English ― Proto-Celtic English Proto-Celtic (*curly) hair *gourjo- (be) quiet *tauso- (be)for(e) *φari(-)kʷenn-ī (good) omen *kailā- (??) (hind)quarter (?) *kʷetr-anī(-) (?) (night)mare *moro- (on) the day after tomorrow *trimo-dijo- (?) (out) of *sā- (??) (sea-)harbour *kaφno- (shining?) *Alauno- (the) one (who(m)) *sālV- (verbal noun ending) *-ī-mā- (water?) snake *natrik- (who/what)soever *kʷinnako- (??) (young) animal *lutno- (?) *battle-leader *ioudo-walo- *border *roi-no- *coastland *φlitawjā- *cut (?) *skanto-; *sken-tr- *having no clan *an-kʷlanno- (?) *heap (?) *tus-tV- (Gall., B), *teus-t- (W, B) *run *-reto- *story (kastu-) *taking *nomo- (or ghost??) 12 June 2002 Page 1 of 145 English Proto-Celtic ? *breuko- ? *kid-e/o- (?) ? *werbā- ± Britanny *φari-morikā- a kind of axe *nedimo- (?) a kind of fish *ateli- (???) a kind of malt *draskā- (?) a kind of metre *kom-kan-jā- a kind of tree *krobjo- a third *trijano- (?) abode *trīko- abundance *wolgo- (?) abundant *dī-gand-īko- according to *φari-wid-V accuse *kom-soud-e/o- (?) achieve *said- (??) acorn *messu- action, deed *waxto-ratā- (?) additional name *wor-anman- additional work *wor-od-ber-o- adhere *glinā- adjacent island *φrāk-initsV- (?) admit, confess *ad-dam-e/o- advice *kom-kor-o- afraid *obn-āko- again *ati- 12 June 2002 Page 2 of 145 English Proto-Celtic again *ati-exs-reg-e/o- against *ande- against *writ(i) age *aiwestu- age *aiwito- age *saitlo- agile *ambi-skamno- (?) agile *kallo- agile *su-reti- agitate *ambi-φleud-je/o- (?) agony *glaistā- (?) agriculture *aro- ahead (?) *(?) φrāko- air *weto- alas *wai (?) alder *alisā alder *roummi- alder *werno-, *wernā- ale-house *kurmi-tegos- all *oljo- all *sollo- all, every *kʷākʷo- allow *dam-je/o- Alps *Albeies (??) also *semiti- although *kei, *ki (?) 12 June 2002 Page 3 of 145 English Proto-Celtic amber *webru- amount *ambito- (?) and *kʷe and, but, also ? anger *baran- anger *barjo- (?) anger *kādo(s)- anger *kuno-darijā- (?) anger *lūto- anger *wergā- anger *wi-s- (??) angry *blungo- (?) angry *dīko- angry *kād-at-īko- (?) angry, hostile *φikto- anguish *angu- (?) animal *mīlo- animal *ruppo- (?) ankle *sφeret- answer *ati-skʷā- answer ? ant *morw- anus *ānjā- anus *ribrā- anus *tuknā-, *tūkno- anus, rectum *kuzdro- 12 June 2002 Page 4 of 145 English Proto-Celtic anvil *ande-bni- (?) anvil *andiwan- (??) anxiety *ambi-kel-jo- (?) appease *tu-soud-e/o- (?) apple *aballo- apple *abalo- apple-orchard *aballon- approach *kerk- (??) ardour *brutu- ardour *grat-jo- arm *aramo- arm *dous- Armorica *φlitawjā- armoured gladiator *kruppelo- (??) armpit *katsal-ī-, -o- (?) army *korjo- army *slougo- arrange, notice *mert- arrangement *φlātro- arrive, happen *swar-e/o- (?) article *sindo-, *-ā- artist *sa(φ?)iro- as *ken (??) as *samalV- as *sweswe (?) as far as *kom-sit-ouno- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 5 of 145 English Proto-Celtic as far as ? ash *onno- ash *φoulwan- (?) ashes *loutwi- ask (*gʷed-) ask (*φerk-, φrek-) ask *āl-je/o- ask *beg-e/o-, *bex-ske/o- (??) ask *gʷed-je/o- ask *kom-φar(x)-ske/o- ask *tek-e/o- ask *wo-menndh-e/o- (?) ask *writ-kom-φar(x)-ske/o- ask *φarsk-e/o- ask *φeri-jāl-āje/o- aspen *aittVlinā- (??) assemble *kom-datl-āje/o- assembly *datlu- (?) assembly *φari-xtā- (??) assembly(-hall) *datlo-tegos- attach *tu-dī-mi-na- attaching *(ande-)stād-(ī-tu-?) attain *kaφ-e/o- augur *kailjāko- (?) aunt *mātṛkʷā- authority (?) *φro-sed-o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 6 of 145 English Proto-Celtic autumn (*before winter) *kento-gijamo- autumn (*bellowing of stags) *sido-bremo- avoid *Wo-xel- (PBr.) < PCl. *? awake *dī-suφn-āje/o- away *awa- / *au? awl *minaweto- (, -ī-) (?) awl *taratro- axe *bejali- axe *tougā- axe *tkslo- axillary yoke *kasegilo- jugo- (??) axis *aksi- axle *aksilā- babbler - (LW < Lat.) baby *makʷ(kʷ)-agno- back *dru(t)sman- (?) back *kebno- back *kegino- (??) back *kūlo- back, belly *tarxsā- (?) back, skin *krokkenno- back, skin *krokno- backwards *sw(φ)oino- (??) bacon *saldi- bad *druko- bad *elko- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 7 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bad *wallo- bad *waxto- (??) bad reputation *druko-garjo- badger *brokko- bag *bolgo- bait *lixto- bake *krast-āje/o- (?) baker *kʷokʷ-er- (?) bakery *kʷokʷo-tegos- bald *mai-lo- bald *mailo- bald *φari-moilo- baldness *mailjā- ball *glāwo- (?) ball of yarn *kartiljā- (?) ban *banno- (LW??) band *rego- (??) band, army *budīnā- (?) band, host, family *kordā- bank *or-iro- (??) bank *oro- banner *mergjā- (?) bard *bardo- bare, bald *lomb(a)ro- (?) bare, naked *lummo- bark (kom-)sart-e/o- (??)- 12 June 2002 Page 8 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bark *rūsko- barnacle goose *geg(u)rannā- (?) basket *korajet- (?) basket *krīφo- (??) basket *meistV- (??) (LW?) basket, hurdle *kistā- bath *lowatro- bath *uφo-tronketu- (?) bathe *bād-je/o- bathe *trokk- battle *gliwo- battle *kom-bāgo- battle *kom-bī-to- (?) battle *kom-katu- battle *tretso- (?) battle-field *agro-magos- battle-hero *katu-wiro- battle-host *katu-slougo- battlehound *agro-kū battle-king *katu-rīgjā- (?) battle-lord *katu-walo- be *bewa-, bū- be *bwā- be *ei- be *es- be able *gal-ne/o- 12 June 2002 Page 9 of 145 English Proto-Celtic be able *med-e/o- (?) be able *swent-e/o- (?) be dark (*teme-) be empty (*wak-) be powerful (wala-)* be sharp (*ak-) be stiff (*ster-) be strong (*dewa-) be strong (*kewa-, *kū-) be useful (*bawa- (?)) be warm (*kela- (?)) be, stay (*wes-) bear *arto- bear *matu- bear (child) *gan-je/o- beard *grandā- (?) beard *φuluko- (?) beat (*kewa-) beat *durn-āje/o- beat *koudo- beat violently *φlang-se/o- beautiful *ad-/φari-jūn- (?) beautiful *kaini- beautiful *kouno- beautiful *mik-ro- beautiful *su-kʷritu- 12 June 2002 Page 10 of 145 English Proto-Celtic beauty *skeimā- beaver *bebro- beaver, dwarf *abanko- because of *φeri beckon *ambi-nat-je/o- (?) become pale *glast-āje/o- bed *leg-jo- bed *legos- bed *lexto- bed *wo-leg-jo- bedfellow *kom-wo-lig(j)o- (?) bee *beko- bee (*stinger) *wan-injo- beech *bāgos beer *kurmen- (?) beetle *dwoilo- (?) beetle *swīlā- (?) before *ate-gnatV (??) before *φar(a) before *φrimo- (?) before (Br. king) *φreimo- beforehand *φarostāti- (?) beg for *ari-mi-n-dn-e/o- (?) begin ? beginning of summer *kintu-samīno- behead *dī-kʷenn-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 11 of 145 English Proto-Celtic being *buti- belief *kred(d)-ā- belief *φari-sestā- believe *kred-dī- bell *klukko-, klukkā- bellows *makīnā- bell-tower *klukko-tegos- bell-tower *klukko-tegos- belly *brun- (??) belt *krisso- belt *wrak-istu- (?) bend *lak-ā- bend *stoummā- bend *wekk- (?) bend down *(exs-)stong-e/o- (?) bend in a river *kamb-atsu- benefit *su-koro- bent *anko- berries *smijaro- (?) berry *derkos- berry *kairā- besides *exstero- besides *sekʷos betony (Stachys betonica) *dant-āko- better *wello- between *enter 12 June 2002 Page 12 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bewilderment *an-dī-mik-et-o- (?) beyond *φeri- beyond, also *eti beyond; says *ol- (??) bier *gelorā- (?) big *maginjāko- (Ir.), *magino- (G.) big *magjo- big vessel *gri/ennā- (PBr.) (?) bilberries *louts-ā- (?) billhook *ser(φ)-ro- bill-hook *widu-bijo- (?) bind (*ned-) bind (*snad-) bind (*wed-) bind *dam-n-a- bind *kulVm-āje/o- (?) bind *nad-ske/o- bind *rig-e/o- (?) bind *φoklo- binding *lekkā- (??) birch *betwā- bird *alaudā- ? bird *φetno- bird *φetro- birth *britu- (?) birth *geno-, genjo- 12 June 2002 Page 13 of 145 English Proto-Celtic birth *sutu-; su-kā birthpangs *φidon- bite *bos(s)man- (?) bite *en-brexto- bite *gresman- (?) bite *knā-je/o- bite *tand(s)man- bitter *gorsti- (?) bitter *swerwo- bittern *bunno- bitterness *swerwjā- black *luko- blackberry *dress- (?) blackbird *meisalko- blackness *dubjā- blackthorn *dragino-, -ā- blame (*leid-) blame *karjā- blame *kʷin-u- (?) blame *lok- (?) blameless *dī-nammo- (??) blanket-like garment *ka/inteklV- (??) blind *ando-, *ondjo- ? blind *dwallo- blister *werbā- (?) blood *kruwos- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 14 of 145 English Proto-Celtic blood *waito- blood pudding *wait-āk-injā- bloody (*krewa-) blot, erasure *linom (?) blow (*wī-) blow *swit-e/o- (?) blue thing (?) *glasīnā- (?) blunt, short *mutt- boar *basedo- (??) boar (pig) *turko- boardgame *widu-kʷeillā- (??) boar-spear *sukko-wo-gaiso- (?) boat *kukko- (?) boat *kuruko- boat (made from bark) *luxtaro- (?) boat?? *kʷonton- (?) bog *gron(s)nā- (?) bog *maukni- (??) bog *mūkVno- bog *φanā- boil *berw-o- boil *brenn(j)e/o- (?) bold *trexsno- bone *askorno- bone *knāmi- book *bargo- (LW?) 12 June 2002 Page 15 of 145 English Proto-Celtic booty of weapons *wodwo- border *krīkʷā- border *mrogi- border sign *mitastu- (?) bore (*neg- (?)) bore (*tera-) bore *treid- (?) borer *akwīl(l)o- (?) bosom *askrijā- (??) bottom *wail-ot- (?) bow (*le(n)k- (?)) bow (*nem-) bow (*wag-) box *kappo- brag, boast *ande-blād-je/o- bragget *brak-āto- brain *eni-kʷenni- brambles *drits-i- (?) branch *gabalu- (?) branch *kankī- branch *wriskī- (?) brass *elVt-n- (?) brave *dreuto- (/drouto-) brave *katarno- brave, splendid *dego-wiro- (?) bread *ar(-akno)- 12 June 2002 Page 16 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bread *φani- break (*bris-) break (*drus-) break *blad-e/o- (?!?) break *breg- (?) break *brist-e/o- (?) break *brū-wāje/o- (?) break *bung-e/o- break *mad-je/o- (?) (sic) break *torx-s-e/o- break in pieces *darn-āje/o- break wind *brag-e/o- breast *brondjo-, brondā- (or -u- (?)) breast *φuxtu- breath *anatlā- breath *atkā- breath *awelo- breath *sφuφnā- (???) breathe (*ana-) breathe (*sφes- (??)) breathe (?) (*dū-) bridge *brīwā- (?) bridle *glomaro- bright *belo-, beleno- (?) bright *jes-t-īn-o- (?) bright *luko- 12 June 2002 Page 17 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bright *tu-ati-ganī- (?) bright *φlandi- (?) bright? *reilo- brine *sal-ī- bring *brunk-e/o- (?) bring *duk-e/o- bring *nan(n)k-e/o- bring along *kom-wed-e/o- bring forward (*φera-) bristle *wrikku- (??) Britain *Albion- brood *φaglo- brood *φesalo- ? broom-coloured *banatl-āko- broth *(φ?)littjon- broth *juto- (??) brother *brātīr brow *bruwi- (?) brow *malag- (?) brown *dunno- buck *agīko- buck *agos- (Ir.), *ag-l- (W) buck *bukko- buds *bakl- (??) build (*dema-) building *egl-jā- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 18 of 145 English Proto-Celtic bull *ander-īko- bull *ot-jon- (?) bull *tarwo- bundle *dra(g)smo- (-ā-?) bundle *grendjo- (?) bur *dog-jo- (?) burden *baskjā- (?) burden *baskjo- (Br.), *basko- (Ir.) burden *berto- burden *kuφlā- (???) burial mound *wert-jo- burn (*id-) burn (*kend-) burn (*teφ-) burn *daw-je/o- burn *kond-(ei)e/o- (?) burn *lo(x)-ske/o- (?) burn *lo(x)-sk-o- (?) burn *wo-losk-e/o- (?) burnt; burning *lo(x)-sk-et-īko- (?) bury *ande-klad-e/o- bury *φell- bush *(s)tombo- bush *weido-gwalo- (?) bush, hedge *kʷerkʷ-t- (?) but *sakenV (??) 