Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 | 69th edition For 66 years, the BP Statistical Review of World Energy has provided high-quality objective and globally consistent data on world energy markets. The review is one of the most widely respected and authoritative publications in the field of energy economics, used for reference by the media, The Statisticalacademia, Review world of World Energyand analyses governments energy A new edition published every June. data on worldcompanies. energy markets from isthe prior year. The Review has been providing timely, comprehensive and objectiveDiscover datamore to online the energy community since 1952. All the tables and charts found in the latest printed edition are available at bp.com/statisticalreview plus a number of extras, including: • The energy charting tool – view predetermined reports or chart specific data according to energy type, region, country and year. • Historical data from 1965 for many sections. • Additional data for refined oil production demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewables. • PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel workbook of the data. • Regional and country factsheets. • Videos and speeches. Energy Outlook Watch the BP Energy Outlook 2017 video, Discover more online containing our projections of long-term energy to 2035. Download the booklet and All the tables and charts found intrends the printed edition are available presentation materials at bp.com/energyoutlook at bp.com/statisticalreview plus a number of extras, including: Join the conversation • The energy charting tool – view predetermined reports or chart #BPstats specific data according to energy type, region, country and year. • Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional the BP tables. World Energy app country and regional coverageDownload for all consumption • Additional data for refined oil production demand, natural gas, coal, Explore the world of energy from your tablet or hydroelectricity, nuclear energy and renewables. smartphone. Customize charts and perform the • PDF versions and PowerPointcalculations. slide packsReview of the the charts, data maps online and offline. and graphs, plus an Excel workbook and database format of Download the app for free from the Apple the data. Download the bp World Energy app Explore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone. Customize charts and perform the calculations. Review the data online and offline. Download the app for free from the Apple App Store and Google play store. App Store and Google play store. Disclaimer The data series for proved oil and gas reserves in BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2017 does not necessarily Contents Introduction 2 C hief executive officer’s introduction 3 2019 at a glance 4 The year in review Primary energy 8 Consumption 9 Consumption by fuel 11 Consumption per capita CO2 Carbon 13 Carbon dioxide emissions Oil 14 16 20 26 28 30 Reserves Production Consumption Prices Refining Trade movements Natural gas 32 34 36 39 40 44 46 47 49 Renewable energy Reserves Production Consumption Prices Trade movements 53 55 56 57 Coal 59 Generation 61 Generation by fuel Reserves Production Consumption Prices and trade movements Nuclear energy 50 Consumption Hydroelectricity 51 Consumption Renewables consumption Generation by source Biofuels production Biofuels consumption Electricity Key minerals 62 Production 63 Reserves 63 Prices Appendices 64 64 65 65 Approximate conversion factors Methodology Definitions More information Methodology This year we have made the following two methodological changes: first, energy units have been changed from million tonnes of oil equivalent to exajoules. Second, the method for estimating primary energy consumption of non-fossil sources of electricity, has been revised. This is still based on an ‘input-equivalence’ method, i.e. on the amount of fuel that would be required by a standard thermal power station to generate the reported electricity output. However the thermal efficiency assumed for that standard power plant is no longer fixed. The efficiency assumption rises each year to better reflect real world improvements in the average power station thermal efficiency. For more details see the appendix, or visit: www.bp.com/statisticalreview. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 1 Chief executive officer’s introduction That compares with just 10% provided by renewable energy. Renewables will need to grow even more strongly over the next three decades to decarbonize the power sector. More worrying is the trend for carbon emissions. The slowing in the growth of carbon emissions to 0.5% in 2019 may suggest some grounds for optimism. But this deceleration needs to be seen in the context of the big increase in carbon emissions in 2018 of 2.1%. The hope was that as the one-off factors boosting carbon emissions in 2018 unwound, carbon emissions would fall significantly. That fall did not happen. The average annual growth in carbon emissions over 2018 and 2019 was greater than its 10-year average. As the world emerges from the COVID-19 crisis it needs to make decisive changes to move to a more sustainable path. The disruption to our everyday lives caused by the lockdowns has provided a glimpse of a cleaner, lower carbon world: air quality in many of the world’s most polluted cities has improved; skies have become clearer. The IEA (International Energy Agency) estimate that global CO2 emissions may fall by as much as 2.6 gigatonnes this year. That has come at considerable cost and as economies restart and our lives return to normal there is a risk that these gains will be lost. The COVID-19 pandemic may well turn out to be the most tragic and disruptive event that many of us will ever live through. As I write this – in the middle of June – over 400 thousand people globally have lost their lives to the infection. Millions more might have done so without the widespread lockdown of economies across the world, which came at huge economic and social cost. This combined health and economic shock is bound to reshape the global economic, political and social environment in which we all live and work. It has the potential to accelerate emerging trends and create opportunities to shift the world onto a more sustainable path. But it also risks slowing progress if the short-term, domestic issues raised by COVID-19 are prioritized over long-term, global challenges, such as climate change. It feels like the world is at a pivotal moment: it needs to address these short-term concerns but in a way that builds back better. “ The technologies required to reach net zero exist today – the challenge is to use them at pace and scale, and I remain optimistic that we can make this happen.” In that context, this year’s edition of bp’s Statistical Review of World Energy provides a timely reminder of global energy trends prior to the crisis. Some aspects are encouraging – particularly the continuing strong growth of renewable energy. Led by wind and solar power, renewable energy increased by a record amount, accounting for over 40% of the growth in primary energy in 2019. At the same time, coal consumption fell for the fourth time in the past six years, with its share in the global energy mix falling to its lowest level for 16 years. But other aspects of the energy system continued to give cause for concern. Despite last year’s decline, coal was still the single largest source of power generation, accounting for over 36% of global power. 2 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 But to get to net zero by 2050, the world requires similar-sized reductions in carbon emissions every other year for the next 25 years. This can be achieved only by a radical shift in all our behaviours. By using resources and energy more efficiently. And by implementing the full range of zero and low carbon energies and technologies at our disposal – including renewable energies, electrification, hydrogen, CCUS (carbon capture use and storage), bioenergy and many more. These technologies exist today – the challenge is to use them at pace and scale. At bp, we are committed to playing our part. In February, we adopted a new purpose – to reimagine energy for people and our planet. And we announced a new ambition, to be a net zero company by 2050 or sooner and to help the world get to net zero. The experience of COVID-19 has only reinforced our commitment to this purpose and ambition, by highlighting both the fragility of our planet and the opportunities it provides to truly build back better. As bp along with the rest of the world navigate the energy transition, we will need timely, objective and comprehensive data on the global energy system. That is the role that the Statistical Review has been playing for the past 69 years and will continue to play in the future. I hope this year’s Statistical Review is useful to everyone else seeking ways to get to net zero and build back better. And I would like to thank the very many people who help our economics team in compiling it, including the governments and statistical agencies around the world who have contributed their official data again this year. The Statistical Review would not be possible without your generous co-operation and transparency. Thank you. Bernard Looney Chief executive officer June 2020 2019 at a glance Growth in carbon emissions in 2019 slowed from the sharp increase seen in the previous year, as primary energy consumption decelerated and renewables and natural gas displaced coal from the energy mix. Energy developments • Primary energy consumption growth slowed to 1.3% last year, less than half the rate of growth in 2018 (2.8%). • The increase in energy consumption was driven by renewables and natural gas, which together contributed three quarters of the expansion. All fuels grew at a slower rate than their 10-year averages, apart from nuclear. • By country, China was by far the biggest driver of energy, accounting for more than three quarters of net global growth. India and Indonesia were the next largest contributors to growth, while the US and Germany posted the largest declines. Carbon emissions • Carbon emissions from energy use grew by 0.5%, less than half 10-year average growth of 1.1% per year, partially reversing some of the unusually strong increase in 2018 (2.1%). Oil • Oil consumption grew by a below average 0.9 million barrels per day (b/d), or 0.9%. Demand for all liquid fuels (including biofuels) rose by 1.1 million b/d and topped 100 million b/d for the first time. • Oil consumption growth was led by China (680,000 b/d) and other emerging economies, while demand fell in the OECD (-290,000 b/d). • Global oil production fell by 60,000 b/d as strong growth in US output (1.7 million b/d) was more than offset by a decline in OPEC production (-2 million b/d), with sharp declines in Iran (-1.3 million b/d) Venezuela (-560,000 b/d) and Saudi Arabia (-430,000 b/d). • Refinery utilization fell sharply by 1.2 percentage points as capacity rose by 1.5 million b/d and throughput remained relatively unchanged. +1.3% Growth of global primary energy consumption, less than half the growth rate in 2018. Natural gas • Natural gas consumption increased by 78 billion cubic metres (bcm), or 2%, well below the exceptional growth seen in 2018 (5.3%). Nevertheless, the share of gas in primary energy rose to a record high of 24.2%. • Increases in gas demand were driven by the US (27 bcm) and China (24 bcm), while Russia and Japan saw the largest declines (10 and 8 bcm respectively). • Gas production grew by 132 bcm (3.4%), with the US accounting for almost two-thirds of this increase (85 bcm). Australia (23 bcm) and China (16 bcm) were also key contributors to growth. • Inter-regional gas trade expanded at a rate of 4.9%, more than double its 10-year average, driven by a record increase in liquefied natural gas (LNG) of 54 bcm (12.7%). • LNG supply growth was led by the US (19 bcm) and Russia (14 bcm), with most incremental supplies heading to Europe: European LNG imports (+49 bcm) rose by more than two-thirds. Coal • Coal consumption declined by 0.6% and its share in primary energy fell to its lowest level in 16 years (27%). • Increases in coal consumption were driven by the emerging economies, particularly China (1.8 EJ) and Indonesia (0.6 EJ). However, this was outweighed by a sharp fall in OECD demand which fell to its lowest level in our data series (which starts in 1965). • Global coal production rose by 1.5%, with China and Indonesia providing the only significant increases (3.2 EJ and 1.3 EJ respectively). The largest declines came from the US (-1.1 EJ) and Germany (-0.3 EJ). Renewables, hydro and nuclear • Renewable energy (including biofuels) posted a record increase in consumption in energy terms (3.2 EJ). This was also the largest increment for any source of energy in 2019. • Wind provided the largest contribution to renewables growth (1.4 EJ) followed closely by solar (1.2 EJ). • By country, China was the largest contributor to renewables growth (0.8 EJ), followed by the US (0.3 EJ) and Japan (0.2 EJ). • Hydroelectric consumption rose by a below average 0.8%, with growth led by China (0.6 EJ), Turkey (0.3 EJ) and India (0.2 EJ). • Nuclear consumption rose by 3.2% (0.8 EJ), its fastest growth since 2004. China (0.5 EJ) and Japan (0.1 EJ) provided the largest increments. Electricity • Electricity generation grew by only 1.3% – around half its 10-year average. China accounted for more than 90% of net global growth. • Renewables provided the largest increment to power generation, followed by natural gas while coal generation fell. • The share of renewables in power generation increased from 9.3% to 10.4%, surpassing nuclear for the first time. Coal’s share of generation fell 1.5 percentage points to 36.4% – the lowest in our data set (which starts in 1985). Key minerals • Prices for cobalt and lithium carbonate fell sharply, by 54% and 31% respectively. • Cobalt production was down 21.2%, largely due to a decline in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Lithium production fell 19.2%, driven mainly by lower Australian output. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 3 The year in review Introduction Growth in energy markets slowed in 2019 in line with weaker economic growth and a partial unwinding of some of the one-off factors that boosted energy demand in 2018. This slowdown was particularly evident in the US, Russia and India, each of which exhibited unusually strong growth in 2018. China was the exception, with its energy consumption accelerating in 2019. As a result, China dominated the expansion in global energy markets – contributing the largest increment to demand for each individual source of energy other than natural gas, where it was only narrowly surpassed by the US. Despite the support from China, all fuels (other than nuclear) grew at a slower rate than their 10-year averages, with coal consumption declining for the fourth time in six years. Nevertheless, renewables still grew by a record increment and provided the largest contribution (41%) to growth in primary energy, with the level of renewable power generation exceeding nuclear power for the first time. The slowdown in energy demand growth, combined with a shift in the fuel mix away from coal and toward natural gas and renewables, led to a significant slowing in the growth of carbon emissions, although only partially unwinding the unusually strong increase seen in 2018. Energy prices fell on the whole, particularly for coal and gas where growth in production outpaced consumption leading to a build up of inventories. Oil prices were a little lower. Primary energy and carbon emissions Primary energy consumption rose by 1.3% last year, below its 10-year average rate of 1.6% per year, and much weaker than the 2.8% growth seen in 2018. By region, consumption fell in North America, Europe and CIS and growth was below average in South & Central America. Demand growth in Africa, Middle East and Asia was roughly in line with historical averages. China was by far the biggest individual driver of primary energy growth, accounting for more than three quarters of net global growth. India and Indonesia were the next largest contributors, while the US and Germany posted the largest declines in energy terms. Looking at energy by fuel, 2019 growth was driven by renewables, followed by natural gas, which together contributed over three quarters of the net increase. The share of both renewables and natural gas in primary energy increased to record highs. Meanwhile, coal consumption declined, with its share in the energy mix falling to its lowest level since 2003. The combination of slower growth in energy demand and a shift in the fuel mix away from coal and toward natural gas and renewables led to a significant slowdown in the growth of carbon emissions. Emissions rose by 0.5%, although slower than their 10-year average, it only partially unwound the unusually strong growth of 2.1% seen in 2018. Table 1: Fuel shares of primary energy and contributions to growth in 2019 Energy source Consumption Annual change (exajoules) (exajoules) -0.2% Oil 193.0 1.6 33.1% 141.5 2.8 24.2% 0.2% Coal 157.9 -0.9 27.0% -0.5% Renewables* 29.0 3.2 5.0% 0.5% Hydro 37.6 0.3 6.4% -0.0% 24.9 583.9 0.8 7.7 4.3% 0.1% *Renewable power (excluding hydro) plus biofuels 41% Renewables’ contribution to the increase in energy demand, the largest of any energy source bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Percentage point change in share from 2018 Gas Nuclear Total 4 Share of primary energy Oil Oil consumption grew by 0.9 million barrels per day (b/d), or 0.9% slightly lower than the 10-year average of 1.3% p.a.. Growth was led by China, where demand rose by 680,000 b/d, the largest increase in the country’s demand since 2015. Elsewhere in the developing world, growth was below average, with Iran (180,000 b/d) the only major exception. OECD demand fell by 290,000 b/d, the first decline since 2014. By product, consumption growth was led by ethane and LPG (380,000 b/d), helped by the substitution of naphtha in petrochemicals, with naphtha demand down slightly (-15,000 b/d). Diesel grew a little above average (360,000 b/d) as preparations for the International Maritime Organisation’s bunker fuel sulphur specification change in 2020 lifted marine diesel demand. In contrast, this shift reduced demand for high sulphur fuel oil, contributing to a 320,000 b/d decline in fuel oil consumption. Oil production fell slightly by 60,000 b/d in 2019 as strong non-OPEC production growth, led by the US, was offset by a sharp decline in OPEC production. The US posted the largest increase of any country for the third consecutive year, with its output rising by a massive 1.7 million b/d, although this was down from the record increase in 2018 (2.2 million b/d). There was also significant growth from Brazil (200,000 b/d) and Canada (150,000 b/d), although in the latter’s case, this was a pronounced slowdown in growth compared to 2017 and 2018. long-run trend. As has been the case in the last few years, NGLs output growth was driven primarily by the US (440,000 b/d), which has doubled its production between 2012 and 2019 to 4.8 million b/d. OPEC production fell by 2 million b/d, the group’s steepest decline since 2009. Much of this decline was driven by a combination of sanctions and economic difficulties in Iran (-1.3 million b/d) and Venezuela (-560,000 b/d). In addition, a renewed OPEC+ production cut agreement reduced other countries’ output levels, with Saudi Arabia’s production falling (430,000 b/d). Despite this agreement, the production of some OPEC members increased, notably Iraq and Nigeria, which increased their production by 150,000 and 100,000 b/d respectively. Refining and trade Refinery throughput barely grew at the global level (30,000 b/d), held back by a slowing in oil consumption growth and robust growth in NGLs supplies. China was again the exception, with its crude runs growing by a record high of 950,000 b/d as new refineries ramped up. Throughput declined in most other regions, in particular the US (-400,000 b/d) and South & Central America (-300,000 b/d), with the latter region posting its sixth consecutive annual decline. Looking at oil production by type, declines were concentrated in crude oil and condensate, which together fell by 580,000 b/d. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) continued to grow robustly, by 520,000 b/d (4.5%), in line with its Refining capacity rose by 1.5 million b/d, the largest increase since 2009. Growth was driven by additions in China (540,000 b/d) the Middle East (310,000 b/d) and the US (210,000 b/d) as well as by a record low level of refinery closures. Global refinery utilization fell sharply, dropping by 1.2 percentage points to 82.5%, the largest annual decline since 2009. Table 2: Top five increases and decreases in oil consumption and production Oil consumption Annual change (thousand b/d) Increases Oil production Annual change (thousand b/d) Increases China 681 US 1685 Iran 183 Brazil India 159 Canada 150 198 Algeria 37 Iraq 148 Russia Decreases 35 Australia Decreases 135 Mexico -88 Iran Italy -59 Venezuela -1266 -556 Pakistan -52 Saudi Arabia -429 Taiwan -52 Mexico -150 Venezuela -47 Norway -115 Oil prices edged a little lower last year, with Dated Brent averaging $64.21/bbl compared with $71.31/bbl in 2018. Refining margins were slightly lower, with the average of the three region margins tracked in this book (US Gulf Coast, Northwest Europe and Singapore) falling from $5.4/bbl in 2018 to $4.7/bbl. Oil trade fell by 230,000 b/d (0.3%) – the first decline since the financial crisis in 2009. Most of this decline was concentrated in crude oil trade: a sharp fall in Middle East crude exports (-1.4 million b/d), mainly due to Iranian sanctions, was only partially offset by continued growth in US crude exports (0.9 million b/d), while falling US crude imports (-1 million b/d) broadly offset strong growth in Chinese purchases (0.9 million b/d). Overall, net oil imports into the US (including products) fell by 1.8 million b/d to only 1.1 million b/d, down from net imports of 9.5 million b/d ten years earlier. 2 million b/d Decline in OPEC oil production, the largest decline since 2009 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 5 Table 3: Top increases and decreases in LNG exports and imports LNG exports Annual change (bcm) Increases US Russia Australia Algeria Egypt Decreases Indonesia 18.9 14.4 12.9 3.5 2.6 -4.3 LNG imports Increases China United Kingdom France Spain Italy Decreases Japan South Korea Egypt Argentina Chile Annual change (bcm) 11.3 10.9 10.1 6.9 5.3 -7.5 -4.6 -3.2 -1.9 -1.0 Natural gas Coal Consumption and production Global natural gas consumption growth averaged 2% in 2019, below its 10-year average and down sharply from the exceptional growth seen in 2018 (5.3%). In volume terms, demand grew by 78 billion cubic metres (bcm), led by the US (27 bcm) and China (24 bcm). Consumption and production World coal consumption fell by 0.6% (-0.9 exajoules, or EJ), its fourth decline in six years, displaced by natural gas and renewables, particularly in the power sector (see electricity section). As a result, coal’s share in the energy mix fell to 27.0%, its lowest level in 16 years. The growth in US and Chinese gas consumption was much slower than in 2018, as the boost from weather effects and policy driven coal-togas switching in China faded. A reduction in the number of unusually hot and cold days also contributed to a fall in Russia’s gas consumption (10 bcm) – the largest decline of any country last year. Coal consumption continued to increase in some emerging economies, particularly in China (1.8 EJ), Indonesia (0.6 EJ) and Vietnam (0.5 EJ), with the latter posting a record increase in part related to a sharp drop in hydroelectric power. Growth in India, usually a key driver of coal consumption, was only 0.3% (0.1 EJ) – its lowest since 2001. These increases in coal consumption were more than offset by falls in demand in the developed world, led by the US (-1.9 EJ) and Germany (-0.6 EJ), with OECD coal consumption falling to its lowest level in our data series (which goes back to 1965). Gas production grew by 132 bcm (3.4%) outpacing growth in consumption. The US accounted for almost two thirds of net global growth, with the volumetric increase of 85 bcm just shy of 2018’s record increment (90 bcm). Supply was also boosted by strong growth in Australia (23 bcm) and China (16 bcm). Trade Much of last year’s increase in gas production was used to feed additional exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG exports grew by 54 bcm (12.7%) last year, the largest annual increase ever, driven by record increases from the US (19 bcm) and Russia (14 bcm) as well as continued growth from Australia (13 bcm). On the LNG import side, nearly all incremental supplies headed to Europe, in contrast to 2018 when Asia drove import growth. European LNG imports rose by 49 bcm, representing an unprecedented 68% increase. Growth was widespread, with the UK (11 bcm), France (10 bcm) and Spain (7 bcm) the largest individual contributors. The rapid growth in LNG led to a 4.9% increase in overall inter-regional gas trade, a rate more than double its 10-year average. This is despite a 1.7% decline in pipeline trade (-9 bcm) as pipeline imports into Europe from Russia and North Africa were partially crowded out by the abundance of LNG supplies. Prices With production growth outpacing growth in consumption by a considerable margin, storage levels rose in most regions and prices fell sharply. US Henry Hub prices dropped almost 20% to average $2.53/mmBtu, while European and Asian prices, as measured by the UK NBP index and the Japan Korea Marker, fell by more than 40% (averaging $4.47/mmBtu and $5.49/mmBtu respectively). Prices in Europe, the region most affected by LNG oversupply, fell to their lowest levels since 2004. 6 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Global coal production rose by 1.5%, with China and Indonesia providing the only significant increases (3.2 EJ and 1.3 EJ respectively). As with consumption, the largest declines in production came from the US (-1.1 EJ) and Germany (-0.3 EJ). Coal prices fell last year, with the Northwest Europe and Chinese marker prices declining by 34% and 14% respectively (to $60.86/t and $85.89/t). 54 bcm Increase in liquefied natural gas supplies, the largest increase on record Coal trade Coal trade decreased by 1.3%, the first decline since 2015. Notable declines in exports came from the US (-0.5 EJ), Australia (-0.4 EJ) and Colombia (-0.3 EJ) with strong growth in exports seen only in Indonesia (0.6 EJ). On the import side, falling imports in Europe (-1.2 EJ) and Japan & South Korea (-0.3 EJ combined) outweighed growth in the rest of Asia (1.3 EJ). Renewables, hydroelectricity and nuclear Renewables Renewables energy consumption (which includes biofuels and all traded renewable electricity apart from hydro) continued to grow strongly, contributing its largest increase in energy terms (3.2 EJ) on record. This accounted for over 40% of the global growth in primary energy last year, which is larger than any other fuel. As a result, renewables increased its share in the energy mix from 4.5% in 2018 to 5%. By energy source, wind generation provided the largest contribution to growth (1.4 EJ) followed closely by solar (1.2 EJ). Other sources of renewable electricity (such as biomass and geothermal) grew by 0.3 EJ, while biofuels consumption increased by 0.2 EJ, or 100,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. China’s use of renewables grew by more than any other country, although its increase of 0.8 EJ was below the strong rate of growth seen in 2017 and 2018 (1.2 EJ both years). Solar provided half of China’s growth, followed by wind (around 40%). The US (0.3 EJ) and Japan (0.2 EJ) were the next largest individual contributors to growth. Hydroelectricity and nuclear Hydroelectric consumption rose by 0.8%, below its 10-year average of 1.9% p.a.. Growth was led by China (0.6 EJ), Turkey (0.3 EJ) and India (0.2 EJ). The US and Vietnam saw the biggest declines (both -0.2 EJ). Nuclear consumption increased by 3.2%, its fastest growth since 2004 and well above the 10-year average of -0.7% p.a.. As in 2018, China recorded the largest increment of any country and, last year, it was also its biggest increase ever (0.5 EJ). Japan also posted notable growth of 0.15 EJ (33%) as it continued to recover from the impact of the Fukushima incident in 2011. Table 4: Renewables share of primary energy in key countries and regions Renewables share of primary energy Percentage point Share in 2019 change from 2018 US 6.2% Other North America 4.0% 0.7% 16.3% 1.2% 4.3% 0.7% Brazil Other S. & Cent. America EU 0.4% 11.0% 1.0% Other Europe 4.3% 0.7% CIS 0.1% 0.0% Middle East 0.3% 0.1% Africa 2.0% 0.5% OECD Asia 5.0% 0.9% China 4.7% 0.4% Other Asia 2.9% 0.4% World 5.0% 0.5% 10.4% Share of renewables in electricity generation, higher than nuclear for the first time Electricity Generation of electricity grew by only 1.3% last year, around half of its 10-year average. Growth was weak or negative in most regions, other than in China which increased by 340 TWh (4.7%), accounting for 95% of net global growth (360 TWh). Renewables provided the largest increment to power generation (340 TWh), followed by natural gas (220 TWh). These gains came partially at the expense of coal generation which fell sharply (-270 TWh), causing the share of coal in power generation to fall by 1.5 percentage points to 36.4% – the lowest in our dataset (which goes back to 1985). Despite this, coal remained the single largest source of power generation in 2019. Meanwhile, the share of renewables in generation increased from 9.3% to 10.4%, surpassing nuclear generation for the first time. Key minerals After steep rises in prices for cobalt and lithium in 2017 and 2018, prices fell back sharply last year. Cobalt prices declined by over 50% while lithium carbonate prices slipped 31%. Production responded quickly to the drop in prices, with cobalt production down 21.2%, largely due to a decline in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Lithium production fell 19.2%, driven mainly by lower Australian output. Production of graphite and rare earth metals continued to ramp up, both growing around 12%. Graphite growth was driven largely by China and Mozambique, while rare earth output was lifted by China and the US, with the latter increasing output by 44% and leapfrogging Australia to become the world’s number two producer behind China. In detail As well as the change to reported energy units (from million tonnes of oil equivalent to exajoules) there have been the following changes in the tables: biofuels consumption has been broken out of oil consumption and is now included in renewables consumption (as well as reported separately in its own table). Oil consumption as defined in previous Statistical Reviews (i.e. including biofuels) has been renamed ‘liquids’ consumption and a table is still included on this original basis. In addition, more granularity has been included on the product split of both oil products and biofuels (breaking out ethane & LPG and naphtha in oil products and the ethanol/biodiesel split of biofuels). Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts worldwide who provide the publicly available data for this publication, and to the researchers at the Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy, Heriot-Watt University who assist in the data compilation. