Socialization and identity Plan 1 The relationship between the individual and society. Theories of socialization and identity (T. Parsons, G.H. Mead). 2 Stages of socialization. Primary socialization. Secondary socialization. 3 Adult stage of socialization. Gender socialization. Gender Word: Socialisation (n) The literal meaning of the word: In sociology, socialization is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained Context Sentence: the activity of mixing socially with others. "socialization with students has helped her communication skills" Synonyms: interact converse get together Word: Socail defense (n) The literal meaning of the word: The act or action of defending Context Sentence: Social defense theory: How a mixture of personality traits in group contexts may promote our survival. Synonyms: security protection cover Word: Socail barriers (n) The literal meaning of the word: Something material that blocks or is intended to block passage or something immaterial that impedes or separates Context Sentence: Cultural barriers have made it hard for women to enter many professions. Synonyms: block wall obstacle The relationship between the individual and society. Theories of socialization and identity (T. Parsons, G.H. Mead). 1 There are two theories in sociology that explain the processes of socialization and identity. These are role theory, represented by structural functionalism (Talcott Parsons), and symbolic interactionism (Joey Herbert Mead). Let's consider each of them in more detail. According to the role theory, society is a complex system of various functional parts working to maintain the stability of society as a whole. Social institutions define roles for members of society, which the latter master in the course of socialization. Social roles have goals that enable a society to function successfully. In fact, society forces individuals to follow social roles using external and internal means of coercion. External means include visible reward or punishment, and internal means morality (the requirements and expectations of society internalized by the individual). Symbolic interactionism is an attempt not only to state the need, but also to explain the mechanism of socialization of the individual, i.e. assimilation of social norms. According to this theory, the most important aspect of social interaction is the exchange of verbal and non-verbal symbols (words, facial expressions, gestures). In the course of such an exchange, people can imagine the effect of their influence on other people. People, as it were, conduct an internal conversation with themselves, anticipating the reaction of others, i.e. trying on their social roles. By anticipating the reaction of other people in the course of interactions with them, we gain the ability to consciously monitor our own behavior. As a result of this anticipation of the reaction of others, a person develops a kind of social or “mirror self. 2 Stages of socialization. Primary socialization. Secondary socialization. Socialization is the process of mastering and assimilation by an individual of cultural values, social norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior necessary for successful functioning in a given society. The content of the socialization process is the transformation of a person from a biological being into a social being, i.e. the formation and formation of personality. Socialization is not a short-term, but a long-term process that continues throughout the life of an individual and includes a number of stages: childhood, adolescence, maturity, old age. The most intensive socialization occurs in childhood and adolescence. Allocate primary and secondary socialization. Primary socialization covers the period from birth to the formation of a mature personality. Secondary socialization is the process of developing a socially mature personality, mainly associated with mastering a profession. Individuals, groups, as well as social institutions through which socialization occurs are called agents of socialization. 3 Adult stage of socialization. Gender socialization. Gender The adult stage of socialization is associated with personal self-realization. At this stage, a person passes on his experience to children, gets involved in interaction with family, colleagues, is satisfied with his life. The final stage after 50 years is characterized by the person's awareness of his own "I". During this period, a person is aware of his life and accepts it. Also, depending on the forms of socialization, the following stages of socialization can be distinguished: pre-work - childhood, adolescence; labor - maturity; after labor - old age. Each subsequent stage of socialization involves the expansion of forms of interaction between man and society. The pre-labor stage, which falls on the period of childhood and adolescence, is characterized by a passive form of socialization, in which a person learns, without questioning existing social norms and experience, and strives to integrate into society. Gender socialization (sex-role socialization) is the process of assimilation by an individual of the cultural system of gender of the society in which he lives. Gender socialization includes two interrelated components: The individual's assimilation of acceptable models of male and female behavior, relationships, norms, values and gender stereotypes. The influence of society, the social environment on the individual in order to instill in him certain rules and standards of behavior that are socially accepted for women and men in a given socio-cultural space. There are two phases of gender socialization: Adaptive - external adaptation to existing gender relations, norms and roles. Internalization - the essential assimilation of male and female roles, values, stereotypes. Exit ticket: 3-2-1