Дизели Wärtsilä 6L20. Руководство по эксплуатации

Number
43539
Installation
HAVYARD 82
Engine type
WÄRTSILÄ 6L20
Engine number
PAAE002001
Specification
173316
This manual is intended for the personal use of engine operators and
should always be at their disposal. The content of this manual shall
neither be copied nor communicated to a third person.
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
 Copyright by Wärtsilä Finland Oy
All rights reserved. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or copied in
any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, graphic, photocopying,
recording, taping or other information retrieval systems) without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner.
THIS PUBLICATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN ACCURATE AND AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION WITH REGARD TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER COVERED AS WAS
AVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF PRINTING. HOWEVER, THE PUBLICATION DEALS
WITH COMPLICATED TECHNICAL MATTERS SUITED ONLY FOR SPECIALISTS IN
THE AREA, AND THE DESIGN OF THE SUBJECT-PRODUCTS IS SUBJECT TO REGULAR IMPROVEMENTS, MODIFICATIONS AND CHANGES. CONSEQUENTLY, THE
PUBLISHER AND COPYRIGHT OWNER OF THIS PUBLICATION CAN NOT ACCEPT
ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY EVENTUAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS
IN THIS BOOKLET OR FOR DISCREPANCIES ARISING FROM THE FEATURES OF
ANY ACTUAL ITEM IN THE RESPECTIVE PRODUCT BEING DIFFERENT FROM
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SHALL UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY FINANCIAL CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR OTHER LOSS, OR ANY OTHER DAMAGE OR INJURY,
SUFFERED BY ANY PARTY MAKING USE OF THIS PUBLICATION OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.
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Phone: +358 (0)10 709 080
Wärtsilä homepage: www.wartsila.com
E-mail: [email protected]
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Kimmo Kohtamäki
General Manager
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+358 10 709 2860
Mobile:
+358 40 558 2372
[email protected]
Päivi Hirvonen
+358 10 709 2861
Pasi Hautakoski
+358 10 709 2826
Assistant in Vaasa
Regional Manager
[email protected]
Mobile:
+358 40 565 8237
Johanna Kilpinen
+358 10 709 3260
Sten-Eric Björkman
+358 10 709 2822
Assistant in Turku
Sales Support Manager
[email protected]
Kai Laine
Sales Support
Manager
Tom Backlund
Regional Manager
Kari Källvik
Sales Support
Manager
Kari Koski-Tuuri
Regional Manager
+358 10 709 2838
Mobile:
+358 40 520 0801
Mobile:
+358 40 729 2535
Jari Vataja
Sales Support Manager
Ton Makkee
Keijo Nieminen
Regional Manager
Olli Laakso
Sales Support
Manager
Juha Kuusisto
Regional Manager
Harri Leinonen
Sales Support Manager
[email protected]
Jim Andersson
+358 10 709 1305
Mobile:
+358 40 837 3305
+358 10 709 3314
Mobile:
+358 40 500 5498
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3196
Mobile:
+358 40 507 0994
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2875
Mobile:
+358 40 513 6876
+358 10 709 1860
Mobile:
+358 40 762 5563
Janne Ahti
Sales Support Manager
+358 10 709 3235
Mobile:
+358 40 820 9235
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3062
Mobile:
+358 400 863 062
Kim Östman
Sales Support Manager
Mobile:
+358 40 516 2902
+358 10 709 2065
Mobile:
+358 40 524 4370
[email protected]
+358 40 518 1776
+358 10 709 1824
Mobile:
+358 40 836 5579
[email protected]
Hannu Koski
Sales Support Manager
Klaus Westerinen
Sales Support Manager
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2842
+358 10 709 1307
Mobile:
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Sales Support
Manager
+358 40 589 3443
[email protected]
[email protected]
Sales Support
Manager
Mobile:
[email protected]
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3317
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3144
Mobile:
+358 400 859 144
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3281
Mobile:
+358 40 502 6882
[email protected]
Jarno Tunturi
Sales Support Manager
+358 10 709 2709
Mobile:
+358 10 751 8285
[email protected]
!
Vesa Honkela
Sales Manager
+358 10 709 2837
Mobile:
+358 40 550 8815
[email protected]
Eero Hakala
Account Manager
Christian Wickström
Account Manager
+358 10 709 1632
Mobile:
+358 40 552 2512
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2746
Mobile:
+358 40 556 3947
Guy Blomquist
Account Manager
Ville Packalén
Account Manager
christian.wickstrom@wartsila.
com
+358 10 709 3475
Mobile:
+358 40 592 0488
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3642
Mobile:
+358 40 502 4472
[email protected]
"
Leif Enlund
Manager, Service
Projects
Jens Norrgård
Project Manager, Gas
+358 10 709 2906
Mobile:
+ 358 40 501 9262
[email protected]
+358 10 709 1876
Mobile:
+358 40 748 5586
[email protected]
Krister Slotte
General Manager
+358 10 709 3406
Mobile:
+358 400 526 763
[email protected]
Pia Jerkku
Assistant in Turku
Nancy Dahl
Assistant in Vaasa
Johan Pellas
+358 10 709 3178
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2781
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2806
Mikael Karhulahti
Project Manager,
Electrical
Ari Reunanen
Manager
Wärtsilä 46, 50DF
Stefan Wiik
Olli Tarvonen
Karl-Erik Lindholm
+358 10 709 2790
Karl-Johan Nixholm
Hans-Olof Norrgård
Manager
Warranty
+358 40 732 2689
Technical Manager
Wärtsilä 32
+358 10 709 2710
Mats Lagström
Mobile:
+358 40 773 5531
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3063
Mobile:
+358 40 835 8581
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2394
+358 10 709 1835
Manager
Vasa 32, Wärtsilä 32 &
Wärtsilä 32, 34 Gas
Engines
[email protected]
karl-erik.lindholm@
wartsila.com
[email protected]
Jonas Sundblom
+358 40 732 2687
Mobile:
+358 40 748 6632
Mobile:
Technical Manager
Wärtsilä 32, 34 Gas
Engines
Manager
Automation & Control
Mobile:
Manager
Wärtsilä 20, Vasa 22, 24
Manager
Condition Based
Maintenance
Mobile:
+358 10 709 1845
Technical Manager
Vasa 32
+358 40 540 8740
[email protected]
Mobile:
+ 358 40 735 1835
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2783
Mobile:
+358 40 590 2256
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2807
Mobile:
+358 40 765 5807
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2804
[email protected]
Ingmar Ahlqvist
+358 10 709 2750
Asko Vakkila
Manager
Documentation and
Software Systems
Mobile:
+358 40 725 9954
Documentation Manager
Prime Movers
Arto Nikula
+358 10 709 1325
Hannu Salminen
Documentation Manager
Plant Installations
Thomas Nummelin
[email protected]
+358 40 748 2259
Documentation Manager
Ship Installations
+358 10 709 2832
Tapani Syrjänen
Mobile:
[email protected]
General Manager
Field Service
Mobile:
+358 40 508 3114
Manager
Power Plants
Niina HaapalaLivera
+358 10 709 2731
Tiina Mäkinen
Ralf Guldbrand
+358 10 709 1859
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2756
Mobile:
+358 400 667 670
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3337
Mobile:
+358 40 838 5899
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3359
Mobile:
+358 40 502 3562
[email protected]
+358 10 709 3024
Assistant in Turku
[email protected]
Reijo Seikkula
+358 10 709 3230
Assistant in Vaasa
Manager
Field Service Resources
Kaj-Erik Holm
Service Co-ordinator
Field Service Resources
Ulf-Johan Björknäs
Manager
Marine Commissioning
Anders Ståhlgård
Mobile:
+358 40 767 8859
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2836
Mobile:
+358 40 837 3882
[email protected]
+358 10 709 1152
Mobile:
+358 40 729 2182
[email protected]
+358 10 709 2862
Service Co-ordinator
Power Plant < 380
Mobile:
Anders Bergfors
+358 10 709 2856
Service Co-ordinator
Electrical & Automation
Systems
+358 40 556 2862
[email protected]
Mobile:
+358 40 708 2856
[email protected]
Service Co-ordinator
Field Service Resources
Mobile:
+358 40 769 1787
[email protected]
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200147
Mery predostorovnosti pri swarke
Appendix W
00B. Mery predostorovnosti pri swarke
00B.1
Ob]ie mery predostorovnosti
Osnownye principy:
·
·
·
·
Preduprevdenie nekontroliruemyh tokowyh cepej
Preduprevdenie izlu^eniq
Preduprevdenie razbrosa bryzg rasplawlennogo metalla
Esli udobno, otsoedinitx wse globalxnye signaly, kak pitanie, pereda^a
dannyh i t. d.
00B.1.1 Preduprevdenie
cepej
nekontroliruemyh
tokowyh
Putx swaro^nogo toka wsegda dolven bytx pod kontrolem, ot to^ki swarki do
obratnogo podsoedineniq k swaro^nomu apparatu sleduet imetx prqmoj putx.
Samyj bolx[oj tok wsegda te^ët tam, gde soprotiwlenie naimenx[ee, w
opredelënnyh slu^aqh obratnyj tok movet po\tomu protekatx po prowodam
zazemleniq i ^erez \lektronnye ustrojstwa w sisteme uprawleniq.
Dlq preduprevdeniq \togo rasstoqnie mevdu to^koj swarki i zavimom obratnogo
podsoedineniq na swaro^nom apparate wsegda dolvno bytx po wozmovnosti samym
korotkim i bez \lektronnyh ustrojstw w obratnoj cepi.
Wnimanie dolvno bytx udeleno ka^estwu kontakta w zavime obratnogo
podsoedineniq, plohoj kontakt takve movet statx pri^inoj iskroobrazowaniq i
izlu^eniq.
00B.1.2 Preduprevdenie radiacii
Swaro^nyj tok i swaro^naq duga qwlq@tsq isto^nikami \lektromagnitnogo
izlu^eniq [irokogo spektra. Ono movet wyzwatx powrevdenie ^uwstwitelxnoj
\lektronnoj apparatury.
Dlq preduprevdeniq takih powrevdenij wse [kafy i klemmnye korobki dolvny
bytx zakryty wo wremq swarki. ~uwstwitelxnu@ apparaturu movno takve za]ititx
s pomo]x@ \kranirowaniq metalli^eskim listom.
Krome togo, izbegajte raspoloveniq kabelej swaro^nogo apparata parallelxno
prowodam i kabelqm sistemy uprawleniq. Bolx[oj swaro^nyj tok legko nawodit
wtori^nye toki w drugih prowodq]ih materialah.
00B.1.3 Preduprevdenie
powrevdenij
rasplawlennogo metalla
bryzgami
Bryzgi rasplawlennogo metalla oby^no razbrasywa@tsq wokrug swaro^noj dugi.
Nemnogie materialy mogut protiwostoqtx teplowomu wozdejstwi@ \tih bryzg. Po
\toj pri^ine wse [kafy i klemmnye korobki sleduet zakrytx na wremq
wypolneniq swarki. Dat^iki, ispolnitelxnye ustrojstwa, prowoda i drugoe
oborudowanie na dwigatele dolvny bytx za]i]eny celesoobraznymi
sredstwami.
Bryzgi rasplawlennogo metalla mogut takve wyzwatx problemy i posle ih
ohlavdeniq, t. e. w rezulxtate korotkih zamykanij, uhud[eniq uplotnenij i t. d.
00 - 1
Appendix B
00B.2
Mery predostorovnosti pri swarke
200147
Kontrolxnyj pere^enx mer predostorovnosti
00B.2.1 Ob]ie swedeniq o kontrolxnyh pere^nqh
Priwodimye w nastoq]ej glawe kontrolxnye pere^ni (predpo^titelxno
prikleennye k plastmassowoj plastine) sleduet razmestitx w [kafu dwigatelej
dlq sootwetstwu@]ih tipow sistem. Kontrolxnyj pere^enx dolven bytx na widu
i dostupen pri otkrytii [kafa.
00B.2.2 Osnownoj
kontrolxnyj
(Despemes/Spemos)
pere^enx
ECU
Pered swarkoj wblizi osnownoj sistemy ECU dolvny bytx prinqty sledu@]ie
mery predostorovnosti:
· Zakrojte kry[ku [kafa.
· Perewedite sistemu w nerabo^ee sostoqnie, otsoediniw wse wne[nie
podsoedineniq (H1...H4).