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 7 Primary energy Consumption* Growth rate per annum Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 12.74 7.10 89.92 109.76 3.07 9.98 1.32 1.33 0.50 0.71 0.78 3.53 3.60 24.82 1.43 2.64 1.76 1.22 10.34 13.15 1.43 0.97 7.07 3.87 1.80 3.92 1.03 1.41 5.97 2.04 1.26 4.28 4.75 8.72 6.48 85.55 0.47 1.03 2.13 26.92 0.83 1.88 0.65 33.92 8.91 1.36 0.94 1.30 0.73 1.04 8.13 3.35 2.45 28.22 1.62 3.12 0.63 5.24 4.97 15.57 5.48 0.88 97.52 1.11 21.52 5.76 19.83 3.25 0.81 2.64 1.18 2.67 10.16 0.22 4.42 4.13 1.65 1.76 184.99 482.82 224.69 258.13 71.58 13.01 7.31 92.97 113.29 3.23 10.98 1.33 1.42 0.55 0.80 0.84 3.33 3.67 26.16 1.48 2.81 1.84 1.33 10.65 13.71 1.36 0.99 7.28 4.10 1.74 4.18 1.08 1.42 6.11 2.16 1.23 4.50 5.08 8.94 6.71 88.69 0.47 1.09 2.30 27.99 0.90 1.86 0.67 35.28 8.94 1.45 0.99 1.41 0.86 1.21 8.92 3.51 2.45 29.74 1.57 3.28 0.70 5.29 5.23 16.07 5.50 0.90 104.28 1.16 22.55 6.32 21.13 3.35 0.83 2.65 1.22 2.87 10.94 0.24 4.66 4.39 1.87 1.94 196.80 506.02 233.04 272.99 74.15 13.61 7.66 92.09 113.35 3.29 11.48 1.44 1.49 0.58 0.91 0.83 3.48 3.76 27.26 1.39 2.62 1.80 1.24 10.24 13.20 1.33 0.99 7.12 3.92 1.76 4.20 1.03 1.46 6.00 2.13 1.17 4.81 5.27 8.45 6.55 86.66 0.52 1.08 2.53 28.92 1.00 1.95 0.71 36.71 9.34 1.54 1.02 1.42 0.94 1.40 9.20 3.70 2.31 30.86 1.67 3.33 0.73 5.21 5.18 16.13 5.70 0.98 112.54 1.19 23.88 6.90 20.06 3.47 0.83 2.65 1.24 2.99 11.43 0.25 4.61 4.56 2.13 1.93 207.33 518.31 230.63 287.68 71.69 13.47 7.71 89.69 110.86 3.38 11.69 1.48 1.59 0.62 0.92 0.81 3.62 3.82 27.93 1.45 2.52 1.78 1.20 10.22 13.37 1.26 0.91 6.92 3.79 1.95 4.08 0.94 1.40 5.97 2.26 1.23 5.11 5.14 8.55 6.27 86.32 0.54 1.17 2.62 28.98 1.09 1.90 0.74 37.04 9.41 1.63 1.06 1.57 1.03 1.59 9.76 3.89 2.19 32.12 1.83 3.50 0.75 5.14 5.48 16.69 5.63 1.05 117.05 1.14 25.11 7.27 19.92 3.73 0.84 2.47 1.28 3.00 11.54 0.25 4.61 4.87 2.24 2.02 214.02 524.98 228.16 296.82 71.04 13.88 7.74 92.10 113.72 3.52 12.13 1.49 1.61 0.64 0.94 0.83 3.53 3.83 28.53 1.44 2.58 1.75 1.21 10.31 13.75 1.19 0.87 6.59 3.68 1.82 4.09 1.03 1.31 5.65 2.12 1.26 5.07 4.88 8.51 6.33 85.43 0.55 1.03 2.66 28.61 0.97 1.91 0.71 36.43 9.85 1.76 0.98 1.63 1.15 1.71 9.80 4.09 2.09 33.06 1.93 3.48 0.77 5.15 5.81 17.14 5.67 1.08 121.37 1.17 26.08 7.57 19.75 3.90 0.84 2.88 1.38 3.06 11.55 0.25 4.71 4.95 2.39 1.99 220.60 534.91 230.26 304.65 70.45 14.03 7.70 93.05 114.78 3.51 12.40 1.46 1.70 0.67 0.96 0.82 3.41 3.82 28.76 1.38 2.40 1.71 1.16 9.87 13.17 1.12 0.87 6.23 3.47 1.87 3.93 1.03 1.35 5.54 2.11 1.21 5.23 4.29 8.02 6.12 82.10 0.56 1.07 2.70 28.71 1.00 1.99 0.72 36.74 10.28 1.68 0.97 1.49 1.14 1.84 10.50 4.08 2.07 34.05 2.11 3.47 0.78 5.22 6.08 17.66 5.75 1.13 124.20 1.14 27.86 7.09 19.24 3.94 0.88 2.77 1.45 3.15 11.64 0.23 4.82 5.09 2.61 2.16 225.15 539.25 228.31 310.94 67.71 13.99 7.69 92.15 113.83 3.59 12.23 1.50 1.71 0.67 1.02 0.80 3.29 3.99 28.80 1.39 2.44 1.68 1.15 9.92 13.40 1.13 0.92 6.37 3.52 1.89 3.98 1.03 1.36 5.61 2.18 1.18 5.72 3.55 8.11 6.25 82.77 0.62 0.97 2.66 28.14 1.20 1.89 0.72 36.19 10.22 1.68 1.02 1.62 1.21 2.05 10.83 4.48 1.93 35.04 2.22 3.55 0.79 5.05 6.30 17.91 5.84 1.32 125.38 1.18 28.77 7.10 18.97 4.00 0.89 2.92 1.59 3.35 11.87 0.29 4.77 5.25 2.90 2.25 228.63 543.17 228.75 314.42 68.52 13.94 7.79 92.02 113.74 3.58 11.92 1.57 1.81 0.66 1.09 0.71 2.99 4.18 28.50 1.43 2.63 1.66 1.18 9.76 13.62 1.11 0.93 6.43 3.58 1.91 4.15 1.08 1.36 5.66 2.14 1.11 6.01 3.72 8.01 6.41 83.90 0.61 0.96 2.70 28.76 1.19 1.78 0.72 36.73 10.79 1.94 1.04 1.69 1.21 2.00 10.98 4.66 1.93 36.23 2.22 3.74 0.80 5.30 6.32 18.38 5.88 1.34 126.95 1.21 30.07 7.30 18.65 4.21 0.89 3.19 1.73 3.48 12.16 0.31 4.85 5.36 3.11 2.44 233.13 550.60 229.64 320.96 69.14 14.11 7.90 92.33 114.34 3.57 12.06 1.58 1.84 0.69 1.09 0.75 2.86 4.18 28.61 1.47 2.66 1.73 1.14 9.70 13.78 1.17 0.98 6.49 3.53 1.92 4.32 1.07 1.38 5.74 2.21 1.11 6.37 3.46 7.99 6.53 84.76 0.60 0.98 2.86 28.87 1.17 1.79 0.75 37.02 11.30 1.91 1.08 1.58 1.34 1.92 11.01 4.72 1.97 36.83 2.24 3.84 0.84 5.25 6.62 18.79 5.87 1.39 130.83 1.29 31.33 7.57 18.89 4.27 0.91 3.37 1.90 3.59 12.37 0.33 4.87 5.45 3.32 2.50 240.07 560.42 231.84 328.58 69.91 14.35 7.83 95.60 117.79 3.54 12.13 1.66 1.85 0.73 1.14 0.71 2.45 4.31 28.53 1.44 2.59 1.73 1.15 9.87 13.44 1.16 0.98 6.53 3.53 1.90 4.38 1.08 1.41 5.82 2.17 1.13 6.29 3.54 7.96 6.66 84.76 0.62 1.05 3.15 30.04 1.31 1.83 0.81 38.81 11.83 2.00 1.09 1.57 1.49 1.99 10.91 4.80 1.93 37.61 2.42 3.92 0.86 5.30 6.90 19.39 6.00 1.48 135.77 1.30 33.30 8.23 18.84 4.21 0.90 3.48 1.96 3.61 12.55 0.35 4.93 5.60 3.72 3.14 249.35 576.23 235.39 340.84 69.81 14.21 7.72 94.65 116.58 3.46 12.40 1.66 1.92 0.74 1.16 0.71 2.23 4.32 28.61 1.50 2.71 1.71 1.10 9.68 13.14 1.15 0.99 6.37 3.51 1.77 4.28 1.04 1.37 5.72 2.24 1.13 6.49 3.41 7.84 6.67 83.82 0.66 1.06 3.10 29.81 1.45 1.78 0.83 38.68 12.34 2.23 1.13 1.64 1.51 2.02 11.04 4.83 2.04 38.78 2.54 3.89 0.95 5.40 7.10 19.87 6.41 1.76 141.70 1.24 34.06 8.91 18.67 4.26 0.92 3.56 2.02 3.55 12.37 0.36 4.81 5.61 4.12 3.22 257.56 583.90 233.43 350.47 68.81 -0.9% -1.4% -1.0% -1.0% -2.2% 2.2% -0.3% 3.9% 2.5% 1.8% *In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. ◆ -9.3% 0.2% 0.3% 4.3% 4.8% -1.3% -4.3% -1.9% -2.2% -1.3% 1.0% -2.4% -0.4% -7.2% -2.4% -3.2% -2.7% -1.7% 3.5% 0.2% 3.2% -3.9% -1.6% 0.1% -1.1% 6.6% 0.9% -1.7% -0.8% 10.1% -2.5% 2.8% -0.3% 4.3% 11.1% 3.7% 4.2% 1.9% 1.6% 1.2% 0.6% 6.0% 3.1% 4.9% -0.8% 9.8% 2.0% 2.9% 2.5% 6.9% 18.6% 4.4% -4.7% 2.3% 8.3% -0.9% 1.3% 2.0% 2.4% 3.5% -1.5% -1.4% 2.8% -2.4% 0.3% 10.7% 2.6% 3.3% 1.3% -0.8% 2.8% -1.4% 2008-18 0.6% 2.4% 0.9% 1.3% 0.1% 16.2% 0.2% 20.0% 1.3% 0.6% 1.9% 2.1% 2.1% 0.3% 2.9% 0.3% 3.6% 0.1% 5.1% 0.2% -1.0% 0.1% -3.6% 0.4% 1.5% 0.7% 1.3% 4.9% -0.3% 0.3% -0.9% 0.5% -0.6% 0.3% -1.4% 0.2% -1.0% 1.7% -0.4% 2.3% -2.4% 0.2% -0.7% 0.2% -1.5% 1.1% -1.1% 0.6% -0.2% 0.3% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2% -1.4% 0.2% -1.0% 1.0% -0.3% 0.4% -1.2% 0.2% 4.1% 1.1% -4.5% 0.6% -1.4% 1.3% -0.3% 1.1% -0.7% 14.4% 1.4% 0.1% -0.3% 0.2% 2.9% 0.5% 0.6% 5.1% 9.9% 0.2% -0.2% 0.3% 1.8% 0.1% 0.9% 6.6% 3.2% 2.1% 5.1% 0.4% 1.1% 0.2% 2.4% 0.3% 7.3% 0.3% 6.8% 0.3% 3.5% 1.9% 3.5% 0.8% -2.4% 0.3% 3.2% 6.6% 4.7% 0.4% 2.7% 0.7% 2.9% 0.2% 0.1% 0.9% 3.5% 1.2% 2.4% 3.4% 0.8% 1.1% 6.3% 0.3% 3.8% 24.3% 2.5% 0.2% 5.2% 5.8% 4.0% 1.5% -1.4% 3.2% 2.3% 0.7% 1.0% 0.2% 2.9% 0.6% 5.3% 0.3% 3.8% 0.6% 2.2% 2.1% 5.0% 0.1% 0.9% 0.8% 3.5% 1.0% 8.7% 0.7% 5.0% 0.6% 3.3% 44.1% 1.6% 100.0% ◆ 40.0% 3.0% 60.0% -0.8% 11.8% Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology. than 0.05%. ◆Less 8 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Share 2019 Primary energy: Consumption by fuel* 2018 Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union Oil Natural gas Coal 4.59 3.48 37.11 45.18 1.20 4.69 0.75 0.69 0.51 0.50 0.09 0.80 2.68 11.92 0.54 1.42 0.43 0.41 3.17 4.63 0.65 0.37 2.60 1.68 0.41 1.33 0.48 0.43 2.72 0.56 0.43 2.00 0.41 3.17 2.61 30.46 0.21 0.31 0.67 6.50 0.29 0.09 0.18 8.24 3.54 1.46 0.49 0.80 0.58 0.50 6.86 2.01 1.06 17.31 0.83 1.53 0.55 1.16 4.01 8.07 2.16 0.38 26.58 0.93 9.95 3.38 7.63 1.54 0.36 1.02 0.89 3.13 5.37 0.23 2.04 2.68 1.02 0.97 70.27 191.45 90.32 101.13 26.49 4.26 3.15 29.52 36.93 1.75 1.29 0.23 0.48 0.03 0.29 0.63 1.14 0.29 6.12 0.31 0.61 0.29 0.08 1.54 3.09 0.17 0.35 2.49 1.27 0.16 0.72 0.21 0.42 1.13 0.04 0.12 1.70 1.10 2.85 1.09 19.73 0.39 0.70 0.68 16.36 1.02 1.60 0.21 20.96 8.07 0.53 0.38 0.76 0.90 1.49 4.04 2.68 0.81 19.65 1.56 2.15 0.04 0.16 1.45 5.36 1.49 0.99 10.19 0.11 2.09 1.60 4.17 1.48 0.16 1.57 0.15 0.44 2.08 – 0.85 1.80 0.35 0.41 29.92 138.66 63.24 75.42 16.46 0.65 0.57 13.28 14.50 0.05 0.70 0.31 0.16 – 0.03 – † 0.18 1.43 0.12 0.13 0.65 0.18 0.35 2.90 0.19 0.09 0.37 0.34 0.03 2.08 0.11 0.21 0.46 0.08 † 1.71 1.15 0.32 1.41 12.92 † 0.04 1.70 3.63 – 0.09 0.09 5.54 0.06 – 0.20 0.01 † – † 0.10 0.02 0.39 0.02 0.09 0.22 3.76 0.32 4.41 1.84 0.10 79.83 0.26 18.56 2.84 4.99 0.93 0.05 0.50 0.68 0.02 3.63 0.06 1.70 0.80 1.59 1.23 119.62 158.79 36.19 122.61 9.37 2019 Nuclear Hydroenergy electricity 0.90 0.12 7.60 8.62 0.06 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.26 0.27 0.20 3.70 0.68 – 0.14 – 0.03 – – – 0.10 0.50 0.61 0.22 – 0.76 0.58 0.33 8.37 – – – 1.83 – – 0.02 1.85 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.10 – 0.10 – – 2.64 – 0.35 – 0.44 – – 0.09 – – 1.19 – 0.25 – – – 4.96 24.16 17.62 6.54 7.40 3.45 0.29 2.59 6.33 0.37 3.48 0.21 0.51 0.19 0.28 – 0.51 0.89 6.43 0.34 † 0.01 0.12 0.57 0.16 0.05 † 0.42 † 1.24 0.04 0.11 0.16 0.31 0.56 0.31 0.54 0.09 0.05 0.70 5.79 0.02 † 0.09 1.71 † 0.05 0.32 2.19 0.10 0.02 † – – – – – 0.01 0.13 † 0.12 0.02 0.01 1.02 1.17 0.16 0.01 10.73 – 1.25 0.15 0.72 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.08 – 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.76 0.53 15.31 37.34 12.75 24.59 3.12 Renewables Total 0.50 0.22 5.50 6.22 0.10 1.83 0.16 0.02 0.01 0.05 † † 0.27 2.44 0.13 0.17 0.08 0.18 0.54 1.97 0.10 0.04 0.64 0.19 0.05 0.21 0.16 0.09 0.70 0.32 0.04 0.34 0.02 0.99 0.51 7.50 † † † 0.01 † † † 0.02 † † 0.02 † † † † 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.10 0.29 0.35 † 5.81 † 1.10 0.25 0.89 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.24 † 0.01 9.29 25.83 15.27 10.55 6.97 14.35 7.83 95.60 117.79 3.54 12.13 1.66 1.85 0.73 1.14 0.71 2.45 4.31 28.53 1.44 2.59 1.73 1.15 9.87 13.44 1.16 0.98 6.53 3.53 1.90 4.38 1.08 1.41 5.82 2.17 1.13 6.29 3.54 7.96 6.66 84.76 0.62 1.05 3.15 30.04 1.31 1.83 0.81 38.81 11.83 2.00 1.09 1.57 1.49 1.99 10.91 4.80 1.93 37.61 2.42 3.92 0.86 5.30 6.90 19.39 6.00 1.48 135.77 1.30 33.30 8.23 18.84 4.21 0.90 3.48 1.96 3.61 12.55 0.35 4.93 5.60 3.72 3.14 249.35 576.23 235.39 340.84 69.81 Oil Natural gas Coal 4.50 3.29 36.99 44.78 1.19 4.73 0.76 0.70 0.49 0.51 0.08 0.71 2.69 11.86 0.55 1.38 0.43 0.39 3.15 4.68 0.68 0.37 2.49 1.65 0.39 1.34 0.51 0.45 2.72 0.57 0.44 2.03 0.44 3.11 2.63 30.40 0.21 0.32 0.69 6.57 0.31 0.09 0.18 8.37 3.92 1.49 0.50 0.78 0.61 0.54 6.92 1.95 1.08 17.80 0.88 1.50 0.57 1.18 4.14 8.28 2.14 0.37 27.91 0.87 10.24 3.38 7.53 1.57 0.36 0.90 0.91 3.06 5.30 0.25 1.93 2.72 1.07 1.03 71.54 193.03 89.63 103.40 26.39 4.33 3.26 30.48 38.07 1.71 1.29 0.23 0.48 0.02 0.30 0.63 0.95 0.33 5.95 0.32 0.63 0.30 0.07 1.56 3.19 0.19 0.35 2.55 1.33 0.16 0.73 0.22 0.39 1.30 0.04 0.12 1.56 1.02 2.84 1.08 19.95 0.42 0.69 0.64 16.00 1.14 1.56 0.20 20.65 8.05 0.72 0.39 0.85 0.90 1.48 4.09 2.74 0.89 20.10 1.63 2.12 0.04 0.15 1.46 5.40 1.93 1.24 11.06 0.11 2.15 1.58 3.89 1.52 0.17 1.64 0.15 0.46 2.01 – 0.84 1.83 0.35 0.37 31.32 141.45 64.84 76.61 16.90 0.56 0.51 11.34 12.41 0.02 0.66 0.28 0.26 – 0.02 – † 0.24 1.48 0.13 0.13 0.60 0.15 0.27 2.30 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.27 0.03 1.91 0.06 0.19 0.21 0.08 † 1.70 1.10 0.26 1.43 11.35 † 0.04 1.67 3.63 – 0.07 0.12 5.53 0.05 – 0.21 0.01 0.01 – † 0.10 0.02 0.40 0.02 0.08 0.28 3.81 0.28 4.47 1.78 0.14 81.67 0.26 18.62 3.41 4.91 0.90 0.06 0.55 0.73 0.03 3.44 0.06 1.63 0.71 2.07 1.25 122.22 157.86 32.10 125.75 7.69 Nuclear Hydroenergy electricity 0.90 0.10 7.60 8.59 0.08 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.22 – 0.39 0.27 0.20 3.56 0.67 – 0.15 – 0.03 – – – 0.10 0.52 0.60 0.21 – 0.74 0.50 0.34 8.28 – – – 1.86 – – 0.02 1.88 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.13 – 0.13 – – 3.11 – 0.40 – 0.59 – – 0.08 – – 1.30 – 0.29 – – – 5.77 24.92 17.77 7.16 7.33 3.41 0.21 2.42 6.03 0.33 3.56 0.19 0.46 0.22 0.28 – 0.56 0.77 6.37 0.36 † 0.02 0.11 0.52 0.18 0.04 † 0.40 † 1.12 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.59 0.31 0.79 0.06 0.05 0.62 5.66 0.01 † 0.09 1.73 † 0.06 0.32 2.21 0.26 0.02 † – – – – – 0.02 0.30 † 0.12 0.01 0.01 1.04 1.18 0.13 0.01 11.32 – 1.44 0.15 0.66 0.24 0.23 0.32 0.09 – 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.58 0.56 15.90 37.66 12.32 25.34 2.94 Renewables Total 0.52 0.35 5.83 6.70 0.14 2.02 0.19 0.02 0.01 0.05 † † 0.29 2.73 0.14 0.19 0.08 0.18 0.61 2.12 0.11 0.05 0.64 0.23 0.07 0.25 0.18 0.10 0.75 0.36 0.04 0.41 0.05 1.08 0.56 8.18 † † 0.01 0.02 † † † 0.03 † † 0.03 † † † 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.17 0.41 0.42 † 6.63 † 1.21 0.39 1.10 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.01 0.29 0.01 0.07 0.29 0.04 0.01 10.81 28.98 16.77 12.21 7.54 14.21 7.72 94.65 116.58 3.46 12.40 1.66 1.92 0.74 1.16 0.71 2.23 4.32 28.61 1.50 2.71 1.71 1.10 9.68 13.14 1.15 0.99 6.37 3.51 1.77 4.28 1.04 1.37 5.72 2.24 1.13 6.49 3.41 7.84 6.67 83.82 0.66 1.06 3.10 29.81 1.45 1.78 0.83 38.68 12.34 2.23 1.13 1.64 1.51 2.02 11.04 4.83 2.04 38.78 2.54 3.89 0.95 5.40 7.10 19.87 6.41 1.76 141.70 1.24 34.06 8.91 18.67 4.26 0.92 3.56 2.02 3.55 12.37 0.36 4.81 5.61 4.12 3.22 257.56 583.90 233.43 350.47 68.81 *In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology. †Less than 0.005. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 9 World consumption Shares of global primary energy Exajoules Percentage 600 Renewables Hydroelectricity Nuclear energy Coal Natural gas Oil Oil Coal Natural gas Hydroelectricity Nuclear energy Renewables 50 500 40 400 30 300 20 200 10 100 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 Primary energy consumption rose by 1.3% last year, less than half its rate in 2018 (2.8%). Growth was driven by renewables (3.2 EJ) and natural gas (2.8 EJ), which together contributed three quarters of the increase. All fuels grew at a slower rate than their 10-year averages, apart from nuclear, with coal consumption falling for the fourth time in six years (-0.9 EJ). By region, consumption fell in North America, Europe and CIS and growth was below average in South & Central America. In the other regions, growth was roughly in line with historical averages. China was the biggest individual driver of primary energy growth, accounting for more than three quarters of net global growth. 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 Oil continues to hold the largest share of the energy mix (33.1%). Coal is the second largest fuel but lost share in 2019 to account for 27.0%, its lowest level since 2003. The share of both natural gas and renewables rose to record highs of 24.2% and 5.0% respectively. Renewables has now overtaken nuclear which makes up only 4.3% of the energy mix. The share of hydroelectricity has been stable at around 6% for several years. Regional consumption pattern 2019 Percentage 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa Asia Pacific Oil remains the dominant fuel in Africa, Europe and the Americas, while natural gas dominates in CIS and the Middle East, accounting for more than half of the energy mix in both regions. Coal is the dominant fuel in the Asia Pacific region. In 2019 coal’s share of primary energy fell to its lowest level in our data series in North America and Europe. 10 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0 Primary energy: Consumption per capita* Growth rate per annum Gigajoules per capita Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 377.4 63.1 293.6 242.6 75.8 51.5 78.3 29.7 33.6 24.7 589.9 125.9 34.8 52.5 171.0 242.9 168.1 228.9 165.4 162.6 130.6 97.5 119.6 232.7 372.5 102.3 96.9 68.4 128.1 218.8 163.7 60.0 103.3 138.8 103.0 130.4 53.2 108.8 132.9 187.8 166.5 66.8 33.2 147.1 122.1 47.1 130.2 461.0 255.5 628.3 305.4 422.8 40.5 133.4 45.7 38.5 19.7 103.7 6.1 15.4 251.8 6.0 71.6 160.6 17.7 24.1 154.3 117.2 187.9 15.0 12.8 537.9 205.9 11.0 191.1 61.7 18.9 10.6 48.2 70.2 182.3 45.8 142.8 380.9 64.1 300.9 247.8 78.9 56.1 77.9 31.5 36.8 27.6 633.9 117.0 35.1 54.8 176.0 256.8 174.3 247.8 169.4 169.6 125.1 99.8 122.8 245.5 355.6 109.1 101.7 69.4 130.2 230.0 157.4 62.2 110.9 140.8 106.8 134.7 51.9 115.6 141.4 195.1 176.6 65.3 33.4 152.2 121.1 48.9 135.1 471.4 283.9 651.6 325.2 410.3 39.4 137.2 43.8 39.7 21.6 103.3 6.2 15.5 248.1 6.1 76.2 166.0 18.3 26.1 164.4 118.8 190.0 14.8 13.0 559.5 220.8 11.7 201.0 65.3 21.3 11.6 50.8 72.7 187.8 47.7 147.5 393.9 66.2 295.5 245.5 79.6 58.1 83.8 32.6 38.4 30.9 618.8 120.5 35.5 56.5 163.9 237.7 170.0 229.6 162.0 163.3 122.5 99.6 119.4 234.2 354.9 109.8 97.3 71.7 127.4 225.3 147.6 65.5 115.6 132.0 104.5 131.1 57.0 115.1 153.5 201.2 192.7 67.3 35.3 157.5 125.1 50.0 135.6 446.7 290.2 687.6 325.6 413.5 36.6 139.2 45.6 39.4 22.4 100.3 6.0 15.1 252.7 6.6 81.8 169.2 19.1 28.1 156.1 121.1 188.6 14.4 13.0 567.1 229.7 12.2 198.1 67.5 24.0 11.3 52.9 73.6 184.6 49.7 142.2 385.7 65.7 285.6 237.8 81.0 58.7 84.9 34.6 39.9 31.1 605.3 123.4 35.6 57.3 171.0 226.9 168.7 221.3 160.9 165.1 116.4 92.8 115.6 225.8 388.0 106.6 89.3 69.4 126.7 236.8 153.8 68.4 113.1 132.6 100.2 130.2 58.0 124.3 156.6 201.3 206.4 64.6 36.2 157.9 124.6 51.2 139.3 469.5 293.2 723.5 334.7 425.0 34.1 141.8 48.9 40.5 22.4 97.2 6.2 15.3 245.7 6.9 84.6 161.7 19.8 29.3 155.1 128.2 187.5 13.2 13.2 558.3 230.5 12.2 197.6 71.8 24.9 11.7 54.1 73.7 181.5 50.6 140.6 393.3 65.1 291.1 241.7 83.5 60.3 84.9 34.7 40.6 31.5 612.4 118.6 35.4 58.0 168.8 231.3 165.3 221.7 161.4 169.3 110.7 88.4 109.6 218.4 358.4 107.1 98.1 64.8 120.3 220.5 155.9 66.7 107.7 131.0 101.5 128.4 58.8 109.5 156.0 198.2 180.0 63.8 34.0 154.2 128.8 53.1 127.3 462.2 304.4 731.3 326.0 445.2 32.3 143.1 50.7 39.3 22.7 96.0 6.4 15.3 243.8 7.1 87.2 165.1 20.4 30.1 153.9 132.4 186.1 15.1 13.9 561.8 229.4 12.3 201.2 72.7 26.3 11.4 55.2 74.2 182.0 51.2 139.1 393.4 64.0 292.0 241.8 82.2 61.2 82.4 36.2 42.0 31.9 605.4 113.7 34.8 57.8 160.7 214.3 161.6 212.7 153.8 161.6 104.5 88.9 103.1 205.7 363.6 103.3 99.3 67.5 118.4 217.8 146.8 67.7 95.1 122.6 98.4 123.0 59.2 113.0 155.8 198.4 183.1 65.3 34.3 154.4 132.7 48.9 123.2 405.0 283.3 746.5 339.7 442.4 31.6 144.6 54.2 38.4 22.7 95.7 6.5 15.3 243.7 7.3 88.7 160.3 21.5 27.8 150.1 131.9 192.8 14.2 14.4 570.4 230.0 11.0 205.2 74.3 28.5 12.2 55.9 73.9 179.4 51.6 133.4 388.4 63.1 287.2 237.8 83.2 59.8 83.2 36.0 41.2 33.5 584.0 109.5 36.0 57.4 159.7 216.1 158.6 210.1 154.0 163.8 105.7 93.6 105.1 207.6 364.3 104.5 99.2 68.2 120.3 222.8 142.0 72.9 79.0 123.1 100.7 123.6 64.0 102.6 151.5 194.1 215.3 61.1 33.6 151.1 130.2 47.2 127.9 422.9 282.5 798.0 341.6 484.2 29.2 146.1 56.0 38.4 22.8 91.1 6.6 15.1 243.9 8.5 89.1 163.6 22.0 27.5 148.2 132.0 192.7 14.7 15.6 599.4 233.6 13.9 202.4 76.3 31.2 12.6 56.2 73.6 178.7 51.5 134.7 383.1 63.1 284.9 235.6 82.2 57.8 86.2 37.5 40.2 35.1 515.4 100.1 37.3 56.2 163.7 231.4 155.9 214.7 151.0 165.7 104.4 95.4 106.0 210.8 364.6 109.3 104.9 68.6 121.5 217.7 132.3 75.3 83.2 120.9 103.4 124.8 62.6 102.0 151.6 198.0 209.5 56.6 33.3 152.3 135.7 53.0 128.0 426.0 270.1 751.7 338.3 497.6 28.8 148.4 54.8 39.6 22.7 94.3 6.4 15.2 242.5 8.5 89.8 166.6 22.7 27.9 146.0 137.1 192.0 15.7 16.7 615.2 238.5 14.7 205.3 77.7 33.2 13.4 56.8 73.8 178.4 52.0 135.7 384.1 63.3 284.0 235.0 81.2 58.0 85.5 37.6 41.0 34.6 544.4 97.1 36.9 55.9 166.3 232.7 162.6 207.2 149.6 166.8 110.4 100.4 107.0 207.4 362.9 113.7 104.4 70.4 123.0 223.1 131.4 78.6 77.7 119.8 105.5 125.7 60.7 104.0 158.0 198.4 203.9 56.0 34.0 152.6 140.1 50.9 131.6 388.9 287.8 705.6 332.5 497.1 29.0 148.4 54.2 39.9 23.5 92.1 6.5 15.1 238.8 8.7 92.1 177.1 23.4 28.6 148.2 137.4 192.7 16.2 18.1 628.7 242.1 15.5 205.6 78.8 35.1 13.6 58.0 74.2 179.1 52.5 136.9 387.0 62.1 292.3 240.2 79.8 57.9 88.7 37.3 42.5 35.7 513.3 85.0 37.6 55.3 161.7 225.4 161.9 207.7 151.9 161.7 110.4 101.3 107.7 206.7 356.7 115.6 105.0 72.2 124.6 217.3 132.3 76.4 80.1 118.6 107.7 125.3 61.9 110.9 172.1 206.1 224.6 56.3 36.2 158.9 144.6 52.2 129.6 379.9 307.8 715.8 323.7 498.5 28.0 149.0 57.3 39.8 24.0 91.6 6.6 15.2 240.8 9.2 95.1 176.6 24.6 30.7 148.1 133.5 189.3 16.4 18.3 626.2 245.2 16.4 207.8 80.7 38.9 16.8 59.7 75.5 180.9 53.8 136.4 379.9 60.5 287.6 236.0 77.3 58.8 87.4 38.2 42.8 35.7 511.6 78.1 37.3 55.0 167.5 235.1 159.5 198.4 148.6 157.3 109.4 102.6 105.3 205.4 328.5 112.9 102.0 70.8 122.4 223.4 131.5 77.8 77.4 116.1 108.0 123.6 65.3 111.9 167.1 204.3 243.6 54.1 36.7 157.5 148.9 56.6 132.2 389.2 304.3 714.3 322.0 494.4 29.2 151.1 59.0 38.7 26.0 92.2 6.6 15.2 254.3 10.8 98.8 166.9 24.9 32.9 147.2 133.4 191.6 16.4 18.7 611.6 241.5 16.8 202.3 80.6 42.7 17.0 61.1 75.7 178.5 54.7 134.3 -1.8% -2.5% -1.6% -1.8% -3.1% 1.5% -1.5% 2.5% 0.8% 0.2% -0.3% -8.1% -0.8% -0.6% 3.6% 4.3% -1.5% -4.5% -2.2% -2.7% -0.9% 1.2% -2.3% -0.6% -7.9% -2.3% -2.9% -2.0% -1.8% 2.8% -0.6% 1.9% -3.3% -2.1% 0.2% -1.4% 5.5% 0.9% -2.9% -0.9% 8.4% -4.0% 1.4% -0.9% 2.9% 8.6% 2.0% 2.5% -1.1% -0.2% -0.5% -0.8% 4.3% 1.4% 2.9% -2.7% 8.5% 0.7% 0.2% -0.1% 5.6% 17.4% 3.9% -5.5% 1.2% 7.2% -0.6% -0.4% -0.4% -0.6% -0.7% 0.2% 1.0% 0.9% 1.7% 2.0% 3.9% -1.5% -4.0% 0.4% 0.3% -0.9% -1.5% -0.9% -1.7% -1.5% -0.7% -1.9% -0.4% -1.8% -1.4% -1.3% 0.9% 0.9% -0.7% -1.2% -1.0% -2.3% 2.5% -4.1% -2.2% -0.1% -1.0% 0.1% -0.3% 1.5% 0.4% 8.0% -1.8% 0.4% 0.3% 1.9% 1.9% -0.7% -2.1% 1.4% ◆ 1.2% 0.3% 2.1% -2.3% -1.5% 2.4% -2.6% ◆ 9.6% 1.3% 2.4% 0.2% -1.3% 1.6% -1.6% ◆ 0.8% 0.4% -3.9% 1.2% 2.7% 0.5% 1.6% -1.4% 0.7% -0.2% -0.7% 5.2% 3.3% 1.8% 4.0% 2.7% -1.3% 0.8% -0.1% 0.8% 3.6% 1.9% 1.8% 4.4% 0.6% 3.0% 7.6% 3.7% 2.3% 0.4% -0.7% 1.7% -1.1% *In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology. than 0.05%. ◆Less bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 11 Energy per capita by region S. & Cent. America Africa North America Middle East Gigajoules per head CIS World Europe Asia Pacific 300 250 200 150 100 50 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0 19 Average global energy consumption per capita increased by only 0.2% in 2019 to 75.7 GJ/head, driven by growth in the Middle East (1.4%) and Asia Pacific (2.4%). Energy demand per head fell in all other regions. North America is the region with the highest consumption per capita (236 GJ/head), followed by CIS (158 GJ/head) and the Middle East (151 GJ/head). Africa remains the region with the lowest average consumption (15 GJ/head). Energy per capita: Distribution across countries Cumulative share of world population % 2019 1999 1979 100 80 60 40 20 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Energy per capita (GJ/head) In 2019 81% of the global population lived in countries where average energy demand per capita was less than 100 GJ/head, two percentage points more than 20 years ago. However, the share of the global population consuming less than 75 GJ/head declined from 76% in 1999 to 57% last year. Average energy demand per capita in China increased from 17 GJ/head in 1979 to 99 GJ/head in 2019. 12 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0 CO2 Carbon Carbon dioxide emissions Growth rate per annum Million tonnes of carbon dioxide Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 503.8 433.5 5289.1 6226.4 154.5 350.5 74.4 65.2 27.9 34.5 23.0 172.9 193.8 1096.5 63.7 127.5 113.6 57.4 354.8 753.6 104.2 48.0 391.6 217.7 36.1 305.3 56.9 80.6 317.4 53.2 44.2 275.3 271.5 513.5 387.3 4573.5 25.9 57.1 170.9 1445.0 50.3 103.2 23.6 1876.1 516.7 93.2 68.4 81.2 42.1 51.4 443.8 205.5 155.7 1658.0 95.7 177.2 45.2 475.0 277.2 1070.2 410.5 49.2 7710.1 86.5 1596.2 388.3 1130.0 190.3 34.8 146.0 74.5 176.7 534.2 13.2 251.2 236.5 102.4 113.9 13244.5 29745.2 12507.6 17237.6 3830.3 530.1 442.6 5485.7 6458.4 166.0 398.3 76.1 72.6 32.1 39.4 25.2 167.2 196.1 1173.0 68.0 136.4 116.5 65.5 360.4 783.2 96.1 48.7 396.4 226.5 36.8 323.8 51.5 78.2 301.5 56.7 42.1 276.3 286.8 530.1 399.9 4681.2 24.9 60.2 183.9 1492.2 54.3 101.3 23.1 1939.7 518.1 99.1 71.6 87.0 48.9 60.3 486.3 215.3 152.1 1738.5 94.2 188.8 49.1 476.7 292.4 1101.1 402.6 50.6 8143.4 88.3 1660.7 428.0 1201.8 213.0 34.7 145.7 79.9 185.3 590.9 13.1 264.2 248.7 121.9 120.5 13993.5 31085.5 12957.5 18128.0 3922.9 541.0 465.8 5336.4 6343.3 168.7 423.8 87.0 71.2 32.8 45.6 24.8 172.0 200.7 1226.7 64.9 123.0 113.2 57.7 334.1 763.7 95.5 49.3 386.4 219.4 36.3 324.0 51.4 85.1 309.9 51.8 40.1 298.8 302.9 495.6 400.5 4603.7 28.5 57.0 202.5 1555.8 59.9 107.5 24.6 2035.9 531.6 104.0 72.8 85.9 52.3 68.7 501.7 222.3 145.3 1784.6 100.6 189.5 52.9 467.8 291.8 1102.6 409.7 56.5 8824.3 92.0 1735.2 480.1 1210.3 213.6 34.6 144.1 80.7 192.7 617.7 14.8 270.0 253.5 135.0 112.0 14876.6 31973.4 12783.1 19190.3 3800.4 526.3 474.0 5090.0 6090.3 175.3 442.9 89.4 79.7 34.3 45.3 24.7 182.1 201.1 1274.7 62.5 119.0 109.4 51.5 335.6 773.0 89.8 45.1 369.9 212.2 36.0 308.1 50.7 81.7 308.0 48.9 41.4 314.4 297.4 512.1 377.3 4544.0 29.6 58.5 209.7 1569.1 65.2 104.5 26.6 2063.1 535.1 111.1 78.9 96.0 57.5 77.8 526.4 233.5 137.7 1854.0 108.9 200.4 53.9 463.8 309.9 1136.9 402.6 60.4 9001.3 88.7 1848.1 513.0 1296.1 226.8 36.2 145.5 83.1 192.0 614.6 16.1 266.2 270.6 132.7 116.5 15310.6 32273.5 12580.3 19693.2 3737.7 544.1 472.8 5249.6 6266.5 182.8 482.9 91.1 83.5 36.5 46.5 26.0 177.0 200.4 1326.6 63.1 120.0 105.1 52.6 334.9 797.6 81.4 42.6 340.5 208.2 36.0 310.4 49.3 69.8 276.2 47.9 43.6 303.3 284.8 500.0 370.5 4437.9 30.2 58.1 211.0 1527.7 58.3 105.7 25.5 2016.5 564.6 119.5 69.3 100.5 65.6 84.7 535.3 248.9 130.5 1918.9 115.4 199.0 54.3 464.2 329.3 1162.2 399.0 62.7 9244.0 91.5 1929.4 532.9 1282.9 233.1 35.6 145.5 91.9 191.4 619.5 14.0 269.2 273.9 140.8 109.7 15666.9 32795.6 12661.9 20133.6 3653.5 553.5 459.6 5254.6 6267.7 182.7 503.8 88.4 89.2 38.5 47.2 25.8 171.1 201.4 1348.0 58.9 111.7 102.1 48.1 301.3 751.1 77.8 41.9 317.7 197.6 35.4 293.3 48.6 71.1 273.6 46.1 38.7 335.1 244.8 458.1 352.4 4205.4 31.0 57.1 212.5 1530.8 60.5 109.6 27.1 2028.6 578.2 115.6 66.7 90.4 65.1 92.2 570.9 245.1 130.1 1954.4 123.6 203.5 56.5 469.1 345.4 1198.0 405.7 65.5 9239.9 89.7 2083.5 486.1 1249.3 242.2 35.7 152.3 97.3 190.9 614.9 14.2 275.2 280.7 157.4 121.9 15802.6 32804.7 12441.5 20363.3 3445.6 546.2 463.1 5141.4 6150.8 186.0 487.0 88.9 89.8 37.6 50.6 24.3 164.4 212.2 1340.8 60.9 118.3 103.2 45.2 306.7 755.6 75.2 44.3 329.8 206.7 35.5 293.3 53.1 71.9 289.2 46.5 39.5 340.6 192.3 439.7 362.1 4209.5 33.6 53.0 207.5 1491.0 71.5 104.1 28.2 1989.0 570.2 115.7 69.8 98.5 68.6 104.0 588.4 267.1 119.9 2002.1 129.0 207.6 56.7 451.7 355.9 1200.9 411.3 79.6 9186.0 90.5 2149.4 497.9 1209.9 245.7 36.5 159.9 106.2 202.7 624.2 17.9 271.7 291.4 183.4 129.8 15894.1 32787.2 12347.8 20439.4 3486.9 537.8 468.8 5042.4 6049.0 185.8 450.4 94.1 95.1 35.4 54.8 22.0 151.4 219.4 1308.4 61.9 120.1 105.0 48.6 312.1 770.5 72.0 45.2 329.9 209.8 34.3 306.0 52.5 69.5 282.2 46.6 38.0 359.0 213.2 415.8 370.2 4262.5 33.1 53.3 208.5 1504.8 70.9 97.3 28.7 1996.7 596.6 132.7 69.1 102.9 69.0 101.5 599.5 276.9 118.0 2066.3 127.7 216.7 57.0 470.5 359.3 1231.1 411.8 80.4 9137.6 92.7 2242.9 502.0 1193.2 251.4 35.6 175.7 116.4 217.0 629.6 20.2 280.3 298.2 195.5 141.5 16022.1 32936.1 12270.1 20666.0 3498.5 549.1 476.9 4983.9 6009.9 182.8 457.2 92.4 89.4 34.3 51.6 21.5 142.7 217.5 1289.4 64.7 122.1 103.1 45.5 318.1 760.9 76.6 47.3 333.4 202.9 34.1 315.5 57.8 72.9 299.8 45.8 38.8 397.1 185.8 404.1 379.1 4305.4 32.1 54.4 219.4 1486.9 70.2 97.5 28.8 1989.3 612.6 130.7 71.0 94.7 77.4 97.0 593.0 280.7 120.1 2077.3 130.7 218.8 60.0 465.8 375.6 1250.9 409.6 84.1 9298.0 98.9 2329.8 527.0 1187.5 241.4 37.4 189.6 128.9 228.9 645.2 21.7 288.4 299.0 196.1 145.5 16357.1 33279.5 12300.2 20979.2 3527.1 565.6 466.6 5116.8 6149.0 180.4 442.3 94.3 90.0 37.0 53.4 20.4 119.6 225.9 1263.1 62.8 125.1 102.2 46.8 307.2 731.3 74.4 47.5 332.1 198.2 34.8 319.5 54.6 73.2 293.6 45.0 37.2 392.1 193.1 396.9 378.6 4246.1 32.8 58.4 243.8 1548.4 78.2 101.8 32.3 2095.7 644.1 136.3 70.7 94.3 84.7 100.2 573.8 285.0 117.2 2106.2 140.4 221.3 61.6 470.4 390.8 1284.5 411.1 90.5 9507.1 99.5 2452.5 580.7 1164.2 243.5 37.0 197.7 133.7 225.3 662.2 21.6 287.0 306.1 237.0 206.7 16863.3 34007.9 12372.3 21635.6 3466.5 556.2 455.0 4964.7 5975.9 174.9 441.3 92.4 100.6 35.6 53.7 20.1 102.4 233.9 1254.9 64.7 124.5 98.8 43.0 299.2 683.8 71.7 47.4 325.4 192.0 33.6 303.9 51.4 70.5 278.5 46.3 38.2 383.3 185.4 387.1 382.2 4110.8 34.9 59.0 239.9 1532.6 85.8 98.5 34.7 2085.3 670.7 148.6 73.1 97.3 86.7 102.5 579.9 282.6 122.8 2164.1 147.1 217.4 68.2 478.8 396.9 1308.5 428.3 106.5 9825.8 94.7 2480.4 632.1 1123.1 244.5 38.4 198.3 140.1 218.9 638.6 23.4 278.6 301.7 285.9 210.3 17269.5 34169.0 12012.0 22157.0 3330.4 -1.7% -2.5% -3.0% -2.8% -3.1% -0.2% -2.0% 11.8% -3.8% 0.7% -1.3% -14.4% 3.5% -0.7% 3.0% -0.5% -3.3% -8.2% -2.6% -6.5% -3.6% -0.1% -2.0% -3.1% -3.5% -4.9% -5.9% -3.7% -5.1% 2.9% 2.7% -2.2% -4.0% -2.5% 1.0% -3.2% 6.5% 1.0% -1.6% -1.0% 9.8% -3.2% 7.3% -0.5% 4.1% 9.0% 3.4% 3.2% 2.4% 2.3% 1.1% -0.8% 4.8% 2.8% 4.7% -1.7% 10.8% 1.8% 1.6% 1.9% 4.2% 17.7% 3.4% -4.8% 1.1% 8.8% -3.5% 0.4% 3.8% 0.3% 4.7% -2.8% -3.6% 8.6% -2.9% -1.4% 20.6% 1.8% 2.4% 0.5% -2.9% 2.4% -3.9% 0.4% 0.8% -1.1% -0.8% 1.2% 1.7% 2.0% 2.9% 3.0% 4.5% -1.9% -3.6% 1.2% 1.1% -1.1% -1.3% -1.6% -2.5% -1.8% -1.0% -3.8% -1.3% -2.8% -1.4% -0.4% ◆ -0.5% -2.6% -1.9% -2.1% -1.6% 3.6% -4.8% -3.4% -0.9% -1.5% 1.0% -0.2% 2.6% ◆ 9.3% -0.2% 2.8% 0.5% 2.5% 5.2% -0.1% 1.7% 7.2% 7.0% 3.0% 3.0% -2.8% 2.6% 4.5% 2.6% 2.4% -0.1% 3.7% 2.0% -0.2% 7.4% 2.6% 2.3% 5.3% 4.4% -1.1% 2.1% -0.2% 3.1% 6.1% 3.3% 2.2% 5.5% 1.0% 2.6% 8.6% 4.8% 2.7% 1.1% -0.8% 2.5% -1.8% Share 2019 1.6% 1.3% 14.5% 17.5% 0.5% 1.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.7% 3.7% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.9% 2.0% 0.2% 0.1% 1.0% 0.6% 0.1% 0.9% 0.2% 0.2% 0.8% 0.1% 0.1% 1.1% 0.5% 1.1% 1.1% 12.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.7% 4.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 6.1% 2.0% 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 1.7% 0.8% 0.4% 6.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.2% 1.4% 1.2% 3.8% 1.3% 0.3% 28.8% 0.3% 7.3% 1.8% 3.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 1.9% 0.1% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 50.5% 100.0% 35.2% 64.8% 9.7% ◆Less than 0.05%. Note: The carbon emissions above reflect only those through consumption of oil, gas and coal for combustion related activities, and are based on ‘Default CO2 Emissions Factors for Combustion’ listed by the IPCC in its Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006). This does not allow for any carbon that is sequestered, for other sources of carbon emissions, or for emissions of other greenhouse gases. Our data is therefore not comparable to official national emissions data. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 13 Oil Total proved reserves Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Italy Norway Romania United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Angola Chad Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Nigeria South Sudan Sudan Tunisia Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD OPEC Non-OPEC European Union Canadian oil sands: Total of which: Under active development Venezuela: Orinoco Belt †Less than 0.05. At end 1999 Thousand million barrels At end 2009 Thousand million barrels At end 2018 Thousand million barrels Thousand million barrels 181.6 21.5 29.7 232.8 3.1 8.2 2.3 2.6 0.9 0.8 76.8 1.3 95.9 0.9 0.6 10.9 1.2 5.0 2.0 20.7 1.2 5.4 112.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 120.1 93.1 112.5 96.5 5.7 13.1 262.8 2.3 97.8 1.9 0.2 685.8 11.3 5.1 – 1.7 3.8 0.6 2.6 29.5 29.0 n/a 0.3 0.3 0.7 84.7 4.7 1.3 15.1 5.0 5.2 2.1 0.4 1.8 1.4 37.0 1277.1 256.4 1020.7 821.8 455.3 8.8 175.2 11.9 – 175.0 11.9 30.9 217.8 2.5 12.9 1.4 2.7 1.1 0.8 211.2 0.8 233.3 0.9 0.5 7.1 0.6 2.8 2.0 14.0 7.0 30.0 105.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 144.0 137.0 115.0 101.5 5.5 25.9 264.6 2.5 97.8 3.0 0.3 753.1 12.2 9.5 1.5 2.0 4.4 1.7 2.0 46.4 37.2 n/a 5.0 0.4 0.6 123.0 4.1 1.1 21.6 5.8 4.3 3.6 0.4 4.5 1.1 46.6 1531.8 234.7 1297.1 1040.8 491.0 6.0 169.8 26.5 133.4 170.8 5.8 68.9 245.5 2.4 13.4 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.2 303.8 0.5 324.7 0.4 0.6 8.6 0.6 2.7 1.6 14.6 7.0 30.0 107.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 145.7 155.6 145.0 101.5 5.4 25.2 297.7 2.5 97.8 3.0 0.2 833.9 12.2 8.2 1.5 3.0 3.1 1.1 2.0 48.4 37.0 3.5 1.5 0.4 3.9 125.7 2.4 1.1 26.2 4.5 3.2 2.8 0.3 4.4 1.2 46.0 1735.9 261.3 1474.6 1214.8 521.1 5.1 163.5 21.2 261.8 169.7 5.8 68.9 244.4 2.4 12.7 2.0 1.6 0.9 0.2 303.8 0.5 324.1 0.4 0.6 8.5 0.6 2.7 1.6 14.4 7.0 30.0 107.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 145.7 155.6 145.0 101.5 5.4 25.2 297.6 2.5 97.8 3.0 0.2 833.8 12.2 8.2 1.5 3.0 3.1 1.1 2.0 48.4 37.0 3.5 1.5 0.4 3.9 125.7 2.4 1.1 26.2 4.7 2.5 2.8 0.3 4.4 1.4 45.7 1733.9 260.1 1473.7 1214.7 519.2 5.0 162.4 20.1 261.8 At end 2019 Thousand million Share tonnes of total 27.3 0.8 8.2 36.3 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 † 48.0 0.1 50.9 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.9 1.0 3.9 14.7 0.1 0.1 † 19.8 21.4 19.6 14.0 0.7 2.6 40.9 0.3 13.0 0.4 † 112.9 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 6.3 5.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5 16.6 0.3 0.1 3.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 † 0.6 0.2 6.1 244.6 38.3 206.3 171.8 72.8 0.7 26.4 3.3 42.0 9.8% 0.3% 4.0% 14.1% 0.1% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% ◆ ◆ 17.5% ◆ 18.7% ◆ ◆ 0.5% ◆ 0.2% 0.1% 0.8% 0.4% 1.7% 6.2% ◆ ◆ ◆ 8.4% 9.0% 8.4% 5.9% 0.3% 1.5% 17.2% 0.1% 5.6% 0.2% ◆ 48.1% 0.7% 0.5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 2.8% 2.1% 0.2% 0.1% ◆ 0.2% 7.2% 0.1% 0.1% 1.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% ◆ 0.3% 0.1% 2.6% 100.0% 15.0% 85.0% 70.1% 29.9% 0.3% 9.4% 1.2% 15.1% R/P ratio 82.3 8.3 11.1 27.2 10.5 12.1 6.1 8.4 16.5 8.1 * 12.7 143.8 11.7 17.0 13.5 22.0 6.6 15.0 11.6 24.6 42.6 25.5 6.2 26.3 17.6 27.3 120.6 83.1 92.8 15.2 36.7 68.9 291.2 67.0 84.2 2.6 75.3 22.5 15.8 32.4 24.1 12.3 16.7 25.1 107.9 48.0 69.1 40.2 23.2 33.8 41.0 13.4 24.8 18.7 15.5 8.7 11.9 1.7 51.0 16.3 16.4 49.9 25.1 60.4 93.6 23.9 9.0 Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. *More than 500 years. Notes: Total proved reserves of oil – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved oil reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved reserves by country. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. Source of data – the estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources, third-party data from the OPEC Secretariat, World Oil, Oil & Gas Journal and Chinese reserves based on official data and information in the public domain. Canadian oil sands ‘under active development’ are an official estimate. Venezuelan Orinoco Belt reserves are based on the OPEC Secretariat and government announcements. Reserves and R/P ratio for Canada includes Canadian oil sands. Reserves and R/P ratio for Venezuela includes the Orinoco Belt. Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves include NGLs from 2017. Reserves include gas condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs) as well as crude oil. Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using thousand million barrels figures. ◆ 14 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 2019 by region History 150 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa Asia Pacific North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS 150 Middle East Africa Asia Pacific World 120 120 90 90 60 60 30 30 0 89 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 Global proved oil reserves were 1734 billion barrels at the end of 2019, down 2 billion barrels versus 2018. The global R/P ratio shows that oil reserves in 2019 accounted for 50 years of current production. Regionally, South & Central America has the highest R/P ratio (144 years) while Europe has the lowest (12 years). OPEC holds 70.1% of global reserves. The top countries in terms of reserves are Venezuela (17.5% of global reserves), closely followed by Saudi Arabia (17.2%) and Canada (9.8%). Distribution of proved reserves in 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage Middle East S. & Cent. America North America CIS Africa Asia Pacific Europe 0.8 2.6 48.1 7.2 0.9 3.0 49.2 8.4 8.0 1.6 2.9 53.7 6.6 2019 Total 1733.9 thousand million barrels 9.4 2009 Total 1531.8 thousand million barrels 9.4 1999 Total 1277.1 thousand million barrels 14.1 14.2 18.2 7.5 15.2 18.7 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 15 Oil: Production in thousands of barrels per day* Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Italy Norway Romania United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Angola Chad Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Nigeria South Sudan Sudan Tunisia Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD OPEC Non-OPEC European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 3331 2978 7267 13576 730 2019 671 488 155 150 3038 136 7387 265 95 2343 94 1474 357 4627 1027 1609 10152 221 95 36 13141 4285 2446 2502 813 1415 9709 401 2795 308 192 24866 1775 1754 118 276 730 332 241 1739 2211 n/a 475 91 181 9923 507 168 3805 838 994 688 385 340 331 8057 81578 18570 63008 33590 47988 2124 3457 2959 7558 13975 712 2125 786 488 165 145 2842 144 7407 249 106 2133 90 1358 342 4277 1037 1676 10379 226 78 36 13431 4421 2469 2564 865 1630 9865 385 2937 306 192 25634 1689 1812 122 314 725 306 233 1799 2533 n/a 462 83 149 10227 548 172 4077 901 1003 733 393 312 318 8458 83409 18671 64738 34272 49138 1984 3637 2940 7883 14460 667 2173 915 501 159 136 2755 144 7450 225 110 2033 89 1114 336 3906 932 1684 10533 234 77 36 13496 4452 2773 2918 885 1824 11079 353 3300 220 201 28007 1642 1670 114 301 714 301 236 516 2461 n/a 291 77 198 8520 483 165 4074 937 952 659 429 316 302 8318 84157 18713 65444 34905 49252 1714 3860 2911 8926 15697 657 2132 944 505 157 117 2704 147 7362 204 112 1911 83 947 336 3593 882 1664 10656 244 68 35 13549 3810 3079 3173 918 1928 11622 171 3425 178 184 28487 1537 1734 101 280 715 320 221 1539 2412 31 103 82 196 9270 479 159 4155 926 917 663 471 347 291 8407 86366 19630 66736 36358 50008 1519 4128 2875 10099 17101 644 2096 1010 527 171 116 2680 152 7397 178 114 1832 86 865 344 3420 888 1737 10807 256 63 35 13786 3609 3103 3134 942 1991 11393 59 3566 197 209 28202 1485 1738 91 243 710 282 213 1048 2279 100 118 76 225 8607 407 135 4216 926 883 627 466 346 274 8281 86794 20780 66014 35300 51494 1425 4418 2784 11801 19004 638 2341 990 557 175 114 2692 155 7662 167 120 1881 84 854 339 3444 861 1710 10860 263 61 35 13790 3714 3239 3106 943 1975 11519 33 3603 153 214 28499 1589 1701 89 253 714 284 211 518 2276 155 120 71 234 8216 436 126 4246 905 847 649 464 325 296 8295 88910 22749 66161 35262 53648 1406 4572 2587 12781 19940 646 2525 1006 543 153 109 2631 146 7758 158 113 1940 83 964 331 3590 851 1695 11007 271 59 36 13918 3853 3986 3069 981 1933 11998 27 3898 63 213 30021 1558 1796 111 234 726 260 214 437 2201 148 109 64 273 8129 384 127 4309 893 838 696 481 352 298 8377 91733 23781 67951 36677 55056 1499 4655 2456 12349 19460 610 2591 886 548 141 97 2347 135 7355 142 78 1991 79 1015 313 3618 838 1655 11269 270 58 36 14126 4578 4423 3150 1004 1938 12406 25 4038 43 214 31819 1577 1745 117 232 691 223 221 412 1900 117 104 60 255 7653 361 121 3999 874 876 726 489 317 281 8043 92072 23310 68762 37799 54273 1485 5037 2224 13135 20396 590 2721 854 531 137 99 2096 133 7161 138 86 1965 76 1005 303 3573 793 1838 11255 271 61 37 14255 5007 4538 3009 971 1882 11892 25 3910 71 208 31512 1540 1671 98 270 660 195 210 929 1969 122 95 48 300 8109 348 113 3846 885 838 718 486 284 273 7792 92798 24193 68604 37769 55029 1470 5501 2068 15360 22929 591 2679 865 517 154 87 1475 127 6495 116 97 1845 75 1092 308 3532 796 1927 11438 261 64 38 14524 4801 4632 3050 978 1900 12261 24 3912 83 207 31848 1511 1519 116 330 699 190 193 1165 2007 128 100 50 300 8308 356 112 3798 869 808 707 478 257 233 7617 95254 26682 68572 37563 57691 1540 5651 1918 17045 24614 620 2877 886 531 142 82 918 118 6174 103 89 1731 75 1118 298 3413 779 1931 11540 264 62 39 14614 3535 4779 2996 971 1883 11832 24 3998 98 214 30329 1486 1417 127 339 686 180 218 1227 2109 139 102 50 317 8399 490 121 3836 826 781 651 477 236 230 7650 95192 28381 66811 35566 59626 1531 2.7% -7.3% 11.0% 7.3% 4.9% 7.4% 2.4% 2.7% -7.2% -5.8% -37.7% -7.1% -4.9% -11.2% -8.7% -6.2% 0.3% 2.4% -3.1% -3.4% -2.1% 0.2% 0.9% 1.1% -3.2% 2.9% 0.6% -26.4% 3.2% -1.8% -0.8% -0.9% -3.5% -2.2% 2.2% 18.1% 3.7% -4.8% -1.6% -6.7% 9.8% 2.6% -1.9% -5.3% 12.7% 5.3% 5.1% 8.7% 2.2% – 5.8% 1.1% 37.9% 8.8% 1.0% -4.9% -3.4% -8.0% -0.1% -7.9% -1.3% 0.4% -0.1% 6.4% -2.6% -5.3% 3.4% -0.6% 5.1% -4.2% 8.5% 5.6% -3.0% 3.6% 3.9% 0.2% 2.3% -5.2% -7.5% -1.2% -1.3% -8.7% -1.1% -2.8% -2.8% -3.5% -2.0% -3.2% -1.4% 2.6% 1.4% 1.9% -4.5% 0.3% 1.3% 0.8% 6.7% 0.9% 2.6% 2.9% 1.4% -24.6% 2.3% -12.5% 0.7% 1.8% -2.5% -2.1% -0.9% 3.4% -0.2% -6.4% -2.1% -4.6% -0.8% n/a -14.1% -6.3% 5.0% -2.1% -4.0% -4.4% ◆ 0.6% -2.2% -0.3% 2.6% -1.9% -3.7% -0.6% 1.4% 3.7% 0.6% 0.5% 2.0% -3.8% Share 2019 5.9% 2.0% 17.9% 25.9% 0.7% 3.0% 0.9% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 1.0% 0.1% 6.5% 0.1% 0.1% 1.8% 0.1% 1.2% 0.3% 3.6% 0.8% 2.0% 12.1% 0.3% 0.1% ◆ 15.4% 3.7% 5.0% 3.1% 1.0% 2.0% 12.4% ◆ 4.2% 0.1% 0.2% 31.