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ɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɒɤɚɬɨɜɚ²ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ
ɭɱɟɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɞɨɤɬɨɪɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɁɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɜɵɫɲɟɣɲɤɨɥɵɨɬɥɢɱɧɢɤɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɣɱɥɟɧɉɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɲɤɨɥɵɊɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɜɝɨɞɭɜɝɨɪɨɞɟɑɟɦɛɚɪɟ ɧɵɧɟ
Ȼɟɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉɟɧɡɟɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢȼɝɨɞɭɨɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɮɢɥɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɧ
ɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɜɝɨɞɭ²ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɭɪɭɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȺɇɋɋɋɊ
ɢɜɬɨɦɠɟɝɨɞɭɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɡɚɳɢɬɢɥɚɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɤɭɸɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɸɋɝɨɞɚ
ɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɚɜɑȽɉɂ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɘɍɪȽȽɉɍ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɜɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɚɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚɡɚɬɟɦɞɨɰɟɧɬɚɢɡɚɦɞɟɤɚɧɚɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɚ
ɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚȼɝɨɞɭɛɵɥɚɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɚɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɜɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɬɨɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɢɣɫɹ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɝɞɟɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɢɥɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɮɢɥɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɤɚɮɟɞɪɭɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɝɨɞɭ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɡɚɳɢɬɢɥɚɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɤɭɸɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɸ©Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɢ
ɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɰɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡ ª
ȼ²ɝɨɞɚɯɬɪɭɞɢɥɚɫɶɧɚɩɨɫɬɭɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪɚɩɨɭɱɟɛɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɑɟɥȽɍ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵɅɸɞɦɢɥɵȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɵɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɵɢɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɟɦɵɧɨɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢɉɨɷɬɨɣɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɟɸɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɫɬɚɬɟɣɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣɢɤɧɢɝɉɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɛɵɥɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɤɩɟɱɚɬɢɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ
©Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɞɥɹɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹª©ɗɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹª©əɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɫɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟªȿɸɫɨɡɞɚɧɵɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɤɭɪɫɵ©Ɋɢɬɨɪɢɤɚª
©Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɪɟɱɢªɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵɬɪɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢɩɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɠɢɜɨɣɪɟɱɢɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɘɠɧɨɝɨɍɪɚɥɚɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ²ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɬɨɪɧɚɭɤɢɫɥɟɤɰɢɹɦɢɢɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɚ
ɦɢɩɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɨɧɚɨɛɴɟɯɚɥɚɩɨɥɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɇɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɦɧɨɝɢɯɥɟɬɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɚɋɨɜɟɬɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɢɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɟɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶɜɢɰɟɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɚ©ɁɧɚɧɢɟªɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɜɯɨɞɢɥɚɜɭɱɟɧɵɣɫɨɜɟɬɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɊɨɫɫɌɟɪɦ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɚɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɫɨɜɟɬɩɨɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɧɚɭɤɚɦɜɑɟɥȽɍ
ɛɵɥɚɱɥɟɧɨɦɫɨɜɟɬɚɩɨɡɚɳɢɬɟɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɤɢɯɢɞɨɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɯɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɣɜɍɪȽɍɢɦɟɧɢȺɆȽɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɵɧɟ
ɍɪɎɍ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ©ɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟªȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɚɑɟɥȽɍɩɪɟɞ
ɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦɄɢɪɢɥɥɨɆɟɮɨɞɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟɅɸɞɦɢɥɵȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɵɢɩɪɢɟɟɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɢɜɝɨɞɭɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɞɨɝɨ
ɜɨɪɚɫɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɊȺɇɜɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟɛɵɥɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɚɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɚɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦɢɩɪɟɞ
ɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦɨɪɝɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚɪɹɞɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɢɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧ
ɰɢɢ©ɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣªɉɨɟɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸɫɝɨɞɚɜɑɟɥȽɍɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɀɢɬɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɢɟɱɬɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟɩɚɦɹɬɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɫɬɚɪɟɣɲɢɯɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɜɭɡɚȼɎɀɢɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ
ɄɚɤɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɞɚɥɚɩɭɬɟɜɤɭɜɠɢɡɧɶɞɟɫɹɬ
ɤɚɦɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜɢɞɨɤɬɨɪɨɜɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤȼɟɟɱɟɫɬɶɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢɢɡɞɚɧɵɞɜɚɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɜɢɝɝ ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɉɨɱɟɬɧɵɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚȿɟɫɚɦɨ
ɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɣɬɪɭɞɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɝɪɚɦɨɬɚɦɢɢɧɚɝɪɚɞɚɦɢɉɨɱɟɬɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɨɬɨɣɆɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɫɜɟ
ɳɟɧɢɹɦɟɞɚɥɶɸɨɪɞɟɧɚ©ɁɚɡɚɫɥɭɝɢɩɟɪɟɞɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɦªɦɟɞɚɥɶɸɈɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ©ɁɧɚɧɢɟªɊɨɫɫɢɢ©ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɢɤɭ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹªɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ©ɁɚɡɚɫɥɭɝɢɩɟɪɟɞɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸªɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦȺɧɝɥɢɢɩɨɢɬɨɝɚɦ;;ɜɟɤɚɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ©ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣɦɢɪɚª
ɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɥɭɱɲɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɟ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ
ȻȻɄ
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ɋɌɂɅɂɋɌɂɄɈəɁɕɄɈȼɕȿɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɕɊȿɎɅȿɄɋɂȼɇɈȽɈ
ɋȺɆɈɈɌɑȿɌȺȼɂɇɌȿɊɇȿɌɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɐɂɂ
ȿɇȺɡɧɚɱɟɟɜɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɨɜɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɚɥɟɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɨɧɟɣɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɢɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɷɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨ
ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡ©əªɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜ
ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɢɧɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɰɢɹɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚ
ɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȼɷɩɨɯɭɛɭɪɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɠɚɧɪɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɚɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɫ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɵɦɨɠɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɢ
ɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭɫɥɭɝɚ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɧɬɟɧ
ɰɢɹɬɢɩɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɤɚɧɚɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɥɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ
ɫɬɢɥɶɢɞɪȼɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɵɢɧɬɟɪ
ɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɵɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ
ɢɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ²ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɛɢɡɧɟɫɟ
ɢɤɨɫɦɟɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɦɢɦɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ
ɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɜɚɠ
ɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɢɝɪɚɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ>@
ȼ©ɚɧɤɟɬɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜªɌȼɒɦɟɥɟɜɨɣɜɨɫ
ɧɨɜɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɥɟɠɚɬɫɟɦɶɠɚɧɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɤɨɜɫɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢɡɧɢɯ²ɢɥɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɨɣɰɟɥɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɱɟɬɵɪɟɬɢɩɚɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɷɬɢɤɟɬɧɵɟɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ>@
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɌȼɒɦɟɥɟɜɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɰɟɥɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ²ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ
©ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɢɯɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɜɫɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɦɚ
ɧɢɮɟɫɬɚɰɢɢɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɲɤɚɥɨɣ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣª>Ɍɚɦɠɟ&@ȼɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɚɯ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ
ɳɢɟɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɢɯɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣɬɢɩɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɢɣ
ɜɫɟɛɟɱɟɪɬɵɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɨɜ
Ɋɟɱɟɜɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɪɹɞɨɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ
ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɮɨɪɦ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɨɜɵɯɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɤɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɠɚɧɪɨɜɢɧɬɟɪ
ɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ>@Ⱦɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɠɚɧ
ɪɚɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɜɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɠɚɧɪɨɜɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɵɦȿɫɥɢɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɡɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨ
ɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɆɆȻɚɯɬɢɧɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦɩɪɢɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɧɚɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ>@ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ
ɠɚɧɪɨɬɡɵɜɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɤɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢɢɥɢɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɜɫɟɛɟɱɟɪɬɵɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɨɞɧɚɤɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɦ
ɭɫɬɧɵɦɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɦɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɧɜɬɨɪɢɱɟɧ
ɋɭɛɦɨɞɟɥɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɪɚɡɧɵɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶɤɚɤɫɭɛɠɚɧɪɵɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɄɎɋɟɞɨɜɚɤɚɤɠɚɧɪɨɢɞɵ>@
Ɉɬɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɧɚɞɪɭɝɢɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɛɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɨɬɡɵɜɵɧɚɫɚɣɬɟ©Ɇɟɞɢɬɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ©$GYDQFHG0LQG,QVWLWXWHª 85/
KWWSVZZZDGYDQFHGPLQGLQVWLWXWHRUJ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɰɟɧɤɚɧɟɣɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨ
ɞɭɤɬɚɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɢɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢɟɝɨɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɦɨɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɞɨɢɩɨɫɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨ
ɞɭɤɬɚɉɨɫɭɬɢɷɬɨɫɚɦɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟ
ɦɚɹɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɨɦɨɬɫɸɞɚɟɝɨɞɜɨɣɧɚɹɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɧɨɢɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɣɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɚɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɋɚɦɨɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤFɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɞɢɫɰɢ
ɩɥɢɧɚɯɩɨɞɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣɨɛɵɱɧɨɩɨɧɢɦɚ
ɸɬɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɰɟɥɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɦɭɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɟɧɢɹɨɫɟɛɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɟɪɛɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ>ɋ@Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɫɚɦɨ
ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɫɹɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɧɚɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹªɛɥɢɡɨɤɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸɩɨɧɹɬɢɸɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨ
ɪɚɹɩɨɫɥɨɜɚɦȿȼɋɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ
ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ©ɫɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɪɟɮɟ
ɪɟɧɬɨɦªɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɫɚɦɢɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
>@ɉɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸȿɑȾɚɯɚɥɚɟɜɨɣɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ©ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɟɧɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɚɜɫɟɦ
ɫɜɨɟɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟªɨɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɞɥɹɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢɫɚɦɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ>@
Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɹɧɨɜɵɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɠɚɧɪɚɦɢ
Ʌɘɓɢɩɢɰɵɧɚɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɲɟɫɬɶɝɪɭɩɩ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɢɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɠɚɧɪɵ>ɋ@ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɧɬɟɪ
ɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɵɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵɤɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧ
ɧɵɦɠɚɧɪɚɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɅɘɓɢɩɢɰɢɧɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɞɥɹɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯɨɫɟɛɟɢɥɢɫɜɨɟɣɮɢɪɦɟɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɤɩɟɪ
ɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɢɥɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɤɨɧɬɟɧɬɭ
ɜɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬɥɢɛɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɤɚɤɨɝɨ
ɥɢɛɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɥɢɛɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ
ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧ
ɬɚɰɢɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɢ©ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣª
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣɜɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨ
ɝɢɢɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹªɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɱɟɪɟɡɡɧɚɤɨɜɭɸɫɢɫɬɟ
ɦɭɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɸɫɜɨɢɯɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣɢɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ
>@Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɤɧɢɦ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɥɢɱɧɵɟɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɵɟɡɚɩɢɫɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɵɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɟɦɭɚɪɧɚɹɢɚɜɬɨ
ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɄɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɬɚɤɠɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɫɚɣɬɚɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɫɨ
ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɢɬɨɝɢ
ɫɚɦɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɈɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɪɟɡɭɥɶ
ɬɚɬɨɜɷɬɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦɵɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɦɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣɗɬɨɬɬɟɪɦɢɧ
ɫɧɚɲɟɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɦɟɪɟɱɟɦɬɟɪɦɢɧ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɜ
ɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɘɆɅɨɬɦɚɧɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹɞɢɚɥɨɝɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɫɚ
ɦɢɦɫɨɛɨɣɢɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɧɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɨ
ɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɦɟɧɭɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɚɦɢ>@ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɜɨɫɩɪɢ
ɹɬɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ
ɧɚɹɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɢɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɢɧɨɢɜɧɟɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɦɤɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɬɚɤɱɬɨ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɜɧɢɯɛɥɢɠɟɤɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɬɢɩɭɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɟɦɤɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ©ɦɚɫɤɟªɄɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɦ
ɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢɫɚɣɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɞɥɹɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ
ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɵɨɧɟɣɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
ɦɚɯɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɤɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɠɚɧɪɚɦɦɚɥɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚȼɟɞɭɳɚɹ
ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɹ²ɨɰɟɧɤɚɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɧɟɣɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɫɚɣɬɚɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ²ɫɚɦɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɚɦɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɢɦɨɝɭɬɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞɵɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣɬɪɟɬɶɹɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɹ
ɫɤɪɵɬɚɹ ²ɧɨɫɢɬɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ²ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɹɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢɞɥɹɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɞɭɤ
ɰɢɢɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɹɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɞɚɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɯɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɬɚɤɤɚɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɢɯ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɨɜɢɡɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɭɫɥɭɝ>@
ɜɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɢɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜ
ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɵɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɟɢɧɨɫɹɬɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɭ
ɢɡɧɢɯɩɪɢɫɭɳɚɨɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɞɚɠɟɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɶɈɞɧɚɤɨɚɜɬɨɪɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɪɟɮɥɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɭɸɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɫɚɦɢɦɫɟɛɟɬɟ
ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹɛɵɬɶɩɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɫɚ
ɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɚɜɬɨ
ɪɨɜɧɚɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɫɚɣɬɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɤɚɤɩɪɨ
ɲɥɨɝɨɬɚɤɢɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ
ɋɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɫɚɦɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɤɷɬɨ
ɦɭɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɫɵɥɤɚɧɚɦɧɟɧɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɫɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɦɢɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɜɚɧ
ɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɧɟɧɨɢɨɤɪɭ
ɠɚɸɳɢɦɇɟɯɨɱɭɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɬɨɱɬɨɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɜɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɤɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟɬɚɤɜɫɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɟɪɧɨ
Ɂɞɟɫɶɢɞɚɥɟɟɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ²ȿȺ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɦɟɟɬɦɟɫɬɨɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɣɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɫɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟ
ɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɩɨɜɟ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬɗɬɨɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɫɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɪɨɥɢɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɷɦɨɰɢɣəɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɭɜɟɪɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɟɛɟɢɫɜɨɺɦɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɹɫɬɚɥɚɹɪɱɟɢɤɚ
ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɟɟɈɋɈɁɇȺȼȺɌɖɢȼɈɋɉɊɂɇɂɆȺɌɖ
ɷɬɢɱɭɞɟɫɧɵɟɫɞɜɢɝɢ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɹɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɵ
ɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɬɚɜɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɫɷɤɫɩɥɢ
ɰɢɬɧɵɦɢɥɢɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɵɦɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɑɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɱɬɨəɷɬɨəɋɬɚɥɚɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɫɩɨɤɨɣ
ɧɟɟɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɱɬɨɹɠɢɜɭ
ȼɷɬɢɯɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɯɹɪɱɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɫɜɨɟɣɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ȿɳɟɨɞɧɚɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯɜɵ
ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ²ɷɬɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɨɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɤɚ
ɬɢɜɨɦ©ɭɦɟɧɹªɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɢɷɦɨɰɢɢ
ɍɦɟɧɹɫɟɣɱɚɫɟɫɬɶɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɹɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ
ɡɚɧɨɜɨɍɦɟɧɹɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɤɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɬɚɤɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯɠɟɥɚɧɢɣ
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɷɬɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢ²ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɟɞ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɫɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɥɨɤɚɬɢɜɚɇɟɬɧɢɠɟ
ɥɚɧɢɣɧɢɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣɉɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɭɠɟɧɟɬ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɬɚɤ
ɠɟɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ
ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɜɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɥɢɱɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɠɢɡɧɶɬɟɥɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ
ɢɞɪȼɦɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɱɟɪɟɡɪɚɡɯɨɱɟɬɫɹɫɛɟɠɚɬɶ
ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɟɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɢɩɪɢɬɹɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɦɟɫɬɨ
ɢɦɟɧɢɹɦɢɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɷɝɨɰɟɧ
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɢɥɢɷɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɢ
ɩɨɞɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢȿȼɉɚɞɭɱɟɜɚɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ
ȿɇȺɡɧɚɱɟɟɜɚ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ©ɫɟ
ɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟ
ɝɨª>@Ʉɧɢɦɚɜɬɨɪɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɞɟɣɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɥɨɜɚ
ɡɞɟɫɶɫɟɣɱɚɫɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɡɚɜɬɪɚɬɭɬɬɚɦɷɬɨɬɬɨɬ
ɜɨɧɜɨɬɢɞɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɦɨɞɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɷɤɫ
ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɵɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɵɣɫɭɩɟɪ ɦɟɬɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɦɟɠɞɨɦɟɬɢɹɢɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
Ⱦɥɹɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɫɚɣɬɚɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟ
ɧɢɟɜɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɢɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɫɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɵɦ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨȿȼɉɚɞɭɱɟɜɨɣ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɧɚ©ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹª
>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɧɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɧɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɟɫɬɶ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɧɚɨɦɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɥɢɬɚɤɨɟ
ɧɨɭɦɟɧɹɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɭɥɭɱɲɢɥɚɫɶɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɗɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɥɨɜɚɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɧɟɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɶɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɨɫ
ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɫɜɨɢɦɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɜɫɺɬɟɥɨɩɪɨɧɡɚɟɬɱɬɨ²ɬɨɩɨɯɨɠɟɟ
ɧɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɨɤɗɬɨɢɡɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤ
ɬɨɜ²ȿȺ ɢɡɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɠɟɢɯɨɱɟɧɶɨɱɟɧɶ
ɱɬɨɬɨɩɨɯɨɠɟɟ
Ɉɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹɯɜɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɚɦɨ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ
ɧɚɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɬɨɱɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɆɧɟɨɱɟɧɶɫɥɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɬɨɱɬɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɨɦɧɨɣɩɨɫɥɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚɫɊɚɛɨɬɚɦɢɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ
Ɉɛɢɥɢɟɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜɫɜɢ
ɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ
ɤɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣɨɛɢɯɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɫɜɨɢɜɩɟɱɚɬ
ɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧ
ɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɢ
ɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨəɨɬəɤɚɤɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɞɥɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɇɟɤɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɧɨɦɧɟɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɭɦɟɧɹɩɨɥɭ
ɱɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɬɚɤɢɯɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ
ɩɢɲɭɬɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹȼɜɢɞɭɷɬɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɨɠɧɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ
ɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɧɟɪɟɡɭɥɶ
ɬɚɬɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧ
ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɚɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɫɚɣɬɚ
ȼɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜ
ɨɛɪɚɡɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɝɥɚɜ
ɧɵɯɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɩɪɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚ
ȼɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɦɢɷɬɧɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɤɚɤɱɥɟɧɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɞ
ɧɨɣɢɡɝɥɚɜɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɣɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɫɚɣɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɧɢɯɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɫɹɧɟ©ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤªɤɚɤɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɚ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤªɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨɟɝɨɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɄȽɘɧɝɚ>@©ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚªɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ©ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚªɬɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟɥɢɰɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɢɝɪɚɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɹ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɚ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª²
©ɫɚɦɨɫɬɶªɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɳɢɣɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɧɚɱɚɥɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ²ɬɨɤɚɤɨɧɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɫɟɛɹɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯȼɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɯɫɚɣɬɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ©ɫɚɦɨɫɬɢªɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ
ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɫɜɨɟɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɦ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɜɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɵɯɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ
Ɍɟɤɫɬɵɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚ
ɧɢɹɭɪɨɜɧɸɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɫɮɟ
ɪɵɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵɫɜɹɡɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɯɚɨɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ
ɫɬɢɫɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɥɧɨɬɚɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɟɝɨɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤɢɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɫɚɦɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɫɮɟɪɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɥɨɺɜɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɬɵɯɩɪɢɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚ
ɧɢɢȻɨɥɶɲɟɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ
ɢɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜɌɚɤɤɚɤɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɦɟɞɢɤɚɦɢɨɧɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɥɟɤɫɢɤɭɢɡ©ɧɚɢɜɧɨɣɮɢɡɢɨ
ɥɨɝɢɢªɢɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ
Ȼɵɥɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɱɬɨɢɡɧɨɝɜɵɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬɠɢɥɵ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟɚɜɬɨɪɵɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɜɨɢ
ɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɟɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɠɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɢɯɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢɢɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢȼɫɢɥɭɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢɫɚɣɬɚɜɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɯɩɪɟ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɢɫɢɝɧɚɥɢ
ɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɢɞɨɜ
ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣɑɒɟɪɪɢɧɝɬɨɧɚɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɢɧɬɟɪɨɰɟɩ
ɬɢɜɧɵɦɗɬɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɚɥɨɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɵɢɦɟɸɬ
ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɢɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɛɥɢɡɤɢɤɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ>@ɇɟɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɩɨɥɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɱɚɫɬɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹɫɢɯ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸȼɧɭɬɪɢ
ɫɬɚɥɨɬɢɲɟɢɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɟɟ
ȼɪɹɞɟɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɚɜɬɨɪɵɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɸɢɡɫɮɟɪɵɩɫɢɯɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɛɥɨɤɢɬɟɩɥɨɬɪɚɧɫ
ɦɭɪɚɲɤɢɩɨɥɟɛɥɨɤɢ ɉɪɢɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɢɨɳɭ
ɳɚɸɨɱɟɧɶɫɢɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɨɝɚɯɢɪɭɤɚɯ
ɜɨɥɧɵɬɟɩɥɚɬɚɤɨɟɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟɱɬɨɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢ
ɪɭɸɬɫɹɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɢɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɤɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɨɣɦɟɠɞɭɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɦɜɨɫɩɪɢ
ɹɬɢɟɦ>@Ɍɚɤɜɪɹɞɟɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɞɪɨɠɢɬɤɚɠɞɚɹɤɥɟɬɨɱ
ɤɚɢɤɚɤɛɭɞɬɨɬɟɛɹɧɚɜɨɥɧɚɯɤɚɱɚɟɬ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜ
ɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɨɧɢɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɷɦɮɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɩɥɨɬɶɞɨɷɤɡɚɥɶɬɚɰɢɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɦɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɜɵ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɬɢɯɚɯɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ
Ɋɹɞɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɪɟɡɭɥɶ
ɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢɬɚɤɠɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɧɚɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɨɦɩɥɚɧɟȿɳɟɡɚɷɬɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɦɟɧɹɭɜɨɥɢɥɢɫɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɢɞɢɦɨɩɥɨɯɨɟ
ɬɚɤɢɨɬɜɚɥɢɥɨɫɶ
Ƚɥɭɛɨɤɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɤɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɨɛɢɥɢɢɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯɷɩɢɬɟɬɨɜɜɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢɷɤɫ
ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɜɬɚɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɯɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɤɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɞ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ©ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹªɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɹɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɨɲɢɛɨɤɢɨɩɟɱɚɬɨɤɉɪɢɪɚ
ɛɨɬɟɜɩɟɪɜɨɣɇɟɣɪɨɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɦɟɧɹɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɥɸ
ɳɢɥɨȼɨɬɟɳɟɱɬɨɨɨɨɨɱɟɧɶɰɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɦɟɧɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨɗɆɈɐɂɂɈɧɢɫɬɚɥɢɦɹɝɱɟɢɪɨɜɧɟɟ
ɧɟɬɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɨɤ ɋɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢɨɬɡɵɜɚɦɢɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɢɪɭɸɬ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵɫɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɚɦɨ
ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɫɢɯɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɟɣɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɡɵɜɵ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸɫɨɩɨɪɨɣɧɚɞɚɧɧɵɟɦɟ
ɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɧɨɬɚɤɢɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɇɚɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɚ
ɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹɜɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɦ
ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɧɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɬɚɤɠɟɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɮɚɡɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɡɵ
ɜɚɇɚɱɧɭɫɬɨɝɨ«!ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɢɧɨɝɞɚɛɵɥɨ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɧɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɛɪɨɫɢɬɶɧɟɛɵɥɨ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɜɫɚɣɬɚɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɞɢɧɚɦɢ
ɤɟɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨɨɬɡɵɜɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸɫɯɟɦɭɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɞɨɧɚɱɚɥɚɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɦɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪ
ɧɨɫɬɶɈɬɡɵɜɵɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɥɢɦɟɧɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɬɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɫɚɦɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚȼɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɬɢɦɢɯɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɞɜɚɬɢɩɚ
ɫɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɦɨ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɞɨɢɩɨɫɥɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵȿɫɥɢɞɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɹɛɵɥɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɬɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɬɦɢɪɚɬɨɛɥɚɝɨ
ɞɚɪɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟɹɯɨɬɶɢɧɨɝɞɚɫɬɚɥɤɧɟɦɭɩɨɜɨ
ɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɱɚɫɬɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɚ
ɫɬɢɰɚɦɢɜɨɬɭɠɟɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ
Ɂɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣɬɟɧɭɜɨɬɢɩɪɨɲɥɢɷɬɢɩɹɬɶɦɟ
ɫɹɰɟɜɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɧɟɣɪɨɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɫɬɶ
ȼɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɫɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɤɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭɈɧɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɞɟɤɫɵɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟɮɚɡɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɢɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
ȼɬɚɤɢɯɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɥɚɧɧɚ
ɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɩɥɚɧɚɢɧɨ
ɝɞɚɢɩɥɚɧɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨɫɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɨɠɢɞɚ
ɧɢɹɦɢɊɚɧɶɲɟɹɠɢɥɚɩɪɨɲɥɵɦ«!ȼɤɨɧɰɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ²ɧɚɱɚɥɟɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɩɨɥɧɚɹɚɩɚɬɢɹ
«!ɋɟɣɱɚɫɠɟɹɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɫɦɨɬɪɸɜɨɤɪɭɝɫɟɛɹ
«!ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ
ɦɧɟɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɥɢɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɦɭɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɟɪɵɜ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɨɜɫɟɯɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɂɁɆȿɇȿɇɂȿ
ɫɨɫɥɨɬɚɦɢɌɊȺɇɋɎɈɊɆȺɐɂəɂɁȻȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ɍɅɍɑɒȿɇɂȿɋɥɨɬɌɊȺɇɋɎɈɊɆȺɐɂəɪɟɚɥɢ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɯɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ȿɇȺɡɧɚɱɟɟɜɚ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɫɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɨɦɧɨɣɢɜɦɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɩɪɨ
ɢɡɨɲɥɚɠɟɫɬɤɚɹɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɤɚɜɫɟɝɨɬɨɝɨɤɱɟɦɭ
ɹɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɚɫɶɜɫɟɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ«!ɢɛɨɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɞɟɧɶɹɜɢɠɭɪɚɡɧɢɰɭɦɟɠɞɭɦɧɨɣɞɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ
ɫȼɚɦɢɢɦɧɨɣɫɟɣɱɚɫ
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɶɸɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɫɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢɫɬɚɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɩɨ
ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹəɫɬɚɥɚɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɣɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣɨɬɛɵ
ɬɨɜɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɉɨɯɨɞɤɚɫɬɚɥɚɥɟɝɤɨɣɀɢɬɶ
ɫɬɚɥɨɥɟɝɤɨɢɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨȼɞɭɲɟɹɫɬɚɥɚɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ
ɉɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɥɺɝɤɨɫɬɶɇɚɢɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ
ɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɬɶɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹɭɯɨɞɢɬɶɋɚɦɚ
ɧɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɹɧɨɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɥɚɫɭɬɭɥɢɬɶɫɹ«!ɢɡɛɚ
ɜɢɥɚɫɶɨɬɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɚ
ɍɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɬɨɠɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɧɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɯɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɧɨɥɢɲɶɤɚɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
ɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɤɚɤɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɋɚɦɨɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɦɟɸɬɧɟɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɣɚɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɢɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɢɯɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɞɥɹ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚ
ɰɢɢɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɊɟɱɟɜɨɣɠɚɧɪɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬ
ɡɵɜɚɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɣɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɹɬɨɜɚɪ
ɢɥɢɭɫɥɭɝɭɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɜɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟ
ɧɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɫɚɦɨɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɣɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɚɯɫɚɣɬɚ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɨɫɢɬɩɪɟ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɷɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ
ɥɟɧɨɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɥɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɧɚɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɫɨɞɟɪ
ɠɚɧɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɬɡɵɜɨɜɧɚɫɚɣɬɟɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɫɜɹ
ɡɚɧɚɫɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɚɰɢɟɣɧɟ©ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨªɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɤɚɤ
ɱɥɟɧɚɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɧɨ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚªɜɧɢɯ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɮɚɡɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧ
ɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɚɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜ
ɧɨɦɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɈɬɡɵɜɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɚɣɬɚɦɨɝɭɬɫɥɭ
ɠɢɬɶɰɟɧɧɵɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɞɥɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɨɬɱɟɬɚɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɚɯɬɢɧɆɆɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɆɆȻɚɯɬɢɧȺɜɬɨɪɢɝɟɪɨɣ
Ʉɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɦɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɧɚɭɤ²Ɇ&²
ȽɨɜɨɪɭɧɨɜɚɅɘɈɬɡɵɜɬɭɪɢɫɬɚɤɚɤɧɨɜɵɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɠɚɧɪɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɅɘȽɨ
ɜɨɪɭɧɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ȾɚɯɚɥɚɟɜɚȿɑȺɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟɠɚɧɪɵɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚȿɑȾɚɯɚɥɚɟɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɂɪɤɭɬ
ɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ²ɋ²
ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚɆȺɊɟɱɟɜɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɬɡɵɜɚɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚɆȺȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɅɚɩɩɨɆȺɋɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɬɢɩɚɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɆȺɅɚɩɩɨȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɢɹɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ²²Ɍɨɦ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɅɨɬɦɚɧɘɆȺɜɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ©əªɢ©Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣªɤɚɤɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɵ Ɉɞɜɭɯɦɨɞɟɥɹɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɘɆɅɨɬɦɚɧɋɟɦɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ²ɋɉɛ²ɋ²
ɉɚɞɭɱɟɜɚȿȼɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɞɥɹɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢȿȼɉɚɞɭɱɟ
ɜɚ²85/KWWSUXVJUDPUXSGIHJRFHQWULNLBB¿QDOBSULQWSGI
ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ²85/KWWSD]SVUXKDQGERRN
ɋɟɞɨɜɄɎȺɧɚɬɨɦɢɹɠɚɧɪɨɜɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɄɎɋɟɞɨɜȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɢɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ɢɬɟɤɫɬ²ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ²ȼɵɩ²ɋ²
ɋɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɚȿȼɀɟɧɫɤɢɣɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞ
ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȿȼɋɨɥɨɞɤɨɜɚ²ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ²ɫ
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿȼɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɄɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɧɨɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵȿȼɏɚɪ
ɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚəɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ²Ɇ²ɋ²
ɑɭɪɢɥɨɜɚȿȿɊɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɥɢɱɧɵɯɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɞɟɜɭɲɟɤȿȿɑɭ
ɪɢɥɨɜɚ²Ɇɉɪɨɦɟɬɟɣ²ɫ
ɒɦɟɥɟɜɚɌȼɆɨɞɟɥɶɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɌȼɒɦɟɥɟɜɚɀɚɧɪɵɪɟɱɢ²ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɄɨɥɥɟɞɠ
²ȼɵɩ²ɋ²