· Esli udobno, za]itite kabeli, dat^iki i drugoe oborudowanie ot popadaniq
na nih bryzg rasplawlennogo metalla, ispolxzuq dlq \togo celesoobraznyj
metalli^eskij list.
00B.2.3 Kontrolxnyj pere^enx WECS 2000
Pered swarkoj wblizi sistemy uprawleniq WECS 2000 dolvny bytx prinqty
sledu@]ie mery predostorovnosti:
· Zakrojte kry[ki [kafa i wseh razme]ënnyh blokow.
· Perewedite sistemu w nerabo^ij revim, otsoediniw wse wne[nie
podsoedineniq (H1...H6).
· Esli udobno, za]itite kabeli, dat^iki i drugoe oborudowanie ot popadaniq
na nih bryzg rasplawlennogo metalla, ispolxzuq dlq \togo celesoobraznyj
metalli^eskij list.
00B.2.4 Kontrolxnyj pere^enx WECS 3000
Pered swarkoj wblizi sistemy uprawleniq WECS 3000 dolvny bytx prinqty
sledu@]ie mery predostorovnosti:
· Perewedite sistemu w nerabo^ee sostoqnie, otsoediniw wse wne[nie
podsoedineniq (H1...H5).
· Ne podsoedinqjte obratnu@ lini@ swaro^nogo apparata k al@miniewomu
profil@, soderva]emu moduli CCU, KDU i modulx zaviganiq. |tot
profilx ispolxzuetsq w ka^estwe ob]ego zazemleniq dlq \tih modulej.
· Otkrojte wse plawkie predohraniteli na klemmah (F1...F20) w [kafu.
· Zakrojte kry[ki [kafa i wseh razme]ënnyh blokow.
· Esli udobno, za]itite kabeli, dat^iki i drugoe oborudowanie ot popadaniq
na nih bryzg rasplawlennogo metalla, ispolxzuq dlq \togo celesoobraznyj
metalli^eskij list.
00 - 2
200147
Mery predostorovnosti pri swarke
Appendix W
00B.2.5 Kontrolxnyj pere^enx WECS 7000/8000
Pered swarkoj wblizi sistemy uprawleniq WECS 7000 ili 8000 dolvny bytx
prinqty sledu@]ie mery predostorovnosti:
· Perewedite sistemu w nerabo^ee sostoqnie, otsoediniw wse wne[nie
podsoedineniq (H1...H6).
· Esli mesto swarki nahoditsq blizko (primerno w radiuse 2 m) k
\lektronnomu modul@ (SSM-701, SSM-558, CCD/PDM, Cense i t. d.),
otsoedinite wse raz_ëmy bloka.
· Zakrojte kry[ki [kafa
· Raz_edinite wse wzaimoswqzi mevdu prowodkoj i [kafom.
· Esli udobno, za]itite prowodku, kabeli, dat^iki i drugoe oborudowanie ot
popadaniq na nih bryzg rasplawlennogo metalla, ispolxzuq dlq \togo
celesoobraznyj metalli^eskij list.
00 - 3
Appendix B
00 - 4
Mery predostorovnosti pri swarke
200147
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• DOGL]HO[QRHWRSOLZRLOLOHJNRHGLVWLOOTWQRHWRSOLZR
• CROV\UDTQHIW[
,QWHUZDO\WHKREVOXYLZDQLT]DZLVTWRWKDUDNWHULVWLNSULPHQTHPRJRWRSOLZD
VPJODZX*UDILNWHKREVOXYLZDQLT
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 5
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
5D]OLALTPHYGXWLSDPLWRSOLZDHFOLHFOSRND]DQ\ZVOHGX#@HM
WDEOLFH
+DUDNWHULVWLNLWRSOLZDPDNVSUHGHO\
HFO
HFO
6HUD
PDVV
=ROD
:DQDGLM
1DWULM
1DWULMSHUHGGZLJDWHOHP
$O#PLQLMNUHPQLM
$O#PLQLMNUHPQLMSHUHG
GZLJDWHOHP
PDVV
PJNJ
PJNJ
PJNJ
PJNJ
PJNJ
.RNVRZ\MRVWDWRNSR.RQUDGVRQX
$VIDO[WHQ\
CCAI
PDVV
PDVV
:WRSOLZHQHGROYQ\VRGHUYDW[VTSRVWRURQQLHVXEVWDQFLLLOLKLPLAHVNLH
]DJUT]QHQLTRSDVQ\HGOTXVWDQRZNLLOLRWULFDWHO[QRZOLT#@LHQDUDERWX
GZLJDWHOT
:QLPDQLH (VOLRGQDL]KDUDWHULVWLNWRSOLZDSUHZ\>DHWPDNV]QDAHQLHGOTHFO
WRSOLZRVOHGXHWVALWDW[WRSOLZRPHFO
02.1.4 3RTVQHQLTNKDUDNWHULVWLNDPWRSOLZD
D :T]NRVW[ QHTZOTHWVTSRND]DWHOHPNDAHVWZDWRSOLZDRGQDNRH#RSUHGHOTHWVT
VORYQRVW[ VLVWHP\ QDJUHZD L REUDERWNL WRSOLZD SRVNRO[NX WTYHORH
GL]WRSOLZRGROYQRQDJUHZDW[VTGRGRVWLYHQLTLPZT]NRVWLV6WSUL
ZSU\VNH3ULQL]NLK]QDAHQLTKZT]NRVWLZR]UDVWDHWUDVKRGAHUH]SOXQYHU
LQYHNWRUQRJR QDVRVD _WR SULZRGLW N XPHQ[>HQL# NROLAHVWZD ZSU\VNL
ZDHPRJRWRSOLZDAWRZKXG>HPVOXADHPRYHWZRVSUHSTWVWZRZDW[UD]ZLWL#
GZLJDWHOHPSROQRMPR@QRVWL
7RSOLZQDTVLVWHPDVWDQGDUWQRJRGZLJDWHOTUDVVALWDQDQDPDNVLPDO[QX#
ZT]NRVW[WRSOLZDV6WSULyC RNRORV6WSULyCRNRORVHN
SR5HGZXGXzSULyF E 3ORWQRVW[ JODZQ\PREUD]RPZOLTHWQDVHSDULURZDQLHWRSOLZD6HSDUDWRU\
PRJXWRWGHOTW[ZRGXL ZQHNRWRURM VWHSHQLWZHUG\H ADVWLF\L]WRSOLZD
SORWQRVW[# GR NJP SUL yC 6X@HVWZX#W WDNYH VHSDUDWRU\
VSRVREQ\HRAL@DW[WRSOLZRSORWQRVW[#GRNJPSULyC
:R]PRYQRVWL VHSDUDWRUD GROYQ\ SURZHUTW[VT SHUHG SULREUHWHQLHP
WRSOLZDRAHQ[Z\VRNRMSORWQRVWLWDNNDNQHNDAHVWZHQQRHVHSDULURZDQLH
SULZRGLWNAUH]PHUQRPXL]QRVXL]]DQDOLALTQHRWGHOHQQ\KADVWLFLZRG\
6HSDUDWRUQ\M GLVN GROYHQ Z\ELUDW[VT Z VRRWZHWVWZLL V SORWQRVW[#
WRSOLZD
2VWRURYQR 7RSOLZRLPH#@HHQL]NX#ZT]NRVW[SULZ\VRNRMSORWQRVWLRE\AQRLPHHW
QL]NX#ZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[
02 - 6
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
F :RVSODPHQTHPRVW[ 7TYHO\H VRUWD GL]WRSOLZD PRJXW LPHW[ RAHQ[ QL]NX#
ZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[_WRPRYHWSULZRGLW[NSUREOHPDPSULSXVNHGZLJDWHOT
LUDERWHVQL]NRMQDJUX]NRMRVREHQQRHVOLGZLJDWHO[QHGRVWDWRAQRSURJUHW
1L]NDTZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[PRYHWWDNYHZ\]\ZDW[]QDALWHO[QX#]DGHUYNX
ZRVSODPHQHQLT L UH]NLM URVW GDZOHQLT D WDNYH Z\VRNLH PDNVLPDO[Q\H
]QDAHQLTGDZOHQLT_WRXZHOLALZDHWPHKDQLAHVNX#QDJUX]NXLGDYHPRYHW
SULZHVWL N VHU[H]Q\P SRZUHYGHQLTP GHWDOHM GZLJDWHOT QDSULPHU
SRU>QHZ\KNROHFLSRG>LSQLNRZ0RJXWQDEO#GDW[VTWDNYHRWORYHQLTQD
SRU>QTK Z\SXVNQ\K NODSDQDK Z Z\KORSQRM VLVWHPH QD NRO[FHZRP VRSOH
WXUELQ\LHHORSDWNDK=DJUT]QHQLHWXUERQDJQHWDWHOTSULZRGLWNSRQLYHQL#
HJRSURL]ZRGLWHO[QRVWLLNXZHOLAHQL#WHUPLAHVNRMQDJUX]NL
3UL]QDNRPQL]NRMZRVSODPHQTHPRVWL TZOTHWVT GHWRQDFLRQQ\MVWXN WH
VLO[Q\M L ]ZRQNLM >XP GHWRQDFLL : UH]XO[WDWH GHWRQDFLL ZR]UDVWDHW
PHKDQLAHVNDT QDJUX]ND QD GHWDOL ZRNUXJNDPHU\ VJRUDQLTXZHOLALZDHWVT
WHUPLAHVNDTQDJUX]NDDWDNYHSRZ\>DHWVTUDVKRGPRWRUQRJRPDVODLHJR
]DJUT]QHQLH
2VWRURYQR 1HVPRWUTQDWRAWRQL]NDTZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[SULZRGLWN]DGHUYNDPZRV
SODPHQHQLTXZHOLAHQLHRSHUHYHQLTZSU\VNDWRO[NRXKXG>DHWSRORYHQLH
WRSOLZRZSU\VNLZDHWVTSULEROHHQL]NRMWHPSHUDWXUHNRPSUHVVLLAWRH@H
ERO[>HXGOLQTHW]DGHUYNXZRVSODPHQHQLT
:RVSODPHQTHPRVW[ QH RSUHGHOTHWVT L QH RJUDQLALZDHWVT Z VWDQGDUWDK QD
PRUVNRHQHIWTQRHWRSOLZR7RYHVDPRHRWQRVLWVTLNVWDQGDUWXQDPRUVNRH
GLVWLOOTWQRHWRSOLZRISO-F-DNC
:RVSODPHQTHPRVW[GLVWLOOTWQRJRWRSOLZDPRYHWRSUHGHOTW[VTQHVNRO[NLPL
PHWRGDPL QDSULPHU GL]HO[Q\P LQGHNVRP FHWDQRZ\P LQGHNVRP L
FHWDQRZ\PALVORP
:RVSODPHQTHPRVW[ WTYHORJR GL]WRSOLZD PRYHW E\W[ JUXER RSUHGHOHQD
SXWHPZ\ALVOHQLTUDVAHWQRJRDURPDWLAHVNRJRLQGHNVDXJOHURGD(CCAI QD
RVQRZHZT]NRVWLLSORWQRVWLWRSOLZD
Opredelenie CCAI
CCAI = ρ - 81 - 141 log10 log10 (νκ + 0,85)
JGH ρ = SORWQRVW[ NJPSUL°C
νκ NLQHPDWLAHVNDTZT]NRVW[ V6WSULyC)
:QLPDQLH 8ZHOLAHQLHLQGHNVDCCAIVRRWZHWVWZXHWXKXG>HQL#ZRVSODPHQTHPRVWL
,QGHNVCCAI PRYQR WDNYH RSUHGHOLW[ QR V RJUDQLAHQQRM WRAQRVW[# V
SRPR@[#QRPRJUDPP\VP5LV
6RUWDWRSOLZDSUTPRMSHUHJRQNLLPH#W]QDAHQLHLQGHNVDZSUHGHODK
„LREODGD#WRWOLAQRMZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[#.UHNLQJRZ\HRVWDWNLPRJXW
LPHW[LQGHNVRWGRLZ\>HQRRVQRZQDTADVW[EXQNHUQRJRWRSOLZD
ZQDVWRT@HHZUHPTRVWDHWVTZSUHGHODK„
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 7
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
,QGHNV CCAI QH SUHGQD]QDAHQ GOT WRAQRM RFHQNL ZRVSODPHQTHPRVWL
WRSOLZD7HPQHPHQHHVOHGXHWSULGHUYLZDW[VTVOHGX#@LKRE@LKSUDZLO
• 'OT GZLJDWHOHM UDERWD#@LK QD SRVWRTQQ\K RERURWDK SUL QDJUX]NH
VZ\>HPRYHWEH]SUREOHPLVSRO[]RZDW[VTWRSOLZRVLQGHNVRP
CCAIGR
• 'OT GZLJDWHOHM UDERWD#@LK QD SHUHPHQQ\K RERURWDK SUL
L]PHQT#@HMVTQDJUX]NHPRYHWEH]SUREOHPLVSRO[]RZDW[VTWRSOLZR
VLQGHNVRPCCAIGR
:R L]EHYDQLH SUREOHP Z\]ZDQQ\K QL]NRM ZRVSODPHQTHPRVW[# VOHGXHW
REUD@DW[ZQLPDQLHQDVOHGX#@LHIDNWRU\
• 'RVWDWRAQ\MSURJUHZGZLJDWHOTSHUHGSXVNRP
• 3UDZLO[QRVW[IXQNFLRQLURZDQLTREUDWQRMVLVWHP\RKODYGHQLT
• 3UDZLO[QRVW[IXQNFLRQLURZDQLTVLVWHP\ZSU\VNDRVREHQQRVRVWRTQLH
IRUVXQRN
1RPRJUDPPDGOTRSUHGHOHQLTLQGHNVDCCAI
CCAI
820
50˚C
100˚C
840
4
5
2
6
860
800
880
810
7
8
9
10
900
3
820
830
920
840
4
