телевизор temperature
['tempratfs] n температура I am
running a temperature у меня
(повышенная) температура
tenement ['tenamant] многоквартирный дом tennis ['tenis]
n теннис tense [tens] n время
(грамматическая категория)
tent [tent] n навес; палатка
term [ta:m] n семестр terrace
['teras] n терраса terrible
['terabl] а ужасный terrorism
['teranzam] n терроризм
terrorist ['teranst] n террорист(ка); а террористический
test [test] v проверять; п проверка; испытание; зачет text
[tekst] n текст textbook
['tekstbuk] n учебник
511
Thackeray ['Geekarai] Теккерей Thailand ['taileend]
Таиланд Thames [temz] Темза
than [багп] conj чем thank
[6агт]к] v благодарить thankful
['0ал]к£э1] а благодарный that
[6sei]pron это; conj что;
который that's how ['eeets'hau]
вот как that's why ['deets'wai]
поэтому thaw [Go:] v таять
theatre ['Giata] n театр theft
[0eft] п кража their [без] ргеш
их them [dem]pron их; им then
[беп] adv тогда, потом theory
fBian] n теория there [без] adv
там; туда therefore ['6eafo:] adv
поэтому thick [6ik] а толстый;
густой thief [0i:f] n вор thin
[6in] а тонкий; жидкий thing
[6rrj] п вещь think [6irjk]
(thought,
thought) v думать third
[6a:d] пит третий; п
треть thirst [6a:st] n жажда
thirsty ['63:sti] а жаждущий
(хочет пить) thirteen [,6э:'п:п]
пит тринадцать thirty ['6э:п]
пит тридцать thorough ['9лгэ]
а тщательный;
основательный thoroughly
['блгэи] adv тщательно;
основательно though [бэи]
adv хотя thought [6o:t] см.
think
512
Англо-русский словарь
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
thoughtful ['6o:tfol] а задумчивый; внимательный
thousand ["Gauzond] n тысяча
thread [0red] n нитка thread a
needle ['ni:dl] вдеть нитку в
иголку threepence ['Grepons]
n три
пенса threw [6га:] см. throw
thrill [Gnl] v. be thrilled быть
в восторге; трепетать от
восторга throat [Grout] n
горло through [Gra:] prep
через; сквозь
be through with закончить
throughout [Gru:'aut] adv повсюду, везде; насквозь throw
[Grou] (threw, thrown)
vбросать
throw one's head back запрокидывать голову thrown
[бгэип] см. throw thump
[блтр] v ударять (ся); бить(ся)
с глухим шумом thunder
['GAndo] n гром
thunderstorm ['6Andosto:m]
пгроза Thursday ['6o:zdi]
четверг tick [tik] v тикать (о
часах) ticket ['tikit] n билет
tide [taid] n прилив, отлив tidy
up ftaidi'Ap] v убирать;
приводить в порядок tie [tai] n
галстук; v привязать tiger
['taiga] n тигр tight [tait] а
тесный; плотный; жесткий;
строгий; усиленный tighten
['taitn] v сжимать; закреплять;
затягивать
tightly ['taith] adv тесно;
плотно; крепко
till [til] prep до; conj пока;
пока не
time [taim] n время; раз
timetable ['taim,teibl] n расписание
tip [tip] n совет
tired [taiod] а усталый
title ['taitl] n титул; название
today [to'dei] adv сегодня
together [to'ge6o] adv вместе
told [tould] см. tell
Tom Canty [,tomTranti] Том
Кенти
Tom Sawyer [,tom'so:jo] Том
Сойер
tomato [to'mcctou] n помидор
tomorrow [to'morou] adv
завтра
tongue [tATj] n язык
tonight [to'nait] adv сегодня
вечером
too [tu:] adv также; слишком
took [tuk] см. take
tooth [tu:G] (мн. Ч. teeth) n
зуб
toothache ['tu:6eik] n зубная
боль
top [top] n вершина; верхушка; а наивысший; самый высокий
tore [to:] см. tear
torn [to:n] см. tear
torn [to:n] а рваный
tornado [to:'neidou] n смерч,
торнадо
tortoise ['to:tos] n черепаха
touch [tAtj] v трогать; дотрагиваться; n прикосновение
tough [IAI] а трудный; суровый; тяжелый
tour [too] n тур; поездка
tourist ['tuonst] n турист
towards [to'wo:dz] prep no
направлению к
tower ['tauo] n башня; v возвышаться
town [taun] n город
toy [toi] n игрушка toy
weapon ['wepon] игрушечное оружие
trade [treid] n торговля
Trafalgar Square [tro.feelgo
'skweo]
Трафальгарская
площадь
traffic ['trafik] n уличное
движение
tragedy [4rad3odi] n трагедия
train [trein] n поезд
train [trein] v тренировать
traitor [Чгейэ] п предатель
tram [tram] n трамвай
tramp [tramp] n поход
translate [trans'leit] v переводить
translation [trans'leijn] n перевод
translator [trans'leito] n переводчик
trap [trap] n ловушка, западня
travel [travl] v путешествовать; ездить; летать
traveller ['travlo] n путешественник
treat [tri:t] v лечить; угощать
treatment ['tri:tmont] n лечение
treaty ['tri:ti] n договор
tree [tri:] n дерево
tremble [trembl] v дрожать
trial ['traiol] n суд
trifle [traifl] n мелочь, пустяк
17 Ю.Голицынский
513
trigger ['tngo] v спровоцировать, вызвать trip [trip] n
поездка business ['biznis] trip
деловая поездка, командировка trolleybus ['trolibAs] n
троллейбус tropics ['tropiks] n
тропики Trotwood ['trotwud]
Тротвуд trouble [trAbl] n
беда, неприятность; v
беспокоить (ся),
затруднять(ся) trousers
['trauzoz] n брюки truck [гглк]
п грузовик true [tru:] а
верный; правильный;
правдивый trust [trAst] n
доверие; трест;
vдоверять truth [tru:G] n
правда try [trai] v пытаться;
пробовать
try on примерять tsunami
[tsu:'na:mi:] n цунами
(приливная волна) Tuesday
['tju:zdi] вторник tuna ['tju:no,
'tu:no] n голубой тунец
turkey ['to:ki] n индейка turn
[to:n] n поворот; очередь;
vповорачивать turn down
уменьшить
(приглушить) звук turn
into превращаться в turn off
выключать turn on включать
turn out оказаться turning
['to:nrrj] п поворот TV set
[ti:'vi:set] n телевизор twenty
['twenti] пит двадцать twice
[twais] adv дважды twist
[twist] v скручивать
514
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
type [taip] n тип; v печатать
на машинке
typist ['taipist] n машинистка
tyre [taia] n шина
U
UFO ['jir.fau, ju:ef 'эй] НЛО
(неопознанный летающий
объект)
Ukraine [ju:'krein] Украина
umbrella [лт'ЬгеЬ] га зонт
unable [An'etbl] а неспособный
unbutton [,лп'Ьл1п] v расстегнуть
uncle ['лт]к1] п дядя
unconscious [лп'кэп/эБ] а без
сознания; несознающий
under [4nd3] prep под
underground ['Andsgraund] а
подземный
understand
[.Atida'steend]
(understood, understood)
vпонимать
understanding
[.Anda'steendiT]] n взаимопонимание
understood [.Anda'stud] см.