ɓɢɩɢɰɢɧɚɅɘɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɠɚɧɪɨɜɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɢɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɅɘɓɢɩɢɰɢɧɚɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɢɦȺɂȽɟɪɰɟɧɚ²²ʋ²ɋ²
ɘɧɝɄȽɈɱɟɪɤɢɩɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɄȽɘɧɝ²ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ²Ɇ
Ʉɨɝɢɬɨɐɟɧɬɪ²ɫ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿȺɇɌɊɈɉɈɆɈɊɎɇɈɃɆȿɌȺɎɈɊɕ
ȼȺɇȽɅɈəɁɕɑɇɈɆȼɂɊɌɍȺɅɖɇɈɆȾɂɋɄɍɊɋȿ
ɇȽȺɫɦɭɫ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɧɚɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟɢɬɚɤɢɟɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɤɚɤɦɟɱɬɚɪɨɫɤɨɲɶɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɩɨɪɹɞɭɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɢɥɶɫɬɚɬɭɫɫɟɦɶɹ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɮɪɟɣɦɫɥɨɬɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɨɡ
ɞɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɨɜɵɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɧɨɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɧɨ
ɜɨɝɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɆɨɠɧɨɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɨɦɢɦɨɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ
ɗɬɨɬɨɫɨɛɵɣɬɢɩɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚȼɜɢɞɭɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɣɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɢɷɬɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ
ɜɫɟɬɢɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɨɫɬɪɨɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ>@
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɮɨɪ
ɦɢɪɭɟɬɨɫɨɛɵɣɬɢɩɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɫɬɚɧɭɬɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɛɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɡɚɤɨɧɚɯɟɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɦɟɧɢɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɨɬɨ
ɤɚɯɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɩɨɤɚɟɳɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦɧɟɨɛɳɟɣɚɫɤɨɪɟɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɧɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɫɬɚɧɟɬɜɚɠɧɵɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɚɠɞɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ>ɋ@ɂɦɟɧɧɨɡɚɤɨ
ɧɵɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸɫɪɟɞɭɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ
ɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɜɷɬɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ²ɷɬɨɧɨɪɦɵ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ>@ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɦɨɠɧɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɚɹɫɪɟɞɚ²ɷɬɨɧɨɜɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɛɵɬɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɨɫɨɛɭɸɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɫɪɟɞɭɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɪɚɧɟɟɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɟɟɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɹɡɵɤɚɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɚɧɟɜɨɬɪɵɜɟ
ɨɬɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬ
ɫɹɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɜɫɟɛɨɥɟɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ>ɋ@ɉɨɞ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɦɵɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɬɟɤɫɬ
ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɫɨɛɵɯɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦȽɨɜɨɪɹɨɰɟɥɹɯɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɨɧɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɜɫɟɦ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɟɣɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɯ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟɩɫɢɯɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸ
ɳɢɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɢɬɩ>ɋ@
Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɧɨɜɵɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɫɬɚɥɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɩɪɢ
ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɚɭɤɢȼɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟɬɟɯɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣɢɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɱɬɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɦɟɠɞɭɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ>ɋ@Ɉɞɧɨɣɢɡɨɫɧɨɜ
ɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɝɞɟɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɦɟ
ɬɚɮɨɪɚ©ɤɚɤɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɦɚª>ɋ@ȼɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɫɜɨ
ɢɯɪɚɛɨɬȺɉɑɭɞɢɧɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɭɤɚɤ
©ɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɯɟɦɭªɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɫɹɜ©ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹªɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɱɟ
ɥɨɜɟɤɦɵɫɥɢɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ>ɋ@
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɬɟɨɪɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɞɥɹɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɥɭɠɢɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɡɧɚɧɢɣɞɜɭɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɟɣ²ɫɮɟɪɵɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɢɫɮɟɪɵ
ɦɢɲɟɧɢɈɛɟɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɋɮɟɪɚɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɫ
ɧɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɦɨɩɵɬɟɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ
ɚɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɲɟɧɶɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɚɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɮɟɪɵɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɬɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɫɮɟɪɵɦɢɲɟɧɢɤɚɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨɦɟ
ɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɵɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɨɤɪɭɠɚ
ɸɳɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɨɫɧɨɜɭɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɧɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬɵ²ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
©ɩɚɦɹɬɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɡɝɚɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɫɢɯɢɤɟª>ɋ@
ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɤɚɤɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɦɟɬɚɮɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɛɨɥɟɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦ
ɦɟɠɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɦɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɦ
ɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɱɟɬɤɨɣɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚ
ɰɢɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɦɢɪɚɤɚɤɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɬɚɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɝɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɦɢɪɚɜɟɝɨɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɜɚɠɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɨɰɟɧ
ɤɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
ɐɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭ
ɟɬɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɨɩɢɫɚɬɶɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɩɨɧɹ
ɬɢɣɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɢɡɭɱɟ
ɧɢɢɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɢɯɮɪɟɣɦɨɜɢɫɥɨɬɨɜ
ɐɟɥɶɸɧɚɲɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ
ɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɜɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɈɩɢɪɚɹɫɶɧɚɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ
Ⱥɉɑɭɞɢɧɨɜɚɦɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɢɫɯɨɞɧɭɸɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ
ɧɭɸɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɧɨɜɭɸɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɭɸɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɬɢ
ɩɨɜɵɟɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢɮɪɟɣɦɵɢɫɥɨ
ɬɵɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɩɨɫɮɟɪɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɮɪɟɣɦɵɫɮɟɪɵɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ
ɲɟɧɶȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ
ɟɦɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɨɜɫɟɦ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪª
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɦɢɦɨɞɟɥɶɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɟɝɨɦɟɫɬɨ
ɜɧɚɲɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɆɵɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɨɪɮɧɭɸ
ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɦɨɞɟɥɶɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟ
ɇȽȺɫɦɭɫ
ɪɟ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪª©Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ²ɷɬɨɠɢɜɨɣɨɪ
ɝɚɧɢɡɦªȼɵɞɟɥɹɹɪɹɞɮɪɟɣɦɨɜɢɫɥɨɬɨɜɜɷɬɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɦɵɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɫɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ
ɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɟɝɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢɢɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ
ɜɢɞɨɦɢɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɮɪɟɣɦɵ
ɱɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɚɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɢɬɞɢɫɥɨɬɵɪɭɤɚ
ɫɤɟɥɟɬɦɨɡɝɩɚɦɹɬɶɪɨɫɬɩɨɥɢɬɞ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɞɥɹɧɚɲɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɭ
ɠɢɥɢɛɨɥɟɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɬɚɬɟɣ
ɩɨɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɜɡɹɬɵɟɫɬɚɤɢɯɫɚɣɬɨɜ
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DPD]RQFRPZZZFRPSXWHUKLVWRU\RUJZZZZHEURRW
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Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶ³&RPSXWHU is a living
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ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦª
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɤɨɦ
ɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦɷɬɨɝɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɠɢɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɷɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɤ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭɚɤɚɤɤɠɢɜɨɦɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɭ ɫɬɚɜɲɟɦɭɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɦɠɢɡɧɢɭɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɝɨɦɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɧɚɲɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣɨɛɥɚ
ɫɬɶɸɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɠɢɜɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦªɤɚɤɫɮɟɪɚɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢɇɨɜɨɣɩɨɧɹ
ɬɢɣɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪª ɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɣɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɯ©ɱɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɚɜɧɟɲ
ɧɨɫɬɶɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣɰɢɤɥɢɬɩª
Ɉɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢ³&RPSXWHU
LVDOLYLQJRUJDQLVP´ Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ²ɷɬɨɠɢɜɨɣɨɪɝɚ
ɧɢɡɦ ɮɪɟɣɦɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɭɸɫɮɟɪɭ
©Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɤɚɤɠɢɜɨɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Ɇɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɤɚɤɠɢɜɨɣɨɪ
ɝɚɧɢɡɦɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɪɹɞɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɌɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ©ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟªɢ©ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢªɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟ
ɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɢɪɭɫɵɜɪɟɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɥɟɱɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
ɍɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɤɚɤɢɭɠɢɜɵɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɫɬɶɦɧɨɝɨ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ©ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢª ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ
ɬɟɥɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɚɪɨɤ ɢ©ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫª ɞɟɲɟ
ɜɵɟɢɞɨɪɨɝɢɟɜɟɪɫɢɢ Ʉɚɤɢɩɪɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟ
ɤɚɨɫɨɛɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ©ɜɧɟɲ
ɧɨɫɬɢªɢ©ɫɬɢɥɹª©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯª
Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɯ
ɱɬɨɛɵɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɢɯɛɨɥɟɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢɫ
ɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɢɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɢɡɡɚɨɫɨɛɨɣ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɤɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɦɨɪɮɧɨɣɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
ȼɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ
ɜɢɞɩɨɥɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɛ
ɪɚɡɠɢɡɧɢɫɟɦɶɹ
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ɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
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ɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɦɵɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɨ
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ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɷɬɨɬɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɜɢ
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ɫɬɚɥ ɮɪɟɣɦ ³$SSHDUDQFH´ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɗɬɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɪɚɡɜɢ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɧɚɲɟɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɢɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɦɵɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɟɦɭɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɟɪɬɵɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɇɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɫɬɚɥɮɪɟɣɦ©Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹªɬɤɜɫɟ
ɬɚɤɢɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɩɪɟɞ
ɦɟɬɨɦɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɥɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɟɛɵɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɥɢɜɧɟɦɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤɢɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟ
ɬɚɮɨɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɜɤɚ
ɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɤɚɤɩɪɚ
ɜɢɥɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟɢɬɚɤɢɟɚɛ
ɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɤɚɤɦɟɱɬɚɪɨɫɤɨɲɶɪɚɡɜɥɟ
ɱɟɧɢɹȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɜɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɣɧɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪª
ȼɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢ©Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ²ɷɬɨ
ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦª ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɩɨɪɹɞɭɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɢɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟ
ɬɪɵ ɫɬɢɥɶɠɢɡɧɢɫɬɚɬɭɫɫɟɦɶɹ Ɂɞɟɫɶɦɵɫɪɚɜ
ɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɦɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣɰɢɤɥɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɛɪɟɧɞɵ ɤɨɦ
ɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ
ɬɨɦɤɚɦɢɢɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɂɬɚɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ
ɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵ©ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪªɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ
ɢɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɵȻɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɢ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜ
ɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɇȽȺɫɦɭɫ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɭɞɚɟɜɗȼɆɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɗȼȻɭɞɚɟɜȺɉɑɭɞɢɧɨɜ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ
ɍɪɚɥɝɨɫɩɟɞɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜȼȺɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɞɥɹȿɜɪɨɩɵȼȺȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɅȼɋɤɜɨɪ
ɰɨɜɌɟɨɪɢɹɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ9,ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹȿɄɋɋɂȾɝɄɟɧɬɟɪɛɟɪɢ
ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹɦɚɪɬɚɝ²ʋ²ɋ
Ƚɨɪɨɲɤɨȿɂɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɠɚɧɪɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɚɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ
ȿɂȽɨɪɨɲɤɨɀɚɧɪɵɪɟɱɢ²²ʋ ɀɚɧɪɢɹɡɵɤ ²ɋ
Ʉɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɚ ȿ ɋ əɡɵɤ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɇɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɫ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɊɨɥɶɹɡɵɤɚɜɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɦɢɪɚȿɋɄɭɛɪɹɤɨɜɚ²Ɇ
Ʌɭɬɨɜɢɧɨɜɚ Ɉ ȼ ɉɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ Ɉ ȼ Ʌɭɬɨɜɢɧɨɜɚ ɗɥɟɤ
ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɰɟɧɬɪɚɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɢɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɪɚɧɨ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ²²ʋ²85/KWWSZZZHYFSSNUXDUWLFOHSKS"LG ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
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ɧɢɧɚȺɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ²85/KWWSZZZDQDOLFXOWXURORJUXɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚȽɇəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣࡅ ɜɤɭɫɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɷɩɨɯɢɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɎɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ
ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɟɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɵȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ²ɆɂɡɞɜɨɊɍȾɇ
ɑɭɞɢɧɨɜȺɉɊɨɫɫɢɹɜɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɡɟɪɤɚɥɟɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣࡅɦɟɬɚ
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ȽɊȺɆɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɂɅȿɄɋɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɁȺɆȿɇɕ
ɉɊɂɉȿɊȿȼɈȾȿɏɍȾɈɀȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈɌȿɄɋɌȺ
ȿɘȺɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ
ɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɟɧɢɆȼɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚɆɨɫɤɜɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɬɢɩɵɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɚɦɟɧɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɪɨɦɚɧɚɉɢ
ɬɟɪɚɄɭɪɬɚ©ȺɧɚɫɬɚɫɢɹɁɚɝɚɞɤɚɜɟɥɢɤɨɣɤɧɹɠɧɵªɚɜɬɨɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɂȼȽɸɛɛɟɧɟɬ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɢɥɥɸ
ɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣɢɡɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɜɟɪɫɢɣɪɨɦɚɧɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɚ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɚ
ȼɜɨɞɧɵɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɦɚɥɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɈȼȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚɩɨɞɱɺɪ
ɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦɯɭ
ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɛɵɥɢɢɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɭɱɺɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɨɜȾɟɥɨɜɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɢɩɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɫɺɬɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɠɢɡɧɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɞɚɺɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɡɧɚɬɶɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɦɢɪɟɥɸɞɟɣɠɢɜɭɳɢɯɜɬɨɬ
ɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ>@Ʉɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɌȺɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɭ
ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɟɬɜɨɪ
ɱɟɫɤɭɸɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ©ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɫɟɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟ
ɦɨɝɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɣɥɢɬɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚª>ɋ@
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɨɝɨɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɜɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɪɹɞɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɟɣɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɫɬɧɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɛɵɥɛɵɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨ
ɧɵɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɜɪɚɫɱɺɬɬɨɬ
ɮɚɤɬɱɬɨ©ɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɢ
ɞɚɠɟɧɟɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɧɨɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɨɜɫɟɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚª
>ɋ@ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɥɶɡɹɭɩɭ
ɫɤɚɬɶɢɡɜɢɞɭɢɬɨɱɬɨɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɵɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɟɪɢɊɟɱɶɢɞɺɬɨɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹªɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɫɨɞɧɨ
ɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɱɟɧɶɜɚɠɧɵɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɟ©ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹªȾɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɢɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɫɰɟɥɶɸɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟ
ɧɢɹɦɢɜɜɢɞɭɡɚɦɟɧɵɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɨɞɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɍɱɺɧɵɣɊɄɆɢɧɶɹɪ
Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɱɟɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ± ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɨɥɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɥɢɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɪɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢª>ɋ@Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɬɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɜɡɚɦɟ
ɧɟ©ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚª>ɋ@ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɞɨɥɠ
ɧɚɛɵɬɶɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɚɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶȺȾɒɜɟɣɰɟɪ
ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɧɟɧɢɹɱɬɨ©ɬɟɪɦɢɧ³ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɹ´ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɜɦɟɬɚ
ɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɇɚɫɚɦɨɦɞɟɥɟɪɟɱɶɢɞɺɬɨɛ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɵɦɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢɨɡɚɦɟɧɟɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɚɨɞɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɣª>ɋ@
ȼɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟ
ɫɤɢɦɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚ
Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɚɦɟɧɵɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ
©ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɬɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚɤɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɚª>ɋ@ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɫɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɦɟɸɬɢɩɥɚɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɩɥɚɧ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɨɧɢɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɨɧɢɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭ
ɸɬɤɚɤɮɨɪɦɭɬɚɤɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ȼɢɞɵɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ɧɢɹɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣɧɚɬɢɩɵɨɞɧɚɤɨɦɧɨɝɢɟɢɫ
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ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ
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ɋɛɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚȼɵɩɭɫɤ;;,,əɡɵɤɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ
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Ɇ©ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶª²ɫ
ȻɚɪɯɭɞɚɪɨɜɅɋəɡɵɤɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɨɛɳɟɣɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɅɋȻɚɪɯɭɞɚɪɨɜ
ɂɡɞɟ²ɆɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɅɄɂ²ɫ
ɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɚɌȺɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɍɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɹɡɟɣ
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ɲɤɨɥɚ²ɫ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ
ȻȻɄ
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ɄȼɈɉɊɈɋɍɊȺɁȽɊȺɇɂɑȿɇɂəɋɍȽȽȿɋɌɂȼɇɈɃɂɋɆəȽɑȺɘɓȿɃ
ɎɍɇɄɐɂɂɑȺɋɌɂɐȼɇȿɆȿɐɄɈɆɂɍɁȻȿɄɋɄɈɆəɁɕɄȺɏ
ɊɎȻɟɝɦɚɬɨɜɚ
ɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɦɢɪɨɜɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɌɚɲɤɟɧɬɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɫɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ©ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹªɢ©ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟªɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦȾɚɧɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣɢɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɵɚɜɬɨɪɚȺɜɬɨɪɞɟɥɚɟɬɩɨ
ɩɵɬɤɭɩɨɧɨɜɨɦɭɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶɜɨɩɪɨɫɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹɢɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɤɚɤ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɬɢɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɵɣ
ɫɦɵɫɥɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɹɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ȼɨɛɳɟɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɭɠɟɛ
ɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɧɢɡɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɬɚɤɤɚɤɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢȼɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɧɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɪɟɱɢɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɟ
ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɤɚɤɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ
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ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɋɰɟɥɶɸɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɱɚɫɬɢɰɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɳɢɯɨɫɨɛɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɪɟɱɢɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɢɯɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣɫɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɦɵɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹɧɚɢɯɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɫɨ
ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɨɞɧɚɢɡɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɱɚɫɬɢɰ²ɫɭɝɝɟ
ɫɬɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɈɧɚɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɚɧ
ɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣȽɨɜɨɪɹɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɀȼɚɧɞɪɢɟɫɚ©ɹɡɵɤɟɫɬɶɨɪɭɞɢɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɢɦɟɟɬ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɨɧɹɬɶɹɡɵɤɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɡɭɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɨɜɫɟɣɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɠɢɡɧɶɸªɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸȿȽɌɨɥɤɭɧɨɜɨɣɧɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɬɪɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɹɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ>@Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɫɢɯɨ
ɥɨɝɨɜɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɬɚɤɢɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɢɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ
ɇɟɥɶɡɹɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɷɬɢɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɚɠɧɵɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢ
ɍɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ²ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɬɟɡɢɫɨɜɢɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɢɥɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜȼɧɭɲɟɧɢɟ²ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɷɦɨɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɟ
ɬɚɤɢɟɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɢɩɵɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɫɶɛɚɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɭɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɩɪɚɲɢɜɚ
ɧɢɟɧɚɭɳɟɧɢɟɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɮɨɪɦɭɥɵɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɧɢɹɚɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɵɚɮɮɢɪɦɚɰɢɢɷɤɡɟɪɫɢɬɢɜɵ
©ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɦɚɧɞɵª ɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɟɪɢɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɮɢɝɭɪɵɋɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ²ɷɬɨɫɤɪɵɬɨɟɢɦ
ɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɟɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɚɤɬɨɜ
ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɢɩɨɜɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɫɩɨɦɨ
ɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɯ
ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɵɯɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɥɟɜɵɟɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɋɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬɛɟɡɹɜɧɵɯɩɪɨɫɶɛɭɜɟɳɟɜɚɧɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɜ
ɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɧɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ©ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯɫɦɵɫ
ɥɨɜɢɜɵɜɨɞɨɜªɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ɋɥɨɜɨ©ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹª ODW6XJJHVWLR ɜɡɹɬɨɢɡɥɚ
ɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ©ɧɚɦɟɤª©ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟªɋɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹɫɯɨɞɧɚɫɝɢɩɧɨɡɨɦɢɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɩɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɟɦɵɫɥɹɳɟɣɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɰɟɥɶɸɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɟɟ
ɫɥɚɛɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ>@>@ɋɦɟɠɧɵɟɫɝɢɩɧɨɡɨɦɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɵɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɢɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢɚɜɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɟɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟ
ɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ
əɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɢɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɪɢɬɨ
ɪɢɤɨɣɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɧɚɭɤɚɦɢɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ
ɱɬɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɬɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢȿȽɌɨɥɤɭɧɨɜɚɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɤɚɤɫɭɝ
ɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɧɚɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɨɜɚɛɟɡɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɥɚɬɟɧɬɚ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɟɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢ>@ɇɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɋɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɛɵɥɢɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɜɪɚɛɨɬɚɯɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɝɟɪɦɚɧɢɫɬɨɜ
ȺȿɁɚɢɤɢɧɚɋɘɉɨɥɭɣɤɨɜɨɣɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵ
ɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ²ȼɂɆɭɦɢɧɨɜɚȼȺɉɨɪɨɲɢɧɨɣ
Ɉɛɳɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɸɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ
ɂɘɑɟɪɟɩɚɧɨɜɚȺɀɆɚɲɢɦɛɚɟɜɚ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ
ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢȼɂɆɭɦɢɧɨɜɜɢɞɢɬɫɭɝ
ɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɦɢɧɟɹɫɧɨɦ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɦɵɫɥɢɊɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɭɝɝɟ
ɫɬɢɜɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɥɨɝɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɟɱɢɧɨɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɰ>@
Ⱦɚɥɟɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɜɨɬɬɭɬɤɚɤɱɬɨȼɂɆɭɦɢɧɨɜɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɤɜɵ
ɜɨɞɭɱɬɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ²ɷɬɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟ
ɦɨɟɧɚɩɨɞɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜ
ɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
Ɇɵɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɷɦɩɢɪɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰȾɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɷɬɭɰɟɥɶɦɵ
ɛɭɞɟɦɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
² %L VW GX D XFK QLFKW JHWl X VFKW PLW GH U
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²ȻɟɲɣɢɥɺɲɚɺɥɝɚɭɡɨΙɦɭɞɞɚɬɷɤɚɧɦɟɧɢɤɟ
ɱɢɪ«²ɺɥɛɨɪɝɚɧɞɢɯɨɬɢɧɢ
Ɇɟɧɱɢɦɟɧ"
ɋɟɧɢɧɝʆɪɧɢɧɝɞɚɦɟɧɤɟɱɢɪɚɪɞɢɦɫɟɧΣɚɦɤɟɱɢ
ɪɢɲɢɧɝɤɟɪɚɤ
Ɇɟɧɷɪɤɚɤɦɚɧɚɯɢɪ>@
Ⱥɹɚɹ"«
ɇɚ ɬɜɨɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɥɚ ɛɵ Ɍɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ
ɇɨ ɹ ɜɟɞɶ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ « >@ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɇȼȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ȼɨɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɝɟɪɨɣɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɬɪɟ
ɛɭɟɬɜɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɱɬɨɛɵɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɧɹ
ɥɢɜɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹɦɹɝɤɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨɩɪɚɝ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɱɚ
ɫɬɢɰɵ
ɊɎȻɟɝɦɚɬɨɜɚ
Ʉɚɤɜɢɞɧɨɢɡɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɫɥɭɠɚɬɞɥɹɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɝɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ
ɋɘɉɨɥɭɣɤɨɜɚɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢɤɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɝɪɚɦ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɫɭɝɝɟ
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ɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɭɧɢɯɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɈɧɚɨɬɦɟ
ɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹ²ɷɬɨɨɞɢɧɢɡɜɢɞɨɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɧɚɫɤɪɵɬɚɹɢɡɚɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ>@
ɂɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɷɬɨɝɨɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɦɨɠɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɪɚ
ɬɟɝɢɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɥɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɸɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɤɚɤɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ²ɤɚɤ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɝ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɥɢ
ȺȿɁɚɢɤɢɧɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɚ
ɫɬɢɰɵDXFKGRFKHWZDYLHOOHLFKWZRKOVFKRQɩɪɢ
ɞɚɸɬɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɫɭɝ
ɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɢɱɚ
ɫɬɢɰɵGRFKɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɤɭɬ
ɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸɭɫɥɵɲɚɧɧɨɣɢɦɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɨɧɠɞɟɬɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɜɟɬ>@ȼɰɟɥɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɦɟ
ɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɪɚɛɨɬɚɯɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɬɨɧ
ɤɨɫɬɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɹȼɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɨɧɚɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɝ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ>@ɢɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɟɣ
ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɹɆɵɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ
ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɨɞɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɟɳɟɩɪɢɦɟɪȼɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɟɫɬɶ
ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɠɟ
ɥɚɧɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɣɨɬɜɟɬ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɱɚɫɬɢɰɚYLHOOHLFKWɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɬɚɤɭɸɢɧ
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+lWWHVWGXYLHOOHLFKWOLHEHU%LHU" ɇɚɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɭɠɢɧɚɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɢɤɨɧɶɹɤɢɜɢɧɨɯɨɡɹɢɧ
ɭɜɢɞɟɜɱɬɨɨɞɢɧɢɡɝɨɫɬɟɣɨɬɧɢɯɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫ©Ɇɨɠɟɬɜɵɥɸɛɢɬɟɩɢɜɨ"ª
ɋɥɨɜɨYLHOOHLFKWɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɦɨɠɟɬɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɩɪɢ
Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɷɬɨɦɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɨɧɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɟɡɭɞɚɪ
ɧɵɦȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵYLHOOHLFKWɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ
ɛɟɡɜɨɩɪɨɫɚȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨ
ɛɨɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɥɢɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɧɢɟɬɨɞɚɧɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɢɰɚ
ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɚɪɬɢɤɥɟɦHWZDȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟHWZD
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨȿɝɨɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɟɣGHQQȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɡɚɦɟɧɵɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɟɧɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɢɜɨɫɬɢɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɨɬɜɟɬɭ9LHOOHLFKWɠɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɞɪɭɠɟɥɸɛɧɨɦɭ
ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɸɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɨɬɜɟɬɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦɨɬɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹɝɨɫɬɹ>@Ɂɞɟɫɶɭɦɟɫɬ
ɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɟɣɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵYLHOOHLFKW
ȼɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
©ȺɯɢɪɲɭɧɱɚɢɲΙɢɥɢɧɝɚɧɥɢɝɢɝɚΙɚɪɚɦɚɣ
ɝɪɢɩɩɧɢɧɝɞɚɜɨɫɢɬɨɩɢɥɝɚɧɢɣʆΙɤɭȻɢɬɬɚ
ɢɝɧɚɺɤɢΣɚɩɞɨɪɢɛɢɥɚɧɺɛʆɥɦɚɫɚɱɚΙɚɥɨΙɥɢɤɞɚ
Ιɢɥɢɧɚɞɢɝɚɧɷɦɥɚɲɥɚɪɛɢɥɚɧɝɪɢɩɩɤɚɫɚɥɥɢɝɢɛɭ
ɬɭɧɥɚɣɣʆΙΙɢɥɢɧɦɚɝɚɧɤɭª>@
ɍɩɪɟɤɚɥɢɩɨɪɨɣ©ɇɭɱɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɝɪɢɩɩ"Ɋɚɡɜɟ
ɬɚɤɬɪɭɞɧɨɜɵɩɢɫɚɬɶɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵɢɞɜɚɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɶ
ɤɢɯɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ"ɗɬɨɭɞɟɥɛɟɡɞɚɪɧɵɯɧɟɭɦɟɯª>@
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɇȼȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ȼɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɧɚɪɹ
ɞɭɫɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ©ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɢªɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹªɋɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɹɟɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬ
ɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɜɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ
ɩɨɘɉɇɟɱɚɸɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɠɚɧɪɚɯɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹɧɚɞɜɚɜɢɞɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɩɪɚɝ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸȼɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɱɬɨ
ɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɩɨɤɨ
ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɱɚɳɟɚɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
>@ȼɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɢɬɢɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɢɬɢɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɜɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɤɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚYLHOOHLFKW
ZDKUVFKHLQOLFKHLQELVVFKHQɛ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɵɯɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ
HLJHQWOLFKDOVRɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɛ
ɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɑɟɦɜɵɲɟɭɪɨ
ɜɟɧɶɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɦɫɢɥɶɧɟɟɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟ>@
ɋɪɟɞɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨȼɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɨɧɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɤɠɢɜɨɦɭɢɦɹɝɤɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ
ȼɤɪɭɝɭɞɟɥɹɳɢɯɫɹɧɚɦɧɨɝɢɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɱɚɫɬɢɰɬɨɥɶ
ɤɨɫɦɹɝɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɫɬɪɟ
ɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɯɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɮɨɤɭɫɧɵɯɨɬɪɢ
ɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɢɰɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ>@
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɩɨ
ɜɟɥɟɧɢɹȼɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɚɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ
ɜɫɜɨɟɣɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɝɨɜɨɪɹ
ɳɟɦɭɦɹɝɤɨɜɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɜɨɣ
ɩɪɢɤɚɡɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɫɶɛɭɢɬɩɄɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ
ɍɋɭɥɟɟɜɚɜɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɣɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɤɭɦɵɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɱɵ ɱɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɱɬɨɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɠɢɜɨɫɬɶɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ>@
ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɘɉɇɟɱɚɹɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɷɦɨ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɜɫɟɝɞɚɢɦɟɸɬ
ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>@Ɇɵɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɱɬɨɬɚɤɢɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɫɥɭɠɚɬɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɫɦɹɝɱɚɸ
ɳɟɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɂɡɭɱɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɂȼɊɭɠɢɰɤɢɣɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟɞɥɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɱɚɳɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ
ɸɬɫɹɜɪɟɱɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯɈɧɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɜɧɢɦɚ
ɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɬɨɢɠɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɧɵɦɢɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɪɚɫɤɚɹɧɢɟɢɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ>@ɋɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɢɟɬɜɟɪ
ɞɨɫɬɶɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɵɧɟ«
ɥɢɧɟ«ɛɵɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɯɩɪɨɫɶɛɭɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣɨɛ
ɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ>@
ȼɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɨɜɩɟɪ
ɜɵɟɛɵɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɨȺȺɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜɵɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɢɯɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɦɭɥɨɣɢɦɥɢɤɯɭɲɦɭɨɦɢɥɚ
ɥɢɤ ɨɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɥɸɛɟɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɥɨɜɨɯɭɲɦɭɨ
ɦɚɥɢɤ ɨɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɤɚɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɎɚɪɢɞɚɢɧɞɚɦɚɣΙɭɥɨΙɛɟɪɢɛʆɬɢɪɞɢʆɬɢɪɞɢ
ɞɚɧɢΣɨɹɬɬɢɥɝɚɤɢɪɞɢ©Ɇɚɣɥɢɇɨɫɢɪɠɨɧ
ɤʆɧɝɥɢɧɝɢɡɞɚɝɢɧɢΣɚɦɺɡɢɧɝɎɚΙɚɬɛɢɡɬɚɥɚɛ
ΙɢɥɝɚɧɦɚΙɨɥɚɪɞɚɧɤɟɣɢɧɺɡɢɧɝɍɧɭɬɦɚɧɝɤɢɲɚɯ
ɫɚɧɫɢɡɧɢɧɝΣɚɺɬɢɧɝɢɡɝɚɦɚɡɦɭɧɛɟɪɚɞɢɝɚɧɢΣɚɦ
ʆɲɚɛɢɡɫɢɡɞɚɧɫʆɪɚɺɬɝɚɧɢɲɄʆɧɝɢɥɞɚɝɢɷɫɚ«
ɷΣΣɟɤʆɧɝɢɥɝɚΙʆɣɢɛɛɟɪɫɚɧɝɢɡɧɢɦɚɥɚɪɧɢɬɭ
ɫɚɦɚɣɞɢɞɟɣɫɢɡɅɟɤɢɧɛɭɺΙɞɚɹɲɚɲɤɟɪɚɤɤɭ
ɇɨɫɢɪɠɨɧ«ª>@
Ɏɚɪɢɞɚɞɨɥɝɨɦɨɥɱɚɫɥɭɲɚɥɚɟɝɨɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ
ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ©Ʌɚɞɧɨɇɨɫɵɪɠɨɧɩɢɲɢɬɟɢɨɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɡɚɞɭɦɚɥɢɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɬɟɯɫɬɚɬɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɦ
ɧɭɠɧɵɂɧɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟɱɬɨɥɢɱɧɨɜɚɲɟɣɠɢɡ
ɧɢɫɦɵɫɥɞɚɺɬɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɚɦɩɨɪɭɱɟ
ɧɚȺɬɨɱɬɨɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ«ɟɫɥɢɞɚɬɶɜɨɥɸɠɟɥɚ
ɧɢɸɫɟɪɞɰɭɬɨɱɟɝɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɟɦɭɧɟɡɚɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ
ɇɨɠɢɬɶɬɨɧɭɠɧɨɇɨɫɵɪɠɨɧ«ª>@ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɇȼȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ȼɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɬɚɤɠɟɞɥɹɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɫɶɛɵɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɤɥɹɬɢɹɢɛɥɚɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɢɯɷɬɧɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
Ɇɚɧɷɬɢɥɝɚɧɞɚɪɚɯɬɧɢɧɝɦɟɜɚɫɢɠɚɞɚɹɦ
ɠɭɞɚɹɦɲɢɪɢɧɬɭɸɥɞɢɯɨɬɢɧɝɚ«
² ȻɨΕɢɦɢɡɞɚɝɢɷɧɝɷɧɝɲɢɪɢɧɦɟɜɚɧɢɤɟɥɬɢɪ
ɞɢɦɫɟɧɝɚ²ɞɟɞɢɯɨɬɢɧɈɞɚɦɝɚ
² Θɚɧɞɚɣɦɟɜɚɷɤɚɧɛɭ"²Ιʆɥɢɝɚɨɥɢɛɚɣɥɚɧ
ɬɢɪɢɛɤʆɪɞɢɨɥɦɚɧɢɈɞɚɦɌɚɴΙɢΙɥɚɧɝɚɧɞɚɪɚɯ
ɬɧɢɤɢɛʆɥɦɚɫɢɧɬɚΕɢɧ"±ɃʆΙ²Ʉɟɫɤɢɧɷɴɬɢɪɨɡ
ɛɢɥɞɢɪɞɢɈɞɚɦΘɚɪɚɚɬɪɨɮɢɦɢɡɞɚɛɨɲΙɚɦɟ
ɜɚɥɚɪɬʆɥɢɛɬɨɲɢɛɺɬɢɛɞɢɤɭɧɟɝɚɚɣɧɚɧɲɭɧɢ
ɏɭɞɨɜɚɧɞɦɚɧΙɢɥɝɚɧɢɧɢɟɣɢɲɢɦɤɟɪɚɤɷɤɚɧ"«
² ȻɭɛɨɲΙɚɱɚɞɚȻɨΕɧɢɧɝɛɢɪɨɧɬɚɦɟɜɚɫɢ
ɬɟɧɝɥɚɲɚɨɥɦɚɣɞɢɛɭɛɢɥɚɧ²ɯɨɬɢɧɢɨɞɚɦɧɢɧɝ
ΙʆɥɢɞɚɧɨɥɢɛɤʆɡɥɚɪɢɝɚɹΙɢɧɬɭɬɞɢ«Ɉɞɚɦɲɭɧ
ɞɚɣɯɚɺɥɜɚɬɚɪɚɞɞɭɞɛɢɥɚɧɯɨɬɢɧɢΙʆɥɢɞɚɹɥɹɥ
ɺɧɢɛɬɭɪɝɚɧɨɥɦɚɧɢΙɚɧɞɚɣɬɢɲɥɚɛΙʆɣɝɚɧɢɧɢʆɡɢ
ΣɚɦɫɟɡɦɚɣΙɨɥɞɢ>@
Ɂɚɩɪɟɬɧɵɣɩɥɨɞɩɪɢɲɟɥɫɹɩɨɜɤɭɫɭɠɟɧɟ«
² əɩɪɢɧɟɫɥɚɬɟɛɟɫɚɦɵɣɜɤɭɫɧɵɣɩɥɨɞɤɚɤɨɣ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɟɫɬɶɜɫɚɞɭɫɤɚɡɚɥɚɠɟɧɚȺɞɚɦɭ«
² Ʉɚɤɨɣɠɟɷɬɨɩɥɨɞ"²ɨɧɜɡɹɥɜɪɭɤɢɹɛɥɨɤɨ
ɢɩɨɜɟɪɬɟɥɟɝɨ²Ⱥɧɟɫɡɚɩɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɥɢɨɧɨɞɟɪɟɜɚ"
ɇɟɬ²ɪɟɡɤɨɜɨɡɪɚɡɢɥȺɞɚɦ²ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɜɨɤɪɭɝ
ɧɚɫɩɨɥɧɨɜɫɹɤɢɯɩɥɨɞɨɜɉɨɱɟɦɭɠɟɹɞɨɥɠɟɧɟɫɬɶ
ɷɬɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɵɟɋɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ"
² Ɍɚɤɷɬɨɞɪɭɝɨɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɧɢɨɞɢɧɩɥɨɞ
ɜɫɚɞɭɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶɫɹɫɧɢɦɀɟɧɚɜɡɹ
ɥɚɹɛɥɨɤɨɢɩɨɞɧɟɫɥɚɤɝɥɚɡɚɦȺɞɚɦɚȺɞɚɦɜɧɟ
ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɡɹɥɢɡɪɭɤɠɟɧɵɫɜɟɪɤɚɸ
ɳɟɟɹɛɥɨɤɨɢɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɢɥɤɚɤɧɚɞɤɭɫɢɥɟɝɨ>@
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɇȼȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ɇɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɧɨɢɭɫɢ
ɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɭɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɤɭȺɞɚɦɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɜɨɺɧɟɞɨ
ɊɎȻɟɝɦɚɬɨɜɚ
ɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɨɬɟɦɱɬɨɧɟɯɨɱɟɬɟɫɬɶɹɛɥɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚ
ɟɦɨɟɠɟɧɨɣ
ɈȻɚɡɚɪɨɜɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɱɚɫɬɢɰɭɞɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵ
ɤɟɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɬɪɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɢɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɇɚɧɚɲ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞɤɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ±ɞɚ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹɟɲɺɨɞɧɚɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹɫɦɹɝ
ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɦɨɠɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɰɟɥɨɦɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɹɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɢɰɹɪɤɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɣɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɜɫɟɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɏɭɞɨɧɢɧɝɭɣɢɞɚɱɭΙɢɧɚɺɬɝɚɧɅɚɪɢɫɚɯɨɥɚ
ʆɬɝɚɧɥɚɪɧɢɛɢɪɢɧɫɢɪɢɧɺɞɝɚɨɥɢɛ«ɧɚɜɛɚɬɹΙɢɧ
ɞɭɝɨɧɚɥɚɪɢɞɚɧɆɚɬɥɭɛɚɝɚɟɬɝɚɧɞɚɢɤɤɢɥɚɧɢɛ
Ιɨɥɞɢ©Ⱥɯɢɪɭɦɭɫɭɥɦɨɧɛʆɥɫɚɦɟɧɷɫɚɧɚɫɪɨɧɢɣ
ɚΙɢɝɚɞɭɨΙɢɥɫɚɦɛʆɥɚɪɦɢɤɚɧ"ª«ɆɭɥɨΣɚɡɚΙɢɥɚ
ΙɢɥɚɚɯɢɣɪɢɛɢɪΙɚɪɨɪɝɚɤɟɥɞɢ©Ⱥɯɢɪɞɢɧɥɚɪɢɦɢɡ
ΣɚɪɯɢɥɛʆɥɫɚɞɚɞɢɥɥɚɪɢɦɢɡɹΙɢɧɷɞɢɤɭȺɯɢɪɦɟɧ
ɯɚɦɆɚɬɥɭɛɚɛɢɪɭɦɪɫɢΕɢɧɝɚɧɏɭɞɨɝɚɢɥɬɢɠɨ
Ιɢɥɹɩɦɚɧɤɭ>@
Ʉɨɝɞɚɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɞɨɲɥɚɞɨɛɥɢɡɤɨɣɩɨɞɪɭɝɢ
ɆɚɬɥɸɛɵɬɟɬɹɅɚɪɢɫɚɡɚɫɨɦɧɟɜɚɥɚɫɶ©Ɉɧɚɛɵɥɚ
ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɤɨɣɹ²ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɤɚɦɨɠɧɨɥɢɦɧɟ
ɦɨɥɢɬɶɫɹɨɟɟɞɭɲɟ"ª«ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɥɝɢɯɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟ
ɧɢɣɨɧɚɪɟɲɢɥɚ©ȼɟɪɵɭɧɚɫɪɚɡɧɵɟɧɨɫɟɪɞɰɚ
ɧɚɲɢɛɵɥɢɛɥɢɡɤɢȼɟɞɶɹɦɨɥɸɫɶɬɨɦɭɠɟȻɨɝɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɜɫɸɠɢɡɧɶɦɨɥɢɥɚɫɶɆɚɬɥɸɛɚª«>@
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɇȼȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ȼɬɟɤɫɬɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɠɪɟɥɟɝɢɨɡɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɤɨɣɅɚɪɢɫɨɣɢɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɤɨɣ
ɆɚɬɥɸɛɨɣɅɚɪɢɫɚɯɨɱɟɬɩɨɦɨɥɢɬɶɫɹɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɟɪɵɡɚɞɚɜɧɸɸɡɧɚɤɨɦɭɸɭɦɟɪ
ɲɭɸɩɨɞɪɭɝɭɆɚɬɥɸɛɭɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ±ɤɭɨɧɚɤɚɤɛɵɭɛɟɠɞɚɟɬɫɟɛɹɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɢɯɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɤɚɤ
ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɭɸɬɚɤɢɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹɨɛ
ɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɚɞɟɫɚɬɚɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɥɭ
ɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟ
ɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɢɰɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɛɨɥɟɟɦɹɝɤɨɞɟɥɢɤɚɬɧɨɜɵ
ɪɚɡɢɬɶɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɢɩɚɩɪɢ
ɤɚɡɚɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɜɟɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɟɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɄɪɚɬɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɉɨɞɪɟɞɂȼɅɟɯɢɧɚɢɩɪɨɮɎɇɉɟɬɪɨɜɚȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɆɭɦɢɧɨɜȼɂɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɪɨɦɚɧɟɎɆȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ©ɂɞɢɨɬª²ɘɠɧɨ
ɋɚɯɚɥɢɧɫɤ²ɫ
ɇɟɱɚɣɘɉɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡ Ⱦɢɫɫɞɨɤɬɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ²Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ
²ɫ
ɉɨɪɨɲɢɧɚȼȺȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɢɢɯɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɛɵɥɢɧȾɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ²ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ²ɫ
ɉɨɥɭɣɤɨɜɚɋɘɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ
ɩɨɫɥɚɧɢɢȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚȼɵɩ ²ɋ²
ɊɭɠɢɰɤɢɣɂȼɆɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɢɡɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢəɡɵɤɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɋɛɋɬɚɬɟɣ²Ɇɚɤɫɉɪɟɫɫ²ȼɵɩ²
ɋ²
ɊɵɠɭɤȿȺɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹɜɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢFɤɭɪɫɟ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ ²Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ²ɫ
ɋɭɥɟɟɜɚɍɆɑɚɫɬɢɰɵɤɭɦɵɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȾɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ²Ɇɚɯɚɱɤɚɥɚ²ɫ
ɌɨɥɤɭɧɨɜɚȿȽɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɨɥɨɝɢ
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ȺɄɋɂɈɅɈȽȿɆȺɂɅɂɋɌȿɊȿɈɌɂɉ"
ȼɂȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɟɧɢɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɊɨɫɫɢɢȻɇȿɥɶɰɢɧɚȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɩɪɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟɊɎɎɂɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚʋȺ©Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɣɛɵɬ
ɫɟɦɶɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɠɢɜɨɣɪɟɱɢɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ ª
ɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹɸɛɢɥɟɸɩɪɨɮɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɝɢɩɟɪɬɪɨɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɦɚ
ɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɟɛɹȼɪɭɫɥɟɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɈɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɯɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɯɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ
ɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɢ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɤɢɥɸɛɨɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɪɚɡɧɭɸɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɲɤɚɥɟɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɜɦɟɧɶɲɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ȼɵɜɟ
ɞɟɬɟɫɟɛɹɧɟɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɈɬɫɤɪɨɦɧɨ
ɫɬɢɧɟɭɦɪɟɬ ɢɪɨɧ²©Ɉɬɨɦɤɬɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɚɦɨɭɜɟ
ɪɟɧɧɟɫɤɪɨɦɟɧ>ɋ@ª ɢɩɪ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɤɚɤɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟɨɬɤɥɨɧɟ
ɧɢɟɨɬɧɨɪɦɵɈɞɧɚɤɨɢɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɜɛyɥɶɲɭɸɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɭɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢɬɚɤɠɟɜɵ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɧɚɫɦɟɲɤɭɄɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪ²ɪɟɡɤɨɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
ɫɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦɜɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚȺɉɑɟɯɨɜɚ©Ɍɨɥɫɬɵɣ
ɢɬɨɧɤɢɣªɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɛɵɜɲɢɟɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɢɭɡɧɚɥɢ
ɭɤɨɝɨɢɡɧɢɯɤɚɤɨɣɱɢɧɏɨɬɹɬɚɤɢɯ©ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯª
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ©ɝɢɩɟɪɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢªɜɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɯɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɪɹɞɥɢɧɚɣɞɟɬɫɹɦɧɨɝɨ
ɜɫɺɠɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜɫɬɚɬɶɟ©ɋɄɊɈɆɇɕɃª©ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚª
ɆȺɋ ɩɨɞɪɟɞȺɉȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɨɣɧɟɜɦɟɪɭɫɤɪɨɦ
ɧɵɎɟɧɟɱɤɚɢɡ©ɈɬɰɨɜɢɞɟɬɟɣªɂɋɌɭɪɝɟɧɟɜɚ
ɒɚɛɥɨɜɚɢɡ©ɉɨɡɞɧɟɣɥɸɛɜɢªȺɇɈɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɲɜɟɹȽɨɪɸɲɢɧɚɢɡ©ɀɢɡɧɢɆɚɬɜɟɹɄɨɠɟɦɹɤɢɧɚª
ɆȽɨɪɶɤɨɝɨɢɞɪ>Ɍ,9ɋ@ɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɜɵ
ɡɵɜɚɬɶɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣɢɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɨɬɦɟɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ©ɨɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɚɹɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɳɚɹɫɪɨɛɨɫɬɶɸ«ª
>ɋ²@©Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɫɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɫɥɨɜª
ɩɨɞɪɟɞɇɘɒɜɟɞɨɜɨɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ©ɪɨɛɨɫɬɶª
ɜɩɟɪɜɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɤɚɤɨɬɚɞɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬ©ɪɨɛɤɢɣª ɬɟ©ɧɟɫɦɟɥɵɣɛɨɹɡɥɢɜɵɣɨɩɚɫɥɢ
ɜɵɣª>ɋ@ ɚɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɦ²ɤɚɤ©ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɚɯɚɛɨɹɡɧɢª>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@ɉɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ©ɪɨɛɨɫɬɶª
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɣɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɢɦɟɟɬ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɠɟ
ɤɪɟɱɟɜɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɝɢɩɟɪɬɪɨɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɩɪɢɧɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟɫɟɛɹɫɜɨɟɣɪɨɥɢɢɥɢɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ
ɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟª
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɱɢ ɡɞɟɫɶɢɧɢɠɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɩɪɨɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɥɭɠɢɪ
ɧɵɦɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦɜɫɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɤɪɨɦɟɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɫɨɛɨɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɢɡɥɢɱɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɢɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɥɢɛɨɢɡɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɢɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɛɳɟ
ɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɍɪɎɍ ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɂɡɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ
ɋɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬȺ²ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚȻ²
ɟɟɦɚɬɶ
ȾɨɦɚɧɚɤɭɯɧɟȻɭɩɥɢɬɵɱɬɨɬɨɠɚɪɢɬ
Ⱥ ɜɛɟɝɚɟɬɦɚɲɟɬɪɭɤɨɣɨɤɨɥɨɧɨɫɚɤɚɤɩɪɢɫɢɥɶ
ɧɨɦɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɡɚɩɚɯɟ Ɇɚɦɚɜɵɨɩɹɬɶɡɚɫɬɚɪɨɟ
Ȼ ɱɬɨɬɨɠɭɟɬ ɑɬɨɧɟɬɚɤ"
Ⱥ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɇɭɧɚɤɚɤɨɦɜɵɆȺɋɅȿɷɬɨ
ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ"
Ȼ ɠɭɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɧɟɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨ ɋɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɦ
>ɲɥɜɲɧɨɦ@
Ⱥɋɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɟɇɭɬɚɦɠɟɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧ
ȼɪɟɞɧɨɨɱɟɧɶ
Ȼɍɦɧɵɟɜɫɟɫɬɚɥɢ ɲɜɵɪɹɟɬɥɨɩɚɬɨɱɤɭɞɥɹɠɚɪ
ɤɢɨɬɯɨɞɢɬɨɬɩɥɢɬɵɡɚɞɨɦɤȺ ȼɚɦɧɟɭɝɨɞɢɲɶ
Ⱥ ɨɛɧɢɦɚɟɬȻɫɡɚɞɢ ɍɝɨɞɢɲɶɭɝɨɞɢɲɶ
ɍɦɧɵɟɜɫɟɫɬɚɥɢ²ɢɦɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɹµɚɹɧɟɬɚɤɚɹ
ɬɟɝɥɭɩɚɹɛɟɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɹ¶Ɂɚɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɫɟɛɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɠɟɫɬɚɢɩɚɭɡɵ©ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɫɹªɧɚɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚȼɚɦɧɟɭɝɨɞɢɲɶ²
µɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɹɧɢɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶɜɫɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɵɧɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ¶
ȼɢɞɹɱɬɨȻɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɚȺɟɟɨɛɧɢɦɚɟɬɢɭɬɟɲɚɟɬ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ɋɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬȼ²ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɥɟɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɨɥɨɝȺ²ɠɟɧɚ
ȼɥɟɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɂɅ²ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚȼɝɨɞɚɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪ
ȾɨɦɚɭɂɅ
ɂɅȺɩɢɪɨɝɢɤɭɞɚɞɟɥɢ"ȼɵɛɪɨɫɢɥɢɜɱɟɪɚ"
ȼɇɭɤɚɤɜɵɛɪɨɫɢɥɢɛɚɛɭɲɤɚɫɴɟɥɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ
ɜɤɭɫɧɵɟɜɟɞɶɡɚɱɟɦɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶ
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ɂɅ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹɩɢɪɨɝɨɜɧɚɬɚɪɟɥɤɭȼ Ƚɨɜɧɨɦɬɟɛɹɜɫɹɤɢɦɤɨɪɦɥɸɝɚɞɨɫɬɢɜɫɹɤɢɟ
ɭɦɟɧɹɟɲɶ
ȼɇɢɪɚɡɭɧɟɟɥɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ ɠɭɹ ɨɱɟɧɶɜɤɭɫɧɨ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ɋɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬȼ²ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɥɟɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɨɥɨɝȺ²ɠɟɧɚ
ȼɥɟɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɌɘ²ɦɚɬɶ
Ⱥɬɟɳɚȼɥɟɬɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪ
ȾɨɦɚɭɌɘ
ɌɘȺɜɨɬɜɚɦɩɢɪɨɠɤɢɧɟɜɤɭɫɧɵɟɧɚɜɟɪɧɨ
Ⱥȼɤɭɫɧɵɟɦɚɦɚɭɬɟɛɹɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɤɭɫɧɵɟ
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Ɍɘȼɚɧɧɚɭɦɟɧɹɝɪɹɡɧɚɹɫɟɣɱɚɫ>ɳɚɫ@ɩɨɦɨɸ
ȼȾɚɥɚɞɧɨ
©Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɜɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɫɥɨɜªɩɨɞ
ɪɟɞɇɘɒɜɟɞɨɜɨɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ©ɋȺɆɈ
ɍɇɂɀȿ¶ɇɂȿɹɫɪ ɤɧɢɠɧ ɍɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɝɨ
ɫɟɛɹª>ɋ@ɢ©ɋȺɆɈɍɇɂɑɂɀȿ¶ɇɂȿɹ
ɫɪ ɤɧɢɠɧ ɍɧɢɱɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɟɛɹª>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɜɤɚɠɞɨɦɢɡɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ
ɧɵɯɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣɭɧɢɠɚɟɬɥɢɛɨ
ɭɧɢɱɢɠɚɟɬɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɟɛɹ"ȿɞɜɚɥɢɈɛɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɛɟɡɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɢɞɚɫɚɦɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡ
ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɬɟɪɸɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɪ
ɍɇɂɀȿ¶ɇɂȿɹɫɪɫɦɭɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ
ɈɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɟɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɌɟɪɩɟɬɶ
ɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ>ɋ@
ɍɇɂ¶ɁɂɌɖɢғɠɭɢғɡɢɲɶɢғɠɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɜɤɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɈɫɤɨɪɛɢɬɶɱɶɸɧɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ
ȼɂȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɧɨɝɨɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɍɧɚɫɦɟɲɤɨɣ__ɧɟɫɨɜɭɧɢɠɚғɬɶ
ɚғɸɚғɟɲɶ__ɫɭɳɭɧɢɠɟғɧɢɟɹɫɪ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
ɍɇɂ¶ɁɂɌɖɋəɢғɠɭɫɶɢғɡɢɲɶɫɹɫɨɜɍɪɨɧɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɺɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɟɛɹɜɭɧɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɍɞɨɥɠɢ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
ɍɇɂɑɂɀȺ¶Ɍɖɚғ ɸɚғɟɲɶɧɟɫɨɜɤɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨ ɤɧɢɠɧ ɍɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɹɬɶ __ ɫɨɜ
ɭɧɢɱɢɠɢғ ɬɶɠɭғɠɢғ ɲɶɠɺɧɧɵɣ ±ɺɧɟɧɚғ __
ɫɭɳɭɧɢɱɢɠɟғɧɢɟɹɫɪ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
ɗɬɢɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɭɩɨɬɪɟ
ɛɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɢɥɟɣɫɪ©Ɉɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɬɪɢɰɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɭɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɣɱɟɫɬɶɢɞɨ
ɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɷɬɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɤɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɧɟ
ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟª>ɋ@ɇɢɱɟɝɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɸɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɚɡɧɚɱɢɬ
ɢɫɚɦɨɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɸɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɮɪɚɝ
ɦɟɧɬɚɯɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɟɧɟɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ
ɇɚɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɧɚɜɨ
ɞɹɬɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɧɢɱɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜ©ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚª ɆȺɋ ɩɨɞɪɟɞȺɉȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ
ɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ²µɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɱɶɢɯɥɡɚɫɥɭɝ
ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɪɨɥɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ¶>Ɍ,9ɋ@ɭɧɢɱɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟ²µɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɨɝɨɥ¶>Ɍ,9ɋ@ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɬɨɥɤɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɱɟɪɟɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɚɧɵɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɟɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ²µɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɝɨ²ɱɟɝɨɥ¶>Ɍ,,,ɋ@ɭɦɚɥɟ
ɧɢɟ²µɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɪɨɥɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɝɨ²ɱɟɝɨɥ¶>Ɍ,9ɋ@ ɜɫɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ Ʉɚɤ
ɜɢɞɢɦɜɫɟɷɬɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɬɨɥɤɭɸɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɱɟɪɟɡɞɪɭɝɚ
ȼɩɨɥɶɡɭɜɵɛɨɪɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɝɨɜɨ
ɪɢɬɩɨɦɢɦɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɜɬɨɥɤɨ
ɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɞɥɹɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɚɦɨ ɫɪ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɚ
ɦɨɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɳɟɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɫɨɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟɦµɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɬɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ¶Ɍɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɤɚɤɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɞɨɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɬɟɪɹɟɬɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɨɤɪɚɫɤɭɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɭɸ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜ
ɧɵɯɫɟɦ ɫɪɤɨɪɧɟɜɭɸɦɨɪɮɟɦɭɧɢɡ ɚɤɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨ
ɫɚɦɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɥɢɲɚɟɬɫɹɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢµɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ¶
ɢɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶɧɚ©ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɬɪɟɛɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɦɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɤɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦª>ɋ@²
ɩɨɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɷɬɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɶɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɢɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɯɨ
ɬɟɥɨɫɶɛɵɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɩɭɬɧɵɯɡɚɦɟɱɚ
ɧɢɣɄɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ
ɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɢɥɢɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ"
ɦɵɦɨɬɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɟɝɨɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɞɟɥɢ
«ɫɚɦɨɨɬɝɥɚɝɫɭɳɧɚɟɧɢM ɷ ɫɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɚªɫɪ
ɫɚɦɨɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɭɧɢɡɢɬɶ!ɭɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ >Ɍɋ@
ɫɚɦɨɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟɭɦɚɥɢɬɶ
ɭɦɚɥɢɬɶ!ɭɦɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ >Ɍɋ@
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɧɢɡɢɬɶ!ɩɪɢɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹɫɦ>Ɍɋ@
ɏɨɬɹ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɢɧɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
©ɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚªɩɨɞɪɟɞȺɇɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɱ
ɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɷɬɨɬɬɟɪɦɢɧɩɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɟɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ©ɫɚɦɨɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɸªɧɨɞɚɠɟɛɨɥɟɟɭɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɫɦ>@ Ɉɫɨɛɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɢ
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭɜɵɲɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɸ©ɫɚɦɨɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹªɤɚɤ
©ɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɟɛɹª©ɫɚɦɨɭɧɢɱɢɠɟɧɢɹªɤɚɤ©ɭɧɢ
ɱɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɟɛɹª>ɋ@ɂɡɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɚɦɨ«
ɜ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɢªɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɜɨɟ²©ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɝɨɧɧɚɫɟɛɹɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɛɹ
ɢɥɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɫɟɛɹª>Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ@ɂɬɚɤ
©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟªɦɨɠɟɬɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤ
ɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɣɬɟɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
©ɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɟɛɹª ɧɨɧɟɞɥɹɫɟɛɹ ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
ɇɨɪɦɚɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɬɟɪɦɢɧ
ɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬɨɰɟɧɤɚɠɟ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟ
ɧɢɟªɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɟɥɨɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨɌɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɸɟɫɥɢɧɟɜɫɟɦɬɨɛɨɥɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɭɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟªɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɧɚɹɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɡɟɪɤɚɥɟ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɧɟɪɚɡɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚɫɶɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟ
ɦɨɫɬɶɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣɢɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜȿɳɟɜɤɨɧɰɟɯɝɝɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ
©Ɉɞɧɚɢɡɝɥɚɜɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɬɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɛɵɬɚ²ɧɚ
ɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɢɧª>ɋ@
©Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦɛɵɬɭɨɞɧɚɤɨɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɬɥɢɲɶɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɷɬɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢª>Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ@
ɋɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ ɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵª>@ ɦɨɝɭɬɢɧɬɟɪ
ɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤ©ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɯɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɨɫɢɧɬɚɤ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɧɨɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɯɥɟɤɫɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª>ɋ@
Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɟ
ɦɟɣɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɮɨɪɦɭɥɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɨɱɟ
ɜɢɞɧɵɣɩɪɢɦɟɪ²ɮɪɚɡɚɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɹ«
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɚɹɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɢɡɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ȺȽɨɫɩɨɞɢɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɚɇɭɩɨɱɟɦɭ
ɩɨɱɟɦɭ"ɈɣɤɚɤɚɹɠɟɹɞɭɪɚɈɣ
ɉȺɱɬɨɬɵɯɨɬɟɥɚ"ɑɬɨɛɵɹɤɧɹɡɟɦɢɥɢɝɪɚɮɨɦ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ" 85/KWWSZZZUXVFRUSRUDUX
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ȽɈɣɞɟɜɨɱɤɢɤɚɤɚɹɠɟɹɫɬɪɚɲɧɟɧɶɤɚɹ«
ɀɄȾ>ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ@ɇɭɱɬɨ«
Ⱦɚɧɭɛɪɨɫɶɬɵ 85/KWWSZZZUXVFRUSRUDUX
ɂɡɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɦɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɪɟɩɥɢɤɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɨɤɨɥɨɩɨɥɨɜɢ
ɧɵɛɵɥɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɩɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɵɟɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɇɄɊə ɯɨɬɹɢɞɚɸɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɚɜɬɨ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɢɫɤɚɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ
ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ
ɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɹ«ɜɭɫɬɧɨɦɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɦɩɨɞ
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɯɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɧɚ
ɰɢɟɣ Ʉɚɤɚɹɠɟɹɦɨɥɨɞɟɰ ɚɤɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɱɟɬɤɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣɥɢ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɩɟɪɟɞɧɚɦɢȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɜɵɲɟ
ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɦɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɨɛɭɡɨɫɬɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɟ
ɦɟɣɧɵɯɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜɞɨɛɚɜɢɦɱɬɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɢɜɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
©ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟª©ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɤɨɦ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟªɢɩɪ>ɋ²@
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ
ɋɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɊɅ²ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɤɢ
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɚɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɤɨɥɥɨɤɜɢɭɦɨɦ
ɅɌɵɠɟɧɚɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɥɚ"
Ɋəɟɳɟɯɨɱɭ
ɅɆɨɥɨɞɟɰɬɵɩɪɹɦɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ
ɊȾɚɤɚɤɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɹɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ
ɅɌɵɥɭɱɲɟɜɫɟɯɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɲɶɭɱɢɲɶɫɹ«
Ɋɇɭɢɱɬɨɫɬɨɝɨ"
ɅɁɧɚɱɢɬɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ>ɋ@
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ
ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ©Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɭɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ«ɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣª>ɋ@ȼɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɦɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɹ«ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤɜɢɞɢɦɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹɢɡɦɟɧɹ« ɫɭɠɟɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɵɦ©ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦªɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɳɢɟ
ɪɟɩɥɢɤɢɬɢɩɚȿɫɥɢɛɵɇɭɢɱɬɨ"ɚɬɚɤɠɟȿɪɭɧɞɚ
ɑɟɩɭɯɚɢɬɩɗɬɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢ
ɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɢɯɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɸɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɹ«ɄɚɤɨɣɄɚɤɚɹ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹ«ɢɢɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ əɬɚɤɨɣ
ɬɚɤɚɹ«ɇɭɤɚɤɨɣɤɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɹ«əɦɨɝɭɨɲɢɛɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɨ«ɢɬɞ ɦɨɝɭɬɜɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɤɚɤɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɟɩɥɢɤɬɚɤɢɪɟɩɥɢɤɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɛɨɥɟɟɠɟɨɛɳɢɟɮɪɚɡɵ
ȿɫɥɢɛɵɇɭɢɱɬɨ"ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɪɨɥɶ
ɥɢɲɶɪɟɩɥɢɤɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɛɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɅɨɝɢɤɚɬɚɤɨɝɨɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹɪɟɩɥɢɤɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɥɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɪɟɩɥɢɤ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɢɨɧɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɪɇɭɢɱɬɨ"
ɜɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ²ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶɟɳɟ
ɪɚɡɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶɱɬɨɊ²ɛɨɬɚɧɢɤɢɧɚɱɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɧɟɭɞɚɱɚ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɜɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɉɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹɫɬɪɚ
ɬɟɝɢɸ©ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟ
ɧɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ©ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹªª>ɋ@ɚɬɚɤɬɢɤɭ²©ɨɞɧɢɦɢɥɢ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢª>Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ@ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɤɪɚɣɧɟɣɦɟɪɟɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɬɚɤ
ɬɢɤɨɣȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɷɬɨɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɫɩɨɫɨɛ©ɧɚɪɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬª ɩɪɢɦɟɪ²ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢ
ɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɩɭɬɟɦ
ɟɝɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ²ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟ
ɧɢɟ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭɦɨɠɟɬ
©ɜɵɪɚɫɬɢªɜɰɟɥɭɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸɤɨɝɞɚɧɚɧɟɦɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ
ɜɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɩɚɪɬɢɹɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɜɵɲɟ ɫɦ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ>@ ɝɞɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹȼɟɞɶɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɜɨ
ɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɬɚɤ
ɠɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ>ɋ@
Ʉɚɤɨɜɵɠɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟ
ɝɨɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɝɨɤɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ"ɂɧɚɱɟɝɨɜɨɪɹ
ɤɚɤɢɦɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɦ©ɫɥɭɠɢɬªɞɚɧɧɚɹɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ"ɂɡɜɵ
ɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯɈɋɂɫɫɟɪɫ>@ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɭɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɚ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɢɩ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɧɚɞ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɢɩ ɢɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ
ɧɢɹɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɬɢɩ ²ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ȼɂȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɜɵɲɟɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹɛɵɥɚɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɚɜɫɤɨɥɶɡɶɜɫɜɹ
ɡɢɫɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɚɜɬɨ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɫɚɦɨɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ʉɚɤɜɢɞɧɨ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɬɚɤɬɢɤɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɢɩɨɜ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɚ
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯɧɚɲɟɣɜɵɛɨɪɤɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɧɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɩɨɦɢɦɨɜɫɟɝɨɩɪɨɱɟɝɨɢɯɚɤ
ɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɶɭɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ
ɬɚɤɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟɚɩɟɥɥɢɪɭɸɬɤɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹ²ɤɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣȾɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹ
ɫɟɛɹɤɚɤɭɠɟɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɫɨ
ɛɨɝɨɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɢ
ɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɤɚɤɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ
ɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɬɚɤɠɟ>@ ɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ
ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ʌɢɧɝɜɨɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ
ɪɟɱɢɢɜɨɨɛɳɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɨɬɞɟɥɶ
ɧɭɸɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɤɧɚɱɚɥɭ
ɯɝɝɈɞɧɚɤɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɟɫɦɵɫɥɵɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜ
ɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɢɪɚɧɶɲɟ²ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɫɛ©ɀɢɜɚɹɪɟɱɶɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚª ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤ ɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣ
ɱɢɬɚɟɦ©«ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨɱɬɨɜɱɚɫɵɩɢɤɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɞɧɢɯɢɬɟɯɠɟɝɚɡɟɬ ©ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɢɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɹª©ȼɟɱɟɪɧɢɣɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤª ɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ©ɤɢɨ
ɫɤɟɪ²ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶªɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟɦɨɥɱɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɟɧɶɝɢɦɨɥɱɚɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɝɚɡɟɬɚɅɸɛɚɹ
ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɜɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɨɱɟɪɟ
ɞɶɸɞɚɢɫɚɦɢɦɤɢɨɫɤɟɪɨɦɧɟɪɜɨɡɧɨɤɚɤɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɩɢɫɚɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɚȼɞɪɭɝɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɠɟ©ȼɟɱɟɪɤɚªɧɨɧɚɪɨɞɭɠɟ©ɫɯɥɵɧɭɥªɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɨɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹȼɚɦɱɬɨ"©ȼɟɱɟɪɤɭª"Ɍɚɤɛɵ
ɢɫɤɚɡɚɥɢȾɟɜɨɱɤɚɬɟɛɟɱɟɝɨ"©ȼɟɱɟɪɤɭª"Ⱥɱɬɨɠ
ɦɨɥɱɢɲɶ"ɋɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɥɢɧɟɦɨɠɟɲɶ"ª>ɋ@
Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɮɚɤɬɵɪɟɱɢɤɢɨɫɤɟɪɨɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣɉɨɡɞɧɟɟɬɚɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɚɤɫɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ©ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɵª>ɋ@
ɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɢɞɟɧɟɝ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ©ɢɧɬɟɝɪɟ
ɦɚɦɢª>@ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɧɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɟ
ɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɢɥɢɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ"
ɧɨɪɦɚɦɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ²©ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ
ɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟªɭɤɢɨɫɤɚɜɱɚɫɵɩɢɤ ɂɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɵɢɞɟɡɢɧɬɟ
ɝɪɟɦɵɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹɜɨɛɳɟɦɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ©ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɵª
ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɰɟɧɨɤɧɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɬɢɩɚɯɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɞɚɟɬ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɚɡɧɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵȼɩɭɛɥɢɰɢ
ɫɬɢɤɟɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɯɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɨɬɪɢɰɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɫɥɨɜɨɦ>ɋ²@ȼɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ
©ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɬɪɟɜɨɝɭɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧ
ɬɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɭɬɟɣɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɛɟɫɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɥɸɞɟɣɪɚɡɧɵɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɨ
ɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦɝɨɪɨɞɟª
>ɋ@ȼɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɦɨɝɭɬɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ©ɨɮɢɫɧɵɣɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧªɢɟɝɨ©ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚª>ɋɫɦɬɚɤɠɟ@ɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ²
©ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɮɢɪɦɵª>ɋ@ɛɢɡɧɟɫɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɢɜɨ
ɨɛɳɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ>ɋɫɦɬɚɤ
ɠɟ@Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɦɚɪɤɢɪɭɟɬɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɢɪɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɢɦɟɫɬɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɦɜɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢ>ɫɦɬɚɤɠɟ@ɉɨɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭɪɹɞɭɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ
ɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɰɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɚɦɢɜɫɟɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɢɥɟɣ
ɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɬɫɹɫɢɯɚɤɫɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ
ȼɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨɫɬɢɥɹɢɦɟɟɬɫɦɵɫɥɪɚɡ
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɟɢɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɟɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɪɨɥɟɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɋɟɦɟɣɧɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɛɨɥɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɹɝɨɬɟɟɬɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɤɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ²
ɧɚɷɬɨɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ
ɜɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɧɚɬɵɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɨɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɞ
ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɢɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ>ɋ²@
ɉɪɢɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɢɞɟɚɥ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ
ɫɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɪɚɜɧɵɦɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟ
ɦɭ>ɋ@ɱɬɨɩɨɅɉɄɪɵɫɢɧɭɦɨɠɧɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶɜɜɢɞɟɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ6 6>ɋ²@
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ6ɜɟɞɟɬ
ɤɪɚɡɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɤɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ66ɱɬɨ
ɜɝɥɚɡɚɯɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ6ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɨɬɤɥɨɧɟ
ɧɢɟɨɬɧɨɪɦɵ©ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɝɪɚɞɭɫɚªɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢȾɚɛɵɜɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɦɭɸɫɢɦɦɟ
ɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ6ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟɫ6
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɭɬɟɲɚɬɶ ɫɪɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɟɦɭ
ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɬɞɂɡɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ²
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ
ɢɱɟɪɟɡɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɛɵɬɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɛɥɸɞɊɭɫɫɤɚɹ
ɯɨɡɹɣɤɚɠɞɭɳɚɹɩɨɯɜɚɥɵɢɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɚɹɟɟ²
ɜɫɢɥɭɥɢɡɚɛɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɝɨɫɬɟɣɢɯɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚɚɧɟɬɨɥɶ
ɤɨɢɡɡɚɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɧɟɜɤɭɫɧɨ²ɦɨɠɟɬɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɚɤɬɢɤɭɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɉɢɪɨɝɢɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ
ɧɟɜɤɭɫɧɵɟȼɚɧɧɚɭɦɟɧɹɝɪɹɡɧɚɹɢɬɞȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫ©Ⱥɩɢɪɨɝɢɤɭɞɚɞɟɥɢ"ȼɵɛɪɨɫɢɥɢ
ɜɱɟɪɚ"ª²©Ɉɬɞɚɥɢɫɨɛɚɤɚɦª©Ⱦɚɜɵɛɪɨɫɢɥɢªɬɚɤ
ɠɟɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɤɪɭɝɭɚɜɬɨɪɚɫɬɚ
ɬɶɢ²ɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤɢ©Ⱦɚɧɟɜɤɭɫɧɵɟª ɨɩɢɪɨɠɤɚɯ ©Ⱦɚɝɪɹɡɧɚɹª ɨɜɚɧɧɟ ²ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɚ
ɦɢɢɜɟɞɭɬɤɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɟɭɞɚɱɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɯɨɡɹɣɤɢɢɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɟɟ
ɤɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣɝɪɭɛɨɫɬɢɊɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ6 6
ɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɌȼɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɨɣ²©ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɥɢɧɢɹª
>@ ɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɧɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɫɜɨɡ
ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ6ɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ6ɢɫɬɨɣɠɟɩɨ
ɩɵɬɤɨɣɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ6©ɜɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶɝɪɚɞɭɫªɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɩɢɫɚɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɧɨɫɩɨɦɨ
ɳɶɸɬɨɣɠɟɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ66ɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ
ɡɞɟɫɶɢɧɨɣɩɟɪɜɵɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɧɟɩɪɢɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɟɛɹ
ɚɜɨɡɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɭɬɟɦɩɨɯɜɚɥɵ
ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɨɛɴɟɤɬ²ɜɧɨɜɶɫɚɦ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɥɢɛɨɟɝɨɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹɟɦɭ
ɜɟɳɶɢɬɩ ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɦɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɦɟ
ɪɵɧɚɬɵɩɪɹɦɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɫɦɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬȾɚɤɚɤɨɣɢɡɦɟɧɹɛɨɬɚɧɢɤ
ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɩɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɷɬɢɯɫɥɭ
ɱɚɹɯɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɢɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɨɣɚɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɜɟɬ
ɬɢɩɚ Ⱦɚɹɛɨɬɚɧɢɤɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɫɹɛɵɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ²
ɤɚɤɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɟɦɚɢɥɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɧɟɭɞɚɱɚ
ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɬɚɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɬɜɟɬɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɤɚɤ
ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢɜɪɹɞɥɢɩɪɢɜɟɞɭɬɤɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɭɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɧɟɛɭɞɭɬ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɤɚɤɥɢɱɧɨɟɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ6
ɫɪɫɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɣɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɯɨɡɹɣ
ɤɢ²ɜɷɬɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɨɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɱɟɦɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɟ ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ©Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɚɹɪɟɱɶɫɤɥɨɧɧɚ
ɤɫɢɧɬɟɡɭɯɨɬɹɢɨɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ©ɥɢɲɧɢɟªɞɨɩɨɥ
ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ«ª>ɋ@ɗɬɢɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ
ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɥɨɝɢɤɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶ
ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɦɢ
ɩɭɫɬɨɫɥɨɜɢɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɞɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɨɣɢɩɪȼɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɷɬɢɯɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɬɢɤɚɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ²ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ
ȼɂȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɫɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɨɣɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢɝɢɩɟɪɬɪɨɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢ
ɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɟɛɹɫɰɟɥɶɸɜɵɡɜɚɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɟɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬ ɥɢɛɨɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɢɧɢɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɣɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɚɱɟ²ɫɚɦɨɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɪɵɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ
ɫɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ Ⱦɚɇɭ ɤɚɤɨɣɤɚɤɚɹ
ɠɟ ɹ« Ⱦɚɇɭ ɤɚɤɨɣɤɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹ«əɦɨɝɭ
ɨɲɢɛɚɬɶɫɹɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɟɦɭ «²ɢɥɢɧɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ
ɫɧɢɦɢ ȿɪɭɧɞɚɑɟɩɭɯɚɢɬɞ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɚɤɬɵɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤ
ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɧɟɫɭɬɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɋɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɫɬɟɪɟɨ
ɬɢɩɚɦɢɧɟɞɚɟɬɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜɜɧɟɤɢɣɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɩɨɥɟ
ɢɥɢɫɮɟɪɭȼɷɬɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣ
ɨɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜɜɫɟɦɶɟ
ɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦɛɵɬɭɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɫɚɦɨ
ɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɚɤɫɢɨɫɮɟɪɭɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɪ©«ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɚɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ©ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɚª
ɜɟɟɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɵɚɬɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɨ
ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɦɢɪɨɦ²©ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹª²ɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɟɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɥɟɠɚɳɢɣɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨª
>ɋ@ɉɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɫɬɶ ©ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣª ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ
©ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɸªɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɬɢɩɨɜɵɯɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɨɪɢɫɨɜɚɂɇɊɭɫɫɤɨɟɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɂɇȻɨɪɢɫɨɜɚ
ɋɘȾɚɧɢɥɨɜɌȼɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚɇɇɊɨɡɚɧɨɜɚɂȼɒɚɥɢɧɚ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝȽɭɦɭɧɬ²ɫ
ȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜȼɂɋɚɦɨɭɦɚɥɟɧɢɟɜɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢȼɂȻɨɪɬɧɢɤɨɜɊɟɱɟɜɵɟɠɚɧɪɵ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɬɟɡɞɨɤɥɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɤɨɧɮ©;,ɒɦɟɥɟɜɫɤɢɟɱɬɟɧɢɹª²ɆɂɊəɊȺɇ²ɋ²
ȼɟɩɪɟɜɚɂɌɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɩɨɪɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɂɌȼɟɩɪɟɜɚɇȺɄɭɩɢɧɚ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɍɪɚɥɮɟɞɟɪɭɧɬ²ɫ
ɂɫɫɟɪɫɈɋɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɪɟɱɢɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɈɋɂɫ
ɫɟɪɫ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ²ɫ
ɂɰɤɨɜɢɱɌȼɊɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɢɥɶɜɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɤɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
Ɍȼɂɰɤɨɜɢɱɀɚɧɪɵɪɟɱɢ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɂɰɤɨɜɢɱɌȼȼɧɭɬɪɢɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ
ɌȼɂɰɤɨɜɢɱɇȺɄɭɩɢɧɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɢɹəɡɵ
ɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ²Ɍ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɄɨɲɦɚɧɨɜɚɈȼɄɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɶªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ
ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɈȼɄɨɲɦɚɧɨɜɚ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ²ɫ
ɄɪɵɫɢɧɅɉɋɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɅɉɄɪɵ
ɫɢɧ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²>@ɫ
ɄɭɩɢɧɚɇȺɈɤɬɹɛɪɶɫɤɚɹɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɲɤɚɥɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚɌȼɉɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɥɢɧɢɢɌȼɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɚɤɬɢ
ɤɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɆɢɯɚɥɶɫɤɚɹȺɄɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɋɨɤɪɚɬɅɟɤɰɢɢɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɫɬɪɢɬɨɪɢɤɟȺɄɆɢɯɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ²Ɇɂɡɞ