15
940
850
960
860
5
20
25
30
35
40
50
6
7
8
9
10
980
870
880
1000
890
75
100
150
20
200
250
300
400
500
25
30
35
40
50
60
750
1000
5LV
02 - 8
15
1020
900
1040
910
920
930
3202599716
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
G 6RGHUYDQLHZRG\ ZWTYHORPGL]WRSOLZHVLO[QRZDU[LUXHWVT:RGDPRYHW
SRVWXSDW[L]UD]Q\KLVWRAQLNRZLPRYHWE\W[NDNSUHVQRMWDNLVROHQRM
2QD PRYHW WDNYH REUD]RZ\ZDW[VT Z UH]XO[WDWH NRQGHQVDFLL Z EXQNHUQ\K
EDNDKXVWDQRZNL
• (VOLZRGDSUHVQDTLKRUR>R?PXO[JLURZDQDZWRSOLZH?IIHNWLZQRH
?QHUJRVRGHUYDQLHWRSOLZDXPHQ[>DHWVTVZR]UDVWDQLHPVRGHUYDQLT
ZRG\AWRSULZRGLWNSRZ\>HQL#UDVKRGDWRSOLZD
• (VOL WRSOLZR ]DJUT]QHQR PRUVNRM ZRGRM VRGHUYD@LMVT Z VROHQRM
ZRGHKORUPRYHWZ\]ZDW[NRUUR]L#WRSOLZQRMVLVWHP\ZNO#ADTLQ
YHNFLRQQRHRERUXGRZDQLH:R]GHMVWZLHQDWULTWDNYHSULVXWVWZX#@HJR
ZVROHQRMZRGHRSLV\ZDHWVTEROHHSRGUREQRGDOHH
:RL]EHYDQLHSUREOHPVWRSOLZQRMVLVWHPRMGZLJDWHOTVRGHUYDQLHZRG\
GROYQRE\W[XPHQ[>HQRGRPDNVSHUHGSRGDAHMWRSOLZDZGZLJDWHO[
H 6HUD ZWRSOLZHPRYHWZ\]\ZDW[NRUUR]L#LNRUUR]LRQQ\ML]QRVRVREHQQR
SULPDO\KQDJUX]NDK6HUDWDNYHVSRVREVWZXHWREUD]RZDQL#RWORYHQLMZ
Z\KORSQRM VLVWHPH RE\AQR Z IRUPH VXO[IDWRZ ZDQDGLT L QDWULT 2W
ORYHQLTWDNYHPRJXWSULZRGLW[NZ\VRNRWHPSHUDWXUQRMNRUUR]LLNDNRSL
V\ZDHWVTGDOHH
I :\VRNDT]RO[QRVW[ PRYHW E\W[ ZUHGQD SR UTGX SULALQ 2WGHO[Q\H VRVW
DZOT#@LH]RO\PRJXWZ\]\ZDW[UD]OLAQ\HSUREOHP\
• 2NVLG\ DO#PLQLT L NUHPQLT REUD]X#WVT Z SURFHVVH QHIWHSHUHU
DERWNLRQLPRJXWSULZRGLW[N]QDALWHO[QRPXL]QRVXJODZQ\PREUD]RP
LQYHNWRUQ\K QDVRVRZ L IRUVXQRN QR WDNYH L JLO[] FLOLQGURZ L
SRU>QHZ\K NROHF 'OT WRJR AWRE\ VZHVWL N PLQLPXPX L]QRV QHRE
KRGLPDW@DWHO[QDTRALVWNDWRSOLZD
• 2NVLG\ ZDQDGLT L QDWULT JODZQ\P REUD]RP QDWULMZDQDGLOZDQDGDW\
REUD]X#WVT Z SURFHVVH VJRUDQLT L VPH>LZD#WVT LOL UHDJLUX#W V
RNVLGDPL L ZDQDGDWDPL RVWDO[Q\K VRVWDZOT#@LK ]RO\ WDNLK NDN
QLNHO[NDO[FLMNUHPQLMLVHUD7HPSHUDWXUDVSHNDQLT?WRMVPHVL
PRYHWWDNRZDAWRRWORYHQLTIRUPLUX#WVTQDNODSDQDKZZ\KORSQRM
VLVWHPHLZWXUERQDJQHWDWHOH_WLRWORYHQLTLVNO#ALWHO[QRHGNLHZ
UDVSODZOHQQRPVRVWRTQLLRQLUD]UX>D#W]D@LWQ\MRNVLGQ\MVORM
QDSULPHU QD NODSDQDK SULZRGT N JRUTAHM NRUUR]LL L SURJRUDQL#
NODSDQRZ2WORYHQLTLJRUTADTNRUUR]LTZWXUERQDJQHWDWHOHRVREHQQR
QDNRO[FHZRPVRSOHLORSDWNDKWXUELQ\SULZRGTWNXPHQ[>HQL#HJR
SURL]ZRGLWHO[QRVWL 1DUX>DHWVT JD]RREPHQ AHUH] GZLJDWHO[ SUR
WHNDHW PHQ[>H ZR]GXKD Z UH]XO[WDWH AHJR ZR]UDVWDHW WHUPLAHVNDT
QDJUX]ND GZLJDWHOT 2EUD]RZDQLH RWORYHQLM XVNRUTHWVT SUL
SRZ\>HQLLWHPSHUDWXU\LPR@QRVWLGZLJDWHOT
:RL]EHYDQLHZR]QLNQRZHQLTZ\>HSHUHALVOHQQ\KSUREOHPSULUDERWHQD
Z\VRNR]RO[QRPWRSOLZHQHREKRGLPRZ\SROQTW[VOHGX#@LHSUDZLOD
• 2EHVSHALW[?IIHNWLZQX#RALVWNXWRSOLZD
• 5HJXOTUQRRAL@DW[WXUERQDJQHWDWHO[ZRGRMVPUD]GHO
• 2EHVSHALW[VWURJLMNRQWURO[NDAHVWZDEXQNHUQRJRWRSOLZDZADVWQRVWL
VFHO[#SRGGHUYDQLTQL]NRJRVRGHUYDQLT]RO\LHHZUHGQ\KVRV
WDZOT#@LK
• 5HJXOTUQR RAL@DW[ ZR]GX>Q\H ILO[WU\ L RKODGLWHOL QDJQHWDHPRJR
ZR]GXKDVOHGT]DSHUHSDGRPGDZOHQLTQDQLK
J :\VRNRHVRGHUYDQLHNRNVRZRJRRVWDWND PRYHW SULZRGLW[ N REUD]RZDQL#
RWORYHQLMZ NDPHUHVJRUDQLTLZ\KORSQRM VLVWHPH RVREHQQRSULPDO\K
QDJUX]NDK
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 9
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
• 2EUD]RZDQLH RWORYHQLM QD QDNRQHAQLNDK WRSOLZQ\K IRUVXQRN
QDUX>DHW UDVS\OHQLH WRSOLZD L GHIRUPLUXHW WRSOLZQX# VWUX#
XPHQ[>DT?IIHNWLZQRVW[SURFHVVDVJRUDQLTLSULZRGTNORNDO[Q\P
WHUPLAHVNLPSHUHJUX]NDP
• 2WORYHQLTZNDQDZNDKSRU>QHZ\KNROHFLQDVDPLKNRO[FDKSUHSTWVWZX#W
SHUHPH@HQL#NROHFZADVWQRVWLZ\]\ZDTXVLOHQQ\MSURU\ZJD]RZZ
NDUWHUAWRZVZR#RAHUHG[XZHOLALZDHW]DJUT]QHQLHPRWRUQRJRPDVOD
• 2WORYHQLT Z Z\KORSQRM VLVWHPH L WXUERQDJQHWDWHOH QDUX>D#W JD
]RREPHQLSRZ\>D#WWHUPLAHVNLHQDJUX]NL
K :\VRNRHVRGHUYDQLHDVIDO[WHQRZ PRYHW VSRVREVWZRZDW[ REUD]RZDQL# RW
ORYHQLM Z NDPHUH VJRUDQLT L Z\KORSQRM VLVWHPH RVREHQQR SUL PDO\K
QDJUX]NDK
$VIDO[WHQ\ SUHGVWDZOT#W VRERM NRPSOHNVQ\H Z\VRNRDURPDWLAHVNLH
VRHGLQHQLTVZ\VRNLPPROHNXOTUQ\PZHVRPRE\AQRVRGHUYD@LHVHUXD]RW
LNLVORURGDWDNYHPHWDOO\ZWRPALVOHZDQDGLMQLNHO[LYHOH]R VP
Z\>HUD]GHO=RO[QRVW[ :\VRNRHVRGHUYDQLHDVIDO[WHQRZXND]\ZDHWQD
WRAWRWRSOLZRPRYHWSORKRZRVSODPHQTW[VTLPHGOHQQRVJRUDW[
(VOLWRSOLZRQHVWDELO[QRDVIDO[WHQ\PRJXWZ\SDGDW[ZRVDGRNL]DVRUTW[
ILO[WU\REUD]RZ\ZDW[RWORYHQLTZWRSOLZQRMVLVWHPHLAUH]PHUQ\M>ODP
ZFHQWULIXJH
L 1L]NDTWHPSHUDWXUDZRVSODPHQHQLT Z\VRNRHGDZOHQLHSDUD RVREHQQRADVWR
QDEO#GDHWVTXV\URMQHIWL
1L]NDTWHPSHUDWXUDZRVSODPHQHQLTQHZOLTHWQDSURFHVVVJRUDQLTRGQDNR
WRSOLZR PRYHW E\W[ RSDVQ\P SUL REUDERWNH L KUDQHQLL _WR RVREHQQR
SURTZOTHWVT SUL Z\VRNRM WHPSHUDWXUH SRWHUL WHNXAHVWL WRSOLZD NRJGD
L]]D?WRJRWUHEXHWVTHJRSRGRJUHZ:LVNO#ALWHO[Q\KVOXADTKPRJXWLV
SRO[]RZDW[VTVSHFLDO[Q\HZ]U\ZREH]RSDVQ\HXVWURMVWZDLVHSDUDWRU\
:\VRNRHGDZOHQLHSDUD QL]NDTWHPSHUDWXUDZRVSODPHQHQLT PRYHWWDNYH
Z\]\ZDW[ NDZLWDFL# L REUD]RZDQLH JD]RZ\K NDUPDQRZ Z WRSOLZRSURZRGDK
_WRJR PRYQR L]EHYDW[ SRGGHUYLZDT SRZ\>HQQRH GDZOHQLH Z VLVWHPH
SRGDALWRSOLZD
1HREKRGLPRRWPHWLW[AWRQHNRWRU\HVWUDKRZ\HNRPSDQLLWUHEX#WSULPH
QHQLTVRUWRZWRSOLZDLPH#@LKWHPSHUDWXUXZRVSODPHQHQLTQHQLYHyC
M 7HPSHUDWXUDSRWHULWHNXAHVWL RSUHGHOTHW ]QDAHQLH QLYH NRWRURJR
WRSOLZR WHUTHW VZR# WHNXAHVW[ L WDNLP REUD]RP OHJNRVW[ REUD@HQLT V
WRSOLZRP:VTWRSOLZQDTVLVWHPDZNO#ADTEDNLLWRSOLZRSURZRG\GROYQD
E\W[QDJUHWDGRWHPSHUDWXU\NDNPLQLPXPQDyCZ\>HWHPSHUDWXU\
SRWHULWHNXAHVWL
N 2E@LMRVDGRAQ\MSRWHQFLDO(TSP RWUDYDHWVWDELO[QRVW[WRSOLZD(VOL
TSP Z\VRNZR]UDVWDHWRSDVQRVW[ REUD]RZDQLT RVDGNDL>ODPDZEDNDKL
WRSOLZQRMVLVWHPHDWDNYHZHURTWQRVW[]DVRUHQLTILO[WURZ
TSP PRYHW WDNYH LVSRO[]RZDW[VT NDN SRND]DWHO[ VRZPHVWLPRVWL GZXK
UD]Q\K VRUWRZ WRSOLZD HVOL SUL VPH>LZDQLL GZXK VRUWRZ WRSOLZD TSP
VPHVLRVWDHWVTQL]NLP?WLVRUWDWRSOLZDVRZPHVWLP\
02.1.5 0HU\SRSUHGXSUHYGHQL#SUREOHPSULUDERWHQD
WTYHORPWRSOLZH
1L]NRNDAHVWZHQQRH WRSOLZR RWULFDWHO[QR ZOLTHW QD L]QRV VURN VOXYE\
GHWDOHMGZLJDWHOTLLQWHUZDO\WHKQLAHVNRJRREVOXYLZDQLT
'OT GRVWLYHQLT PDNVLPDO[QRM ?NVSOXDWDFLRQQRM ?NRQRPLAQRVWL
UHNRPHQGXHWVTSULQLPDW[VOHGX#@LHPHU\
02 - 10
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
D 2JUDQLALW[PDNVLPDO[QX#QHSUHU\ZQX#PR@QRVW[ QD VWRO[NR QD VNRO[NR
SR]ZROT#W XVORZLT ?NVSOXDWDFLL HVOL L]ZHVWQR LOL SUHGSRODJDHWVT AWR Z
WRSOLZHZ\VRNRHVRGHUYDQLHZDQDGLT Z\>HSURPLOOH LQDWULT
E 2JUDQLALW[UDERWXSULQL]NRMQDJUX]NH QD VWRO[NR QD VNRO[NR SR]ZROT#W
XVORZLT ?NVSOXDWDFLL HVOL L]ZHVWQR LOL SUHGSRODJDHWVT AWR Z WRSOLZH
Z\VRNRHVRGHUYDQLHVHU\ Z\>HSRPDVVH XJOHURGD NRNVRZ\MRVWDWRN
SR.RQUDGVRQXZ\>HSRPDVVH LDVIDO[WHQD Z\>HSRPDVVH 1HSUHU\ZQDT UDERWD GZLJDWHOT SUL QDJUX]NH QLYH QRPLQDO[QRM
PR@QRVWLGROYQDRJUDQLALZDW[VTPDNVLPXPADVDPLSXWHPSRZ\>HQLT
QDJUX]NL VZ\>H QRPLQDO[QRJR ]QDAHQLT QD RGLQ ADV SHUHG WHP NDN
SURGROYLW[UDERWXSULQL]NRMQDJUX]NHLOLRVWDQRZLW[GZLJDWHO[
5DERWDGZLJDWHOTQDKRORVWRPKRGX Z\NO#AHQRVFHSOHQLHJODZQRJRGZL
JDWHOT RWNO#AHQ JHQHUDWRUQ\M DJUHJDW GROYQD E\W[ VWURJR RJUDQLAHQD
3URJUHZ GZLJDWHOT EH] QDJUX]NL Z WHAHQLH PLQXW SHUHG SRGDAHM
QDJUX]NL QH WUHEXHWVT L HJR VOHGXHW L]EHJDW[ WDNYH NDN L UDERW\ QD
KRORVWRPKRGXZWHAHQLHEROHHAHPPLQXWSHUHGRVWDQRZNRM
02.1.6 2E@LHUHNRPHQGDFLL
aWRE\SUHGRWZUDWLW[SUREOHP\VZT]DQQ\HVQHVWDELO[QRVW[#LQHVRZPHV
WLPRVW[# VRUWRZ WRSOLZD RVDYGHQLH WTYHO\K VRVWDZOT#@LK WRSOLZD VOHGXHW SR ZR]PRYQRVWL L]EHJDW[ VPH>LZDQLT WRSOLZD L] UD]Q\K
EXQNHURZRAQ\KVWDQFLMHVOLWRO[NRQHL]ZHVWQRGRVWRZHUQRAWRRQRVRZ
PHVWLPR
(VOLZR]QLND#WSUREOHP\VZT]DQQ\HVRVWDELO[QRVW[#LVRZPHVWLPRVW[#
]DSUH@DHWVTGROLZDW[GLVWLOOTWQRHWRSOLZRWDNNDN?WRPRYHWXZHOLALW[
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02 - 16
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
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W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 17