understand
underwater [Anda'woita] adv
под водой; а подводный
unemployed [.Aium'pbid] a
безработный
unfamiliar [.Anfa'miha] а незнакомый
unfit [,AiTfit] а нездоровый;
плохо себя чувствующий be
unfit быть не в форме
unfortunate [An'foitjanit] а
неудачливый; невезучий
unfortunately
[Wfoitjanitli]
adv к сожалению
unhappy [Ati'heepi] а несчастный
uniform ['ju:nifo:m] га форма
(одежды)
unimaginable
[,Ani'm£ed3in3bl] а невообразимый
unit of soldiers t'ju:nit
3v'ssuld33z] отряд
(подразделение) солдат
United Kingdom of Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland [ju:,naitid.kiT]d3m
sv.greit'britn эгк1,пэ:бэп 'aialand] Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и
Северной Ирландии
United States of America
[ju:.naitid .steits av э'тепкэ]
Соединенные
Штаты
Америки
university [,ju:nr'vs:siti] n
университет
unknown [.лп'пэип] а неизвестный
unlock [лп'Ьк] v отпирать
unload [An'laud] v разгружать
unnecessary [An'nesasan] а не
являющийся необходимым;
без надобности; излишний
unnoticeable [Ati'nautisabl] a
незаметный; незамеченный
unpack [лп'рагк] v распаковывать
unpleasant [An'pleznt] а неприятный
Англо-русский словарь
unpredictable [.Anpn'diktabi]
а не могущий быть предсказанным
until [An'til] prep до тех пор
пока
unusual [An'ju:3ual] а необычный
unwell [Ati'wel] a: feel unwell
плохо себя чувствовать
update [Ap'deit] v вносить
(информацию); внести изменения и дополнения;п
информация с изменениями и дополнениями the
latest
update
самая
последняя
точная
информация
upper ['лрэ] а верхний
upset [Ap'set] (upset, upset) v
переворачивать;
расстраивать
upset [Ap'set] а расстроенный
upstairs [,Ap'steaz] adv наверх (no лестнице); наверху
Urals ['juaralz] Урал
urgent ['a:d33nt] а срочный
us [AS]pron нас; нам
use [ju:z] v использовать;
пользоваться used ['ju:st]
to say бывало говорил
use [ju:s] n польза no use
['nau'ju:s] бесполезно
What's the use? ['wots
6a'ju:s] Какой толк?
useful ['ju:sfal] а полезный
useless ['jursbs] а бесполезный
usually ['ju:3U3k] adv обычно
515
utmost [Vtmaust] а крайний;
предельный utter [Vta] v
произнести
V
vacation [va'keijn] n каникулы
valid [Valid] а действительный; имеющий силу; действующий
valley [Vasli] n долина
van [veen] n автофургон
various [Veanas] а различный
vary [Vean] v меняться; изменяться
vase [va:z] n ваза
vegetable ['ved3tabl] ra овощ
vegetarian [,ved3i'te3ri3n] n
вегетарианец
vehicle [Vi:ikl] n автотранспортное средство; машина
vending machine ['vendit)
m3,|i:n] n торговый автомат
veranda [va'raenda] га веранда
very [Veri] adv очень
vessel [Vesal] n судно; сосуд
vicinity [vi'smiti] n окрестность
victim [Viktim] n жертва
video cassette [,vidiau ka'set] n
видеокассета
video
cassette
recorder
[n'ko:da] (VCR [,vi:si:'a:]) n
видеомагнитофон
view [vju:] га вид
village ['vihd3] n деревня
villager [Vili^a] n деревенский житель
violin [vaia'lm] га скрипка
516
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
violinist [,vaio'lmist] n скрипач
visa [Vi:zo] n виза
visit ['vizit] n визит; v посетить
vocabulary [vo'keebjulon] n
словарь
voice [vois] n голос
volcanic [vol'keenik] а вулканический
volcano [vol'kemou] n вулкан
volleyball [Volibo:l] n волейбол
W
wait [weit] v ждать
waiter ['weito] n официант
waitress ['weitns] n официантка
wake up ['weik4p] (woke up,
woken up) v будить; просыпаться
Wales [weilz] Уэльс
walk [wo:k] v ходить пешком;
n прогулка walk away
уходить, уйти go for a walk
ходить на прогулку
Walkman
['workman]
n
аудиоплеер
wall [wo:l] n стена
Walter Scott [,wo:lto'skot]
Вальтер Скотт
waltz [wo:ls] n вальс
wander ['wondo] v бродить
want [wont] v хотеть
war [wo:] n война
warm [worm] а теплый; v согревать
warmly ['wo:mli] adv тепло
warn [wo:n] v предупреждать
was [wozl см. be
wash [woj] v мыть; стирать
wash off отмыть; отстирать
washing machine [mo'Ji:n]
стиральная машина
Washington ['wojrqton] Вашингтон
washstand
['wojsteend]
n
умывальник
waste [weist] v напрасно
тратить
watch [wotj] n часы; v наблюдать; следить watch TV
смотреть телевизор
water ['wo:to] n вода; v поливать
wave [weiv] n волна; v махать
way [wei] n путь; способ way
out выход
weak [wi:k] а слабый
weakly ['wi:kk] adv слабо
wealth [wel6] n богатство;
материальные ценности
weapon ['wepon] n оружие
wear [weo] (wore, worn) v
носить (одежду) wear off
сноситься; пройти;
изгладиться
weary ['wion] а утомленный
weather ['we6o] n погода
wedding ['wedin] n свадьба
wedding cake свадебный
торт
Wednesday ['wenzdi] среда
week [wi:k] n неделя
weekend [,wi:k'end, 'whkend] n
конец недели; выходные
дни, уик-энд
weight [weit] n вес
Англо-русский словарь
welcome ['welkom] а желанный well [wel] n колодец; а
здоровый; adv хорошо; int ну
well-known [,wel'noun] а известный went [went] см. go
were [wo:] см. be west [west] n
запад western ['weston] а
западный wet [wet] а мокрый,
влажный what [wotjprem что;
какой wheel [wi:l] n колесо
when [wen] adv когда where
[weo] adv где; куда whether
['we6o] conj ли which [witj]
pron который while [wail]
conj пока (в то время как); п
небольшой промежуток
времени whisper ['wispo] n
шепот; v
шептать white [wait] а белый
white coffee кофе с молоком
whitewash ['waitwoj] v белить
whole [houl] а весь; целый
whose [hu:z] pron чей wicker
['wiko] n прутья (для
плетения); а плетеный wide
[waid] а широкий widow
['widou] n вдова Widowers'
Houses [,widouoz 'hauziz]
„Дома вдовцов" (пьеса Б.