12 June 2002 Page 19 of 145 English Proto-Celtic butter *amban- buttocks (/rump) *getto- (*gesdo- ??) buy (*kʷera-) buy *kʷrina- buy back *tu-ati-kʷrina- buzz *swer-njo- (?) by *φari- cake, bread *bargo-, barginā- calendar of religious festivals *weil-er-jo- (?) calf *loigo- (??) call *gal-e/o- (?), *gal-we/o- call *gar(s)man- call *gāri- caltrop (*seed of battle) *katu-sīl-V- calving *al-ā- cane *kāno-, konnallo- (?) < Lat. cape *(φ)rind-o- (?) cape *kʷenno-rindo- (?) captivity *kaxto-nāto- car *karro- car *kʷol-ō care *maro- (??) care *wo-kom-sreto- (??) care for *u(φ)o-kel-e/o- care? *kʷritero- (?) carpenter's tool *kantairV- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 20 of 145 English Proto-Celtic carry *ber-e/o- carry *uφo-ber-e/o- carrying *gestu- (?) carted manure *karro-talī- (?) carve *snad-e/o- (?) carving; carved *nad-o- cat *katto-, *kattā- catapult *blībo- cattle *bousso- cattle *wor-tek-o- (?) cattle *φ(e)ku caught, servant *kaxto- causeway *starno- cave *augā- cave *lonko- (?) cave *wo-kubā- cave *wo-kumā- (?) ceremony *demātā- (?) chaff *muldo- (???) chain *ad-rigo- (Ir., Br.), *ad-reigo- (W) chain *bragi- chain *gemelo- (?) chain *kom-rigo- chain *kom-rigo- (Ir., B), *kom-reigo- (W) chain *sīmo- (?) chain *sīnu- / -o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 21 of 145 English Proto-Celtic chain *weiman- chain, band *reig-sman (W), *roig-sman (B) chalk *ai(d)-lo- (?) change *kambjo- change, exchange *new-īto- (?) chariot *en-sedo- chariot-warrior *erret- (?) chase *tarb-e/o- chaste *wei(φ?)lo- (?) cheek *aili- cheek *bukkā- (< Lat.?) cheek *leto-kʷenno- cheek *likkon- (?) chew (*ma(n)d- (?)) chicken *jaro- (?) chicken *k(ʷ)erk(ʷ)ā- chieftain *wo-sal-jaxto- (?) chilblain *malasdr-ī- (???) child *genti- (?) childbed *wo-legjo-butā- (qPCl.) childless *an-makʷo- chin *alikettā- (??) chin *smekā- chin, cheek *groudos- chirping *gro- (??) choice *dī-gustu- 12 June 2002 Page 22 of 145 English Proto-Celtic choice *tu-gustu- choose (*wel-) choose *dī-exs-glend-e/o- choose *gus- choose *gust-(e)je/o- (?) choose *rog- choose *tu-gus-e/o- churn *boud-ajā- (?) circle *kerk-injo- circle *kerkinn- (?) circle *kuro- (?) civilised *gworo- clamour *der-der-je/o- claw *krobV- (??) clay *kʷreid-, *kʷrīd- (?) clean *glano- clean *kart-āje/o- clean *kīro- clean *nixto- cleaning (noun) *φūnakā- clear *gleino- clear *glouro- (?!?) clear *gnā-wo- (?) clear *kʷebro- (??) clear *regli- clear *swalnestu- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 23 of 145 English Proto-Celtic clear *φari-derk-i- clear (?) *kragi- (??) clearing *jalo- clearing *land-erkā- (??) cleft *bulko-, -ā- cleft, rift *bernā- (?) clever *glikki- (?) climb *drang- (??) climb up *exs-reg-e/o- cloak *bratto- (?) cloak *tonakā- (?) cloak *φlinnā- close *klāw-je/o- (?) close *kom-akusā- (?) cloth *bretto- (?) clothe *ambi-tog- clothe *φen- (?) clothes *dī-(?) clothes *warto- clothes *wīs-kā- < PIE *ēs-kā- clothes (gown) *uφo-ouno- (?) cloud *moudo- cloud *neglo- (??) clover *malxjon- (?) coal *(φ)riketti- (???) coal *glouwo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 24 of 145 English Proto-Celtic coal *goglo- coarse woollen blanket or mantle *sago- cock *kaljāko- cockle *krokenā- cold *ande-wit-o- (??) cold *ouxto- cold *Vuro-, *airo- (???) cold *egino- (?) colour *līwo(s)- colourful *mrixto- colourfully flecked *mrikko- coltsfoot *alanno- comb *kī(n)srā- comb, card *krīkʷ-āje/o- (?) come *tu-ag-e/o- come *tu-ag-e/o- come *tu-ret-e/o- come from *sam-bū- come to life again *ati-biw- comfort (?) *dī-don-a- (?) command *wor-kom-mendn-o- (?) common *dīs-kiro- (??) common borage *glatsino- community *kom-buti- companion *keiljo- company *kom-mannV- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 25 of 145 English Proto-Celtic company *kom-wex-tijo- (?) compassionate *trougo-karo- complete *leiri- (?) completely *sindV kowokantV (?) completely naked *ambi-noxto- conceal *kel-e/o- concealment *koud-jato- (?) concealment *koudo- concubine *φarikā- (?) conference *kom-datlā- conference *kom-labaro- conflict *kom-snīmo- (?) conflict? *tu-φari-mi(x)-sk-o- confluence *kom-bero- confusion *mrixto-reto- congeal *brisk- congealed *tenk-to- / *tank-to- (?) consider *wo-kʷeislā-je/o- consider, look after *kʷrit-er-āje/o- (?) consideration *kom-kʷeislā- contract *ambi-buti- conversation *kansti- conversation *kom-rādo- conversation *kom-φro-dano- (?) cook *ber-wa/o- cook *kʷekʷ- 12 June 2002 Page 26 of 145 English Proto-Celtic cooked meat *wo-luxtu- (?) cooked, hot *kʷekʷ-to- copper *omjo- (?) copse *kʷrestjo- copulate *rīt-i-je/o- cord *segno- (?) cordial, generous *sag-elo- (?) corner *kurro- < *kurso- (?) corner, recess *kūlī- (?) cough *kʷasto- count *rīme/o- (?) counter-strike *φrit-gʷani- (?) counter-swear *writ-tung-e/o- country name *Brittā- cover *(kom-)tou(V)to- cover *kombo- cover *teg-e/o- (?) cover *tog-eje/o- cover *togo-, etc. cover *wali- (?) cover *wo-log-o- cover *wor-tog(j)o- cow *bou- cow *bou-φku- (?) cow *damo- coward *ati-wiro- 12 June 2002 Page 27 of 145 English Proto-Celtic coward *lubro- cow-pen *bou-gorto- (?) cow-shackle *bou-rigo- (?) cow-stable *bou-tegos- crab *krankko- (??) craft *kerdā- crane *garanu- (-o-?) crawl *sel-e/o- crawl *slikʷ-e/o- (?) cream *soimeno- (?) crooked *kambo- crooked *krumbo- crooked *kukro- (or *kVuro-(?)) crooked *weiro- crop, produce *knuto- cross *lei-ko- crossing *φritu- crow *ennākā- (?) crow *grawV- crow *krowo- (?) crow *sφrawā- crow *tetrVrjā- (?) crown (St.: diadem, wreath) *mindi- (/*mendi-?) crust *krauφennā- (?) cry *brexsmi- (??) cry *eig- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 28 of 145 English Proto-Celtic cry *gri-tu- cry *kei-e/o- (?) cry *koin-je/o-, *kein- (?) cry *krigā- cry *nouslo- (?) cry *rekman- (?) cry *skrizdā- cry *waidu- (?) cuckoo *kouko-, kukā- cultivated (*ploughed) land *φolkā- cunning *kelgā- curds *grutu- curl *krikso- (?!?) curly *krikso- curve *worko- (??) custom *beisso- (?) custom *nomso- cut *ati-ben-a- cut *kerbbo- (?) cut *ske(i)-je/o- (?) cut *skrits-e/o- cut *skut-ā- cut *tamna-(j)e/o- cut *tend-e/o- (?) cut *truk-s-e/o- cut down *kom-bi-n-a- 12 June 2002 Page 29 of 145 English Proto-Celtic cut, bite *tu-exs-sek-e/o- damage *ari-kom-wed-e/o- damage *koldo- danger, illness *gustu- dare *(t)lam-je/o- (?) dare *bedg- (???) < *besg-??? dark (*akʷ-) dark *an-drixtā- dark *gor(s)mo- dark *mutro- dark *temeno- dark blue *dubo-glasto- dark brown *keiro- dark, black *dubu- darkness *grVu(s)man- darkness *temelo- (?) daughter *eni-genā- (?) daughter *genet(t)ā- daughter *merkā- daughter-in-law *wo-sed-ī- daughter-in-law *wo-wādu- (??) dawn *bārego- (??) dawn *wāsri- day *din- day *diwjo- (?) day *diwo- 12 June 2002 Page 30 of 145 English Proto-Celtic day *lat- dead *marwo- deaf *budaro- (?) dear *dreuto- / *drouto-, *drūto- dear *karo- (?) dear *koimo- dear *su-kar-o- death *(uxs-)sterb- death *anku- death *bato- death *belatu- death *dīto- death *kel(j)o- (?) death *lexto- death *melgo- debt *weiko- decay *mrato- deceit *dī-berg-o- deceit *mrato- deceit *teillo- (?) deceit *welo-, wello- deceive (*wel(a)- (?)) deceive *lug- deception *kloφni- 2 deception *mangā- decorate (*kad-) 12 June 2002 Page 31 of 145 English Proto-Celtic decorated *kadro- deep *dubno-, *dubni- deer *dan-ī- (??) deer *el-lant-ī- (?), *el-an-ī deer *jurko- / *jorko- (?) deer *karwo- defame *kā(k)n-je/o- (?) defecate *kakk-āje/o- defence *φar(i)-??nekʷo- defend *aw-je/o- (?) defend *dī-exs-ber-e/o- defend *tū-(tu-) degrees of consanguinity *axsā- (??) deictic particle *ī dem pronoun *se-, *so- dem pronoun *sjo- (??) dem pronoun *sou-(no-) denial *wot-o- (?) deny *wot-(ej)e/o- (?) deposit *ati-nu- (??) depraved *mallo- deprive *dī-ad-ber-e/o- depth *ati-/ari-sweitsV- (??) depth *dubno-tero- descendant *-gno- descendant *trog-o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 32 of 145 English Proto-Celtic descendant, child *-agno- descendants *kʷlan(n)tā- (?) desert *dī-trebo- deserve *dlig-e/o- deserve *ell-je/o- (?) deserve *tu-(φro-)slī-je/o- deserve *tu-(φro-)slī-je/o- desire (*swad- (?)) desire *baisto- (?) desire *klanī- (?) desire *uφo-menāko- desire, enjoyment *meino- desirous, eager *swant-āko- despise *dī-ro-mik-e/o- destroy *dī-bag-sage/o- (?) destruction *koll-at-īk-axtā- detach (*men-) detach *skart-āje/o- dew *wlix-to/i- die (*bela-) die *ad-bal-e/o- die *ba-e/o- die *bal-e/o-, bal-le/o- [sic] die *tam-e/o- die away *de-da- dig (*reu-) 12 June 2002 Page 33 of 145 English Proto-Celtic dig *klad-je/o- dig *kʷal-e/o- dim *demi- dirt *lowano- (?) dirt *mudso- (?) dirt *salwo- dirt *smalo- dirt; anger *brokkV- / *brukko-, -ā- (?) dirty (*mewa-) dirty *s(φ??)urbo- dirty *sal-āko- dirty *salos- (?) dirty (?) *bautro- (?) disappear *(t)lob- (??) disappear *swend- (?) disappear *ten-we/o- disarranged *an-kom-wari- (?) disgust *grgni- (?) disgust *litsu- dishonour *meblo- disposition, temperament *danto- distaff *kokalī- (?) distributing *-danos ditch *klādo- ditch *klado-, klādo- dive *sād-eje/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 34 of 145 English Proto-Celtic diver (cormorant) *mori-brano- (sic?) division *kom-randā- (?) do *wrag-ā- (?) dock plant (Rumex sp.) *tawālo- doctor *lī(φ)agi- (??) dog *kwū, *kun- dog-head *kuno-kʷenno- dolphin (*sea-pig) *mori-mukko- dolphin (*sea-pig) *mori-sukkā- door *durā- door *uφer-dworestu- (,-ustu- ?) door *wor-dworutsā- (?) door, gate *dworestu- (?) double *dwei-φlo- dough *taisto- dove *kolombo- (or < Lat.?) dowry *ari-kom-brou- (?) drag *lou-sk-e/o- (?) dragging *lousk-o- dream *broxd-īti- (Br.), -ro- (Ir.) (??) dress *tlaxto- dress *wīs-kā-je/o- dried cow-dung *glāw-ato- (??) drink *degu- (?) drink *dī-ātV- drink *φib-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 35 of 145 English Proto-Celtic drink *φotlo- drip *snig-e/o- (?) drip, flow *si-l-e/o- (?) dripping *snoudo- drive (*lā-) drive *(and(a)-)agni-s drive *ag-e/o- drive *swend-e/o- (?) drive *φloud-eje/o- (?) driver (of vehicle) *reid(ārjo)- driving (cattle) *gerrjo- (?) drop *bannjā- (?) drop *druxtu- drop *nembi- / *nambV- ? drop *φargo-, *φargjo- (?) drop, flow *dī-ber-e/o- druid *derwo-wid- (?) druid *druwid- drunk *medwo- drunk *mesko- dry *krasto- (?) dry *siskʷo- duck *sei(φ/j)ato- (?) due *dīro- dumb *an-φlabro- dumb *bata- 12 June 2002 Page 36 of 145 English Proto-Celtic dung *kagVlo- (?) dung *sal- dunk (*mrek-) dunk *tumb-e/o- dust *φolwo- (??) duty, goal *adilo- dwarf elder *odoko- dwelling *ad-rostu- (??) dwelling *wo-retsu- (?) dwelling-place *adVbV- (??) dwelling-place *ande-sed-ā- (?) eager *tu-mentV- eagle (*ero-) eagle *eruro- ear *ausos- ear *kloustā- ear of grain *dejastā- (?!?) earth *dijarā- (?) earth *tela-mon- earth *ūrā- ? / *ugrā- ? earth *werito- (??) earth, land *φī-wer-jō(n) earthen bank *(φ)rāti-, *-(φ)rāto- earth-nut *kulor- (?) easily pierced *su-wan-o- easily seen *su-wel-o- 12 June 2002 Page 37 of 145 English Proto-Celtic east *φari-tero- easy *su-reido- easy, quiet *sādo- eat *brājat- (??) eat *ed-e/o- eat *kondimon- (?) eat *le(n)gʷ- ?? eat *wes-e/o- (??) eat *westi- eat *φit-e/o- eat up *gel-e/o- (?) ebb *trag-jo- (Br.), *trāgjo- (Ir.) edge *bili- edge, bank *brū- edible seaweed *dulisko- (??) eel *slawjo- (???) efflux of river from lake *balag- (??) egg *owjo- (?) eight *oxtū eighth *oxtumeto- elbow *olīnā- elegy *marwo-natā- elk *alki- (?) elk (?, CW) *lono- elm *limo- eloquent *su-(φ?)labri- 12 June 2002 Page 38 of 145 English Proto-Celtic emission *tresko- (?) empty *keno- empty *wako- empty *wāsto- enclose (*wera-) enclosed place *ambi-wi-t(j)o- enclosure *skorā- (?) end *dī-kʷenno- end *dī-wed-o- end *indo- (??) end *uφer-kʷenno- endpoint *ardi- enemy *bibedat- (?) enemy *exs-karant- enemy *nāmant- energetic *kalmjo- enjoy *kat-je/o- (?) enjoy *φari-ber-e/o- enough *lawero- (?) entrails *en-ītero- (??) entrails *entereto- (?) equal *kom-ardu/o-talo- (??) equal *kom-trumb- equal length *kom-sit-ijā- (?) err *mell-e/o- especially *sani 12 June 2002 Page 39 of 145 English Proto-Celtic ethnic name *Bojī ethnic name *Brittānī (nom. pl.) ethnic name *Kelto-, *Keltā- ethnic name *Kʷritenjā- ethnic name *Semonā- (?) ethnic name (lit. 'wolf' or 'hawk') *Wolko-, *Wolkā- evening *weskʷro-, uskʷro- (??) evening *writ-ouxsero- (?) evil *maljo- excellent *gnawjo- (?) excellent *uφor-ewo- (?) excellent *weswo- (??) // *wikko- excellent *winkʷ- (???) excellent *wo-kāno- excrement *kakkā- excrement *taglo- (??) expand *φlit-(-je/o)- expensive *kʷrīto- explain *dī-song-lo- (??) express (milk) (*sū-) extend *reg-e/o- extinguish *dī-exs-bād-e/o- extreme *ex(s)-tamo- eye *lukato- eye *okʷlo- (?) (< Lat.?) eye *stilnā- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 40 of 145 English Proto-Celtic eye *φro-skʷ-o- eyebrow *amrant- (?) face *agʷitā- (??) face *driko-, *drikā- face *enekʷo- face *srīwā- (??) face *weido- fail *exs-bu- failure *metto- fair *wid-ālo- faith *φeri-en-stā- (?) fall (*rou(a)-) fall (*φal- (??)) fall *keid-e/o- fall *-tud-e/o- fall *φesti- fallow land *branaro- (??) fame *klewos- fame *m(w)eido- (??) family *kenetlo- famine *nowenjā- (?) famous *ati-gnāto- famous *kluto- far *kʷel-s-o- (?) far *weru- (?) far away *ne-kʷe kʷelso- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 41 of 145 English Proto-Celtic fart *brag-je/o- (?) fart *bragsman- fart *φriskā- fast *(φ)adwo- (?) fast *āku- fast *arwo- (?) fast *bousano- (??) fast *deino- fast *kasto- fast *kribbo- fast *su-φlāmo- fast *taro-, *tarjo- (?) fast (?) *sφraxto- fasting *joino- fat *blon-eko- (??) fat *magesīno- (?) fat *smeru- father *tato- (*tata?) father *φatīr fathom *wiro-sito- (?) (or wor-) fatigue *blīno-tero- favour *rato- fear *ag- (*āg-) fear *ang-e/o- fear *bikulijā- (?) fear *bot-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 42 of 145 English Proto-Celtic fear *dwoilo- (?) fear *obno- fear *φeratu- (?) fearful *φerko- fearless *exs-obno- fearsome *tarrāko- feast *kom-ed-o- feast *līto- feast *weili- (??) feast *wīto- feast *wlidā- felloe *kambito- fellow, neighbour *sentijo- (?) female servant *kamulā- (?) fence *ambjā- fence *kagi- fence *kleitā- (?) fence *wragi- fence in *wej-e/o- ferment *uφo-jes- fermentation *mrak-atā- fern *(φ?)rati- ferny *rat-inj-āko- ferocity *ad-φro-gʷant-V- (?) ferry *itaro- (?) field *magos- 12 June 2002 Page 43 of 145 English Proto-Celtic field *rowes-(jā-) field measure *ara-kʷenni- (?) fields *leino- fierce *(su-)lurk-o- (?) fierce *wik-ari- (?) fifteen *kʷenkʷe-dekan fifth *kʷenkʷ(e)to- fifty *kʷenkʷ-kont- (??) fight (*bera- (?)) fight (*kat-) fight *(s)trīnā- fight *āgu- fight *bāg- (?) fight *bāgā- fight *bodwā-, *bodwo- fight *brestelo- (?) fight *brū(s)-je/o- (?) fight *joudV- (??) fight *katu- fight *kom-bāgo- (?) fight *kowko- (?) fight *nant- fight *nī-tu- fight *rai(φ/j)ā- fight *truzd-e/o- fight *wīk-ā- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 44 of 145 English Proto-Celtic fight *wik-e/o- fight *wixtā- fight (with) *ambi-wik-e/o- fight with spears? *kʷrendo-galā- (?) fill (*φlī-) fill *φerk-e/o- fill *φlīn-e/o- find *wer-e/o- find *wind-e/o- find room *talφn-e/o- (?!?) fine *ad-gen-n-o- (?) fine *dī-re- (?) finger *biss- (?) finger *makro- finger *māto- finish (*seja-, *sī-) finish *tu-ari-bū- fire *aidu- fire *bousdo- (??)/*bonto- (???) fire *deget- (?) fire *oibelo- (?) fire *taφnos- (?) fire *teφnet-, *taφnet- (?) fire blight *ati-daw-ino- fire, ashes *smoul-ā- (??) fire, light *angelo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 45 of 145 English Proto-Celtic first *kentu- (?) first *kintu-samo- first cousin (female) *kom-nixtā-(?)- first cousin (male) ? firy, shining *ās-no- fish *φeisko- fist *durno- fitting *adaso- (?) fitting *kom-mest- (< *-med-t-) five *kʷenkʷe five people *kʷenkʷ-wiro- flake *slagsmā- (?) flame *briwo- flame *laxsaro- flank *tanaw-injo- flat stone *(φ)likkā- (?) flat-fish *(s)lisd- (??) flay *wes-n-a- (?) fleas *swannī (?) flee *tek-e/o- (?) flee *tekk-e/o- (?) flee *tekʷ-sk-e/o- (?) fleece *knab-jā- (?) flesh *knāto- flesh *kreiwo- (?) flint *kall-es(t)ro- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 46 of 145 English Proto-Celtic flood *(φ?)lan(d?)weto- (??) flood *līmo- flood *φro-ber-tī- (?) flood, filling *φlanwo- flood, sea *lījant- floor *bundo- floor *wailot- floor *wotan-, wotn- (??) floor *φlāro- flour *mlāto- flow (*ab-) flow (*leja-) flow (*sreu-) flow (*weis-) flow *(φ?)lin-je/o- (?) flow *ber-e/o- flow *sφrawo- (??) flower *blāto- flower *sφījono- (?) fluid *(φ?)lendu- (?) fluid, river *weiso- fly *kuli- fly *φet-e/o- fly *φloug(-mani?)- foal *bromb-āko- foam *jestā- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 47 of 145 English Proto-Celtic foam *φowen-o- (-ī-) (?) fog *kewok- (??) fold (*φel-) fold *φlā-(j)e/o- follow *sekʷ-e/o- 1 food *mastjā- food *wī-ti- fool *drūto- foot *troget- (?) forbid *bonn-eje/o- (?; LW??) force *dī-soudo- (?) force *gustu- ford *jātu- ford *φritu- forehead *antano- forehead *talo- foreigner *allo-mrog-i- foreigner *gallo- (?) foreigners *allo-mor-ī forest *kaito- forest *φro-sto- forget *an-kob-je/o- (??) form *delwā- form *delw-ato- form *krettā- (??) form *kʷritu- 12 June 2002 Page 48 of 145 English Proto-Celtic form *rixtu- fort *(φ?)listo- fort *dūno-, *dūnos-, dūnastu- fort *kassrik- fort *wertrā- foster *max-tr-īn- foster brother *kom-altjo- foster-father *altrawon- foster-father *attjo- foster-mother *altrawonī- four *kʷetweres (m.), *kʷetesres (f.) four- *kʷetru- fourth *kʷetru-meto- (Ir.), *kʷetwarjo- (G fox *luφerno- fragment *brīwo- (?) frame *krittā- (?) free *reidi- free *φrijo- freeze *regʷ-je/o- (?) frequent *tu-ari-ambi-ret-e/o- friend *karant- friendly *awi- friendship *kar-ant-ijo- friendship *kar-at-assu- fright, scare *auto- from *dī 12 June 2002 Page 49 of 145 English Proto-Celtic from the (with directions of the wind) *anu- (?) frost *regʷu- (?) frost-bite *angwīno-rewo- (?) frugal *drito- full *φlāno- full of gorse *ax(s)tīn-āko- fullness *φlānjā- fumble (*luw-???) furious *kuno-dar-jāko- furrow *keissi- furrow *φrik(k)o- further ?? furze *banatlo- futile *matajo- (??) gadfly *klaser-injo- (??) gain (*lewa- (?)) gain *(φ?)lesto- (?) gain, profit *elwo- gall *bistlo-, boistlo- (?) gallows *krokV- (< Lat.) + *kʷrenno- gander *kaljāko-geidā- (?) gang *agman- gap *atowjā- (??) gap, cleft *sk(ʷ?)albā- gap, cleft *skol-ā- garden *gorto- 12 June 2002 Page 50 of 145 English Proto-Celtic garden *kebbo- (??) garden *lubi-gorto- garlic *kremo-, *kramo- (?) garment made of sheepskin *krok-inā- gasp *φnek- gather (*renk-) gather *kʷeislo- gather, collect *dī-glenn-e/o- (?) gathering *kaskl- (???) gathering (?) *saman- generosity *sal-jā generous *largo- generous *su-keto- (?) genuine *dī-litso- (?) giant *an-kenetlV- (?) gift *dāno- gift *maini- (??) gift *nem-ā- gift *φlāmo-φro-d-ā- (?) gift *φro-dā- (?) girl, woman *magu-essā- (?) give (*dā-) give *rā-(je/o-) (?) give *tu-φro-da- give back *ati-kor-(eie-?) give, take *gab-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 51 of 145 English Proto-Celtic giver *φrand-jato- (?) glad *wāleti- (?) glass, jewel *glanjo- (?) gleaming, clear *gleiwo- (?) glitter (*berk-) glitter *brakʷ- (???) glitter *smer- (?) glory *koneto- (??) glue *gloido- (?) gnaw *kom-knā-(j)e/o- (?) go (*bem-) go (*mei- (?)) go *(s)teig-e/o- go *ell(ā)-e/o- (?) go *erg-e/o-, rig-ā- go *gad- (?) go *i-tā-(je/o-) (?) go *kang-e/o- (?) go *kei- go *kʷoud-e/o- (?) go *lud-e go *mon-eje/o- (?) go *wrang-e/o- (?) go *φed- (?) go *φend-e/o- go past *trans-min-(n-)d-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 52 of 145 English Proto-Celtic goal *kirko- (??) goat *erbo- (?) goat *gabro- goat *kaφro- goat *mendo- (?) god *Arjoman- (?) god *deiwo- god *desos- (?) god *Kamulo- god *Lugu- god *Noudant- (?) god *Ogmjo- (?) god *su- ? goddess *Brigantī- goddess *Φanon- godless *an-krabudo- going *(s)tixtā- good *bili- (?) good *dago-, *dego- good *deko- good *mati- good *su- good *suφerno- (??) good *wesu- (, wīsu-?) good (*luck-bringing?) *bawano- (?) good manners *su-gnātso- 12 June 2002 Page 53 of 145 English Proto-Celtic good news? *kailomanjā- (?) goose *geidā- / *gigdā- (??) gorse *aktīnā- grain *arankā- (??) grain *arwar-, -wan- grain *erwo- (?) grain *grāno- grain *jewā- grain *sasjo- (?) grain *talko- grain *φitu- grandchild *awjo- grandchild *φwer- (???) granddaughter *nextī- (, *nextā-?) grandfather *seno-tato- grandmother *nanī- grandmother *seno-māter- grass *gel-tā- grass *wegro- grass *weltV- (-i-?) grave *bedo- grave *leg-jo- grave *logā- grave *wo-legjo-dind-o- (?) great *Magon- great hate *ad-kasti- 12 June 2002 Page 54 of 145 English Proto-Celtic great number *wor-līno- (?) great, strong *ande-wo-kāno- (?) greed *w(o)-ank-ā- (?) greed(y) *ande-swanto- (?) greedy *las-ni- green *aunjo- green *glast-īno- green *glasto- green *ūro- green *wird- (??) green lawn *glejo- green woodpecker *kekīnā- (?) greet *(tu-)ande-φar(x)-ske/o- grey *udro- (?) grey *φleito- greyhound *mīlo-kʷū greyish white *windo-leito- greyish-white *welwo- (PBr.) grief *ber-no- (?) grief, death *aliweto- (?) grill *lannā- (-nd-?) grind (*mela-) grind *mel-e/o-, *mal-e/o- (?) grinding stone *brāwan- grinding the teeth *dant-(V?)galo- grit *greisano- (???) 