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HVOLRQDLPHHWVT
02 - 18
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
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W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 19
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
02.3
2KODYGD#@DTZRGD
02.3.1 2E@DTLQIRUPDFLT
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02 - 20
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
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W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
02 - 21
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
3HUHAHQ[QDLEROHHUDVSURVWUDQHQQ\KSULVDGRNNRKODYGD#@HMZRGH
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02 - 22
W20/32/46, 32, 32LN
7RSOLZRVPD]RAQRHPDVORRKODYGD#@DTZRGD
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02.4
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¤ Wärtsilä
Corporation
Finland
REQUIREMENTS & OIL QUALITY
Technology
This doc is the property of Wärtsilä Corp. and shall neither be copied, shown or communicated to a third party without the consent of the owner.
Subtitle
Product
Made
Instruction
Wärtsilä 20
Appd.
Revised date: 27.01.2005
Changed by: ILe
1.2.5
11.11.97
05.10.98
AEH / Heikius
Page
Document No
Rev
MVa / Vaarasto
1 (7)
4V92A0665
g
Approved by: JKla / Klemola
D-message No.: 57150
REQUIREMENTS AND OIL QUALITY
SYSTEM OIL REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY FOR WÄRTSILÄ 20 ENGINES
Viscosity
Viscosity class SAE 40
Viscosity Index (VI)
Min. 95
Alkalinity (BN)
The required lubricating oil alkalinity is tied to the fuel specified for the engine, which is
shown in the table below.
FUEL STANDARDS AND LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS
Category
Fuel standard
Lube oil BN
ASTM D 975-94,
GRADE 1D, 2D
A
BS MA 100: 1996
DMX, DMA
10 - 30
CIMAC 1990
DX, DA
ISO 8217: 1996(E)
ISO-F-DMX, DMA
ASTM D 975-94,
GRADE 4D
B
BS MA 100: 1996
DMB
15 - 30
CIMAC 1990
DB
ISO 8217: 1996(E)
ISO-F-DMB
ASTM D 396-94,
GRADE NO 4-6
C
BS MA 100: 1996
DMC, RMA10-RMK55
30 - 55
CIMAC 1990,
DC, A10-K55
ISO 8217: 1996(E)
ISO-F-DMC, RMA10RMK55
D
Crude oil (CRO)
30 - 55
It is recommended to use in the first place BN 50-55 lubricants when operating on heavy
fuel. This recommendation is valid especially for engines having wet lubricating oil sump
and using heavy fuel with sulphur content above 2.0 % mass. BN 40 lubricants can be used
when operating on heavy fuel as well if experience shows that the lubricating oil BN
equilibrium remains at an acceptable level.
BN 30 lubricants are recommended to be used only in special cases, such as installations
equipped with an SCR catalyst. Lower BN products eventually have a positive influence on
cleanliness of the SCR catalyst. With BN 30 oils lubricating oil change intervals may be
rather short, but lower total operating costs may be achieved because of better plant
availability provided that the maintenance intervals of the SCR catalyst can be increased.
Page
Document No
Rev
2 (7)
4V92A0665
g
BN 30 oils are also a recommended alternative when operating on crude oil having low
sulphur content. Though crude oils many times have low sulphur content, they can contain
other acid compounds and thus an adequate alkali reserve is important. With crude oils
having higher sulphur content BN 40 – 55 lubricating oils should be used.
The intervals between lubricating oil changes may be extended by adding oil daily to keep
the oil level constantly close to the maximum level.
An example of BN depletion curve with different BN lubricating oils is shown below.
60
BN Condening limit: 20 mg KOH/g
Oil Volume: 0.6 l/kW (Wet Sump)
Fuel sulphur content: 2.5 w-%
40
20
0
-20
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
SERVICE HOURS
BN 55 Oil
BN 40 Oil
BN 30 Oil
Additives
The oils should contain additives that give good oxidation stability, corrosion protection,
load carrying capacity, neutralisation of acid combustion and oxidation residues and should
prevent deposit formation on internal engine parts (piston cooling gallery, piston ring zone
and bearing surfaces in particular).
Foaming characteristics
Fresh lubricating oil should meet the following limits for foaming tendency and stability,
according to the ASTM D 892-92 test method:
Sequence I:
Sequence II:
Sequence III:
100/0 ml
100/0 ml
100/0 ml
Base oils
Use of virgin base stocks only is allowed, i.e. recycled or re-refined base oils are not
allowed.
Page
Document No
Rev
3 (7)
4V92A0665
g
CONDEMNING LIMITS FOR USED LUBRICATING OIL
When estimating the condition of used lubricating oil, the following properties along with the
corresponding limit values must be noted. If the limits are exceeded, measures must be
taken. Compare also with guidance values for fresh lubricating of the brand used.
Property
Viscosity
Unit
cSt at 40 °C
Limit
max. 25% decrease
max. 45% increase
Viscosity
cSt at 100 °C
max. 20% decrease
max. 25% increase
Water
vol-%
max. 0.30
Base Number
mg KOH/g
min. 20 in HFO operation,
max. 50% depletion in
LFO operation
Insolubles
w-% in n-Pentane max. 2.0
Flash Point, PMCC °C
min. 170
Flash Point, COC
°C
min. 190
Test method
ASTM D 445
ASTM D 445
ASTM D 95 or D 1744
ASTM D 2896
ASTM D 893b
ASTM D 93
ASTM D 92
CHANGE OF LUBRICATING OIL BRAND
In order to minimize the risk of lubricating oil foaming, deposit formation, blocking of
lubricating oil filters, damage of engine components, etc., the following procedure should be
followed when lubricating oil brand is changed from one to another:
• If possible, change the lubricating oil brand in connection with an engine (piston)
overhaul
• Drain old lubricating oil from the lubricating oil system
• Clean the lubricating oil system in case of an excessive amount of deposits on the
surfaces of engine components, like crankcase, camshaft compartment, etc.
• Fill the lubricating oil system with fresh lubricating oil
If the procedure described above is not followed, responsibility of possible damage and
malfunctions caused by lubricating oil change should always be agreed between the oil
company and customer.
APPROVED LUBRICATING OIL QUALITIES FOR WÄRTSILÄ 20 ENGINES
Should unapproved lubricating oils be used during the engine warranty period, and there
exist no agreement with the engine manufacturer about testing, the engine guarantee does
not hold.
GAS OIL AND MARINE DIESEL OIL OPERATION
If gas oil or marine diesel oil is used as fuel, lubricating oils with a BN of 10-25 are
recommended to be used. Also BN 30 lubricating oils included in Table 3 can be used in
gas oil and marine diesel oil fuelled engines.
Page
Document No
Rev
4 (7)
4V92A0665
g
Table 1.
Approved system oils - fuel categories A and B, recommended in the first place in gas oil or
marine diesel oil installations:
SUPPLIER
BRAND NAME
VISCOSITY
BN
BP
Energol HPDX 40
Energol IC-HFX 204
HLX 40
MHP 154
Seamax Extra 40
TLX Plus 204
Delo 1000 Marine 40
Delo 2000 Marine 40
Taro 20 DP 40
Mobilgard ADL 40
Mobilgard 412
Mobilgard 1 SHC
Marbrax CCD-410-AP
Marbrax CCD-415
Marbrax CCD-420
Gadinia Oil 40
MarWay 1040
MarWay SP40
Disola M 4015
Aurelia 4020
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
12
20
12
15
15
20
12
20
20
15
15
15
12
15
20
12
10.6
12
14
20
Castrol
ChevronTexaco
(Caltex + FAMM)
ExxonMobil
Petrobras
Shell
Statoil
Total / Lubmarine
FUEL
CATEG.