Шоу) wife [waif] n жена wild
[waild] а дикий William Henry
Davies [,wiljom,henn 'deivis]
Вильям Генри Дейвис
517
win [win] (won, won) v выигрывать, одерживать победу
wind [wind] n ветер
wind up ['wamdVp] (wound
up, wound up) v заводить (
часы )
window ['wmdou] n окно
French window балконная
дверь
windowsill ['wmdou,sil] n
подоконник
wine [wain] n вино
winter ['wmto] n зима
wire [waio] n проволока;
провод
wise [waiz] а мудрый; умный;
благоразумный
wish [wij] n желание; v желать
with [wi6] prep с
withered ['wi6od] а увядший
within [wid'm] prep внутри; в
пределах
without [wi6'aut] prep без
witness ['witnis] v видеть;
быть свидетелем
witty ['win] а остроумный
woke up ['wouk4p] см. wake
up
woken up ['woukn'Ap] см.
wake up
wolf [wulf] n волк
woman ['wumon] (мн. ч.
women) n женщина
women ['wimm] см. woman
won [wAn] см. win
wonder ['wAndo] v интересоваться; удивляться I wonder
хотел бы знать, интересно
wondetful ['wAndofol] а чудесный, замечательный;
518
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
удивительный;
изумительный
wood [wud] n лес; дерево
wool [wu:l] n шерсть
word [ws:d] n слово
wore [wo:] см. wear
work [ws:k] n работа; произведение; vработать
worker ['works] n рабочий;
работник
world [world] n мир out of the
world потрясающий
world-famous t,w3:ld'feim3s] а
всемирно известный
worldwide [rw3:ld'waid] a
всемирный; adv во всем
мире
worn [wo:n] см. wear
worry ['WATI] v беспокоиться,
волноваться
worse [ws:s] adv хуже
worth [w3:0] а стоящий (чегол.)
Worthing [Чга:бт] Уординг
would like [wud'laik] хотел бы
wound up ['waund4p] см. wind
up
wound [wu:nd] n рана
wounded ['wurndid] а раненый
wreck [rek] v губить
wrist [nst] n запястье
write [rait] (wrote, written) v
писать
writer ['raits] n писатель
writing desk ['raitnjdesk] n
письменный стол
written ['ntn] см. write
written ['ntn] pp письменный
wrong [гот]] а неправый; неправильный
There was something wrong
with his car. Что-то с его
машиной было не в
порядке.
Is there anything wrong?
Что-нибудь
случилось
(произошло)?
Y
yard [ja:d] n двор
yawn [jo:n] v зевать yawn
someone's head off отчаянно
зевать
yeah [jes] да
year [jis] n год
yellow f'jelau] а желтый
yesterday ['jestadi] adv вчера
you [ju:] pron ты; вы
young [JAT]] а молодой
younger Йлвдэ] а моложе;
младший
youngest ['JATjgsst] а самый
молодой, самый младший
your [jo:] pron твой; ваш
Z
zipper ['zips] n (застежка)
молния zoo [zu:] n
зоопарк
РУССКО-АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ
A
август August Австралия
Australia автобус bus
автограф autograph автор
author адрес address
аккуратный careful А.
Кристи A. Christie актер
actor активный active
актовый зал assembly hall
Алиса Alice Америка
America американский
American английский English
Англия England апрель April
аптека chemist's арестовать
arrest артист actor артистка
actress архитектор architect
астрономия astronomy
Африка Africa аэропорт
airport
Б
бабушка grandmother Байрон
Byron баронесса baroness
бегать run бегун runner
бедные the poor без without
бежать run Белое море White
Sea Беовульф Beowulf
берег (реки) bank (моря,
озера)shore
беспокоиться worry
беспокойство worry, trouble
бесценный priceless
бесчисленный countless
библиотека library
библиотекарь librarian
билет ticket
бить beat
благодарен thankful, grateful
благодарить thank
благоприятный favourable
близко near
близорукий shortsighted
богатый rich
бокс boxing
болезнь illness
болен ill
больница hospital
больной patient, ill
больше bigger, larger
больше не any longer
большой big, large
борьба wrestling
босс boss
бояться be afraid
брат brother
брать take
брать взаймы borrow
брать (книги из библиотеки)
borrow (books from the
library)
бриллиант diamond
Британия Britain
Британские острова British
Isles
бросить throw
520
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
бросить курить
. give up smoking бросить
университет leave the
university
будущий future
бумага paper
буря storm
бутерброд sandwich
бывало used to
бык ox
быстро quickly, fast
быть be
В
вагон-ресторан dining car
важный important
ваза vase
вальс waltz
Вальтер Скотт Walter Scott
вам you
вас you
ваш your
вбежать run in(to)
ввести lead in, bring in
вдоль along
вдруг suddenly
вежливый polite
везде everywhere
везение luck не везти have
bad luck везти have good
luck
век century
великий great
велосипед bicycle
верить believe
вернуть(ся) return, go back
вес weight
весело merrily, gaily
веселье fun
весна spring
весной in spring
вести lead; act
весь all
ветер wind
вечер evening вечеринка
party вечером in the evening
вещь thing вздрогнуть
shudder вздыхать sigh
взобраться climb up
взрослый grown-up взятка
bribe взять take
взять взаймы borrow взять
(книги из библиотеки)
borrow (books from
the library) взять (на
работу) hire вид view;
sight; kind
при виде at the sight of
видеомагнитофон video
recorder видеть see виза
visa включить turn on, switch
on; include вкусный tasty
Владивосток Vladivostok
влезть get in, crawl in
влияние influence
оказать влияние influence
вместе together
вмешиваться interfere
He вмешивайся не в свое
дело! Mind your business!