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.7% 0.2% 0.2% 1.3% 2.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 8.8% 0.5% 0.1% 4.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 8.0% 100.0% 29.8% 70.2% 37.4% 62.6% 1.6% Source: includes data from FGE. *Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids – ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain. Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form. ◆ Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. 16 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Oil: Production in million tonnes* Growth rate per annum Million tonnes Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Italy Norway Romania United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Angola Chad Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Nigeria South Sudan Sudan Tunisia Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD OPEC Non-OPEC European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 158.4 146.7 322.6 627.7 34.0 105.7 35.3 26.1 6.9 6.8 155.9 6.9 377.6 12.9 4.6 108.2 4.5 68.2 17.6 215.9 50.9 76.5 501.4 10.9 4.5 1.8 645.9 207.2 119.7 121.0 39.7 62.4 459.0 19.3 129.3 14.4 9.4 1181.5 77.2 86.0 6.2 14.1 35.3 15.6 12.0 81.7 106.9 n/a 23.4 4.2 9.1 471.8 22.4 8.2 189.5 38.0 48.4 31.8 15.0 16.6 14.5 384.4 3904.8 859.1 3045.7 1611.9 2292.8 99.9 165.7 145.6 333.1 644.5 33.3 111.3 41.4 26.1 7.3 6.2 145.8 7.3 378.7 12.2 5.1 98.4 4.3 63.0 16.9 199.8 51.3 79.7 512.3 11.1 3.6 1.8 659.9 212.0 120.8 123.4 42.2 70.9 463.3 18.5 135.2 14.3 9.4 1210.1 73.8 88.9 6.4 16.0 35.0 14.5 11.6 84.6 122.1 n/a 22.8 3.9 7.4 487.0 24.5 8.4 203.0 41.3 48.6 33.1 15.2 15.3 14.0 403.4 3983.4 862.3 3121.0 1638.2 2345.2 93.4 175.1 144.5 346.0 665.7 31.2 113.8 48.2 26.8 7.0 5.9 141.5 7.3 381.7 10.9 5.3 93.2 4.2 52.0 16.7 182.3 46.1 80.1 519.5 11.5 3.6 1.8 662.5 212.5 135.8 140.9 43.2 77.7 522.7 16.9 150.5 10.2 9.9 1320.4 71.7 82.0 6.0 15.3 34.6 14.2 11.8 24.3 118.4 n/a 14.3 3.6 9.8 406.0 21.5 8.1 202.9 42.9 46.3 29.7 15.8 15.4 13.2 395.8 4014.4 862.7 3151.7 1668.5 2345.9 81.2 187.8 143.9 395.0 726.7 30.8 111.9 49.9 27.1 6.9 5.2 139.3 7.4 378.6 10.0 5.4 86.9 4.0 44.6 16.7 167.5 43.7 79.3 526.7 12.0 3.2 1.8 666.7 180.5 151.3 154.0 45.0 82.2 549.2 8.1 156.2 8.1 9.0 1343.7 67.2 85.3 5.3 14.2 34.7 15.2 11.1 72.6 116.4 1.5 5.1 3.8 9.8 442.2 21.4 7.8 207.5 42.5 44.6 30.1 17.3 17.0 12.8 400.9 4126.3 908.6 3217.6 1739.7 2386.6 72.5 200.6 141.8 448.5 790.9 30.2 109.7 53.2 28.2 7.3 5.1 137.8 7.6 379.1 8.7 5.5 82.8 4.1 40.6 17.1 158.8 43.8 82.3 532.2 12.5 2.9 1.8 675.5 169.7 152.0 151.4 46.1 84.2 538.4 2.7 162.8 9.0 10.3 1326.6 64.8 85.2 4.8 12.3 34.4 13.2 10.7 49.4 109.5 4.9 5.8 3.5 11.2 409.5 17.8 6.6 210.0 42.5 42.7 28.7 17.1 16.9 12.1 394.4 4134.9 960.2 3174.7 1685.4 2449.5 68.0 215.8 137.1 524.4 877.3 29.8 122.5 52.2 29.8 7.5 5.1 138.5 7.8 393.1 8.1 5.8 84.8 4.1 39.9 16.9 159.6 42.5 81.1 535.1 12.9 2.8 1.8 676.1 174.0 158.8 150.2 46.2 83.5 543.8 1.5 163.4 6.9 10.5 1338.9 68.8 83.3 4.7 12.9 35.1 13.3 10.5 24.4 109.3 7.7 5.9 3.3 11.6 390.6 19.1 6.2 211.4 41.6 41.0 29.8 16.9 15.9 13.3 395.1 4230.8 1049.2 3181.5 1681.1 2549.7 66.9 223.6 127.5 567.0 918.2 30.0 132.2 53.0 29.1 6.5 4.8 135.4 7.3 398.4 7.7 5.5 87.5 4.0 45.3 16.5 166.4 42.0 80.2 541.8 13.2 2.7 1.8 681.7 180.2 195.6 148.2 48.0 81.2 568.0 1.2 176.1 2.6 10.5 1411.8 67.2 88.2 5.8 11.9 35.4 12.1 10.7 20.5 105.7 7.3 5.4 2.9 13.5 386.7 17.0 6.2 214.6 41.2 40.6 32.2 17.6 17.2 13.4 399.8 4362.9 1095.0 3267.9 1749.0 2613.9 71.4 226.7 121.4 542.4 890.5 28.6 136.2 46.8 29.5 5.8 4.3 121.0 6.8 379.1 6.9 3.8 90.1 3.8 47.4 15.6 167.7 41.4 78.6 555.9 13.2 2.6 1.8 693.6 216.1 217.6 152.7 49.3 81.6 586.7 1.1 182.4 1.6 10.6 1499.8 68.4 85.8 6.1 11.9 33.8 10.4 11.0 19.3 91.3 5.8 5.1 2.8 12.7 364.5 15.6 5.9 199.7 40.2 42.8 33.3 18.1 15.5 12.6 383.7 4378.9 1067.4 3311.4 1804.3 2574.6 70.5 245.8 109.5 573.9 929.2 27.2 142.3 45.0 28.5 5.7 4.4 107.6 6.7 367.4 6.7 4.1 88.7 3.6 46.6 15.0 164.9 39.1 87.0 554.3 13.1 2.8 1.8 698.1 235.5 222.4 145.0 47.6 79.1 559.3 1.1 176.2 3.0 10.3 1479.3 66.6 81.6 5.2 13.8 32.2 9.0 10.5 43.8 94.5 6.0 4.7 2.2 14.8 384.8 14.9 5.5 191.5 40.4 41.0 32.9 17.6 13.9 12.2 369.8 4393.5 1102.9 3290.6 1794.2 2599.3 69.3 268.3 102.3 671.6 1042.2 27.5 140.2 45.6 27.7 6.4 3.9 75.6 6.4 333.4 5.6 4.7 83.1 3.6 50.9 15.2 163.2 39.2 91.2 563.3 12.6 2.9 1.9 711.1 224.7 227.0 146.8 47.8 79.5 576.8 1.1 176.7 3.5 10.2 1494.1 65.3 74.1 6.1 16.9 34.2 8.7 9.7 54.9 96.4 6.3 4.9 2.3 14.8 394.5 15.2 5.4 189.1 39.5 39.5 32.4 17.1 12.4 10.5 361.0 4499.5 1213.9 3285.6 1781.4 2718.1 72.8 274.9 94.9 746.7 1116.5 28.8 150.8 46.7 28.5 6.1 3.7 46.6 5.9 317.0 5.0 4.3 78.4 3.6 51.8 14.8 157.8 38.1 91.4 568.1 12.5 2.8 1.9 714.9 160.8 234.2 144.0 47.3 78.5 556.6 1.0 180.2 4.2 10.4 1417.4 64.3 69.1 6.7 17.4 33.6 8.2 10.9 57.8 101.4 6.8 5.0 2.3 15.6 399.1 20.6 5.9 191.0 37.5 38.2 29.8 17.0 11.4 10.3 361.8 4484.5 1288.3 3196.2 1680.0 2804.5 72.0 2.5% -7.2% 11.2% 7.1% 4.7% 7.5% 2.4% 2.7% -5.3% -6.2% -38.3% -6.9% -4.9% -11.2% -8.7% -5.7% -0.3% 1.8% -3.0% -3.3% -2.7% 0.2% 0.8% -0.5% -3.3% 2.9% 0.5% -28.4% 3.2% -1.9% -1.0% -1.2% -3.5% -2.5% 2.0% 20.5% 2.7% -5.1% -1.6% -6.8% 9.8% 2.6% -1.9% -5.8% 12.7% 5.2% 5.3% 8.7% 2.2% – 5.8% 1.1% 36.0% 9.0% 1.0% -5.2% -3.4% -7.8% -0.2% -7.8% -1.6% 0.2% -0.3% 6.1% -2.7% -5.7% 3.2% -1.1% 2008-18 Share 2019 5.4% 6.1% -4.2% 2.1% 8.3% 16.7% 5.4% 24.9% -3.1% 0.6% 3.6% 3.4% 3.9% 1.0% 0.2% 0.6% 1.2% 0.1% -5.5% 0.1% -7.6% 1.0% -1.3% 0.1% -1.3% 7.1% -8.7% 0.1% -1.1% 0.1% -3.1% 1.7% -2.7% 0.1% -3.4% 1.2% -2.0% 0.3% -3.3% 3.5% -1.4% 0.9% 2.6% 2.0% 1.3% 12.7% 1.7% 0.3% -4.9% 0.1% ◆ 0.3% 1.3% 15.9% 0.4% 3.6% 6.6% 5.2% 0.8% 3.2% 2.6% 1.1% 2.1% 1.8% 1.2% 12.4% ◆ -25.4% 2.0% 4.0% -13.4% 0.1% 0.7% 0.2% 1.6% 31.6% -2.6% 1.4% -2.2% 1.5% -1.0% 0.1% 3.3% 0.4% -0.1% 0.7% -6.8% 0.2% -2.1% 0.2% -4.6% 1.3% -0.9% 2.3% n/a 0.2% -14.1% 0.1% -6.4% 0.1% 4.8% 0.3% -2.2% 8.9% -4.5% 0.5% -4.5% 0.1% -0.1% 4.3% 0.5% 0.8% -2.2% 0.9% -0.4% 0.7% 1.7% 0.4% -2.0% 0.3% -3.5% 0.2% -0.7% 8.1% 1.2% 100.0% 3.5% 28.7% 0.4% 71.3% 0.3% 37.5% 1.8% 62.5% -3.7% 1.6% Source: includes data from FGE. *Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids – ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain. Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes figures. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 17 Oil: Crude oil and condensate production in thousands of barrels per day* Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Italy Norway Romania United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Angola Chad Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Nigeria South Sudan Sudan Tunisia Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD OPEC Non-OPEC European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 2705 2601 5357 10663 604 1950 671 486 117 107 2879 121 6935 265 95 2058 90 1332 331 4171 1014 1609 9927 211 95 36 12893 4015 2405 2278 813 1151 8411 366 2495 286 182 22402 1517 1734 118 269 665 310 241 1687 2138 n/a 475 82 181 9418 423 155 3805 690 949 659 238 332 281 7531 74013 15119 58894 30866 43147 1960 2849 2577 5484 10910 589 2055 786 486 123 98 2695 125 6957 249 106 1871 86 1234 319 3865 1023 1676 10150 216 78 36 13179 4068 2424 2307 865 1307 8423 350 2603 284 182 22813 1461 1793 122 307 663 286 233 1748 2455 n/a 462 79 149 9759 471 159 4077 762 945 653 242 304 270 7883 75366 15114 60253 31290 44076 1839 3021 2553 5667 11241 553 2105 915 500 117 92 2623 126 7031 225 110 1758 84 1028 316 3521 919 1684 10287 224 77 36 13226 4048 2728 2645 885 1399 9566 319 2853 197 191 24831 1416 1656 114 292 649 280 236 508 2373 n/a 291 70 198 8083 411 153 4074 793 902 583 224 308 256 7705 75638 15035 60602 31725 43912 1609 3250 2548 6518 12317 549 2061 944 504 112 82 2580 131 6963 204 112 1612 79 885 317 3209 872 1662 10395 231 68 35 13263 3398 3037 2890 918 1491 9987 146 2946 154 173 25140 1320 1714 101 268 649 299 221 1499 2330 31 103 70 196 8802 405 146 4155 786 859 598 239 339 246 7773 77467 15789 61678 32993 44474 1441 3486 2522 7493 13501 540 2024 1010 526 118 81 2564 135 6998 178 114 1532 83 810 327 3046 877 1720 10528 239 63 35 13463 3192 3058 2847 942 1520 9875 45 3084 173 199 24933 1275 1716 91 234 643 261 213 1025 2193 100 118 64 225 8158 335 122 4216 789 825 588 241 337 237 7690 77789 16730 61059 32063 45726 1356 3758 2429 8787 14973 532 2255 990 557 121 81 2578 140 7255 167 120 1562 82 791 324 3045 849 1701 10595 246 61 35 13488 3273 3198 2830 943 1508 9941 23 3063 128 204 25113 1329 1672 89 245 667 266 211 510 2188 155 120 59 234 7745 353 114 4246 778 789 610 233 315 261 7699 79318 18234 61084 31861 47457 1331 3863 2267 9439 15569 532 2437 1006 543 104 79 2514 133 7347 158 113 1608 80 903 317 3180 840 1672 10758 254 59 36 13619 3392 3945 2782 981 1463 10420 19 3284 38 203 26527 1290 1780 111 227 662 242 214 422 2119 148 109 54 273 7649 322 115 4309 771 786 662 248 342 265 7820 81711 18937 62773 33174 48537 1426 3868 2154 8839 14861 511 2510 886 548 91 71 2242 122 6982 142 78 1647 76 933 297 3173 826 1637 11003 250 58 36 13811 4090 4375 2860 1004 1465 10688 17 3384 16 204 28104 1316 1722 117 225 631 204 221 397 1822 117 104 51 255 7180 292 109 3999 744 831 667 258 308 250 7457 81567 18201 63366 34093 47474 1390 4216 1948 9352 15516 480 2622 854 531 88 72 1992 118 6757 138 86 1620 73 913 284 3114 781 1813 11017 248 61 37 13957 4470 4473 2704 971 1432 10175 17 3279 44 199 27763 1287 1632 98 263 603 174 210 909 1890 122 95 43 300 7626 284 101 3846 744 801 660 240 275 241 7192 81926 18793 63133 33990 47936 1364 4596 1833 10990 17420 489 2587 865 517 98 63 1386 113 6119 116 97 1516 72 1002 289 3092 783 1900 11201 236 64 38 14222 4260 4568 2737 978 1427 10533 16 3308 55 196 28078 1259 1479 116 323 644 169 193 1144 1922 128 100 42 299 7818 295 100 3798 719 772 653 228 243 208 7015 83764 20677 63087 33798 49966 1438 4688 1701 12232 18620 509 2788 886 531 95 59 839 105 5811 103 89 1437 71 1019 282 3000 762 1903 11292 228 62 39 14284 2980 4712 2678 971 1405 10145 16 3360 70 196 26532 1239 1377 127 332 633 159 218 1200 2021 139 102 42 316 7905 400 110 3836 677 745 604 228 225 204 7029 83182 21891 61291 31790 51392 1421 2.0% -7.2% 11.3% 6.9% 3.9% 7.8% 2.4% 2.7% -2.8% -7.3% -39.5% -6.9% -5.0% -11.2% -8.7% -5.2% -1.3% 1.6% -2.5% -3.0% -2.8% 0.1% 0.8% -3.5% -3.2% 2.9% 0.4% -30.0% 3.2% -2.1% -0.8% -1.6% -3.7% -3.2% 1.6% 27.2% 5.4% -4.1% 8.2% 5.2% -3.2% 3.6% 3.9% 0.2% ◆ -5.5% -1.6% -6.9% 9.8% 2.6% -1.7% -6.0% 12.7% 4.9% 5.2% 8.7% 2.2% – 5.7% 1.1% 35.8% 10.1% 1.0% -5.9% -3.5% -7.4% ◆ -5.7% -7.6% -1.3% -1.3% -8.7% -1.1% -3.5% -2.6% -3.2% -1.9% -3.5% -1.3% 2.5% 1.4% 1.4% -4.5% 0.3% 1.3% 0.2% 6.7% 0.6% 2.6% 1.7% 1.1% -27.0% 1.6% -15.4% 0.7% 1.5% -2.6% -2.2% -0.9% 3.3% -0.1% -7.0% -2.1% -4.5% -0.9% n/a -14.1% -7.1% 5.0% -2.2% -4.3% -4.7% ◆ 0.2% -2.3% -0.5% ◆ ◆ -7.7% -1.7% 0.2% -0.7% 5.9% -2.8% -5.9% 2.9% -1.2% -2.1% -3.3% -0.8% 1.0% 3.1% 0.4% 0.2% 1.6% -3.6% Share 2019 5.6% 2.0% 14.7% 22.4% 0.6% 3.4% 1.1% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 1.0% 0.1% 7.0% 0.1% 0.1% 1.7% 0.1% 1.2% 0.3% 3.6% 0.9% 2.3% 13.6% 0.3% 0.1% ◆ 17.2% 3.6% 5.7% 3.2% 1.2% 1.7% 12.2% ◆ 4.0% 0.1% 0.2% 31.9% 1.5% 1.7% 0.2% 0.4% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 1.4% 2.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 9.5% 0.5% 0.1% 4.6% 0.8% 0.9% 0.7% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 8.5% 100.0% 26.3% 73.7% 38.2% 61.8% 1.7% Source: includes data from FGE. *Includes crude oil, shale/tight oil, oil sands, lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining. Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. 18 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Oil: Natural gas liquids production in thousands of barrels per day* Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Italy Norway Romania United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Angola Chad Republic of Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Nigeria South Sudan Sudan Tunisia Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD OPEC Non-OPEC European Union 626 377 1910 2913 126 69 n/a 2 38 44 159 15 453 n/a n/a 285 4 142 25 456 12 † 225 10 n/a – 248 270 41 224 n/a 264 1298 35 300 22 10 2464 258 20 n/a 7 65 22 n/a 51 73 n/a n/a 9 n/a 506 84 14 n/a 148 45 29 147 8 51 526 7565 3451 4114 2724 4841 163 608 382 2074 3064 123 70 n/a 2 42 47 147 19 451 n/a n/a 261 4 125 23 413 13 † 228 10 n/a – 252 352 45 257 n/a 323 1442 35 334 23 10 2821 228 19 n/a 7 61 20 n/a 50 78 n/a n/a 4 n/a 468 77 13 n/a 140 58 79 152 8 48 574 8043 3557 4486 2982 5061 144 615 388 2216 3219 114 68 n/a 1 42 44 132 19 419 n/a n/a 275 5 86 20 385 13 † 247 10 n/a – 271 404 45 273 n/a 426 1513 34 447 23 11 3175 225 14 n/a 9 65 21 n/a 8 88 n/a n/a 7 n/a 437 71 13 n/a 144 50 76 205 8 46 613 8519 3677 4842 3180 5339 104 610 363 2408 3381 107 70 n/a 1 45 35 124 16 399 n/a n/a 300 4 62 19 384 10 2 260 14 n/a – 286 412 42 283 n/a 437 1635 25 479 24 10 3346 216 20 n/a 12 66 20 n/a 40 82 n/a n/a 13 n/a 468 73 13 n/a 140 58 65 232 8 45 634 8899 3841 5058 3365 5534 78 642 353 2606 3600 104 72 n/a 1 54 34 116 17 398 n/a n/a 300 3 55 17 374 11 17 278 17 n/a – 323 418 45 287 n/a 471 1518 14 482 24 10 3269 210 22 n/a 9 67 21 n/a 22 86 n/a n/a 12 n/a 449 72 13 n/a 136 58 39 225 10 38 591 9005 4050 4955 3237 5768 69 661 355 3015 4031 105 87 n/a – 54 33 114 14 407 n/a n/a 318 3 62 15 399 12 9 265 17 n/a – 303 441 40 276 n/a 466 1577 10 539 25 10 3386 260 30 n/a 8 47 19 n/a 8 88 n/a n/a 12 n/a 471 83 12 n/a 128 58 39 231 10 36 595 9592 4514 5077 3401 6191 75 709 320 3342 4371 114 88 n/a – 49 30 117 13 411 n/a n/a 332 3 60 14 410 11 23 249 17 n/a – 299 461 41 288 n/a 470 1578 8 614 26 10 3494 268 16 n/a 7 64 17 n/a 15 82 n/a n/a 10 n/a 480 62 11 n/a 122 52 35 233 9 33 557 10022 4844 5178 3503 6519 73 787 302 3509 4599 99 81 n/a – 50 25 105 12 373 n/a n/a 343 4 82 16 445 11 18 266 20 n/a – 315 488 48 290 n/a 473 1718 8 654 26 10 3715 261 23 n/a 7 60 19 n/a 15 78 n/a n/a 9 n/a 473 69 12 n/a 130 45 59 231 10 31 586 10505 5109 5396 3706 6799 95 821 276 3783 4880 110 99 n/a – 49 27 104 15 404 n/a n/a 345 3 92 19 459 11 25 238 23 n/a – 297 537 64 305 n/a 450 1717 8 631 27 10 3749 254 39 n/a 7 57 21 n/a 20 80 n/a n/a 5 n/a 483 64 13 n/a 141 37 58 247 9 32 600 10872 5400 5471 3779 7093 106 904 235 4369 5509 102 92 n/a – 56 24 88 14 376 n/a n/a 329 3 90 19 441 12 27 237 25 n/a – 302 541 64 313 n/a 473 1728 8 604 28 11 3770 252 40 n/a 7 55 21 n/a 21 85 n/a n/a 8 1 490 61 12 n/a 150 36 54 249 13 25 602 11490 6006 5484 3765 7725 102 963 217 4813 5993 112 89 n/a – 47 23 80 13 363 n/a n/a 293 4 99 17 413 17 28 248 36 n/a – 330 555 68 318 n/a 478 1687 8 638 28 19 3797 247 40 n/a 7 53 21 n/a 27 88 n/a n/a 8 1 493 90 12 n/a 150 36 46 249 12 26 621 12010 6490 5520 3776 8235 110 *Includes ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas. Excludes condensates. †Less than 0.05. 2019 2008-18 Share 2019 6.5% 3.7% 8.0% -7.5% -4.5% 1.8% 10.2% 9.4% 40.1% 8.8% 7.1% 49.9% 9.8% -1.9% 0.9% -3.8% 2.2% 0.7% n/a n/a n/a n/a -100.0% – -15.1% 8.5% 0.4% -1.9% -3.7% 0.2% -10.0% -6.0% 0.7% -8.7% -0.3% 0.1% -3.3% -1.5% 3.0% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a -10.9% 1.5% 2.4% ◆ 39.6% -6.4% 10.3% -5.9% 0.8% -11.7% -3.6% 0.1% -6.3% -0.8% 3.4% 37.8% -5.3% 0.1% 4.5% 31.4% 0.2% 4.4% 2.8% 2.1% 44.8% 9.3% 0.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a – 9.1% 3.5% 2.7% 2.6% 8.4% 4.6% 5.3% 6.6% 0.6% 1.5% 3.7% 2.6% n/a n/a n/a 1.1% 7.9% 4.0% -2.4% 3.6% 14.0% -0.1% -13.7% 0.1% 5.6% 7.5% 5.3% – 2.7% 0.2% 69.0% 1.2% 0.2% 0.7% 5.1% 31.6% -1.7% -2.0% 2.1% – 6.4% 0.3% n/a n/a n/a – 13.3% 0.1% -3.9% -1.6% 0.4% ◆ 0.3% 0.2% n/a n/a n/a 27.7% -10.9% 0.2% 4.0% 1.7% 0.7% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a ◆ 0.1% – ◆ 54.0% n/a 0.6% -1.4% 4.1% 47.7% -2.9% 0.8% -2.2% -1.7% 0.1% n/a n/a n/a -0.3% 2.8% 1.2% -0.3% 2.3% 0.3% -15.3% 3.3% 0.4% -0.2% 5.8% 2.1% -11.6% 5.0% 0.1% 1.4% -6.8% 0.2% 3.0% 2.3% 5.2% 4.5% 4.7% 100.0% 8.1% 6.0% 54.0% 0.7% 3.5% 46.0% 0.3% 3.6% 31.4% 6.6% 5.3% 68.6% 8.0% -6.0% 0.9% Source: includes data from FGE, ICIS. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 19 Oil: Total liquids consumption in thousands of barrels per day* Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2209 2024 18771 23005 532 2498 383 230 191 182 44 726 1168 5954 262 671 204 213 1819 2405 419 153 1561 945 222 566 274 195 1457 327 260 709 282 1650 1231 15826 73 182 200 2775 106 89 64 3488 1920 536 233 455 119 173 2914 606 776 7731 327 725 234 507 1529 3322 950 72 8285 332 3299 1321 4390 678 150 415 300 1049 2345 87 1022 1075 305 265 26340 85665 46227 39438 14041 2359 2043 19180 23582 594 2714 343 256 220 191 45 725 1174 6262 274 700 194 223 1760 2441 382 146 1531 964 233 593 272 184 1447 329 242 694 267 1633 1216 15725 72 150 211 2878 118 76 63 3567 1788 570 241 478 135 191 3206 654 724 7987 327 766 258 538 1599 3489 959 81 9435 359 3378 1415 4442 688 150 411 313 1157 2378 87 1043 1121 332 308 28057 88669 46812 41857 13981 2437 2068 18882 23387 609 2832 371 275 226 220 42 737 1186 6498 257 657 201 214 1722 2365 362 155 1474 971 227 591 256 191 1383 311 234 673 278 1600 1189 15310 89 172 243 3074 125 71 65 3838 1823 629 255 453 146 246 3295 735 712 8293 349 720 275 542 1520 3405 1014 104 9791 361 3544 1595 4442 724 154 414 298 1208 2401 92 950 1184 361 320 28958 89690 46316 43374 13589 2376 2086 18490 22953 636 2884 376 295 233 215 40 792 1182 6653 257 639 198 205 1670 2352 321 143 1384 925 225 570 231 191 1300 310 238 704 267 1546 1140 14816 92 211 245 3119 129 63 75 3935 1859 666 295 499 157 257 3460 773 676 8642 370 747 277 552 1630 3575 1040 110 10230 344 3742 1651 4702 759 152 402 309 1202 2466 95 950 1248 371 333 30106 90680 45818 44862 13092 2398 2038 18961 23397 683 3100 362 297 247 228 45 782 1166 6911 264 659 190 220 1658 2404 303 142 1274 898 229 537 241 174 1203 308 249 756 257 1532 1124 14624 101 144 260 3134 137 60 78 3914 2020 716 223 517 178 287 3451 852 624 8868 387 756 282 561 1726 3712 1058 108 10736 352 3783 1680 4516 806 153 442 326 1217 2464 82 981 1299 398 357 30757 92183 45858 46325 12841 2443 1965 19106 23513 673 3210 353 316 260 225 41 720 1165 6964 256 658 202 214 1609 2344 302 159 1204 866 217 538 241 187 1199 306 224 774 221 1536 1122 14379 99 163 262 3298 143 57 76 4098 1901 681 214 455 185 294 3764 880 619 8993 401 806 272 555 1739 3773 1065 120 11221 336 3908 1712 4303 809 156 458 347 1259 2463 71 1013 1309 409 388 31346 93067 45525 47542 12654 2402 1945 19531 23878 696 3140 355 332 254 247 45 637 1232 6938 257 675 196 212 1611 2336 313 168 1257 834 223 558 246 191 1243 304 227 917 194 1578 1168 14709 100 139 295 3143 145 53 78 3952 1713 683 227 471 184 332 3883 957 537 8988 425 834 268 579 1754 3860 1025 127 11969 368 4234 1574 4151 759 163 505 397 1328 2587 90 1021 1373 452 425 32547 94872 46169 48702 12847 2449 1956 19687 24092 686 2960 377 344 240 259 47 537 1272 6723 263 684 182 221 1596 2374 314 166 1266 851 217 605 240 202 1288 321 216 976 205 1622 1211 15020 98 136 305 3219 143 49 86 4036 1764 760 231 482 187 347 3875 1028 516 9191 412 857 275 547 1804 3895 1026 138 12317 380 4637 1624 4020 847 166 566 427 1372 2781 105 1046 1409 470 437 33769 96726 46739 49987 13084 2450 1890 19958 24297 678 3030 364 339 237 258 44 463 1283 6696 265 696 217 215 1607 2443 324 177 1279 829 223 662 249 213 1300 323 222 1025 210 1635 1260 15372 99 137 317 3195 144 47 82 4021 1808 724 255 440 243 312 3838 1012 524 9157 407 804 290 547 1891 3939 1073 156 12915 428 4864 1704 3986 811 174 589 459 1405 2811 114 1038 1456 487 454 34925 98408 47317 51091 13357 2019 2019 2464 2503 1740 1828 20466 20492 24670 24823 639 651 3098 3010 381 374 348 342 249 255 272 267 39 42 356 402 1312 1305 6694 6648 275 269 695 714 222 219 201 215 1602 1605 2352 2331 332 319 190 189 1235 1307 843 859 215 231 694 685 256 239 233 219 1329 1336 317 308 220 215 1009 991 223 208 1585 1617 1285 1274 15311 15350 108 104 152 148 353 340 3317 3282 162 149 44 45 93 91 4228 4158 2018 1835 716 705 254 250 427 434 295 284 346 325 3788 3769 1042 1057 529 515 9416 9174 454 417 743 757 294 286 571 558 2036 1969 4098 3988 1088 1098 171 178 14127 13453 409 435 5274 5115 1863 1789 3827 3870 838 821 176 175 446 498 474 464 1404 1431 2775 2796 123 114 998 1050 1515 1486 528 506 506 474 36541 35753 99894 100959 47428 47720 53531 52174 13309 13372 -1.6% -4.8% -0.1% -0.6% -1.7% 2.9% 1.9% 1.7% -2.3% 2.0% -6.9% -11.6% 0.5% 0.7% 2.0% -2.7% 1.2% -6.5% -0.2% 0.9% 3.9% 0.4% -5.5% -1.8% -7.0% 1.4% 6.9% 6.2% -0.5% 2.7% 2.3% 1.8% 7.2% -1.9% 0.8% -0.3% 4.1% 2.7% 3.8% 1.1% 8.7% -3.3% 2.0% 1.7% 10.0% 1.7% 1.7% -1.7% 4.0% 6.6% 0.5% -1.4% 2.6% 2.6% 8.8% -1.8% 2.8% 2.3% 3.4% 2.8% -0.8% -4.0% 5.0% -6.0% 3.1% 4.1% -1.1% 2.0% 0.5% -10.5% 2.0% -1.8% -0.8% 7.5% -4.9% 2.0% 4.4% 6.7% 2.2% 1.1% -0.6% 2.6% -0.5% 2018 2008-18 Share 2019 0.8% 2.4% -1.3% 1.7% 0.5% 20.3% 0.4% 24.4% 1.9% 0.6% 2.0% 3.1% -0.4% 0.4% 3.2% 0.3% 3.1% 0.2% 4.3% 0.3% ◆ -0.8% -5.6% 0.4% 0.8% 1.3% 1.1% 6.6% -0.1% 0.3% -0.2% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2% -0.4% 0.2% -1.6% 1.6% -0.7% 2.3% -3.2% 0.3% 1.5% 0.2% -2.4% 1.2% -1.3% 0.8% 0.6% 0.2% 1.9% 0.7% -2.0% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% -1.5% 1.3% -1.0% 0.3% -1.7% 0.2% 3.8% 1.0% -3.6% 0.2% -0.6% 1.6% -0.3% 1.3% -0.7% 15.2% 3.4% 0.1% -0.8% 0.2% 3.6% 0.3% 1.4% 3.3% 2.7% 0.2% ◆ -6.9% 4.1% 0.1% 1.5% 4.2% -0.5% 2.0% 3.9% 0.7% -0.2% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 8.8% 0.3% 6.2% 0.3% 3.7% 3.8% 5.8% 1.0% -4.3% 0.5% 2.2% 9.3% 3.1% 0.4% 1.0% 0.7% 2.2% 0.3% 0.9% 0.6% 3.0% 2.0% 2.2% 4.1% 1.5% 1.1% 8.7% 0.2% 5.4% 14.0% 4.1% 0.4% 5.0% 5.2% 3.3% 1.8% -2.2% 3.8% 2.0% 0.8% 1.2% 0.2% 2.5% 0.4% 5.1% 0.5% 3.9% 1.4% 1.9% 2.7% 3.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.0% 3.9% 1.5% 5.4% 0.5% 6.8% 0.5% 3.3% 36.2% 1.4% 100.0% -0.1% 47.0% 3.1% 53.0% -1.0% 13.2% *Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are also included. than 0.05%. Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. ◆Less 20 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Oil: Consumption in thousands of barrels per day* Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2183 2021 18030 22235 532 2078 383 230 191 178 44 726 1158 5519 250 668 199 209 1762 2339 417 149 1536 935 220 550 269 192 1449 317 260 709 282 1627 1223 15561 73 181 200 2775 106 89 64 3487 1920 536 232 455 119 173 2914 606 776 7730 327 725 234 507 1529 3322 916 72 8240 332 3298 1317 4389 678 150 415 294 1049 2339 87 1022 1058 305 265 26228 84083 45155 38927 13779 2333 2040 18324 22697 582 2271 343 256 220 186 45 725 1162 5791 262 691 189 219 1703 2373 380 141 1500 957 231 577 265 181 1413 315 242 694 267 1604 1205 15409 72 149 211 2878 118 76 63 3566 1788 570 241 478 135 191 3206 654 724 7987 327 766 258 538 1599 3489 907 81 9390 359 3378 1411 4434 688 150 411 307 1157 2370 87 1043 1104 332 308 27917 86856 45547 41308 13669 2397 2065 17983 22445 591 2432 371 274 226 215 42 737 1173 6061 245 649 194 209 1666 2294 359 151 1443 962 224 574 249 186 1343 295 234 672 278 1573 1175 14976 89 172 243 3074 125 71 65 3838 1823 629 254 453 146 246 3295 735 712 8293 349 720 275 542 1519 3405 959 104 9739 360 3542 1589 4435 724 154 414 292 1208 2394 92 950 1166 361 320 28802 87820 44976 42844 13258 2330 2083 17594 22006 614 2509 376 294 233 207 40 792 1169 6234 245 631 191 200 1610 2276 318 139 1350 916 221 552 225 186 1251 292 238 702 267 1522 1124 14458 92 210 245 3119 129 63 75 3934 1859 666 295 499 157 257 3460 773 676 8642 370 747 277 552 1630 3575 991 110 10170 344 3740 1639 4694 757 151 402 301 1202 2458 95 950 1225 371 333 29935 88784 44457 44327 12740 2345 2034 18006 22385 658 2655 362 297 247 219 45 782 1151 6418 253 651 183 215 1597 2336 300 139 1246 889 226 520 235 170 1181 292 249 748 256 1505 1106 14296 101 143 260 3134 137 60 78 3914 2020 716 223 517 178 287 3451 852 624 8868 387 756 282 561 1726 3712 1012 108 10668 352 3781 1662 4508 802 153 442 316 1217 2455 82 981 1267 398 357 30560 90152 44465 45687 12526 2387 1960 18136 22483 643 2721 353 315 260 216 41 720 1150 6420 243 649 194 204 1543 2273 298 154 1180 856 214 521 235 184 1176 286 224 771 219 1506 1103 14032 99 163 262 3298 143 57 76 4097 1901 681 214 455 185 294 3764 880 619 8993 401 806 272 555 1739 3773 1021 120 11134 336 3906 1680 4292 802 156 458 336 1259 2454 71 1013 1270 409 388 31105 90903 44092 46811 12315 2347 1939 18524 22810 662 2559 355 331 254 237 45 637 1217 6298 242 669 189 202 1545 2269 309 164 1227 826 219 542 238 186 1219 280 226 915 193 1552 1148 14360 100 139 295 3143 145 53 78 3952 1713 683 226 471 184 332 3883 957 537 8987 425 834 268 578 1754 3859 985 127 11911 367 4230 1558 4138 751 163 505 384 1328 2577 90 1021 1330 452 425 32344 92610 44700 47910 12507 2393 1950 18618 22961 651 2436 377 343 239 250 47 537 1255 6136 250 674 175 217 1529 2307 311 161 1236 843 210 594 234 195 1262 291 214 973 204 1597 1191 14669 98 136 305 3219 143 49 86 4036 1764 760 230 482 187 347 3875 1028 516 9191 412 857 275 546 1804 3894 992 138 12248 380 4632 1572 4006 839 166 566 413 1372 2771 105 1046 1364 470 437 33519 94404 45210 49194 12746 2393 1883 18883 23160 637 2481 364 338 237 248 44 463 1267 6078 254 685 209 207 1539 2374 320 173 1249 818 211 646 243 206 1270 289 219 1022 208 1610 1238 14991 99 136 317 3195 144 47 82 4021 1808 724 255 440 243 312 3838 1012 524 9156 407 804 290 546 1890 3938 1034 156 12842 428 4860 1660 3971 803 174 589 445 1405 2801 114 1038 1407 487 454 34669 96013 45747 50266 12996 2443 1821 19428 23692 611 2377 374 341 255 257 42 402 1288 5946 258 702 212 207 1538 2260 316 184 1277 844 222 663 233 212 1297 276 212 987 207 1584 1248 14936 104 147 340 3282 149 45 91 4157 1835 705 250 434 284 325 3769 1057 515 9174 417 757 286 557 1969 3986 1054 178 13375 435 5112 1724 3855 813 175 498 450 1431 2781 114 1050 1432 506 474 35457 97348 46115 51233 12976 2403 1733 19400 23536 599 2398 381 347 249 262 39 356 1294 5923 263 683 213 193 1530 2281 328 186 1218 825 207 670 250 224 1298 283 216 1005 222 1545 1257 14896 108 151 353 3317 162 44 93 4227 2018 716 254 427 295 346 3788 1042 529 9416 454 743 294 569 2036 4096 1046 171 14056 408 5271 1732 3812 829 176 446 458 1404 2760 123 998 1453 528 506 36178 98272 45822 52450 12913 -1.7% -4.8% -0.1% -0.7% -2.0% 0.9% 1.9% 1.7% -2.4% 1.9% -6.9% -11.6% 0.5% -0.4% 2.0% -2.7% 0.8% -6.8% -0.5% 0.9% 3.9% 0.7% -4.6% -2.2% -7.1% 1.2% 7.1% 5.6% 0.1% 2.7% 2.2% 1.8% 7.3% -2.5% 0.7% -0.3% 4.1% 2.7% 3.8% 1.1% 8.7% -3.3% 2.0% 1.7% 10.0% 1.7% 1.7% -1.7% 4.0% 6.6% 0.5% -1.4% 2.6% 2.6% 8.8% -1.8% 2.8% 2.3% 3.4% 2.8% -0.8% -4.0% 5.1% -6.0% 3.1% 0.5% -1.1% 2.1% 0.5% -10.5% 1.9% -1.8% -0.8% 7.5% -4.9% 1.5% 4.4% 6.7% 2.0% 0.9% -0.6% 2.4% -0.5% 2008-18 Share 2019 0.6% 2.4% -1.3% 1.8% 0.3% 19.7% 0.2% 23.9% 1.2% 0.6% 1.3% 2.4% -0.4% 0.4% 3.2% 0.4% 3.1% 0.3% 4.0% 0.3% ◆ -0.8% -5.6% 0.4% 0.8% 1.3% 0.6% 6.0% -0.2% 0.3% -0.3% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% -0.7% 0.2% -1.7% 1.6% -0.7% 2.3% -3.2% 0.3% 1.5% 0.2% -2.5% 1.2% -1.4% 0.8% 0.3% 0.2% 1.8% 0.7% -2.1% 0.3% -0.1% 0.2% -1.7% 1.3% -1.8% 0.3% -1.9% 0.2% 3.7% 1.0% -3.6% 0.2% -0.7% 1.6% -0.4% 1.3% -0.9% 15.2% 3.4% 0.1% -0.8% 0.2% 3.6% 0.4% 1.4% 3.4% 2.7% 0.2% ◆ -6.9% 4.1% 0.1% 1.5% 4.3% -0.5% 2.1% 3.9% 0.7% -0.2% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 8.8% 0.3% 6.2% 0.4% 3.7% 3.9% 5.8% 1.1% -4.3% 0.5% 2.2% 9.6% 3.1% 0.5% 1.0% 0.8% 2.2% 0.3% 0.9% 0.6% 3.0% 2.1% 2.2% 4.2% 1.4% 1.1% 8.7% 0.2% 5.4% 14.3% 4.1% 0.4% 5.0% 5.4% 3.0% 1.8% -2.3% 3.9% 1.9% 0.8% 1.2% 0.2% 2.5% 0.5% 4.8% 0.5% 3.9% 1.4% 1.9% 2.8% 3.3% 0.1% 0.4% 1.0% 3.6% 1.5% 5.4% 0.5% 6.8% 0.5% 3.2% 36.8% 1.3% 100.0% -0.3% 46.6% 3.1% 53.4% -1.1% 13.1% *Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are excluded. Derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. than 0.05%. Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. ◆Less bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 21 Oil: Consumption in exajoules* Growth rate per annum Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 4.13 3.89 35.05 43.07 1.05 4.16 0.78 0.46 0.39 0.36 0.09 1.48 2.44 11.21 0.53 1.38 0.41 0.43 3.66 4.82 0.88 0.30 3.18 1.91 0.43 1.10 0.55 0.39 3.06 0.66 0.53 1.41 0.59 3.26 2.57 32.02 0.14 0.39 0.41 5.55 0.22 0.18 0.13 7.02 3.93 1.09 0.47 0.87 0.24 0.27 5.45 1.26 1.60 15.20 0.65 1.48 0.46 1.05 3.14 6.79 1.83 0.15 16.69 0.71 6.57 2.65 8.72 1.29 0.31 0.89 0.60 2.34 4.55 0.18 2.01 2.01 0.62 0.55 52.66 167.95 89.55 78.40 28.40 4.43 3.91 35.61 43.95 1.17 4.54 0.69 0.51 0.45 0.37 0.10 1.48 2.45 11.76 0.55 1.43 0.38 0.45 3.53 4.89 0.79 0.28 3.08 1.94 0.45 1.16 0.54 0.37 2.98 0.66 0.50 1.37 0.55 3.22 2.53 31.65 0.14 0.31 0.43 5.77 0.24 0.16 0.13 7.18 3.59 1.16 0.48 0.91 0.28 0.30 5.92 1.35 1.49 15.46 0.65 1.57 0.52 1.11 3.29 7.13 1.82 0.17 18.99 0.77 6.72 2.82 8.80 1.29 0.31 0.88 0.62 2.57 4.61 0.18 2.05 2.07 0.67 0.64 55.97 173.11 90.22 82.89 28.14 4.54 3.97 34.89 43.41 1.18 4.83 0.76 0.55 0.46 0.43 0.09 1.50 2.47 12.26 0.51 1.33 0.39 0.43 3.46 4.73 0.75 0.30 2.97 1.97 0.43 1.16 0.51 0.38 2.84 0.61 0.48 1.34 0.57 3.17 2.47 30.79 0.17 0.36 0.50 6.16 0.25 0.15 0.13 7.72 3.66 1.28 0.51 0.84 0.29 0.37 6.05 1.46 1.47 15.92 0.69 1.46 0.55 1.12 3.12 6.93 1.94 0.22 19.68 0.77 7.03 3.18 8.82 1.38 0.31 0.88 0.59 2.68 4.65 0.19 1.87 2.16 0.73 0.66 57.75 174.78 89.07 85.70 27.31 4.41 4.04 34.12 42.57 1.22 4.98 0.76 0.60 0.47 0.41 0.09 1.61 2.47 12.61 0.51 1.29 0.39 0.41 3.34 4.70 0.66 0.28 2.78 1.87 0.43 1.11 0.46 0.38 2.66 0.60 0.49 1.41 0.55 3.08 2.37 29.76 0.18 0.44 0.50 6.26 0.26 0.13 0.15 7.92 3.74 1.36 0.60 0.94 0.32 0.38 6.36 1.53 1.39 16.61 0.74 1.53 0.56 1.15 3.35 7.31 2.01 0.23 20.63 0.74 7.45 3.27 9.40 1.45 0.31 0.86 0.61 2.67 4.79 0.20 1.86 2.27 0.74 0.68 60.18 176.96 88.16 88.80 26.27 4.41 3.93 34.69 43.03 1.31 5.26 0.73 0.60 0.50 0.43 0.10 1.59 2.42 12.95 0.53 1.32 0.37 0.43 3.30 4.80 0.62 0.27 2.54 1.77 0.44 1.04 0.48 0.35 2.49 0.59 0.51 1.51 0.52 3.03 2.32 29.23 0.20 0.30 0.53 6.26 0.27 0.12 0.15 7.83 4.08 1.46 0.44 0.98 0.36 0.43 6.37 1.69 1.28 17.09 0.77 1.54 0.56 1.16 3.54 7.57 2.05 0.23 21.54 0.75 7.50 3.30 8.97 1.54 0.31 0.94 0.64 2.69 4.77 0.17 1.91 2.35 0.79 0.73 61.17 178.88 87.61 91.27 25.64 4.48 3.75 34.94 43.17 1.29 5.43 0.71 0.64 0.53 0.42 0.09 1.46 2.41 12.97 0.51 1.30 0.39 0.40 3.19 4.67 0.62 0.30 2.40 1.69 0.41 1.04 0.47 0.38 2.48 0.58 0.46 1.55 0.44 3.03 2.31 28.64 0.20 0.34 0.53 6.59 0.28 0.12 0.15 8.20 3.80 1.39 0.42 0.84 0.37 0.45 6.99 1.71 1.27 17.24 0.80 1.65 0.53 1.15 3.56 7.70 2.07 0.26 22.42 0.72 7.72 3.32 8.52 1.54 0.32 0.97 0.68 2.75 4.76 0.15 1.97 2.35 0.82 0.79 62.13 180.05 86.72 93.33 25.17 4.37 3.70 35.66 43.74 1.32 5.09 0.72 0.67 0.51 0.47 0.09 1.29 2.55 12.71 0.50 1.35 0.38 0.40 3.19 4.67 0.64 0.32 2.50 1.65 0.42 1.09 0.48 0.38 2.56 0.57 0.47 1.85 0.39 3.11 2.40 29.33 0.20 0.29 0.59 6.25 0.28 0.11 0.15 7.88 3.37 1.39 0.45 0.88 0.38 0.52 7.26 1.83 1.10 17.18 0.85 1.72 0.52 1.20 3.58 7.87 2.00 0.27 23.90 0.78 8.34 3.07 8.20 1.43 0.33 1.06 0.77 2.91 5.01 0.18 1.99 2.48 0.90 0.87 64.50 183.21 87.87 95.34 25.57 4.44 3.73 35.92 44.09 1.29 4.83 0.76 0.70 0.48 0.49 0.10 1.08 2.63 12.37 0.52 1.37 0.36 0.43 3.17 4.76 0.64 0.32 2.52 1.71 0.40 1.20 0.48 0.40 2.65 0.59 0.44 1.98 0.41 3.20 2.50 30.04 0.20 0.29 0.61 6.42 0.28 0.10 0.17 8.06 3.46 1.55 0.46 0.91 0.39 0.55 7.18 1.96 1.05 17.51 0.83 1.76 0.54 1.13 3.69 7.95 2.01 0.30 24.51 0.81 9.15 3.09 7.97 1.60 0.34 1.18 0.83 3.02 5.40 0.21 2.04 2.57 0.95 0.89 66.88 186.91 89.07 97.84 26.13 4.45 3.59 36.29 44.32 1.26 4.90 0.73 0.68 0.47 0.48 0.09 0.93 2.64 12.18 0.53 1.39 0.42 0.41 3.18 4.87 0.66 0.34 2.54 1.64 0.40 1.30 0.50 0.42 2.66 0.58 0.45 2.07 0.42 3.22 2.59 30.60 0.20 0.29 0.63 6.33 0.28 0.10 0.16 7.98 3.49 1.48 0.50 0.81 0.50 0.48 7.07 1.93 1.07 17.34 0.81 1.64 0.57 1.13 3.85 7.99 2.10 0.33 25.57 0.92 9.49 3.25 7.85 1.51 0.35 1.22 0.89 3.10 5.42 0.23 2.03 2.64 0.98 0.92 68.82 189.24 89.81 99.44 26.55 4.59 3.48 37.11 45.18 1.20 4.69 0.75 0.69 0.51 0.50 0.09 0.80 2.68 11.92 0.54 1.42 0.43 0.41 3.17 4.63 0.65 0.37 2.60 1.68 0.41 1.33 0.48 0.43 2.72 0.56 0.43 2.00 0.41 3.17 2.61 30.46 0.21 0.31 0.67 6.50 0.29 0.09 0.18 8.24 3.54 1.46 0.49 0.80 0.58 0.50 6.86 2.01 1.06 17.31 0.83 1.53 0.55 1.16 4.01 8.07 2.16 0.38 26.58 0.93 9.95 3.38 7.63 1.54 0.36 1.02 0.89 3.13 5.37 0.23 2.04 2.68 1.02 0.97 70.27 191.45 90.32 101.13 26.49 4.50 3.29 36.99 44.78 1.19 4.73 0.76 0.70 0.49 0.51 0.08 0.71 2.69 11.86 0.55 1.38 0.43 0.39 3.15 4.68 0.68 0.37 2.49 1.65 0.39 1.34 0.51 0.45 2.72 0.57 0.44 2.03 0.44 3.11 2.63 30.40 0.21 0.32 0.69 6.57 0.31 0.09 0.18 8.37 3.92 1.49 0.50 0.78 0.61 0.54 6.92 1.95 1.08 17.80 0.88 1.50 0.57 1.18 4.14 8.28 2.14 0.37 27.91 0.87 10.24 3.38 7.53 1.57 0.36 0.90 0.91 3.06 5.30 0.25 1.93 2.72 1.07 1.03 71.54 193.03 89.63 103.40 26.39 -2.0% -5.5% -0.3% -0.9% -1.5% 0.8% 1.4% 1.6% -3.1% 1.7% -6.5% -11.9% 0.2% -0.5% 2.1% -2.9% 0.7% -4.8% -0.6% 0.9% 4.2% 0.9% -4.4% -1.7% -6.3% 1.0% 6.3% 5.5% 0.1% 2.7% 2.2% 1.8% 6.0% -2.1% 0.7% -0.2% 3.2% 2.7% 3.2% 1.1% 6.8% -3.2% 2.1% 1.5% 10.8% 1.7% 1.7% -2.5% 3.9% 8.4% 0.9% -2.8% 2.6% 2.8% 6.3% -1.7% 2.6% 2.5% 3.4% 2.5% -0.8% -4.2% 5.0% -6.5% 2.9% 0.2% -1.3% 2.0% 0.4% -11.4% 1.9% -2.5% -1.3% 7.9% -5.0% 1.4% 4.3% 6.5% 1.8% 0.8% -0.8% 2.2% -0.4% 0.5% -1.4% ◆ ◆ Share 2019 2.3% 1.7% 19.2% 23.2% 0.6% 2.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 1.2% 1.1% -0.7% 3.3% 3.0% 3.6% ◆ -0.9% -5.8% 0.4% 0.6% 1.4% 0.5% 6.1% -0.3% 0.3% -0.7% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% -1.1% 0.2% -1.8% 1.6% -0.8% 2.4% -3.5% 0.4% 1.4% 0.2% -2.7% 1.3% -1.7% 0.9% -0.3% 0.2% 1.8% 0.7% -2.2% 0.3% -0.2% 0.2% -1.8% 1.4% -2.0% 0.3% -1.9% 0.2% 3.7% 1.1% -3.9% 0.2% -0.8% 1.6% -0.5% 1.4% -1.0% 15.7% 3.0% 0.1% -0.8% 0.2% 3.1% 0.4% 1.2% 3.4% 2.5% 0.2% ◆ -7.1% 3.7% 0.1% 1.2% 4.3% -1.1% 2.0% 4.3% 0.8% -0.4% 0.3% -0.1% 0.4% 8.7% 0.3% 5.8% 0.3% 3.3% 3.6% 4.5% 1.0% -4.4% 0.6% 1.6% 9.2% 3.1% 0.5% 0.9% 0.8% 1.9% 0.3% 0.9% 0.6% 2.9% 2.1% 2.1% 4.3% 1.6% 1.1% 8.9% 0.2% 5.1% 14.5% 4.1% 0.5% 4.8% 5.3% 2.6% 1.8% -2.4% 3.9% 1.7% 0.8% 1.1% 0.2% 2.1% 0.5% 4.5% 0.5% 3.8% 1.6% 1.7% 2.7% 2.8% 0.1% 0.2% 1.0% 3.4% 1.4% 5.3% 0.6% 6.6% 0.5% 3.0% 37.1% 1.1% 100.0% -0.4% 46.4% 2.8% 53.6% -1.3% 13.7% *Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are excluded. Derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. than 0.05%. Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using exajoules figures. Oil consumption data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. ◆Less 22 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Oil: Production by region Oil: Consumption by region Million barrels daily Million barrels daily Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS 94 Europe S. & Cent. America North America 99 04 09 14 19 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 World oil production fell by 60,000 b/d in 2019 as strong growth in US output (1.7 million b/d) was more than offset by a decline in OPEC production (-2 million b/d), with sharp declines in Iran (-1.3 million b/d) Venezuela (-560,000 b/d) and Saudi Arabia (-430,000 b/d). Oil consumption grew by a below-average 0.9 million barrels per day (b/d), or 0.9%. Growth was led by China (680,000 b/d) and other emerging economies, while demand fell in the OECD (-290,000 b/d). Oil: Consumption per capita 2019 GJ per capita 0-20 20- 40 40-60 60-100 > 100 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 23 Oil: Regional consumption – by product group Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily North America Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total North America of which: US Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total US S. & Cent. America Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total S. & Cent. America of which: Brazil Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Brazil Europe Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Europe of which: European Union Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total European Union CIS Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total CIS Middle East Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Middle East Africa Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Africa 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2929 304 9789 1571 4689 801 2152 22235 3063 377 9710 1619 4929 810 2188 22697 3121 361 9460 1637 4994 745 2127 22445 3167 331 9362 1587 4758 662 2139 22006 3364 376 9493 1631 4788 576 2157 22385 3330 349 9566 1676 5017 447 2098 22483 3392 333 9799 1766 4945 418 2156 22810 3439 328 9975 1840 4776 474 2128 22961 3505 285 9951 1920 4869 519 2111 23160 3742 291 9967 1963 5129 478 2122 23692 3808 263 9876 2012 4969 409 2199 23536 1.8% -9.4% -0.9% 2.5% -3.1% -14.5% 3.6% -0.7% 2.8% 16.2% -1.4% 1.1% 0.1% 42.0% 1.2% 8.5% -0.1% 21.1% -6.5% 1.7% -0.9% 9.3% 0.2% 100.0% 2043 246 8291 1411 3809 508 1723 18030 2166 256 8168 1452 3995 532 1754 18324 2201 254 7926 1438 4022 459 1683 17983 2247 236 7858 1403 3816 367 1666 17594 2436 270 7993 1440 3838 317 1711 18006 2389 231 8056 1479 4060 256 1665 18136 2446 223 8280 1555 4005 258 1757 18524 2463 219 8394 1623 3845 325 1749 18618 2533 228 8393 1687 3925 341 1776 18883 2867 233 8400 1712 4121 317 1777 19428 2925 207 8338 1747 4073 272 1837 19400 2.0% -11.3% -0.7% 2.0% -1.2% -14.1% 3.4% -0.1% 3.9% -0.6% 645 182 1181 248 1853 740 670 5519 639 187 1265 272 2030 716 682 5791 675 184 1390 285 2123 686 719 6061 712 185 1458 299 2223 697 661 6234 712 161 1511 306 2335 679 714 6418 705 157 1534 321 2325 693 684 6420 697 173 1490 325 2293 690 629 6298 713 160 1523 330 2213 629 568 6136 723 177 1533 331 2205 567 542 6078 723 149 1446 344 2211 543 530 5946 728 151 1435 349 2230 520 512 5923 0.7% 1.4% -0.8% 1.3% 0.8% -4.3% -3.5% -0.4% 1.1% 12.3% -1.3% 2.5% 2.5% 24.2% 3.3% 5.9% 1.5% 37.6% -3.6% 8.8% -2.8% 8.6% 0.6% 100.0% 257 168 329 94 736 179 314 2078 267 173 393 108 849 152 329 2271 290 168 468 120 901 126 359 2432 300 169 514 126 961 126 315 2509 316 147 549 125 1009 139 371 2655 307 142 575 129 1034 161 373 2721 300 155 522 127 986 149 321 2559 303 145 541 116 933 112 286 2436 309 163 556 115 944 110 283 2481 308 135 483 124 959 90 278 2377 313 136 481 120 987 91 270 2398 1.4% 0.9% -0.5% -2.6% 3.0% 1.0% -3.1% 0.9% 1.4% 13.0% -1.5% 5.7% 4.0% 20.1% 3.1% 5.0% 2.5% 41.2% -6.9% 3.8% -1.4% 11.2% 1.3% 100.0% 1021 1053 2451 1254 6284 1481 2018 15561 1017 1123 2313 1249 6381 1338 1990 15409 1007 1009 2212 1255 6256 1291 1945 14976 997 974 2098 1227 6138 1166 1860 14458 1125 959 2029 1247 6201 1041 1692 14296 1139 920 1995 1278 6102 969 1629 14032 1157 894 1945 1347 6386 923 1708 14360 1191 901 1949 1387 6493 965 1782 14669 1223 932 1952 1474 6646 975 1789 14991 1239 926 1943 1537 6602 964 1725 14936 1212 877 1958 1570 6650 931 1697 14896 -2.2% -5.3% 0.8% 2.1% 0.7% -3.4% -1.6% -0.3% 1.8% 8.1% -1.3% 5.9% -2.6% 13.1% 1.4% 10.5% 0.1% 44.6% -5.1% 6.3% -2.3% 11.4% -0.9% 100.0% 821 999 2140 1150 5553 1303 1813 13779 810 1069 2019 1152 5634 1210 1776 13669 798 965 1933 1157 5491 1165 1750 13258 793 929 1832 1130 5349 1050 1656 12740 910 910 1773 1135 5383 927 1488 12526 926 877 1763 1135 5304 858 1451 12315 929 840 1732 1171 5538 815 1482 12507 957 843 1736 1213 5618 854 1525 12746 982 868 1747 1295 5725 854 1525 12996 989 871 1745 1348 5683 862 1478 12976 959 816 1758 1372 5713 833 1461 12913 -3.0% -6.3% 0.7% 1.8% 0.5% -3.3% -1.2% -0.5% 1.6% 7.4% -1.6% 6.3% -2.3% 13.6% 1.0% 10.6% -0.2% 44.2% -5.1% 6.5% -2.9% 11.3% -1.1% 100.0% 389 178 925 261 791 343 600 3487 379 191 968 275 873 336 544 3566 435 189 981 308 942 358 625 3838 460 173 1030 314 942 354 662 3934 517 194 1050 298 945 363 546 3914 561 180 1073 314 906 432 632 4097 579 191 1053 283 889 366 591 3952 621 201 1044 279 915 373 602 4036 641 226 1037 307 942 341 528 4021 681 246 1050 326 1013 346 497 4157 732 238 1043 335 1060 351 469 4227 7.5% -3.2% -0.6% 2.7% 4.6% 1.4% -5.5% 1.7% 5.9% 17.3% 2.4% 5.6% 1.3% 24.7% 1.4% 7.9% 1.6% 25.1% -0.8% 8.3% -1.5% 11.1% 1.5% 100.0% 1309 288 1340 447 1856 1902 589 7730 1569 296 1369 437 1846 1938 532 7987 1743 336 1423 434 1973 1953 430 8293 1840 344 1501 436 2075 1993 453 8642 1800 324 1585 488 2150 2066 457 8868 1903 369 1611 467 2069 2099 475 8993 1918 382 1642 538 1904 2127 476 8987 2054 389 1688 565 1805 2118 572 9191 2100 431 1802 542 1701 2059 522 9156 2182 482 1818 540 1661 2007 484 9174 2194 503 1867 564 1773 2022 493 9416 0.5% 4.5% 2.7% 4.4% 6.7% 0.7% 1.8% 2.6% 6.7% 23.3% 5.4% 5.3% 3.6% 19.8% 2.0% 6.0% -1.1% 18.8% 1.4% 21.5% -2.6% 5.2% 2.2% 100.0% 351 30 772 294 1219 445 211 3322 363 27 810 320 1304 461 203 3489 372 7 811 303 1315 395 203 3405 381 3 867 306 1375 443 201 3575 386 4 881 317 1476 442 206 3712 387 4 900 299 1535 440 207 3773 386 4 965 263 1601 429 212 3859 399 4 1037 254 1580 406 214 3894 411 4 1073 260 1614 376 199 3938 425 4 1099 260 1636 356 206 3986 463 4 1122 262 1678 355 211 4096 9.2% 0.4% 2.1% 0.9% 2.6% -0.1% 2.3% 2.8% 2.2% 11.3% -18.0% 0.1% 4.1% 27.4% -1.3% 6.4% 3.5% 41.0% -2.0% 8.7% 0.2% 5.2% 2.2% 100.0% ◆Less than 0.05%. Table continues on next page. 24 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 2008-18 Share 2019 2009 ◆ 1.0% -0.3% -6.3% -0.6% 0.3% 15.1% 1.1% 43.0% 9.0% 21.0% 1.4% 9.5% 100.0% Oil: Regional consumption – by product group (continued) Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Asia Pacific Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Asia Pacific of which: China Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total China of which: India Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total India of which: Japan Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Japan World Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total World OECD Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total OECD Non-OECD Ethane and LPG Naphtha Gasoline Jet/kerosene Diesel/gasoil Fuel oil Others Total Non-OECD 2008-18 Share 2019 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2636 3258 4353 2053 7320 3043 3565 26228 2771 3559 4650 2194 7725 3047 3971 27917 2880 3571 4829 2205 8122 3113 4082 28802 2969 3729 5103 2242 8518 3218 4157 29935 3061 3863 5481 2316 8647 2976 4215 30560 3233 4022 5601 2352 8705 2813 4380 31105 3374 4281 6132 2447 8859 2807 4443 32344 3723 4379 6383 2589 8901 2854 4689 33519 4009 4567 6612 2723 9135 2739 4884 34669 4172 4694 6770 2872 9346 2621 4982 35457 4402 4740 7023 2888 9595 2404 5125 36178 5.5% 1.0% 3.7% 0.6% 2.7% -8.3% 2.9% 2.0% 5.1% 12.2% 4.1% 13.1% 4.8% 19.4% 3.0% 8.0% 2.6% 26.5% -2.5% 6.6% 4.4% 14.2% 3.2% 100.0% 640 598 1412 363 2761 662 1804 8240 677 778 1591 437 3005 666 2235 9390 691 811 1738 459 3196 588 2257 9739 689 868 1863 495 3453 560 2243 10170 771 914 2143 546 3503 564 2227 10668 884 1032 2236 588 3506 592 2295 11134 1028 1115 2601 659 3538 591 2380 11911 1207 1188 2707 728 3418 556 2444 12248 1351 1277 2840 816 3440 528 2591 12842 1432 1384 2921 927 3492 566 2652 13375 1578 1391 3087 974 3690 604 2731 14056 10.2% 0.5% 5.7% 5.0% 5.7% 6.8% 3.0% 5.1% 8.6% 11.2% 9.9% 9.9% 7.6% 22.0% 11.4% 6.9% 2.4% 26.3% -2.4% 4.3% 5.6% 19.4% 5.4% 100.0% 470 283 285 299 1140 222 600 3298 506 255 317 301 1218 199 583 3378 544 270 331 300 1301 178 618 3542 557 289 349 279 1406 147 713 3740 565 279 380 274 1410 117 756 3781 625 267 415 276 1417 107 798 3906 684 315 471 280 1493 113 875 4230 765 328 520 274 1573 136 1035 4632 894 306 569 249 1629 122 1092 4860 955 345 620 254 1703 120 1115 5112 1023 325 674 235 1729 112 1172 5271 7.1% -5.9% 8.7% -7.3% 1.6% -6.5% 5.1% 3.1% 7.9% 19.4% 0.4% 6.2% 9.8% 12.8% -1.6% 4.5% 4.9% 32.8% -6.1% 2.1% 7.7% 22.2% 5.0% 100.0% 500 644 990 543 837 450 425 4389 492 690 999 550 841 442 422 4434 496 655 973 527 816 577 391 4435 536 633 974 539 821 824 367 4694 508 679 944 528 817 646 387 4508 492 651 914 516 803 532 384 4292 443 706 903 495 786 433 373 4138 419 663 894 504 786 371 370 4006 424 694 879 514 782 284 393 3971 399 655 865 499 781 269 388 3855 351 759 840 485 770 210 397 3812 -12.0% 15.9% -2.9% -2.7% -1.4% -21.7% 2.3% -1.1% -2.9% 9.2% 0.4% 19.9% -1.3% 22.0% -1.5% 12.7% -1.6% 20.2% -9.2% 5.5% -2.3% 10.4% -2.3% 100.0% 9281 5292 20811 6127 24012 8754 9805 84083 9802 5759 21084 6366 25087 8645 10112 86856 10234 5656 21107 6427 25725 8541 10130 87820 10525 5738 21420 6410 26028 8532 10132 88784 10965 5881 22030 6603 26542 8143 9988 90152 11259 6000 22279 6707 26660 7893 10105 90903 11503 6259 23024 6970 26879 7761 10214 92610 12140 6362 23600 7245 26682 7819 10556 94404 12612 6621 23960 7556 27112 7576 10576 96013 13163 6790 24094 7842 27599 7316 10546 97348 13540 6775 24324 7979 27955 6992 10706 98272 2.9% -0.2% 1.0% 1.8% 1.3% -4.4% 1.5% 0.9% 4.0% 13.8% 2.7% 6.9% 1.5% 24.8% 1.9% 8.1% 1.1% 28.4% -2.3% 7.1% 0.7% 10.9% 1.3% 100.0% 4828 2886 13650 3679 12388 2926 4798 45155 4946 3106 13450 3752 12736 2791 4765 45547 4972 3010 13075 3751 12701 2795 4672 44976 5047 3008 12885 3692 12408 2851 4565 44457 5321 3072 12944 3752 12515 2447 4414 44465 5273 3019 12970 3817 12644 2092 4277 44092 5283 3074 13179 3970 12895 1924 4374 44700 5399 3071 13365 4119 12847 1987 4423 45210 5487 3173 13334 4306 13115 1906 4425 45747 5717 3112 13328 4412 13332 1847 4367 46115 5736 3104 13236 4473 13212 1643 4418 45822 0.3% -0.3% -0.7% 1.4% -0.9% -11.0% 1.2% -0.6% 1.8% 12.5% 0.8% 6.8% -0.3% 28.9% 1.1% 9.8% 0.1% 28.8% -6.3% 3.6% -1.6% 9.6% -0.3% 100.0% 4453 2406 7161 2448 11625 5828 5008 38927 4857 2653 7634 2614 12351 5854 5346 41308 5262 2647 8031 2675 13024 5746 5458 42844 5478 2730 8534 2717 13620 5681 5566 44327 5644 2809 9086 2850 14028 5696 5573 45687 5985 2981 9310 2890 14016 5801 5828 46811 6219 3184 9845 3000 13985 5837 5840 47910 6741 3291 10235 3126 13835 5832 6133 49194 7125 3448 10626 3251 13997 5669 6151 50266 7445 3678 10765 3430 14266 5469 6179 51233 7804 3671 11088 3506 14743 5349 6287 52450 4.8% -0.2% 3.0% 2.2% 3.3% -2.2% 1.7% 2.4% 6.0% 14.9% 4.6% 7.0% 4.5% 21.1% 3.2% 6.7% 2.2% 28.1% -0.5% 10.2% 2.8% 12.0% 3.1% 100.0% ◆Less than 0.05%. Notes: Gasoline includes motor and aviation gasoline, gasolines and light distillate feedstock (LDF). Diesel/gasoil includes marine gasoil. ‘Fuel oil’ includes marine bunkers and crude oil used directly for fuel. ‘Others’ consists of refinery gas, solvents, petroleum coke, lubricants, bitumen, wax, other refined products and refinery fuel and loss. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 25 Spot crude prices US dollars per barrel 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Dubai $/bbl* Brent $/bbl† Nigerian Forcados $/bbl West Texas Intermediate $/bbl‡ 28.06 27.53 13.10 16.95 13.18 15.65 20.26 16.63 17.17 14.93 14.74 16.10 18.52 18.23 12.21 17.25 26.20 22.81 23.74 26.78 33.64 49.35 61.50 68.19 94.34 61.39 78.06 106.18 109.08 105.47 97.07 51.20 41.19 53.13 69.51 63.43 28.78 27.56 14.43 18.44 14.92 18.23 23.73 20.00 19.32 16.97 15.82 17.02 20.67 19.09 12.72 17.97 28.50 24.44 25.02 28.83 38.27 54.52 65.14 72.39 97.26 61.67 79.50 111.26 111.67 108.66 98.95 52.39 43.73 54.19 71.31 64.21 28.14 27.75 14.46 18.39 15.00 18.30 23.85 20.11 19.61 17.41 16.25 17.26 21.16 19.33 12.62 18.00 28.42 24.23 25.04 28.66 38.13 55.69 67.07 74.48 101.43 63.35 81.05 113.65 114.21 111.95 101.35 54.41 44.54 54.31 72.47 64.95 29.39 27.98 15.05 19.19 15.98 19.67 24.46 21.53 20.57 18.45 17.21 18.42 22.16 20.61 14.39 19.31 30.37 25.93 26.16 31.06 41.49 56.59 66.04 72.20 100.06 61.92 79.45 95.04 94.13 97.99 93.28 48.71 43.34 50.79 65.20 57.03 *1984-1985 Arabian Light, 1986-2019 Dubai dated. †1984-2019 Brent dated. ‡1984-2019 Spot WTI (Cushing) prices. Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2020, S&P Global Inc. Crude oil prices 1861-2019 US dollars per barrel World events Yom Kippur war Post-war reconstruction Fears of shortage in US Growth of Venezuelan production Pennsylvanian oil boom Russian oil exports began East Texas field discovered Sumatra Discovery of production Spindletop, began Texas Iranian revolution Loss of Iranian supplies Netback pricing Asian financial crisis introduced Suez crisis Iraq invaded Kuwait Invasion of Iraq ‘Arab Spring’ 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1861-69 1870-79 1880-89 1890-99 1900-09 1910-19 $ 2019 (deflated using the Consumer Price Index for the US) $ money of the day 26 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99 2000-09 2010-19 0 1861-1944 US average. 1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura. 1984-2019 Brent dated. Oil product prices (Rotterdam) Product differentials to crude (Rotterdam products minus Dated Brent) US dollars per barrel US dollars per barrel Gasoline Gas oil High sulphur fuel oil 160 Gasoline Gas oil High sulphur fuel oil 140 40 30 20 120 10 100 0 80 -10 60 -20 40 -30 20 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2020, S&P Global Inc. -40 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 -50 Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2020, S&P Global Inc. Regional refining margins US dollars per barrel 25 USGC Medium Sour Coking NWE Light Sweet Cracking Singapore Medium Sour Hydrocracking 20 15 10 5 0 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 -5 19 Note: The refining margins presented are benchmark margins for three major global refining centres. US Gulf Coast (USGC), North West Europe (NWE – Rotterdam) and Singapore. In each case they are based on a single crude oil appropriate for that region and have optimized product yields based on a generic refinery configuration (cracking, hydrocracking or coking), again appropriate for that region. The margins are on a semi-variable basis, i.e. the margin after all variable costs and fixed energy costs. Refinery utilization Percentage (based on average annual capacity) 100 90 80 70 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS 09 10 Middle East Africa Asia Pacific World 11 60 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 50 Global refinery throughput grew by only 30,000 b/d in 2019, held back by weak demand and robust growth in NGLs supplies. China’s crude runs rose by a record 950,000 b/d, but throughput declined in most other regions, particularly the US (-400,000 b/d) and South & Central America (-300,000 b/d). Refining capacity rose by 1.5 million b/d, the largest increase since 2009 aided by a record low level of refinery closures. As a result, global refinery utilization fell sharply by 1.2 percentage points to 82.5%, the largest annual decline since 2009. Utilization in S&C America fell to an all-time low of 58.7%. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 27 Oil: Refinery throughput Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily* Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Curacao Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco Nigeria South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1731 1184 14336 17251 532 1781 192 302 183 156 199 152 961 796 5253 169 629 125 148 157 220 1449 2026 346 127 1614 174 1104 278 408 209 247 114 1057 394 375 255 1440 199 13414 121 434 235 4765 152 88 3 5798 256 1826 417 221 869 203 158 1928 492 386 6755 475 598 93 49 398 696 2309 577 7452 3641 900 3627 554 95 209 147 844 2297 956 938 28 97 22380 73159 36847 36312 12307 1770 1184 14724 17678 531 1787 159 300 64 137 201 126 969 700 4974 158 668 110 159 146 211 1314 1915 393 128 1673 190 1156 259 458 227 217 110 1060 406 392 249 1395 184 13327 124 330 257 5018 170 73 3 5975 265 1830 520 217 892 167 294 1922 571 381 7059 548 580 110 96 400 701 2434 606 8408 3899 853 3619 470 99 190 181 979 2390 876 963 121 96 23775 75222 37335 37888 12237 1681 1166 14799 17646 516 1813 173 306 164 156 193 137 991 704 5153 168 598 102 143 137 225 1313 1876 331 132 1570 189 1115 289 482 206 194 120 1051 374 394 206 1433 158 12953 127 411 326 5185 164 69 3 6286 259 1874 543 218 852 201 278 1884 635 349 7092 520 523 103 108 393 512 2160 627 8686 4085 880 3410 516 108 193 190 1035 2533 809 934 137 100 24267 75557 37008 38550 11885 1753 1199 14997 17949 530 1889 164 305 165 152 190 107 936 326 4764 170 634 118 145 153 215 1138 1901 410 122 1475 181 1110 287 505 221 182 108 1186 417 398 108 1348 132 12793 124 434 331 5438 156 62 2 6548 263 1933 579 220 916 193 292 1953 638 268 7254 478 534 111 92 413 586 2214 600 9199 4302 820 3400 575 109 192 170 1020 2582 897 986 126 89 25090 76612 37277 39336 11861 1719 1223 15306 18248 527 2035 174 284 170 141 186 132 952 286 4887 174 555 113 134 144 227 1117 1857 399 120 1259 192 1065 292 488 239 189 116 1168 332 421 85 1197 136 12173 132 425 341 5636 146 61 2 6742 264 2000 598 221 873 187 270 1876 650 238 7177 492 514 111 97 422 594 2230 588 9599 4462 822 3453 557 105 223 158 936 2484 847 1056 148 98 25563 77021 36922 40099 11202 1615 1155 15844 18614 526 2085 174 247 189 125 188 105 920 277 4836 173 645 104 151 139 225 1096 1833 416 131 1198 160 1090 274 486 217 194 105 1185 380 406 69 1125 128 12082 135 448 361 5926 136 50 4 7060 257 1941 487 226 879 180 261 2201 643 230 7306 615 530 104 64 440 444 2197 538 10155 4475 848 3289 552 101 232 168 839 2516 850 1005 129 95 25816 77910 37046 40865 11154 1640 1064 16183 18887 536 1972 165 244 178 121 188 125 863 275 4667 179 644 121 145 147 197 1152 1875 436 130 1347 170 1157 293 532 278 208 119 1306 401 526 64 1118 141 12810 130 462 342 5773 127 57 7 6899 266 1868 409 232 905 190 253 2447 1098 181 7847 591 530 53 22 453 455 2103 427 10684 4561 836 3258 514 109 257 212 901 2784 838 1107 155 87 26756 79969 38139 41830 11788 1594 933 16185 18713 511 1812 163 339 156 150 194 148 654 231 4359 164 640 125 109 140 226 1122 1887 464 133 1293 187 1172 230 517 279 228 115 1302 395 531 64 1071 148 12666 120 372 339 5715 118 57 8 6730 258 1875 440 213 841 178 280 2753 1078 144 8059 584 509 – 62 474 459 2087 433 11084 4930 885 3280 574 108 242 216 929 2928 861 1056 155 103 27806 80419 37938 42481 11698 1757 767 16581 19105 500 1741 172 355 84 156 213 131 544 201 4097 162 685 136 158 151 226 1149 1870 483 131 1399 197 1180 281 508 284 225 112 1326 392 542 77 1073 165 13032 118 364 355 5703 125 58 9 6732 262 1959 527 223 686 232 379 2802 1119 161 8350 573 508 – 81 447 429 2038 419 11744 5010 885 3215 570 108 261 211 994 3061 848 1093 141 98 28685 82040 38732 43308 11980 1653 609 16962 19224 470 1733 172 383 29 159 209 99 306 249 3808 180 663 118 151 152 233 1085 1775 489 141 1346 195 1192 305 540 252 232 109 1363 406 472 59 1041 166 12787 122 366 374 5864 117 70 11 6923 260 2022 596 238 679 304 397 2770 1096 153 8514 601 519 – 44 455 446 2065 477 12483 5154 916 3059 566 104 275 237 974 3031 889 1131 221 98 29640 82961 38516 44445 11796 1822 592 16562 18976 476 1751 186 384 4 142 192 – 135 241 3512 184 693 137 158 153 240 978 1761 462 137 1343 191 1217 281 546 226 244 103 1318 337 675 64 1066 121 12740 124 336 392 5829 122 60 7 6871 263 2208 611 242 663 290 396 2601 1099 165 8537 569 562 – 7 453 459 2051 468 13432 5119 918 3047 586 110 243 180 930 2922 890 1025 276 130 30301 82989 38124 44866 11596 *Atmospheric distillation capacity on a calendar-day basis. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. 28 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 2019 2008-18 Share 2019 10.2% -0.7% 2.2% -2.8% -7.3% 0.7% -2.4% 1.5% 20.0% -1.3% 0.8% 22.9% 1.2% -2.0% 0.6% 1.0% -0.2% 2.1% 8.2% -1.7% 0.2% 0.2% 2.0% 0.5% ◆ -85.1% n/a -10.7% 0.2% 0.2% -7.9% 1.8% 0.2% -100.0% -4.1% – -55.8% -11.2% 0.2% -3.1% -12.6% 0.3% -7.8% -3.6% 4.2% 2.1% 0.2% 0.2% 4.5% -0.2% 0.8% 16.1% -1.9% 0.2% 4.3% -0.9% 0.2% 0.8% -0.2% 0.2% 3.1% 0.5% 0.3% -9.9% -4.3% 1.2% -0.8% -1.9% 2.1% -5.4% 3.1% 0.6% -3.3% 0.1% 0.2% -0.3% -2.5% 1.6% ◆ -1.7% 0.2% 2.1% 0.6% 1.5% -7.7% 0.9% 0.3% 1.1% 2.6% 0.7% -10.4% 0.4% 0.3% 5.3% -2.0% 0.3% -5.9% -0.7% 0.1% -3.3% 1.5% 1.6% -17.0% -0.2% 0.4% 42.9% -0.4% 0.8% 8.1% -13.1% 0.1% 2.4% -3.8% 1.3% -26.9% -0.9% 0.1% -0.4% -1.2% 15.4% 1.8% -1.8% 0.1% -8.0% -1.5% 0.4% 5.0% 4.7% 0.5% -0.6% 2.1% 7.0% 4.0% -2.3% 0.1% -13.9% -2.9% 0.1% ◆ -31.0% 12.0% -0.7% 1.8% 8.3% 1.1% 0.1% 0.3% 9.2% 1.3% 2.7% 2.4% 2.3% 0.7% 1.9% 1.0% 0.3% -2.4% -2.8% 0.8% -4.4% 3.6% 0.3% -0.2% 10.6% 0.5% -6.1% 3.2% 3.1% 0.3% 8.3% 1.3% 8.1% -9.0% 0.2% 0.3% 2.1% 10.3% -5.2% 3.4% 0.7% 8.2% -1.7% 0.7% n/a -100.0% – ◆ -83.0% -8.6% -0.4% 0.9% 0.5% 2.9% -4.7% 0.6% -0.7% -1.5% 2.5% -2.0% -1.8% 0.6% 7.6% 6.2% 16.2% -0.7% 4.8% 6.2% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1% -0.4% -2.5% 3.7% 3.4% 0.1% 0.7% 5.7% 0.5% 0.1% -11.5% 2.0% 0.3% -24.0% 2.6% 0.2% -4.5% -1.7% 1.1% -3.6% 2.5% 3.5% 0.1% -0.1% 1.1% -9.3% 2.0% 1.2% 25.2% 36.3% 0.3% 33.2% 0.4% 0.2% 2.2% 3.0% 36.5% ◆ 1.0% 100.0% -1.0% -0.1% 45.9% 0.9% 2.1% 54.1% -1.7% -1.2% 14.0% Source: includes data from ICIS. Oil: Refining capacity Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily* Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Curacao Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco Nigeria South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1976 1463 17597 21036 625 1992 242 336 320 175 252 165 1303 900 6310 201 786 180 193 189 261 1847 2362 425 165 2396 241 1280 316 491 306 283 122 1362 454 613 582 1757 420 17447 205 460 330 5425 251 232 10 6913 260 1860 853 275 936 222 283 2109 702 496 7996 554 810 131 110 520 938 3063 734 11334 3574 1099 4630 572 136 276 267 1427 2746 1197 1236 159 177 29602 92367 45780 46587 15548 1913 1463 17736 21112 625 1992 242 336 320 175 252 165 1303 901 6311 201 787 195 193 189 261 1702 2091 490 165 2396 241 1274 316 560 306 247 122 1421 454 613 484 1757 420 17102 205 460 330 5563 251 232 14 7055 260 1860 914 280 936 222 283 2109 702 496 8062 554 810 131 211 520 939 3165 740 12323 3703 1099 4291 582 136 279 264 1427 2774 1197 1230 159 177 30418 93225 45330 47895 15301 2005 1606 17367 20977 625 2014 250 336 320 175 252 165 1303 1013 6453 193 788 195 193 181 261 1610 2077 495 165 2276 241 1276 329 580 306 229 122 1542 454 596 484 1787 404 17000 205 460 330 5721 251 232 10 7209 260 1860 935 292 936 222 283 2107 707 496 8098 652 810 131 336 520 980 3429 742 13015 3795 1099 4274 601 136 279 261 1427 2864 1197 1230 159 178 31296 94462 45224 49238 15219 2015 1606 17823 21443 657 2004 254 336 320 175 252 165 1303 356 5822 193 753 195 175 181 261 1513 2097 498 165 2098 241 1279 342 582 330 214 122 1546 454 596 258 1526 426 16225 205 460 330 5816 251 232 10 7304 260 1952 971 292 936 222 283 2107 712 496 8231 652 810 201 336 520 980 3499 663 13681 4279 1099 4254 606 136 275 261 1422 2878 1197 1230 159 178 32357 94882 45052 49830 14669 1929 1606 17925 21460 657 2097 254 336 320 175 253 165 1303 361 5921 193 776 195 175 181 261 1375 2061 498 165 1861 241 1279 342 582 330 235 122 1546 454 596 272 1498 376 15829 205 460 350 6279 251 232 12 7789 260 1985 823 294 936 222 283 2507 712 382 8404 647 810 201 336 520 690 3203 662 14503 4319 1099 4123 612 136 390 270 1414 2878 1197 1237 159 184 33225 95831 44557 51274 14275 1929 1522 17967 21418 657 2238 258 336 320 175 253 165 1303 376 6081 193 776 195 175 180 261 1375 2077 498 165 1900 241 1279 342 582 330 228 122 1546 454 596 250 1337 376 15693 205 460 350 6417 251 232 29 7944 260 1985 791 301 936 222 283 2899 728 382 8787 651 810 201 339 520 692 3213 536 15253 4319 1099 3749 612 136 390 271 1514 3123 1197 1252 159 191 33843 96980 44165 52815 14161 1931 1522 18317 21770 657 2281 258 421 320 175 253 165 1303 384 6217 193 776 195 175 180 261 1375 2049 528 165 1900 241 1298 342 581 330 239 122 1562 454 596 250 1337 376 15669 205 460 350 6523 271 232 38 8079 260 1985 763 301 936 222 283 2899 1149 382 9180 651 810 201 339 520 692 3213 443 15024 4307 1111 3721 612 136 389 271 1514 3128 988 1252 159 191 33288 97416 44366 53050 14209 1934 1522 18617 22073 657 2289 258 421 320 175 253 165 1303 384 6225 193 776 195 175 180 261 1245 2051 528 165 1900 241 1298 342 581 330 256 122 1562 454 596 250 1227 376 15448 205 460 350 6594 271 232 39 8151 260 1985 779 301 936 222 429 2901 1149 382 9344 651 810 201 339 520 692 3213 452 14895 4620 1111 3600 618 136 389 271 1514 3259 988 1235 163 191 33484 97937 44448 53489 13988 1970 1546 18567 22082 657 2285 258 421 320 175 253 165 1303 384 6221 193 776 195 175 181 261 1245 2069 528 165 1900 241 1299 342 568 330 247 122 1562 454 596 250 1227 358 15426 205 490 360 6596 271 232 42 8196 260 2130 779 301 736 304 429 2826 1229 496 9490 657 810 201 339 520 672 3199 454 15231 4699 1111 3343 625 136 401 271 1514 3298 1083 1235 167 191 33802 98416 44248 54168 13984 *Atmospheric distillation capacity at year end on a calendar-day basis. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not applicable. 2018 2019 2054 2025 1558 1558 18974 18762 22586 22345 580 580 2290 2285 258 258 421 421 320 320 175 175 253 253 1303 1303 384 384 5984 5979 193 193 776 776 195 195 175 175 181 181 261 261 1245 1245 2085 2085 528 528 165 165 1900 1900 241 241 1309 1299 342 342 581 581 330 330 252 254 122 122 1586 1564 454 454 822 818 250 250 1227 1227 358 358 15721 15686 120 120 520 520 400 390 6721 6596 271 271 232 232 45 42 8309 8171 260 260 2405 2240 919 849 301 301 736 736 334 334 429 429 2835 2835 1307 1229 496 496 10022 9709 657 657 795 795 201 201 350 344 520 520 677 677 3200 3194 455 454 16199 15655 5008 4972 1094 1094 3343 3343 625 625 136 136 401 401 271 271 1514 1514 3393 3346 1083 1083 1235 1235 367 367 351 191 35518 34729 99814 101340 45138 44812 56202 55002 14053 14022 2019 2008-18 Share 2019 1.4% 0.4% 2.0% – 0.6% 1.5% 1.1% 0.6% 18.7% 1.1% 0.6% 22.3% – -0.8% 0.6% 0.2% 1.5% 2.3% – 0.6% 0.3% – 2.6% 0.4% – – 0.3% – – 0.2% – 1.0% 0.2% n/a -100.0% – – – 1.3% – -10.6% 0.4% 0.1% -0.9% 5.9% – -0.4% 0.2% – -0.1% 0.8% – 1.1% 0.2% – -1.0% 0.2% – -0.4% 0.2% – – 0.3% – -4.5% 1.2% – -1.3% 2.1% – 2.2% 0.5% – – 0.2% – -2.3% 1.9% – – 0.2% 0.8% 0.1% 1.3% – 0.8% 0.3% – 1.7% 0.6% – 0.7% 0.3% -0.9% -3.4% 0.2% – – 0.1% 1.4% 1.4% 1.6% – – 0.4% 0.5% 2.9% 0.8% – -7.8% 0.2% – -3.9% 1.2% – -1.1% 0.4% 0.2% -1.2% 15.5% – -5.2% 0.1% – 1.2% 0.5% 2.6% 1.7% 0.4% 1.9% 2.0% 6.6% – 0.8% 0.3% – – 0.2% ◆ 7.1% 15.3% 1.7% 1.7% 8.2% – – 0.3% 7.4% 2.2% 2.4% 8.2% 1.4% 0.9% – 0.9% 0.3% – -2.4% 0.7% – 4.2% 0.3% – 12.1% 0.4% – 3.0% 2.8% 6.3% 6.1% 1.3% – – 0.5% 3.2% 2.4% 9.9% – 4.0% 0.6% – -0.2% 0.8% – 4.4% 0.2% 1.7% 3.2% 0.3% – – 0.5% – -3.2% 0.7% 0.2% 0.3% 3.2% 0.3% -4.7% 0.4% 3.5% 4.2% 16.0% 0.7% 5.2% 4.9% ◆ 1.1% – – -3.2% 3.3% – 1.0% 0.6% – 2.8% 0.1% – 3.9% 0.4% ◆ – 0.3% – 0.6% 1.5% 1.4% 2.1% 3.3% – -1.0% 1.1% – 0.6% 1.2% – 42.0% 0.4% 83.6% 1.1% 0.3% 2.3% 2.3% 35.0% 1.5% 1.0% 100.0% 0.7% -0.3% 44.5% 2.2% 2.1% 55.5% 0.2% -1.2% 13.9% Source: includes data from ICIS. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 29 Oil: Trade movements Growth rate per annum Thousand barrels daily Imports US Europe China India Japan Rest of World Total World Exports Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe Russia Other CIS Saudi Arabia Middle East (ex Saudi Arabia) North Africa West Africa Asia Pacific (ex Japan) Rest of World Total World 2008-18 Share 2019 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 11453 12802 5100 3491 4263 17211 54320 11689 12407 5886 3749 4567 17048 55346 11338 12489 6295 3823 4494 17634 56072 10587 12721 6675 4168 4743 17812 56706 9859 12920 6978 4370 4637 20012 58776 9241 12957 7398 4155 4383 21193 59328 9451 13993 8333 4380 4332 22026 62515 10056 14354 9214 4945 4180 23776 66526 10148 14700 10241 4920 4142 25663 69814 9943 14896 11024 5196 3940 26154 71154 9094 14867 11825 5379 3779 25980 70925 -8.5% -0.2% 7.3% 3.5% -4.1% -0.7% -0.3% -2.5% 12.8% 0.6% 21.0% 9.4% 16.7% 5.4% 7.6% -2.2% 5.3% 4.3% 36.6% 2.3% 100.0% 2518 1449 1947 3748 2076 7257 1861 7276 11744 2943 4531 5631 1340 54320 2599 1539 2154 3568 1966 7397 2039 7595 11976 2878 4755 6226 653 55346 2798 1487 2495 3755 2139 7448 2180 8120 12188 1951 4759 6088 663 56072 3056 1366 2682 3830 2181 7457 1962 8468 11742 2602 4724 6299 338 56706 3296 1347 3563 3790 2545 7948 2166 8365 12242 2127 4590 6307 491 58776 3536 1293 4033 3939 2467 7792 2092 7911 12699 1743 4849 6450 524 59328 3836 1323 4521 4107 2926 8313 2100 7968 13537 1701 4880 6780 525 62515 3890 1380 5078 4147 3082 8814 2096 8606 15321 1727 4401 7356 625 66526 4241 1290 5888 3958 3392 8992 2201 8404 16255 2226 4531 7811 625 69814 4513 1314 7054 3741 3419 9080 2201 8638 16098 2410 4552 7568 565 71154 4683 1268 8016 3422 3159 9186 2265 8397 15010 2420 4560 7963 577 70925 3.8% -3.5% 13.6% -8.5% -7.6% 1.2% 2.9% -2.8% -6.8% 0.4% 0.2% 5.2% 2.0% -0.3% 6.1% 6.6% -2.0% 1.8% 13.6% 11.3% 0.3% 4.8% 5.1% 4.5% 1.9% 13.0% 2.4% 3.2% 0.3% 11.8% 2.6% 21.2% -3.0% 3.4% -0.3% 6.4% 3.4% 11.2% -8.6% 0.8% 2.3% 100.0% Notes: Unless otherwise stated, this table shows inter-regional trade based on the regional classification in the table ‘Oil trade in 2018 and 2019’. Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures. Oil: Inter-area movements 2019 To Crude (million tonnes) From Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe Russia Other CIS Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia UAE Other Middle East North Africa West Africa East & S. Africa Australasia China India Japan Singapore Other Asia Pacific Total imports Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America – – 24.2 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 – – 5.1 – – 0.1 1.1 † † – – – – † 32.9 – – 0.1 † – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.1 189.7 29.9 – 40.0 6.3 6.6 1.6 16.5 2.2 24.9 0.1 – 4.6 14.1 0.2 – – – – – 1.6 338.4 0.3 0.1 8.1 – 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.6 – 3.5 † † 2.7 4.7 † † † † – † † 21.3 3.7 10.5 45.8 12.6 – 153.0 68.1 55.4 4.9 39.9 0.2 4.3 59.1 65.1 † † – † † – † 522.5 – † 26.3 0.2 4.8 0.3 0.3 – † † † † † † † † 0.3 † 0.1 0.1 0.1 32.5 0.6 – 55.5 0.9 1.5 0.1 † – – – † † – † † † 1.3 † 0.3 0.1 0.6 60.9 29.2 2.4 – 9.2 24.4 18.3 0.6 0.4 † 1.4 1.1 1.2 5.0 1.3 † 0.1 0.5 4.6 1.7 1.2 7.1 109.9 1.0 1.1 83.0 – 9.6 2.8 0.1 † 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.2 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 3.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.9 110.2 1.7 0.1 23.6 3.8 – 106.1 8.2 † 1.8 16.5 6.7 8.1 10.3 2.1 0.3 1.2 2.5 10.4 0.2 1.7 3.8 209.2 Europe Other CIS Middle East – – – † † – † † – – † – – † † – – – – – – † – – † – † 18.4 – † – – – † 0.1 † – – † – – – – 18.5 † 0.1 2.5 0.4 0.4 5.6 4.9 3.3 † 13.2 † 5.7 1.3 1.7 † 0.6 † † – † 0.5 40.2 † – 0.2 0.3 0.3 † 0.3 0.3 3.7 8.4 2.6 0.1 † 10.0 † † † † † † 0.1 26.4 † – † † 0.4 – 8.8 – – † † † † † † † † † † † 0.1 9.4 † † † † 1.1 4.2 – † † † † 0.1 † † † † 0.1 † † † 0.2 5.6 † † 2.5 0.6 13.6 3.3 0.1 0.4 4.0 5.7 5.4 13.2 0.7 † 1.3 † 1.6 13.5 0.1 1.2 2.3 69.3 † 0.1 8.6 2.6 43.9 4.8 0.6 † 3.5 10.3 11.2 5.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 † 2.8 10.9 0.1 3.7 5.3 115.1 Russia Africa Australasia Japan Singapore Other Asia Pacific Total 0.9 10.0 9.1 18.7 2.4 2.9 3.6 49.2 10.6 42.6 19.6 10.8 5.6 30.2 0.7 – – – – – 4.7 221.7 † 0.3 3.1 2.3 – 7.9 0.9 2.1 12.6 52.6 42.9 19.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 – – – – 1.5 146.9 – – 1.9 0.5 0.2 1.4 0.4 2.7 2.7 6.1 13.2 9.2 1.4 2.3 † 3.0 † † † – 4.6 49.6 0.2 6.8 36.0 3.9 1.8 10.4 6.9 18.9 39.8 78.5 39.4 23.5 5.1 10.0 0.6 6.8 0.4 † † 1.5 – 290.4 197.0 58.1 137.7 146.2 26.7 286.1 91.5 200.8 99.2 358.4 139.4 125.2 93.4 219.0 5.5 13.0 0.4 0.1 † 1.9 39.2 2239.0 0.1 † 10.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.1 1.4 2.1 8.1 7.9 6.6 0.9 † † 0.1 0.8 – 0.1 1.8 2.4 44.4 0.8 0.2 13.1 0.4 0.6 1.1 † – 1.4 1.3 4.5 4.4 0.3 † † 1.3 0.8 1.0 – 0.5 8.0 39.7 0.1 0.7 2.5 2.7 16.2 9.4 0.1 6.9 1.8 3.3 8.9 1.9 0.7 0.2 † 0.6 15.0 5.3 1.4 – 34.8 112.4 0.4 † 22.1 1.3 5.1 10.1 1.2 1.7 8.1 6.7 23.1 14.3 4.7 1.2 0.3 1.0 34.1 11.9 6.9 58.2 – 212.7 34.7 4.8 251.1 23.3 125.4 164.6 20.4 11.0 25.4 57.4 77.0 62.1 26.1 7.7 3.0 5.5 66.9 60.7 19.3 86.1 109.3 1241.9 China India † – 0.5 – † 0.9 0.1 – – 0.3 6.1 0.1 2.1 1.7 – – – † † 0.4 10.6 22.9 2.2 0.5 6.3 67.2 13.6 77.7 4.2 51.8 22.7 83.3 15.3 52.2 10.7 77.8 3.9 2.3 – – – – 15.6 507.2 † † 1.1 0.1 1.2 † † – † 0.2 0.7 0.2 † † † – 3.4 0.6 4.6 9.3 11.0 32.2 0.9 0.2 2.7 1.3 2.4 3.1 0.4 0.1 2.4 3.5 6.6 6.9 1.6 1.7 † 1.2 – 1.1 2.4 7.1 32.8 78.4 Product (million tonnes) From Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe Russia Other CIS Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia UAE Other Middle East North Africa West Africa East & S. Africa Australasia China India Japan Singapore Other Asia Pacific Total imports †Less than 0.05. Notes: Does not include biofuels trade. Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded. Crude imports and exports include condensates. 30 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Major trade movements 2019 Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes) 24.9 30.7 259.1 9.1 1 69.4 80.8 76.3 22.6 218.9 14 141.2 50.6 55.6 244.8 69 9.4 32.3 5 8 56.8 48.0 91.1 20.6 137.7 7 67.2 44.2 44. 44 42 34.6 45.2 48.4 158. 8. 8.8 49.2 58.2 254.1 39.4 .4 US Canada Mexico S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 59 59.7 21.6 30.2 79.5 68.5 Oil trade in 2018 and 2019 2018 2019 Million tonnes Crude imports Product imports Crude exports Product exports Crude imports Product imports Crude exports Product exports Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe Russia Other CIS Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East North Africa West Africa East & S. Africa Australasia China India Japan Singapore Other Asia Pacific Total World 26.6 0.1 386.8 24.4 514.4 0.5 18.6 † † † 7.3 24.9 7.3 1.0 21.5 23.4 463.8 226.1 150.7 51.8 300.0 2249.3 35.7 61.6 104.0 105.9 218.4 9.4 10.0 3.4 0.7 10.9 32.4 16.7 38.9 41.7 34.4 32.6 81.8 31.3 43.7 120.4 209.0 1242.9 191.5 59.8 92.2 156.9 25.7 274.7 86.8 201.1 107.4 367.1 126.5 191.3 92.3 218.9 6.3 9.0 2.4 0.1 † 0.6 38.9 2249.3 32.0 5.4 248.9 28.2 138.9 170.4 21.9 8.6 25.1 60.6 75.1 59.6 26.6 7.5 3.0 4.0 54.7 58.2 18.0 88.9 107.2 1242.9 32.9 0.1 338.4 21.3 522.5 † 18.5 † † 0.1 12.3 27.8 6.4 0.4 19.6 22.9 507.2 221.7 146.9 49.6 290.4 2239.0 32.5 60.9 109.9 110.2 209.2 9.4 5.6 4.5 0.8 11.4 34.9 17.8 37.6 38.5 39.0 32.2 78.4 44.4 39.7 112.4 212.7 1241.9 197.0 58.1 137.7 146.2 26.7 286.1 91.5 200.8 99.2 358.4 139.4 125.2 93.4 219.0 5.5 13.0 0.4 0.1 † 1.9 39.2 2239.0 34.7 4.8 251.1 23.3 125.4 164.6 20.4 11.0 25.4 57.4 77.0 62.1 26.1 7.7 3.0 5.5 66.9 60.7 19.3 86.1 109.3 1241.9 534 3 7768 490 10330 10 373 ‡ ‡ ‡ 147 501 147 19 432 469 9314 4541 3027 1040 6025 45172 747 1287 2175 2215 4566 196 210 71 15 228 677 348 812 873 719 681 1711 655 913 2516 4368 25982 3845 1200 1851 3150 516 5517 1743 4039 2156 7372 2540 3842 1853 4395 127 182 48 1 ‡ 12 781 45172 668 114 5203 590 2904 3563 458 181 524 1266 1569 1246 557 157 62 84 1144 1218 376 1858 2241 25982 660 1 6796 427 10494 ‡ 372 ‡ ‡ 1 248 558 129 9 393 459 10186 4451 2950 997 5833 44964 679 1273 2298 2303 4373 197 117 94 17 238 729 372 785 806 815 672 1639 928 830 2350 4446 25961 3956 1167 2766 2936 537 5746 1838 4032 1992 7198 2800 2514 1875 4399 110 262 9 1 ‡ 38 788 44964 726 101 5250 486 2622 3440 427 230 531 1199 1610 1299 545 161 62 115 1398 1268 404 1799 2286 25961 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 31 Thousand barrels daily Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe Russia Other CIS Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East North Africa West Africa East & S. Africa Australasia China India Japan Singapore Other Asia Pacific Total World †Less than 0.05. ‡Less than 0.5. Notes: Does not include biofuels trade. Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded. Crude imports and exports include condensates. Natural gas Total proved reserves Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Libya Nigeria Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Papua New Guinea Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union †Less than 0.05. ◆Less At end 1999 Trillion cubic metres At end 2009 Trillion cubic metres At end 2018 Trillion cubic metres Trillion cubic metres 1.6 0.9 4.5 7.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 4.6 0.1 6.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 5.6 1.0 2.0 32.9 2.6 1.2 † 39.8 0.3 23.6 3.1 † 1.4 0.8 11.5 5.8 0.2 5.8 0.3 † 53.0 4.4 1.2 1.2 3.3 0.8 11.0 1.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.6 2.7 1.1 0.3 0.4 † 0.4 0.2 0.3 9.5 132.8 13.2 119.6 3.5 1.6 0.3 7.4 9.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 5.6 0.1 7.