A
A,B
A
A,B
A,B
A,B
A
A,B
A,B
A,B
A,B
A,B
A
A,B
A,B
A
A
A
A
A,B
HEAVY FUEL AND CRUDE OIL OPERATION
Today’s modern trunk piston diesel engines are stressing the lubricating oils heavily due to
a.o. low specific lubricating oil consumption. Also ingress of residual fuel combustion
products into the lubricating oil can cause deposit formation on the surface of certain
engine components resulting in severe operating problems. Due to this many lubricating oil
suppliers have developed new lubricating oil formulations with better fuel and lubricating oil
compatibility. The lubricating oils mentioned in Table 2 are representing new detergent/
dispersant additive chemistries and have shown good performance in Wärtsilä engines.
Page
Document No
Rev
5 (7)
4V92A0665
g
Table 2.
Approved system oils - fuel categories C an D, recommended in the first place when
operating on heavy fuel or on crude oil having high sulphur content in order to reach full
service intervals. BN 50-55 lubricating oils preferred in the first place:
SUPPLIER
LUBRICATING OILS WITH IMPROVED
DETERGENT/DISPERSANT ADDITIVE CHEMISTRY
BRAND NAME
VISCOSITY BN
BP
Castrol
Cepsa
ChevronTexaco
(Caltex + FAMM)
Chinese
Petroleum
Corporation
ExxonMobil
Fuchs
Pertamina
Petrobras
Petron
Repsol YPF
Shell
Statoil
Total / Lubmarine
Energol IC-HFX 404
Energol IC-HFX 504
TLX Plus 404
TLX Plus 504
TLX Plus 554
Troncoil 4040 PLUS
Troncoil 5040 PLUS
Ertoil Koral 4040 SHF
Ertoil Koral 5040 SHF
Taro 40 XL 40
Taro 50 XL 40
Delo 3400 Marine 40
Delo 3550 Marine 40
Marilube Oil W 404
Marilube Oil W 504
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
40
50
40
50
55
40
50
40
50
40
50
40
55
40
50
FUEL
CATEG.
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
Exxmar 40 TP 40
Exxmar 50 TP 40
Mobilgard M 440
Mobilgard M50
Titan PSW 40 SAE 40
Titan PSW 55 SAE 40
Martron 440
Martron 450
Marbrax CCD-440
Marbrax CCD-450
Petromar XC 4040
Petromar XC 5540
Neptuno W NT 4000 SAE 40
Neptuno W NT 5500 SAE 40
Argina X 40
Argina XL 40
MarWay 4040
MarWay 5040
Aurelia XL 4040
Aurelia XL 4055
Aurelia XT 4040
Aurelia XT 4055
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
40
50
40
50
40
55
40
50
40
50
40
55
40
55
40
50
40
50
40
55
40
55
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
C,D
Page
Document No
Rev
6 (7)
4V92A0665
g
Table 3.
Approved system oils - fuel categories A, B, C and D. Lubricating oils with BN 30 included
in Table 3 are designed to be used when operating on crude oil with low sulphur content (<
1 % w/w) and in special cases when operating on heavy fuel, e.g. in installations equipped
with an SCR catalyst.
SUPPLIER
BN 30 LUBRICATING OILS WITH IMPROVED
DETERGENT/DISPERSANT ADDITIVE CHEMISTRY
BRAND NAME
VISCOSITY
BN
BP
Castrol
Cepsa
ChevronTexaco
(Caltex + FAMM)
Chinese
Petroleum
Corporation
ExxonMobil
Pertamina
Petrobras
Petron
Shell
Statoil
Total / Lubmarine
Energol IC-HFX 304
TLX Plus 304
Troncoil 3040 PLUS
Ertoil Koral 3040 SHF
Taro 30 DP 40
Delo 3000 Marine 40
Marilube Oil W 304
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
FUEL
CATEG.
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
Exxmar 30 TP 40
Mobilgard M 430
Martron 430
Marbrax CCD-430
Petromar XC 3040
Argina T 40
MarWay 3040
Aurelia XL 4030
Aurelia 4030
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
SAE 40
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
Before using a lubricating oil not listed in Tables 1-3, the engine manufacturer must be
contacted. Lubricating oils that are not approved have to be tested according to engine
manufacturer’s procedures.
APPROVED LUBRICATING OILS FOR ABB VTR-TURBOCHARGERS
SPECIAL LOW FRICTION SYNTHETIC OILS: CHANGE INTERVAL: 1500 hours
(ABB’s List 2b)
MANUFACTURER
BRAND NAME
VISCOSITY VISCOSITY VI
cSt at 40 °C cSt at 100
°C
Shell
Corena AP 68
68
8.5
94
Page
Document No
Rev
7 (7)
4V92A0665
g
SPECIAL LOW FRICTION SYNTHETIC OILS: CHANGE INTERVAL: 2500 hours
(ABB’s List 3b)
MANUFACTURER
BRAND NAME
VISCOSITY VISCOSITY VI
cSt at 40 °C cSt at 100
°C
Agip
Dicrea SX 68
71.6
10.5
134
BP
Enersyn TC-S 68
68
8.5
98
ChevronTexaco
Cetus PAO 68
68
10.3
138
(Caltex + FAMM)
Castrol
Aircol SR 68
68
10.5
142
ExxonMobil
Compressor Oil RS 68
67
10
135
Rarus SHC 1026
66.8
10.4
144
SHC 626
69.9
10.9
147
Shell
Corena AS 68
67.8
10.1
145
Total / Lubmarine
Barelf SM 68
73.8
11.4
147
LUBRICATING OILS FOR GOVERNOR / ACTUATOR
An oil of viscosity class SAE 30 or SAE 40 is suitable and usually the same oil can be used
as in the engine. Turbocharger oil can also be used in the governor. In low ambient
conditions it may be necessary to use a multigrade oil (e.g. SAE 5W-40) to get a good
control during start-up. Oil change interval: 2000 service hours.
LUBRICATING OILS FOR STARTING MOTOR
According to starting motor manufacturer Tech Development Inc., the following lubricating
greases are approved to be used.
LUBRICATING GREASES FOR STARTING MOTOR, TDI 45M and T50-P
MANUFACTURER
BRAND NAME
NYE Lubricants
Rheolube 377AL
Wärtsilä
Technology Oy Ab
Finland
,167$//$7,210$18$/
This doc is the property of Wärtsilä Technology and shall neither be copied, shown or communicated to a third party without the consent of the owner.
Subtitle
Product
Made
09.10.1998
KJi / HPH / Hanstén
Page
Document No
Rev
Cooling Systems
20, 32, 46, 64,
34SG, 32DF,
50DF
Appd.
12.10.1998
EFl / Fontell
1 (4)
4V92A0765
c
Revised date: 10.1.2003
Changed by: Kji /ILe
Approved by: VJn / Nurminen
D-message No.: 43058
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Raw water quality to be used in the closed cooling water circuits of engines has to meet the following
specification.
3URSHUW\
/LPLW
pH
Hardness
Chlorides
Sulphates
min. 6.5
max. 10 °dH
max. 80 mg/l
max. 150 mg/l
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S.A. Arteco N.V.
Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 2
B-9052 Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium
GE Betz Europe
Interleuvenlaan 25
B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
GE Betz
4636 Somerton Road
Trevose
PA 19053, United States
Drew Ameroid Marine Division
Ashland Chemical Company
One Drew Plaza
Boonton, NJ 07005, USA
Havoline XLi
Houseman Ltd
The Priory, Burnham
Slough SL1 7LS, UK
Kuwait Petroleum (Danmark) AS
Hummetoftveij 49
DK-2830 Virum, Denmark
CorrShield NT 4293
CorrShield NT 4200
DEWT-NC powder
Drewgard 4109
Liquidewt
Maxigard
Vecom CWT Diesel QC-2
Cooltreat 651
Q8 Corrosion Inhibitor Long-Life
0DQXIDFWXUHU
$GGLWLYHQDPH
Maritech AB
Box 143
S-29122 Kristianstad, Sweden
Nalco Chemical Company
One Nalco Centre
Naperville, Illinois
60566-1024 USA
Nalfleet Marine Chemicals
PO Box 11
Winnington Avenue, Northwich
Cheshire, CW8 4DX, UK
Rohm & Haas
La Tour de Lyon
185, Rue de Bercy
75579 Paris, Cedex 12, France
RRS-Yhtiöt
Pieksämäentie 398A
77570 Jäppilä, Finland
Tampereen Prosessi-Insinöörit Oy
Keisarinviitta 22
33960 Pirkkala, Finland
Texaco Global Products, LLC
1111 Bagby
Houston, TX 77002
TotalFinaElf
Diamant B, 16, rue de la République
92922 Paris La Défense Cedex, France
Unitor ASA
P.O. Box 300 Skøyen
N-0212 Oslo, Norway
Vecom Holding BV
PO Box 27
3140 AA Maassluis, The Netherlands
Marisol CW
Page
Document No
Rev
2 (4)
4V92A0765
c
Nalco 39 (L)
Nalcool 2000
Nalcool 2000
Nalfleet EWT 9-108
Nalfleet CWT 9-131C
RD11
RD11M
RD25
Korrostop KV
Ruostop XM
Havoline XLi
WT Supra
Dieselguard NB
Rocor NB liquid
Cooltreat AL
Vecom CWT Diesel QC-2
In order to prevent corrosion in the cooling water system, the instructions of right dosage and
concentration of active corrosion inhibitors should always be followed. The information can be found
in the table below.
3URGXFWGHVLJQDWLRQ
Corrshield NT 4293
CorrShield NT 4200
DEWT-NC powder
Drewgard 4109
Liquidewt
Maxigard
Cooltreat 651
'RVDJHSHUPñRI
&RQFHQWUDWLRQRIDFWLYHFRUURVLRQ
V\VWHPFDSDFLW\
LQKLELWRU
10 litres
670 – 1000 ppm as NO2
3 – 4.5 kg
16 – 30 litres
8 – 12 litres
16 – 30 litres
5 litres
1500 – 2250 ppm as NO2
640 – 1200 ppm as NO2
470 – 700 ppm as NO2
640 – 1200 ppm as NO2
800 ppm as NO2
3URGXFWGHVLJQDWLRQ
Page
Document No
Rev
3 (4)
4V92A0765
c
'RVDJHSHUPñRI
&RQFHQWUDWLRQRIDFWLYHFRUURVLRQ
V\VWHPFDSDFLW\
LQKLELWRU
50 – 100 litres
1.6 - 3.2 w-% of active compounds
measured with a supplier’s refractometer
1000 – 2000 ppm as NO2
550 - 1200 ppm as NO2
1000 - 1500 ppm as NO2
1000 - 1500 ppm as NO2
1000 - 1500 ppm as NO2
120 - 150 ppm as Mo
1250 ppm as NO2
710 ppm as Mo
120 ppm as Mo
1.6 - 3.2 w-% of active compounds
measured with a supplier’s refractometer
1.6 - 3.2 w-% of active compounds
measured with a supplier’s refractometer
1500 ppm as NO2
1500 ppm as NO2
1.6 - 3.2 w-% of active compounds
measured with a supplier’s refractometer
1500 - 2500 ppm as NO2
Q8 Corrosion Inhibitor
Long-Life
Maricol CW
Nalco 39 (L)
Nalcool 2000
Nalfleet EWT 9 - 108
Nalfleet CWT 9 - 131C
Korrostop KV
RD11 (RD11M)
RD25
Ruostop XM
Havoline XLi
8 – 16 litres
16 - 36 litres
32 - 48 litres
2.2 - 3.4 litres
8 - 12 litres
20 – 25 litres
5 kg
50 litres
20 litres
50 - 100 litres
WT Supra
50 - 100 litres
Dieselguard NB
Rocor NB Liquid
Cooltreat AL
2 - 4.8 kg
10 - 24 litres
50 – 100 litres
Vecom CWT Diesel QC-2
6 - 10 litres
1RWH)RUVRPHSURGXFWVWKHUHFRPPHQGHGPLQLPXPDQGPD[LPXPOLPLWV
DUHOLVWHGLQWKHWDEOHDERYH6LQFHWKHDPRXQWRIDFWLYHFRUURVLRQLQKLELWRUV
HVSHFLDOO\QLWULWHVLVGHFUHDVLQJGXULQJWKHVHUYLFHRIHQJLQHVWKHHQJLQH
PDQXIDFWXUHUUHFRPPHQGVWRVWDUWWKHGRVDJHIURPWKHXSSHUOHYHO
Note 2: The nitrite content of nitrite-based cooling water additives tends to
decrease in use. The risk of local corrosion increases substantially when
nitrite content goes below the recommended limit.