вниз down, downstairs
внимание attention
внимательно attentively
внимательный attentive
внуки grandchildren вовремя
in time вовсе at all вода water
водная гладь water's surface
водить машину drive
Русско-английский словарь
водитель driver
водопроводчик plumber
возвращать(ся) return
воздух air на открытом
воздухе in the open air; out
of doors
возражать contradict; object
возраст age
Войнич Voynich
войти go in, come in
вокзал railway station
вокруг around
Волга Volga
волейбол volleyball
волосы hair
вопрос question
вор burglar
восемнадцать eighteen
восемьдесят eighty
воскресенье Sunday
воспитывать bring up
воспользоваться use
восхищаться admire
Вот она! Here she is!
врач doctor
время time какое-то время
for quite a while
все all, everybody
всегда always
всѐ everything Всѐ в
порядке! Everything is all
right!
всѐ ещѐ still
вспоминать remember,
recall
вставать stand up; get up
встретить meet
встречать(ся) meet; come
across
всякий anyone
вторник Tuesday
входить go in, come in, enter
521
вчера yesterday выглядеть
look выдающийся
outstanding выиграть win
выйти go out
выйти из трамвая get off the
tram вылечить cure вымыть
wash выносить
(выдерживать)
bear выпасть: выпадет
снег it
will snow выпить
drink выполнять fulfil,
do выпрыгнуть jump
out вырастать grow
выронить drop
высокий tall; high
высоко high выставка
exhibition выучить learn
выход exit; way out
выходить go out
выходные weekends
газета newspaper
Гарвард Harvard
Гаррис Harris где
where
где-нибудь somewhere где-то
somewhere герой hero герой
литературного произведения character герцог
duke Гете Goethe гид guide
гитара guitar глаз eye
глупый silly гнездо nest
говорить speak; say
\
522
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
говорить неправду Не
.год year
голодный hungry
голос voice
гораздо much
гордиться be proud
горизонт horizon
город town; city
гостеприимный hospitable
гостиная drawing room
гостиница hotel
государственный state
готов ready
готовить prepare
готовиться get ready
градус (температуры) degree
грамматика grammar
граница border за
границу abroad
графиня countess
гриб mushroom
громко loudly
грубить be rude
грубо rudely
грузовик lorry
группа group
груша pear
грязный dirty
гулять walk
густой thick
д
давай(те) let us дать
знать let know
давать give
давно long ago; for a long time
даже even
далекий far, distant
Дальний Восток Far East
дарить give
дача country house на даче in
the country
на дачу to the country с
дачи from the country
двадцать twenty
дважды twice
двенадцать twelve
дверь door
двигаться (делать зарядку)
take exercise
движение motion; movement
движение (уличное) traffic
двор yard
дворец palace
двоюродная сестра cousin
двоюродный брат cousin
девушка girl
девяносто ninety
девятнадцать nineteen
дедушка grandfather
действительно really
декабрь December
делать do, make делать уроки
do one's homework
делегация delegation
день day
день рождения birthday
деньги money
деревня village
дерево tree
Державин Derzhavin
держать hold; keep
дети children
детство childhood
Джейн Jane
Джек Лондон Jack London
Джером Jerome
Джим Jim
Джон John
Джордж George
диван sofa
Диккенс Dickens
диктант dictation
Русско-английский словарь
директор (школы)
headmaster дирижер
conductor длинный long для
for днем in the daytime; in the
afternoon Днепр Dnieper до
until до сих пор so far; up to
now до того, как before
добиться успеха achieve
success добраться get
(to) добрый kind
довольно enough
довольный pleased
доехать get дождаться
wait till дождь rain
идет дождь it is raining
дозвониться кому-либо get
through доклад report
доктор doctor долговая
тюрьма debtors'
prison
должен must
должным образом properly
дом house дома at home
домашнее задание
homework домой
home дорога road
дорогой expensive
дорожка path
доска(классная)
blackboard достигать reach;
achieve
достопримечательности
sights; places of interest
дотронуться touch
523
дочь daughter
дразнить tease
драться fight
древний ancient
дрожать tremble
друг friend другой
other
на другой день the next day
дружный friendly думать
think дуть blow Дэвид
Копперфильд David
Copperfield
дядя uncle
E
Европа Europe его
his; him
еда (прием пищи) meal еѐ her
ездить go; ride
ей her
елка f irtree, Christmas tree
ему him если if есть eat ехать
go; ride ещѐ still ещѐ не not
yet
жалкий miserable
жаловаться complain
жаль: мне жаль I am sorry
жаркий hot
ждать wait ждать с
нетерпением ответа от look
forward to hearing from
желание wish, desire
жена wife
женат married
жениться marry
524
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
женщина woman жестоко
cruelly жив(ой) alive быть
живым (в живых) be alive
животное animal жизнь life
жить live журнал magazine
журналист journalist
3
за behind за город to the
country за городом in the
country за границей abroad
заблудиться lose one's way
заболеть fall ill
забор fence
забывать forget
завернуть turn
зависеть depend
завод plant; factory
завтра tomorrow
завтрак breakfast
завтракать have breakfast
загадка mystery
заговорить speak; start
speaking
задавать вопросы ask
questions
задача task; problem
задержать hold up
зазвонить ring
закат солнца sunset
закон law
закончить(ся) finish
закрывать close
закрыт closed
зал hall
заметить notice
замечательный
remarkable
занавеска curtain
заниматься study
занятие occupation
занятие (урок) lesson занят
busy занять occupy
занять первое место take the
first place записать write down
записка note заплатить pay
заранее beforehand зарядка
morning exercises заседание
meeting; sitting засидеться sit
up late заснуть fall asleep
заставлять make застать find
затруднительный difficult
заучивать learn заходить:
к кому-либо call on
куда-либо call at
за кем-либо call for
Заходите! Come in!