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.0 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 5.3 1.0 2.0 34.0 8.2 1.3 † 46.6 0.2 28.0 3.0 0.1 1.7 0.5 26.2 7.4 0.3 5.9 0.3 † 73.6 4.3 2.1 1.5 5.0 1.2 14.2 2.8 0.4 0.3 2.9 1.1 3.1 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 13.9 170.5 16.2 154.3 2.5 1.9 0.2 12.9 15.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 6.3 0.1 8.0 † † † 0.2 1.6 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 3.4 2.1 2.7 38.0 19.5 1.2 † 63.6 0.2 32.0 3.5 0.4 1.7 0.7 24.7 5.9 0.3 5.9 0.3 † 75.6 4.3 2.1 1.4 5.4 1.4 14.7 2.4 0.1 0.2 6.4 1.3 2.8 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 16.9 197.1 20.1 177.0 0.7 2.0 0.2 12.9 15.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 6.3 0.1 8.0 † † † 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 3.4 2.8 2.7 38.0 19.5 1.2 † 64.2 0.1 32.0 3.5 0.5 1.7 0.7 24.7 6.0 0.3 5.9 0.3 † 75.6 4.3 2.1 1.4 5.4 1.6 14.9 2.4 0.1 0.2 8.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 17.7 198.8 20.1 178.7 0.7 At end 2019 Trillion cubic Share of feet total 70.1 6.3 454.6 531.0 12.7 7.5 13.3 3.6 10.2 10.2 222.4 2.2 282.1 † 0.8 1.5 6.1 54.1 2.6 3.6 38.5 6.6 4.8 118.7 100.5 93.7 1340.5 688.1 42.7 1.2 2266.8 2.7 1130.7 125.1 16.4 59.9 23.5 871.6 211.3 9.5 209.7 9.4 0.2 2670.0 153.1 75.5 50.5 190.4 57.5 527.0 84.4 4.3 8.3 296.6 46.9 50.5 33.4 41.3 14.2 6.2 6.3 22.8 8.4 623.5 7019.0 709.5 6309.5 23.9 1.0% 0.1% 6.5% 7.6% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 3.2% ◆ 4.0% ◆ ◆ ◆ 0.1% 0.8% ◆ 0.1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% 1.7% 1.4% 1.3% 19.1% 9.8% 0.6% ◆ 32.3% ◆ 16.1% 1.8% 0.2% 0.9% 0.3% 12.4% 3.0% 0.1% 3.0% 0.1% ◆ 38.0% 2.2% 1.1% 0.7% 2.7% 0.8% 7.5% 1.2% 0.1% 0.1% 4.2% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 8.9% 100.0% 10.1% 89.9% 0.3% R/P ratio 11.5 5.3 14.0 13.3 8.7 14.2 14.5 7.8 21.4 8.4 238.0 17.5 46.0 0.0 4.1 9.4 6.2 13.4 18.1 10.6 55.7 4.7 18.4 14.2 117.0 113.4 55.9 308.5 21.5 110.9 75.8 4.6 131.1 328.7 46.2 92.1 18.3 138.6 52.7 72.1 95.0 458.2 47.1 108.7 50.3 32.9 151.5 109.4 58.1 62.7 15.6 4.2 18.0 47.3 49.4 21.2 12.0 68.4 11.9 14.2 5.0 65.6 13.9 26.3 49.8 13.3 72.0 6.7 than 0.05%. Notes: Total proved reserves of natural gas – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved natural gas does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at a company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved reserves by country. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. Source of data – the estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data from Cedigaz and the OPEC Secretariat. As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3. 32 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 2019 by region History 120 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS 600 Africa Middle East Asia Pacific World 100 500 80 400 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 Asia Pacific 89 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 World proved gas reserves increased by 1.7 Tcm to 198.8 Tcm in 2019. China (2 Tcm) and Azerbaijan (0.7 Tcm) provided the largest increments, although this was partially offset by a 1.3 Tcm decline in Indonesian reserves. Russia (38 Tcm), Iran (32 Tcm) and Qatar (24.7 Tcm) are the countries with the largest reserves. The current global R/P ratio shows that gas reserves in 2019 accounted for 49.8 years of current production. The Middle East (108.7 years) and CIS (75.8 years) are the regions with the highest R/P ratio. Distribution of proved reserves in 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage Middle East CIS Asia Pacific North America Africa S. & Cent. America Europe 4.0 1.7 38.0 7.5 4.4 3.1 43.2 7.6 8.3 5.2 4.2 39.9 2019 Total 198.8 trillion cubic metres 5.5 8.3 5.3 7.1 1999 Total 132.8 trillion cubic metres 8.2 2009 Total 170.5 trillion cubic metres 8.9 32.3 30.0 27.3 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 33 Natural gas: Production in billion cubic metres* Growth rate per annum Billion cubic metres Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Bahrain Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Libya Nigeria Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 155.1 52.6 557.6 765.2 40.3 11.9 12.3 10.1 3.6 38.6 31.8 3.8 152.3 8.8 12.7 7.6 65.5 103.6 4.3 10.4 20.3 61.2 9.3 303.7 15.9 19.0 536.2 33.3 58.4 0.3 663.2 12.1 135.7 6.9 10.9 23.9 92.4 74.5 6.1 47.6 0.8 2.7 413.8 76.6 60.3 15.1 23.2 16.9 192.1 46.7 18.7 11.1 85.9 36.1 78.0 66.2 11.4 34.7 29.4 7.7 18.5 444.6 2934.9 1094.9 1840.0 178.8 149.6 51.2 575.2 775.9 39.0 13.7 15.0 10.8 7.3 40.3 30.5 3.8 160.4 8.5 11.1 8.0 75.3 106.4 4.3 10.0 19.4 57.9 9.3 310.4 16.3 20.4 598.4 40.1 57.1 0.3 732.7 12.4 143.9 7.1 11.1 25.7 123.1 83.3 8.4 50.0 6.3 3.3 474.6 77.4 59.0 16.0 30.9 19.0 202.3 54.0 19.3 12.0 96.5 47.4 87.0 65.1 12.2 35.3 33.7 9.1 18.2 489.8 3146.2 1121.7 2024.5 183.5 151.1 52.1 617.4 820.5 37.7 15.0 17.2 10.5 11.5 38.7 30.2 3.2 164.1 6.9 10.5 8.0 69.5 100.5 4.5 10.1 19.5 46.1 9.2 284.8 16.0 20.1 616.8 56.3 56.6 0.3 766.2 12.6 151.0 6.3 12.9 27.1 150.4 87.6 7.4 51.0 9.4 4.2 520.0 79.6 59.1 7.5 36.4 19.1 201.7 55.7 19.6 12.5 106.2 42.9 82.7 67.0 12.6 35.3 33.8 8.2 18.3 494.7 3251.9 1141.9 2110.0 163.5 150.3 50.9 649.1 850.3 36.7 17.1 19.8 11.5 12.0 38.5 31.9 3.0 170.6 6.0 9.5 8.2 68.4 113.9 4.5 10.1 19.4 39.2 8.4 287.5 16.8 19.8 601.9 59.0 56.5 0.3 754.3 13.1 156.9 6.3 14.7 28.3 162.5 94.4 6.1 52.9 7.6 2.5 545.5 78.4 58.6 11.6 39.2 19.0 206.8 59.5 21.3 12.3 111.5 37.3 78.3 69.3 12.5 36.6 38.4 9.0 18.0 504.0 3318.9 1177.1 2141.8 153.1 151.9 52.5 655.7 860.1 34.6 19.6 21.9 13.2 12.4 38.7 30.6 2.7 173.8 5.0 8.6 7.4 72.4 107.9 4.4 10.0 20.2 37.0 7.2 280.0 17.4 21.4 614.5 59.0 55.9 0.3 768.5 14.0 157.5 7.1 15.5 30.8 168.2 95.0 5.0 53.2 10.4 6.3 562.9 79.3 54.0 12.2 33.1 19.8 198.3 61.8 22.0 11.9 121.8 31.1 77.6 72.6 12.9 35.6 38.9 9.4 18.7 514.2 3357.8 1184.8 2173.1 150.9 159.0 51.3 704.7 915.0 34.5 20.3 23.3 12.3 13.1 38.1 31.8 2.6 176.0 4.8 8.1 6.8 60.4 108.0 4.3 10.2 20.2 37.4 6.3 266.6 18.4 21.7 591.2 63.5 56.3 0.3 751.4 14.7 175.5 7.5 14.3 29.3 169.5 97.3 4.6 52.9 9.8 7.3 582.7 80.2 47.0 11.8 40.0 19.7 198.7 66.6 23.0 12.7 131.2 29.4 76.4 72.2 16.5 35.0 39.1 9.9 23.6 535.5 3425.9 1232.0 2193.9 137.4 160.8 47.9 740.3 949.0 35.5 19.6 23.8 11.6 12.7 36.0 36.1 2.9 178.0 4.8 7.5 6.4 45.9 116.2 4.3 10.2 18.8 40.7 6.1 261.0 18.8 22.0 584.4 65.9 53.6 0.3 745.0 14.8 183.5 7.3 16.1 30.7 174.9 99.2 4.1 58.7 2.9 8.1 600.2 81.4 42.6 11.0 47.6 21.4 204.0 76.0 25.9 13.3 135.7 28.1 76.2 76.8 19.2 35.0 37.5 10.3 29.4 563.5 3500.6 1271.5 2229.2 124.9 171.8 43.7 727.4 942.8 37.3 18.8 24.1 12.0 14.0 31.3 37.2 3.1 177.9 4.7 6.9 5.5 44.3 115.9 4.1 9.1 19.0 41.7 8.7 259.9 18.3 22.9 589.3 63.2 53.1 0.3 747.2 14.4 199.3 9.9 16.4 31.5 173.6 105.3 3.5 60.3 0.5 9.0 623.9 91.4 40.3 9.4 42.6 22.2 205.9 96.4 26.5 12.9 137.9 26.6 75.1 76.7 18.3 34.7 37.3 10.2 30.2 582.8 3540.4 1286.9 2253.4 124.1 175.6 38.3 746.2 960.0 37.1 18.2 27.2 12.3 13.0 31.9 38.6 3.1 181.4 5.1 6.4 5.3 38.5 123.2 4.0 10.0 19.4 41.9 9.0 262.8 17.8 23.4 635.6 58.7 53.4 0.3 789.1 14.5 219.5 10.1 16.2 32.3 168.6 109.3 3.5 62.4 0.6 9.5 646.5 93.0 48.8 8.6 47.2 26.5 224.2 112.8 26.6 12.9 149.2 27.7 72.7 78.5 17.8 34.7 35.9 9.5 30.2 608.5 3672.5 1323.3 2349.2 119.3 179.0 35.2 835.9 1050.1 39.4 17.0 25.2 12.9 12.8 34.0 31.6 3.3 176.2 4.3 5.5 5.2 32.3 121.3 4.0 10.0 19.7 40.5 8.5 251.2 19.0 23.9 669.1 61.5 57.2 0.3 831.1 14.6 238.3 10.6 16.9 36.0 176.5 112.1 3.6 61.4 0.6 10.1 680.7 93.8 58.6 8.3 48.3 27.3 236.2 130.1 26.6 12.6 161.5 27.5 72.8 77.3 17.1 34.2 34.7 9.7 28.1 632.0 3857.5 1419.3 2438.3 109.3 173.1 34.0 920.9 1128.0 41.6 15.0 25.8 13.2 13.5 34.6 26.5 3.5 173.6 3.2 5.3 4.6 28.1 114.4 4.0 9.7 19.6 39.6 7.4 235.9 24.3 23.4 679.0 63.2 56.3 0.3 846.5 16.9 244.2 10.8 18.4 36.3 178.1 113.6 3.7 62.5 0.6 10.1 695.3 86.2 64.9 9.4 49.3 28.0 237.9 153.5 28.7 13.0 177.6 26.9 67.5 78.8 17.1 33.9 35.8 9.9 29.6 672.1 3989.3 1506.2 2483.2 101.0 -3.3% -3.4% 10.2% 7.4% 5.6% -12.2% 2.6% 2.6% 5.6% 1.8% -16.3% 5.2% -1.5% -25.4% -3.8% -10.9% -13.0% -5.7% 0.1% -2.8% -0.5% -2.2% -12.9% -6.1% 27.7% -2.2% 1.5% 2.7% -1.6% 2.0% 1.9% 15.4% 2.4% 1.9% 9.2% 0.9% 0.9% 1.4% 3.6% 1.9% 0.8% 0.1% 2.1% -8.1% 10.9% 14.0% 2.1% 2.7% 0.7% 18.0% 8.0% 3.3% 9.9% -2.1% -7.2% 2.0% – -1.0% 3.0% 2.0% 5.5% 6.3% 3.4% 6.1% 1.8% -7.7% 0.7% -2.9% 4.3% 3.3% -0.8% 2.1% 5.8% 4.0% 13.8% -1.0% -0.6% -1.5% 1.1% -8.5% -8.6% -5.2% -7.6% 2.0% -0.7% -0.5% -0.3% -5.7% -1.1% -2.4% 1.8% 2.7% 0.9% ◆ Share 2019 4.3% 0.9% 23.1% 28.3% 1.0% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9% 0.7% 0.1% 4.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.7% 2.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 0.2% 5.9% 0.6% 0.6% 17.0% 1.6% 1.4% -0.7% ◆ 0.2% 0.8% 21.2% 2.0% 0.4% 6.8% 6.1% 5.1% 0.3% 3.4% 0.5% 4.1% 0.9% 8.3% 4.5% 3.9% 2.8% -4.3% 0.1% 2.3% 1.6% ◆ n/a 11.3% 0.3% 5.7% 17.4% 1.3% 2.2% 0.3% 1.6% -5.8% 0.2% 3.9% 1.2% 5.1% 0.7% 1.5% 6.0% 12.1% 3.8% 5.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.3% 7.2% 4.5% -0.7% 0.7% -0.3% 1.7% 1.1% 2.0% 3.4% 0.4% -0.1% 0.8% 1.5% 0.9% 2.9% 0.2% 4.4% 0.7% 4.0% 16.8% 2.4% 100.0% 2.6% 37.8% 2.4% 62.2% -5.8% 2.5% *E xcludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for gas-to-liquids transformation. Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from measures of energy content using an average conversion factor and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using billion cubic metres figures. Natural gas production data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. 34 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Natural gas: Production in exajoules* Growth rate per annum Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Denmark Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Bahrain Iran Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Libya Nigeria Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh Brunei China India Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 5.58 1.89 20.07 27.55 1.45 0.43 0.44 0.36 0.13 1.39 1.14 0.14 5.48 0.32 0.46 0.27 2.36 3.73 0.15 0.37 0.73 2.20 0.33 10.93 0.57 0.68 19.30 1.20 2.10 0.01 23.87 0.44 4.89 0.25 0.39 0.86 3.33 2.68 0.22 1.71 0.03 0.10 14.90 2.76 2.17 0.54 0.83 0.61 6.92 1.68 0.67 0.40 3.09 1.30 2.81 2.38 0.41 1.25 1.06 0.28 0.67 16.01 105.66 39.42 66.24 6.44 5.39 1.84 20.71 27.93 1.40 0.49 0.54 0.39 0.26 1.45 1.10 0.14 5.78 0.31 0.40 0.29 2.71 3.83 0.15 0.36 0.70 2.08 0.34 11.17 0.59 0.74 21.54 1.44 2.06 0.01 26.38 0.45 5.18 0.26 0.40 0.93 4.43 3.00 0.30 1.80 0.23 0.12 17.09 2.79 2.12 0.58 1.11 0.69 7.28 1.94 0.69 0.43 3.48 1.71 3.13 2.34 0.44 1.27 1.21 0.33 0.65 17.63 113.26 40.38 72.88 6.60 5.44 1.88 22.22 29.54 1.36 0.54 0.62 0.38 0.41 1.39 1.09 0.11 5.91 0.25 0.38 0.29 2.50 3.62 0.16 0.36 0.70 1.66 0.33 10.25 0.57 0.72 22.21 2.03 2.04 0.01 27.58 0.45 5.44 0.23 0.46 0.98 5.41 3.16 0.27 1.84 0.34 0.15 18.72 2.87 2.13 0.27 1.31 0.69 7.26 2.00 0.70 0.45 3.82 1.55 2.98 2.41 0.45 1.27 1.22 0.29 0.66 17.81 117.07 41.11 75.96 5.89 5.41 1.83 23.37 30.61 1.32 0.62 0.71 0.41 0.43 1.39 1.15 0.11 6.14 0.22 0.34 0.30 2.46 4.10 0.16 0.36 0.70 1.41 0.30 10.35 0.61 0.71 21.67 2.12 2.03 0.01 27.16 0.47 5.65 0.23 0.53 1.02 5.85 3.40 0.22 1.91 0.27 0.09 19.64 2.82 2.11 0.42 1.41 0.68 7.44 2.14 0.77 0.44 4.01 1.34 2.82 2.49 0.45 1.32 1.38 0.32 0.65 18.14 119.48 42.37 77.11 5.51 5.47 1.89 23.60 30.96 1.24 0.70 0.79 0.48 0.45 1.39 1.10 0.10 6.26 0.18 0.31 0.27 2.61 3.89 0.16 0.36 0.73 1.33 0.26 10.08 0.63 0.77 22.12 2.12 2.01 0.01 27.67 0.50 5.67 0.25 0.56 1.11 6.05 3.42 0.18 1.92 0.37 0.23 20.26 2.86 1.94 0.44 1.19 0.71 7.14 2.22 0.79 0.43 4.39 1.12 2.79 2.61 0.46 1.28 1.40 0.34 0.67 18.51 120.88 42.65 78.23 5.43 5.72 1.85 25.37 32.94 1.24 0.73 0.84 0.44 0.47 1.37 1.14 0.09 6.34 0.17 0.29 0.25 2.17 3.89 0.16 0.37 0.73 1.35 0.23 9.60 0.66 0.78 21.28 2.29 2.03 0.01 27.05 0.53 6.32 0.27 0.51 1.06 6.10 3.50 0.17 1.90 0.35 0.26 20.98 2.89 1.69 0.43 1.44 0.71 7.15 2.40 0.83 0.46 4.72 1.06 2.75 2.60 0.60 1.26 1.41 0.35 0.85 19.28 123.33 44.35 78.98 4.94 5.79 1.73 26.65 34.16 1.28 0.70 0.86 0.42 0.46 1.29 1.30 0.10 6.41 0.17 0.27 0.23 1.65 4.18 0.15 0.37 0.68 1.46 0.22 9.39 0.68 0.79 21.04 2.37 1.93 0.01 26.82 0.53 6.61 0.26 0.58 1.11 6.30 3.57 0.15 2.11 0.10 0.29 21.61 2.93 1.53 0.40 1.71 0.77 7.34 2.74 0.93 0.48 4.88 1.01 2.74 2.77 0.69 1.26 1.35 0.37 1.06 20.28 126.02 45.77 80.25 4.50 6.18 1.57 26.18 33.94 1.34 0.68 0.87 0.43 0.50 1.13 1.34 0.11 6.40 0.17 0.25 0.20 1.59 4.17 0.15 0.33 0.68 1.50 0.31 9.36 0.66 0.83 21.21 2.28 1.91 0.01 26.90 0.52 7.18 0.36 0.59 1.13 6.25 3.79 0.13 2.17 0.02 0.33 22.46 3.29 1.45 0.34 1.53 0.80 7.41 3.47 0.95 0.47 4.97 0.96 2.70 2.76 0.66 1.25 1.34 0.37 1.09 20.98 127.45 46.33 81.12 4.47 6.32 1.38 26.86 34.56 1.34 0.66 0.98 0.44 0.47 1.15 1.39 0.11 6.53 0.18 0.23 0.19 1.39 4.44 0.15 0.36 0.70 1.51 0.32 9.46 0.64 0.84 22.88 2.11 1.92 0.01 28.41 0.52 7.90 0.36 0.58 1.16 6.07 3.93 0.13 2.24 0.02 0.34 23.28 3.35 1.76 0.31 1.70 0.96 8.07 4.06 0.96 0.46 5.37 1.00 2.62 2.82 0.64 1.25 1.29 0.34 1.09 21.90 132.21 47.64 84.57 4.29 6.45 1.27 30.09 37.80 1.42 0.61 0.91 0.46 0.46 1.22 1.14 0.12 6.34 0.15 0.20 0.19 1.16 4.37 0.14 0.36 0.71 1.46 0.30 9.04 0.69 0.86 24.09 2.21 2.06 0.01 29.92 0.53 8.58 0.38 0.61 1.30 6.35 4.04 0.13 2.21 0.02 0.36 24.51 3.38 2.11 0.30 1.74 0.98 8.50 4.68 0.96 0.45 5.82 0.99 2.62 2.78 0.61 1.23 1.25 0.35 1.01 22.75 138.87 51.09 87.78 3.94 6.23 1.22 33.15 40.61 1.50 0.54 0.93 0.47 0.49 1.24 0.95 0.13 6.25 0.12 0.19 0.17 1.01 4.12 0.14 0.35 0.71 1.43 0.27 8.49 0.88 0.84 24.45 2.27 2.03 0.01 30.47 0.61 8.79 0.39 0.66 1.31 6.41 4.09 0.13 2.25 0.02 0.37 25.03 3.10 2.34 0.34 1.77 1.01 8.57 5.52 1.03 0.47 6.39 0.97 2.43 2.84 0.61 1.22 1.29 0.35 1.07 24.20 143.62 54.22 89.39 3.63 -3.3% -3.4% 10.2% 7.4% 5.6% -12.2% 2.6% 2.6% 5.6% 1.8% -16.3% 5.2% -1.5% -25.4% -3.8% -10.9% -13.0% -5.7% 0.1% -2.8% -0.5% -2.2% -12.9% -6.1% 27.7% -2.2% 1.5% 2.7% -1.6% 2.0% 1.9% 15.4% 2.4% 1.9% 9.2% 0.9% 0.9% 1.4% 3.6% 1.9% 0.8% 0.1% 2.1% -8.1% 10.9% 14.0% 2.1% 2.7% 0.7% 18.0% 8.0% 3.3% 9.9% -2.1% -7.2% 2.0% – -1.0% 3.0% 2.0% 5.5% 6.3% 3.4% 6.1% 1.8% -7.7% 0.7% -2.9% 4.3% 3.3% -0.8% 2.1% 5.8% 4.0% 13.8% -1.0% -0.6% -1.5% 1.1% -8.5% -8.6% -5.2% -7.6% 2.0% -0.7% -0.5% -0.3% -5.7% -1.1% -2.4% 1.8% 2.7% 0.9% *Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for gas-to-liquids transformation. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using exajoules figures. ◆ -0.7% 0.2% 0.8% 2.0% 6.8% 5.1% 3.4% 4.1% 8.3% 3.9% -4.3% 2.3% n/a 11.3% 5.7% 1.3% 0.3% -5.8% 3.9% 5.1% 1.5% 12.1% 5.0% 0.6% 7.2% -0.7% -0.3% 1.1% 3.4% -0.1% 1.5% 2.9% 4.4% 4.0% 2.4% 2.6% 2.4% -5.8% Share 2019 4.3% 0.9% 23.1% 28.3% 1.0% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9% 0.7% 0.1% 4.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.7% 2.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 1.0% 0.2% 5.9% 0.6% 0.6% 17.0% 1.6% 1.4% ◆ 21.2% 0.4% 6.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 4.5% 2.8% 0.1% 1.6% ◆ 0.3% 17.4% 2.2% 1.6% 0.2% 1.2% 0.7% 6.0% 3.8% 0.7% 0.3% 4.5% 0.7% 1.7% 2.0% 0.4% 0.8% 0.9% 0.2% 0.7% 16.8% 100.0% 37.8% 62.2% 2.5% Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 35 Natural gas: Consumption in billion cubic metres* Growth rate per annum Billion cubic metres Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 86.6 65.2 617.6 769.4 41.8 20.7 2.8 8.4 0.6 3.3 19.1 34.2 4.9 135.8 8.8 17.6 7.9 3.7 44.7 84.4 3.4 10.6 74.3 41.4 4.1 15.1 4.8 12.3 36.3 1.1 3.1 33.7 48.9 91.2 29.8 577.4 8.6 16.9 10.1 397.8 17.1 44.1 5.3 499.9 134.8 6.9 4.0 11.8 13.7 21.3 74.5 57.6 22.7 347.3 26.2 40.9 0.6 3.3 24.5 95.6 29.1 18.7 90.2 2.9 49.1 42.1 92.5 40.0 4.0 34.7 3.7 9.2 35.5 – 12.5 38.1 7.7 5.5 515.6 2941.1 1445.3 1495.8 484.5 88.3 66.0 648.2 802.5 42.1 27.6 5.7 8.7 0.6 5.4 20.7 31.3 5.1 147.3 9.6 19.4 9.4 4.1 49.6 88.1 3.7 11.4 79.1 46.8 4.1 16.2 5.2 12.5 36.2 1.5 3.5 35.8 54.6 98.5 33.5 622.9 8.1 20.7 11.0 423.9 18.3 44.0 5.2 531.3 144.4 7.1 5.1 14.0 16.3 25.4 83.3 59.3 25.2 380.1 25.3 43.4 0.7 4.1 25.4 98.9 33.8 19.3 108.9 3.6 59.0 44.0 99.9 38.0 4.4 35.3 3.5 8.3 45.0 – 15.5 43.2 9.1 6.8 577.7 3160.7 1542.9 1617.7 521.3 97.5 70.8 658.2 826.6 43.8 27.5 5.8 8.5 0.6 6.3 20.5 33.3 5.8 152.1 9.0 16.5 7.9 3.6 43.0 80.9 4.6 10.9 74.2 40.9 4.0 16.5 5.3 12.9 33.6 1.2 3.1 41.8 56.1 81.9 32.3 580.4 8.9 19.2 12.2 435.6 20.7 47.4 5.5 549.5 153.2 6.3 4.7 15.9 18.1 28.7 87.6 61.6 21.9 398.1 26.8 47.8 0.9 4.3 27.5 107.2 35.3 19.6 135.2 2.9 60.3 42.7 112.0 38.3 4.0 35.3 3.8 8.3 48.4 – 17.0 44.3 8.2 7.5 623.2 3237.1 1537.9 1699.2 471.0 97.2 73.7 688.1 859.0 45.7 32.6 5.3 9.5 0.7 6.9 20.2 34.6 6.3 161.8 8.6 16.7 8.0 3.2 44.4 81.1 4.2 9.7 71.4 39.3 4.0 17.4 4.6 12.5 33.2 1.1 3.4 43.3 51.8 76.9 30.7 565.7 9.4 19.4 13.0 428.6 22.9 46.2 5.7 545.2 152.5 6.3 2.4 17.5 19.7 33.6 94.4 63.9 20.4 410.8 29.9 50.6 1.2 4.4 29.1 115.1 35.4 21.3 150.9 2.6 55.7 43.0 123.2 42.0 4.5 36.6 3.6 8.9 52.5 – 17.9 48.6 9.0 8.5 664.4 3322.0 1573.9 1748.1 459.1 104.3 77.8 707.0 889.1 46.0 38.4 5.3 10.5 0.9 6.7 20.4 32.3 6.9 167.3 8.2 16.5 8.1 3.0 45.1 85.0 3.7 9.1 66.7 39.1 4.0 17.4 4.3 11.4 30.3 1.0 3.6 44.0 47.7 76.3 29.7 554.4 9.4 19.3 13.6 424.9 19.3 46.2 4.8 537.3 153.8 7.1 6.6 17.8 21.7 35.5 95.0 64.7 21.0 423.3 32.1 49.5 1.1 4.1 29.8 116.6 37.2 22.0 171.9 2.5 49.0 44.5 123.5 44.6 4.7 35.6 3.4 10.0 55.0 – 17.9 48.9 9.4 8.6 688.6 3376.6 1606.9 1769.7 450.8 109.6 78.8 722.3 910.7 46.2 40.7 4.4 11.4 0.9 7.4 20.5 34.0 7.2 172.6 7.5 14.5 7.2 2.7 37.9 73.9 2.8 8.1 59.0 34.5 4.3 17.0 4.1 10.9 27.5 0.8 3.1 46.6 40.3 70.1 27.2 500.0 9.9 19.1 15.0 422.2 20.0 48.5 5.3 539.9 173.4 7.5 7.2 17.9 21.3 38.5 97.3 63.4 20.9 447.5 36.1 46.2 1.1 4.3 32.2 119.9 40.1 23.0 188.4 2.4 48.5 44.0 124.8 44.7 5.2 35.0 3.5 10.4 50.0 – 18.9 49.9 9.9 10.1 708.8 3399.4 1581.9 1817.5 401.4 109.8 80.8 743.6 934.1 46.7 42.9 4.8 11.2 0.8 7.6 19.6 37.0 7.1 177.8 8.0 15.8 7.5 2.3 40.8 77.0 3.1 8.7 64.3 34.1 4.5 17.1 4.8 10.4 28.5 0.9 3.3 46.0 32.0 72.0 28.1 509.2 11.1 17.9 15.3 408.7 25.4 46.3 5.2 530.0 184.0 7.3 8.1 20.3 23.0 42.4 99.2 71.5 22.4 478.3 37.9 46.0 1.1 4.3 39.1 128.5 42.1 25.9 194.7 3.0 47.8 45.8 118.7 46.8 4.9 36.5 3.3 11.6 45.6 – 20.2 51.0 10.3 12.0 720.2 3478.0 1615.1 1862.9 418.7 106.2 83.0 749.1 938.3 48.2 37.1 5.9 12.1 0.9 8.5 16.9 37.2 7.3 174.2 8.3 16.2 8.2 2.0 44.5 84.9 4.0 9.3 67.5 35.2 4.4 18.3 5.1 10.5 29.1 1.0 3.5 44.5 31.4 80.7 28.9 537.4 10.9 17.8 15.8 420.6 25.1 43.3 5.1 538.8 196.3 9.9 9.2 21.1 22.8 40.2 105.3 72.7 23.0 500.7 38.6 49.4 1.1 4.5 38.4 132.0 41.7 26.5 209.4 3.1 50.8 44.6 116.4 45.0 4.8 38.7 3.8 11.9 47.6 – 21.0 50.6 10.2 11.4 737.5 3559.0 1649.1 1909.9 448.8 109.3 86.0 740.0 935.3 48.3 37.6 5.6 12.4 0.8 7.5 18.3 38.6 7.2 176.3 9.1 16.4 8.4 1.8 44.8 87.7 4.8 9.9 71.6 36.2 4.6 19.2 6.3 11.3 31.7 1.0 3.5 51.6 30.2 78.6 30.3 558.9 10.6 18.2 16.8 431.1 24.8 43.1 5.1 549.6 209.1 11.4 9.9 21.0 23.3 39.9 109.3 74.7 23.5 522.2 39.5 55.9 1.1 4.4 39.1 140.1 41.2 26.6 240.4 3.1 53.7 43.2 117.0 45.0 4.9 40.7 3.8 12.3 49.8 – 23.2 50.1 9.5 11.4 776.1 3658.6 1669.5 1989.0 463.8 118.3 87.6 819.9 1025.8 48.7 35.9 6.4 13.2 0.7 8.0 17.4 31.6 8.0 169.9 8.7 16.9 8.0 2.1 42.7 85.9 4.7 9.6 69.2 35.4 4.5 19.9 5.8 11.6 31.5 1.0 3.3 47.2 30.6 79.3 30.2 548.0 10.8 19.3 19.0 454.5 28.4 44.4 5.9 582.3 224.1 14.6 10.5 21.2 25.0 41.4 112.1 74.4 22.6 545.8 43.4 59.6 1.0 4.5 40.3 148.8 41.4 27.4 283.0 3.0 58.1 44.5 115.7 41.0 4.4 43.6 4.1 12.3 57.8 – 23.7 50.0 9.7 11.3 831.0 3851.7 1756.5 2095.1 457.2 120.3 90.7 846.6 1057.6 47.5 35.8 6.5 13.4 0.6 8.3 17.5 26.5 9.2 165.4 8.9 17.4 8.3 2.0 43.4 88.7 5.1 9.8 70.8 36.8 4.5 20.4 6.1 10.9 36.1 1.0 3.4 43.2 28.2 78.8 30.1 554.1 11.8 19.3 17.9 444.3 31.5 43.4 5.5 573.7 223.6 19.9 10.8 23.5 25.0 41.1 113.6 76.0 24.8 558.4 45.2 58.9 1.0 4.3 40.7 150.1 53.7 34.4 307.3 3.1 59.7 43.8 108.1 42.3 4.8 45.7 4.1 12.7 56.0 – 23.3 50.8 9.9 10.3 869.9 3929.2 1801.1 2128.2 469.6 1.7% 3.5% 3.3% 3.1% -2.5% -0.2% 1.1% 1.8% -10.6% 3.7% 1.0% -16.3% 14.7% -2.7% 2.5% 3.0% 4.3% -3.8% 1.7% 3.3% 9.0% 2.0% 2.3% 4.2% 0.2% 2.3% 5.7% -5.9% 14.8% 3.2% 2.4% -8.5% -7.7% -0.5% -0.4% 1.1% 9.0% -0.3% -5.8% -2.2% 11.1% -2.2% -6.0% -1.5% -0.2% 36.5% 2.4% 11.2% 0.1% -0.7% 1.4% 2.2% 9.9% 2.3% 4.2% -1.1% -5.2% -4.2% 0.9% 0.9% 29.7% 25.3% 8.6% 3.3% 2.7% -1.6% -6.6% 3.1% 8.9% 4.8% -0.2% 3.7% -3.2% n/a -1.7% 1.6% 2.0% -8.9% 4.7% 2.0% 2.5% 1.6% 2.7% 2008-18 Share 2019 2.8% 3.1% 3.9% 2.3% 2.7% 21.5% 2.8% 26.9% 1.2% 1.2% 3.4% 0.9% 8.8% 0.2% 6.1% 0.3% ◆ 3.6% 9.4% 0.2% -1.0% 0.4% -1.0% 0.7% 5.4% 0.2% 1.9% 4.2% -0.4% 0.2% -0.3% 0.4% -0.4% 0.2% -6.7% 0.1% -0.8% 1.1% -0.4% 2.3% 1.5% 0.1% -2.4% 0.2% -1.5% 1.8% -1.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 2.4% 0.5% 1.9% 0.2% -2.0% 0.3% -2.5% 0.9% ◆ 1.7% 0.2% 0.1% 3.0% 1.1% -6.9% 0.7% -2.1% 2.0% -1.2% 0.8% -1.3% 14.1% 0.8% 0.3% -0.3% 0.5% 6.0% 0.5% 0.7% 11.3% 13.7% 0.8% 0.1% 1.1% -0.1% 0.1% 1.1% 14.6% 5.9% 5.7% 8.5% 0.5% 11.3% 0.3% 5.8% 0.6% 6.5% 0.6% 7.2% 1.0% 3.9% 2.9% 2.5% 1.9% 0.9% 0.6% 4.9% 14.2% 5.9% 1.2% 4.2% 1.5% ◆ 5.8% 1.3% 0.1% 4.3% 1.0% 4.6% 3.8% 3.8% 1.4% 5.3% 0.9% 13.2% 7.8% 0.1% 0.1% 3.8% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 1.6% 2.8% -0.6% 1.1% 1.2% 0.1% 2.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.1% 3.5% 0.3% 4.5% 1.4% n/a n/a 6.4% 0.6% 3.1% 1.3% 2.9% 0.3% 5.9% 0.3% 5.1% 22.1% 2.5% 100.0% 1.6% 45.8% 3.3% 54.2% -1.2% 12.0% Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service. *Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in gas-to-liquids transformation. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from measures of energy content using an average conversion factor and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using billion cubic metres figures. Natural gas consumption data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. 36 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Natural gas: Consumption in exajoules* Growth rate per annum Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 3.12 2.35 22.23 27.70 1.51 0.74 0.10 0.30 0.02 0.12 0.69 1.23 0.18 4.89 0.32 0.63 0.28 0.13 1.61 3.04 0.12 0.38 2.68 1.49 0.15 0.54 0.17 0.44 1.31 0.04 0.11 1.21 1.76 3.28 1.07 20.79 0.31 0.61 0.37 14.32 0.62 1.59 0.19 18.00 4.85 0.25 0.14 0.43 0.49 0.77 2.68 2.07 0.82 12.50 0.94 1.47 0.02 0.12 0.88 3.44 1.05 0.67 3.25 0.10 1.77 1.52 3.33 1.44 0.14 1.25 0.13 0.33 1.28 – 0.45 1.37 0.28 0.20 18.56 105.88 52.03 53.85 17.44 3.18 2.38 23.33 28.89 1.52 0.99 0.21 0.31 0.02 0.20 0.75 1.13 0.18 5.30 0.35 0.70 0.34 0.15 1.78 3.17 0.13 0.41 2.85 1.68 0.15 0.58 0.19 0.45 1.30 0.06 0.13 1.29 1.96 3.55 1.21 22.43 0.29 0.75 0.40 15.26 0.66 1.59 0.19 19.13 5.20 0.26 0.18 0.50 0.59 0.91 3.00 2.13 0.91 13.68 0.91 1.56 0.03 0.15 0.91 3.56 1.22 0.69 3.92 0.13 2.12 1.59 3.60 1.37 0.16 1.27 0.13 0.30 1.62 – 0.56 1.56 0.33 0.24 20.80 113.78 55.55 58.24 18.77 3.51 2.55 23.70 29.76 1.58 0.99 0.21 0.31 0.02 0.23 0.74 1.20 0.21 5.48 0.33 0.59 0.29 0.13 1.55 2.91 0.17 0.39 2.67 1.47 0.14 0.59 0.19 0.46 1.21 0.04 0.11 1.51 2.02 2.95 1.16 20.89 0.32 0.69 0.44 15.68 0.75 1.70 0.20 19.78 5.51 0.23 0.17 0.57 0.65 1.03 3.16 2.22 0.79 14.33 0.96 1.72 0.03 0.15 0.99 3.86 1.27 0.70 4.87 0.10 2.17 1.54 4.03 1.38 0.14 1.27 0.14 0.30 1.74 – 0.61 1.60 0.29 0.27 22.44 116.54 55.36 61.17 16.95 3.50 2.65 24.77 30.92 1.64 1.17 0.19 0.34 0.03 0.25 0.73 1.25 0.23 5.82 0.31 0.60 0.29 0.12 1.60 2.92 0.15 0.35 2.57 1.41 0.14 0.63 0.16 0.45 1.20 0.04 0.12 1.56 1.87 2.77 1.11 20.37 0.34 0.70 0.47 15.43 0.83 1.66 0.21 19.63 5.49 0.23 0.09 0.63 0.71 1.21 3.40 2.30 0.73 14.79 1.08 1.82 0.04 0.16 1.05 4.14 1.27 0.77 5.43 0.09 2.01 1.55 4.44 1.51 0.16 1.32 0.13 0.32 1.89 – 0.64 1.75 0.32 0.31 23.92 119.59 56.66 62.93 16.53 3.75 2.80 25.45 32.01 1.66 1.38 0.19 0.38 0.03 0.24 0.73 1.16 0.25 6.02 0.30 0.60 0.29 0.11 1.63 3.06 0.13 0.33 2.40 1.41 0.14 0.63 0.16 0.41 1.09 0.04 0.13 1.58 1.72 2.75 1.07 19.96 0.34 0.69 0.49 15.30 0.70 1.66 0.17 19.34 5.54 0.25 0.24 0.64 0.78 1.28 3.42 2.33 0.76 15.24 1.16 1.78 0.04 0.15 1.07 4.20 1.34 0.79 6.19 0.09 1.76 1.60 4.45 1.60 0.17 1.28 0.12 0.36 1.98 – 0.65 1.76 0.34 0.31 24.79 121.56 57.85 63.71 16.23 3.95 2.84 26.00 32.79 1.66 1.46 0.16 0.41 0.03 0.27 0.74 1.22 0.26 6.21 0.27 0.52 0.26 0.10 1.36 2.66 0.10 0.29 2.12 1.24 0.15 0.61 0.15 0.39 0.99 0.03 0.11 1.68 1.45 2.52 0.98 18.00 0.35 0.69 0.54 15.20 0.72 1.75 0.19 19.44 6.24 0.27 0.26 0.64 0.77 1.39 3.50 2.28 0.75 16.11 1.30 1.66 0.04 0.15 1.16 4.32 1.44 0.83 6.78 0.09 1.75 1.59 4.49 1.61 0.19 1.26 0.13 0.37 1.80 – 0.68 1.80 0.35 0.36 25.52 122.38 56.95 65.43 14.45 3.95 2.91 26.77 33.63 1.68 1.55 0.17 0.40 0.03 0.28 0.71 1.33 0.26 6.40 0.29 0.57 0.27 0.08 1.47 2.77 0.11 0.31 2.32 1.23 0.16 0.62 0.17 0.37 1.03 0.03 0.12 1.65 1.15 2.59 1.01 18.33 0.40 0.64 0.55 14.71 0.91 1.67 0.19 19.08 6.62 0.26 0.29 0.73 0.83 1.53 3.57 2.58 0.81 17.22 1.37 1.66 0.04 0.16 1.41 4.62 1.52 0.93 7.01 0.11 1.72 1.65 4.27 1.69 0.18 1.32 0.12 0.42 1.64 – 0.73 1.83 0.37 0.43 25.93 125.21 58.14 67.07 15.07 3.82 2.99 26.97 33.78 1.74 1.34 0.21 0.44 0.03 0.31 0.61 1.34 0.26 6.27 0.30 0.58 0.29 0.07 1.60 3.06 0.14 0.34 2.43 1.27 0.16 0.66 0.18 0.38 1.05 0.04 0.13 1.60 1.13 2.90 1.04 19.35 0.39 0.64 0.57 15.14 0.90 1.56 0.19 19.40 7.07 0.36 0.33 0.76 0.82 1.45 3.79 2.62 0.83 18.03 1.39 1.78 0.04 0.16 1.38 4.75 1.50 0.95 7.54 0.11 1.83 1.61 4.19 1.62 0.17 1.39 0.14 0.43 1.72 – 0.75 1.82 0.37 0.41 26.55 128.12 59.37 68.76 16.16 3.94 3.10 26.64 33.67 1.74 1.35 0.20 0.45 0.03 0.27 0.66 1.39 0.26 6.35 0.33 0.59 0.30 0.07 1.61 3.16 0.17 0.36 2.58 1.30 0.17 0.69 0.23 0.41 1.14 0.03 0.13 1.86 1.09 2.83 1.09 20.12 0.38 0.66 0.60 15.52 0.89 1.55 0.18 19.79 7.53 0.41 0.36 0.76 0.84 1.44 3.93 2.69 0.85 18.80 1.42 2.01 0.04 0.16 1.41 5.04 1.48 0.96 8.66 0.11 1.93 1.56 4.21 1.62 0.18 1.47 0.14 0.44 1.79 – 0.84 1.80 0.34 0.41 27.94 131.71 60.10 71.61 16.70 4.26 3.15 29.52 36.93 1.75 1.29 0.23 0.48 0.03 0.29 0.63 1.14 0.29 6.12 0.31 0.61 0.29 0.08 1.54 3.09 0.17 0.35 2.49 1.27 0.16 0.72 0.21 0.42 1.13 0.04 0.12 1.70 1.10 2.85 1.09 19.73 0.39 0.70 0.68 16.36 1.02 1.60 0.21 20.96 8.07 0.53 0.38 0.76 0.90 1.49 4.04 2.68 0.81 19.65 1.56 2.15 0.04 0.16 1.45 5.36 1.49 0.99 10.19 0.11 2.09 1.60 4.17 1.48 0.16 1.57 0.15 0.44 2.08 – 0.85 1.80 0.35 0.41 29.92 138.66 63.24 75.42 16.46 4.33 3.26 30.48 38.07 1.71 1.29 0.23 0.48 0.02 0.30 0.63 0.95 0.33 5.95 0.32 0.63 0.30 0.07 1.56 3.19 0.19 0.35 2.55 1.33 0.16 0.73 0.22 0.39 1.30 0.04 0.12 1.56 1.02 2.84 1.08 19.95 0.42 0.69 0.64 16.00 1.14 1.56 0.20 20.65 8.05 0.72 0.39 0.85 0.90 1.48 4.09 2.74 0.89 20.10 1.63 2.12 0.04 0.15 1.46 5.40 1.93 1.24 11.06 0.11 2.15 1.58 3.89 1.52 0.17 1.64 0.15 0.46 2.01 – 0.84 1.83 0.35 0.37 31.32 141.45 64.84 76.61 16.90 1.7% 3.5% 3.3% 3.1% -2.5% -0.2% 1.1% 1.8% -10.6% 3.7% 1.0% -16.3% 14.7% -2.7% 2.5% 3.0% 4.3% -3.8% 1.7% 3.3% 9.0% 2.0% 2.3% 4.2% 0.2% 2.3% 5.7% -5.9% 14.8% 3.2% 2.4% -8.5% -7.7% -0.5% -0.4% 1.1% 9.0% -0.3% -5.8% -2.2% 11.1% -2.2% -6.0% -1.5% -0.2% 36.5% 2.4% 11.2% 0.1% -0.7% 1.4% 2.2% 9.9% 2.3% 4.2% -1.1% -5.2% -4.2% 0.9% 0.9% 29.7% 25.3% 8.6% 3.3% 2.7% -1.6% -6.6% 3.1% 8.9% 4.8% -0.2% 3.7% -3.2% n/a -1.7% 1.6% 2.0% -8.9% 4.7% 2.0% 2.5% 1.6% 2.7% 2008-18 Share 2019 2.8% 3.1% 3.9% 2.3% 2.7% 21.5% 2.8% 26.9% 1.2% 1.2% 3.4% 0.9% 8.8% 0.2% 6.1% 0.3% ◆ 3.6% 9.4% 0.2% -1.0% 0.4% -1.0% 0.7% 5.4% 0.2% 1.9% 4.2% -0.4% 0.2% -0.3% 0.4% -0.4% 0.2% -6.7% 0.1% -0.8% 1.1% -0.4% 2.3% 1.5% 0.1% -2.4% 0.2% -1.5% 1.8% -1.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 2.4% 0.5% 1.9% 0.2% -2.0% 0.3% -2.5% 0.9% ◆ 1.7% 0.2% 0.1% 3.0% 1.1% -6.9% 0.7% -2.1% 2.0% -1.2% 0.8% -1.3% 14.1% 0.8% 0.3% -0.3% 0.5% 6.0% 0.5% 0.7% 11.3% 13.7% 0.8% 0.1% 1.1% -0.1% 0.1% 1.1% 14.6% 5.9% 5.7% 8.5% 0.5% 11.3% 0.3% 5.8% 0.6% 6.5% 0.6% 7.2% 1.0% 3.9% 2.9% 2.5% 1.9% 0.9% 0.6% 4.9% 14.2% 5.9% 1.2% 4.2% 1.5% ◆ 5.8% 1.3% 0.1% 4.3% 1.0% 4.6% 3.8% 3.8% 1.4% 5.3% 0.9% 13.2% 7.8% 0.1% 0.1% 3.8% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 1.6% 2.8% -0.6% 1.1% 1.2% 0.1% 2.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.1% 3.5% 0.3% 4.5% 1.4% n/a n/a 6.4% 0.6% 3.1% 1.3% 2.9% 0.3% 5.9% 0.3% 5.1% 22.1% 2.5% 100.0% 1.6% 45.8% 3.3% 54.2% -1.2% 12.0% Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service. *E xcludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in gas-to-liquids transformation. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Notes: The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. Annual changes and share of total are calculated using exajoules figures. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 37 Natural gas: Production by region Natural gas: Consumption by region Billion cubic metres Billion cubic metres Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS Europe S. & Cent. America North America 94 99 04 09 14 19 4000 4000 3500 3500 3000 3000 2500 2500 2000 2000 1500 1500 1000 1000 500 500 0 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 Natural gas consumption increased by 78 billion cubic metres (bcm), or 2%, well below the strong growth seen in 2018 (5.3%). Growth was driven by the US (27 bcm) and China (24 bcm), while Russia and Japan saw the largest declines (10 and 8 bcm respectively). Gas production grew by 132 bcm (3.4%), with the US accounting for almost two-thirds of this increase (85 bcm). Australia (23 bcm) and China (16 bcm) were also key contributors to growth. Natural gas: Consumption per capita 2019 GJ per capita 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 > 80 38 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Prices LNG Japan CIF1 US dollars per million Btu 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Japan Korea Marker (JKM)2 3.28 3.64 3.99 3.62 3.52 3.18 3.46 3.66 3.91 3.05 3.14 4.72 4.64 4.27 4.77 5.18 6.05 7.14 7.73 12.55 9.06 10.91 14.73 16.75 16.17 16.33 10.31 6.94 8.10 10.05 9.94 Average German UK Import Price3 (Heren NBP Index)4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.28 7.72 14.02 15.12 16.56 13.86 7.45 5.72 7.13 9.76 5.49 2.00 2.78 3.23 2.70 2.51 2.35 2.43 2.50 2.66 2.33 1.86 2.91 3.67 3.21 4.06 4.30 5.83 7.87 7.99 11.60 8.53 8.03 10.49 10.93 10.73 9.11 6.72 4.93 5.62 6.62 5.25 Natural gas Netherlands TTF (DA Heren Index)4 US Henry Hub5 Canada (Alberta)5 Crude oil OECD countries CIF6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.07 7.46 5.93 10.66 4.96 6.77 9.26 9.45 9.75 8.14 6.44 4.54 5.72 7.90 4.45 1.70 1.64 1.49 1.77 2.12 1.92 1.69 2.76 2.53 2.08 2.27 4.23 4.07 3.33 5.63 5.85 8.79 6.76 6.95 8.85 3.89 4.39 4.01 2.76 3.71 4.35 2.60 2.46 2.96 3.13 2.53 – 1.05 0.89 0.98 1.69 1.45 0.89 1.12 1.36 1.42 2.00 3.75 3.61 2.57 4.83 5.03 7.25 5.83 6.17 7.99 3.38 3.69 3.47 2.27 2.93 3.87 2.01 1.55 1.60 1.12 1.27 3.01 3.82 3.33 3.19 2.82 2.70 2.96 3.54 3.29 2.16 2.98 4.83 4.08 4.17 4.89 6.27 8.74 10.66 11.95 16.76 10.41 13.47 18.55 18.82 18.25 16.80 8.77 7.04 8.97 11.68 10.82 – – – – – – – 1.87 1.96 1.86 1.58 2.71 3.17 2.37 3.33 4.46 7.38 7.87 6.01 10.79 4.85 6.56 9.04 9.46 10.64 8.25 6.53 4.69 5.80 8.06 4.47 Source: . EDMC Energy Trend. Source: S&P Global Platts ©2020, S&P Global Inc. Source: 1986-1990 German Federal Statistical Office, 1991-2019 German Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). 4 Source: ICIS Heren Energy Ltd. 5 Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Natural Gas Week. 6 Source: ©OECD/IEA 2020, Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics www.iea.org/statistics. 1 2 3 Note: CIF = cost+insurance+freight (average prices). Prices $/mmBtu 18 US Henry Hub Average German Import Price UK NBP Netherlands TTF Index Japan LNG CIF Japan Korea Marker (JKM) 15 12 9 6 3 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 19 0 39 Natural gas: Inter-regional trade Growth rate per annum Billion cubic metres US Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports* Total exports Other North America Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports* Total exports Brazil Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports LNG exports* Total exports Other S. & Cent. America LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports* Total exports Europe Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports LNG exports* Total exports Russia Pipeline imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports Total exports Other CIS Pipeline imports Total imports Pipeline exports Total exports Middle East Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports Total exports Africa LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports Total exports China Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports LNG exports* Total exports India LNG imports Total imports LNG exports* Total exports OECD Asia Pipeline imports LNG imports Total imports LNG exports* Total exports Other Asia LNG imports Total imports Pipeline exports LNG exports* Total exports Total World Inter-regional pipeline trade LNG trade Total trade 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 Share 2019 89.9 12.6 102.5 28.3 0.8 29.1 90.2 12.1 102.3 29.2 1.5 30.7 85.0 9.9 94.9 39.1 1.8 40.9 80.8 4.9 85.6 45.3 0.8 46.1 75.9 2.7 78.6 42.5 0.2 42.7 71.9 1.7 73.5 40.4 0.4 40.8 71.6 2.5 74.1 47.2 0.7 47.9 79.5 2.4 82.0 58.7 4.0 62.7 80.8 2.2 83.0 66.1 17.1 83.2 76.6 2.1 78.8 67.8 28.6 96.3 73.3 1.5 74.8 75.4 47.5 122.9 -4.4% -30.9% -5.1% 11.3% 66.3% 27.6% -2.5% -14.2% -3.2% 10.4% 39.7% 13.9% 7.4% 0.1% 7.6% 7.7% 4.8% 12.5% 28.3 4.7 33.1 89.9 – 89.9 29.2 8.1 37.3 90.2 – 90.2 39.1 7.0 46.1 85.0 0.1 85.1 45.3 6.5 51.7 80.8 – 80.8 42.5 8.8 51.3 75.9 – 75.9 40.4 9.8 50.2 71.9 † 71.9 47.2 7.4 54.7 71.6 † 71.6 58.7 5.9 64.5 79.5 † 79.6 66.1 7.0 73.1 80.8 † 80.8 67.8 7.5 75.2 76.6 0.1 76.7 75.4 7.1 82.5 73.3 † 73.3 11.3% -5.1% 9.7% -4.4% -77.2% -4.4% 10.4% 7.1% 10.0% -2.5% n/a -2.5% 7.7% 0.7% 8.4% 7.4% 7.7 0.4 8.1 – – 9.3 2.8 12.1 – – 9.3 0.7 9.9 – – 9.5 3.5 13.0 0.5 0.5 11.0 5.2 16.3 0.1 0.1 11.4 7.1 18.5 0.2 0.2 11.2 6.8 18.0 † † 9.8 2.6 12.4 0.6 0.6 8.4 1.7 10.1 0.2 0.2 7.6 2.9 10.5 0.1 0.1 6.4 3.2 9.7 – – -15.8% 12.2% -8.2% -100.0% -100.0% -3.3% n/a -0.2% n/a n/a 0.7% 0.3% 1.0% – – 3.1 3.1 7.7 19.5 27.1 6.4 6.4 9.3 21.4 30.7 9.3 9.3 9.3 23.4 32.7 11.1 11.1 9.5 23.4 32.9 12.9 12.9 11.0 24.1 35.1 12.5 12.5 11.4 23.3 34.7 12.1 12.1 11.2 21.4 32.6 12.6 12.6 9.8 19.9 29.7 11.7 11.7 8.4 19.1 27.5 11.6 11.6 7.6 21.4 29.0 9.9 9.9 6.4 22.3 28.7 -14.9% -14.9% -15.8% 4.4% -0.9% 20.7% 20.7% -3.3% 1.6% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 2.3% 2.9% 218.3 70.5 288.8 3.4 3.4 224.8 89.1 313.9 5.1 5.1 234.4 89.2 323.6 6.1 6.1 228.5 68.2 296.7 8.1 8.1 234.1 51.8 285.8 9.0 9.0 209.4 52.1 261.4 13.0 13.0 214.9 56.0 270.9 11.0 11.0 230.6 56.4 287.0 10.6 10.6 247.2 64.7 311.9 8.0 8.0 246.2 71.3 317.5 11.8 11.8 233.5 119.8 353.3 8.6 8.6 -5.2% 68.1% 11.3% -26.7% -26.7% -1.1% 2.2% -0.5% 16.5% 16.5% 23.7% 12.2% 35.9% 0.9% 0.9% 38.5 38.5 189.6 6.8 196.5 33.4 33.4 194.0 13.5 207.5 41.2 41.2 210.6 14.3 224.9 39.7 39.7 201.5 14.3 215.8 32.9 32.9 210.7 14.5 225.2 33.1 33.1 189.6 13.6 203.2 26.5 26.5 194.2 14.6 208.8 24.3 24.3 202.0 14.6 216.7 28.6 28.6 219.7 15.4 235.2 23.5 23.5 221.3 24.9 246.2 26.8 26.8 217.2 39.4 256.6 14.2% 14.2% -1.8% 57.9% 4.2% -10.9% -10.9% -1.3% n/a -0.2% 2.7% 2.7% 22.1% 4.0% 26.1% 22.7 22.7 51.5 51.5 26.5 26.5 51.1 51.1 25.4 25.4 71.8 71.8 25.2 25.2 69.7 69.7 24.0 24.0 69.5 69.5 26.3 26.3 75.4 75.4 25.4 25.4 72.6 72.6 26.3 26.3 72.8 72.8 28.8 28.8 78.0 78.0 30.3 30.3 79.7 79.7 29.2 29.2 81.3 81.3 -3.5% -3.5% 2.0% 2.0% 1.8% 1.8% -0.3% -0.3% 3.0% 3.0% 8.3% 8.3% 9.1 0.9 10.1 5.5 71.8 77.3 13.4 3.0 16.4 8.2 103.8 112.0 13.0 4.4 17.4 9.1 128.7 137.9 5.3 4.2 9.4 9.0 130.3 139.3 6.3 4.3 10.6 8.9 135.2 144.2 7.6 5.3 12.9 9.3 132.2 141.5 9.6 9.8 19.4 8.1 125.4 133.5 7.3 13.7 21.1 8.0 126.0 133.9 4.6 13.0 17.7 11.0 122.3 133.2 2.2 9.4 11.5 8.7 125.9 134.6 1.8 9.5 11.3 7.8 128.8 136.6 -18.6% 1.6% -2.2% -10.5% 2.3% 1.4% -14.7% n/a 0.8% 8.3% 7.6% 7.6% 0.2% 1.0% 1.1% 0.8% 13.1% 13.9% – – 42.0 56.0 98.0 – – 48.2 58.8 106.9 – – 36.1 56.4 92.4 – – 39.3 54.2 93.5 – – 34.4 47.0 81.4 – – 29.4 49.5 78.8 3.9 3.9 30.1 48.5 78.6 10.7 10.7 38.7 46.2 84.9 8.3 8.3 37.2 55.7 92.9 3.2 3.2 37.5 53.6 91.1 – – 28.3 61.2 89.5 -100.0% -100.0% -24.4% 14.2% -1.7% n/a n/a -2.6% -1.7% -2.1% – – 2.9% 6.2% 9.1% – 8.0 8.0 – – 3.4 13.0 16.4 – – 13.6 16.9 30.5 – – 20.8 20.1 40.8 – – 26.4 25.1 51.5 – – 30.3 27.3 57.5 – – 32.4 27.0 59.4 – – 36.8 36.8 73.5 – – 39.9 52.9 92.8 – – 47.9 73.5 121.3 – – 47.7 84.8 132.5 0.1 0.1 -0.3% 15.4% 9.2% n/a n/a n/a 31.8% 38.6% n/a n/a 4.8% 8.6% 13.5% 13.0 13.0 – – 11.5 11.5 – – 17.4 17.4 – – 18.4 18.4 – – 18.0 18.0 – – 19.1 19.1 – – 20.0 20.0 0.4 0.4 24.3 24.3 0.1 0.1 26.1 26.1 0.1 0.1 30.6 30.6 – – 32.9 32.9 0.1 0.1 7.4% 7.4% n/a n/a 10.5% 10.5% n/a n/a 3.3% 3.3% 6.0 124.2 130.2 25.1 25.1 5.5 141.4 146.8 25.8 25.8 5.9 156.3 162.2 26.0 26.0 5.4 169.6 174.9 28.3 28.3 6.3 175.7 182.1 30.6 30.6 5.9 173.6 179.5 32.2 32.2 6.7 161.6 168.4 40.1 40.1 6.5 159.9 166.4 60.5 60.5 5.8 165.4 171.2 76.8 76.8 5.9 173.2 179.1 91.9 91.9 5.2 161.1 166.3 104.7 104.7 -11.8% -7.0% -7.1% 13.9% 13.9% -0.1% 2.6% 2.5% 16.0% 16.0% 0.5% 16.4% 16.9% 10.6% 10.6% 12.4 12.4 6.0 66.3 72.3 15.0 15.0 5.5 72.5 77.9 17.3 17.3 5.9 71.5 77.4 18.5 18.5 5.4 65.0 70.3 22.4 22.4 6.5 66.2 72.7 25.2 25.2 8.8 69.3 78.1 29.8 29.8 10.5 75.0 85.5 33.0 33.0 10.2 75.8 86.0 40.2 40.2 9.0 78.5 87.6 45.5 45.5 8.7 72.4 81.1 55.3 55.3 9.6 72.4 81.9 21.7% 21.7% 9.7% 13.7% 13.7% 3.9% 0.7% 1.0% 5.6% 5.6% 1.0% 7.4% 8.3% 420.5 249.7 670.3 435.6 302.4 738.0 466.9 328.3 795.2 460.3 324.9 785.2 459.5 326.8 786.4 436.1 333.6 769.7 445.6 337.1 782.7 479.7 358.3 838.0 510.3 393.3 903.6 507.9 430.6 938.5 499.4 485.1 984.4 -1.7% 12.7% 4.9% ◆ 1.0% ◆ 7.4% ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ -0.4% 50.7% 6.2% 49.3% 2.1% 100.0% *LNG exports include re-exports. Pipeline trade excludes intra-regional trade. †Less than 0.05. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Note: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar) and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3. 40 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Natural gas: LNG imports Growth rate per annum Billion cubic metres Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Belgium France Italy Spain Turkey United Kingdom Other EU Rest of Europe Total Europe Egypt Kuwait United Arab Emirates Other Middle East & Africa Total Middle East & Africa China India Japan Malaysia Pakistan Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total LNG imports Gross LNG trade †Less than 0.05. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 1.0 3.7 12.6 17.3 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.4 3.5 6.8 13.3 3.0 27.5 6.0 10.1 3.7 – 70.5 – 0.9 – – 0.9 8.0 13.0 88.9 – – – 35.3 12.4 – – 157.5 249.7 2.0 6.1 12.1 20.2 1.9 2.8 3.1 1.4 9.2 6.5 14.7 9.3 28.2 7.8 18.8 3.9 † 89.1 – 2.8 0.2 – 3.0 13.0 11.5 96.4 – – – 45.0 15.0 – – 180.9 302.4 3.2 3.8 9.9 16.8 3.7 0.7 3.7 1.9 9.9 6.3 14.4 9.1 23.9 5.9 24.7 4.9 – 89.2 – 3.0 1.4 – 4.4 16.9 17.4 108.6 – – – 47.7 16.3 1.1 – 207.9 328.3 1.6 4.9 4.9 11.4 4.7 3.5 4.0 2.4 14.6 4.1 9.8 7.1 21.4 7.6 13.9 4.4 † 68.2 – 2.8 1.4 – 4.2 20.1 18.4 119.8 – – – 49.7 17.1 1.4 0.1 226.6 324.9 1.0 7.8 2.7 11.4 6.3 5.2 3.8 2.8 18.1 3.1 8.3 5.8 15.7 5.9 9.2 3.7 – 51.8 – 2.3 1.6 0.5 4.3 25.1 18.0 120.4 2.0 – 1.3 55.3 17.2 2.0 – 241.2 326.8 0.5 9.3 1.7 11.5 6.2 7.1 3.5 2.8 19.6 2.9 6.9 4.5 16.2 7.1 11.2 3.3 † 52.1 – 3.6 1.6 0.1 5.3 27.3 19.1 121.8 2.2 – 2.6 51.8 18.6 1.9 – 245.2 333.6 0.6 6.8 2.5 10.0 5.6 6.8 3.7 2.8 18.9 3.6 6.4 5.9 13.7 7.5 13.7 5.2 – 56.0 3.9 4.3 2.9 2.7 13.7 27.0 20.0 115.9 2.2 1.5 3.0 45.8 19.6 3.6 – 238.5 337.1 0.3 5.6 2.4 8.3 5.1 2.6 4.5 3.0 15.2 2.4 9.1 5.9 13.8 7.6 10.7 6.9 † 56.4 10.7 4.7 4.2 4.8 24.5 36.8 24.3 113.6 1.5 4.0 3.2 46.3 20.4 3.9 – 253.9 358.3 0.4 6.6 2.2 9.2 4.6 1.7 4.4 2.8 13.5 1.3 10.9 8.2 16.6 10.9 6.6 10.2 0.1 64.7 8.3 4.8 3.0 5.3 21.4 52.9 26.1 113.9 2.0 6.1 4.1 51.4 22.7 5.2 – 284.6 393.3 0.6 6.9 2.1 9.6 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.7 14.5 3.3 12.7 8.2 15.0 11.4 7.2 13.4 † 71.3 3.2 4.3 1.0 4.0 12.5 73.5 30.6 113.0 1.8 9.4 4.5 60.2 22.9 6.0 0.8 322.7 430.6 0.5 6.6 1.5 8.6 1.7 3.2 3.3 4.8 13.1 7.2 22.9 13.5 21.9 12.9 18.0 23.4 † 119.8 – 5.1 1.6 2.8 9.5 84.8 32.9 105.5 3.3 11.8 5.0 55.6 22.8 6.7 5.7 334.1 485.1 -13.2% -4.4% -30.9% -10.8% -51.9% 12.2% -22.2% 29.5% -9.5% 117.9% 79.8% 64.2% 46.0% 12.4% 151.9% 74.7% 26.8% 68.1% -100.0% 19.0% 55.0% -30.9% -24.1% 15.4% 7.4% -6.6% 85.7% 25.6% 10.1% -7.6% -0.5% 11.5% 576.6% 3.5% 12.7% ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Share 2019 n/a 0.1% 6.2% 1.4% -14.2% 0.3% -3.4% 1.8% 23.7% 0.4% n/a 0.7% n/a 0.7% 10.7% 1.0% 23.4% 2.7% 0.9% 1.5% -0.1% 4.7% 17.5% 2.8% -6.6% 4.5% 7.5% 2.7% 24.3% 3.7% 13.6% 4.8% ◆ n/a 2.2% 24.7% n/a – n/a 1.1% n/a 0.3% n/a 0.6% n/a 2.0% 31.8% 17.5% 10.5% 6.8% 1.7% 21.7% n/a 0.7% n/a 2.4% n/a 1.0% 4.6% 11.5% 6.2% 4.7% n/a 1.4% n/a 1.2% 7.1% 68.9% 6.2% 100.0% Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS. LNG imports by source: Europe LNG imports by source: Japan Billion cubic metres Billion cubic metres Algeria Qatar Algeria Nigeria Qatar US Nigeria Russia US Others Russia Others 2008-18 140 140 120 120 100 100 80 140 Australia Qatar Australia Malaysia Qatar Indonesia Malaysia Russia Indonesia Others Russia Others 140 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 80 60 60 40 60 40 40 20 40 20 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 LNG imports by source: China Billion cubic metres Australia Qatar Australia Malaysia Qatar Indonesia Malaysia US Indonesia Others US Others 90 80 90 70 80 60 70 50 60 LNG imports by source: South Korea Billion cubic metres Australia Qatar Australia Malaysia Qatar Indonesia Malaysia US Indonesia Others US Others 90 80 90 70 80 60 70 50 60 40 50 40 50 30 40 30 40 20 30 20 30 10 20 10 20 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 41 Natural gas: LNG exports Growth rate per annum 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 0.8 – 19.5 – 20.3 6.8 3.1 0.2 10.2 11.8 51.8 7.8 0.4 71.8 21.4 – 13.1 16.1 5.4 56.0 25.1 9.0 26.9 30.4 – – 91.5 249.7 1.5 1.9 19.6 – 22.9 13.5 4.6 0.5 18.6 11.7 77.8 8.7 5.5 103.8 19.5 – 10.0 24.1 5.3 58.8 25.8 9.0 32.4 31.0 – – 98.3 302.4 1.8 5.2 18.2 0.1 25.2 14.3 4.4 1.7 20.4 11.0 100.7 8.3 8.8 128.7 16.7 – 9.0 25.7 5.0 56.4 26.0 9.6 28.7 33.2 – – 97.5 328.3 0.8 5.1 18.3 0.5 24.7 14.3 4.6 3.6 22.4 11.1 104.0 8.1 7.1 130.3 14.9 – 6.9 27.9 4.6 54.2 28.3 9.2 24.4 31.4 – – 93.3 324.9 0.2 5.7 18.4 0.1 24.3 14.5 3.8 5.2 23.5 11.5 105.8 7.9 9.9 135.2 15.0 0.4 3.9 22.5 5.2 47.0 30.5 9.5 23.1 33.6 – 0.1 96.8 326.8 0.4 5.7 17.6 0.2 23.9 13.6 4.6 8.4 26.6 10.6 103.6 8.6 9.4 132.2 17.4 0.4 0.4 26.1 5.0 49.5 32.0 8.6 21.7 34.0 5.0 0.2 101.5 333.6 0.7 5.0 16.4 † 22.1 14.6 5.6 5.4 25.6 10.2 105.6 7.6 1.9 125.4 16.6 – – 26.9 5.0 48.5 39.9 8.7 21.6 34.3 10.1 0.8 115.5 337.1 4.0 5.5 14.3 0.6 24.5 14.6 6.1 4.5 25.3 11.0 107.3 7.7 – 126.0 15.5 0.9 0.8 24.6 4.4 46.2 60.4 8.6 22.4 33.6 10.9 0.5 136.4 358.3 17.1 5.5 13.5 0.3 36.5 15.4 5.4 2.5 23.4 11.4 103.6 7.3 – 122.3 16.4 5.0 1.2 28.2 4.9 55.7 76.6 9.1 21.7 36.1 11.1 0.8 155.4 393.3 28.6 4.8 16.6 0.1 50.1 24.9 6.8 5.0 36.7 13.6 104.9 7.4 – 125.9 13.1 5.2 2.0 27.9 5.5 53.6 91.8 8.5 20.8 33.0 9.5 0.6 164.3 430.6 47.5 5.2 17.0 0.1 69.8 39.4 6.6 2.0 48.0 14.1 107.1 7.7 – 128.8 16.6 5.8 4.5 28.8 5.5 61.2 104.7 8.8 16.5 35.1 11.6 0.5 177.3 485.1 66.3% 8.6% 2.6% -14.5% 39.5% 57.9% -2.1% -59.9% 30.8% 3.6% 2.0% 3.5% n/a 2.3% 26.4% 11.7% 129.8% 3.3% 0.9% 14.2% 14.0% 3.0% -20.8% 6.5% 22.2% -12.7% 7.9% 12.7% Billion cubic metres US Peru Trinidad & Tobago Other Americas* Total Americas Russia Norway Other Europe* Total Europe & CIS Oman Qatar United Arab Emirates Yemen Total Middle East Algeria Angola Egypt Nigeria Other Africa Total Africa Australia Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Papua New Guinea Other Asia Pacific* Total Asia Pacific Total LNG exports Gross LNG trade. *Largely consists of re-exports. than 0.05%. †Less than 0.05. n/a not available. 2008-18 Share 2019 39.7% 9.8% n/a 1.1% -0.9% 3.5% ◆ n/a 10.0% 14.4% n/a 8.1% 12.2% 1.4% 28.5% 0.4% 30.6% 9.9% 1.9% 2.9% 9.8% 22.1% -1.2% 1.6% n/a – 7.6% 26.5% -5.0% 3.4% n/a 1.2% -17.8% 0.9% 2.1% 5.9% 0.5% 1.1% -1.7% 12.6% 16.0% 21.6% -1.0% 1.8% -2.9% 3.4% 0.8% 7.2% n/a 2.4% n/a 0.1% 6.4% 36.5% 6.2% 100.0% Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS. ◆Less Natural gas: Trade movements 2019 as LNG* *Includes re-exports. †Less than 0.05. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.1 – 0.1 39.8 1.4 41.0 2.1 – 2.4 10.6 6.0 1.1 0.1 104.6 104.7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.8 – 5.9 1.0 – – 0.8 0.3 – – 8.8 8.8 – 0.3 – 0.3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.2 – 5.7 – – 0.2 3.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 16.2 16.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10.0 0.5 12.8 – 0.1 † 6.6 3.4 1.7 0.2 35.1 35.1 O th Pac er A sia ific* Tot impal or t s Ma nes Indo nei a Bru – 0.5 – 0.5 † 0.3 0.2 – 0.5 – – 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 – – 0.7 – – – – – 1.5 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 – – 3.9 5.5 trali – 1.3 0.1 1.4 – 0.3 – 0.1 0.4 – 4.4 0.1 4.3 2.5 0.3 4.2 – 15.8 – 0.6 0.2 – 0.8 2.6 3.6 1.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.9 0.3 – 0.4 10.5 28.8 Aus – – – – – – – † † – 0.4 0.5 – 0.5 – 0.3 – 1.7 – 0.1 0.1 – 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 – 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.7 4.5 er A 0.1 – – 0.1 – 0.1 – – 0.1 0.1 0.4 – 0.3 – 0.1 0.3 – 1.2 – 0.2 0.2 – 0.4 0.2 3.7 – – – 0.1 – – 0.1 – 4.1 5.8 O th eria Nig pt Eg y ola A ng eria A lg – – – – – – – – – – 3.6 2.9 1.1 5.8 1.0 0.8 – 15.2 – 0.1 – – 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 – 0.4 – – – – 0.4 1.2 16.6 ia a – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – fric – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.2 3.6 3.0 – 0.6 – 0.3 0.1 – – 7.7 7.7 en ar – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4.6 – 1.9 – 6.4 – 4.4 – 2.5 – 8.8 – 3.5 – – – 32.2 – – 1.0 2.7 0.1 – 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.8 1.5 11.4 1.3 13.2 3.9 11.9 – – 0.3 7.2 – 0.1 5.4 15.3 0.2 6.4 0.2 2.6 0.1 3.8 12.8 72.0 14.1 107.1 Yem – – – – – – – 0.2 0.2 2.1 6.9 – 3.2 – 3.1 5.1 – 20.5 – – 0.2 0.6 0.8 3.4 0.3 8.7 – – – 3.1 2.0 0.1 0.3 17.9 39.4 Unit Em e d A r a irate b s – – 0.1 0.1 – – – – – – † 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 † 0.6 – – 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 – – – – – – – 0.2 1.1 2.0 Q at – – – – – 0.3 – 0.3 0.6 – 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.3 3.1 – 5.9 – – – – – 0.1 0.1 – – – – – – – – 0.2 6.6 – – † † – 0.1 – – 0.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – † – – – – – – – – – † 0.1 an 0.5 0.6 1.3 2.4 0.7 0.7 0.9 3.3 5.5 – 0.3 1.5 2.8 0.2 0.8 0.5 – 6.1 – 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.2 – – – 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 – 1.8 17.0 Om O th er E u ro pe* Rus Fed sian er at ion N or Canada † Mexico 3.9 US – North America 3.9 Argentina 1.0 Brazil 1.5 Chile 2.3 Other S. & Cent. America 1.0 S. & Cent. America 5.8 Belgium 0.3 France 3.1 Italy 1.6 Spain 4.5 Turkey 1.2 United Kingdom 2.9 Other EU 4.7 Rest of Europe – Europe 18.3 – Egypt 0.3 Kuwait 0.6 United Arab Emirates Other Middle East & Africa 0.9 1.7 Middle East & Africa 0.4 China 2.6 India 5.0 Japan 0.1 Malaysia 0.7 Pakistan 0.8 Singapore 7.2 South Korea 0.7 Taiwan 0.2 Thailand 0.1 Other Asia Pacific Asia Pacific 17.8 Total exports 47.5 w ay Trin Tob idad & ago O th A m er eric as* – – – – – – – – – – 0.4 – 0.5 – 0.3 0.5 – 1.7 – – – – – 0.9 – 0.9 – – – 1.5 0.2 0.1 – 3.5 5.2 u Per US To lays ia Pap Guinua New ea From Billion cubic metres – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3.9 – 5.1 – – 0.1 0.4 2.0 – – 11.6 11.6 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0.5 6.6 1.5 8.6 1.7 3.2 3.3 4.8 13.1 7.2 22.9 13.5 21.9 12.9 18.0 23.4 † 119.8 – 5.1 1.6 2.8 9.5 84.8 32.9 105.5 3.3 11.8 5.0 55.6 22.8 6.7 5.7 334.1 485.1 Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS. Note: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and has been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3. 42 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.2 – 0.2 – 0.1 – 0.1 – – – 0.5 0.5 Major trade movements 2019 Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres) 20.5 173.4 5.9 28.9 14.6 109.1 45.4 73.2 32.2 24.6 17.8 18.3 26.8 5.2 21.4 40.4 11.2 51.7 39.7 43.0 7.4 15.2 50.8 3.9 11.8 3.4 20.9 21.5 8.0 4.5 4.4 18.2 4.0 7.8 39.8 13.1 6.2 6.0 6.7 7.1 5.3 8.9 19.3 5.8 5.5 7.4 5.2 6.4 4.9 3.8 US Canada Mexico S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa Asia Pacific Pipeline gas LNG Source: includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS. Natural gas: Trade movements 2019 by pipeline – – 73.2 73.2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 73.2 – – 0.1 0.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.1 – – – – 4.9 6.4 – 11.3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.3 – – – – – – 0.7 0.7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.2 – – – 2.0 11.2 – – – – – – 0.3 0.3 – – – – – – – – – 11.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.8 – 55.6 – 20.7 – 8.0 – – – 14.6 – – – 4.7 – 73.9 – 2.7 – 188.0 – 19.0 – 5.1 20.6 – 0.4 4.8 20.9 28.9 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.5 0.3 – – – – – – 6.5 0.3 27.5 217.2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 31.6 – – – 31.6 31.6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.1 0.1 – – – – – – – – – 0.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.4 1.4 3.8 0.8 4.6 – – – – – – 6.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.6 6.8 – 7.4 7.4 anm ar O th e r A Pac ific sia Tot impal or t s My nes Indo er A O th a – – – – – – – – – – – 5.4 – – – – – – – 5.4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.4 ia a – – – – – – – – – – – 9.7 – 11.4 – – – 0.4 – 21.4 – – – – – – – – – 5.2 5.2 – – – – – – 26.7 Liby eria A lg ar Q at – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19.5 2.0 21.5 – – – – – – – – – 21.5 fric ast – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7.4 – – – – 7.4 – – – 0.4 0.4 – 9.1 9.1 – – – – – – – – – 16.9 O th Mider dle E t an – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.8 6.2 0.4 8.4 – – – – – – – 4.9 – – – 4.9 13.2 Iran ekis Uzb enis Turk m ak h st an Rus Fed sian er at ion K az rbaij A ze u ro er E – – – – – – – – 0.9 5.8 2.9 14.2 6.7 2.8 – 11.0 0.4 37.5 8.3 90.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 90.5 an pe – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6.6 5.1 4.4 19.3 23.4 27.8 1.2 2.7 – 25.3 – 1.8 – – – – 1.6 26.6 1.0 0.4 0.1 – 38.2 109.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 38.2 109.1 O th w ay s N or land her N et via Boli US 24.6 50.8 – 75.4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 75.4 O th A m er S . & eric a C e nt . xico Me ad a Canada Mexico US North America Argentina Brazil Other S. & Cent. America S. & Cent. America Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other EU Rest of Europe Europe Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Other CIS CIS United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Middle East South Africa Other Africa Africa Australia China Malaysia Singapore Thailand Asia Pacific Total exports C an To t an From Billion cubic metres – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4.4 – – 7.1 11.5 11.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5.2 – – 1.3 – 6.5 6.5 24.6 50.8 73.3 148.7 4.9 6.4 0.7 12.0 12.6 37.2 109.6 54.1 40.0 16.0 31.3 11.0 33.2 113.2 13.0 471.3 19.0 6.9 26.8 5.9 58.5 19.5 13.0 32.5 3.8 6.0 9.8 5.2 47.7 0.6 8.1 7.1 68.7 801.5 Source: includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS. Note: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and has been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 43 Coal Total proved reserves at end 2019 Million tonnes Canada Mexico US Total North America Brazil Colombia Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Bulgaria Czech Republic Germany Greece Hungary Poland Romania Serbia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Kazakhstan Russian Federation Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa Middle East Total Middle East & Africa Australia China India Indonesia Japan Mongolia New Zealand Pakistan South Korea Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union *More than 500 years. Anthracite and bituminous Subbituminous and lignite Total 4346 1160 219534 225040 1547 4554 731 1784 8616 192 413 – – 276 21067 11 402 868 550 32039 26 1109 56953 25605 71719 1375 1509 100208 9893 502 4376 1203 15974 72571 133467 100858 28163 340 1170 825 207 326 – 3116 1333 342376 749167 324066 425101 23434 2236 51 30003 32290 5049 – – 24 5073 2174 2514 35900 2876 2633 5865 280 7112 319 10975 2336 – 5172 78156 – 90447 – – 90447 – – 66 – 66 76508 8128 5073 11728 10 1350 6750 2857 – 1063 244 726 114437 320469 177130 143339 53051 6582 1211 249537 257330 6596 4554 731 1808 13689 2366 2927 35900 2876 2909 26932 291 7514 1187 11525 34375 26 6281 135109 25605 162166 1375 1509 190655 9893 502 4442 1203 16040 149079 141595 105931 39891 350 2520 7575 3064 326 1063 3360 2059 456813 1069636 501196 568440 76485 Share of Total 0.6% 0.1% 23.3% 24.1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 1.3% 0.2% 0.3% 3.4% 0.3% 0.3% 2.5% ◆ 0.7% 0.1% 1.1% 3.2% ◆ 0.6% 12.6% 2.4% 15.2% 0.1% 0.1% 17.8% 0.9% ◆ 0.4% 0.1% 1.5% 13.9% 13.2% 9.9% 3.7% ◆ 0.2% 0.7% 0.3% ◆ 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 42.7% 100.0% 46.9% 53.1% 7.2% R/P ratio 130 108 390 367 * 55 * * 152 153 71 268 105 425 240 13 193 * 140 * 12 141 244 222 369 339 331 338 39 215 202 * 57 294 37 140 65 462 44 * 481 300 76 73 32 77 132 308 88 209 Source: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Energy Study 2020. than 0.05%. Notes: Total proved reserves of coal – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved coal reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for determining proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved reserves by country. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that rate. Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios are calculated excluding other solid fuels in reserves and production. Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using million tonnes figures. ◆Less 44 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years History 2019 by region 400 800 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS 700 Middle East & Africa Asia Pacific World 350 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East & Africa 300 600 250 500 200 400 150 300 100 200 50 100 0 Asia Pacific 99 04 09 14 19 0 World coal reserves in 2019 stood at 1070 billion tonnes and are heavily concentrated in just a few countries: US (23%), Russia (15%), Australia (14%) and China (13%). Most of the reserves are anthracite and bituminous (70%). The current global R/P ratio shows that coal reserves in 2019 accounted for 132 years of current production with North America (367 years) and CIS (338 years) the regions with the highest ratios. Distribution of proved reserves in 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage Asia Pacific North America CIS Europe Middle East & Africa S. & Cent. America 1.5 1.3 2.0 5.8 34.7 12.6 1.3 14.8 11.9 3.5 42.7 35.9 17.8 20.9 18.5 1999 Total 1058811 million tonnes 2019 Total 1069636 million tonnes 2009 Total 928238 million tonnes 24.2 26.4 24.1 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 45 Coal: Production* Growth rate per annum 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 1.39 0.25 21.67 23.32 0.13 2.09 0.10 0.02 2.34 0.19 0.87 1.94 0.34 0.07 2.36 0.27 0.31 0.16 0.73 1.35 0.46 0.65 9.71 1.82 5.93 0.04 0.04 7.83 0.03 5.85 0.05 0.03 5.92 10.16 64.39 10.30 6.32 0.03 0.28 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.20 1.03 0.81 93.74 142.89 41.04 101.86 7.02 1.48 0.31 22.09 23.88 0.11 2.14 0.08 0.01 2.35 0.21 0.87 1.92 0.31 0.07 2.32 0.25 0.30 0.14 0.73 1.35 0.48 0.66 9.60 1.99 6.32 0.04 0.04 8.39 0.03 6.03 0.07 0.04 6.15 10.49 69.72 10.56 6.79 0.02 0.48 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.21 1.05 0.87 100.44 150.82 41.85 108.97 6.93 1.48 0.39 22.27 24.15 0.11 2.47 0.08 0.02 2.68 0.26 0.88 1.96 0.31 0.07 2.33 0.28 0.33 0.11 0.75 1.52 0.48 0.66 9.94 2.08 6.60 0.05 0.05 8.77 0.03 6.00 0.07 0.05 6.11 10.26 77.53 10.50 8.72 0.03 0.63 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.25 1.09 0.93 110.16 161.84 41.92 119.92 7.05 1.49 0.31 20.72 22.52 0.12 2.56 0.06 0.02 2.76 0.23 0.85 2.00 0.34 0.07 2.42 0.27 0.31 0.10 0.71 1.64 0.44 0.59 9.96 2.16 7.05 0.04 0.05 9.31 0.03 6.14 0.04 0.18 6.36 11.13 78.44 10.68 9.52 0.03 0.59 0.13 0.06 0.04 0.20 0.98 0.96 112.76 163.70 41.14 122.56 7.03 1.51 0.30 20.05 21.86 0.15 2.46 0.04 0.07 2.72 0.20 0.74 1.89 0.28 0.07 2.39 0.19 0.32 0.07 0.65 1.60 0.33 0.69 9.43 2.15 7.25 0.05 0.06 9.51 0.03 6.08 0.08 0.21 6.38 11.97 79.32 10.71 11.71 0.03 0.64 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.96 0.98 116.71 166.64 40.95 125.69 6.58 1.50 0.30 20.33 22.14 0.15 2.55 0.02 0.12 2.85 0.21 0.71 1.85 0.27 0.07 2.26 0.19 0.24 0.07 0.68 1.09 0.31 0.66 8.60 2.05 7.39 0.05 0.06 9.55 0.03 6.20 0.16 0.24 6.59 12.81 78.05 11.28 11.30 0.03 0.47 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.19 0.96 0.99 116.29 166.05 41.86 124.19 6.29 1.35 0.29 17.99 19.63 0.12 2.46 0.02 0.10 2.70 0.25 0.71 1.79 0.24 0.06 2.22 0.20 0.30 0.05 0.54 0.72 0.23 0.60 7.90 1.93 7.80 0.05 0.06 9.84 0.03 5.96 0.12 0.25 6.33 12.80 76.43 11.77 11.39 0.03 0.46 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.16 0.97 1.06 115.24 161.68 38.84 122.84 6.05 1.37 0.25 14.70 16.33 0.11 2.60 0.01 0.08 2.81 0.21 0.67 1.66 0.17 0.06 2.18 0.18 0.30 0.03 0.65 0.76 0.11 0.56 7.55 1.85 8.12 0.05 0.07 10.09 0.04 6.01 0.07 0.32 6.41 12.83 70.82 11.89 11.25 0.03 0.67 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.18 0.90 1.33 110.08 153.30 35.19 118.11 5.55 1.32 0.31 15.66 17.29 0.09 2.60 0.01 0.05 2.76 0.24 0.64 1.65 0.19 0.05 2.08 0.19 0.30 0.05 0.63 0.57 0.08 0.57 7.25 2.02 8.62 0.05 0.08 10.77 0.04 5.97 0.08 0.59 6.64 12.50 73.17 11.99 11.38 0.03 0.94 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.17 0.90 1.14 112.41 157.16 35.66 121.50 5.47 1.18 0.28 15.40 16.85 0.10 2.42 0.01 0.05 2.58 0.22 0.62 1.58 0.18 0.05 1.98 0.17 0.28 0.04 0.69 0.59 0.07 0.82 7.28 2.13 9.23 0.05 0.10 11.51 0.03 5.99 0.10 0.74 6.83 13.06 76.58 12.80 13.76 0.02 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.16 0.98 1.39 119.98 165.06 35.67 129.39 5.28 1.11 0.26 14.30 15.68 0.12 2.37 0.01 0.03 2.54 0.20 0.57 1.27 0.13 0.06 1.87 0.16 0.29 † 0.70 0.57 0.06 0.65 6.52 2.08 9.20 0.05 0.10 11.43 0.03 6.02 0.06 0.57 6.66 13.15 79.82 12.73 15.05 0.02 1.09 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.15 1.08 1.42 124.72 167.58 33.90 133.68 4.59 -5.1% -5.4% -7.1% -7.0% 24.8% -2.2% 49.1% -27.2% -1.5% -7.6% -8.2% -20.0% -25.1% 18.1% -5.5% -8.4% 3.4% -97.4% 0.4% -2.3% -16.1% -21.1% -10.5% -2.4% -0.3% -2.9% 4.7% -0.6% – 0.4% -35.0% -22.4% -2.6% 0.7% 4.2% -0.5% 9.4% -27.1% 4.7% -5.8% 45.9% -9.4% -6.1% 10.2% 2.2% 4.0% 1.5% -5.0% 3.3% -13.2% Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Brazil Colombia Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Bulgaria Czech Republic Germany Greece Hungary Poland Romania Serbia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Kazakhstan Russian Federation Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Total Middle East South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia Japan Mongolia New Zealand Pakistan South Korea Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2008-18 Share 2019 -2.3% 0.7% -0.4% 0.2% -4.3% 8.5% -4.1% 9.4% -3.2% 0.1% 1.4% 1.4% ◆ -27.5% ◆ 12.0% 0.6% 1.5% 0.8% 0.1% -4.3% 0.3% -2.8% 0.8% -6.2% 0.1% ◆ -2.8% -2.5% 1.1% -5.2% 0.1% -1.2% 0.2% ◆ -14.4% -0.1% 0.4% -8.7% 0.3% ◆ -17.5% 2.5% 0.4% -3.4% 3.9% 0.6% 1.2% 4.0% 5.5% ◆ 1.5% 10.7% 0.1% 3.3% 6.8% ◆ -3.4% 0.2% 3.6% ◆ 9.0% 36.9% 0.3% 1.3% 4.0% 2.9% 7.8% 2.1% 47.6% 3.0% 7.6% 8.8% 9.0% ◆ -1.6% 18.4% 0.6% ◆ -4.3% 0.9% 0.1% ◆ -7.9% -2.4% 0.1% 0.6% 0.6% 4.1% 0.8% 2.9% 74.4% 1.4% 100.0% -2.0% 20.2% 2.7% 79.8% -3.4% 2.7% *Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for coal-toliquids and coal-to-gas transformations. †Less than 0.005. ◆Less than 0.05%. Coal production data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. 46 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Coal: Consumption* Growth rate per annum Exajoules Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 0.98 0.43 19.74 21.15 0.03 0.47 0.17 0.17 – 0.03 – 0.01 0.09 0.98 0.12 0.12 0.76 0.22 0.45 3.00 0.35 0.11 0.52 0.31 0.02 2.17 0.12 0.32 0.39 0.08 0.01 1.29 1.50 1.25 1.54 14.67 † 0.03 1.30 3.86 – 0.04 0.04 5.26 0.06 – 0.32 – † – † 0.01 0.01 0.40 0.02 0.03 0.11 3.93 0.14 4.23 2.36 0.05 70.58 0.30 11.76 1.39 4.27 0.44 0.07 0.21 0.25 † 2.87 † 1.51 0.63 0.47 0.69 97.84 144.53 43.14 101.39 11.21 1.04 0.53 20.88 22.45 0.05 0.61 0.19 0.20 – 0.03 – 0.01 0.10 1.19 0.14 0.16 0.79 0.28 0.48 3.23 0.33 0.11 0.57 0.32 0.03 2.31 0.07 0.29 0.29 0.12 0.01 1.32 1.60 1.29 1.60 15.34 † 0.03 1.40 3.79 – 0.04 0.04 5.30 0.05 – 0.32 † † – † 0.03 0.01 0.42 0.01 0.02 0.12 3.89 0.16 4.19 2.19 0.03 73.22 0.26 12.16 1.65 4.87 0.62 0.06 0.19 0.29 † 3.23 † 1.60 0.65 0.61 0.67 102.31 151.19 45.79 105.40 11.74 0.93 0.62 19.70 21.25 0.05 0.65 0.24 0.16 – 0.03 – 0.01 0.12 1.26 0.15 0.15 0.77 0.23 0.41 3.28 0.33 0.11 0.64 0.31 0.04 2.30 0.09 0.34 0.54 0.10 0.01 1.42 1.74 1.32 1.71 15.99 † 0.03 1.52 3.94 – 0.05 0.05 5.58 0.06 – 0.33 † † – † 0.02 0.02 0.43 0.01 0.02 0.12 3.79 0.18 4.12 2.13 0.05 79.71 0.31 12.75 1.96 4.62 0.62 0.06 0.17 0.32 † 3.50 0.01 1.67 0.66 0.73 0.56 109.83 158.46 44.95 113.51 12.07 0.88 0.54 17.42 18.84 0.05 0.64 0.28 0.20 – 0.04 – 0.01 0.12 1.33 0.13 0.14 0.74 0.19 0.46 3.37 0.34 0.11 0.66 0.34 0.03 2.14 0.12 0.32 0.65 0.09 0.01 1.53 1.79 1.63 1.55 16.34 † 0.03 1.58 4.12 – 0.05 0.05 5.84 0.05 – 0.37 – † – † 0.06 0.02 0.50 0.01 0.02 0.13 3.70 0.16 4.02 2.00 0.04 80.71 0.31 13.82 2.22 4.88 0.66 0.07 0.17 0.34 † 3.38 0.02 1.65 0.69 0.67 0.58 112.20 159.07 43.08 115.98 12.34 0.87 0.53 18.08 19.48 0.05 0.69 0.32 0.21 – 0.04 – 0.01 0.13 1.45 0.14 0.15 0.71 0.21 0.48 3.47 0.29 0.10 0.57 0.34 0.03 2.23 0.11 0.25 0.48 0.09 0.01 1.32 1.73 1.55 1.55 15.81 † 0.04 1.57 3.79 – 0.07 0.06 5.52 0.06 – 0.30 0.01 † – † 0.07 0.02 0.47 0.01 0.02 0.13 3.70 0.22 4.07 1.89 0.05 82.44 0.33 14.77 2.39 5.07 0.63 0.06 0.13 0.42 0.01 3.41 0.02 1.69 0.68 0.72 0.45 115.18 161.98 43.43 118.55 12.05 0.82 0.53 18.04 19.39 0.06 0.73 0.32 0.22 – 0.04 – 0.01 0.15 1.52 0.13 0.14 0.69 0.19 0.36 3.33 0.28 0.09 0.55 0.38 0.04 2.07 0.11 0.24 0.49 0.08 0.01 1.51 1.49 1.25 1.42 14.84 † 0.03 1.55 3.67 – 0.06 0.07 5.38 0.07 – 0.28 0.01 † – 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.47 0.01 0.02 0.17 3.75 0.32 4.26 1.88 0.03 81.83 0.34 16.23 1.89 4.99 0.64 0.06 0.20 0.45 0.02 3.53 0.04 1.71 0.75 0.87 0.51 115.96 161.84 42.72 119.12 11.25 0.83 0.53 15.58 16.95 0.06 0.74 0.31 0.21 – 0.03 – 0.01 0.15 1.50 0.14 0.14 0.68 0.16 0.35 3.29 0.24 0.10 0.52 0.46 0.03 2.04 0.14 0.25 0.57 0.08 0.01 1.45 1.14 0.97 1.44 14.20 † 0.03 1.43 3.86 – 0.06 0.08 5.46 0.07 – 0.27 0.01 † – 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.44 0.01 0.03 0.19 3.52 0.29 4.03 1.95 0.11 80.13 0.28 16.55 2.14 5.03 0.73 0.06 0.19 0.49 0.02 3.58 0.05 1.64 0.73 1.10 0.49 115.27 157.84 40.02 117.82 10.94 0.78 0.52 14.26 15.56 0.04 0.67 0.31 0.23 – 0.04 – 0.01 0.16 1.46 0.13 0.13 0.69 0.18 0.34 3.20 0.18 0.09 0.46 0.43 0.03 2.07 0.12 0.22 0.44 0.08 † 1.61 1.36 0.46 1.44 13.68 † 0.03 1.42 3.74 – 0.05 0.07 5.32 0.06 – 0.23 0.01 † – † 0.08 0.02 0.40 † 0.05 0.18 3.78 0.26 4.27 1.94 0.08 79.09 0.28 16.86 2.23 5.02 0.78 0.05 0.22 0.55 0.02 3.41 0.05 1.67 0.75 1.19 0.60 114.81 155.50 37.73 117.77 10.04 0.78 0.64 13.87 15.28 0.05 0.70 0.32 0.17 – 0.04 – 0.01 0.14 1.43 0.13 0.13 0.65 0.17 0.39 3.01 0.20 0.09 0.40 0.38 0.03 2.08 0.14 0.23 0.56 0.08 † 1.65 1.08 0.38 1.43 13.23 † 0.04 1.52 3.51 – 0.06 0.08 5.22 0.07 – 0.21 0.01 † – † 0.09 0.02 0.40 0.01 0.05 0.19 3.72 0.29 4.26 1.88 0.09 79.28 0.26 17.46 2.39 5.10 0.87 0.05 0.30 0.65 0.04 3.61 0.06 1.70 0.75 1.19 0.61 116.28 156.09 37.47 118.62 9.82 0.65 0.57 13.28 14.50 0.05 0.70 0.31 0.16 – 0.03 – † 0.18 1.43 0.12 0.13 0.65 0.18 0.35 2.90 0.19 0.09 0.37 0.34 0.03 2.08 0.11 0.21 0.46 0.08 † 1.71 1.15 0.32 1.41 12.92 † 0.04 1.70 3.63 – 0.09 0.09 5.54 0.06 – 0.20 0.01 † – † 0.10 0.02 0.39 0.02 0.09 0.22 3.76 0.32 4.41 1.84 0.10 79.83 0.26 18.56 2.84 4.99 0.93 0.05 0.50 0.68 0.02 3.63 0.06 1.70 0.80 1.59 1.23 119.62 158.79 36.19 122.61 9.37 0.56 0.51 11.34 12.41 0.02 0.66 0.28 0.26 – 0.02 – † 0.24 1.48 0.13 0.13 0.60 0.15 0.27 2.30 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.27 0.03 1.91 0.06 0.19 0.21 0.08 † 1.70 1.10 0.26 1.43 11.35 † 0.04 1.67 3.63 – 0.07 0.12 5.53 0.05 – 0.21 0.01 0.01 – † 0.10 0.02 0.40 0.02 0.08 0.28 3.81 0.28 4.47 1.78 0.14 81.67 0.26 18.62 3.41 4.91 0.90 0.06 0.55 0.73 0.03 3.44 0.06 1.63 0.71 2.07 1.25 122.22 157.86 32.10 125.75 7.69 -14.1% -10.5% -14.6% -14.4% -53.7% -5.8% -8.7% 63.0% – -32.6% – -34.4% 33.7% 3.7% 5.2% -2.1% -6.9% -16.6% -23.2% -20.7% -27.6% -11.3% -19.3% -22.5% 0.6% -8.4% -49.4% -10.7% -54.6% 2.2% – -0.8% -4.5% -17.4% 1.4% -12.1% – 6.7% -1.9% ◆ – -14.5% 33.7% -0.2% -6.7% – 6.2% -5.3% 120.7% – – 2.2% – 3.6% – -7.8% 29.4% 1.4% -13.4% 1.5% -3.3% 41.0% 2.3% -1.6% 0.3% 20.0% -1.7% -3.2% 14.2% 11.2% 6.6% 30.8% -5.3% 10.3% -4.0% -10.9% 30.2% 1.2% 2.2% -0.6% -11.3% 2.6% -17.8% 2008-18 Share 2019 -6.2% 0.4% 3.0% 0.3% -5.1% 7.2% -5.0% 7.9% ◆ -2.4% 1.9% 0.4% 5.5% 0.2% -1.6% 0.2% – – ◆ -1.8% – – ◆ -2.0% 5.4% 0.2% 2.1% 0.9% -2.8% 0.1% -3.8% 0.1% -2.4% 0.4% -2.4% 0.1% -3.6% 0.2% -1.4% 1.5% -5.8% 0.1% ◆ -3.5% -5.7% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% ◆ 1.3% -1.0% 1.2% ◆ 0.8% -5.9% 0.1% -2.0% 0.1% -3.5% 0.1% ◆ -4.2% 3.3% 1.1% -4.1% 0.7% -14.3% 0.2% -1.5% 0.9% -2.3% 7.2% ◆ -10.4% ◆ 3.2% 1.9% 1.1% -1.5% 2.3% – – ◆ 7.2% 7.5% 0.1% -0.4% 3.5% ◆ 1.2% – – -5.0% 0.1% ◆ 76.0% ◆ 51.1% – – ◆ 4.8% 21.5% 0.1% ◆ 8.9% -0.5% 0.3% ◆ -4.1% 11.9% 0.1% 3.5% 0.2% -0.4% 2.4% 9.9% 0.2% 0.4% 2.8% -2.8% 1.1% 10.1% 0.1% 1.7% 51.7% -0.9% 0.2% 5.5% 11.8% 8.0% 2.2% -0.2% 3.1% 8.5% 0.6% ◆ -4.7% 7.0% 0.3% 9.9% 0.5% ◆ 58.1% 2.7% 2.2% ◆ 37.2% 0.8% 1.0% 2.5% 0.5% 12.3% 1.3% 3.7% 0.8% 2.4% 77.4% 0.8% 100.0% -2.8% 20.3% 2.2% 79.7% -3.0% 4.9% *Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. †Less than 0.005. ◆Less than 0.05%. Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 47 Coal: Production by region Coal: Consumption by region Exajoules Exajoules Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS Europe S. & Cent. America North America 94 99 04 09 14 19 180 180 160 160 140 140 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 99 94 04 09 14 19 0 World coal consumption fell by 0.6% (-0.9 EJ), its fourth decline in six years. In the non-OECD, there were notable increases in China (1.8 EJ), Indonesia (0.6 EJ) and Vietnam (0.5 EJ), however, growth in India was only 0.3% (0.1 EJ) – its lowest since 2001. OECD demand fell sharply, led by the US (-1.9 EJ) and Germany (-0.6 EJ), to the lowest level in our data series (which goes back to 1965). Global coal production rose by 1.5%, with China and Indonesia providing the only significant increases (3.2 EJ and 1.3 EJ respectively). The largest declines in production also came from the US (-1.1 EJ) and Germany (-0.3 EJ). Coal prices US dollars per tonne 200 Northwest Europe marker price US Central Appalachian coal spot price index Japan steam spot CIF price China Qinhuangdao spot price 150 100 50 04 48 05 06 07 08 09 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 Coal: Prices US dollars per tonne Northwest Europe marker price† US Central Appalachian coal spot price index‡ Japan steam spot CIF price† China Qinhuangdao spot price† 28.79 35.99 39.03 31.65 43.60 72.13 60.54 64.11 88.79 147.67 70.39 92.35 121.48 92.50 81.69 75.38 56.79 59.87 84.51 91.83 60.86 31.29 29.90 50.15 33.20 38.52 64.90 70.12 57.82 49.73 117.42 60.73 67.87 84.75 67.28 69.72 67.08 51.57 51.45 63.83 72.84 57.16 – – 37.69 31.47 39.61 74.22 64.62 65.22 95.59 157.88 83.59 108.47 126.13 100.30 90.07 76.13 60.10 71.66 95.57 112.73 77.63 – 27.52 31.78 33.19 31.74 42.76 51.34 53.53 61.23 104.97 87.86 110.08 127.27 111.89 95.42 84.12 67.53 71.35 94.72 99.45 85.89 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 †Source: IHS Northwest Europe prices for 1999-2000 are the average of the monthly marker, 2001-2019 the average of weekly prices. IHS Japan prices basis = 6,000 kilocalories per kilogram NAR CIF. Chinese prices are the average monthly price for 2000-2005, weekly prices 2006-2019, 5,500 kilocalories per kilogram NAR, including cost and freight (CFR). ‡Source: S&P Global Platts ©2020, S&P Global Inc. Prices are for Central Appalachian 12,500 BTU, 1.2 SO2 coal, FOB. Prices for 1999-2000 are by coal price publication date, 2001-2005 by coal price assessment date. 2006-2019 weekly CAPP 12,500 BTU, 1.6 SO2 coal, FOB. Note: CIF = cost+insurance+freight (average prices); FOB = free on board. Coal: Trade movements Growth rate per annum Exajoules Imports Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa China India Japan South Korea Other Asia Pacific Total World Exports Canada US Colombia Europe Russia Other CIS South Africa Other Africa Australia China Indonesia Mongolia Other Asia Pacific Rest of World Total World Share 2019 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 0.36 0.18 0.57 0.67 5.01 0.52 0.40 0.27 3.28 1.80 4.22 2.69 2.79 22.75 0.36 0.22 0.51 0.85 4.82 0.37 0.35 0.32 4.45 2.00 4.84 3.11 3.18 25.39 0.24 0.21 0.36 0.99 5.64 0.59 0.43 0.35 5.20 2.37 4.61 3.38 3.29 27.66 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.88 6.09 0.53 0.49 0.31 6.71 3.09 4.87 3.30 3.65 30.62 0.22 0.20 0.24 1.06 5.85 0.56 0.44 0.83 7.63 3.66 5.06 3.32 3.61 32.66 0.26 0.22 0.28 1.06 6.09 0.56 0.49 0.39 6.62 4.65 5.00 3.43 2.73 31.78 0.22 0.23 0.28 1.00 6.03 0.53 0.38 0.47 4.69 4.92 5.05 3.54 3.96 31.29 0.19 0.21 0.25 1.06 5.40 0.48 0.34 0.51 5.65 6.46 5.01 3.53 4.60 33.70 0.22 0.34 0.19 1.21 5.86 0.56 0.35 0.60 5.87 5.15 5.06 3.89 5.00 34.29 0.23 0.34 0.15 1.19 6.44 0.61 0.35 0.73 6.13 5.28 5.01 3.92 5.37 35.74 0.21 0.24 0.17 1.12 5.25 0.65 0.32 0.64 6.40 5.69 4.90 3.73 5.96 35.28 -11.7% -27.9% 11.5% -6.2% -18.4% 7.9% -7.1% -12.0% 4.3% 7.9% -2.2% -4.7% 10.9% -1.3% -10.0% 9.9% -16.7% 1.8% 0.4% -1.2% -4.2% 7.8% 19.4% 14.1% 0.72 1.46 1.63 0.23 2.45 0.50 1.93 0.03 6.99 0.59 5.07 0.17 0.82 0.15 22.75 0.92 2.02 1.78 0.12 2.50 0.35 1.98 0.11 7.46 0.59 6.20 0.48 0.76 0.13 25.39 1.03 2.51 2.02 0.16 2.86 0.58 2.04 0.04 7.04 0.44 7.18 0.58 1.01 0.16 27.66 0.99 3.02 2.25 0.20 3.23 0.50 2.22 0.13 7.96 0.28 8.16 0.63 0.90 0.15 30.62 1.13 2.89 2.05 0.68 3.55 0.51 2.10 0.12 9.19 0.28 8.57 0.49 0.92 0.19 32.66 1.00 2.38 2.27 0.13 3.78 0.51 2.18 0.19 9.12 0.36 8.42 0.53 0.77 0.14 31.78 0.86 1.90 2.19 0.10 4.11 0.48 2.30 0.28 9.95 0.45 7.48 0.41 0.65 0.14 31.29 0.78 1.53 2.33 0.13 4.47 0.45 2.16 2.02 9.87 0.51 7.73 0.73 0.77 0.22 33.70 0.94 2.40 2.48 0.19 5.09 0.47 2.52 0.65 9.70 0.42 8.08 0.95 0.30 0.12 34.29 1.04 2.89 2.43 0.25 5.78 0.51 2.33 0.22 9.78 0.42 8.56 0.99 0.39 0.15 35.74 1.03 2.39 2.10 0.23 5.87 0.54 2.20 0.28 9.69 0.34 9.18 1.02 0.29 0.13 35.28 -0.3% -17.5% -13.5% -8.3% 1.5% 5.9% -5.8% 27.7% -0.9% -18.0% 7.2% 3.2% -26.3% -13.9% -1.3% 2.9% 2.9% 3.4% 6.8% 2.1% 5.9% 0.1% 0.7% 9.4% 16.6% -2.3% 1.5% 2.9% 6.2% 21.5% 0.8% 4.1% 27.5% -12.3% 1.0% 6.4% 26.0% 24.0% 2.9% -5.0% 0.8% -3.6% 0.4% 4.2% 100.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.5% 3.2% 14.9% 1.9% 0.9% 1.8% 18.1% 16.1% ◆ 13.9% 4.0% 10.6% 6.0% 16.9% 4.2% 100.0% ◆Less than 0.05%. Note: Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Intra-area movements (for example between countries in Europe, Other CIS, Other Africa, Other Asia Pacific) are excluded. Coal: Inter-area movements 2019 To Exajoules From Canada US Colombia Europe Russia Other CIS South Africa Other Africa Australia China Indonesia Mongolia Other Asia Pacific Rest of World Total imports Canada Mexico US S. & Cent. America – 0.15 0.05 † † – – – – † – – † † 0.21 † 0.07 0.13 † 0.04 – – – † † – – † † 0.24 0.02 – 0.12 † † – † † – † 0.02 – † † 0.17 0.03 0.28 0.54 † 0.07 – 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.01 † – † † 1.12 Europe CIS Middle East Africa China India Japan South Korea Other Asia Pacific Total 0.11 0.85 0.84 – 2.41 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.65 0.02 0.07 – 0.02 0.02 5.25 – † † 0.08 0.17 0.41 – – – † – † † † 0.65 † † 0.13 † 0.10 † 0.07 † † 0.01 0.01 – † † 0.32 † 0.23 0.01 0.03 0.14 – 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.01 † – † † 0.64 0.10 0.03 0.05 † 0.82 0.01 † † 2.06 – 2.19 1.02 0.13 † 6.40 0.08 0.32 0.03 0.08 0.22 † 1.20 0.12 0.83 0.03 2.61 – 0.13 0.04 5.69 0.26 0.36 0.03 † 0.54 † 0.01 0.03 2.88 0.07 0.70 – 0.02 † 4.90 0.33 0.10 0.14 0.01 0.78 – 0.11 0.03 1.36 0.06 0.80 † 0.02 † 3.73 0.11 † 0.03 0.01 0.58 † 0.54 † 1.71 0.14 2.78 – 0.04 † 5.96 1.03 2.39 2.10 0.23 5.87 0.54 2.20 0.28 9.69 0.34 9.18 1.02 0.35 0.07 35.28 †Less than 0.005. Note: Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries in Europe, Other CIS, Other Africa, Other Asia Pacific) are excluded. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 49 Nuclear energy Consumption* Growth rate per annum Exajoules (input-equivalent) Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 0.84 0.10 7.94 8.89 0.08 0.12 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.45 0.26 0.22 3.87 1.27 – 0.15 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.50 0.49 0.26 – 0.78 0.65 0.43 9.49 – – – 1.54 – – 0.02 1.57 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.12 – 0.12 – – 0.66 – 0.16 – 2.59 – – 0.02 – – 1.40 – 0.39 – – – 5.23 25.49 21.33 4.16 8.45 0.85 0.06 7.97 8.87 0.07 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.45 0.26 0.22 4.02 1.32 – 0.15 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.58 0.54 0.25 – 0.84 0.58 0.33 9.69 – – – 1.60 – – 0.02 1.62 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.13 – 0.13 – – 0.70 – 0.22 – 2.74 – – 0.02 – – 1.39 – 0.39 – – – 5.47 25.99 21.61 4.38 8.60 0.87 0.09 7.76 8.72 0.06 0.15 – – – – – – – 0.21 – 0.45 0.26 0.22 4.13 1.01 – 0.15 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.54 0.56 0.25 – 0.84 0.64 0.35 9.55 – – – 1.61 – – 0.02 1.64 † – – – – – – – – † – – – 0.12 – 0.12 – – 0.81 – 0.30 – 1.52 – – 0.04 – – 1.44 – 0.39 – – – 4.51 24.75 20.14 4.61 8.46 0.87 0.08 7.51 8.46 0.06 0.15 – – – – – – – 0.21 – 0.37 0.28 0.22 3.94 0.92 – 0.15 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.57 0.59 0.24 – 0.84 0.65 0.34 9.26 – – – 1.65 – – 0.02 1.67 0.01 – – – – – – – – 0.01 – – – 0.12 – 0.12 – – 0.91 – 0.31 – 0.17 – – 0.03 – – 1.39 – 0.37 – – – 3.18 22.91 18.19 4.72 8.18 0.95 0.11 7.66 8.71 0.06 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.39 0.28 0.22 3.91 0.90 – 0.14 – 0.03 – – – 0.11 0.52 0.61 0.24 – 0.77 0.65 0.32 9.09 – – – 1.59 – – 0.02 1.61 0.04 – – – – – – – – 0.04 – – – 0.13 – 0.13 – – 1.03 – 0.31 – 0.13 – – 0.07 – – 1.28 – 0.38 – – – 3.20 22.98 18.21 4.77 8.08 0.98 0.09 7.69 8.75 0.05 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.19 – 0.31 0.28 0.22 4.00 0.89 – 0.14 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.53 0.59 0.25 – 0.81 0.58 0.35 9.09 – – – 1.66 – – 0.02 1.68 0.04 – – – – – – – – 0.04 – – – 0.13 – 0.13 – – 1.22 – 0.32 – – – – 0.04 – – 1.43 – 0.39 – – – 3.40 23.28 18.22 5.06 8.03 0.92 0.11 7.64 8.67 0.06 0.13 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.24 0.24 0.21 3.98 0.84 – 0.14 – 0.04 – – – 0.11 0.52 0.51 0.21 – 0.80 0.64 0.33 8.82 – – – 1.78 – – 0.03 1.81 0.03 – – – – – – – – 0.03 – – – 0.11 – 0.11 – – 1.56 – 0.35 – 0.04 – – 0.04 – – 1.50 – 0.33 – – – 3.82 23.46 17.98 5.47 7.81 0.91 0.10 7.68 8.69 0.08 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.22 – 0.39 0.22 0.21 3.65 0.77 – 0.15 – 0.04 – – – 0.10 0.53 0.57 0.19 – 0.73 0.65 0.33 8.53 – – – 1.78 – – 0.02 1.80 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.14 – 0.14 – – 1.93 – 0.34 – 0.16 – – 0.05 – – 1.47 – 0.29 – – – 4.24 23.67 17.86 5.81 7.60 0.91 0.10 7.63 8.63 0.05 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.38 0.26 0.20 3.59 0.69 – 0.14 – 0.03 – – – 0.10 0.52 0.59 0.18 – 0.77 0.63 0.33 8.43 – – – 1.83 – – 0.02 1.85 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.14 – 0.14 – – 2.23 – 0.34 – 0.26 – – 0.07 – – 1.34 – 0.20 – – – 4.44 23.75 17.64 6.11 7.47 0.90 0.12 7.60 8.62 0.06 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.20 – 0.26 0.27 0.20 3.70 0.68 – 0.14 – 0.03 – – – 0.10 0.50 0.61 0.22 – 0.76 0.58 0.33 8.37 – – – 1.83 – – 0.02 1.85 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.10 – 0.10 – – 2.64 – 0.35 – 0.44 – – 0.09 – – 1.19 – 0.25 – – – 4.96 24.16 17.62 6.54 7.40 0.90 0.10 7.60 8.59 0.08 0.14 – – – – – – – 0.22 – 0.39 0.27 0.20 3.56 0.67 – 0.15 – 0.03 – – – 0.10 0.52 0.60 0.21 – 0.74 0.50 0.34 8.28 – – – 1.86 – – 0.02 1.88 0.06 – – – – – – – – 0.06 – – – 0.13 – 0.13 – – 3.11 – 0.40 – 0.59 – – 0.08 – – 1.30 – 0.29 – – – 5.77 24.92 17.77 7.16 7.33 0.1% -17.9% -0.1% -0.3% 22.4% 2.8% – – – – – – n/a 8.7% – 52.4% 0.7% 4.4% -3.8% -1.6% – 3.2% – 10.8% – – – -1.2% 4.4% -2.6% -6.0% – -2.0% -14.0% 2.7% -1.2% – – – 1.8% – – 5.5% 1.8% -7.2% – – – – – – – n/a -7.2% – – – 27.7% n/a 27.7% – – 17.8% – 15.2% – 33.2% – – -3.2% – – 8.9% – 16.3% – – n/a 16.4% 3.2% 0.8% 9.5% -0.9% -0.1% 2.7% -0.6% -0.5% -1.3% 0.6% – – – – – – n/a -0.1% – -5.1% 0.6% -1.2% -1.2% -7.1% – ◆ – -2.3% – – – -0.5% -1.2% 0.1% -1.8% – -1.2% 1.6% -3.3% -1.8% – – – 1.7% – – -2.3% 1.6% – – – – – – – – n/a n/a – – – -2.2% n/a -2.2% – – 15.0% – 9.2% – -15.6% – – 18.1% – – -1.8% – -4.4% – – n/a -0.1% -0.7% -2.1% 4.5% -1.8% Share 2019 3.6% 0.4% 30.5% 34.5% 0.3% 0.6% – – – – – – – 0.9% – 1.6% 1.1% 0.8% 14.3% 2.7% – 0.6% – 0.1% – – – 0.4% 2.1% 2.4% 0.8% – 3.0% 2.0% 1.4% 33.2% – – – 7.5% – – 0.1% 7.6% 0.2% – – – – – – – – 0.2% – – – 0.5% – 0.5% – – 12.5% – 1.6% – 2.3% – – 0.3% – – 5.2% – 1.2% – – – 23.2% 100.0% 71.3% 28.7% 29.4% *Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ’Input-equivalent’ energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview. †Less than 0.005. ◆Less than 0.05%. Nuclear data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. 50 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Hydroelectricity Consumption* Growth rate per annum Exajoules (input-equivalent) Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 3.48 0.25 2.56 6.30 0.39 3.69 0.24 0.39 0.09 0.19 – 0.81 0.80 6.59 0.39 † 0.02 0.12 0.54 0.18 0.05 † 0.46 † 1.18 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.62 0.34 0.34 0.11 0.05 0.67 5.57 0.02 † 0.06 1.65 † 0.06 0.27 2.06 0.06 0.03 † – – – – – 0.02 0.11 † 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.77 0.94 0.12 † 5.81 – 1.00 0.11 0.67 0.07 0.23 0.27 0.09 – 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.28 0.32 9.14 30.72 12.47 18.25 3.17 3.30 0.35 2.41 6.06 0.38 3.79 0.20 0.38 0.08 0.19 – 0.72 0.84 6.58 0.36 † 0.03 0.12 0.59 0.20 0.07 † 0.48 † 1.10 0.03 0.15 0.19 0.39 0.62 0.34 0.49 0.12 0.03 0.79 6.10 0.03 † 0.08 1.56 † 0.08 0.29 2.04 0.10 0.03 † – – – – – 0.03 0.16 † 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.84 1.01 0.13 0.01 6.68 – 1.02 0.16 0.83 0.06 0.23 0.28 0.07 – 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.27 0.39 10.30 32.25 12.75 19.50 3.53 3.51 0.34 2.95 6.79 0.37 4.00 0.19 0.45 0.10 0.20 – 0.78 0.85 6.94 0.32 † 0.02 0.12 0.42 0.16 0.04 † 0.43 † 1.12 0.02 0.11 0.14 0.29 0.63 0.30 0.49 0.10 0.05 0.56 5.31 0.02 † 0.07 1.52 † 0.05 0.31 1.98 0.10 0.03 † – – – – – 0.04 0.17 † 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.86 1.03 0.18 0.01 6.42 – 1.23 0.12 0.77 0.08 0.23 0.29 0.09 – 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.38 0.44 10.43 32.66 12.95 19.71 2.92 3.53 0.30 2.54 6.36 0.34 3.85 0.19 0.44 0.11 0.20 – 0.76 0.87 6.77 0.41 † 0.02 0.16 0.54 0.20 0.04 † 0.39 † 1.31 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.19 0.73 0.36 0.54 0.10 0.05 0.58 5.80 0.02 † 0.07 1.52 † 0.06 0.31 1.98 0.12 0.04 † – – – – – 0.04 0.20 † 0.12 0.02 0.01 0.88 1.03 0.16 0.01 8.00 – 1.07 0.12 0.71 0.09 0.21 0.10 0.10 – 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.49 0.44 11.70 33.84 12.93 20.92 3.12 3.61 0.26 2.46 6.33 0.38 3.60 0.18 0.41 0.10 0.21 – 0.77 0.90 6.54 0.39 † 0.03 0.12 0.65 0.21 0.06 † 0.49 † 1.18 0.02 0.13 0.14 0.34 0.57 0.35 0.55 0.13 0.04 0.71 6.10 0.01 † 0.07 1.67 † 0.06 0.30 2.11 0.13 0.04 † – – – – – 0.04 0.22 † 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.93 1.08 0.18 0.01 8.38 – 1.22 0.16 0.73 0.11 0.21 0.46 0.09 – 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.53 0.49 12.77 35.15 13.04 22.11 3.42 3.50 0.36 2.34 6.20 0.37 3.42 0.21 0.41 0.10 0.20 – 0.72 0.84 6.29 0.38 † 0.02 0.12 0.58 0.18 0.04 † 0.54 † 1.24 0.02 0.14 0.17 0.36 0.58 0.35 0.37 0.08 0.05 0.68 5.90 0.01 † 0.08 1.59 † 0.06 0.29 2.03 0.13 0.03 † – – – – – 0.02 0.18 † 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.98 1.13 0.13 0.01 9.71 – 1.27 0.14 0.75 0.12 0.22 0.30 0.08 – 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.57 0.49 13.94 35.68 12.76 22.91 3.43 3.48 0.28 2.24 6.01 0.38 3.28 0.22 0.41 0.12 0.22 – 0.67 0.83 6.12 0.34 † 0.02 0.15 0.50 0.17 0.06 † 0.40 † 1.25 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.26 0.69 0.35 0.61 0.05 0.06 0.65 5.79 0.01 † 0.08 1.53 † 0.05 0.28 1.96 0.12 0.02 † – – – – – 0.01 0.15 † 0.12 0.02 0.01 0.94 1.09 0.13 0.01 10.15 – 1.21 0.13 0.78 0.13 0.22 0.30 0.08 – 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.52 0.45 14.26 35.38 12.54 22.83 3.09 3.49 0.28 2.39 6.16 0.35 3.45 0.18 0.42 0.14 0.22 – 0.56 0.90 6.21 0.36 † 0.02 0.14 0.54 0.19 0.05 † 0.37 † 1.29 0.02 0.14 0.16 0.33 0.56 0.31 0.61 0.07 0.05 0.67 5.90 0.02 † 0.11 1.67 † 0.07 0.28 2.14 0.14 0.03 † – – – – – 0.01 0.18 † 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.91 1.05 0.16 0.01 10.44 – 1.16 0.17 0.67 0.18 0.23 0.31 0.07 – 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.60 0.53 14.69 36.33 12.65 23.68 3.15 3.55 0.29 2.67 6.51 0.37 3.34 0.19 0.52 0.18 0.26 – 0.53 0.91 6.30 0.34 † 0.02 0.13 0.44 0.18 0.04 † 0.31 † 1.28 0.02 0.05 0.13 0.17 0.58 0.31 0.52 0.08 0.05 0.59 5.26 0.02 † 0.10 1.67 † 0.08 0.31 2.17 0.16 0.02 † – – – – – 0.01 0.19 † 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.98 1.11 0.12 0.01 10.49 – 1.22 0.17 0.71 0.24 0.23 0.28 0.09 – 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.80 0.55 15.05 36.59 12.50 24.10 2.68 3.45 0.29 2.59 6.33 0.37 3.48 0.21 0.51 0.19 0.28 – 0.51 0.89 6.43 0.34 † 0.01 0.12 0.57 0.16 0.05 † 0.42 † 1.24 0.02 0.11 0.16 0.31 0.56 0.31 0.54 0.09 0.05 0.71 5.77 0.02 † 0.09 1.71 † 0.05 0.32 2.19 0.10 0.02 † – – – – – 0.01 0.13 † 0.12 0.02 0.01 1.02 1.17 0.16 0.01 10.73 – 1.25 0.15 0.72 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.08 – 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.76 0.53 15.31 37.32 12.73 24.59 3.10 3.41 0.21 2.42 6.03 0.33 3.56 0.19 0.46 0.22 0.28 – 0.56 0.77 6.37 0.36 † 0.02 0.11 0.52 0.18 0.04 † 0.40 † 1.12 0.02 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.59 0.31 0.79 0.06 0.05 0.62 5.64 0.01 † 0.09 1.73 † 0.06 0.32 2.21 0.26 0.02 † – – – – – 0.02 0.30 † 0.12 0.01 0.01 1.04 1.18 0.13 0.01 11.32 – 1.44 0.15 0.66 0.24 0.23 0.32 0.09 – 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.58 0.56 15.90 37.64 12.30 25.34 2.92 -1.4% -27.0% -6.7% -4.7% -11.3% 2.3% -11.1% -9.3% 18.8% 2.4% – 10.6% -13.2% -0.9% 7.8% -5.8% 22.8% -6.8% -8.8% 11.9% -30.5% -1.3% -4.5% 2.2% -10.2% -1.2% -29.7% -13.0% -27.7% 5.5% -0.1% 48.2% -34.7% 8.6% -11.9% -2.3% -11.8% -0.4% -4.1% 1.6% -0.4% 9.8% 0.5% 1.3% 153.3% 35.8% -0.4% – – – – – 43.4% 128.7% 29.0% -0.2% -25.7% -0.4% 2.0% 1.4% -17.9% -5.2% 5.5% – 15.5% 0.6% -9.1% 1.8% -3.0% 21.8% 2.5% – -17.7% -25.1% 23.6% -17.2% -22.7% 7.2% 3.9% 0.8% -3.4% 3.0% -5.8% -0.4% -2.5% 0.8% ◆ 0.5% -0.1% -1.0% 1.5% 5.6% 4.3% – -4.7% 0.8% -0.1% -0.8% -3.2% -2.7% -3.2% -0.6% -1.9% 5.0% -0.2% 0.6% -3.8% -0.6% -1.5% 5.5% -0.3% 3.4% -1.7% -1.0% 5.4% -1.6% ◆ 1.8% 0.2% -2.9% 22.8% 2.7% 0.9% -0.6% 2.4% 1.5% 1.0% 3.7% -5.2% 3.1% – – – – – -9.6% ◆ -9.0% -1.8% 5.7% -5.5% 3.1% 2.4% 3.3% -1.5% 5.9% – 1.3% 3.2% 0.1% 12.3% 1.0% ◆ -1.1% – 0.3% 3.9% -0.2% 0.3% 11.8% 4.9% 4.9% 1.9% 0.1% 3.0% -0.2% Share 2019 9.0% 0.6% 6.4% 16.0% 0.9% 9.5% 0.5% 1.2% 0.6% 0.7% – 1.5% 2.0% 16.9% 1.0% ◆ ◆ 0.3% 1.4% 0.5% 0.1% ◆ 1.1% ◆ 3.0% – 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 1.6% 0.8% 2.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.7% 15.0% ◆ ◆ 0.2% 4.6% ◆ 0.2% 0.8% 5.9% 0.7% 0.1% ◆ – – – – – ◆ 0.8% ◆ 0.3% ◆ ◆ 2.8% 3.1% 0.3% ◆ 30.1% – 3.8% 0.4% 1.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 0.2% – 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 1.6% 1.5% 42.2% 100.0% 32.7% 67.3% 7.8% *Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ‘Input-equivalent’ energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview. †Less than 0.005. ◆Less than 0.05%. Hydroelectricity data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 51 Nuclear energy consumption by region Hydroelectricity consumption by region Exajoules Exajoules Rest of world Asia Pacific CIS 30 Europe North America 40 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS Europe S. & Cent. America North America 25 35 30 20 25 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 94 99 04 09 14 19 0 Nuclear consumption increased by 3.2% (on an input-equivalent basis), its fastest growth since 2004 and well above the 10-year average of -0.7%. As in 2018, China recorded the largest increment of any country, and last year’s increase was China’s largest ever (0.5 EJ). Japan also posted notable growth of 0.15 EJ, or 33% as it continued to recover from the complete shutdown of generation in 2014. Hydroelectric consumption rose by 0.8%, below the 10-year average of 1.9%. Growth was led by China (0.6 EJ), Turkey (0.3 EJ) and India (0.2 EJ). The US and Vietnam saw the biggest declines (both -0.2 EJ). Renewables consumption by region Renewables generation by source Exajoules Terawatt-hours 35 Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS Europe S. & Cent. America North America 3000 Solar Wind Other 30 2500 25 2000 20 1500 15 1000 10 500 5 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 0 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 Renewable energy consumption (including biofuels but excluding hydro) grew by 12.1%, below its historical average, although its increase in energy terms (3.2 EJ) was the highest on record and the largest for any fuel in 2019. By country, China was the largest contributor to renewables growth (0.8 EJ), followed by the US (0.3 EJ) and Japan (0.2 EJ). Wind provided the largest contribution to the growth of renewables electricity generation (160 TWh) followed closely by solar (140 TWh). Solar has constantly increased its share of renewable generation and now makes up 26% compared with only 14% five years earlier. 52 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0 Renewable energy Renewables consumption* Growth rate per annum Exajoules (input-equivalent) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 0.18 0.08 2.39 2.66 0.02 0.79 0.03 0.01 † 0.01 † – 0.09 0.96 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.22 0.83 0.03 0.03 0.24 0.12 0.02 0.09 0.10 0.01 0.46 0.14 0.01 0.02 † 0.23 0.20 3.01 † † – † – – † 0.01 † – † – – – † † † † – 0.01 † † 0.03 0.05 0.12 † 0.52 † 0.27 0.09 0.25 0.01 0.07 † 0.11 † 0.03 † 0.02 0.05 † † 1.56 8.24 6.16 2.08 2.92 0.22 0.09 2.76 3.06 0.04 0.92 0.04 0.01 † 0.01 † † 0.10 1.13 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.11 0.24 0.91 0.03 0.03 0.30 0.11 0.02 0.10 0.13 0.01 0.57 0.17 0.01 0.04 † 0.26 0.24 3.49 † † – 0.01 † – † 0.01 † – † – – – † † † † † 0.01 0.01 † 0.04 0.06 0.15 † 0.77 † 0.32 0.10 0.29 0.01 0.08 † 0.10 0.01 0.05 † 0.03 0.06 † † 1.95 9.70 7.12 2.58 3.38 0.25 0.09 3.09 3.43 0.05 0.88 0.04 0.01 † 0.02 † † 0.11 1.11 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.28 1.11 0.04 0.03 0.40 0.13 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.02 0.59 0.19 0.02 0.05 † 0.32 0.29 4.12 – † † 0.01 † – † 0.01 † – † – – † † † † 0.01 † 0.02 0.01 † 0.04 0.06 0.18 † 1.05 † 0.39 0.10 0.30 0.02 0.08 † 0.10 0.01 0.05 † 0.03 0.07 † † 2.38 11.12 8.16 2.96 3.98 0.28 0.10 3.33 3.71 0.07 0.90 0.06 0.02 † 0.02 † † 0.13 1.19 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.33 1.25 0.06 0.03 0.53 0.13 0.02 0.17 0.14 0.03 0.70 0.21 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.37 0.33 4.78 – † † † † – † 0.01 † – † – – † † † † 0.01 † 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.19 † 1.36 † 0.46 0.11 0.33 0.02 0.08 † 0.11 0.01 0.05 † 0.03 0.09 † † 2.84 12.60 9.13 3.47 4.62 0.29 0.11 3.76 4.16 0.07 1.05 0.07 0.01 † 0.03 † † 0.14 1.37 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.13 0.35 1.31 0.08 0.03 0.60 0.13 0.03 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.72 0.22 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.49 0.36 5.24 † † † † † – † 0.01 † † 0.01 † † † † † † 0.01 † 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.21 † 1.80 † 0.52 0.12 0.39 0.02 0.08 † 0.11 0.01 0.07 † 0.04 0.12 † † 3.49 14.36 10.12 4.24 5.02 0.30 0.13 4.04 4.48 0.08 1.22 0.06 0.02 † 0.03 † † 0.16 1.57 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.14 0.38 1.43 0.08 0.03 0.61 0.12 0.03 0.19 0.16 0.07 0.69 0.24 0.02 0.12 0.02 0.59 0.39 5.62 † † † 0.01 † – † 0.01 † † 0.01 † † † † † † 0.02 † 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.23 † 2.24 † 0.58 0.15 0.49 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.09 † 0.04 0.15 † † 4.21 16.03 10.94 5.09 5.38 0.44 0.16 4.25 4.84 0.08 1.45 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.03 † † 0.20 1.87 0.12 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.44 1.66 0.09 0.03 0.63 0.14 0.03 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.67 0.29 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.74 0.43 6.30 † † † 0.01 † – † 0.01 † † 0.01 † † † † † † 0.02 † 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.18 0.25 † 2.62 † 0.60 0.12 0.64 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.13 0.01 0.12 † 0.04 0.16 † 0.01 4.85 18.08 12.18 5.90 6.02 0.49 0.17 4.81 5.47 0.08 1.49 0.11 0.02 0.01 0.03 † † 0.23 1.97 0.12 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.46 1.64 0.09 0.04 0.65 0.14 0.04 0.21 0.16 0.09 0.66 0.30 0.03 0.21 0.02 0.74 0.43 6.40 † † † 0.01 † † † 0.02 † † 0.02 † † † † † 0.01 0.04 † 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.21 0.26 † 3.44 † 0.73 0.20 0.63 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.15 0.01 0.15 † 0.04 0.18 † 0.01 5.96 20.06 12.96 7.10 6.05 0.49 0.18 5.24 5.92 0.09 1.63 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.04 † † 0.24 2.15 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.16 0.49 1.88 0.10 0.04 0.67 0.17 0.05 0.22 0.16 0.10 0.68 0.33 0.04 0.27 0.02 0.88 0.49 7.12 † † † 0.01 † † † 0.02 † † 0.02 † † † † 0.01 0.02 0.05 † 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.09 0.25 0.28 † 4.61 † 0.90 0.20 0.76 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.14 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.05 0.21 † 0.01 7.53 23.04 14.32 8.71 6.69 0.50 0.22 5.50 6.22 0.10 1.83 0.16 0.02 0.01 0.05 † † 0.27 2.44 0.13 0.17 0.08 0.18 0.54 1.97 0.10 0.04 0.64 0.19 0.05 0.21 0.16 0.09 0.70 0.32 0.04 0.34 0.02 0.99 0.51 7.50 † † † 0.01 † † † 0.02 † † 0.02 † † † † 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.10 0.29 0.35 † 5.81 † 1.10 0.25 0.89 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.24 † 0.01 9.29 25.83 15.27 10.55 6.97 2019 2019 0.52 4.0% 0.35 59.5% 5.83 5.9% 6.70 7.6% 0.14 38.3% 2.02 10.4% 0.19 20.4% 0.02 1.7% 0.01 26.9% 0.05 10.6% † -0.4% † 1688.5% 0.29 7.1% 2.73 11.9% 0.14 8.4% 0.19 8.9% 0.08 2.7% 0.18 0.8% 0.61 13.9% 2.12 7.5% 0.11 10.0% 0.05 14.4% 0.64 -1.4% 0.23 17.7% 0.07 27.6% 0.25 15.2% 0.18 8.0% 0.10 8.2% 0.75 7.3% 0.36 13.4% 0.04 7.0% 0.41 19.3% 0.05 92.4% 1.08 9.1% 0.56 9.7% 8.18 9.2% † 27.7% † 3.2% 0.01 47.3% 0.02 31.0% † -0.4% † 132.5% † 16.5% 0.03 29.4% † 12.1% † -0.4% 0.03 64.3% † 91.4% † -0.4% † -0.4% 0.02 365.6% 0.04 214.8% 0.03 8.9% 0.12 77.1% 0.01 1.6% 0.06 82.0% 0.06 30.6% 0.12 3.1% 0.17 72.6% 0.41 39.3% 0.42 22.0% † 39.0% 6.63 14.2% † 13.4% 1.21 9.4% 0.39 54.2% 1.10 24.1% 0.03 12.5% 0.10 2.4% 0.06 33.0% 0.15 2.7% 0.01 5.5% 0.29 19.3% 0.01 7.0% 0.07 24.9% 0.29 18.8% 0.04 845.8% 0.01 30.6% 10.81 16.5% 28.98 12.2% 16.77 9.8% 12.21 15.7% 7.54 8.2% 2008-18 Share 2019 13.5% 1.8% 10.3% 1.2% 10.1% 20.1% 10.3% 23.1% 19.8% 0.5% 9.9% 7.0% 16.6% 0.7% 13.7% 0.1% ◆ 11.1% 18.6% 0.2% ◆ -15.3% ◆ – 12.6% 1.0% 10.9% 9.4% 5.4% 0.5% 16.2% 0.6% 14.7% 0.3% 5.4% 0.6% 10.9% 2.1% 9.3% 7.3% 14.4% 0.4% 3.8% 0.2% 13.2% 2.2% 6.7% 0.8% 13.0% 0.2% 13.4% 0.9% 7.4% 0.6% 34.1% 0.3% 6.3% 2.6% 9.3% 1.2% 12.9% 0.2% 40.4% 1.4% 23.5% 0.2% 17.8% 3.7% 10.6% 1.9% 10.9% 28.2% ◆ – ◆ 19.6% ◆ – 10.2% 0.1% ◆ – ◆ – ◆ 39.8% 15.9% 0.1% ◆ 9.0% ◆ – 40.9% 0.1% ◆ – ◆ – ◆ – 89.2% 0.1% – 0.1% 68.3% 0.1% 38.8% 0.4% ◆ – 13.6% 0.2% 31.2% 0.2% 37.2% 0.4% 13.5% 0.6% 20.7% 1.4% 13.1% 1.5% ◆ 32.1% 33.4% 22.9% ◆ 64.1% 17.1% 4.2% 12.2% 1.4% 13.3% 3.8% 11.5% 0.1% 5.5% 0.3% 123.2% 0.2% 3.4% 0.5% ◆ 5.0% 27.2% 1.0% ◆ 47.0% 9.6% 0.2% 19.5% 1.0% 23.6% 0.1% ◆ 25.3% 22.2% 37.3% 13.7% 100.0% 10.9% 57.9% 19.9% 42.1% 10.5% 26.0% *Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ‘Input-equivalent’ energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview. †Less than 0.005. ◆Less than 0.05%. Annual changes and share of total are calculated using exajoules figures and incorporate adjustments for assumed changes in thermal efficiency. Other renewables data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 53 Renewables: Renewable power generation* Growth rate per annum Terawatt-hours Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 15.7 8.2 149.9 173.7 1.8 24.1 3.5 1.1 0.2 0.5 † – 8.1 39.2 6.3 5.1 2.2 9.0 12.7 76.1 2.8 2.7 20.1 10.7 1.2 6.3 10.0 † 47.4 14.0 1.3 2.2 0.2 20.0 20.0 270.3 † 0.1 – 0.5 – – † 0.6 0.2 – 0.1 – – – † † † 0.3 – 1.0 0.4 0.5 3.3 5.3 7.5 † 48.8 † 28.0 9.3 26.8 1.4 6.9 † 10.4 0.5 2.6 † 2.5 2.3 0.1 0.1 147.3 636.7 490.8 145.9 260.8 19.3 8.7 173.7 201.7 2.0 34.1 3.7 1.1 0.2 0.7 † † 9.1 51.0 6.6 6.2 3.1 11.3 15.5 84.2 3.1 2.8 25.8 11.1 1.2 8.0 12.2 0.4 54.6 15.7 1.4 3.9 0.2 22.6 23.6 313.6 † 0.1 – 0.5 † – † 0.6 0.2 – 0.1 – – – † † † 0.4 † 1.4 0.7 0.5 3.8 6.3 8.4 0.1 75.0 0.1 33.9 9.4 29.7 1.3 8.1 † 10.0 0.6 3.3 0.1 2.9 3.4 0.1 0.2 186.4 760.1 566.9 193.2 302.3 21.0 9.1 201.9 231.9 2.2 35.3 4.7 1.4 0.3 0.7 † † 9.6 54.2 6.6 8.2 5.2 11.7 19.6 106.4 4.1 2.5 37.1 12.3 1.6 10.8 12.6 1.6 55.6 17.6 1.6 5.8 0.3 29.5 28.8 379.5 – 0.1 † 0.6 † – † 0.7 0.2 – 0.3 – – 0.1 † † † 0.7 † 1.7 0.7 0.5 3.9 6.9 11.1 0.1 104.3 0.1 41.9 9.5 31.0 1.5 8.6 † 10.1 0.6 3.7 0.1 3.4 4.1 0.1 0.2 230.5 904.5 667.4 237.0 365.5 23.1 10.5 228.3 261.9 2.8 40.8 6.4 1.5 0.3 0.7 † † 11.7 64.3 7.4 10.1 6.0 11.6 24.3 121.3 5.7 2.4 50.3 12.4 1.9 14.8 13.8 2.9 66.4 19.4 1.9 7.4 0.8 35.9 32.0 448.7 – 0.1 † 0.5 † – † 0.6 0.2 – 0.5 – – 0.1 † † † 0.9 † 1.8 0.7 0.5 4.5 7.6 13.2 0.1 136.8 0.1 49.5 9.6 34.2 1.5 8.8 0.1 10.5 0.6 4.2 0.2 3.4 5.2 0.1 0.2 278.4 1062.4 771.5 291.0 431.5 23.7 11.6 266.2 301.5 2.9 47.6 7.4 1.4 0.4 1.2 † † 13.1 74.0 8.4 11.3 6.5 12.7 26.2 129.3 8.0 2.6 59.2 12.1 2.3 14.6 15.7 5.2 74.2 21.3 2.2 9.8 1.3 48.5 35.3 506.8 0.1 0.1 † 0.5 † – † 0.7 0.2 † 0.5 † † 0.1 † 0.1 † 1.1 † 1.6 1.2 0.8 5.2 8.8 16.4 0.1 183.8 0.1 55.9 9.5 41.2 1.2 9.0 0.5 9.9 0.7 5.7 0.3 3.8 7.2 0.1 0.3 346.0 1238.9 878.2 360.7 485.8 24.7 13.8 296.8 335.3 2.9 59.3 6.9 1.8 0.5 1.7 † † 15.7 88.9 9.0 12.0 7.3 12.8 29.0 142.9 7.7 2.8 62.1 11.6 2.5 17.7 16.0 6.5 71.1 22.0 2.6 12.0 1.7 58.6 39.3 547.2 0.1 0.1 † 0.8 † – † 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.9 † † 0.1 † 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.2 1.9 2.6 6.8 12.5 18.3 0.2 229.5 0.1 63.0 10.2 52.2 0.9 10.1 1.0 10.7 0.8 7.7 0.3 4.0 9.0 0.1 0.4 418.6 1405.2 965.9 439.3 522.9 39.8 16.4 315.8 372.1 3.0 71.6 9.0 1.9 0.5 1.7 † † 19.7 107.5 10.3 14.2 7.6 13.7 35.0 169.8 8.8 3.0 63.4 13.6 2.8 20.9 15.7 9.6 68.9 27.1 2.8 16.5 1.7 77.1 43.0 625.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 † – † 1.4 0.3 0.1 1.2 † † 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 2.5 0.1 1.9 2.5 6.2 8.8 19.6 21.7 0.2 279.1 0.1 65.1 10.3 68.2 1.0 10.8 1.7 12.3 0.9 11.0 0.4 4.3 10.0 0.3 0.6 498.2 1626.7 1103.0 523.7 596.1 45.6 18.0 367.4 431.0 2.5 84.9 11.7 2.0 0.6 1.9 † † 22.4 126.2 11.0 14.0 7.4 14.5 37.2 169.1 9.4 3.0 65.6 14.6 2.4 20.7 16.5 8.9 68.2 27.1 3.2 23.0 1.6 77.6 43.4 638.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.1 † † † 1.8 0.3 0.1 1.7 † † 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.5 4.1 0.3 2.6 3.4 7.9 9.2 23.5 24.2 0.2 369.5 0.1 79.8 11.0 68.1 1.1 10.8 2.8 13.9 0.9 14.0 0.5 4.5 12.5 0.3 0.7 614.9 1839.9 1183.5 656.4 602.8 45.9 19.5 417.7 483.2 3.0 96.1 15.0 2.0 0.5 2.4 † † 23.8 142.8 12.8 15.6 7.7 16.1 41.5 196.2 9.8 3.3 67.7 17.4 3.1 21.6 16.7 9.8 69.5 29.9 3.7 29.0 1.9 92.9 50.6 716.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.2 † † † 2.1 0.4 0.1 1.7 0.1 † 0.1 0.2 0.8 2.2 5.5 0.5 2.7 3.5 10.6 9.7 27.0 25.7 0.3 502.0 0.1 99.2 13.1 81.9 1.1 10.6 4.0 13.6 0.9 19.0 0.7 5.3 14.9 0.4 0.9 793.5 2170.8 1335.4 835.4 673.1 47.1 23.3 451.6 522.0 4.0 106.3 17.9 2.2 0.5 3.5 † † 27.5 161.9 12.3 16.8 7.8 18.1 46.9 206.8 10.4 3.5 65.6 18.8 4.2 19.6 17.0 8.5 69.8 28.9 3.9 37.8 2.5 104.5 52.4 756.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.4 † † 0.1 2.5 0.5 0.1 1.7 0.1 † 0.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 7.5 0.6 3.5 4.8 12.3 11.0 32.2 32.2 0.3 636.4 0.1 122.8 14.6 96.8 1.3 10.5 5.2 13.9 0.9 23.9 0.8 6.4 17.8 0.5 1.1 985.5 2468.0 1442.4 1025.6 700.9 2019 2019 49.3 4.7% 37.8 62.4% 489.8 8.5% 576.9 10.5% 8.2 104.2% 117.7 10.7% 21.6 20.9% 2.2 2.0% 0.7 29.4% 4.0 15.2% † – 0.2 1695.2% 29.6 7.7% 184.1 13.7% 13.6 10.2% 18.6 10.5% 7.9 1.7% 18.4 1.4% 54.9 17.0% 224.1 8.4% 11.6 11.1% 4.3 20.9% 67.6 3.0% 22.3 18.4% 5.9 41.9% 23.1 17.6% 18.6 9.1% 9.0 5.8% 77.5 11.0% 33.6 16.1% 4.1 6.9% 45.3 19.8% 5.0 100.2% 113.4 8.5% 57.9 10.5% 836.6 10.6% 0.3 28.1% 0.3 4.3% 0.8 49.6% 1.8 31.5% † – † 133.3% 0.1 16.9% 3.3 31.1% 0.6 12.5% 0.1 – 2.9 65.9% 0.2 92.2% † – 0.1 – 1.8 367.4% 4.2 216.0% 3.6 9.3% 13.3 78.0% 0.6 2.0% 6.5 82.7% 6.3 31.1% 12.6 3.0% 19.1 73.4% 45.1 40.0% 41.1 27.3% 0.4 39.5% 732.3 15.1% 0.1 10.8% 134.9 9.8% 16.0 9.4% 121.2 25.2% 1.7 29.3% 10.8 2.7% 6.9 33.5% 14.3 2.4% 1.0 5.9% 29.2 22.2% 0.8 7.4% 8.0 25.3% 21.4 20.2% 4.7 849.3% 1.4 31.1% 1146.2 16.3% 2805.5 13.7% 1616.8 12.1% 1188.8 15.9% 768.2 9.6% 2008-18 14.8% 1.8% 11.0% 1.3% 13.2% 17.5% 13.2% 20.6% 8.7% 0.3% 17.6% 4.2% 17.3% 0.8% 14.5% 0.1% ◆ 10.0% 22.4% 0.1% ◆ -14.8% ◆ – 14.2% 1.1% 16.6% 6.6% 6.9% 0.5% 15.4% 0.7% 16.3% 0.3% 5.4% 0.7% 16.5% 2.0% 11.0% 8.0% 15.6% 0.4% 5.1% 0.2% 14.8% 2.4% 7.2% 0.8% 12.2% 0.2% 16.0% 0.8% 8.0% 0.7% 76.5% 0.3% 6.1% 2.8% 8.9% 1.2% 11.7% 0.1% 41.8% 1.6% 23.3% 0.2% 20.1% 4.0% 11.0% 2.1% 12.2% 29.8% ◆ – ◆ 25.4% ◆ – 10.9% 0.1% ◆ – ◆ – ◆ 40.6% 16.8% 0.1% ◆ 9.6% ◆ – 59.8% 0.1% ◆ – ◆ – ◆ – 90.4% 0.1% – 0.1% 69.3% 0.1% 41.7% 0.5% ◆ – 14.3% 0.2% 32.0% 0.2% 37.7% 0.5% 14.1% 0.7% 21.3% 1.6% 16.0% 1.5% ◆ 32.9% 36.6% 26.1% ◆ 62.0% 17.9% 4.8% 5.7% 0.6% 13.7% 4.3% 5.0% 0.1% 6.2% 0.4% 124.5% 0.2% 2.6% 0.5% ◆ 5.6% 31.7% 1.0% ◆ 47.9% 10.2% 0.3% 23.4% 0.8% 24.3% 0.2% 26.1% 0.1% 23.6% 40.9% 16.2% 100.0% 12.7% 57.6% 24.5% 42.4% 11.8% 27.4% *Renewable power is based on gross generation from renewable sources including wind, geothermal, solar, biomass and waste, and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. †Less than 0.05. ◆Less than 0.05%. Notes: Annual changes and share of total are calculated using terawatt-hours. 54 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Share 2019 Renewable energy: Generation by source* 2019 Growth rate Terawatt-hours Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union Wind Solar Other renewables‡ 33.2 13.1 275.4 321.7 1.4 48.5 3.6 0.1 0.1 1.5 – – 10.6 65.8 6.0 7.5 0.6 5.8 28.1 110.0 6.3 0.6 17.7 10.6 3.9 12.8 12.6 6.3 50.9 16.6 0.1 19.9 1.2 56.9 0.6 402.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 – – † 0.8 0.3 – 0.1 † – – – † 0.7 1.1 † 2.0 3.8 6.9 1.5 14.3 16.4 † 365.8 † 60.3 0.2 7.4 – 2.1 3.1 1.2 – 2.6 0.4 1.7 1.9 0.3 0.4 463.7 1270.2 745.4 524.7 376.9 3.9 3.2 94.3 101.3 0.1 3.5 5.1 † † 0.7 † † 3.2 12.7 1.4 3.9 2.3 0.1 10.3 45.8 3.8 0.6 22.7 3.7 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.8 12.7 0.4 1.9 7.8 1.1 12.9 0.3 138.6 † 0.1 0.1 0.6 † † † 0.9 0.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 † † 0.4 1.3 2.6 6.1 0.6 1.5 1.0 4.9 1.9 9.9 12.3 0.3 176.9 † 36.3 † 66.1 0.5 0.1 1.0 1.2 0.1 9.7 0.3 2.7 5.0 0.1 0.5 313.2 582.8 329.9 252.8 127.5 10.0 7.0 81.9 98.9 2.5 54.4 9.2 2.1 0.4 1.2 – – 13.6 83.4 4.9 5.5 4.8 12.2 8.5 51.0 0.3 2.3 25.3 4.6 0.2 6.5 3.4 0.4 6.2 11.9 1.8 10.1 0.2 34.8 0.2 215.0 0.1 0.1 † 0.5 – – † 0.7 † – 0.1 – – 0.1 – † † 0.3 – – – 0.4 7.6 8.1 3.6 † 93.7 0.1 26.2 14.4 23.4 0.8 8.4 1.0 11.5 0.8 11.7 0.1 2.0 10.9 0.1 0.2 208.6 615.0 367.0 248.0 196.4 2018 Total Wind 47.1 23.3 451.6 522.0 4.0 106.3 17.9 2.2 0.5 3.5 † † 27.5 161.9 12.3 16.8 7.8 18.1 46.9 206.8 10.4 3.5 65.6 18.8 4.2 19.6 17.0 8.5 69.8 28.9 3.9 37.8 2.5 104.5 1.1 756.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.4 † † 0.1 2.5 0.5 0.1 1.7 0.1 † 0.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 7.5 0.6 3.5 4.8 12.3 11.0 32.2 32.2 0.3 636.4 0.1 122.8 14.6 96.8 1.3 10.5 5.2 13.9 0.9 23.9 0.8 6.4 17.8 0.5 1.1 985.5 2468.0 1442.4 1025.6 700.9 34.2 17.6 303.1 354.9 5.0 55.8 5.3 0.1 0.1 1.6 – 0.1 11.1 79.2 7.4 9.5 0.7 6.0 34.5 126.0 7.3 0.7 20.1 11.5 5.5 15.0 13.7 6.7 56.2 19.9 0.1 21.7 1.9 64.1 1.5 461.6 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 – – † 1.1 0.4 – 0.1 † – – – † 0.7 1.2 † 2.8 4.7 6.9 3.1 17.5 19.5 † 405.7 † 63.3 0.2 8.6 – 2.3 4.8 1.2 – 2.8 0.4 1.9 2.7 0.5 0.5 514.3 1429.6 841.8 587.9 430.7 Solar Other renewables‡ 2019 Total 4.3 12.4 108.4 125.1 0.8 5.6 6.3 0.1 0.2 0.8 † † 3.9 17.6 1.4 3.9 2.3 0.2 11.7 47.5 4.0 1.4 24.3 5.2 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.7 15.0 0.6 2.3 10.9 2.9 12.7 0.3 154.7 † 0.1 0.3 1.0 † † † 1.5 0.2 0.1 2.7 0.1 † † 1.8 4.2 2.9 11.9 0.6 3.7 1.6 5.3 8.2 19.4 18.0 0.4 223.8 † 46.3 0.1 75.3 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.2 12.1 0.4 4.1 5.0 4.2 0.7 393.9 724.1 387.2 336.9 138.4 10.8 7.8 78.3 96.9 2.4 56.3 10.0 2.0 0.5 1.6 – – 14.6 87.4 4.8 5.1 4.9 12.2 8.7 50.6 0.3 2.1 23.2 5.6 0.3 7.3 3.5 0.5 6.3 13.1 1.8 12.7 0.2 36.6 0.2 220.3 0.1 0.1 † 0.5 – – † 0.7 † – 0.1 – – 0.1 – † † 0.3 – – – 0.4 7.8 8.2 3.6 † 102.8 0.1 25.4 15.7 37.3 0.9 8.4 0.9 11.8 0.8 14.3 0.1 2.0 13.7 0.1 0.2 238.0 651.8 387.8 264.0 199.1 49.3 37.8 489.8 576.9 8.2 117.7 21.6 2.2 0.7 4.0 † 0.2 29.6 184.1 13.6 18.6 7.9 18.4 54.9 224.1 11.6 4.3 67.6 22.3 5.9 23.1 18.6 9.0 77.5 33.6 4.1 45.3 5.0 113.4 2.0 836.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.8 † † 0.1 3.3 0.6 0.1 2.9 0.2 † 0.1 1.8 4.2 3.6 13.3 0.6 6.5 6.3 12.6 19.1 45.1 41.1 0.4 732.3 0.1 134.9 16.0 121.2 1.7 10.8 6.9 14.3 1.0 29.2 0.8 8.0 21.4 4.7 1.4 1146.2 2805.5 1616.8 1188.8 768.2 Wind Solar 3.0% 11.9% 34.5% 291.2% 10.1% 14.9% 10.3% 23.5% 253.6% 639.6% 15.2% 60.7% 47.7% 23.1% 7.4% 925.6% 6.6% 337.1% 9.6% 2.2% – – – 33.0% 19.9% 4.2% 20.4% 38.3% 23.3% -6.0% 27.7% 1.1% 14.9% -2.5% 2.5% 97.5% 22.8% 13.7% 14.6% 3.8% 15.5% 4.5% 19.6% 123.2% 13.2% 7.4% 8.5% 40.5% 42.8% 32.2% 17.5% 137.7% 8.9% 26.9% 6.7% -2.1% 10.4% 18.0% 19.6% 50.1% – 16.3% 8.8% 40.0% 58.6% 162.8% 12.7% -1.4% 138.7% 13.9% 14.6% 11.6% 63.8% 11.6% 7.4% 1.5% 28.7% 105.8% 32.7% 57.7% – – – 133.3% 5.6% 64.6% 30.1% 55.8% 7.2% 28.2% – – – 72.8% – 116.7% – – – – – 367.4% – 217.2% 11.9% – 2.1% 95.4% – 2.0% 37.5% 143.4% 22.4% 66.4% 0.7% 6.6% 102.5% 345.3% 22.5% 96.7% 19.0% 46.2% – 41.2% 10.9% 26.5% -3.4% -3.4% 5.0% 27.3% – 218.1% 17.2% 14.0% – 64.6% 9.1% 27.7% 52.3% 13.7% 1.9% 6.6% – 44.0% 6.6% 25.6% – 16.2% 11.0% 51.3% 36.6% 0.5% 58.2% 3583.7% 32.0% 43.5% 10.9% 25.8% 12.6% 24.3% 12.9% 17.4% 12.0% 33.2% 14.3% 8.5% Other renewables‡ Total 4.7% 7.7% 62.4% 10.8% 8.5% -4.4% 10.5% -2.1% -3.8% 104.2% 10.7% 3.4% 20.9% 9.1% 2.0% -3.4% 29.4% 6.3% 15.2% 29.7% – – – 1695.2% 7.7% 7.4% 13.7% 4.7% 10.2% -1.4% 10.5% -6.3% 1.7% 2.0% 1.4% 0.1% 17.0% 2.1% 8.4% -0.9% 11.1% 2.2% 20.9% -6.4% 3.0% -8.0% 18.4% 23.7% 41.9% 27.6% 17.6% 12.2% 9.1% 4.8% 5.8% 24.6% 11.0% 1.7% 16.1% 10.1% 6.9% -2.7% 19.8% 26.1% 100.2% 9.5% 8.5% 5.1% 86.6% 16.1% 10.6% 2.5% 28.1% – 4.3% 4.5% 49.6% 110.6% 31.5% -0.5% – – – 133.3% 16.9% – 31.1% 0.7% 12.5% – – – 65.9% – 92.2% – – – – – – 367.4% – 216.0% 9.3% – 78.0% – 2.0% – 82.7% – 31.1% – 3.0% – 73.4% 1.6% 40.0% 1.5% 27.3% 0.6% 39.5% – 15.1% 9.7% 10.8% 11.2% 9.8% -3.2% 9.4% 9.3% 25.2% 59.5% 29.3% 8.5% 2.7% 0.9% 33.5% -5.2% 2.4% 2.0% 5.9% -0.8% 22.2% 22.9% 7.4% 6.5% 25.3% 1.3% 20.2% 26.4% – 849.3% 31.1% – 16.3% 14.1% 6.0% 13.7% 12.1% 5.7% 15.9% 6.5% 9.6% 1.3% *Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ‡Includes electricity generated from: geothermal, biomass and other sources of renewable energy (not already itemized). †Less than 0.05. ◆Less than 0.05%. A more extensive time series of renewables by source is available at bp.com/statisticalreview. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 55 Renewables: Biofuels production* Growth rate per annum Share 2019 Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Total CIS Total Middle East Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia South Korea Thailand Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 14 – 445 460 19 286 5 4 315 7 3 4 44 47 14 5 8 4 17 3 4 20 180 † † 5 4 31 2 3 4 12 8 65 1025 646 378 179 16 † 526 542 32 316 8 4 360 7 7 6 43 59 15 7 8 5 19 4 5 20 205 1 † 6 3 30 4 4 6 16 8 69 1183 755 428 204 19 † 585 604 42 270 10 5 327 7 8 4 42 58 11 13 8 6 16 4 3 22 201 1 † 6 4 37 5 27 5 17 16 111 1250 811 439 199 20 † 557 577 43 276 11 5 335 7 8 5 49 54 6 24 12 5 12 4 6 26 218 1 † 4 4 39 5 33 7 24 22 133 1268 803 465 216 19 † 582 601 38 321 12 7 378 7 8 6 48 58 9 28 13 5 14 4 9 28 237 † † 4 5 44 5 41 7 30 28 160 1381 846 535 235 21 † 617 638 49 337 12 8 406 6 11 7 51 65 10 34 14 6 19 4 7 28 262 † † 5 5 49 5 59 7 34 34 193 1505 908 597 260 22 † 634 656 38 362 12 8 421 7 7 8 53 60 10 36 15 6 21 4 6 32 265 † † 7 4 42 10 24 8 36 36 161 1511 929 581 262 23 † 673 696 53 340 12 10 415 8 7 2 49 60 10 29 17 6 22 4 10 33 257 † † 7 4 40 12 54 8 31 34 183 1560 961 599 254 25 † 696 722 58 342 11 10 422 7 8 6 52 62 12 37 17 6 29 3 14 35 289 † † 8 2 49 11 50 8 37 33 191 1631 1016 615 285 25 † 717 742 51 413 14 11 489 7 8 5 58 64 13 36 17 6 34 4 13 39 304 † † 9 3 47 19 91 8 40 35 243 1787 1052 736 299 29 † 697 726 46 444 13 12 516 7 9 6 51 64 14 35 18 7 30 4 11 40 296 † † 9 3 50 24 123 8 43 43 294 1842 1027 814 291 14.4% – -2.7% -2.1% -9.9% 7.6% -4.6% 7.2% 5.4% -1.7% 7.9% 4.9% -13.1% 0.6% 12.2% -1.8% 5.5% 20.2% -13.4% 26.3% -14.9% 2.5% -2.6% – – 6.6% 6.3% 6.6% 24.9% 35.7% -3.2% 8.1% 21.6% 21.0% 3.0% -2.3% 10.6% -2.8% 9.4% 1.6% ◆ – 6.2% 37.9% 6.3% 39.4% 16.1% 2.5% 3.6% 24.1% 18.7% 0.7% 2.1% 0.7% 4.6% 28.0% 3.7% 0.4% – 0.5% 12.8% 0.3% 4.1% 2.7% 3.1% 3.5% 0.8% 0.8% 37.8% 1.9% 12.1% 1.0% 8.2% 0.4% 17.0% 1.6% 3.6% 0.2% 9.2% 0.6% 8.9% 2.2% 7.6% 16.1% ◆ 12.1% ◆ – 25.5% 0.5% -0.7% 0.2% 5.3% 2.7% 20.9% 1.3% 27.1% 6.7% 11.3% 0.4% 14.9% 2.3% 17.0% 2.3% 14.6% 15.9% 6.8% 100.0% 6.7% 55.8% 7.1% 44.2% 7.6% 15.8% 15 507 281 7 36 – † 6 32 883 560 323 36 17 531 231 9 41 – † 6 40 875 591 283 41 17 502 236 10 47 – † 4 42 858 569 290 47 17 506 278 13 53 † † 4 48 921 579 342 51 17 545 287 16 53 † † 5 55 978 617 361 52 17 564 304 18 58 † † 6 59 1027 641 386 57 17 585 284 21 54 † † 6 54 1021 657 363 53 18 607 279 22 57 † † 5 61 1050 683 367 56 19 613 334 24 59 † † 6 67 1122 692 430 57 22 601 357 24 57 † † 6 76 1143 681 462 55 11.9% -2.0% 6.9% 1.0% -3.7% – – 0.5% 13.3% 1.8% -1.7% 7.5% -3.8% 8.2% 1.9% 5.7% 52.6% 2.1% 31.3% 8.0% 2.1% 8.7% 4.9% ◆ – ◆ – 20.8% 0.5% 8.8% 6.6% 4.8% 100.0% 5.9% 59.6% 3.3% 40.4% 8.6% 4.8% 2 19 35 37 168 1 – – 37 300 195 105 168 2 54 39 48 160 1 – – 71 375 220 155 159 2 55 40 49 171 1 – † 91 409 234 175 169 2 76 43 43 184 † – † 111 460 267 193 183 4 71 50 53 209 † – † 138 526 291 236 209 5 70 58 40 207 † – 1 102 483 288 195 205 6 87 56 54 204 † – 2 130 539 304 235 202 7 89 63 57 232 † – 2 130 581 333 248 229 6 104 79 52 246 † – 3 176 665 359 306 242 7 96 87 47 240 † – 3 218 699 347 352 236 22.0% -7.2% 10.3% -9.8% -2.4% – – 19.5% 24.0% 5.1% -3.4% 15.0% -2.6% 15.7% 1.0% 10.6% 13.8% 16.5% 12.4% 15.8% 6.8% 7.4% 34.3% 12.1% 0.1% – – – 0.5% 18.0% 31.2% 11.6% 100.0% 8.3% 49.6% 17.6% 50.4% 7.3% 33.7% Biofuels production by fuel type Biogasoline Canada & Mexico 13 US 417 Brazil 263 Other S. & Cent. America 6 Europe 31 CIS – Middle East † Africa 5 Asia Pacific 31 Total World 765 of which: OECD 463 Non-OECD 302 European Union 30 Biodiesel Canada & Mexico 2 US 29 Brazil 24 Other S. & Cent. America 22 Europe 149 CIS † Middle East – Africa – Asia Pacific 34 Total World 260 of which: OECD 183 Non-OECD 77 European Union 148 *Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. †Less than 0.5. ◆Less Source: includes data from F.O. Lichts; US Energy Information Administration (March 2020). than 0.05%. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels a day oil equivalent figures. 56 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 2008-18 Renewables: Biofuels consumption* Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Colombia Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Total CIS Total Middle East Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia South Korea Thailand Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union Growth rate per annum 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 15 2 438 456 – 253 † 9 262 10 2 2 45 51 21 7 12 4 6 6 19 19 205 † † † 20 29 † 3 5 12 4 74 997 683 314 203 16 2 504 522 10 269 † 11 290 10 7 2 44 52 26 4 12 6 27 9 22 23 244 1 † † 31 29 † 3 7 13 9 91 1148 805 343 241 25 2 541 567 14 246 1 12 272 10 7 4 44 54 25 6 13 6 32 11 20 27 258 1 † † 33 34 1 5 6 14 10 103 1201 864 337 255 29 2 539 570 17 232 1 14 264 10 7 4 48 57 28 6 14 5 39 12 17 31 279 1 † † 29 39 1 10 7 18 12 116 1229 883 346 274 33 2 583 618 19 273 1 15 308 8 6 4 49 51 24 6 14 5 17 12 20 38 255 † † † 28 46 1 15 7 23 15 135 1317 905 412 244 34 3 591 629 23 301 1 16 340 10 8 8 53 54 20 7 13 5 18 16 22 37 272 † † † 26 61 1 27 7 28 19 170 1412 934 477 266 34 3 615 651 25 357 1 17 399 12 5 8 53 50 25 6 12 7 19 19 18 37 272 † † 1 24 36 2 13 8 31 23 138 1463 957 506 266 34 4 661 699 26 324 1 17 368 10 8 3 53 50 25 5 8 5 21 25 18 43 276 † † 1 20 42 3 44 8 32 25 174 1518 1003 515 265 35 4 662 701 30 341 1 18 389 9 9 7 54 51 25 8 11 5 25 28 18 50 300 † † 1 23 43 2 38 8 35 26 175 1567 1032 535 284 37 4 655 696 29 395 1 18 443 9 9 6 53 54 26 12 17 5 32 27 24 53 327 † † 1 26 50 2 55 13 38 26 209 1676 1060 617 313 38 4 655 696 30 437 1 19 486 10 9 6 56 54 15 14 18 5 25 28 31 56 325 † † 2 25 44 2 111 13 45 26 267 1776 1056 720 311 2.1% 1.4% -0.1% 0.1% 2.1% 10.6% 2.8% 4.7% 9.8% 1.4% -1.4% 4.5% 0.1% -42.6% 15.8% 6.7% -1.4% -22.1% 3.3% 27.4% 6.1% -0.5% 0.5% 1.7% 19.1% -2.3% -10.4% -0.5% 102.0% 0.7% 16.9% 1.7% 27.5% 6.0% -0.4% 16.8% -0.7% 10.5% 2.1% 8.4% 0.2% 5.5% 36.9% 5.7% 39.2% n/a 1.7% 5.6% 24.6% ◆ 11.5% 8.8% 1.1% 6.4% 27.4% 1.9% 0.5% n/a 0.5% 15.8% 0.3% 2.3% 3.1% 0.4% 3.0% 7.2% 0.8% 8.0% 0.8% 7.6% 1.0% 7.5% 0.3% 23.6% 1.4% 15.8% 1.6% 5.0% 1.8% 12.8% 3.1% 6.6% 18.3% ◆ 12.7% ◆ -4.0% 59.1% 0.1% 6.3% 1.4% 6.5% 2.5% 6.6% 0.1% 57.1% 6.3% 14.4% 0.7% 15.4% 2.5% 29.1% 1.5% 14.0% 15.0% 6.8% 100.0% 6.1% 59.4% 8.2% 40.6% 6.2% 17.5% 490 16 234 9 56 – † † 61 867 596 271 56 491 22 208 10 58 – † † 66 857 606 250 58 489 26 191 12 58 – † † 66 843 604 240 58 503 29 230 15 55 – † † 73 905 616 289 53 512 32 251 17 55 – † † 77 945 627 318 53 531 32 299 19 56 – † † 77 1015 646 369 54 545 33 268 21 54 – † † 86 1007 657 350 51 552 33 277 23 57 – † † 95 1037 670 367 54 549 35 316 24 59 – † † 94 1077 673 404 56 554 36 349 24 64 – † † 94 1122 682 439 61 0.8% 3.3% 10.5% 3.3% 8.8% n/a 1.7% 4.3% -0.2% 4.1% 1.3% 8.8% 9.2% 4.1% 49.4% 9.0% 3.2% 4.0% 31.1% 14.4% 2.2% 4.7% 5.7% n/a – ◆ -4.0% ◆ 19.2% 9.8% 8.4% 4.8% 100.0% 4.5% 60.8% 5.2% 39.2% 4.2% 5.4% 15 2 35 12 187 1 – – 30 281 210 72 185 49 4 38 16 200 1 – – 36 344 258 86 197 50 5 40 20 220 1 – – 49 386 280 106 216 80 5 43 20 200 † – – 63 412 289 122 191 79 6 50 22 217 † – † 93 467 307 159 213 83 4 58 23 217 † – 1 61 448 311 137 212 116 5 56 23 222 † – 1 89 511 346 165 214 111 6 63 25 243 † – 1 80 530 362 168 230 106 6 79 24 268 † – 1 115 599 386 213 257 101 5 87 25 261 † – 1 173 655 374 281 250 -4.5% -5.7% 11.0% 2.9% -2.6% 0.5% n/a 20.0% 50.1% 9.2% -3.3% 31.9% -2.8% 20.1% 15.4% 27.7% 0.8% 16.9% 13.3% 29.1% 3.8% 7.0% 39.9% 12.7% 0.1% n/a – n/a 0.2% 19.4% 26.4% 12.1% 100.0% 9.6% 57.1% 19.3% 42.9% 6.7% 38.1% Biofuels consumption by fuel type Biogasoline US 420 Canada & Mexico 16 Brazil 230 Other S. & Cent. America 7 Europe 45 CIS – Middle East † Africa † Asia Pacific 48 Total World 766 of which: OECD 502 Non-OECD 264 European Union 45 Biodiesel US 18 Canada & Mexico 1 Brazil 23 Other S. & Cent. America 3 Europe 160 CIS † Middle East – Africa – Asia Pacific 26 Total World 231 of which: OECD 181 Non-OECD 50 European Union 158 ◆ 2008-18 Share 2019 2009 *Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. †Less than 0.5. ◆Less than 0.05%. Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day figures. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 57 World biofuels production Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day 2000 Rest of World Asia Pacific Europe S. & Cent. America North America 750 Ethanol 2009 Ethanol 2019 Biodiesel 2009 Biodiesel 2019 625 1500 500 375 1000 250 500 125 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 0 North America S. & Cent. America Europe Asia Pacific Rest of World 0 Biofuels production growth averaged 3% (54,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day or boe/d, less than half the 10-year average. Growth was led by Brazil (31,000 boe/d) and Indonesia (32,000 boe/d) but US output declined by 19,000 boe/d. Growth was weighted towards biodiesel, which grew by 34,000 boe/d driven largely by Indonesia. Biodiesel is the dominant fuel in Europe and Asia Pacific (making up 81% and 74% of biofuels respectively in 2019), while ethanol is the main fuel in North America (86% of total) and S&C America (74%). World biofuels consumption Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day 2000 Rest of World Asia Europe S. & Cent. America North America 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 2000 Biodiesel Ethanol 1500 1500 1000 1000 500 500 0 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 Biofuels consumption rose by 6% (100,000 boe/d). As with production, growth was driven mainly by Brazil (42,000 boe/d), most of which was ethanol and Indonesia (56,000 boe/d), which was largely biodiesel. At the global level, ethanol made up 63% of biofuels in 2019, but the share of biodiesel has risen continually. For example, biodiesel’s share was 23% in 2009 but rose to 37% last year. 58 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0 Electricity Electricity generation* Growth rate per annum Terawatt-hours Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Other CIS Total CIS Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Algeria Egypt Morocco South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia Bangladesh China China Hong Kong SAR India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD European Union 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 2008-18 613.9 607.0 638.3 636.5 655.7 647.6 659.3 267.8 275.6 292.1 296.4 297.1 303.3 310.3 4206.5 4394.3 4363.4 4310.6 4330.3 4363.3 4348.7 5088.2 5276.8 5293.8 5243.5 5283.1 5314.2 5318.4 122.3 126.0 129.5 136.0 139.4 138.6 145.4 466.2 515.8 531.8 552.5 570.8 590.5 581.2 59.7 61.3 65.2 69.7 73.0 71.6 74.5 63.2 64.7 66.2 67.7 69.8 72.7 75.0 18.3 19.5 20.5 22.8 23.3 24.3 26.0 32.9 35.9 38.8 41.0 43.3 45.5 48.3 7.8 8.5 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.9 10.3 124.8 116.7 122.9 127.9 130.0 128.3 123.8 187.7 192.0 197.4 204.6 208.5 205.9 212.4 1082.9 1140.4 1181.1 1231.4 1267.7 1287.5 1296.9 69.1 71.1 65.9 72.4 68.0 65.1 64.9 91.2 95.2 90.2 82.9 83.5 72.6 69.8 82.3 85.9 87.6 87.6 87.1 86.0 83.9 72.5 81.1 73.7 70.5 71.4 68.2 68.8 535.9 569.3 565.0 564.5 573.8 564.2 570.3 595.6 633.1 613.1 630.1 638.7 627.8 648.1 61.4 57.4 59.4 61.0 57.2 50.5 51.9 35.9 37.4 36.0 34.6 30.3 29.4 30.4 292.6 302.1 302.6 299.3 289.8 279.8 283.0 113.5 118.1 113.0 102.5 100.9 103.4 110.1 131.8 123.6 127.6 147.7 134.0 142.0 144.5 151.7 157.7 163.5 162.1 164.6 159.1 164.9 50.2 54.1 52.5 46.6 51.7 52.8 52.4 58.0 61.0 62.2 59.0 58.9 63.3 66.3 296.3 300.4 291.8 297.6 285.3 278.8 281.0 136.7 148.3 151.2 166.3 153.2 153.7 162.1 68.3 68.0 64.8 70.0 70.4 72.0 67.9 194.8 211.2 229.4 239.5 240.2 252.0 261.8 173.6 188.8 194.9 198.9 194.4 182.8 163.7 376.8 382.1 368.0 363.9 358.3 338.1 338.9 306.5 320.0 307.1 295.4 309.2 297.2 298.2 3894.7 4065.8 4019.4 4052.4 4020.6 3938.5 3982.9 18.9 18.7 20.3 23.0 23.4 24.7 24.7 30.4 34.9 32.2 30.8 31.5 34.7 34.2 78.7 82.6 86.6 90.6 92.6 94.6 91.6 993.1 1038.0 1054.9 1069.3 1059.1 1064.2 1067.5 16.0 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.9 20.1 21.5 50.1 51.9 52.8 53.0 54.9 55.4 57.3 39.1 41.1 44.6 46.0 43.3 44.1 44.0 1226.2 1284.0 1308.5 1330.4 1323.7 1337.9 1340.9 221.8 235.7 235.6 248.8 258.9 273.5 279.5 41.3 41.7 42.2 47.8 62.1 71.2 75.3 55.3 58.5 59.3 63.0 61.4 61.3 64.3 53.2 57.1 57.5 62.7 61.0 65.1 68.3 18.4 19.8 21.9 25.0 26.2 29.1 32.8 24.2 28.1 30.7 34.8 34.7 38.7 41.5 217.3 240.1 250.1 271.7 284.1 311.8 338.5 85.7 93.9 99.1 106.2 110.0 116.5 127.4 90.7 98.7 93.4 88.3 83.7 83.5 81.6 807.9 873.7 889.7 948.2 982.0 1050.9 1109.0 43.1 45.7 53.1 57.4 59.9 64.2 68.8 134.3 144.4 149.6 162.8 165.1 171.2 181.8 21.7 23.7 25.4 27.7 28.1 29.3 30.3 249.6 259.6 262.5 257.9 256.1 254.8 250.1 178.5 198.1 198.5 214.8 234.2 247.9 256.3 627.1 671.6 689.0 720.6 743.4 767.4 787.4 249.9 251.0 256.3 250.7 249.6 247.6 255.2 37.2 40.8 44.2 48.7 54.4 57.4 61.8 3714.7 4207.2 4713.0 4987.6 5431.6 5794.5 5814.6 38.7 38.4 39.1 38.8 39.2 39.9 38.0 879.7 937.5 1034.0 1091.8 1146.1 1262.2 1317.3 156.8 169.8 183.4 200.3 216.2 228.6 234.0 1114.0 1156.0 1104.2 1106.9 1087.8 1062.7 1030.1 116.1 125.0 127.1 134.1 141.0 147.5 150.1 43.4 44.9 44.4 44.2 43.3 43.5 44.2 98.8 99.4 100.6 99.5 101.8 106.2 106.7 61.9 67.7 69.2 72.9 75.3 77.3 82.4 41.8 45.4 46.0 46.9 48.0 49.3 50.3 452.4 495.0 518.2 531.2 537.2 540.4 547.8 10.0 10.8 11.6 11.9 12.0 12.9 13.2 230.0 247.1 252.2 250.4 252.4 260.0 258.2 145.9 157.6 153.3 169.0 168.6 173.8 177.8 80.6 91.7 101.5 115.1 124.5 141.3 157.9 65.3 72.5 76.8 78.2 84.4 88.4 91.1 7537.5 8257.7 8875.1 9278.2 9813.1 10333.4 10430.8 20264.4 21569.9 22256.6 22804.7 23433.5 24029.8 24266.3 10577.2 10998.1 10948.2 10955.3 10944.1 10882.9 10931.2 9687.2 10571.8 11308.5 11849.4 12489.4 13146.9 13335.1 3224.4 3364.7 3299.2 3295.4 3269.6 3188.4 3236.6 663.0 320.3 4347.9 5331.2 147.2 578.9 77.7 74.4 27.3 51.7 10.7 113.8 224.8 1306.6 67.9 85.7 83.3 68.8 556.2 650.7 54.4 31.9 289.8 115.2 149.0 166.6 60.3 65.1 274.6 156.1 63.3 274.4 164.6 339.2 305.9 4023.1 25.0 33.6 94.6 1091.0 22.6 59.1 43.5 1369.3 286.1 86.3 67.3 70.1 34.2 42.3 345.6 129.6 82.0 1143.6 71.0 188.2 30.7 252.7 259.8 802.5 258.5 70.0 6133.2 38.3 1401.7 247.9 1030.3 156.7 43.7 120.0 90.8 51.6 561.0 14.4 264.1 179.8 175.7 108.9 10946.5 24922.9 11005.3 13917.6 3259.4 664.5 329.1 4302.5 5296.1 145.6 589.3 78.6 75.1 28.0 52.7 11.0 109.4 218.2 1308.0 70.7 86.6 87.0 67.1 554.1 653.7 55.3 32.9 295.8 117.3 149.4 170.5 59.4 64.3 275.6 164.3 63.3 297.3 156.0 338.2 303.5 4062.2 24.3 34.5 103.1 1091.2 22.8 60.8 46.3 1383.0 305.2 93.6 67.6 72.9 36.1 45.6 355.2 134.6 86.4 1197.0 76.0 193.2 31.6 255.1 272.1 828.1 259.1 73.4 6604.4 37.0 1473.8 254.6 1042.6 160.6 44.2 122.5 94.4 52.2 576.4 15.0 270.3 176.7 191.6 119.6 11568.6 25643.0 11055.2 14587.8 3290.0 652.3 349.3 4457.4 5459.0 146.8 601.4 82.3 78.3 29.7 54.9 10.6 105.1 222.0 1331.0 68.0 74.9 88.0 70.2 574.2 643.5 53.3 32.0 289.7 114.5 147.1 170.0 59.6 64.8 274.5 163.4 69.4 304.8 159.9 332.9 312.7 4067.2 25.2 38.9 107.3 1109.2 24.2 62.9 48.6 1416.3 314.4 99.9 69.0 74.2 37.7 47.9 359.2 136.0 85.8 1224.1 76.7 199.4 34.4 256.3 279.0 845.8 263.1 81.1 7166.1 36.6 1551.4 267.1 1056.2 167.3 44.2 136.0 99.8 52.9 593.4 15.7 275.6 177.6 209.2 115.9 12309.3 26652.7 11246.1 15406.6 3270.1 660.4 364.0 4401.3 5425.7 139.9 625.6 83.9 75.2 32.9 57.3 11.1 84.9 218.6 1329.3 73.4 93.6 87.0 68.7 555.4 612.4 50.2 33.9 283.8 121.0 134.8 163.9 53.7 59.5 275.8 169.8 68.3 308.5 154.5 323.7 301.5 3993.3 26.3 40.4 108.4 1118.1 25.7 62.9 49.2 1431.0 318.7 131.5 71.8 75.0 37.4 48.6 357.4 138.1 86.1 1264.7 81.3 200.6 40.1 252.6 295.6 870.1 265.1 89.7 7503.4 36.9 1558.7 279.1 1036.3 171.0 44.6 136.3 105.8 54.1 584.7 16.2 274.2 186.5 227.4 120.2 12690.5 27004.7 11136.0 15868.7 3215.3 1.2% 4.2% -1.3% -0.6% -4.7% 4.0% 1.9% -3.9% 10.7% 4.4% 5.1% -19.3% -1.5% -0.1% 8.0% 24.9% -1.2% -2.1% -3.3% -4.8% -5.8% 6.0% -2.0% 5.7% -8.3% -3.6% -10.0% -8.2% 0.5% 3.9% -1.6% 1.2% -3.4% -2.8% -3.6% -1.8% 4.4% 3.8% 1.0% 0.8% 6.3% 0.3% 2.6% 0.2% 0.3% 1.9% 2.7% 3.3% 2.5% 4.8% 5.4% 3.2% -1.3% 1.7% 2.2% 0.2% -1.2% 0.5% -1.0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ◆ 1.1% 1.0% 1.4% 31.6% 4.1% 1.1% -0.7% 1.4% -0.5% 1.5% 0.4% 3.3% 6.0% 0.6% 16.6% -1.5% 6.0% 2.9% 0.8% 10.6% 4.7% 0.9% 0.5% 4.5% -1.9% 2.2% 0.8% 0.2% 6.1% 2.3% -1.5% 3.1% -0.5% 5.0% 8.7% 3.7% 3.1% 1.3% -1.0% 3.0% -1.7% ◆ ◆ -1.8% -2.2% -1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 0.9% 2.6% ◆ -1.3% 0.9% 0.1% 4.4% -1.8% -1.5% 0.1% -0.1% 1.5% 1.1% 2.9% 0.6% 4.9% 2.3% 2.0% 1.0% 4.1% 11.0% 2.1% 3.7% 8.9% 8.3% 5.8% 5.4% -0.1% 4.8% 6.7% 4.5% 5.1% -0.1% 5.0% 3.2% 0.7% 9.0% 7.4% -0.4% 6.5% 6.0% -1.1% 3.9% 0.1% 3.9% 5.1% 2.4% 3.0% 4.6% 1.5% 2.0% 11.4% 5.7% 5.4% 2.7% 0.2% 5.1% -0.4% Share 2019 2.4% 1.3% 16.3% 20.1% 0.5% 2.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% ◆ 0.3% 0.8% 4.9% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 2.1% 2.3% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.1% 0.6% 1.2% 1.1% 14.8% 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 4.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 5.3% 1.2% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 1.3% 0.5% 0.3% 4.7% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.9% 1.1% 3.2% 1.0% 0.3% 27.8% 0.1% 5.8% 1.0% 3.8% 0.6% 0.2% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 2.2% 0.1% 1.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.4% 47.0% 100.0% 41.2% 58.8% 11.9% *Based on gross output. ◆Less than 0.05%. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 59 Regional electricity generation by fuel 2019 Percentage Oil Natural gas Coal Nuclear Hydroelectricity Renewables Other (includes sources not specified elsewhere e.g. pumped hydro, non-renewable waste and statistical differences) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 North America S. & Cent. America Europe CIS Middle East Africa Asia Pacific 0 Natural gas is the dominant fuel used for power generation in North America, CIS, the Middle East and Africa. South and Central America gets more than half of its power from hydroelectricity, with a share far higher than any other region. In Asia, coal is the dominant fuel. In Europe, nuclear energy is the top source of electricity, but only just, as generation is spread fairly evenly between five different fuels: the shares of nuclear, coal, natural gas, renewables and hydro are all in a narrow range of 16-23%. Share of global electricity generation by fuel Renewables share of power generation by region Percentage Percentage Hydroelectricity Nuclear energy Renewables Oil Coal Natural gas 50 Other 40 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15 19 25 World Asia Pacific Africa Middle East CIS Europe S. & Cent. America North America 20 30 15 20 10 10 5 0 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 At the global level, coal is the dominant fuel for power generation, however its share fell 1.5 percentage points to 36.4% in 2019, the lowest level in our data series. The shares of both natural gas and renewables rose to record levels last year (to 23.3% and 10.4% respectively) and renewables generation surpassed nuclear for the first time. Regionally, there is significant variation in the penetration of renewables: Europe has the highest penetration at 20.9% – twice the global average, followed by South & Central America at 13.9%. 60 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 0 Electricity generation by fuel* 2018 Terawatt-hours Canada Mexico US Total North America Argentina Brazil Other S. & C. America Total S. & C. America Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Other Europe Total Europe Kazakhstan Russian Federation Other CIS Total CIS Iran Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Middle East Total Middle East Egypt South Africa Other Africa Total Africa Australia China India Indonesia Japan Malaysia South Korea Taiwan Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Pacific Total Asia Pacific Total World of which: OECD Non-OECD EU Oil 3.8 35.7 27.1 66.7 6.7 12.2 95.1 113.9 5.2 11.0 1.3 1.8 14.5 0.3 0.7 1.7 19.5 56.1 0.8 6.8 0.9 8.5 86.0 158.8 † 147.5 392.3 28.8 1.2 49.3 79.3 5.4 5.5 8.5 18.1 66.2 1.3 10.1 8.2 0.2 0.2 49.9 173.5 890.4 196.4 694.0 52.6 Natural Gas 2019 Coal Nuclear energy Hydro electric Renewables Other‡ Total 64.1 50.6 194.6 29.0 1579.3 1246.7 1838.0 1326.3 84.9 2.1 54.6 23.7 104.0 44.6 243.5 70.4 82.5 228.2 128.5 31.0 57.7 27.5 12.6 133.3 58.0 38.7 92.5 113.2 9.0 52.1 131.5 16.8 157.5 215.8 729.9 856.6 20.7 79.6 511.1 190.3 148.6 4.1 680.4 274.0 209.0 0.6 200.0 – 134.7 – 238.0 20.6 781.6 21.3 153.7 – 1.9 224.6 175.8 32.0 331.3 256.6 51.4 156.5 215.5 4765.0 73.9 1167.3 57.3 160.0 386.9 323.0 64.8 73.5 160.9 250.9 92.4 131.2 116.3 35.8 40.1 83.9 218.2 138.9 1477.7 7286.1 6082.5 10091.3 3201.2 2829.6 2881.3 7261.7 621.2 643.6 100.0 13.6 849.6 963.2 6.9 15.7 – 22.5 76.0 – 3.5 – 55.8 – 84.4 65.1 651.1 935.8 – 204.6 2.1 206.7 6.9 – – – 6.9 – 11.1 – 11.1 – 295.0 39.1 – 49.1 – 133.5 27.7 – – 9.8 554.1 2700.4 1969.8 730.6 827.0 385.9 32.5 289.5 707.9 41.6 389.0 287.6 718.2 18.0 47.1 0.1 2.0 34.8 59.9 10.4 5.5 467.5 645.3 10.4 190.6 43.3 244.3 11.4 – – 3.1 14.5 13.4 0.8 116.3 130.4 17.4 1198.9 139.6 16.8 81.0 26.5 3.4 4.5 7.6 84.5 130.8 1710.9 4171.4 1423.0 2748.4 346.9 47.1 23.3 451.6 522.0 4.0 106.3 51.6 161.9 206.8 65.6 18.8 19.6 69.8 37.8 2.5 104.5 230.8 756.3 0.5 1.4 0.6 2.5 0.5 0.4 1.3 5.3 7.5 3.5 12.3 16.4 32.2 32.2 636.4 122.8 14.6 96.8 1.3 23.9 6.4 17.8 0.5 32.8 985.5 2468.0 1442.4 1025.6 700.9 0.7 20.6 13.6 34.9 0.5 – -0.1 0.5 26.8 6.5 5.6 0.7 2.9 1.0 0.7 7.8 35.2 87.1 -4.7 4.4 0.3 † – – – – – – 4.6 0.3 4.9 0.1 49.8 0.2 0.3 53.3 – 10.7 5.2 † – 1.9 121.5 248.9 183.9 65.0 77.9 652.3 349.3 4457.4 5459.0 146.8 601.4 582.8 1331.0 643.5 289.7 114.5 170.0 274.5 304.8 159.9 332.9 1777.5 4067.2 107.3 1109.2 199.9 1416.3 314.4 359.2 136.0 414.5 1224.1 199.4 256.3 390.1 845.8 263.1 7166.1 1551.4 267.1 1056.2 167.3 593.4 275.6 177.6 209.2 582.2 12309.3 26652.7 11246.1 15406.6 3270.1 Oil Natural Gas 4.1 37.7 20.0 61.8 2.8 7.9 75.6 86.3 5.1 10.2 1.4 1.2 13.4 0.2 0.2 1.0 19.0 51.8 0.8 6.9 0.9 8.6 82.6 149.6 † 163.9 396.1 28.2 1.2 51.9 81.3 5.8 6.0 8.2 17.3 44.7 2.6 7.4 5.8 1.1 1.4 39.1 139.5 825.3 164.9 660.4 49.1 69.3 205.6 1700.9 1975.8 82.3 58.9 103.8 245.0 91.0 126.5 71.0 14.8 86.0 58.1 9.2 132.5 179.1 768.1 20.8 519.5 152.7 693.0 199.5 206.0 133.9 253.5 792.9 152.5 1.9 186.1 340.5 54.4 236.5 71.0 51.6 362.4 68.6 150.8 91.1 121.8 43.1 231.4 1482.6 6297.9 3347.5 2950.4 692.2 Coal Nuclear energy Hydro electric Renewables Other‡ Total 54.6 26.3 1053.5 1134.4 0.7 25.7 47.8 74.3 171.2 29.7 17.4 121.9 13.1 114.6 48.3 6.9 175.6 698.6 78.1 182.2 4.0 264.2 0.6 – – 21.9 22.6 – 217.3 36.2 253.6 149.5 4853.7 1137.4 177.0 326.2 71.1 238.7 126.4 35.8 112.5 148.0 7376.4 9824.1 2471.0 7353.1 488.4 100.5 11.3 852.0 963.7 8.4 16.2 – 24.6 75.1 – 3.9 – 58.4 – 83.0 56.2 651.9 928.5 – 209.0 2.2 211.2 6.4 – – – 6.4 – 14.2 – 14.2 – 348.7 45.2 – 65.6 – 146.0 32.3 – – 9.5 647.3 2796.0 1993.0 803.0 822.4 382.0 23.8 271.2 676.9 37.1 399.3 278.3 714.7 20.2 45.1 0.1 2.0 25.2 89.2 6.8 6.0 438.0 632.5 10.0 194.4 44.0 248.4 29.0 – – 4.3 33.3 13.4 0.8 118.6 132.7 14.3 1269.7 161.8 17.0 73.9 27.0 2.8 5.5 6.3 65.6 139.7 1783.7 4222.2 1380.2 2842.1 327.9 49.3 37.8 489.8 576.9 8.2 117.7 58.3 184.1 224.1 67.6 22.3 23.1 77.5 45.3 5.0 113.4 258.3 836.6 0.8 1.8 0.7 3.3 0.6 1.8 4.2 6.8 13.3 6.5 12.6 26.0 45.1 41.1 732.3 134.9 16.0 121.2 1.7 29.2 8.0 21.4 4.7 35.7 1146.2 2805.5 1616.8 1188.8 768.2 0.7 21.6 14.0 36.2 0.5 – -0.1 0.4 25.7 4.7 5.0 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.9 7.8 27.9 77.2 -2.1 4.3 0.1 2.3 – – – – – – 4.6 -1.8 2.8 0.1 56.5 0.2 0.3 42.3 – 9.7 5.0 † – 0.5 114.8 233.6 162.6 71.0 67.2 660.4 364.0 4401.3 5425.7 139.9 625.6 563.8 1329.3 612.4 283.8 121.0 163.9 275.8 308.5 154.5 323.7 1749.7 3993.3 108.4 1118.1 204.5 1431.0 318.7 357.4 138.1 450.5 1264.7 200.6 252.6 417.0 870.1 265.1 7503.4 1558.7 279.1 1036.3 171.0 584.7 274.2 186.5 227.4 604.0 12690.5 27004.7 11136.0 15868.7 3215.3 *Based on gross output. ‡Includes sources not specified elsewhere e.g. pumped hydro, non-renewable waste and statistical discrepancies (which can be positive or negative). †Less than 0.05. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 61 Key minerals for the energy transition Cobalt production Mine production Growth rate per annum Thousand tonnes 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 Australia Canada Democratic Republic of Congo Cuba Madagascar Morocco New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Philippines Russian Federation South Africa Zambia Rest of World Total World 4.6 3.9 56.1 4.6 – 2.6 2.0 – 1.4 6.1 0.6 5.9 5.7 93.5 3.9 4.6 84.0 4.8 0.2 3.1 2.9 – 2.1 6.2 1.8 8.6 7.3 129.5 3.9 6.8 99.5 5.1 0.5 2.2 3.1 n/a 2.0 6.1 1.6 7.7 9.8 148.2 5.9 3.7 86.4 4.7 0.6 2.0 2.7 0.5 2.7 6.3 2.5 5.4 11.4 134.7 6.4 4.0 76.6 4.0 2.4 2.0 3.2 1.0 2.8 6.3 3.0 5.9 12.9 130.5 6.2 3.9 76.5 3.7 3.4 2.2 4.0 2.1 4.6 6.3 3.0 4.6 9.0 129.4 6.0 4.3 84.4 4.3 4.0 2.3 3.7 2.5 4.3 6.2 2.9 3.0 8.6 136.5 5.5 4.2 69.0 5.1 3.8 2.7 3.4 2.2 4.1 5.5 2.3 5.0 6.3 119.1 5.8 3.7 90.3 5.0 3.4 2.5 2.8 3.3 4.6 5.9 2.3 2.6 5.5 137.8 4.9 3.5 109.4 4.5 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.3 4.4 6.1 2.3 1.6 7.5 154.6 5.1 3.3 78.0 4.7 3.4 2.1 1.2 3.1 4.6 6.1 2.4 1.3 6.5 121.8 4.5% -5.3% -28.7% 4.4% 1.8% – -25.3% -5.5% 4.3% – 4.3% -20.0% -13.9% -21.2% 2008-18 Share 2019 0.2% 4.2% -8.9% 2.7% 9.9% 64.0% 1.2% 3.8% n/a 2.8% 2.1% 1.7% -2.4% 1.0% n/a 2.5% 14.0% 3.8% -0.2% 5.0% 14.6% 2.0% -10.1% 1.0% 1.7% 5.3% 6.4% 100.0% Sources: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data. Lithium production Mine production Growth rate per annum Thousand tonnes of lithium content 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 Argentina Australia Brazil Chile China Portugal US Zimbabwe Rest of World Total World 2.2 5.5 0.2 6.0 3.8 – 1.5 0.4 0.3 19.8 3.0 8.5 0.2 10.4 4.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 n/a 28.2 3.0 11.7 0.3 13.6 4.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 n/a 35.0 2.7 12.7 0.2 13.9 4.5 0.6 1.0 1.1 – 36.6 2.5 10.1 0.4 11.7 4.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 – 31.9 3.2 12.4 0.2 12.0 2.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 – 32.2 3.6 11.9 0.2 10.9 2.0 0.2 0.9 0.9 – 30.7 5.8 14.0 0.2 15.2 2.3 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.2 40.0 5.7 21.3 0.2 15.8 6.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 53.3 6.4 57.0 0.3 18.8 7.1 0.8 0.9 1.6 2.3 95.2 6.4 40.7 0.3 16.6 7.5 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.8 77.0 – -28.6% – -12.0% 5.6% 50.0% – – -21.8% -19.2% 2008-18 Share 2019 7.3% 8.3% 23.9% 52.9% 6.5% 0.4% 5.5% 21.5% 8.0% 9.7% 1.3% 1.6% -5.0% 1.2% 12.3% 2.1% 12.8% 2.3% 13.2% 100.0% Sources: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data. Natural graphite production Mine production Growth rate per annum Thousand tonnes Brazil Canada China India2 Madagascar Mexico Mozambique Russian Federation Sri Lanka Ukraine Zimbabwe Rest of World Total World 1 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 59.4 15.0 450.0 124.6 3.4 5.1 n/a 14.0 3.2 4.3 2.5 58.5 740.0 92.4 20.0 700.0 115.7 3.8 6.6 n/a 7.7 3.4 2.8 4.0 24.7 981.1 105.2 25.0 800.0 153.3 3.6 7.3 n/a 20.7 3.4 0.6 7.0 25.2 1151.3 88.1 24.0 820.0 134.7 2.9 7.5 n/a 14.3 4.2 4.6 6.0 49.7 1156.1 91.9 20.0 750.0 146.4 4.3 7.0 n/a 20.2 3.1 6.9 4.0 51.6 1105.5 87.0 30.0 780.0 116.7 5.3 9.2 n/a 17.6 4.0 13.8 7.0 37.1 1107.7 75.1 30.0 780.0 134.6 8.1 6.5 n/a 15.9 4.2 14.5 7.0 22.8 1098.7 85.0 30.0 780.0 122.4 9.2 3.8 n/a 19.4 4.0 14.6 6.0 21.6 1096.1 85.0 40.0 625.0 35.0 13.3 1.7 0 25.2 3.5 14.9 1.6 22.9 868.4 95.0 40.0 630.0 35.0 48.1 4.2 104.0 17.8 4.0 15.0 2.0 44.4 1039.5 96.0 40.0 700.0 35.0 48.1 4.2 153.0 16.6 4.0 15.0 2.0 48.4 1162.3 1.1% – 11.1% – – – 47.1% -6.7% – – Including beneficiated and directly shipped material. Run of the mine. than 0.05%. Share 2019 1.7% 8.3% 4.0% 3.4% -0.3% 60.2% -11.4% 3.0% 25.6% 4.1% -5.3% 0.4% n/a 13.2% 2.4% 1.4% -4.9% 0.3% 2.9% 1.3% -9.0% 0.2% 0.9% 4.2% 0.7% 100.0% Sources: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data. 1 2 ◆ 9.1% 11.8% 2008-18 ◆Less Rare earth metals production Mine production Growth rate per annum Thousand tonnes1 Australia Brazil China India Malaysia Russian Federation Thailand US Rest of World Total World 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 – 0.2 129.0 † † 1.9 4.0 – – 135.1 – 0.1 89.2 n/a 0.4 1.5 5.6 – 0.2 97.0 2.2 0.1 93.8 n/a 0.4 1.4 3.1 – 0.2 101.3 3.2 1.6 93.8 n/a 0.1 2.1 0.1 3.0 0.2 104.2 1.3 0.3 93.8 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.1 5.5 0.1 103.0 6.2 – 105.0 1.7 0.2 2.1 1.9 5.4 – 122.6 11.9 0.9 105.0 1.0 0.3 2.3 0.8 5.9 0.3 128.3 13.9 2.2 105.0 1.5 1.9 3.1 1.6 – 0.2 129.4 17.3 1.7 105.0 1.5 0.3 2.5 1.3 – 0.3 129.8 18.6 1.1 120.0 2.9 0.1 2.6 – 18.0 23.9 187.2 17.6 1.0 132.0 3.0 0.1 2.6 – 26.0 27.3 209.6 -5.1% -9.1% 10.0% 3.4% – – n/a 44.4% 14.1% 12.0% Thousand tonnes of rare earth oxide equivalent. 1 †Less than 0.05. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. 62 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 2008-18 Share 2019 n/a 8.4% 9.1% 0.5% -0.4% 63.0% 62.9% 1.4% ◆ -3.3% 0.5% 1.2% n/a – n/a 12.4% n/a 13.0% 3.9% 100.0% Sources: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data. Reserves of key minerals Cobalt reserves Natural graphite reserves Thousand tonnes Australia Canada Democratic Republic of Congo Cuba Madagascar Morocco New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Philippines Russian Federation South Africa Zambia Rest of World* Total World At end of 2019 Share R/P ratio 1200 230 3600 500 120 18 64 56 260 250 50 270 135 6753 17.8% 3.4% 53.3% 7.4% 1.8% 0.3% 0.9% 0.8% 3.9% 3.7% 0.7% 4.0% 2.0% 100.0% 234 69 46 107 36 9 52 18 56 41 21 213 21 55 Thousand tonnes At end of 2019 Share R/P ratio Brazil Canada China India Madagascar Mexico Mozambique Russian Federation Sri Lanka Ukraine Zimbabwe Rest of World* Total World 72000 n/a 73000 8000 1600 3100 25000 14800 n/a n/a n/a 118200 315700 22.8% n/a 23.1% 2.5% 0.5% 1.0% 7.9% 4.7% n/a n/a n/a 37.4% 100.0% 750 n/a 104 229 33 738 163 892 n/a n/a n/a 2440 272 Share R/P ratio 2.7% 17.7% 35.4% 5.5% 187 22000 333 2300 349 7960 n/a 54 920 593 Rare earth metals reserves Lithium reserves Thousand tonnes At end of 2019 Share R/P ratio Argentina Australia Brazil Chile China Portugal US Zimbabwe Rest of World* Total World 1700 2800 95 8600 1000 60 630 230 370 15485 11.0% 18.1% 0.6% 55.5% 6.5% 0.4% 4.1% 1.5% 2.4% 100% 266 69 317 519 133 50 700 144 206 201 Thousand tonnes At end of 2019 Australia Brazil China India Malaysia Russian Federation Thailand US Rest of World* Total World 3300 22000 44000 6900 30 20695 890 1400 25120 124335 *Rest of World is the sum of only recorded reserves. ◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available. Cobalt prices ◆ 16.6% 0.7% 1.1% 20.2% 100.0% Source (for all tables): includes data from US Geological Survey. Lithium carbonate prices Thousands of US dollars per tonne* Thousands of US dollars per tonne† 15 90 80 12 70 60 9 50 40 6 30 20 3 10 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 *2000-2012 spot grade for cathodes, source US Geological Survey. Data from 2013 onwards: min purity 99.8%, source London Metal Exchange. †2000-2008 unit value, data series 140, source US Geological Survey. Data from 2009 onwards: FOB South America, source Benchmark Mineral Intelligence. bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 63 Appendices Approximate conversion factors Crude oil* Units From 1 metric tonne To Tonnes (metric) Kilolitres Barrels US gallons Barrels per day tonnes (metric) kilolitres barrels Multiply by 1 0.8581 0.1364 0.00325 – 1.165 1 0.159 0.0038 – 7.33 6.2898 1 0.0238 – US gallons tonnes per year 307.86 264.17 42 1 – – – – – 49.8 1 kilolitre 1 kilocalorie (kcal) 1 kilojoule (kJ) *Based on worldwide average gravity. 1 petajoule (PJ) Products 1 exajoule (EJ) To convert Ethane Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Gasoline Kerosene Gas oil/diesel Residual fuel oil Product basket barrels to tonnes tonnes to barrels 0.059 0.086 0.120 0.127 0.134 0.157 0.124 16.850 11.600 8.350 7.880 7.460 6.350 8.058 kilolitres tonnes tonnes to tonnes to kilolitres to gigajoules Multiply by 0.373 0.541 0.753 0.798 0.843 0.991 0.781 2.679 1.849 1.328 1.253 1.186 1.010 1.281 tonnes to barrels oil equivalent 49.400 46.150 44.750 43.920 43.380 41.570 43.076 8.073 7.542 7.313 7.177 7.089 6.793 7.039 Calorific equivalents Natural gas (NG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) From One exajoule equals approximately: To 1 billion m3 NG 1 billion ft 3 NG 1 petajoule NG 1 million toe 1 million tonnes LNG 1 trillion Btu 1 million boe billion cubic metres NG billion cubic feet NG petajoules NG 1.000 0.028 0.028 1.163 1.360 0.029 0.170 35.315 1.000 0.981 41.071 48.028 1.035 6.003 36.000 1.019 1.000 41.868 48.747 1.050 6.093 1 British thermal unit (Btu) 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) 1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe) 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) 2204.62lb = = 1.1023 short tons = 6.2898 barrels = 1 cubic metre = 4.1868kJ = 3.968Btu = 1,000 joules = 0.239 kcal = 0.948 Btu = 1 quadrillion joules (1 x 1015) = 1 quintillion joules (1 x 1018) = 0.252kcal = 1.055kJ = 39.683 million Btu = 41.868 million kJ = 5.8 million Btu = 6.119 million kJ = 860kcal = 3600kJ = 3412Btu million toe million tonnes LNG Multiply by 0.860 0.024 0.024 1.000 1.169 0.025 0.146 0.735 0.021 0.021 0.855 1.000 0.022 0.125 trillion Btu million boe 34.121 0.966 0.952 39.683 46.405 1.000 5.800 5.883 0.167 0.164 6.842 8.001 0.172 1.000 Heat units Solid fuels Gaseous fuels Electricity 39 trillion kilocalories 2 948 trillion Btu 4 0 million tonnes of hard coal 95 million tonnes of lignite and sub-bituminous coal See Natural gas and LNG table 278 terawatt-hours All fuel energy content is net or lower heating value (i.e., net of heat of vaporisation of water generated from combustion). 1 barrel of ethanol = 0.58 barrels of oil equivalent 1 barrel of biodiesel = 0.86 barrels of oil equivalent 1 tonne of ethanol = 0.68 tonnes of oil equivalent 1 tonne of biodiesel = 0.88 tonnes of oil equivalent Methodology Methodology for converting non-fossil electricity generation to primary energy Primary energy consumption numbers for non-fossil based electricity (nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass in power and other renewables sources) are calculated on an ‘input-equivalent’ basis – i.e. based on the equivalent amount of fossil fuel input required to generate that amount of electricity in a standard thermal power plant. The table below quantifies these assumptions: 36% 2010 38.4% From this review onwards, the thermal efficiency assumption for the standard power plant is time varying, based on a simplified representation of measured average efficiency levels: 2001 36.2% 2011 38.6% 2002 36.5% 2012 38.8% 2003 36.7% 2013 39.1% 2004 36.9% 2014 39.3% 2005 37.2% 2015 39.5% 2006 37.4% 2016 39.8% 2007 37.6% 2017 40.0% 2008 37.9% 2018 40.2% 2009 38.1% 2019 40.4% 1965-2000: assumed constant efficiency of 36% 2000-2017: a linear increase from 36% to 40% based on observed data 2018 onwards: the annual rate of efficiency improvement is based on the simplified assumption that efficiency will increase linearly to 45% by 2050. Thermal equivalent efficiency factors used to convert non-fossil electricity to primary energy Year(s) 1965-2000 Efficiency factor Year(s) Efficiency factor For more details on the change in methodology please go to using the review at bp.com/statisticalreview. 64 bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 Primary energy consumption is reported in net terms. The gross calorific value to net calorific value adjustment is fuel specific. Fuels used as inputs for conversion technologies (gas‑to-liquids, coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas) are counted as production for the source fuel and the outputs are counted as consumption for the converted fuel. Percentages Calculated before rounding of actuals. Rounding differences Because of rounding, some totals may not agree exactly with the sum of their component parts. Tonnes Metric equivalent of tons. Definitions Statistics published in this review are taken from government sources and published data. No use is made of confidential information obtained by bp in the course of its business. Country, regions and geographic groupings Country and geographic groupings are made purely for statistical purposes and are not intended to imply any judgement about political or economic standings. North America US (excluding US territories), Canada, Mexico. South & Central America Caribbean (including Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands), Bermuda, Central and South America. Europe European members of the OECD plus Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Gibraltar, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Middle East Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria. North Africa Territories on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to Western Sahara. West Africa Territories on the west coast of Africa from Mauritania to Angola, including Cape Verde, Chad. East and Southern Africa Territories on the east coast of Africa from Sudan to Republic of South Africa. Also Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia Pacific Brunei, Cambodia, China†, China Hong Kong SAR*, China Macau SAR*, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Oceania. †Mainland China. *Special Administrative Region. OECD members Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK. Other member countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South Korea, US. OPEC members Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. North Africa: Algeria, Libya. West Africa: Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo. South America: Ecuador, Venezuela. European Union members Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK. Non-OECD All countries that are not members of the OECD. Australasia Australia, New Zealand. More information Quoting from the review Publishers are welcome to quote from this review provided that they attribute the source to bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020. However, where extensive reproduction of tables and/or charts is planned, permission must first be obtained from: The editor Statistical Review of World Energy BP p.l.c. 1 St James’s Square London SW1Y 4PD UK sr@bp.com The redistribution or reproduction of data whose source is S&P Global Platts is strictly prohibited without prior authorization from S&P Global Platts. bp disclaims any obligation to update this review: Neither BP p.l.c. nor any of its subsidiaries (nor their respective officers, employees and agents) accept liability for any inaccuracies or omissions or for any direct, indirect, special, consequential or other losses or damages of whatsoever kind in connection to this review or any information contained in it. Energy Outlook View the bp Energy Outlook online. The Energy Outlook explores the forces shaping global energy markets. Download the data and charts, watch the video at bp.com/energyoutlook Join the conversation #bpstats Acknowledgements Data compilation: Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy, Heriot-Watt University, ceerp.hw.ac.uk Design and typesetting: Whitehouse Associates, London bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 65 © BP p.l.c. 2020