$33529('&22/,1*:$7(575($70(176<67(06
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As an alternative to the approved cooling water additives, the Elysator cooling water treatment
system can also be used. The Elysator protects the engine from corrosion without any chemicals. It
provides a cathodic/anodic protection to engine’s cooling water system by letting magnesium anodes
corrode instead of the engine itself. Raw water quality specification is the same as in connection with
cooling water additives. More information in document 4V92A1322.
The Elysator can be a sensible alternative in installations where the environmental factors are
considered important.
Page
Document No
Rev
4 (4)
4V92A0765
c
The installation, operation and maintenance instructions of the manufacturer should always be
followed. The contact information can be found in the table below.
6XSSOLHU
7UHDWPHQWV\VWHP
International Watertreatment Maritime AS Elysator
N-3470 Slemmestad
Norway
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2
3
4
5
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201159R9601
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A
340
12
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
350
0
5LV
201169R0119
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11 - 4
WÄRTSILÄ 20
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1
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-0.320
-0.640
/ 30
5LV
201161R9418
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11 - 5
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11 - 6
WÄRTSILÄ 20
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832 002
861 153
861 159
861 157
861 159
5LV
RAZBORKA
1. Nawernutx cilindry wru^nu@.
2. Prisoedinitx [langi, otkrytx
klapan. Zatqnutx cilindry
wru^nu@.
201167R0119
6 3RGVRHGLQLW[>ODQJLJLGUDZOLAHVNRJRQDVRVD L Z\SROQLW[
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4. Zakrytx klapan, podnqtx dawlenie.
5. Otkrytx gajku priblizitelxno
poloborota.
6. Otkrytx razgruzo^nyj klapan,
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
9 3RZWRULW[WXYHRSHUDFL# RSLVDQQX#Z\>HVZHUKQLPLJDMNRM
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11 - 8
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
11 - 9
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11 - 10
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
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SBORKA
1. Nawernutx gajki, prisoedinitx
raspornye wtulki. Nawernutx
cilindry wru^nu@.
2. Prisoedinitx [langi, otkrytx
klapan. Zatqnutx cilindry
wru^nu@.
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Hydraulic oil
3. Zakrytx klapan i nagnetatx
dawlenie do zadannogo zna^eniq.
4. Nawernutx gajki do plotnogo
prileganiq k powerhnosti.
5. Otkrytx klapan i snqtx
prisposoblenie.
WÄRTSILÄ 20
11 - 11
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
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2012559326
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
12 - 3
*RORZNDEORNDFLOLQGURZVNODSDQDPL
0RQWDYJRORZNLFLOLQGUD
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
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2
3
4
a
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
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2012580306
12 - 5
12.3
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2012529312
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2012549313
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2012569805
12 - 7
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3212558935
WÄRTSILÄ 20
32-200142
Ispytanie germeti^nosti cilindrow
Appendix A
12.A. Ispytanie germeti^nosti cilindrow
12.A.1
Ispytanie
Dlq prowerki germeti^nosti cilindrow i klapanow movno ispolxzowatx
instrument.
Prime^anie! Prowerku sleduet prowesti nemedlenno posle ostanowki dwigatelq.
1 Perewesti por[enx w WMT (wse klapana zakryty) w prowerqemogo
cilindre.
12.A.1.1 Podsoedinenie instrumenta dlq Wärtsilä 20/32 i
Vasa 32
1 Podsoedinitx instrument (848020, Wärtsilä 20), (800064, Wärtsilä
32), (848020, Vasa 32) k otkrytomu indikatornomu klapanu. Prodolvitx po
razdelu 12.A.1.4.
12.A.1.2 Podsoedinenie instrumenta dlq Wärtsilä 34SG
1 Snqtx kry[ku, katu[ku zaviganiq i udlinitelx swe^i zaviganiq i
drugie neobhodimye detali i uzly. Sm. razdel 12.2.
2 Snqtx swe^u zaviganiq, ustanowitx raspornu@ wtulku 3V84H85
(848052) s uplotnitelxnym kolxcom i zatqnutx do ukazannogo momenta.
3 Podsoedinitx manometr i blok klapana k raspornoj wtulke.
4 Ustanowitx instrument (848020) na kry[ku cilindra. Prodolvitx
soglasno razdelu 12.A.1.4.
12.A.1.3 Podsoedinenie instrumenta dlq Wärtsilä 32DF
1 Snqtx forsunku so swqzannymi s nej trubami. Sm. razdel 12.2.
2 Ustanowitx raspornye wtulki 3V84H85
(848061) s neobhodimymi uplotneniqmi.
(848052)
i
2V84H97
3 Podsoedinitx manometr i blok klapana k raspornym wtulkam.
4 Ustanowitx instrument (848020) na kry[ku cilindra. Prodolvitx
soglasno razdelu 12.A.1.4.
Wärtsilä 20/32/34
12A- 1
Appendix A
Ispytanie germeti^nosti cilindrow
32-200142
Ustrojstwo dlq ispytaniq germeti^nosti cilindrow
WÄRTSILÄ 20, 848020
WÄRTSILÄ 32, 800064
VASA 32,
848020
4
5
WÄRTSILÄ 34SG, 848020
4
6
3
0
9
0
10
10
5
6
7
3
8
1
9
1
4
7
2
8
WÄRTSILÄ 32DF, 848020
6
3
7
2
5
2
8
9
1
0
10
848 052
848 052
848 061
Fig A-1
321260200142
12.A.1.4 Izmerenie
1 Podwesti k ustrojstwu svatyj wozduh pod dawleniem 6-7 bar
(=normalxnoe rabo^ee dawlenie wozduha). Otkrytx klapan ustrojstwa dlq ispytaniq
i zaregistrirowatx dawlenie.
2 Zakrytx klapan. Izmeritx wremq w sekundah, trebu@]eesq dlq padeniq
dawleniq do 0,5 bar.
· Esli perwona^alxnoe dawlenie bylo 6 bar i dlq ego padeniq do 0,5 bar
trebuetsq 10 s, rezulxtat priemlem.
· Esli dawlenie nemedlenno padaet do 0 bar, odin ili neskolxko klapanow
zakliniwa@tsq ili klapan(a) podgorel(i).
Zakliniwa@]ijsq klapan movno opredelitx po ego nepodwivnosti pri
wra]enii dwigatelq.
Podgorew[ij klapan movno obnaruvit po temperature wyhlopnyh gazow.
Esli klapannyj zazor nolx, \to takve wyzywaet nemedlennoe padenie
dawleniq.
· ~asticy ugleroda, zastrqw[ie mevdu klapanom i sedlom wo wremq ostanowki
dwigatelq, takve mogut prepqtstwowatx nadevnomu zakrywani@ klapana,
wyzywaq tem samym nemedlennoe padenie dawleniq. Esli estx podozreniq w
\tom, dwigatelx sleduet prognatx w te^enie neskolxkih minut i zatem wnowx
proweritx tot ve cilindr.
· Esli estx podozrenie prorywa gazow mevdu cilindrom i por[nem,
naprimer, iz-za bystrogo zabiwaniq filxtrow ili wysokogo dawleniq w
kartere dwigatelq, lu^[e wsego snqtx pokazaniq po wsemu dwigatel@ i
srawnitx.
Naprimer, esli dlq [esticilindrowogo dwigatelq polu^aetsq seriq: 12,
17, 15, 4, 19 i 18 sekund.
|to pokazywaet, ^to cilindr £4 wyzywaet podozrenie prorywa gazow.
12A- 2
Wärtsilä 20/32/34
32-200142
Ispytanie germeti^nosti cilindrow
Appendix A
Rezulxtat movet bytx podtwervden proslu[iwaniem zwukow ute^ki w
kartere w processe ispytaniq.
· Esli ime@]eesq wremq dostato^no dlq pereborki li[x odnogo por[nq,
rekomenduetsq razobratx dlq osmotra i prowerki por[enx s naihud[imi
rezulxtatami w otno[enii prorywa gazow. Prowerka sluvit osnowoj dlq
ocenki ob]ego sostoqniq dwigatelq.
· Prowodq powtornoe ispytanie cilindra posle pereborki, wozmovno
nabl@datx bystroe padenie dawleniq. Pri^inoj \tomu sluvit to, ^to
prirabotka por[newyh kolec e]ë ne proizo[la.
Prime^anie! W processe ispytaniq dolven rabotatx nasos predwaritelxnoj
proka^ki maslom.
Prime^anie! Walopoworotnoe
ispytaniq.
· W
ustrojstwo
dolvno
bytx
wkl@^eno
ob]em slu^ae mesto nahovdeniq ute^ki
proslu[iwaniem pri otkrytom wozdu[nom klapane.
movno
wo
wremq
ustanowitx
Wnimanie! Ob]ee sostoqnie dwigatelq opredelqetsq s pomo]x@ ispytatelxnogo
ustrojstwa. Odnako, bolee wavnymi qwlq@tsq zaregistrirowannye
\kspluatacionnye dannye.
Pereborki dolvny proizwoditxsq ^erez rekomenduemye interwaly
tehobsluviwaniq, a te tolxko, kogda ispytanie dawleniem
obnaruviwaet silxnyj proryw gazow.