заходить (о солнце) set
звать call звезда star звонить
по телефону ring
up; telephone; call
звонок bell здание
building здесь here
здоров (не болен) well
здоровый healthy
здоровье health зеленый
green земля ground
зеркало mirror зима
winter знаменитый
famous знать know зонт
umbrella зоопарк zoo зуб
tooth
Русско-английский словарь
зубная боль toothache
зубной врач dentist
И
играть play
играть в азартные игры
gamble
игрушка toy
идти go; walk
избегать avoid
известный well-known
извинить excuse
извиниться apologize
издавать publish
из-за because of
изменения changes
изменяться change
измерить measure
изобретение invention
изучать study
изучение learning; studying
им them
иметь обыкновение used to
имитировать imitate
имя name
Индия India
инженер engineer
иностранный foreign
институт institute
интерес interest
интересный interesting
интересовать interest
интересоваться be interested
(in)
искать look for
искусный skilful
искусство art
испанский Spanish
испечь bake
исполнять perform
использовать use
испортить ruin
испортиться spoil
исправлять repair
525
исправлять ошибку correct a
mistake исторический
historical история (наука)
history история (рассказ)
story исчезать disappear
Италия Italy итальянский
Italian их their; them июль
July июнь June
К
кабинет study
кабинет врача doctor's
reception room
каждый every
как how
как раз just
как только as soon as
камешек stone
камин fireplace
канал canal
каникулы holidays; vacation
капитан captain
карандаш pencil
карман pocket
картина picture, painting
картинная галерея picture
gallery
карточка card проездная
карточка travel card
картошка potatoes
карты cards
касаться touch
касса: на вокзале booking
office в театре box office в
магазине cash desk
кататься на коньках skate
кататься на лыжах ski
катиться roll
526
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
каток skating rink
Катя Kate
кафе cafe
Кембридж Cambridge
Киев Kiev
кино cinema
кинозвезда film(movie) star
кинотеатр cinema
Китай China
класс classroom
классический classical
клетка cage
ключ key
книга book
ковер carpet
когда when
когда-нибудь some time; ever
кое-какие some
колбаса sausage
коллега colleague;
workmate
кольцо ring
команда team
командовать give orders
комната room
композитор composer
компьютер computer
компьютерные игры
computer games
конец end в конце концов
finally
конечно of course; certainly
контрольная работа test,
paper
консультант consultant
конференция conference
конфета sweet
концерт concert
кончать finish
коньки skates
корабль ship
коридор corridor
кормить feed
король king
короткий short
коснуться touch
костер fire
развести костер make
afire кость bone
кофе coffee
кошелек purse
кошка cat
красивый fine; beautiful
красота beauty кресло
armchair кричать shout
кровать bed кровяное
давление blood
pressure круглый
round кружиться
circle Крым Crimea
кто who
кто-нибудь somebody
кто-то somebody кубок
cup куда where кукла doll
купаться bathe купе
compartment купить buy
курить smoke курсы
courses; classes кусок
piece кухня kitchen
Л лаборатория
laboratory лгать lie; tell lies
Лев Толстой Lev Tolstoy
легкий easy; light
легкомысленный
light-minded лед
ice лежать lie
Русско-английский словарь
лекарство medicine
лектор lecturer лекция
lecture ленивый lazy лес
wood, forest лестница
staircase лететь fly лето
summer летом in summer
летчик pilot лечь lie
down
лечь спать go to bed
лимон lemon лимонад
lemonade лист (дерева)
leaf лист(книги)page
литература literature
лицо face ловить catch
ловить рыбу fish лодка
boat ложиться lie down
ложиться спать go to bed
ложка spoon ломать(ся) break
Лондон London лорд lord
лото lotto лошадь horse
лужайка lawn лучше better
лучший best лысеть go bald
львица lioness любимый
favourite любить love; like;
enjoy любоваться admire
люди people
M магазин shop
магнитофон tape recorder май
May маленький little; small
527
мальчик boy
мало little
март March
масло butter
масса (очень много) a lot
математика mathematics
матч match
мать mother
машина machine; car
машинистка typist
мебель furniture
медведь bear
медленно slowly
мел chalk
менеджер manager
меня me
Мери Mary
мерседес Mercedes
место place
место назначения destination
месяц month
механик mechanic
мечтать dream
мешать prevent; be in the way,
disturb
микроволновая печь microwave oven
мимо past
министр minister
минута minute
мир peace; world
мисс Бетси Miss Betsy
миссис Рид Mrs. Reed
мишка teddy bear
мнете
много many; much
мог could не мог не coldn't
help
могу can
может can не может не can't
help
можешь can
можно may
528
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
мои ту
мододой young
молодость youth
молоко milk молоток
hammer момент moment
монолог monologue
монолог Гамлета Hamlet's
soliloquy море sea
мороженое ice cream моряк
sailor Москва Moscow
Московский университет
Moscow University мост
bridge муж husband мужчина
man музей museum музыка
music музыкальный
инструмент
musical instrument
музыкант musician
мультфильм cartoon
мысль thought; idea
мыть wash
мыть посуду wash the dishes
мышь mouse мясо meat
H
наблюдать watch
навестить visit над
over; above
надевать put on
надеяться hope
назад back; ago
час назад an hour ago
называть call наизусть by
heart найти find наказывать
punish наконец at last
налить pour
нам us
нанять hire
напевать sing; hum
напечатать print
написать write
направление direction по
направлению к in the
direction of
направо to the right
например for example, for
instance
нарисовать draw
наркоделец drug dealer
наркотик drug, narcotic
народ people
нарочно on purpose
нарушать (закон) break (the
law)
нас us
наслаждаться enjoy
настаивать insist
наступать set in
научить teach
находить find
начинать(ся) begin
Haui our
небо sky
Нева Neva
невежливый impolite
невиновен innocent
невнимательно inattentively
Невский проспект Nevsky
Prospect
неделя week
немецкий German
немного a little
ненавидеть hate
неправ: ты неправ you are
wrong
неприятность trouble
несколько a few, several
нести carry
Русско-английский словарь
неудачник loser
нигде nowhere
никогда never
Николай Nicholas
никто nobody
никуда nowhere
ничего nothing
Новгород Novgorod
новый new
нога leg; foot
номер number
нормальный normal
носить carry
носить (одежду, очки) wear
носки socks
ночь night
ночью at night
ноябрь November
нравиться like
нужный needed; necessary
Ныв Йорк New York
О
о about оба both обвинять
accuse обед dinner обедать
have dinner обезьяна monkey
обещание promise обещать
promise облако cloud
обмануть deceive, cheat
обратить внимание pay
attention обратиться к
врачу consult
the doctor обратно back
обращаться treat обсуждать
discuss обсуждение discussion
обучать teach; instruct
объяснить explain обычно
usually
529
обязанность duty
овладеть (знаниями) master
овощ vegetable
ограбить rob
огромный huge
одеваться dress
один alone
одиннадцать eleven
одноклассник classmate
одобрять approve
ожидать (ждать) wait
ожидать
(рассчитывать
на)expect
озеро lake
оказывать влияние influence
окно window
около near
окончить finish
Оксфорд Стрит
Oxford
Street