12 June 2002 Page 55 of 145 English Proto-Celtic grit *growjo- (?) groan *okk- / *ox- (onom.) groan *ongo- groan *stan-je/o- (?) groan *stono- groan, cry *eixtā-je/o- groin *mlaknā- groove *klatsi- (< *klad-ti-) group of mowers *metelā- grove, wood *kʷristo- grow *φāts-e/o- (??) grow weak *wannV-sag-e/o- growth *kom-snij- growth *tum-o- grunt *krknik- grunt *ro/ukk-ā- (?) guardian *koisi- ? guest *φoikit- guidance, advice *ari-lajā- gull *wujilano- (??) gullet *stamn-īkā- gulp *slukk-e/o- (?) hail *kassarī- (?) hair *blawi- (?) hair *doklo- hair *drigu- 12 June 2002 Page 56 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hair *gait- hair *mongo-, -ā- (?) hair *roumnjā- hair *wanso- hair *φulu- hair (on head) *walto- (?) hair on the head *wendu- hairy *blew-āko- (?) hairy *φulāto- half *letos- half *samtero- half alive *leto-biwo- halter *kʷenno-rigo- hammer *ordo- hand *bostā- (?) hand *glakko- hand *manatlo- (?) hand *φat-amā- (?) hand *φlāmā- hand *φman- handful *māwamV-, *māwatī- (?) handful of wool *tlakmo- happiness *lawenjā- happy *laweno- (?) happy *su-wen-o- happy *tu-ati-wid-(o-?) 12 June 2002 Page 57 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hard (*kela-) hard *dūro- hard *kaleto- hard *kroudi- hardly *bradī (??) hare *gatV- (??) hare *kasnā- (?) harmony *kom-widu- harmony *φanawo- harp *kruttā- harp *telinjo- (?) harrow *okitā- has *dī-(?) haste *britso- haste *sφrutso- / -u- hate *ad-kas-ti- hate *kasti- haunch *klouni- haunch *kostā- (??) haunch? *toumā- (??) having big fists/hands *durnāko- having great feasts *wlid-V-māro- having lice *(sk)nidāko- having nails *angwīn-āko- hawthorn *skʷijat- (?) hazel *kollo- 12 June 2002 Page 58 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hazel-tree *koslo-wido- he, him, it *em-em head *(s)kutu- head *gartā- head *kernā- head *kʷenno- head *muldu- (?) headland *tal-aro- healing *jīkkā- (??) health *jakkito- healthy *dī-ask- (?) healthy *jakko- healthy *slā-no- heap *bergo-; *bergno- (?) (CB) heap *dasti- heap *kuφnā- hear *klew-e/o- hear *klu-n-je/o- (?) hear *klus-e/o- heart *kal-on-ā- (?) heart *kridjo- hearth *agileitā- (?) hearth *ongo- heat *gʷritu- heat *teφstu- heath *wāg-nā- 12 June 2002 Page 59 of 145 English Proto-Celtic heath *wroiko- heaven *erko- heaven *nemos- heavy *baru- >> *bari- (??) heavy *tru(d)smo- (?) heddles of loom *brei-to- (?) hedge *bī-tā- 'cut' heel *sātlā-, *sātlo- heifer *samaskī- (?) height *alto- height *turno- heir *orbjo- (m.) help *uφor-textan- help *wo-ret-e/o- hemlock *kekitā- (??) hemp *werk-ā- (Ir.), *kom-wark- (?) (Br.) henbane (?) *belen(i)on- (?) herb, plant *lubjo- (?) herb, plant *lustu- / *luxsu- herd *bou-dino- (?) herd *elnā- herd *trento- (??) herdsman *bou-kʷoljo- (?) here *uman (???) here ? (cf. Peter '97) here; this *sondo- 12 June 2002 Page 60 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hero *argo- hero *nero- (?) hero *wāro- hero *weino- (??) hero, giant *kawaro- heron *kork- ? hew off, mutilate *kerφ-e/o- (?) hide *kou(d)-je/o- hide *uφo-log-eje/o- (?) hiding-place *wo-tekʷ-o- high (*berg-) high *ardwo- high *brigant- high *kuno- (?) high *ouxselo- high tide *wor-lanwV- (?) higher *ouxtero- highest *uxs-(i)samo- highest *wer(t)amo- highest *wor-tam-īno- high-spirited *wor-ment-āko- (?) hill *brendo- (?) hill *dindu- / *dinnu- hill *dinno- (??) hill *dumjo- (?) hill *knokko- 12 June 2002 Page 61 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hill *lettrek- (?) hill *mello- hill *roino- (?) hill *tumbo- (?) hill, height *dindu- (??) hilt *sadī- (??) hindrance *loud-o- hips *akraitsā- (?) history *seno-kastu- hit *toraw- (?) hit, fall *org-e/o- hitting implement *exs-ben-tī- (Ir.); *bonī- (?) (Br.) hoarse *kriko- hoarse *kriko- (?) hold (*bek- (??)) hold (*φed- (?)) hold *dalg-e/o- hold *derk- (??) hold *em-e/o- hold *kabagli- hold *on(n)k-je/o- hole *φoumat- (?) hollow *tuxslo- holly *kolinno- (?) home *?-trebā (?) home *kom-ad-treb-o- 12 June 2002 Page 62 of 145 English Proto-Celtic honesty *weil-ijā- (?) honey *meli(t)- honour *φrāko-φro-widā- hood *kʷenno-kouxso- (??) hoof *kruwo- hoof of a solid-hoofed animal *karno- hook *ankato- hook *bakk-āje/o- hook *bakko- hope, desire *uφo-men-āko- horn *bennā- horn *korno- horse *(-)wo-reid-o- horse *ad-φas-tr(j)o- horse *ekwo- horse *kaballo- horse *marko-, *markā- horsehair *rauno- (??) horse-herd *grag- (?) horseman, knight *mark-āko- horse-parsley *dubu-litso- (?) host *dāmā-, *dāmo- host *līweto- (??) host *sloug-eto- (?) host *worīnā-, -ī- ? host, gathering *kanto- (W), *kantjā- (Ir.) 12 June 2002 Page 63 of 145 English Proto-Celtic hostage *geistlo- hostility *kom-exs-kar- hot *teφent- hot *teφsmo- (??) house *baljo- (?) house *butā- house *demo- (?) house *kajo- (?) house *tegos- house *trebo- house (?) *treb-nā- (?) household *tego-slougo- how many *kʷeti how many *kʷeti- (??) human lip *wo-beutsā- (?) humble, modest *ngro- hundred *kantom hundredth *kanto-meto- hunger *kintu-lung- (?) hunt *selg-ā-(je/o-) hunt *swend-e/o- (?) hunter *selgo-wiro- (??) hurry (*dei-) hurry *sφisk- husk *drabo- I will not; I do not care *nī-me tā-ro 12 June 2002 Page 64 of 145 English Proto-Celtic ice *jagi- idle *dī-sedi- if; or *kʷe-ageti (???) ignite *ind- ill person *φu-tro- illness *balo- illness *sergo- impel *grens- impetus *rou(a)tro- in *en in *endo (?) in *eni in calf *kom-logV- (??) incapable (?) *an-text-ī- inconvenience *an-φlesto- increase (*mog-eje/o- (?)) increase *mag-e/o- increase *tu-uφer-mog-eje/o- (?) increase *wor-ber-t- indecent *an-kaini- information *manako- (?) inhabit *ande-sed-e/o- inheritance *orbjo- (n.) injury *ans-kridjo- (?) injustice *an-bri-to- (< *-b-) insane *merV- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 65 of 145 English Proto-Celtic insane *wor-kʷeisl-āko- insipid *exs-āko- insult *ag(ʷ?)li- insult *kan-je/o- (??) insult *l(e)i-je/o- insult *laid-je/o- / *loid-je/o- insult *langos- (?) insult *makljo- (?) insult *sφāro- insult *tmbal- (?) intensive *an(a) intensive *φer(i)- (?) intensive particle *tri- (?) intensive particle *trimo- (??) intention *kʷeisl-jato- (?) intention *wo-dagī- (??) intention *φari-med-it-o- (?) intention (?) *ari-med-o- interjection *ei interrogative *kʷo-, *kʷe- interval *kom-amsterā- (?) intestinal worm *lengro- (?) Ireland *Φīwerjon- Irishman *geidelo- (LW < Br.) iron *isarno- island *enissī- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 66 of 145 English Proto-Celtic issue, flow *tard-o- ivy *φedenno- jaw *gnūtsi- (?) jaw *manto- (??) (Ir. LW < Br.?) jealousy *kʷenno-mīk-ā- (??) jealousy *uφor-mantī- (??) join *en-lo-n-g-e/o- (?) join *tank-(j)e/o- (?) joining *ki-tu- joint *φalto- joint oath *kom-lugjā- joint ploughing *kom-ar-o- joke *klokjā- (?) journey *kerd-ā- journey *wextā- journey *φodjo- joy *men-m-ito- (?) joy *wāletjā- joy *φelukko- (??) judge *en-gna-to- judge; judgment *barno- judgment *brātu- judgment *brito-/ -ā- juice *sūgo- jump *dar-je/o- (?) jump *langsman- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 67 of 145 English Proto-Celtic jump *long-(e)je/o- (?) jump *sal-je/o- (?) jump *skak- jump *skʷend-e/o- (?) jump back *ati-lang(s)man- jump, fly *(s)natjā-(je/o-) jump, fly *nat-(j)āje/o- jumping *lang-sman-īko- June (*middle of summer) *medjo-samīno- just *justjo- kernel *ett(n)jo- (??) kernel of fruit *karīso- kettle *kʷarjo- key *alxwedā- key *ekorV- (W), *ekari- (Ir.) (??) kick (*sφer-) kick *sφīr-je/o- (?) kid *mennisāko- (??) kidney *ad-ren- (?) kill *nek-e/o- kindred *kom-stlond- king *rīg- king, prince *brigantīnos kingdom *rīgjo- kingdom *tigern-atsu- (?) kinswoman *kar-etsā- 12 June 2002 Page 68 of 145 English Proto-Celtic kite *bargo-kūto- (?) kite *berg-o- (?) knee *glugno- (??) knee *kʷenno-glīno- (?) knees *dowo-glīno- (?) knife *skījeno- (?) knife, dagger *gelmo- knot *osbo- (?) knot *snadamo- (?) knot in wood *gnubo- know *gnā- (?) know *weid- knowing *witsu- knowledge? *weid-o- known *gnāto- knuckle *mī-kurno- (??) knuckle *oφi-sφernā- labour, pain *gnī-mo- lack (*met- (?)) lack *mett- lady *φari-kleid-essā- (??) lake *(φ?)lendu- (?) lake *laku- (?) lake *luko- lamb *ogno- (?) lame *kloppo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 69 of 145 English Proto-Celtic lame *losko- lame, maimed *an-φrijo- lame-footed *lord-skāko- (??) lament *keinV-man- (??) lament *φari-kan-e/o- land *tīr(r)os- land *tīrro- land *weran(o)- (?) land *werito-rigā- (?) land ? *wirano- (?) lands *tīr-jon- (?) language *jaxtī- (?) large - (*(s)olno-) large *borro- large *brasso- large *māro- larger *mājos- lark *exs-φed-ijo- (?) last night *nexti- + Lat. sērus last year *φerut(i) lasting *buwano- (?) later *eφero- (?) lath, fence *kli-trā- laugh *(s)teb-je/o- laugh *gāsrjā- laugh *gegni- 12 June 2002 Page 70 of 145 English Proto-Celtic laugh *genV- (?) laugh *sward-e/o- law *dligeto- (??) law *kāsni- laziness *dī-āk-ī- (?) lazy *dī-āku- lead *loudjā- lead *wed-e/o- lead, bring *wod-eje/o- (?) lead, surpass *φrāk-or-āje/o- (?) leader *kollo- leader *sem-brunk-ijat- (?) leader *skotto- leader *tu-wistāko- leader *wal-o- (?) leading *tu-westu- leaf *dal-injo- leaf *dulā-, duljo- (??) league *leugā- (?) least *lagisamo- (??) leather *letro- leave *ati-aw-e/o- leave *lenkʷ-je/o- (?) leave *tra(n)nk- leave (?) *wedīlo- (??) leech *gel-antī 12 June 2002 Page 71 of 145 English Proto-Celtic left *(s)kttu- (?) left *ad-sowjo- left *kerro- left *kleijo- (?) left *tousto- leg *eskarī- (?) leg *garri- leg *renno- (?) leg *sek-lā- (?) leisure *ukni- lend *φari-linkʷ-je/o- length *wozd-o- length of fore-arm doubled *kom-elīnV- leprosy *truds-ko- lessen (*mei- (?)) let *erb-je/o- (?) let, leave *gat-e/o- lewd *serto- (?) lewd *φragjo- libido (?) *an-trato- lick *leig-(j?)e/o-, *lig-a- lid *wor-kor-jo- lie *brankā- lie *gawo- lie *leg-e/o- lie *wor-wed-e/o- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 72 of 145 English Proto-Celtic life (*aiw-) life *biwotūt- life *bukkijā- (?) life *bwo- (?) life, food *biwoto- (?) life-force *nei-bo- lift (*kel-e/o-) light (*leuxs-) light *glustu- light *lou(k)bro- (?) light *loukno- / *louxsno- (?) light *skamano- (?) light *wālo- (?) light *wo-lougV- (?) light sleep *(tu-)ari-koito- light, lamp *loukarnā- lightning *meltā- (sic) linden *lei(φ?)mā- linden LW < MEng. (LEIA) lineage *ad-ken-ī- (?) linen * φlontā- << *φlotnā- ? linen *līno- (?) lion *lewo- (??) (< Lat.?) lip *betlo- (??) lip *wo-mlū- (??) liquid *wlikʷ-uro- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 73 of 145 English Proto-Celtic liquid *wlixso- liquor *lati- live (*nes-) live *bei-e/o- (??) lively *werg-o- liver *awowo- (??) living *biwo- load, burden *(t)luxto- loan *oni- (?) loathsome person *buddākko- (??) location *(s)tano- / *(s)tanā- lock *tu-lexto- (?) lock of hair *kougleno- (??) lock of hair *koutino- (?) long (φ?)libari- (?) long *(d??)longo- long *sīro- long *siti- (?) long hair *rou-men-āko- (?) longer *sī-is (?) longest *sī-samo- (?) longing *sīr-axt-āko- longing *sīr-axto- look *tamawo- (?) look-out (?) *wor-sell-ī- (?) lord *arjo-, -ek- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 74 of 145 English Proto-Celtic lord *kʷenno-tamīko- lord *mrogi-rīxs lord *rīgant(o)- (?) lord *tegernjo- (?) lord *wlat-īko- lord *wlato- lord *φari-kʷennīko- lord *φotiko- lordly *tegernāko- (?) loss *koll-etā- (?) loss? *elV- louse *lous- (?) louse *sor-o- (?) love (*wen(a)- (?)) love (*φrija-) love *ad-kar-a- love *gʷrātu- (?) love *kar-a(j)e/o- love *karatu- love *s(φ??)erkā-, *s(φ??)erko- love *wenā- low *(φ?)īts-elo- lowly *waili- luck *tunketo- (?) luck (lit. 'white world' *windo-b(w)ijo- lukewarm *klijaro- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 75 of 145 English Proto-Celtic lump, ball *mello- lust *lāto- lust *swantā- (?) lye *troktā- lying on the back *su-φoino- (?) madness *an-kʷeisl-o- maggot *egi- maggot *kom-trāno- magic *soito- maimed *anam-ousto- (?) majesty *rīgjo- make (*kʷera-) make *dukli- (?) make *kʷar-je/o- make clear *glan-n-d-e/o- (?) make dirty (*sal- 1) make insane *dwāst-aje/o- (?) make known *neu-(j)e/o- (?) make lame *skat-e/o- make noise *swen-(n-) make strong *nert-ā-(j)e/o- make strong *nerto-sage/o- male *wirowjo- male raven *marko-brano- malice *mono- mallow *malwā- < Lat.? 12 June 2002 Page 76 of 145 English Proto-Celtic malt *mraki- man *keiwo- man *wiro- mangy *karrāko- manslaughter *anktu- (?) many *φelu- maple *akar(n)o- mare *ka(n)kstikā- (?) mare (horse) *(φ?)lārek- marl *margā- marry *tu-wed-ī- (?) marten *belego- mast *werno- 2 (sic) mastiff *bratto-kū material *damnjo- (*do-?) matron *mātronā- matter *rantu- (?) matter *sulo-widā- (?) matter *trajā- (???) mattock *kakʷkʷjā- (???) maybe *bēst(i) (?) me *-sme (??) me, my *moi (?) mead *medu- meadow *klouni- meadow *kloφni- 1 12 June 2002 Page 77 of 145 English Proto-Celtic measure (*mī-) measure *kom-met- (pass.) measure *med-je/o- measure *mens- / *mets-ūr- (?) meat *karnajo- (??) (LW?) meat *kīkā- meat; corpse *kolanī- meaty *kīk-āko- meeting *kom-ranko- melodious *bandi- melt *leg-e/o-, lexto- melt *log-eje/o- member *astīli- (?) member *ballo- member *mallo- (?) memory *kom-man-o- (?) mercifulness *trougo-karjā- mermaid *mori-morwen- (?) metal *meini- (?) middle *medjo-, *medi° midge *wido-φeto- (??) mild *wlido- milk *gerto- milk *glaxtā- (?) milk *laxto- (or LW < Lat.?) milk *melgos- 12 June 2002 Page 78 of 145 English Proto-Celtic milk *mlig-e/o- milk *mlixtu- (?) milk *seigi- (?) milk *sutu- milk *wo-trog-eje/o- (?) mine *meino-klādo- (?) mine, my *mewe << PIE *mene miscarriage *φartuli- (???) miserable *(t)leiko- (?) miserable *trougo- miserable, weak *troug-agno- misery *an-kom-nerto- misery *trougjā- mist *dumāko- (?) mist, smoke *dengwo- mistake *anamī- (?) mistake *bag-jo- (?) mistake *kom-φari-org-no- mite *tār-āko- mix *kom-mi(k)sk-e/o- mix *mi(x)-ske/o- mob *φlīdos- (?) modest *moilo- (?) molar tooth *kūlo- danto- monkey *abbon- (??) month *mīns- 12 June 2002 Page 79 of 145 English Proto-Celtic moon *loukno- / *louxsno- (?) moon *lug-rā- moonlight *lug-rā/o-kando- moor *salā- (?) mortar *kom-bru-to- most *māji-samo- mother *mammā- mother *mātīr mother-in-law, father-in-law *swekru- (?) mound *kroukā- mountain *brig- mountain *monjo-, menjo- (?) mountain *sleibos- mountain *φarkunjo- mouse *lukot- mouth *āso- (?) mouth *gen-owes (pl.) mouth *genu-, genawā- (?) mouth *goppo- (?) mouth *ma/ekno- (??) / *mīnV- (??) mouth *staman- mouth of a river *eni-bero- mouth of river; confluence *ad-ber-o- (?) mouth, lip *bussu- move *swem-(ī-) (?) move *swi-m-āje/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 80 of 145 English Proto-Celtic move fast *φlou-e/o- (?) mow *met-e/o- much *menekk- mud *latākā-, *latjo- mud *lutā- mud *mūro- mulberry *mero- multitude *φlī-jes- murder *galanatsā- murder *orno- (or *org-no-?) muscle *kom-ser-ī (pl.) (??) music *trigjo- (??) my *men(e) (?) nail *angʷīnā- nail *klāwo- (?) nail *sem-ā- (?) naked *nokʷto- name *anman- name *stlundo- (?) nape *meidjo- narrow (*ango-) narrow *gando- narrow *kom-angjo- (?) narrow *oxto- narrow(ness) *angjo- narrowness *angos- 12 June 2002 Page 81 of 145 English Proto-Celtic natural *tokʷi-(ko-) (?) nature *ande-gan-o- (?) nave *buzdo- navel *ambiljon- near *akustV- (??) near *okk- (?) nearer *nesd-V- (?) nearest *netsamo- (?) necessary *ratjo- neck *-grago- neck *moni-, *manjā- neck *moniklo- neck *wudw-o-/-āko- neck, windpipe *brāgant (?)- neckband *basko- necklace *monikjā- (?) need *ankenā- need *nāw-itā- need, wish *kom-ber-e/o- (?) needle *iso- needle *snātanto-, *snātejā- (?) needle *wrakkā- [2] (?) needy *anken-oustV- (?) negative *an- negative *ans- (??) negative particle (lit. 'and not') *na-kʷe 12 June 2002 Page 82 of 145 English Proto-Celtic negligence *walli- neigh *wor-gar-ī- (?) neighbour *kom-netsamo- neither *swatī (??) nephew *neφot- nest *nisdo- net *sogno- (W), *segno- (Ir.) nettle *nenado- (sic) new *newjo- newborn? *φoutanjā- (??) nickname *kom-anman- nickname *listo- night *ad-akʷī- night *nokʷ-, *noxto- (?) nightingale *esātsā- (??) nightmare *suφno-leb/mV- (??) nine *nawan ninth *nawameto- (?) nit *s(k)nidā- noble *gaurjo- (?) noble *maglo- noble *mun-āko- (?) noble *nāro- noble *nemeto- noble *rigjāko- noble *su-viro- 12 June 2002 Page 83 of 145 English Proto-Celtic noble *wo-brig-V- (?) noble (?) *wor-tero- < *wer-tero- noise *blusko- (/*blosko-?) noise *boukato- noise *brosko- (?) noise *morni- (/*murni-??) noise *trusto- (?) noise *turb- noise *wo-durdo- (?) noise *wogman- (??) noise *wo-rouno- (?) noose *talxsm- (?) north *uφo-klijā- nose *sroknā- (?) nose *trugnā- not (*ne) not *nī not? *kʷā-nī notice *φro-be/oud-o- (?) not-person *an-dunjo- nourish (*φan-) nourish *al-e/o- nourish *mak-e/o- nourished *altjo- nourishment *kolto- now *nu- 12 June 2002 Page 84 of 145 English Proto-Celtic now *φerejo- (??) number *ad-rīmā- number *rīmā- numerous *φlī-jās-āko- nun *lagj-āno- (?) nurse *mammo-maxtā- (?) nut *knuwjā- (?) oak *dari(k)- oak *daru- oak *derwā- oak *φomonajo- (?) oar *rāmo- oar *rēmo- (LW < Lat.?) oath *lugjo-, *lugo- oath *oito- oats *korkjo- obligation *kom-geistlo- obtain *kaxtā-je/o- obtain *log-e/o- (?) obtain *text-(e)je/o- of equal length *kom-sitV- of the same age *kom-aiwestu- old *seno- old *struti- (?) old *φarast- (?) old woman *ammantī- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 85 of 145 English Proto-Celtic older *sen-is-ō- (?) one *oino- one *oiwo- one-eyed *kaiko- one-eyed *kollo- one-eyed *kollo- onion *kanīnā- (?) only *na(-s?)-mājūs (?) only, alone *lāro- (??) onrush *reu-sman- onrush (esp. of waves) *barkā- open *akor- (??), *dī-kor- (??) open *bol-no- (?) opinion *mantjon- (?) opposite *φari-kom-ari- (?) oppress *trud-ske/o- oppress *wor-di(n)g- (?) oppression *uφor-mestā- or *new(V?) order *ser-n-a- order *φro-budo- origin *bunato- (??) orphaned *ambi-dī-mato- other *alaljo- other *allo- other, second *aljo- 12 June 2002 Page 86 of 145 English Proto-Celtic otter *dubro-kwon- ounce (*alone) *mando- (??) our *(s)an- (??) our *ansro- (?) out *ud- out of *exs- oven *āti- oven *ātino- over *ouxs(V) (?) over *trns over *uφer-, *uφor- (?) over *wor- < *uφor- overcome *sφakto- overjoyed *wor-laweno- (?) owl *kowanno- (?) own *nitjo- owner *kʷerk-eno- (??) ox *uxsen- oyster *(s)lib-markā- (???) pack of dogs or wolves *kounV- (?) < *kwonV- (??) page *(φ?)leto-einekʷo- (??) pain *anxto- pain in the head (??) *kʷenno-galo- (?) pain, wound *aglo- palm, fist *bostā- pancakes *krampeittV- (PBr.???) 12 June 2002 Page 87 of 145 English Proto-Celtic parents *φro-gen-eies (?) part *(φ?)rannā- part *dāl-(je/o-) part *dāli- part *drullo- (< -sl-) part *skʷerto-, *kʷarto- (?) particle *i-de (??) particle (*before) *φro- particle (de-, from) *dī- partridge *kluko-jaro- (?) passion *nei-to- (W, CIb.), *neit-s-lo- (Ir.) passion *sφrāb-o- paternal line *φatrjā- path, track *lergo- (?) patience *an-menjā- (?) pay *tal-e/o- peace *tank-o- (?) penis *beikʷo- penis *butto- (?) / *bosdo- (?) penis *kalgā- (?) penis *kʷīt- (??) penis *muto- (?) people *teutā- > *toutā- perceive *kantV-buti- (?) perceive *φrat-je/o- (?) perceiving *uφo-mantjon- 12 June 2002 Page 88 of 145 English Proto-Celtic perfect *(kom-)olk-o- (?) period *φedo-m period of 19 years *nawan-dekant-V- permission *kentatā- (?) person *donjo- personal mane *Gerontjo- personal name *Brokkagno- personal name *Dārjo- personal name *Glūno-māro- personal name *Isaro- personal name *Kasti-,-o- (?) personal name *Katu-māro- personal name *Kunagno- personal name *Kuno-gustu- ("dog"?) personal name *Kuno-māro- ("dog") personal name *Kuno-walo- personal name *Kurkagno- (?) personal name *Leuketjo- (/ *-ou-) personal name *Oino-gustu- personal name *Owo-genjo- personal name *Rouno- (sic) personal name *Senāko- personal name *Teut(j)o-rīk- personal name *Teuto-walo- personal name *Ulkā-gno- personal name *Uφer-gustu- 12 June 2002 Page 89 of 145 English Proto-Celtic personal name *wellawno- (sic) personal name (*flowing water) *Sraw-o-dubro- personal name (Guinevere) (*white gh *windo-seibaro- (?) phlegm *list(V)nabed- (???) pick-axe *kom-okjo- piece *blogā- / *blugā- (??) piece *brusk- piece *darno- piece *katsVnotV- (?) piece *kʷetti- (?) piece of land *wo-tīro- (?) piece of meat *mīmsro- pierced *tri-tuxslo- (?) pig *banwo- pig *māsdā- (?) pig *mukku-, *mukkā- pig *ruxto- pig *su- pig *sukku- (< *suφku-?) pig *φorko- pig-forest (*mukku-rosto-) (very late compoun pillar *(s)temppu- (??) pillar *kelb/mV- (??) pillar *stabā- pillar *warros- pine *φuxtā-(ko-) 12 June 2002 Page 90 of 145 English Proto-Celtic pitch *bī- (sic) place *leg-ā- / -o- place *mag-injo- place (?) *kom-arī- (??) place name *Windo-magos- plain *makajā- (??) plain *stratu- plain *φlā-no- plait *kʷasto- plait *torko- plant *amφellā- (?) plantain (*way-broad) *sento-litano- play *(s)worei- (??) play *reb- play *swar-e/o- (??) playground *(s)worei-mag- pleasant *ar(i)-akʷ-o- (?) pleasant *dili- pleasant *teki- pleasant *togi- pleasant *φagli- (?) pleasing *awillo- pleasing *karato-, karatāko- pledge *geitsl-āje/o- pledge *geldo- plough *aratro- 12 June 2002 Page 91 of 145 English Proto-Celtic plough *ar-je/o- plough *kanxtu- plough-handle *saidlā- (??) plunder *wein-e/o- (?) poem *duknā- (?) poem *wāto- poet *kʷrit-jo- (?) poet *wāti- poetry *kʷrito- point *bro(to-) (??) point *stoukki- (?) point (?) *brutV- (??) point (?) *gulbi(ā)- (?) point, top *barro- pointed *bennāko- poison *wīso- pole *masdjo- polish *(φ?)rasd- polish (?) *slibro- porch *kintu-sed-o- possess *ad-trebā(-je/o)- possessions *selwā- post *kaulljo- post *kʷelatri- (?) post *sφundā- (?) post *wankjo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 92 of 145 English Proto-Celtic pot (LW < OIc. ??) pot *aginā- pot *dabākā- pot *gauljo- (?) pot *kelφurno- pot *kro(k)k-āno- pot *krokk-akno- (?) pot *lestro- pot *lungā- / *longā- (?) pot *φatnā- (or *φānā-?) pot (made of bark) *rindjā- (?) (LW???) pot-belly *galbā- pour (out) *send-e/o- (?) pour out *sem-e/o- power *brīgā-, *brīgo- power *galā- power *kom-oxto- power *med-o- (?) powerful *-walo- pox *bri/ekkā- (??) praise *mol-eje/o- (?) prayer *wo-tlukk-eitV- (??) prayer Lat.? prefix *dia- (??) prefix *dī-φro- prefix *ko(m)- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 93 of 145 English Proto-Celtic prefix *mist(V)- (?) prefix *tu-ambi- prefix *tu-ati- prefix *tu-uφo- prefix *ud-s- prefix (above) *ati- prefix (bad-) *dus- prefix (lit. to) *ad- pregnant *tarr-āko- pregnant *tor-s-āko- (?) prepare *tu-ad-kʷar-e/o- prepare *tu-ari-kʷar-e/o- preposition *eφi (??) preposition (*to) *tu, *tu- preposition (across) *taros preposition (after) *wo-tig (?) preposition (around) *ambi- preposition (before) *φrk(-) (?) preposition (from) - preposition (from) *φo- (??) preposition (out) *exs- preposition (until) *kʷus- (??) preposition (with) *kom- press (*mera-) press *dang-e/o- press *maged- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 94 of 145 English Proto-Celtic press *sang-e/o- (??) press *wa(x)-ske/o- press *wella- (?) prevent *ark-e/o- prickle *brotto-, broto- (?) prize *wo-kʷr-o- (?) produce (*φes-) progeny *ati-ganā- prohibition *ari-smert-ā- promise *ad- (W), *tu- (Co.) + daw-e/o- (?) promise *geld-e/o- promise *mon-eje/o- (?) pron. 3 sg. m./n. *ei-, *e- pronoun *awo- (??) pronoun *-d(e)-em- (?) pronoun *de pronoun *esjo, esjās (Gen.) pronoun *jei (?) pronoun *on- (??) pronoun *to- (?) pronoun (I) *me (, *mī?) pronoun (this) *kei pronoun (your (pl.)) *wesrom (?) pronoun (your) *swīs (?) property, wealth *tlu-tsu- (?) prophecy *φari-ambi-metsu- (< *-med-tu-) 12 June 2002 Page 95 of 145 English Proto-Celtic protect *snād- protection *wo-sista-mV- protrusion from a wall *balāko- proud, strong *balko- prow *bran-jo- (??) prow of boat *bronjā- (?) prow of ship *bran-ī-jā- (??) pubic hair *ketorā- (???) pull *trāg-je/o- pupil of the eye (?) *ambi-blixs- purchase (noun) *kʷero- pursue *tu-swend-n-e/o- pus *goru- pus *lī-no- push *trakk-e/o- (??) put (*dī-) put *de-d-e (pf.) put *kor-eie/o- put *rem-je/o- (?) put down *uφo-dī- put together? *klout-e/o- (?) put, place *wo-rem-e/o- (?) quail *rakinā- quarrel *drinno-/drenno- (?) queen *ban-ōn-ā- queen *rīganī- 12 June 2002 Page 96 of 145 English Proto-Celtic quick *trekki- (??) quick *φeimi- quiet *taus-elo- (?) race *agjo- rack *keng(j)ā- (?) raft *sloiddV- (?) rafter *astā- (?) rafter *astanjā- (?) rain *wera- rain *o-lawo- rainshower *wrastā- raise (*werr-) raise *kom-ad-reg-e/o- (?) raised *werro(s)- raising *-or-to- rake *krīkʷ-īnā- (?) ram *ri-o-to- (??) ram *surdo- (?) rape *arbīno- rare *ter(s)kʷo- rash *birro-kʷeisl-o- (?) raven *branā- raven *weiko- (??) raw *krūwo- (?) raw *omo- reach (*enk-, nak- (?)) 12 June 2002 Page 97 of 145 English Proto-Celtic reach *ēnk- (?) reach *nak-e/o- / *nakʷ-e/o- ? reach *seikʷ- (?) reach *φent-e/o- reach *φro-an-n-k-e/o- rear *māsto- (?) recite (*dreng-) reclaim (?) *tu-ati- (W), *dī-ati (Br.) + -ande-so red *basko- red *dergo- red *kokko-, *kokki- red *roudo- reddish *roud-el-no- (?) redness *derg-ā- reed *korokasto-, *korVsto- (??) refuse *wo-exs-med-e/o- regret *ati-φreko- reins *ansi- rejoice *blaidā- (?) (not *blozgâ) rejoice *laweno-sag-e/o- relationship *wenjā- relative *gnōto- relative particle *kʷe relic *kredrā- religion *krabidu- (?) remain *mar-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 98 of 145 English Proto-Celtic remain *men-n- (?) remain hanging *glina- remaining, rest *os-to- // *uφo-sto- remit *mat- /mad- (??) renounce *dī-φro-ber-e/o- repentance *ati-φrek-o- (?) reprimand *kom-skʷo- request *ad-ālo- request *uφo-gʷedjā- request *wo-kom-φar(x)-ske/o- resin *sokʷi- (?) rest *kʷowitso- (??) rest *sāmo- resting-place *kʷowitso-magos- (?) restrict *tu-ambi-org-(t-) retaliation *ati-gabagli- retinue *kosto-korjā- (?) retinue *wo-exs-korjo- return *ad-sor-o- return *ati-reg-V- revenge *dī-galā- rich *kom-oxt-āko- rich *su-oφ-smjo- (?) rich *wo-lou-t-āko- rich garment *brotV-rego- (??) riches *? 12 June 2002 Page 99 of 145 English Proto-Celtic riches *alamo- riches *aφnajo- (?) riches *uφo-lauto- (?) rickets *(φ?)likkā- (?) ridge in a field *grundo- (?) / grondo- (??) ridge-pole *nino-kʷrendo- (??) riding a horse > fast (?) *ekʷo-reid-i- right *dexso-, *dexsiwo- right *iφāno- (??) right *kerto- right *kom-wiro- right *rextu- rightful wife *mone-t (?) rigid *rinno- (PBr.) rime; honey-comb *kreikʷ-ro- (??) ring *ande-bitso- (?) ring *ānjā- ring *nasko- ring *walik- ripe *adV-met-V- (??) rise *wor-monijo- rise (from) *ken-je/o- river *abon- river *abonā- river *ambu- river *arno- 12 June 2002 Page 100 of 145 English Proto-Celtic river *Awo-, *Awā- river *sindā- river *srutu- river name *Almā river name *ambri- river name *awantiā- (?) river name *awarā river name *awo- river name *aφs- (?) river name *Bormo- river name *Bred-anjā- (?) river name *Dānu, *Danoos river name *Deiwā- river name *elawar (?) river name *Kloutā- river name *Moino- river name *naronnV- (??) river name *Nidā- river name *Sabrinā- (< -mr- ??) river name *Saljā- river name *Sarno- river name *Sekʷanā- river name *Sikʷ-ari- river name *Sor-ā- river name *sū-rā- river-bank *glando- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 101 of 145 English Proto-Celtic road *bautrV- (???) road (pounded earth) *mantalo- roar *beikk-je/o-, -ai- (??) roar *brem-e/o- roar *durd-e/o- (??) roar *ruxto- robbing *stlatto- (?) rock *akamno-m (?) rock *φalek- rock *φallo- rocks *kloker-ī (?) rocky place *klokir-āko- (?) rod *deli- (?) rod *gasdo- rod *slattā- (?) rod *wliskā- (??) roof *jem-e/o- (?) roof *ninā-(ko-) (?) root *budno- (??) root *wradjo-, *wradmu- (???) root *wridmā- (?) rope *lumanā- (??) rope, belt *φes-tamo- (??) rot *drew- (??) rot *malk(ʷ)-(āj)e/o- (?) rotation *tro-jato- 12 June 2002 Page 102 of 145 English Proto-Celtic rough (*karr-) rough *ad-garwo- rough *dī-lubno- (?) rough *dorso- rough *garwo- rough *gorgo- (, *gergo-?) rough *gurdon-īko- (???) roughness *garwo-tero- round *krundi- roundness *kruno-tero- row (*era-, *rā-) row, series *sritā- rowan-tree *karotīno- royal *tigern-āko- rubbish (?) *roud-o- (?) rudder *luwijo- (??) rule (*rīg-) rule *wlati- rule *wol-n-a- (?) ruler *tigerno- ruler *walatro- ruler, helmsman *φlew-jo- ruling *kʷenn-axto- run *dru(w)- (?) run *rātjo- (Ir.), *rāto- (W) run *ret-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 103 of 145 English Proto-Celtic run *ret-e/o- run *ret-u- run *uφo-ret-e/o- run with *kom-ret-e/o- rush *brugn-injo- rush *joini- (?) rush *se(x)skā- rush, reed *semīno- (?) rushlight, candle *φiturnajo- (??) rust *mergi- (??) rust *rut-o- (?) sacred *kād(j)o- (?) sacred *noibo- sacred place *nemeto- (n.) sacrifice *ati-od-bher-to- (?) sad *ad-ougro- sadness *(φ?)lakno- saliva LW < Lat.?? salmon *esāk- salmon *φenk-īnjo- salmon *φorko- salt (sal- 2) salt *salano- salt-marsh *mori-mag- (?) salty *salto- same *kom-φadasto- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 104 of 145 English Proto-Celtic same *somo- same size *kom-mantī- saturation *sāti- saviour *wo-reto-wir- say *ag- say *med-e/o- (?) say *mrū- say *sag-je/o- [2] (?) say *sekʷ-e/o- 2 say *weg-e/o- (?) say *werd-e/o- (?) say *wet-e/o- saying *laudo- scab; hillock *krakko- scale *lannā- (??) scale *skanto- scale of fish *gann(j)o- (??) scatter *skal-e/o- (??) scrape *krab- scratch *skrībb- scratch off *skerd-e/o- scratch, itch *kots-āje/o- (??) scrotum *kutV- sea *boukanjā- sea *liro- (?) sea *mori- (n.) 12 June 2002 Page 105 of 145 English Proto-Celtic sea *morīno- sea *mori-steigh-(e/o-) sea *s(w?)