Wärtsilä 20/32/34
12A- 3
Appendix A
12A- 4
Ispytanie germeti^nosti cilindrow
32-200142
Wärtsilä 20/32/34
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6LVWHPDZSU\VNDWRSOLZD
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WÄRTSILÄ 20
6LVWHPDZSU\VNDWRSOLZD
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RSUHGHOTHWVTRS\WRP?NVSOXDWDFLLGDQQRMXVWDQRZNLVPJODZ\L
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VLVWHP\DWDNYHL]PDVOTQRJRRKODGLWHOTLILO[WUD2ALVWLW[NDUWHU
LPDVOTQ\MSRGGRQSRGKRGT@HMWNDQ[# QHKORSADWREXPDYQ\PLRW
KRGDPL 2ALVWLW[JODZQ\MLFHQWUREHYQ\MILO[WU\
5HNRPHQGXHWVTVHSDULURZDQLHPDVODRVREHQQRSULUDERWHGZLJDWHOT
QDWTYHORPWRSOLZHVPJODZXUD]GHO
3UL UDERWH VR VPD]RAQRM VLVWHPRM WUHEXHWVT VREO#GHQLH
LVNO#ALWHO[QRMALVWRW\*UT][PHWDOOLAHVNLHADVWLANLLWSPRJXW
SULALQLW[ VHU[j]Q\H SRZUHYGHQLT SRG>LSQLNRZ 3UL GHPRQWDYH
WUXERSURZRGRZ LOL GHWDOHM VLVWHP\ ]DNU\ZDMWH ZVH RWZHUVWLT
]DJOX>NDPLOLSNRMOHQWRMLOLALVW\PLWUTSNDPL:RZUHPTKUDQHQLT
L WUDQVSRUWLURZNL PDVOD SULQLPDMWH PHU\ SR SUHGXSUHYGHQL#
SRSDGDQLTZQHJRJUT]LLSRVWRURQQLKZH@HVWZ3UL]DOLZNHPDVOD
SRO[]XMWHV[VHWNRM
18.3
0DVOTQ\MQDVRV
2SLVDQLH
1DVRV>HVWHUHQADWRJRWLSD:NRUSXVQDVRVDZVWURHQNRPELQLURZDQ
Q\M XSUDZOT#@LMSUHGRKUDQLWHO[Q\M NODSDQ ,VSRO[]XHWVT >HVW[
RGQRWLSQ\KEURQ]RZ\KSRG>LSQLNRZ1DUXYQDTVPD]NDQHWUHEXHWVT
.U\>NDXSORWQTHWVTXSORWQLWHO[QRMPDVWLNRM
C2
18 - 3
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
1DVRVPD>LQQRJRPDVOD
5LV
201864R0101
'HPRQWDY
1 6QTW[LRVPRWUHW[UHJXOLUX#@LMNODSDQ VRJODVQR
UD]GHOX
2 6QTW[SULYLPQX#SODVWLQX RWNUXWLZZLQW\NUHSOHQLT 3 6QTW[>HVWHUQ# QH SRO[]XTV[ NDNLPOLER LQVWUXPHQWRP
(VOLVQTWLH>HVWHUQL]DWUXGQHQRPRYQRSRVWXADW[PTJNLPPRORWNRP
)ULNFLRQQ\HNRO[FHZ\H?OHPHQW\VQLPD#WVTZPHVWHV>HVWHUQHM
18 - 4
C2
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
,VSRO[]RZDQLHVBjPQLNDWRO[NRSRZUHGLWZDO SURGRO[Q\HULVNL .RQWURO[Q\MRVPRWU
1 3URZHULW[VRVWRTQLHZVHKGHWDOHMZRWQR>HQLLLKL]QRVD
JODZDUD]GHO L]DPHQLW[L]QRVLZ>LHVT
2 6QTW[L]QR>HQQ\HSRG>LSQLNL Z\WDONLZDT LK L] PHVW XV
WDQRZNLVSRPR@[#SRGKRGT@HMRSUDZNL
3 8VWDQRZLW[QRZ\HSRG>LSQLNL UHNRPHQGXHWVT
SUHGZDUL
WHO[QRH]DPRUDYLZDQLH WDNAWRE\RQLQDKRGLOLV[QDWUL PPQLYH
ZWXONLLXURZQTNRUSXVDVP5LV6OHGLW[]DWHPAWRE\VPD]RAQ\H
NDQDZNLSRG>LSQLNRZ E\OLUDVSRORYHQ\SUDZLO[QRVRJODVQR5LV
4 3URZHULW[GLDPHWUSRG>LSQLND SRVOHPRQWDYD3URZHULW[RVH
ZRM]D]RU>HVWHUjQ VPJODZXUD]GHO 6ERUND
1 3HUHGVERUNRMW@DWHO[QRZ\ALVWLW[ZVHGHWDOL
2 3HUHGXVWDQRZNRM>HVWHUQL VOHGXHWZ\ALVWLW[LVPD]DW[PDV
ORPZVHNRQWDNWQ\HSRZHUKQRVWL
3 8VWDQRZLW[QDPHVWRIULNFLRQQ\HNRO[FD )ULNFLRQQ\HNRO[FDXVWDQRZLW[ZWRAQRVWLWDNYHNDNSRND]DQRQD
5LV)ULNFLRQQ\HNRO[FDGROYQ\OHJNRZVWDW[QDPHVWRLQH
GROYQ\]DHGDW[
8VWDQRZND>HVWHUQL
5LV
201855R9319
4 8VWDQRZLW[QDPHVWRSULYLPQX#SODVWLQX
5 6OHJND]DWTQXW[ZLQW\ L SURZHULW[ SUDZLO[QRVW[ SRORYHQLT
>HVWHUQL
C2
18 - 5
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
6 =DWTQXW[ZLQW\GRPRPHQWD VRJODVQRJODZH
7 (VOL>HVWHUQT E\OD]DPHQHQD SURZHULW[ RNUXYQRM ]D
]RUVQTZNU\>NX
8 8VWDQRZLW[QDPHVWRNU\>NLQDVRVD
3ULPHADQLH
:WXONL VP5LVGROYQ\SULYLPDW[VTNU\>NRMSRVOHGQLH
PLQVERUNLSRVOHQDQHVHQLTJHUPHWLNDQDNRUSXV
9 8VWDQRZLW[QDPHVWRWUXE\
18.4
.ODSDQUHJXOLURZDQLTGDZOHQLTPDVODL
SUHGRKUDQLWHO[Q\MNODSDQ
2SLVDQLH
.ODSDQUHJXOLURZDQLTGDZOHQLTZVWURHQZNRUSXVPDVOTQRJRQDVRVDL
UHJXOLUXHWGDZOHQLHPDVODQDZKRGHGZLJDWHOTRWZRGTL]E\WRNPDVOD
VRVWRURQ\QDJQHWDQLTQDVRVDQHSRVUHGVWZHQQRZNDUWHU
.ODSDQUHJXOLURZDQLTGDZOHQLT
5LV
18 - 6
201876R90025
C2
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
7UXED VRHGLQHQD V UDVSUHGHOLWHO[Q\P NROOHNWRURP GZLJDWHOT Z
NRWRURPSRGGHUYLZDHWVTSRVWRTQQRHGDZOHQLHQDGZLJDWHOTKUDER
WD#@LKVSRVWRTQQRMADVWRWRMZUD@HQLT_WRGDZOHQLHZR]GHMVWZXHW
QDUHJXOLUX#@LMSRU>HQ[ DSUXYLQD UDVWTJLZDHWVTXUDZQR
ZH>LZDT?WRXVLOLHSUL]DGDQQRPGDZOHQLL7DNLPREUD]RPZUDVSUH
GHOLWHO[QRP NROOHNWRUH SRGGHUYLZDHWVT SRVWRTQQRH GDZOHQLH
QH]DZLVLPRRWZHOLALQ\GDZOHQLTQDQDJQHWDWHO[QRMVWRURQHQDVRVDL
SHUHSDGDGDZOHQLTZVLVWHPH3XWHPUDVWTYHQLLSUXYLQ\SROXADHWVT
EROHHZ\VRNRHGDZOHQLH HVOLRQRVOL>NRPPDOR (VOL SR NDNLPOLER SULALQDP GDZOHQLH Z QDJQHWDWHO[QRM WUXEH
UH]NR ZR]UDVWDHW QDSULPHU L]]D ]DVRUHQLT VLVWHP\ >DULN RWNURHWVTLSURSXVWLWPDVORQDUHJXOLUX#@LMSRU>HQ[ 3UL?WRP
NODSDQVUDERWDHWNDNSUHGRKUDQLWHO[Q\M
2EVOXYLZDQLH
1 'HPRQWDYSRGZLYQ\KGHWDOHM 3URZHULW[ LK QD RWVXWVWZLH
L]QRVDL]DPHQLW[QRZ\PLL]QRVLZ>LHVTLOLSRZUHYGjQQ\H
2 7@DWHO[QRSURALVWLW[NODSDQ
3 3URZHULW[AWRE\QLNDNLHGHWDOLQH]DHGDOL SUL VERUNH L V
NU\>NRMPDVOTQRJRQDVRVDXVWDQRZOHQQRMQDNRUSXVQDVRVD
C2
18 - 7
18.5
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
0DVOTQ\MUDGLDWRU
2SLVDQLH
2KODGLWHO[ SDTQQRJR SODVWLQADWRJRWLSD3ODVWLQADW\MRKODGLWHO[
VRVWRLWL]RSUHGHOHQQRJRALVODWHSORREPHQQ\KSODVWLQVSDTQQ\MZ
RGLQX]HOEH]XSORWQLWHOHM
0DVOTQ\MRKODGLWHO[
1. Plastin^atyj teploobmennik
2. Awtomati^eskij filxtr
3. Bok maslqnogo holodilxnika
4. Kry[ka termostatnogo
GTN na konce priwoda
GTN na swobodnom konce
klapana NT kontura
5. Kry[ka termostatnogo
klapana masla
6. Probka osu[eniq sistemy
7. Probka osu[eniq sistemy
NT wody
5LV
201873R0025
2E@HHREVOXYLZDQLH
1 2ALVWLW[LLVS\WDW[KRORGLO[QLN SRGGDZOHQLHPJLGUDZOLNRMV
SHULRGLAQRVW[#VRJODVQRJODZHLOLSULWHQGHQFLLNAUH]PHUQRPX
SRZ\>HQL#WHPSHUDWXU\PDVOD
2 :RGTQX#VWRURQXPRYQRRALVWLW[ GHPRQWLURZDZRKODGLWHO[V
GZLJDWHOT
3 3ULRALVWNHZVHJGDSURZHUTW[RWVXWVWZLHNRUUR]LL L
SROQTW[JLGUDZOLAHVNRHLVS\WDQLH
Z\
(VOLSUHGSRODJDHWVTSURWHNDQLHZRG\ZVPD]RAQRHPDVORWHSORRE
PHQQLNVOHGXHWLVS\WDW[SRGGDZOHQLHPLOL]DPHQLW[
18 - 8
C2
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
5D]ERUNDLVERUNDRKODGLWHOT
D
2VWRURYQR
5D]ERUND
1 2WNU\W[VSXVNQRMNODSDQ LVOLW[PDVORL]PDVOTQRJREORND
6REO#GDW[RVWRURYQRVW[SULGHPRQWDYHWHSORREPHQQLND1HVPRWUT
QDVOLZZNRUSXVHZVHJGDRVWDHWVTQHNRWRURHNROLAHVWZRPDVODLZRG\
2 6OLW[ZRGTQX#VWRURQX QDVWRO[NRQDVNRO[NR?WRQHREKRGLPR
E
3 2WNUXWLW[ZLQW\NUHSOHQLTSODVWLQADWRJRWHSORREPHQQLND L
VQTW[SODVWLQADW\MWHSORREPHQQLNVPDVOTQRJREORND
6ERUND
1 3URZHULW[ALVWRWXLRWVXWVWZLHFDUDSLQ QD
QLWHO[Q\KSRZHUKQRVWTK
ZVHK
XSORW
2 8VWDQRZLW[QDPDVOTQ\MEORNNRO[FHZ\HXSORWQLWHOL
LVSRO[]RZDW[QRZ\HNRO[FHZ\HXSORWQLWHOL
3 8VWDQRZLW[SODVWLQADW\MWHSORREPHQQLN QDPDVOTQ\MEORN
4 =DWTQXW[ZLQW\NUHSOHQLTSODVWLQADWRJRWHSORREPHQQLND
2ALVWNDPDVOTQRMVWRURQ\
2E\AQR PDVOTQDT VWRURQD ]DJUT]QTHWVT QH]QDALWHO[QR 6 GUXJRM
VWRURQ\ ZR]PRYQRH ]DJUT]QHQLH PRYHW RAHQ[ VLO[QR ZOLTW[ QD
?IIHNWLZQRVW[RKODGLWHOT
,]]DNRQVWUXNFLLWHSORREPHQQLNDHJRQHZR]PRYQRRALVWLW[PH
KDQLAHVNLL]QXWUL1HERO[>LH]DJUT]QHQLTPRYQRXGDOLW[SURGXZNRM
WHSORREPHQQLNDSDURP
3UL ]QDALWHO[Q\K ]DJUT]QHQLTK VOHGXHW LVSRO[]RZDW[ KLPLAHVNLH
ALVWT@LHUDVWZRU\LPH#@LHVTZSURGDYH
`HORAQ\HREH]YLULZD#@LHVUHGVWZD
3ULJRGQ\GOTRE\AQRJRREH]YLULZDQLTRGQDNRQH?IIHNWLZQ\GOT