октябрь October
опасный dangerous
опера opera
опоздать be late опоздать на
поезд miss a train
опыт experiment; experience
опять again
орех nut
оригинал original
оркестр orchestra
осень autumn
осенью in autumn
осмотреть examine
особенно especially
оставаться remain, stay, go
on being (продолжать быть)
оставить leave
останавливать(ся) stop
остановка stop
530
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
осторожный careful
остров island
ответ answer
отвечать answer
отвозить take
отдать give
отдохнуть rest
отдых rest
отдыхать rest
отец father
отказаться refuse
отказаться от чего-л give up
откладывать postpone; put off
открывать open
открывать (делать открытие)
discover
открытие discovery
отличный excellent
отложить postpone; put off
отметка mark
отплывать sail off
отправить send
отправляться start
отпустить let go (walk)
отрицать deny
отход поезда departure
офис office
охотно gladly
оценить appreciate
оценка mark
очень very
очки glasses
ошибка mistake
П
падать fall пальто coat
памятник monument
Париж Paris парк park
парта desk
пастушка shepherdess
певица singer
педагог pedagogue; teacher
первый first перевести
translate перевод translation
переводить translate перед
before; in front of перед тем,
как before передумать change
one's
mind; to think better of it
переехать move перейти cross
переменить(ся) change
переодеваться change
переписать copy, rewrite
переплывать swim across
перепрыгнуть jump over
перепутать mix up перестать
stop, give up переходить cross
перечитать reread песня song
песок sand петух cock петь
sing печатать type печь oven
пешком on foot пианино piano
пианистка pianist пиво beer
пикник picnic пирог pie
пирожное fancy cake писатель
writer писать write писать
(картины) paint письмо letter
пить drink плавательный
бассейн
swimming pool плавать
swim; sail плакать cry
платок handkerchief
платформа platform
Русско-английский словарь
платье dress
племянник nephew
пленник prisoner
плита gas cooker (stove AraE)
плохо badly
плохой bad
плыть swim; sail
пляж beach
по-английски (in) English
побежать run; start running
поблагодарить thank
побледнеть turn pale
побывать visit
поведение conduct; behaviour
повезло: им повезло they
were lucky
повернуть turn
повесить hang
повидать see
повсюду everywhere
повторить repeat
поговорить speak
погода weather
подарок present
подбежать run up
подвезти give a lift
поднять lift; raise поднять
голову look up поднять
шум make noise
подождать wait
подозревать suspect
подозрительно suspiciously
подойти go up; come up; walk
up; approach
подоконник windowsill
подорвать damage
подстригаться have one's hair
cut
подстричь cut
подумать think
подходить go up; come up;
walk up; approach
531
поезд train
поездка trip
поесть eat
поехать go
пожалуйста please
пожелать wish
пожениться get married
позаботиться take care of
позавтракать have breakfast
позавчера the day before
yesterday
позвать call
позволить allow
позвонить (по телефону) ring
up; telephone; call
поздно late
поздравить congratulate
позже later
познакомить introduce
познакомиться get acquainted; meet
поиграть play
поискать look for
по-испански (in) Spanish
поймать catch
пойти go
пойти гулять go for a walk
пока till; until; while
показание evidence
показать show
покрыт covered
покупать buy
пол floor
полагать believe
полдень noon
поле field
полететь fly
полить (цветы) water
политика politics
полицейский policeman,
police officer
полиция police
полка shelf
532
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
полмесяца half a month
полночь midnight
полный full
половина half
положение situation; position
положить put; place
получать get; receive
получать удовольствие от
enjoy
полчаса half an hour
пользоваться use
помешать prevent
помнить remember
помогать help
понедельник Monday
по-немецки (in) German
понимать understand
поплыть swim; start swimming
поправиться (после болезни)
recover
поправлять repair; fix
попросить ask
поработать work
пораньше earlier
порвать tear
порт port
портрет portrait
портфель bag
по-русски (in) Russian
посадить (растение) plant
посадить в тюрьму put into
prison
посередине in the middle
посещать attend
поскользнуться slip
после after
последний last
последовать follow
последовать совету follow
smb's advice
послушать listen
посмеяться laugh
посмотреть look
посмотреть
телевизор
watch TV
посоветовать advise
посоветоваться с consult
поспешить hurry
поссориться quarrel
поставить put поставить
оценку give a
mark поставить спектакль
stage a performance
постель: в постели in bed
постоянно constantly
построить build
поступать (в учебное заведение) enter; (в спортивную
секцию) join
постучать knock
посуда crockery
посылать send
потерять lose
потом then
потому что because
поторопиться hurry
поужинать have supper
по-французски (in) French
похвалить praise
поход tramp, hike
похожий alike, like
почему why
почерк handwriting
починить repair
почта post office
почувствовать(себя)feel
поэма poem
поэт poet
поэтесса poetess
поэтому that's why, therefore
прав: ты прав you are right
правда truth; to be true
правило rule
правописание spelling
Русско-английский словарь
предать betray
предлагать offer
предложение sentence
предмет subject
предполагать suppose;
intend
предпочитать prefer
председатель chairman
представлять (кого-л. комул.) introduce
предупреждать warn
предупреждение warning
прекрасный fine; beautiful,
excellent, splendid
прекратить stop
пренебречь neglect
преподаватель teacher
прерывать interrupt
преступление crime
приближаться approach
прибывать arrive
привезти bring
привести bring
приводить bring
приглашать invite
приготовить prepare
приготовления preparations
приехать come
прижимать press
признать admit
прийти come прийти в голову
occur
приказывать order
прилежный diligent
примерять try on
принадлежать belong (to)
принести bring
принимать (лекарство) take
(medicine) принимать
решение make
a decision принимать
участие take part
533
приносить bring
принц prince
природа nature
присутствовать be present
присылать send
притворяться pretend
приходить come; visit; arrive
причинять cause
приятно pleasant
проблема problem
провалиться на экзамене fail
проверять check up
провести spend
проветривать air
проводить spend проводить
(показать дорогу) show;
take
программа programme
учебная программа curriculum
программист programmer
прогрессивный progressive
продавать sell
продавщица shopassistant
продолжать
continue; go
on;keep on
продукты foodstuffs
проект project
проиграть lose
произведение work
производить
впечатление
make (produce) impression;
impress
произношение
pronunciation
пройти walk; pass; go
пропускать miss
просмотреть look through
простить forgive
простудиться catch(a)cold
просыпаться wake up
534
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
просьба request
профессионал professional
профессор professor
прохладный cool прохожий
passerby прочесть read
прошлый last; past пруд pond;
pool прыгать jump птица bird
путешествие journey
путешествовать travel путь
way
по пути on the way
Пушкин Pushkin