ālo- sea *trijaton- (??) sea-inlet *mori-gablo- seal - (LW < OE) seam *wrimbo- (??) search *swiljāje/o- (?) sea-shore *mori-kʷā- (?) seat (*sesto-) seat *āso- (?) seat *kom-exs-dī-sed-o- seat *sedlo- seat *sedo- seat *sod-jo-m seaweed *wimmāni- ?? secluded place *φari-kel-o- second swarm of bees to leave the hiv *tarwo-satjāsecret *kom-rūno- secret *rūnā- secret (?) *sani-stā- (?) secure *dī-u(φ)o-kel-e/o- sedges *se-sk-ā- (?) sediment *uφo-dāto- see (*reg-) see *derk-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 106 of 145 English Proto-Celtic see *kes-je/o- (?) see *stiln-ā(je/o)- (?) see *wel-e/o- seed *rīto(s)- seed *satā- seed *seg-os- seed *sīlo- seeing, sight *wo-luk-o- seek *sag-je/o-[1] seek *φar- (?) seer, poet *welet- (?) seething *tanaro- seize (*reφ-) self *oun-āno- sell *φri-n-e/o- send *lā-(j)e/o- (?) send *tu-/dī-ande-mon-(ej)e/o- (?) send *woid-eje/o- send away *swoid-(e)je/o- (?) sense *kondo- sense *menman- senseless *dī-kʷeislo- separate *kri-n-e/o- separate *skar-e/o- separate (?) *wo-dāl- separation *autedo- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 107 of 145 English Proto-Celtic separation *skarto- serious *dī-brig- servant *ambi-axto- servant *arat- servant *kakljo- (?) servant *magu- (not *mogu-) servant *wo-gnī-t-āko- servant (?) *ad-ber-o- (?) serve *uφo-gnī-je/o- serve *wo-gnī-t-āje/o- service *wo-stā-n-axto- service tree *kormiljā- ? set (of sun) *uφo-nes-eje/o- (?) seven *sextam seventh (*sextamo-) seventh *sextameto- seventy *sextamokonta (?) sew *w(V)r-ī- (?) sex *slektu- (??) sexual intercourse *got-je/o- (?) shad (fish) *alausā- shade *uφo-skāto-, *-ā- shadow (*skā-) shadow *skāl-, *skalī- shadow *skāto- shake *kri-n-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 108 of 145 English Proto-Celtic shake *kris-t-āje/o- (?) shake *kri-t- shake *krott(j)ā-je/o- shake *lou-ske/o- (?) shake *r(o)us-(j)e/o- (?) shaking *kri-tr-i- (?) shaking, fever *kritu- (-i-?) shame *nāsrijā- sharp (*āko-) sharp *akero- sharp *akro- sharp *gli-wā- sharp *kerb-o- sharp *okero- (?) sharp *sliφsmo- sharp, sour *gigro- sharpen *ok- sharpen *slib-sm-sag-e/o- sharpness *okaro- she *sī she (with emphasis) *si-sī sheaf, spray of flowers (?) *manatlo- shear *knab-īje/o- shearing knife *φaltani- (-ī-?) shears *wellamo- (??) sheath *wagīnā- 12 June 2002 Page 109 of 145 English Proto-Celtic sheaves *stā-tā- sheep *damato- sheep *kaφrk- sheep *kitt- (??) sheep *lno- ?? (cf. lono-) sheep *molto- sheep *owi- shell *barennkā- (?) shells *blaiskV- (Ir.), *blīskV- (W) shepherd *owi-stā-ro- (?) shield *skeito- shine (*dei-) shine (*erk-) shine (*kai-, *kī- (?)) shine (*leuk-) shine *ban-e/o- (?) shine *dellorato- (??) shine *dīs-klai-r-je/o- (?) shining *berto- shining *sunno- (?) shining *surdo- / *sordo- (?) shining (?) *gleiso-, *gleisto- ship *nāw- shirt *kamisjā- (?) shirt *laknet- (?) shirt *lesanjo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 110 of 145 English Proto-Celtic shiver *skri-t- shivering *(ad-)kri- (??) shoe *arkenno- (?) shoe *kourano- shoe *φaksajo- (wrong) shoe *φeskūti- (?) shoe-maker *karφjo-, *karφimon- shoes *arkenato- (??) shoot (plant) *gastā- shoots *ak-īno- shore *traxtu- short *berro- short *gari- short *gerro- short *kerto- 2 shorten, delete *kom-berr-sag-e/o- (?) shot *arkʷeto- shoulder *gublon- shoulderblade *skeito-, *skeitā- shoulderblade *φlitjā- shout *glagmā- (?) show *deik- shower *kawat(o)- shrink *krid- sick (*serg-) sick *klamo- 12 June 2002 Page 111 of 145 English Proto-Celtic sickle *krumbano- sickle *krumb-āno- (?)- sickness *klam-ito- side *letos- side *stlisti- side *toibos- (?) sieve *kreitro- sieve *sī-tlo- sigh *oxanV- (?) sigh *uk(k?) sight *widā- sign *ande-matī- (??) sign *φari-denajo- sign *φari-widjo- silver *arganto- (n.) similar *kom-samali- similar *likʷ(kʷ)i- (??) similar *samali- similar *samal-itso- (?) sin *ambi-φro-metsu- (< *-med-tu-) sin *kulo- sin *med-e/o- (?) sing *kan-e/o- sing *swer- (?) singer *kan-jato- (?) single grain *grān-injo- 12 June 2002 Page 112 of 145 English Proto-Celtic singularity *φoutato- (?) sister *swesor- sit *exs-dī-sed-e/o- sit *sed-e/o- six *swexs sixth *swexseto- size *mantī- size *mantī- skeleton *skrou-to- skin *(s)kramman- (?) skin *beino- (?) skin *kenni- skin *knetsV- skin *kudalo- (?) skin *sekjā- skin *tunnā-/*tonnā- skull *krāsjano- (??) sky *rik-eto- skylark *malxwit- (?) slack *laggo- (??) slack *lasko-, lesko- slander *ande-līkʷ-o- slant *lexsowjo- slanting *kloino- slaughter *agro-, *agrā- slaughter *maxt-(āj?)-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 113 of 145 English Proto-Celtic slaughter *slad-et-īk-axtā- slaughter *wan-ī- (?) slave, labourer *teges-āko- sleep *kusk-āje/o- sleep *kusko- (??) sleep *suφno- sleep *swoφ-e/o- (?) sleep *tol-(e)je/o- (?) sleeplessness *an-suφn-ijā- sleepy *suφn-āko- sleeve *φlāmo-wetsV- (?) slender *swengo- (?) slide (*sleib- (??)) slide *lisd- slide *sleid-, sli-n-d- sling *trok(ʷ)alo- (?) slippery *slibno- / *slimno- (?) sloe *arjanjo- slope *rīwā- (?) slope, field *wagno- slow *aramo- slow *dousjo- (?) slow *dowjo- (?) slow *mallo- slow *mergijo- (?) sluggish, languid *lexsko- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 114 of 145 English Proto-Celtic small *bikko-, bikkakno- small *bikk-no- small *lagu- (?) small *legu- (?) small *menw(o)- small *menwo- smear *slig-e/o- (?) smell *bulato- (?) smith *gobn- (?) smithy *gobalī- (??) smoke *dwijat- smoke *mūko- (?) smooth, shining *l(e)nt-ro- smoothe, flatten *slimnije/o- (?) snail *selekjo- snake *angu- (?) sneeze *(φ)streu- snipe *gījokkV- (???) snore *φstri-n-we/o- (?) snout *srubu- / *srubi- snow *ladgo- (-ā-?) (?) snow *snigʷ- so that the more *φari-wo-stā- (?) soft *bukko-, buko- (??) soft *leino- soft *malawo- 12 June 2002 Page 115 of 145 English Proto-Celtic soft *med-alo- (?) soft *merwi- soft *mīno- soft *mlāti- soft *mlido- (Br.), *meld-āko- (Ir.) soft *moiti- soft *muxto- soft *taxsi- soft *tlā-ti- sole *swol-V- solid *balko- solid *dangino- (?) solid *digino- (?) some *(?) some time *ateko- some(one, -thing) *ne-kʷ-āto- someone *ne-kʷo- someone *ne-kʷ-ouno- son *makʷ(kʷ)o- son, daughter *-gnāto-, *-gnātā- song *drenxtā- (?) song *kantlo- song *natā- (?) song *wi- (?) soon *moksu soot *sodjā-, *soidjā- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 116 of 145 English Proto-Celtic soot *sūd- (??) sorrow *galaro- sorrow *kamawo- (?) soul *anaman- soul *anatī- sound (*weg- (?)) sound *der-, *dren-s-, daro- (?) sound *durdo- (!) sound *wo-gar-o- sound *wogro- (?) south *dexso- sow *seg- (?) sow (pig) *berantī- sow (pig) *krākni- sow (pig) *wetsi- spade *kʷalo- (?) spade *roumā- (?) spade *wekkā- (?) spare, save *(ari-)kʷet- spark *wrikk- (??) speak (*bā-) speak (*brād-) speak (*eni-sekʷ-e/o-) speak (*ka(n)s- (?)) speak *(φ?)labro- speak *bāg-e/o- (?!?) 12 June 2002 Page 117 of 145 English Proto-Celtic speak *bat-e/o- (?) speak *gar-e/o- speak *glād- (?!?) speak *labar-aje/o- (?) speak *rād-(e)je/o- speak *sekʷ-e/o- speak *stlund-je/o- (?) speak *sφrag- speak *tluk- spear *gaiso- spear *kal- spear *kestā- spear *kesti- (?) spear *kʷarφo- (?) spear *lagīnā- spear *s(φ?)ligā- spear *uφo-gaisu- spear(-shaft) *barko- speckled *ambi-līw-o- speckled *ballāko- speckled *φerko- speech *brādo- speech *eni-sekʷjā- spell *brixtā- spin *sφen- (?) spin, braid *snije/o- 12 June 2002 Page 118 of 145 English Proto-Celtic spindle *wertito- spinning *snīmā- spinster *morwen- (??) spirit *draugo- / *drougo- spirit *dusjo- spit (stake) *beru- spittle *blenni-, blanno- (??) spleen *sφelgā- split (*bera- (?)) split (*dera-) split (*skʷel- (?)) split *dlog-(e)je/o- (?) split *kri-n-a- split *skand-rā-je/o- (??) split *skʷolt- split *sφlind- (?) spoon *leigā- spot *kaljo- spotted *reibāko- spread *ster-n-a- spread *sφera-, *sφrei- (?) spread *uφo-ster-n-a- spread out (*φeta-) spread out (*φlā-) sprig of grass *trāno- spring *brewant- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 119 of 145 English Proto-Celtic spring *wasanteino- (??) spring *φerrāko- sprinkling *tagnā- sprout (*del(a)- (?)) squeak *wīkk- (qPBr.) stable *krāφo- (?) stable *kʷentīlo- (??) stable *uφo-stato- stag *sido- stags *karw-et-ī (?) stain *korb- stain *mandā(ri)- stalk *kalamon- (?) stalks *wlido- stallion *kallukko- (?) stammer *gotto- stammering *mlaisko- (??) stand (*stā-) stand *sista- stand *stā-(j)e/o- stand *stam- stand *sta-ne/o- standing (*-sto-) star *ster- starling *trosd-, trosdejā- (?) statute (?) *dedmā- 12 June 2002 Page 120 of 145 English Proto-Celtic stay *ana- stay *westi- stay *wo-trīk-e/o- (?) steal (*mer- (?)) steal *tli-na- steep cliff *wor-alt-ā- (?) step *ban(s)man- step *gran-n-d-e/o- (?) step *kang(s)man- step *kerdi- stepson *(φ?)listo-makʷ(kʷ)o- (?) stern of ship *φari-sosto- stick *lorgo- stick *sφond-ā- stick to *li-n-a- stiff *sterto- stiff, stretched *regino- stillness *glanjā- sting *skʷarno-, *skʷarnī- sting (?) *brazd-e/o- sting (?) *got- (?) stinking *bragno- (?) / *mrakno- (??) stomach *bru- (?) stomach, intestines *m(e)nt-lā- stone *arto- stone *gallo- 12 June 2002 Page 121 of 145 English Proto-Celtic stone *karrek- (?) stone *kluggā- (??) stone *krako- stone *lijank- (??) stone *lwak(k)V- (??) stone *maKnV- (??) stone *ondes- stop *sed-ā-je/o- (?) storeroom *kuljā- (?) story *skʷetlo- strangle *tak- strap *telno- (?) strawberries *su-b-ī- stream *reino- stream *snāw-ā- stream *sraw-ā- (?) stream *sredV- stream *srousman- (< *-eu-?) stream *sφrebā- strength *(s)tolgo- (?) strength *aφl-ant- (?) strength *gred(s)man- (??) strength *krimo-tero- strength *kʷekʷto- strength *nerto- strength *tew(j)o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 122 of 145 English Proto-Celtic stretch (out) *sī-n-e/o- (?) stretch out *ten-e/o- stretch out (e.g. the hand) *reg-e/o- strew *strow-e/o- strike (*(φ?)lak-) strike (*keld- (?)) strike (*teug-) strike *bat-we/o-, batt- (?) strike *beja-, *bī- (?) strike *be-na-je/o- strike *bono- strike *bug-lā-(j)e/o- strike *s(φ?)lad-e/o- (?) strike *slig-e/o- (??) striker (?) *dano- string *tantā- string *temppu- (??) string *φari-wets(r)V- (?) (< *-wed-t-) stripe *s(t)reibā- (?) strive (*jat- (?)) strive (*wein-) striving *ad-jatu- stroke *boldjā- stroke *wor-limn-e/o- (?) strong (*oug-) strong *bolo- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 123 of 145 English Proto-Celtic strong *brosk-o- strong *bruwo- (sic) strong *dewjo- (?) strong *dweno- strong *krimo- (?) strong *krip(p)- (???) strong *kʷekʷro- strong *sagro- strong *sitro- (?) strong *su-nerti- strong *trātso- (?) strong (*of big strength) *nerto-māro- stronger *trexso- strongest *trex-samo- (?) strongest *trexsamo- (?) stunted, dwarfish *korro- subordinate *wosto- / *uφo-sto- (?) suck (*meud-) suck *dī-n-e/o- (?) suck *sūg-e/o- suck *suφ-ne/o- (???) sudden *dīssomutto- (???) sudden attack, anger *rextV- suffer (*kent-) suffer *kant-se/o- (?) suffer *uφo-dama-je/o- 12 June 2002 Page 124 of 145 English Proto-Celtic suffer, bear *wo-lu-n-g-e/o- suffix (abstracts) *-tūti- summer *samo- summer farm *samo-buti- summit *brīko- sun *sāwel-, sūl-(i-) surety *makko- (?) surface (?) *landā- surge of waves *tonno-galo- (?) surge of waves *tonno-garā- (?) surplus *wor-kretV- (?) swallow *(s)lunk-e/o- swallow *lo(x)sman- (?) swallow *wennālo- ?? swamp *korkākā- swamp; mud, dung *kekʷurā-; *kekʷari- (?) swan *alarko- swan *elajo- (??) swan *gal-s-ā- (?) swan *gansi- swarm *satjā- / *-ī- (?) swarm of bees *bit-amani- (?) swear *tung-e/o- (?) sweat *switso- sweat (< *drop) *s(φ)aki- (??) sweet *bādi- 12 June 2002 Page 125 of 145 English Proto-Celtic sweet *melisti- (?, -st- < *-tt-) sweet *swadu- sweet *sweko- sweet milk *lemrixto- (??) swell (*brend) swell, grow *tum-e/o- swell? *īljo- swelling *bulakā- (?) swelling *sweido- (??) swim *snā-(j)e/o- swim *snāmu- (?) swineherd *mukk-(i)ato- swing *kerd-e/o- swirl *swerb-e/o- sword *kladimo- (?) sword *kledo- sword *kolgo-, kalgo- (?) sword *slakk- sword-flag *a/eli/es(t)r- (?) swordpoint *φugo- (?) table *klāro- tail *errā- tail *losto-, *lostā- tail *lostV- take (*nem-) take *gan-n-d-e/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 126 of 145 English Proto-Celtic take *sel-e/o- take *tal- (?) take *tu-kom-ber-e/o- take off one's shoes *dī-arken-āje/o- tale *kom-sketlo- tallow *wero- tallow, fat *(φ?)louno-, *(φ?)lono- (???) tame *domo- tarrying, delay *(ad-)mello- taste *blast-o-sag-e/o- (?) taste *mlastā-, mlasto- taste *tab-a- (?) tasty *mlits-īko- (?) teach *wor-kan-e/o- teacher *wor-kantl-(j)ato- teal *krakko-swijat- (?) tear (*reiφ-) tear *dakr- tear *leg-je/o- (??) tear *reik-e/o- tear *reipp-e/o- tear *wandā- teat *diddi- (??) teat *dilo- teat *sφenjo- tell *weid-e/o- 12 June 2002 Page 127 of 145 English Proto-Celtic temple *(kom-)osti- temple *φar(i)-ausjo- ten *dekam tender *meldu- (?) tender, delicate *teni- tendon, nerve *gʷjā- (?) tenth *dekameto- terrace (?) *skabno- (?) terror *φari-stei-tu- (?) testicle *kalljo- (?) testicle *orgjā- tetter *derwitā- that *emo- (?) that *sindo-de (?) that is *esti emos (?) thaw *tā-je/o- theft *merVljo- (?) theft *ser-wo- theft *ster-wā- their *esom there *anda (??) there *kei thick *rem- thick *tegu- thief *tagat- thief *tāti- 12 June 2002 Page 128 of 145 English Proto-Celtic thigh *mārjeito- (?) thigh *sφleixs-ont-ī- thin *ad-koilo- thin *koilo- thin *mīno-, *meino- (??) thin *s(φ)eimi- (?) thin *tanawo- think *mon-je/o- think *rād-(je/o-) think *smoudn-je/o- (?) thinking *mento- (/*manto-) thinness *koiljā- third *tristo- third *tritjo- thirst *tar(s)to- thirst *φīntotāt- (?) thirty *trī-kont-es this *(so-)sin this *sindo- this year *se-blidnī (??) thorn (*akto-) thorn *delgos- thorn *gulban- (?) thorn *kentr- (LW < Lat. centrum ?) thought *ambi-rādo- thousand *mīl(j)o- (?, or < Lat.?) 12 June 2002 Page 129 of 145 English Proto-Celtic thread *dlūto- thread *kulmbo- (?) thread *snātjo- (?) thread *snā-to- thread *weit-, *wit(-enn-) thread *φatamā- (?) threaten *tu-mat- (?) three- *tri- three (f.) *tisres three (m.) *trīns (Acc. pl.) three times *trejo-djo- threshing floor *φitu-landā- threshold *trātt- (??) thrice *tris(tos) thrift *arkVmm- (???) throat *brongo- (?) through *trei, *tri throw (*koru-) throw *bur-we/o- (??) throw *mat- (?) throw *sφrei-(j)e/o- throw *tab(a)l- (?) throw *tjeg-e/o- (?) throw *φari-koru- thrush *traskl- thunder *torano- 12 June 2002 Page 130 of 145 English Proto-Celtic thus *ja (?) thus *samalo-sindV (?) thus *sou (??) tie (*snī-) tie *φari-nask-e/o- time *ad-menserā- time *tanā- time of day when (also place where) c *esweid- (???) tin *stagno- tired *blīno- tired *sk(ʷ?)īto- (?) tiredness *loudetā- / *louditā- to *kʷu (?) to *tu (?) to graze *φā-r-eje/o- (?) to where *kʷei to wind (*kamb-) toad, frog *lu/isφ-ant- (???) today *se-diwos toil (*sai- (?)) tongs *gabalī- tongs *gabalī- (??) tongue *liguru- (?) tongue *tabāt- (?) too *φro tooth *dant- 12 June 2002 Page 131 of 145 English Proto-Celtic top *blakno- / *blag(e)no- (??) top, summit *korro- top, tip *rendi- torture *ri-n-g-e/o- (Ir.), *-reig-no- (W) tough *wi-t-no- (?) tow *exs-karto- tower *turi(t)- track *lorgo- / *lurgo- (??) track *φolgo- (?) track, section *slixtu- trample *mantr-e/o- (?) trample *saltr-āje/o- (?) trample *wor-sang-e/o- travel (*weg- 1) travel *reid-e/o- travel *reido- travel by sea *rā-(j)e/o- treason *mrato- tree *kʷranno- (?) tree trunk *būsti- tree, leaf *beljā- (?) trees, forest *ari-kaito- trespass *binjo- (?) troop *drungo- (?) troop *keternā- (?) troop *tranto- 12 June 2002 Page 132 of 145 English Proto-Celtic trouble *morketo- (?) trouble *saitu- (?) trousers *brākā- trousers *lātro- trout *mr-ī- (??) trout *mrixtil(l)o- (?) true *kom-wīro- (sic) true *wīro- truth *wīrjā- truth *wīrjānjā- (?) truthful, just *wīrjāno- tube *swittā- tuber *asdo- tunic *ruxtu- turbulent; ripe (of nuts) *wix-sk-ī-mo- (?) turn (*streng- (?)) turn (*swel-) turn (*wel(a)- (?)) turn (*wert-) turn *sow-je/o- (?) turn *swelā- turn *swelā- turn *tro-e/o- (?) turn *wel-we/o- (?) turn *wertā-(je/o-) turn around (?) *ambi-sou-eje/o- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 133 of 145 English Proto-Celtic twelve *dou-dek-am (?) twenty *wikantī twig *wejā- (?) twig *wija-l-injā- twin *jemno- twist *remb- two (f.) *dwei (?) two (m.) *dwā(w) (?) two times *dwei-φlo- udder *(φ)utu- (?) ugly *du-kʷritu- ugly *sakro- ulcer *swarr- (?) umbilical cord *strenganjo- (??) unblemished? *dī-anami- (, -o-?) uncle *awontīr- under *en-sto- (??) under *tanos (?) under *uφo(-) under *φīts-otV (?) understand (*kʷeit-e/o-) understand *(tu-)u-n-k-e/o- understand *kʷeillā- unhappy *dus-garo- (?) union *kom-al-tijā- unique *dī-samalo- 12 June 2002 Page 134 of 145 English Proto-Celtic unity *oināko- unity *oinotāt(u)- (?) unknown *an-gnāto- unmarried *oinotamo- unmerciful *an-trougo-karo- unpleasant *an-teki- unpleasant *ati-kats-o- (?) unpowerful *an-komoxto- unskilful *an-kom-dīlo- (?) unsuccessful? *an-gabagli- unworthy *an-t??l-VngV- (???) unworthy *an-tuwilongi- (?) urine *mūnā- (?) urine *stalto- urine *woglo- (??) urine, faeces *(s)trunk-V- us two *nā(te)rV- (?) use *andīljā- (??) use *bawos- (?) uterus *wambā- valley *(s)tinowo- (??) valley *dolā- (?) valley *glennos- valley *kumbā- valley *kʷanto- (?) valley *nanto- 12 June 2002 Page 135 of 145 English Proto-Celtic valour *φro-mik-o- (?) vapour *muket(o)-(orto-?) variegated *alto- variegated *breito- vehement *krokko- vehicle *reidā- vein *witt(ā)- (?) very *abro- very blue/green *wor-glatso- very dark *wor-dubu- very happy *su-garo- very heavy *wor-trumbo- (?) very large *tu-ari-māro- (?) very poor *ad-trougo- very powerful *wor-nerto- very thin *ad-koilo- vessel *kʷer-nā- victorious *boudīko- victory *boudi- victory *kobo- victory *sego(s)- (?) victory cry *ijuluko- // *eluko- (??) view *drixsmā- vigour *φari-gal-ā- village *wīko-, *wīku- virgin(ity) *magutaxtā- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 136 of 145 English Proto-Celtic vocative *ā voice *gʷutu- voice *le(φ)mo- (?) vomit *skʷetī- (?) wagon *bennā- wagon *karbanto-, *karbito- (?) wagon *korbo- wagon *wegno- wait *net-e/o-(?) waking, attention *φarejā- walk around *wor-ambi-texto- walking *stebulo- wall *wālo- wallow *kran-je/o- (?) wander *ambi-takto- (?) wander through *ser-e/o- want *men-n-dh-e/o- (?) warlike *āgo-māro- warlike *bāg-āko- warlike *katāko- warlike *su-kati- warm *gʷer-(e)je/o- (?) warm *gʷormo- (?) warm *klit(j)o- (?) warrior *katu-mīlet- (mīlet- LW < Lat.) warrior *kenget- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 137 of 145 English Proto-Celtic warrior, hero *neit-s (?) wash (*lewa- (?)) wash *nig-e/o- wash *wolk-e/o-, -eje/o- wash over (cf. rain) *uφo-law-e/o- wasp *krasrī- (?) wasp *wosφī- (??) watchman *φarjāno- water *(φ?)lendu- (?) water *akʷā- water *boglo- (?) /*bVulo- (??) water *dubro- water *iskā- water *lawo- water *udeskio- (?) water *utso- water *φeno- water *φono- (?) water, river *stagro- watercress *beruro- (?) waterfall *rejatro- (sic) water-hen *dubro-jarā- wattled fence *bando-koro- (?) wave *tundā- (?) way *bīti- (?) way *sentu- 12 June 2002 Page 138 of 145 English Proto-Celtic we *(s)nīs weak *gʷano- weak *lubro- (sic) weak (?) *trāto- weakling *drettillo- weakness *lexsk-jo- (?) wean *dī-do-n-eie/o- (?) weather *sīnā- weave (*weja-) weave *weg-je/o- (?) weaver's beam; gum (of teeth) *karb-agno- weaving *ande-weg-V- weaving *weg-ā- (Br.), *weg-jā- (Ir.) wedding, feast *bano-westV- wedge *geni- well-built *su-tum-o/ā- wet (*lat-) wet (*weg- 2 (?)) wet *(ambi-??)nastu- (?) wet *delto- wet *wlikʷu- whale *mori-mīlo- wheat *torjVnā- wheat *wo-nixto- wheel *drogo- (??) wheel *rito- 12 June 2002 Page 139 of 145 English Proto-Celtic wheel *roto- whelp *kuleino- when *kʷan- when *kʷani (??) where, how *kʷuts (?) whet *slib-sm-āje/o- whetstone *okaleinā- (??) whey *mesgā- whip *sφrogwillā- (??) whistle *swīkʷ-ano- (?) white *argjo- white *bāno- white *gelo- (?) white *kan(s)to- (?) white *leuko- white *louko- white *windo- white hazel *windo-kolno- white, gray *blāro- white-faced *balo- white-headed *kʷenno-windo- whiteness *windo-tero- whitewort *ambranro-windā- (?) whiting *wind-jāto- (?) who *kʷei(-jo) who, which ? 12 June 2002 Page 140 of 145 English Proto-Celtic whole? *φougo- whore *gatsā- (??) whore *luttā- whose is *kʷi-ow- (??) why *kʷa(s)ir (??) wide *φlitano- widow *widwā- width *φlitanjā- width *φlito- wild *weido- wild *wiltV- (??) wild pig *weido-mokku- will *budā- will be born *gi-gen-ā- willow *salik-(o-) wind *dī-reig-n- wind *winto- (?) wing *φatano- wing *φet-t- (??) winged *φatanāko- winnow *kʷāti- winnow *nixto- winter *gajamo- (?) wise *kato- wise *su-wid- wish *ad-kuφ-ro- 12 June 2002 Page 141 of 145 English Proto-Celtic wish *dūli- wish *moni- wish *φrijarā- with *ag(g) (?) with *kanta (< *kth₂?) with a broad chest *breust-āko- withered *krīno- withered *wiwo- without shoes *dī-arkeno- (?) witness *weidon- wizard *soit-ālo- woe *margi- (?) wolf *bledo-, *bledjo- wolf *wailī- (??) (-kū ) woman *benā- woman *wrak-ī- (?) woman *wrakkā- [1] wonder *ande-oxto- wonder *bert-outV-/īto- (?) wonderful *eretsV- (??) wood *kaldit- (?) wood *widu- woodcock *kesφil-āko- (???) wool *wlanā- word *breitro- word *woxtlo- 12 June 2002 Page 142 of 145 English Proto-Celtic word, speech *gar-jo- work *werg-je/o- (?) world *albjo- world *bitu- worm *kʷrimi- worm *wrigantī- worry *aφo/an(?)-maro- worry *brugno- worst *waxt-isamo- worth as much (< *equal standing) *kom-statlo- worth, value *werto- worthless *au-ber-o- wound *ad-lāto- wound *gʷan-e/o- wound *gʷani- wound *knidā- wound *krekto- wound *nexso- wound *wolījo-, *uφolījo- (??) wound *wolīs-āje/o- (?) wound(ed) *goisd-jo- wound, kill *gʷon-eje/o- (?) wrathful *amnets-V- (??) wrestler *luxterjo- (?) wretched, evil *trukko- wrinkle *gruggo- (??) 12 June 2002 Page 143 of 145 English Proto-Celtic wrinkle *mergā- (?) wrinkled *gerbāko- wrist *ari-durno- year (*wet-, *wetos-) year *bl(e)id-anī- (?) year *bleido- yearling goat in milk *eburn-īkā- year's time *blid-anī-wexto- yellow *badjo- yellow *blāwo- yellow *melino- yellow, brown *gello- yes *to (?) yesterday *gdijes yew *eburo- (?) yew *iwo- yoke *jugo-, *jugā- (??) yoke *wed(il)o- you *tū young *jowanko- young animal *kanawon- young animal *kuwo- young animal *menn-agno- (?) young man *wiro-jowanko- young woman *anderā- younger *jeu(j)os- (?) 12 June 2002 Page 144 of 145 English Proto-Celtic youngest *juw-amo- (?) your *towo (?) your (pl.) ? your (sg.) *tu (?) youth *jowantūt- youth *makʷ-īno- zeal *jantu- 12 June 2002 Page 145 of 145