JXVW\KYLUQ\KRWORYHQLM>ODPDLQHIWTQRJRNRNVD2EH]YLULZD#@HH
VUHGVWZRZVHJGDVOHGXHWPHGOHQQRZOLZDW[ZJRUTAX#ZRGXLQLNRJGD
QDRERURW3RVOHREUDERWNLW@DWHO[QRSURSRORVNDW[ZRGRM
8JOHZRGRURGQ\HUDVWZRULWHOL
:NO#AD#W>LURNLMVSHNWURWOHJNLKQHIWHSURGXNWRZGRKORULURZDQQ\K
XJOHZRGRURGRZQDSULPHUWULKORU?WLOHQ_WLVUHGVWZDWUHEX#WSUL
REUD@HQLL RVRERM RVWRURYQRVWL SRVNRO[NX RQL LVNO#ALWHO[QR
OHWXALHWRNVLAQ\HLOLQDUNRWLAHVNLH
5DVWZRUT#@LH?PXO[VLL
6LO[Q\H ]DJUT]QHQLT QDSULPHU QHIWTQRM NRNV ADVWR PRJXW E\W[
XGDOHQ\WRO[NRVSRPR@[#WDNLK?PXO[VLM:SURGDYHLPHHWVTQHVN
RO[NRPDURNWDNLK?PXO[VLM
C2
18 - 9
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
'OT SROXAHQLT OXA>LK UH]XO[WDWRZ VOHGXHW VREO#GDW[ LQVWUXNFLL
L]JRWRZLWHOHM
2ALVWNDZRGTQRMVWRURQ\
2ALVWNX VOHGXHW Z\SROQTW[ WDN AWRE\ QH SRZUHGLW[ HVWHVWZHQQ\M
]D@LWQ\MVORMZWHSORREPHQQLNH
7ZHUG\HRWORYHQLTZSODVWLQDKQDSULPHUNDUERQDWNDO[FLTPRYHW
XGDOTW[VTKLPLAHVNLPVSRVRERPVLVSRO[]RZDQLHPLPH#@LKVTZSUR
GDYH VUHGVWZ 3RVOH REUDERWNL ?WLPL VUHGVWZDPL WHSORREPHQQLN
VOHGXHW SURSRORVNDW[ L SUL QHREKRGLPRVWL REUDERWDW[ UDVWZRURP
QHMWUDOL]X#@LPRVWDWNLPR#@LKVUHGVWZ:RVWDO[QRPQHREKRGLPR
VOHGRZDW[XND]DQLTPL]JRWRZLWHOT
18.6
7HUPRUHJXOLUX#@LMNODSDQ
2SLVDQLH
5LV
201874R0101
0DVOTQDTVLVWHPDRERUXGRZDQDILNVLURZDQQ\PWHUPRUHJXOLUX#@LP
NODSDQRPXVWDQRZOHQQ\PQDPDVOTQRPEORNH
7HUPRUHJXOLUX#@LMNODSDQGOTVPD]RAQRMVLVWHP\
1D5LVSRND]DQNODSDQZ]DNU\WRPSRORYHQLL VSUDZD .RJGD
WHPSHUDWXUDSUHZ\>DHWQRPLQDO[QRH]QDAHQLHVRGHUYLPRH?OHPHQWD
UDV>LUTHWVTLSHUHPH@DHWNODSDQNVHGOXWDNLPREUD]RPSURSXVNDT
ADVW[PDVODAHUH]RKODGLWHO[_WRSHUHPH@HQLHSURGROYDHWVTGRWHK
SRUSRNDQHEXGHWGRVWLJQXWD]DGDQQDTWHPSHUDWXUDVPHVLPDVOD
18 - 10
C2
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
3RPHUH]DJUT]QHQLTRKODGLWHOTWHPSHUDWXUDSRZ\>DHWVTQDQHVN
RO[NRJUDGXVRZAWRVRZHU>HQQRQRUPDO[QRSRVNRO[NXGOTQHNRWRURJR
SULRWNU\WLT NODSDQD SR]ZROT#@HJR XZHOLALW[ SRWRN PDVOD AHUH]
RKODGLWHO[QXYQRRSUHGHOHQQRHSUHZ\>HQLHWHPSHUDWXU\
3RWRNPDVODZWHUPRUHJXOLUX#@HPNODSDQH
5LV
201868R0008
2EVOXYLZDQLH
2E\AQR NODSDQ QH WUHEXHW REVOXYLZDQLT 3ULALQRM AUH]PHUQRJR
SRQLYHQLT LOL SRZ\>HQLT WHPSHUDWXU\ PDVOD PRYHW E\W[ QHLV
SUDZQRVW[WHUPRUHJXOTWRUDRGQDNRZERO[>LQVWZHVOXADHZSRZ\>HQLH
WHPSHUDWXU\Z\]ZDQR]DJUT]QHQLHPRKODGLWHOT
1 6OLW[PDVORL]PDVOTQRJREORND
2 'HPRQWLURZDW[WHUPRUHJXOLUX#@LM?OHPHQW VQTZNU\>NX LZ\QXZGHUYDWHO[?OHPHQWD 'OTL]ZOHAHQLTGHUYDWHOT?OHPHQWD
VOHGXHWLVSRO[]RZDW[ZLQW\ 0 M8 * >=25mm
3 3URZHULW[AXZVWZLWHO[Q\M?OHPHQW SXWHPPHGOHQQRJRQDJUH
ZDQLTZZRGH3URZHULW[WHPSHUDWXUXSULNRWRURM?OHPHQWQDALQDHW
RWNU\ZDW[VTLSULNRWRURMRQSROQRVW[#RWNU\W=QDAHQLTXND]DQ\QD
VDPRP WHUPRUHJXOLUX#@HP ?OHPHQWH L SULZHGHQ\ Z JODZH 0HQ[>HH]QDAHQLHXND]\ZDHWWHPSHUDWXUXRWNU\WLTERO[>HH„WHP
SHUDWXUXSULNRWRURMNODSDQSROQRVW[#RWNU\W
4 =DPHQLW[QHLVSUDZQ\M?OHPHQW 3URZHULW[NRO[FHZ\HXSORW
QLWHOL L SUL QHREKRGLPRVWL ]DPHQLW[ 1DQHVWL XSORWQLWHO[QX#
PDVWLNXQDXSORWQTHP\HSRZHUKQRVWLPHYGXNU\>NRM LPDVOTQ\P
EORNRP
C2
18 - 11
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
$ZWRPDWLAHVNLMPDVOTQ\MILO[WU
18.7
2SLVDQLH
)LO[WUSROQRWRAQRJRWLSDWHZHV[SRWRNPDVODSURWHNDHWAHUH]ILO[WU
6WUHONDPLQD5LVSRND]DQRSURWHNDQLHPDVODAHUH]ILO[WU\
:QDADOH PDVOR SURKRGLW AHUH] ZSXVNQRM IODQHF L WXUELQX Z
QLYQ##ADVW[VZHAHZ\KILO[WURZ aDVW[SRWRNDRNRORSUR
KRGLWAHUH]FHQWUDO[QX#VRHGLQLWHO[QX#WUXEX ZZHUKQ##ADVW[
VZHAHZ\KILO[WURZ_WRR]QDADHWAWRPDVORSURWHNDHWAHUH]VZHAHZ\H
ILO[WU\VRERLKNRQFRZL]QXWULQDUXYXLERO[>DTADVW[ADVWLFJUT]L
]DGHUYLZDHWVTZQXWULVZHAHM2WILO[WURZDQQRHWDNLPREUD]RPPDVOR
]DWHPSURSXVNDHWVTAHUH]]D@LWQ\MILO[WU QDZ\KRGILO[WUD
0DVOTQ\MILO[WU
1. Turbina
2. Stoqk filxtra
3. Centralxnaq soedinitelxnaq
truba
4. Za]itnyj filxtr
5. {esteren^atyj reduktor
6. {esternq
7. Promywo^nyj patrubok
8. Pormywo^naq wtulka
9. Rezxbowaq probka
10. Kry[ka
11. Perepusknoj klapan
12. Rezxbowaq probka
13. Pormywo^nyj wal
14. Kry[ka
15. Koncewaq [ajba
16. Donnaq [ajba
5LV
201869R9937
_QHUJLT SRWRND ZUD@DHW WXUELQX XVWDQRZOHQQX# QD ZSXVNQRP
IODQFH:\VRNDTVNRURVW[ZUD@HQLTWXUELQ\SRQLYDHWVTAHUZTAQRM
SHUHGDAHMVRVWRT@HML]AHUZTND L>HVWHUQL GRVNRURVWL
WUHEXHPRMGOTZUD@HQLTSURP\ZQRMORSDWNL 18 - 12
C2
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
7HSHU[RWGHO[Q\HVZHAHZ\HILO[WU\SRVOHGRZDWHO[QRVRHGLQT#WVT
V DWPRVIHURM SRVUHGVWZRP QHSUHU\ZQR ZUD@D#@HMVT SURP\ZQRM
ORSDWNL SURP\ZQRMZWXONL LVRSOD 2WILO[WURZDQQRH PDVOR SURKRGLW AHUH] RWZHUVWLT RSWLPDO[QRJR
UD]PHUDZZHUKQHM]DNU\ZD#@HMSODVWLQH VZHUKXQDRWGHO[Q\H
VZHAHZ\H ILO[WU\ 3ROXAD#@LMVT ZLKUHZRM SRWRN Z SURGRO[QRP
QDSUDZOHQLLVZHAHZ\KILO[WURZ REUDWQRHSURP\ZDQLHSRSHUHAQ\P
SRWRNRP L SURWZRSRORYQ\M SRWRN REUDWQRJR SURP\ZDQLT AHUH]
VZHAHZ\HILO[WU\SULZRGLWNRVREHQQR?IIHNWLZQRPXLGOLWHO[QRPX
GHMVWZL#REUDWQRJRSURP\ZDQLT
3RQLYHQQRHGDZOHQLHZQXWULVZHAHZ\KILO[WURZZRZUHPTSURFHVVD
REUDWQRJR SURP\ZDQLT VRHGLQHQQ\K V FHQWUREHYQ\P ILO[WURP L
SRZ\>HQQRHGDZOHQLH UDERAHHGDZOHQLH VQDUXYLVZHAHZ\KILO[
WURZVR]GDHWZVWUHAQ\MSRWRNAHUH]VHWNXVALVWRMVWRURQ\ILO[WUD
AHUH]JUT]QX#VWRURQXILO[WUDQDFHQWUREHYQ\MILO[WU
(VOL SR NDNLPOLER SULALQDP VZHAHZ\H ILO[WU\ SHUZDT VWXSHQ[
ILO[WURZDQLT SHUHVWD#WDGHNZDWQRRAL@DW[VTSHUHSXVNQ\HNODSDQ\
RWNU\ZD#WVT SUL SHUHSDGH GDZOHQLT EDU L Z\>H L PDVOR
ILO[WUXHWVT WRO[NR AHUH] ]D@LWQ\M ILO[WU ZWRUDT VWXSHQ[
ILO[WURZDQLT 2GQDNRSUHYGHAHPZR]QLNQHWWDNDTVLWXDFLTXVWDQRZOHQQ\MLQ
GLNDWRUSHUHSDGDGDZOHQLTZ\GDVWSUHGXSUHGLWHO[Q\MVLJQDOSHUH
SDGDGDZOHQLT SHUZ\MNRQWDNW 3RVOH?WRJRGROYQDE\W[QDMGHQDL
XVWUDQHQDQHLVSUDZQRVW[
(VOLSUHGXSUHYGHQLHQHEXGHW]DPHAHQRZ\GDHWVTDZDULMQ\MVLJ
QDOZWRU\PNRQWDNWRPLQGLNDWRUDSHUHSDGDGDZOHQLT
:WDNRMDZDULMQRMVLWXDFLLILO[WUPRYHWUDERWDW[WRO[NRRAHQ[
NRURWNRHZUHPT RWNU\W\HSHUHSXVNQ\HNODSDQ\LSUHGXSUHYGHQLHR
UD]QRVWLGDZOHQLT 'OLWHO[QDTUDERWDZWDNRPUHYLPHPRYHWSUL
ZHVWLNSRZUHYGHQL#GHWDOHMUDVSRORYHQQ\KSRVOHILO[WUD
3HUHSXVNQ\H NODSDQ\ ]DNU\W\ SUL QRUPDO[Q\K UDERALK XVORZLTK
GDYHZRZUHPTSXVNDSULQL]NRMWHPSHUDWXUHYLGNRVWL
2EVOXYLZDQLH
2VPRWU\ L REVOXYLZDQLH GDYH DZWRPDWLAHVNLK ILO[WURZ GROYQ\
Z\SROQTW[VTUHJXOTUQR
,VNO#ALWHO[QRZDYQRSRPQLW[AWRQHVPRWUTQDSRVWRTQQRHREUDW
QRHSURP\ZDQLHVHWNLPRJXWVWHAHQLHPZUHPHQL]DELZDW[VTZ]DZLVL
PRVWLRWNDAHVWZDYLGNRVWL
'OT WRJR AWRE\ REHVSHALW[ EH]RWND]QRH IXQNFLRQLURZDQLH SUL
REVOXYLZDQLLGROYQ\XALW\ZDW[VTVOHGX#@LHDVSHNW\
1 3URZHUTMWHILO[WULVRHGLQHQLTQDRWVXWVWZLHXWHAHN
2 :\SROQTW[ZL]XDO[Q\MRVPRWU ZVHKVZHAHZ\KILO[WURZVOHGXHW
HYHJRGQR
:QLPDQLH
C2
(VOL SUHZ\>HQLH SHUHSDGD GDZOHQLT SURLVKRGLW UDQ[>H QHRE
KRGLPRSURZHULW[ZVHVZHAHZ\HILO[WU\ L]D@LWQ\MILO[WU LSULQHREKRGLPRVWLRALVWLW[VZHALLOL]DPHQLW[LK
18 - 13
6PD]RAQDTVLVWHPD
6LO[QR ]DJUT]QHQQ\M ]D@LWQ\M ILO[WU XND]\ZDHW QD GOLWHO[QX#
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