пытаться try пьеса play
пятнадцать fifteen
пятница Friday пятьдесят
fifty
P
работа work;job
работать work
рабочий worker
рабочий день working day
рад glad радио radio
по радио over the radio
радостно gladly радость joy
раз time
разбить break; smash развести
костер make a fire разгадать
guess; solve разговаривать
speak; talk
разговаривать по телефону
speak on the phone разговор
conversation разгружать
unload раздумать think better
of it разный different
разработать work out
разрешать allow
район district
рак cancer
рак легких lung cancer рано
early
рано или поздно sooner or
later раньше earlier; before
расположен situated
распрягать unharness рассвет
dawn рассердиться get angry
рассказ story рассказывать
tell рассмеяться burst out
laugh ing; burst into laughter
расстраивать upset
расстелить spread
рассчитывать count; expect
расти (о ценах) increase
Рахманинов Rakhmaninov
ребенок child регулярно
regularly редко seldom
результат result река river
ремонтировать repair, fix Рен
Wren
репетировать rehearse речь
speech
решение decision; solution
решить decide; solve Рим
Rome римляне Romans
рисовать draw Роберт Берне
Robert Burns родина
motherland родитель parent
родиться be born родной:
родная страна
native country
родной город hometown
роман novel Рональд Ronald
рот mouth
Русско-английский словарь
Рочестер Rochester
рояль piano
ругать scold
рука hand; arm
Русский музей Russian
Museum
ручка pen рыба
fish
рынок
market
С
с since
с тех пор, как заболел since
illness сад garden
садиться (о солнце) set
самолет plane СанктПетербург St. Petersburg
сахар sugar сбегать (вниз) run
down сварить cook сведения
information свет light светлый
light свистеть whistle
свободен free связи с
общественностью
public relations сдавать:
экзамен take an
exam
работу hand in a paper сдать
экзамен pass an exam
(a test) сделать do; make
север north сегодня today
сегодня вечером tonight
сегодняшний today's седеть
go grey сейчас now
сейчас же at once
секрет secret секретарь
secretary
535
секунда second
семнадцать seventeen
семьдесят seventy семья
family сентябрь
September сердиться be
angry сердце heart
серьезный serious сестра
sister сесть sit down
сесть (о солнце) set
сигарета cigarette сидеть sit
сидеть (не ложиться спать)
sit up сила strength; force
сильный strong ситуация
situation сказать say сказка
fairy tale скамейка bench
сколько how many; how
much скоро soon скорость
speed скрипка violin скучный
dull, boring следить watch
следовать советам follow
smb's advice следующий
next слеза tear слива plum
слишком too словарь
dictionary слово word сломать
break случаться happen; be
wrong слушать listen слышать
hear смелый brave смешной
funny смеяться laugh
смотреть look
536
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
смотреть
телевизор watch
TV смятый creased; crumpled
сначала at first снег snow
снимать take off снова again
собака dog собирать gather
собираться be going (to)
Собор Святого Павла
St. Paul's Cathedral
собрание meeting
совершить perform
совершить преступление
commit a crime
совершить турне tour совет
advice совпадение coincidence
соглашаться agree сожаление:
к сожалению
unfortunately сожалеть
feel sorry создатель
creator сойти (с
транспорта)
get off сок juice солдат
soldier солнечный sunny
солнечный свет sunlight
солнце sun соль salt сон sleep
сонет sonnet
сорвать(цветок)pick сорок
forty сосед neighbour
соседний neighbouring
соседняя комната next room
состояться take place
состязание contest сочинение
composition спальня bedroom
спасибо thank you
спать sleep
спектакль performance
специально specially
спешить hurry
спокойной ночи good night
спокойный quiet
спорить argue
спорт sport
спортивная секция sport
section спортивный sport
спортсмен sportsman
способный capable справа on
the right спрашивать ask
спрыгивать jump off спрятать
hide спрятать руки в карманы
put one's hands into one's
pockets сразу at once среда
Wednesday срок: в срок in
time ссылаться refer стадион
stadium стакан glass
становиться get; become
станцевать dance станция
station стараться try старый
old статья article стена wall
стихи poems; poetry
стихотворение poem сто
hundred стол table столица
capital столовая canteen
столько so many; so much
стоять stand страна country
странный strange
Русско-английский словарь
стричь cut
стричься have one's hair cut
строить build
строчка line
студент student
стул chair
стыд shame
стыдно ashamed
стюард steward
суббота Saturday
суд trial
суметь manage; be able
сумка bag
суп soup
сфотографироваться have
one's photo taken сцена
scene; stage счастливый
happy счастье happiness
к счастью luckily
считать count; think
США USA сшить make
съездить go съесть eat
сын son сыр cheese
таблетка tablet Таиланд
Thailand тайна mystery так
как as, because, since такой
such такси taxi; cab
талантливый talented там
there танцевать dance тарелка
plate твой your
творчество creative activity
театр theatre театрал
theatregoer
537
тебе you
тебя you
текст text
телевидение television
телевизор TV set телеграмма
telegram телефон telephone
Темза Thames темнеть get dark
темно dark „температура
temperature теннис tennis
теория theory теперь now
тепло warm
термометр thermometer
терпеть: он терпеть не мог
he hated терпеливый
patient терять lose тетка
aunt
тетрадь exercise book тигрица
tigress тихий (спокойный)
quiet толпа crowd толстый
thick только only только что
just Том Сойер Tom Sawyer
торопиться hurry торт cake
тот же the same точный
accurate трава grass Травиата
La Traviata трамвай tram
тратить spend тратить
понапрасну waste
тревожиться worry
тренировка training тридцать
thirty тринадцать thirteen
трогать touch
538
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
в чемодан pack (put) into
the suitcase
вещи pack
уметь be able
умный clever
умываться wash
университет university
упасть fall
упомянуть mention
упорно работать work hard „
упорствовать persist
управляющий manager
У
убийство murder
упражнение exercise
убирать квартиру do the flat
упрекать accuse
уважать respect
урок lesson
увеличить increase
условие condition, circumуверен sure
stance
увидеть see
услышать hear
увлекательный exciting
успеть на поезд catch a train
уволить fire; dismiss
успех success
угадать guess
усталый tired
угол corner
утро morning
удаваться manage
утром in the morning
удача success
уходить из дома leave home
уделять
внимание
pay ухудшать make (things) worse
attention
участие: принимать учасудивительный wonderful
тие take part
удивленный surprised
учебник textbook
удивлять surprise
ученик pupil
удобный comfortable
ученый scientist
уезжать go; go away, leave
учитель teacher
ужас horror
учить(ся) learn
уже already
ужин supper
Ф
узнать find out; learn; recфабрика factory
ognize
факт fact февраль
уйти go; go away, leave
February физика
украсть steal
physics фильм film
укусить bite
фотограф
photographer
улица street
фотография
photograph
уличное движение traffic
фотографироваться have
уложить: в постель put into
one's photo taken
bed
„Трое в лодке, не считая собаки". Three Men in a Boat,
to Say Nothing of the Dog
трудный difficult
трус coward
туда there
тунец (голубой) tuna
турист tourist
тысяча thousand
тяжелый heavy
Русско-английский словарь
Франция France француз
Frenchman французский
French фрукт fruit футбол
football футболист football
player
X
хвалить praise хлеб
bread ходить go
ходить за покупками go
shopping
ходить пешком walk
хозяйка mistress; hostess
холодильник refrigerator,
fridge холодный
cold хороший good
хорошо well хотеть
want
хочется (расположен) feel
like храбрый brave хранить
keep хрустальный crystal
художник painter хуже worse
Ц
цветок flower
целый whole
„целую вечность" for ages
центр centre цена preis
ценный valuable цепь chain
церковь church цунами
tsunami
4
чай tea
Чарльз Диккенс Charles
Dickens
539
час hour
часто often
часть part
часы watch; clock
чашка cup
чаще: как можно чаще as
often as possible
чей whose
человек man, person
чемодан suitcase
черный black
четверг Thursday
четырнадцать fourteen
чинить repair
число number
чистить clean
чистый clean
читальный зал reading room
читать read
читать стихи (наизусть)
recite
чтение reading
что what; that
что-нибудь something
что-то something
чувствовать feel
чувствовать себя больным
(быть в плохой спортивной форме) feel unfit
чудесный wonderful
Ш
шаг step
Шарлотта Бронте Charlotte
Bronte
шахматы chess
Швейцария Switzerland
швейцарец,
швейцарка,
швейцарский Swiss
шерстяной woollen
шестнадцать sixteen
шестьдесят sixty
шить sew
540
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
шкаф cupboard . книжный
шкаф bookcase школа school
школьник schoolboy
школьники schoolchildren
школьница schoolgirl шляпа
hat штраф fine шум noise
шуметь make noise шутить
joke
щ
щедрый generous
Э экзамен exam
экзаменовать examine
экспедиция expedition
электричество electric light
электронная почта e-mail
энергичный energetic эпизод
episode Эрмитаж Hermitage
Эстония Estonia этот this
Ю
югsouth южный
southern
Я яблоко
apple яблоня apple tree
язык language; tongue
яйцо egg январь January
ясно clear ясный день
fine day яхта yacht ящик
box
SOURCES
1. Alexander L. G. English Grammar Practice for Intermediate
Students. — Longman Group UK Limited, 1990.
2. Andres F., Marchini D., Stotz D. Ready for English.
Student's Book 1. Klett und Balmer Verlag, Zug, 1993.
3. Andres F., Fas H., Marchini D., Stotz D. Ready for English.
Student's Book 2. — Klett und Balmer Verlag, Zug, 1994.
4. Coles M. and Lord B. Access to English. Starting Out. —
Oxford University Press, 1974.
5. Coles M. and Lord B. Access to English. Starting Out.
Workbook B. — Oxford University Press, 1984.
6. Harper K. Grammar One. Teacher's Book. — Oxford
University Press, 1992.
7. Harper K. Grammar Two. Teacher's Book. — Oxford
University Press, 1992.
8. Hashemi L. with Murphy R. English Grammar in Use.
Supplementary Exercises. — Cambridge University Press, 1995.
9. Hewings M. Advanced Grammar in Use. A self-study
reference and practice book for advanced learners of English. —
Cambridge University Press, 1999.
10. Hutchinson T. Project English 3. Student's Book. -Oxford
University Press, 1987.
11. Molinsky S. J., Bliss B. Side by Side. Activity Work book
1A, IB. — Prentice Hall Regents, Englewood ClilTs, New Jersey,
1983.
12. Molinsky S. J., Bliss B. Side by Side. Act i vi ty Workbook
2A, 2B. — Prentice Hall Regents, Knglewoml Cliffs, New Jersey,
1983.
13. Molinsky S. J.. Bliss B. Side by Side. English Through
Guided Conversations 1A, IB. — Prentice Hall Regents,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.
Ы. Molinsky S.J., Bliss B.Sidehy Side. English Through
Guided Conversations 2A, 2B. — Prentice Thill Kegeut.:»,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1983.
542
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
15. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students of English.
— Cambridge University Press, 1998.
16. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. A self-study
reference and practice book for intermediate students. —
Cambridge University Press, 1994.
17. NaylorH. with Murphy R. Essential Grammar in Use.
Supplementary Exercises. — Cambridge University Press,
1996.
18. Seidl J. Grammar One. — Oxford University Press,
1992.
19. Seidl J. Grammar Two. — Oxford University Press,
1992.
20. Seidl J. Grammar Three. — Oxford University Press,
1993.
21. Seidl J. Grammar Four. — Oxford University Press,
1994.
22. Waheman K. Grammar Three. Teacher's Book. —
Oxford University Press, 1993.
DICTIONARIES
23. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. — Longman Group UK Limited, 1992.
24. The Oxford Russian Dictionary. English-Russian. —
Oxford-Moscow, 1999.
25. The Oxford Russian Dictionary. Russian-English. —
Oxford-Moscow, 1999.
26. Webster's New World Dictionary. Third College Edition. — Webster's New World Cleveland & New York, 1988.
27. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. —
Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Contents
Артикль ............................................................................. 5
Существительное............................................................ 68
Местоимения some, any, no, every
и их производные ..................................................... 76
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few ...........................................92
Степени сравнения прилагательных............................. 98
Предлоги ....................................................................... 108
Употребление времен...................................................126
Passive Voice .................................................................232
Согласование времен. Косвенная речь .......................255
Инфинитив ....................................................................294
Причастие ......................................................................305
Герундий .......................................................................325
Причастие, герундий
и отглагольное существительное ..........................346
Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)......................352
Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) ................... 374
Условные предложения.
Сослагательное наклонение после "I wish" ... 382
Модальные глаголы ..................................................... 399
Контрольное упражнение ......................................... 450
Фонетические символы, используемые
в словаре.................................................................. 453
Англо-русский словарь .............................................. 454
Русско-английский словарь ......................................... 519
Литература .................................................................... 541
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Подписано в печать 14.07.2006.Формат 84xl08V32Гарнитура «Школьная». Бумага газетная. Печать офсетная.
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