ɰɟɧɬɪ©Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹª²>@ɫ
ɉɢɤɭɥɺɜɚɈȺɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɈȺɉɢɤɭɥɺɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɅɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɢɦȺɋɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ
Ɍʋɋ²
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɬɨɦɚɯɝɥɪɟɞȺɉȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɚ²ɆɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²
ɌɢɯɨɧɨɜȺɇɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɯɬɈɤɫɥɨɜȺɇɌɢ
ɯɨɧɨɜ²ɆɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²Ɍ²ɫ
Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɫɥɨɜɨɬɜɪɟɞ
ɇɘɒɜɟɞɨɜɚ²Ɇɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ©Ⱥɡɛɭɤɨɜɧɢɤª²ɫ
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿȼɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɢɯȿȼɏɚɪ
ɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɋɜɹɬɵɧɢɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɍɪɚɥɚɫɛɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ,ɋɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɛɨɪɚɦɚɹɝ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɑȽȺɄɂ²ɋ²
ɋɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɢɥɢɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ"
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿȼɇɨɜɨɟɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɢɟɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɨɜɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɒɤɚ
ɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɢɹɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ²²
Ɍ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿȼɇɨɜɵɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ
²ɋ²
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿȼɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ²²ʋ²ɋ²
ɒɚɥɢɧɚɂȼɄɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɂȼɒɚɥɢɧɚɘȻɉɢɤɭɥɟɜɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝ²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɰɩɨɩɪɨ
ɮɟɫɫɢɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚ²ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɂɡɞɜɨɂɪɤɭɬɭɧɬɚ²ɫ
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɀɢɜɚɹɪɟɱɶɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɫɛɧɚɭɱɬɪ²ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɍɪɚɥɝɨɫɭɧɬ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚ
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²Ɍ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɆɨɞɟɥɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɜɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɅȺɒɤɚ
ɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²Ɍ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɊɟɱɟɜɨɣɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢ
ɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²Ɍ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɄɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬ
ɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚʋ ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬ
ɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺəɡɵɤɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɜɧɟɨɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺəɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɩɪɢɟɦɵɨɛɨɥɶɳɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɩɨ
ɱɬɨɜɵɯɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɎɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɜɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɨɪɝɚ
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²²ʋ
²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺȼɭɡɨɜɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɄɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɉɨɞɪɟɞɋȺɉɢɬɢɧɨɣ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɈɈɈ©ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹª²ɋ²
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
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ȾɂȺɅȿɄɌɂɑȿɋɄȺəȺɄɋɂɈɆȺɌɂɄȺȼɈɇɌɈɅɈȽɂɂəɁɕɄȺ
ȼɗȻɭɞɟɣɤɨ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɅɸɞɦɢɥɵȺɥɟɤ
ɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɵɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɳɚɹɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɪɚɡɪɚɛɨ
ɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɏɏ²;;,ɜɜɈɫɧɨɜɨɣɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɜɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɐɟɥɶ
ɟɺ²ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɜɪɟɱɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢȻɵɬɢɹɤɚɤɅɨɝɨɫɚȺɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɢɚɞɵ ɬɟɡɢɫ²ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɢɫ²ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɟɬɨɞɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɹɡɵɤ
Ɉɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɛɵɥɚɡɚɥɨ
ɠɟɧɚɬɪɭɞɚɦɢɄɋȺɤɫɚɤɨɜɚȼɮɨɧȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɚ
ɨɉɚɜɥɚɎɥɨɪɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɋɟɪɝɢɹȻɭɥɝɚɤɨɜɚ
ȺɎɅɨɫɟɜɚȼȼɄɨɥɟɫɨɜɚȺɆɄɚɦɱɚɬɧɨɜɚ
ɇɚɱɚɥɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣ
ɬɢɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɜȺɮɚɧɚɫɢɹȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɬɚɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ²ɷɬɨ
ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɜɫɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɜɫɟɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɥɨɜɚɢɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɹɢɦɟɧɢɢɢɦɟɧɭɟɦɨɝɨɜɟɪɵɢɠɢɡɧɢɜɟɪɵ
ɢɥɸɛɜɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɪɟɱɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢȻɵɬɢɹɤɚɤɅɨɝɨɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɫɦɵɫɥɭ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɪɟɱɟɦɵɫɥɢª ɀɢɡɧɶɹɡɵɤɚɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɢɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɚɟɫɥɢ
ɧɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɜɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɤɨɧɟɰɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚəɡɵɤɤɚɤɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɡɧɚɤɨɜɫɨɱɟɬɚ
ɟɬɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɷɦ
ɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɯɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɟɛɵ
ɬɢɟɪɟɱɢɇɚɞɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɱɬɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɧɚɱɟ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɧɚɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨȾɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɜɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɞɪɟɜɧɟɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢɨɬɞɪɝɪɱįȚĮȜİࣀIJȚࣀ
IJȑȤȞȘ²ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɫɬɢɛɟɫɟɞɭɫɩɨɪɢɛɨɞɢɚɥɨɝ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɥɫɹɜɟɪɧɵɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɦɨ
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɹȼɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚ²ɷɬɨɬɟɨɪɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɟ
ɳɟɣɜɨɨɛɳɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɜɬɨɠɟɫɚɦɨɟɜɪɟ
ɦɹɢɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɦɨɌɚɤ
ɹɡɵɤɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɤɚɤɢɯɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɫɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɫɜɨɟɝɨɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɞɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɧɹ
ɫɜɨɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɢɜɫɺɬɚɤɢɷɬɨ²ɨɞɢɧɢɬɨɬɠɟɹɡɵɤ
ȼɹɡɵɤɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɮɨɧɟɦɵɡɜɭɤɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɧɟɩɨ
ɯɨɠɢɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɢɬɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɜɫɟɨɧɢɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɨɞɢɧɢɬɨɬɠɟɜɩɨɥɧɟɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɹɡɵɤȼɨɛɳɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɰɟɥɨɝɨɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɨɬɫɚɦɨɝɨ
ɰɟɥɨɝɨɢɬɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɰɟɥɨɟɟɫɬɶɬɨɧɨɜɨɟɤɚɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɜɫɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɟɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɶ
ɧɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬɜɨɛɳɟɣɧɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ²ɷɬɨ
ɭɱɟɧɢɟɨɛɵɬɢɢɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɛɢɯɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɨɞɧɨɣɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɞɪɭɝɭɸ
ɨɛɢɯɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɢɛɨɪɶɛɟȾɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɟɺɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɨɞɧɚɜɞɪɭɝɭɸȿɫɥɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶɬɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɤɨɝɞɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɭɤɚɤ
ɬɟɨɪɢɸɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɬɨɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɧɟɬɨɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɢɞɚɠɟɩɨɞɦɟɧɭɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɫɥɨ
ɜɨ©ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟªɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɪɨɫɬɧɚɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɜɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɭɜɹɞɚɧɢɹɢɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɢɞɚɠɟ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɝɢɛɟɥɢɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɬɨɱɧɟɟɛɭɞɟɬɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɹɬɶɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɭɤɚɤɬɟɨɪɢɸɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɜɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ
ɢɜɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɢɢɜɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɢɜɢɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ
ȼɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɟɫɥɢɜɫɟɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɜɨɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟɨɞɧɚɜɞɪɭɝɭɸɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɩɪɨ
ɫɬɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼɬɪɟɬɶɢɯɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɠɟɞɟ
ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɚɤɢɫɚɦɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɢɬɨɢɞɪɭɝɨɟɫɭɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɜɟɱɧɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɯɨɬɹɢɭɬɨɝɨɢɭɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɟɫɬɶɨɫɨɛɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɮɨɪɦɵɆɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɨɨɫɦɵɫɥɹɟɬɟɺɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɟɺɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɠɟ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɞɥɹɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɩɨɦɟɧɶɲɟɣɦɟɪɟɞɜɟ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣɜɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɗɬɚɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚɜɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɢɚɞɟɨɞɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɬɟɡɢɫ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɚɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɪɢɰɚɸɳɚɹɩɟɪɜɭɸɢɥɢɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɢɫ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɞɜɭɯɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨ
ɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɜɨɛɳɭɸɢɯɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɫɨ
ɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɟ Ɍɚɤɚɹɬɪɢɚɞɚɧɟɟɫɬɶɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɧɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɫɚɦɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ>&²@
Ɍɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɞɚɧɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɹɞɱɢɫɟɥ«
ɂɤɤɚɠɞɨɦɭɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭɱɢɫɥɭɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɚɢɬɚɤ²ɞɨɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢɌɚɤɚɹɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɛɨɟɣ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɨɧɰɚɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɢ²ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɢɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɞɨɛɧɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ
ɫɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ
ɞɥɢɧɨɣɜɨɞɧɭɟɞɢɧɢɰɭBBBBBBɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɟɱ
ɧɵɦɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɦɇɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɛɵɧɢɞɟɥɢɬɶɷɬɨɬɨɬɪɟ
ɡɨɤɥɸɛɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɟɝɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɩɨɩɨɥɚɦ
ɢɬɚɤɞɨɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢɗɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɜɧɚɹɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ>&@
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɊȾɟɤɚɪɬɚFRJLWRHUJRVXP
ɢɡɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɬɢɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɛɵɬɢɹɩɨɬɨɦ²ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɧɨɝɨɛɵɬɢɹɢɩɨɬɨɦ²ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɮɢɡɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɚȺɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɹɡɵɤɜɚɠɟɧɧɟɫɚɦɩɨɫɟɛɟ
ɚɜɚɠɧɵɦɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɬɨɦɵɨɧɺɦɦɵɫɥɢɦ
ɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɧɚɲɚɦɵɫɥɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɲɢɢɞɟɢ ɨɛɷɬɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɢɟɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɟɫɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɚɢɯ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɇɨɟɫɥɢɹɡɵɤɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɧɜɚɠɟɧɫɚɦ
ɩɨɫɟɛɟɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɤɚɤɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɚɧɚɲɚɦɵɫɥɶ
ɨɧɺɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɷɬɨɣɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢəɜɧɨɢɞɪɭ
ɝɨɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɜɧɟɞɭɯɚɧɚɪɨɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɭɲɢɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɛɟɡɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟɦ
ɡɧɚɤɨɜɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɷɦɛɥɟɦɬɪɨɩɨɜɢɬɩɗɬɚɞɭɲɚ
ɷɬɨɬɞɭɯɜɥɢɜɚɹɫɶɞɨɜɨɞɢɬɹɡɵɤɞɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɷɧɟɪ
ɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɡɦɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɈɞɢɧɚɫɩɟɤɬɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɫɨɡɞɚɥɨɫɧɨ
ɜɭɞɥɹɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ©ɦɺɪɬɜɵɟɢɥɢ
ɠɢɜɵɟɹɡɵɤɢªɌɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɜɬɨɪɨɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ ©ɠɢɜɨɣ
ɹɡɵɤɹɡɵɤɛɵɬɢɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɣɹɡɵɤª ɛɵɥɧɟɩɨ
ɧɹɬɯɨɬɹɫɚɦɨɟɜɚɠɧɨɟɜɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ²ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɇɨɧɚɲɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɯɨɬɹ
ɜɫɺɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɱɬɨɨɧɨ
ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧɨɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɛɵɬɢɹȻɵɬɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɝɞɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɪɝɪɱ੭Ȟɫɭ
ɳɟɟ!ɪɨɞɩȞIJɨȢȜȩȖɨȢɭɱɟɧɢɟ>ɋ@ɋɬɭɩɟɧɢ
ɜɨɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɭɱɟɧɢɸȺɎɅɨɫɟɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɦɹ²ɦɢɮ²ɫɢɦ
ɜɨɥ²ɩɧɟɜɦɚ²ɷɣɞɨɫ²ɧɟɫɭɳɟɟ²ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɦɵɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɹɡɵɤɚɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɟɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɛɟɡɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɧɟɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɢɛɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟ
ɧɢɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɨɣɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɞɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɞɨɲɥɚ
ɨɞɧɚɤɨɫɜɹɡɶɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɢɦɧɨ
ɠɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɬɟɨɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɫɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɧɚɫɤɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸɱɬɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɬɨɧɤɨɧɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɨɩɨɫ
ɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦɛɵɬɢɟɦɷɬɧɨɫɨɜ
ɗɬɨɬɚɫɩɟɤɬɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɫɹɨɛɳɟɣɷɬɧɨɚɧɬɪɨ
ɩɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ
Ɇɵɫɥɢɬɶɹɡɵɤ²ɷɬɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɟɝɨɨɬɜɫɟɝɨ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɟɝɨɫɨɜɫɟɦ
ɩɪɨɱɢɦɱɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɈɬɫɸɞɚɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɫɨɰɢɨ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɷɬɧɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɢɬɞɆɵɫɥɢɬɶ
ɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɧɚɷɬɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨ
ɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɟɬɨɞɤɚɤɭɦɟɧɢɟɨɬɵ
ɫɤɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɜɠɢɡɧɢ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɉɨɱɟɦɭɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɭɩɚɞɨɤɢɝɢɛɟɥɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜ"ɉɨɱɟɦɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɭɩɚɞɨɤɢɝɢɛɟɥɶɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɜ;;,ɜɭɦɢɪɚɸɬɞɟɫɹɬɤɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ
ɟɫɬɶɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ"ɗɬɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɨ
ɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɹɡɵɤ
Ɇɵɫɥɢɬɶɨɹɡɵɤɟ²ɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɨɫɧɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɝɢɛɟɥɢ
ɹɡɵɤɚɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɵɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦɢɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɥɹɟɺɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɢɛɟɥɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɢɥɭ
ɝɢɛɟɥɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɉɪɢɱɢɧɚɝɢɛɟɥɢɧɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢɢɷɬɧɨɰɢɞɟ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɝɟɧɨɰɢɞɟɜɫɟɩɪɨɱɢɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɈɞɧɨɣɢɡɨɛɳɢɯɩɪɢɱɢɧ
ɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹɢɩɨɛɟɠɞɚɬɶɜɧɟ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣɛɨɪɶɛɟɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɢɹɜɧɵɦɢɢɧɟɹɜɧɵɦɢ
ɜɪɚɝɚɦɢ
ɇɨɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɜɟɥɨɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ©ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɢª
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɈɞɧɚɤɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɧɚɭɤɢ²ɷɬɨɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɬɫɥɟɩɨɬɵ
ɢɪɚɛɫɬɜɚɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɟɣɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ²ɷɬɨɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢɢɧɟɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɦɞɪɟɜɧɟɟDV\OXPLJQRUDQWLDH²ɭɛɟɠɢ
ɳɟɧɟɜɟɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɺɦɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɤɫɢɨɦ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɯɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɫɭɳɟɦɫɭɳɟɫ
ɥɨɜɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɨɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɯɜɫɜɨɺɦɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɦɟɧɬɵɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ
əɡɵɤɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɟɝɨ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɟɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɧɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɬɟɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ
ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɗɬɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɢɡ
ɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɢɄɚɪɬɢɧɚɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɬɚɤɨɜɚɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɛɟɡ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɚɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ
ɛɟɡɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢɊɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɹɡɵɤɜɤɥɸɱɺɧ
ɧɵɣɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɛɵɬɢɹɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬ
ɫɹɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɛɵɬɢɹɢɛɨɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣɛɵɬɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹɮɨɪɦɚ
əɡɵɤɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɨɤɨɹ ɩɨɫɭɳɧɨ
ɫɬɢɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɜɹɡɵɤɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɞɚɠɟɟɫɥɢɩɪɨɣɞɺɬɦɢɥɥɢ
ɨɧɥɟɬɢɟɝɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɢɡɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɣɞɺɬɜɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ
ɨɞɧɚɤɨɷɬɨɛɭɞɟɬɜɫɺɬɨɬɠɟɹɡɵɤɩɨɫɜɨɟɣɚɧɬɪɨ
ɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɋɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɩɚɧɫɢɧ
ɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɹɡɵɤɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ©ɦɺɪɬɜɵɦª
ɢɥɢ©ɠɢɜɵɦªəɜɥɹɹɫɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɭɯɚɹɡɵɤɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɭɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɟ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȼɷɬɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɟɩɪɚɜɵɬɟɤɬɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ
ɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɟɬɤɢɤɨɨɪ
ɞɢɧɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɟɥɢɬɹɡɵɤ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɧɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ
ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɹɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɵɹɡɵɤɚ²ɦɺɪɬɜɵɦɢ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©ɦɺɪɬɜɵɣ²ɞɪɟɜɧɢɣɫɬɚɪɵɣɚɠɢ
ɜɨɣ²ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɧɨɜɵɣɹɡɵɤªɗɬɨɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ
ɢɫɤɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɸɹɡɵɤɚ
ȼɗȻɭɞɟɣɤɨ
Ɍɚɤɭɸɫɟɬɤɭɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɝɢɩɨ
ɫɬɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɢɡɚ
ɰɢɟɣɪɟɥɹɬɢɜɢɡɦɚ Ɍɚɤɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɱɬɨɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜ9ɜɞɨɧɷɧɟɬɨɬɠɟɫɚɦɵɣ
ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɛɵɥɨɧɜ;9,ɜɧɷ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɨɮɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ
ɢɛɨɫɨɮɢɫɬɧɟɬɨɬɤɬɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɤɨɹɜɹɡɵɤɟɚɬɨɬɤɬɨ
ɷɬɭɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬȼɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɚɦɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦɩɨɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɭɜɫɹɤɚɹɜɟɳɶ ɜɫɚɦɨɦɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɜɷɬɨɦɦɢɪɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɜɫɺɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɫɢɥɭ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɢɟɝɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ
ɜɵɯɮɨɪɦɢɮɨɪɦɵɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɢɜɫɺɜɪɟɦɹɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɬɨɣɠɟɩɨɤɚɨɧɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɢɩɨɤɨɣ
ɢɥɢɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɫɜɨɺɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ
ɬɨɹɡɵɤɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɤɨɹ
ɂɡɦɟɧɹɹɫɶɹɡɵɤɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɜɫɺɬɟɦɠɟɜɫɜɨɟɣɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɞɧɚɤɨɟɝɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɜɟɞɺɬɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɤɪɚɡɥɢɱɟ
ɧɢɸ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣɢɦɵɫɥɢɦɵɣɹɡɵɤɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɢɜɫɸɞɭɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɚɦɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ
ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɜɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦɩɨɤɨɟ>ɋ@
ɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɹɡɵɤɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɬɨɝɨɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɚɤɹɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɫɜɨɟɣɫɭɳ
ɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɜɨɟɣɜɡɚɢɦɨɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɦɭɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɭɩɪɨ
ɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ²ɷɬɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɢɩɨɤɨɣɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ
ɢɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɢɯɚɨɫɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɞɟɡɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ
ɰɢɹɑɚɫɬɶɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɰɟɥɨɝɨɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɢɧɵ
ɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɰɟɥɨɝɨɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬɜɨɞɧɨɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ
ɧɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɢɧɟɪɭɲɢɦɨɦɛɟɡɱɟɝɨɢɜɫɹɤɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɰɟɥɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɺɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɱɚɫɬɶɰɟɥɨɝɨəɡɵɤɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɧɟɢɡɩɪɚ
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɭɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɢɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚɹɫɧɨɫɬɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɫɬɢɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɰɟɥɵɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɦɵɫɥɢɬɶɜɫɟɟɝɨ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɥɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɚɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɹɡɵɤɜɡɹɬɵɣ
ɜɰɟɥɨɦɬɨɠɟɟɫɬɶɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɜɫɟɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɪɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ
ȼɮɨɧȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɚ ɚɭɠɟɩɨɬɨɦɢɜɫɟɷɬɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɰɟɥɨɝɨ
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɦɩ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɂɷɬɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟ>ɋ@ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪ
ɧɨɫɬɹɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɭɬɶɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚɫɚɦɵɯ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɡɚɤɨɧɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɈɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɡɵɤɚ
ɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɟɫɬɶɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɜɟɳɶ ɞɚɠɟɫɚɦɚɹɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɧɚɹ ɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɰɟɥɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɚɹɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɚɹɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɞɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ
ɰɟɥɟɣɈɛɪɚɳɚɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɰɟɥɟɜɭɸ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɵ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɩɨɤɨ
ɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶɜɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɺɬɟɦɠɟ ɬɟɩɪɟɛɵ
ɜɚɹɜɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦɩɨɤɨɟɹɡɵɤɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɶ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɟɝɨɪɟɚɥɶ
ɧɚɹɢɜɵɫɲɚɹɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹɩɨɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɱɬɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬ©ɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯªɢɬɩ
əɡɵɤɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹɤɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚ
ɧɢɸɢɫɱɚɫɬɶɸɉɪɢɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬɵ ɫɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟFRQFHSWXP!FRQFHSWDɤɚɤ©ɡɺɪ
ɧɚɫɦɵɫɥɚªFRQFHSWXV!FRQFHSWLɤɚɤ©ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹª ɜɫɚɦɵɯɜɚɠɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɢɫɶɜɹɡɵɤɟɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɛɵɬɢɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɫɬɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɞɚɫɥɨɜɨɜɟɪɚɥɸɛɨɜɶ
ɩɢɫɶɦɨɞɭɲɚɫɨɜɟɫɬɶɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɶɝɪɟɯ
ɹɡɵɤ >ɋ@Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɛɟɡɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɬɢɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɯɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɈɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
ɨɬɨɲɢɛɤɢɨɬɝɪɟɯɚ ɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɨɜɟɪ
ɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɭɩɚɞɤɚ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹɢɛɟɞɵ
ɝɨɪɹ ɗɬɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɚɜɤɚɠɞɵɣɭɫ
ɥɨɜɧɵɣɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɩɨɦɧɢɬɶɨɫɜɨɺɦɜɟɥɢɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɜɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢɨɛɳɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɱɚɫɬɶɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɨɛ
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɞɟɚɥɚɤɨɝɞɚɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɜɫɟɯ ɜɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɹɡɵɤɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɹɜɥɟɧɵɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɭ ɢɥɢɯɚɨɫɭ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɨɣ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɛɭɞɟɬɫɦɟɪɬɶɹɡɵɤɚ ȼɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦɠɟɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɞɨɛɪɚɫɨɡɥɨɦɩɪɚɜɞɵɫɥɨɠɶɸ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɯɚɨɫɨɦɠɢɡɧɢɫɨɫɦɟɪɬɶɸɫɨɫɪɟɞɨ
ɬɨɱɟɧɚɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɢɞɟɢ
ɎɆȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɂɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɹɡɵɤɟɜɫɺ
ɦɵɫɥɢɦɨɟɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɟɫɬɶɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɪɶ
ɛɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼɫɹɤɢɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɦɵɫɥɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɜɫɹɤɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɮɨɪɦɵɢɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɬɚɤɢɛɨɪɶɛɨɣɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɚɤɛɟɡɞɟ
ɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɜɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɠɢɡɧɢɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɚɤɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɜɨɞɧɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɫɜɨɟɝɨɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɚɜɢɧɵɯ²ɫɜɨɟɝɨɨɬ
ɪɢɰɚɧɢɹɬɟɛɨɪɶɛɵɫɧɢɦɢ
Ɍɚɤɨɜɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɫɜɨɺɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɗɬɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɟɫɬɶ
ɧɚɢɫɥɨɠɧɟɣɲɟɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫɢɬɨɝɞɚɦɵɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟ
ɧɢɟɨɧɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɦɨɦɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɢɨɛɳɢɯ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ ɝɞɟɛɨɪɶɛɚ
ɟɫɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɚɫɬɧɨɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɝɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɗɬɨɬɡɚɤɨɧɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɛɨɪɶɛɵɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɣɫɢɥɨɣɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨɛɵɥɨɪɚɧɟɟɹɡɵɤɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɨɩɪɢ
ɜɫɟɯɫɜɨɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɜɨɟɣ
ɬɟɦɠɟɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɫɢɥɭɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ
ɝɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɫɢɥɭɜɟɱɧɨɣɦɧɨɝɨɜɟɤɨɜɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚɢɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ
©ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɤɨɹª>ɋ@ɂɡɱɟɝɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɱɬɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɪɶɛɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɚɤɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɛɨɪɶɛɵɩɨɥɧɨɥɸɛɵɯɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼɹɡɵɤɟɷɬɢɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɞɚɸɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɞɨɥɟɣɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɛɭɞɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɢɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɧɵɧɟɨɛɴɹɫ
ɧɢɦɵɯɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɜɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɚɦɢɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɪɶɛɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɨɡɞɚ
ɸɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɡɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬɧɨɜɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɧɨɜɵɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɬɟɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɨɢɛɨɤɚɠɞɵɣ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɚɤɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɭɞɶɛɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɡɵ
ɤɚɗɬɨɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɨɨɬɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɨɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɟɣɤɚɤɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɛɪɚɢɡɥɚɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚɢɝɪɟɯɚɞɨ
ɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɬɶɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɧɚɤɚɤɨɦ
ɥɢɛɨɹɡɵɤɟɜɫɹɤɭɸɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɩɨɥɨɭ
ɦɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɬɚɤɨɜɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɫɥɨɜɫɤɨɪɧɟɦɞɨɛɪ
ɫɥɟɤɫɟɦ ;,²;9,,ɜɜ ɞɨɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɏɏɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɨɛɳɢɣ
ɜɵɛɨɪɫɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɦɡɥɭɜɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɢɞɨɛɪɚ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɵɨɫɨɡɧɚɺɦɩɪɢɡɧɚɺɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɱɬɨ
ɬɚɤɨɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɢɢɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɦɟɪɬɶɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ
ɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ȼɗȻɭɞɟɣɤɨ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɛɵɬɢɹɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɬɟɜɜɢɞɟɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɢɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧ
ɧɵɯɢɞɚɠɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɄɨɧɟɱɧɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɝɢɛɟɥɶɧɚ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɟɥɶɡɹɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɬɶɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢ
ɤɨɣɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɞɭ
ɯɨɜɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɛɟɞɨɣɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɟɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɟɣɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɞɪɭɝɢɦ
Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɢɫɬɢɧɚɤɚɤɢɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹɫɜɨ
ɛɨɞɚ ɨɬɨɲɢɛɤɢɨɬɝɪɟɯɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɟɫɬɶɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɡɚɤɨɧɞɥɹɜɫɹɤɨɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɜɨɸɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɭɸɡɚɞɚɱɭɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɝɨɢɨɛɳɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɞɵɢɢɫɬɢɧɵɇɚɲɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɨɦɢɪɟɨɹɡɵɤɟɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɧɨɷɬɨɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɬɢɧɵɦɢɪɚɢɹɡɵɤɚɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɜɨɺɜɚɧɧɵɯɝɪɚɧɢɰɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɩɪɢ
ɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɢɯɧɚɫɤɷɬɨɣɢɫɬɢɧɟɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɫɨ
ɦɧɟɧɢɸɋɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɨɬɨɲɢɛɤɢɨɬɝɪɟɯɚ ɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɚ
ɱɟɫɬɜɪɟɱɢɢɫɨɛɨɪɧɨɦɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ²ɪɚɞɢɫɨɡɞɚ
ɧɢɹɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɟɫɬɶɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɞɭɯɨɜ
ɧɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɬɚɤɨɣɪɟɱɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ
ɫɹɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹɤɭɪɨɜɧɸ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɛɨɝɨɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɩɪɨ
ɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɦɧɨɝɢɯɜɟɤɨɜɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɪɟɜɧɟɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɢɣɞɥɹɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɣɞɥɹɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɣɫɟɦɶɢ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɣɞɥɹɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɯɧɚ
ɪɨɞɨɜɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɥɹɷɥɥɢɧɨɜ ɝɪɟɤɨɜ ɢɬɩɹɡɵɤɢ >@ɋɱɚɫɬɶɟɟɫɬɶɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɚ
ɦɨɦɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɹɞɪɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɛɹɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ²ɱɟɪɟɡɥɸɛɨɜɶɢɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɺɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨɱɪɟɡɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸɬɪɚɧɫɦɭɬɚɰɢɸɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɷɬɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɟɪɟɡɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ
ɧɨɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɛɦɟɧɚ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɭɱɢɬɟ
ɥɟɦɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɡɧɚɧɢɹɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɢɬɪɚɧɫɦɭɬɚ
ɰɢɸɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɟɦɬɜɨɪɰɨɦ
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦɭɱɺɧɵɦɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ >ɋ@
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɭɞɟɣɤɨȼɗɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɞɥɹɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ
ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ²²Ɍ,²,,
ȾɚɧɢɥɟɧɤɨȼɉɆɟɬɨɞɵɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɤɭɪɫɥɟɤɰɢɣȼɚɥɟɪɢɣɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱȾɚɧɢɥɟɧ
ɤɨ²ɆɎɥɢɧɬɚɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȾɨɛɪɨɯɨɬɨɜȺɅɈɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɎɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɊɟɞɤɨɥɋɋȺɜɟɪɢɧɰɟɜ
ɗȺȺɪɚɛɈɝɥɵɅɎɂɥɶɢɱɺɜɢɞɪ²ɟɢɡɞ²Ɇɋɨɜɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ²ɫ
ɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɭɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ²ɆɎɥɢɧɬɚɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ɄɨɥɟɫɨɜȼȼȾɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɚɹɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɇɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɜɫɥɨɜɟɋɥɨɜɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɇȼɄɨɥɟɫɨɜɚ
ɈɬɜɪɟɞɈȺɉɥɚɬɨɧɨɜ²Ɇɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ²ɫ
ɄɨɥɟɫɨɜȼȼɊɟɚɥɢɡɦɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɢɡɦɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɹɡɵɤɚ²ɋɉɛ/RJRV²ɫ
ɄɨɥɟɫɨɜȼȼɎɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱɄɨɥɟɫɨɜ²ɋɉɛɘɇȺ²
ɫ
ɅɨɫɟɜȺɎȾɟɪɡɚɧɢɟɞɭɯɚȺɥɟɤɫɟɣɎɺɞɨɪɨɜɢɱɅɨɫɟɜ²Ɇɉɨɥɢɬɢɡɞɚɬ²ɫ
ɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤȿȼȻɭɞɟɣɤɨȼɗəɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞȼɟɫɬɧ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɝɨɫɭɧɬɚɋɟɪɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢ²²ʋ ȼɵɩ²ɋ²
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɧɨɦɚɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɥɢɰɩɨɩɪɨ
ɮɟɫɫɢɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ ²ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɂɡɞɜɨɂɪɤɭɬɭɧɬɚ²ɫ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
Ȼɭɞɟɣɤɨȼɚɥɟɪɢɣɗɞɭɚɪɞɨɜɢɱ²ɤɮɢɥɨɥɧɞɨɰɟɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ɆȿɌɈɇɂɆɂəȼɋɎȿɊȿɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃɇɈɆɂɇȺɐɂɂ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ©ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɢɞɚɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚª
ɎɨɧɞɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɑɟɥȽɍ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɸɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɊɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɨɛɳɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɈɫɨɛɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɧɚɷɩɢ
ɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɹɡɹɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹ
ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɠɚɪɝɨɧɢɡɦɷɩɢɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ
Ɇɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ²ɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɟɧɨɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ
ɉɨɞɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɟɣɜɫɥɟɞɡɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɜɟ
ɞɟɧɧɵɦɜ©Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟªɛɭɞɟɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɹɡɵɤɚɢɪɟɱɢ
©ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɢɥɢɨɤɤɚɡɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟɢɦɟɧɢɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɢɥɢɟɞɢ
ɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɥɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɦɵɣɫɞɚɧɧɵɦɩɨɫɦɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɞɧɭɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸª
>ɋ@
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɜɹɡɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦȼɫɜɨɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
ɦɵɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɪɚɧɟɟɱɬɨɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɥɟɠɢɬɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɩɟɪɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɨɟɫɬɶ
ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɧɟɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɦɵɫɥɢɢɡɨɞɧɨɣɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɪɭɛɪɢɤɢɜɞɪɭɝɭɸ
ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟɫɦ>@ ɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɧɚɬɚɤɢɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
ɤɚɤɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ>
@Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɜɨɪɛɢɬɭɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜ
ɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɢɢɦɟɬɶɜɜɢɞɭɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜ
ɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɞɥɹɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨ
ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɨɫɧɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɬɨɟɫɬɶɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɤɨɪ
ɩɭɫɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɨɜɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɢɡɦɨɜɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɡɞɟɫɶɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɳɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɟɧɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɟɫɬɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɢɥɢɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɫɮɟɪɟ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɪɟɝɭ
ɥɹɪɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɜɫɥɚɛɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɢɥɢɫɨɜɫɟɦɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɨɛɳɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɟɄɚɤɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ
ɜɨɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɈɗɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ©ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɤɚɠɞɚɹ
ɫɮɟɪɚɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɢɩɵ
ɢɜɢɞɵɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢª>ɋ@Ⱦɥɹɧɚɫɷɬɨɨɡɧɚ
ɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɦɟ
ɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ
Ʉɱɢɫɥɭɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɦɟɬɨ
ɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ªɇɚɲɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɞɜɟ
ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɷɬɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢ
Ⱥɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬɜɫɜɨɟɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɟ²ɤɚɤɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟ
ɦɵɯɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɢɥɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜ
ɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɰɟɥɨɝɨɫɜɹɡɤɚɜɤɥɟɣɤɚɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɤɚ
ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚɜɵɪɭɛɤɚɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɚɩɨɞɛɨɪɤɚɩɨɞɜɨɞɤɚ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɤɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɚɢɩɨɞ
Ɇɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ
Ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɜɜɢɞɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɚɠ
ɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɫɪɟɞɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɚɨɤɨɜɤɚɡɚɤɚɬɤɚɡɚɫɜɟɬ
ɤɚɡɚɳɢɩɧɚɱɟɫɩɨɞɬɹɠɤɚɪɚɡɠɢɜɤɚɛɥɢɤɨɜɤɚ
ɢɬɩ
ȼɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɨɛɚɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɨɝɭɬɫɨ
ɜɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹɨɞɧɚɢɬɚɠɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɢɦɟɸ
ɳɚɹɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟªɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɤɚɤɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢɥɢɤɚɤɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤ
ɬɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɜɟɪɫɬɤɚ²ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɟɪɫɬɤɚ²ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɟɪɫɬɤɚ²ɫɚɦɬɟɤɫɬ
ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɢɥɢɛɭ
ɦɚɠɧɨɦ ȼɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɬɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɤɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɬɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɤɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣɢɞɚɥɟɟ²ɤɤɚ
ɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɌɚɤɜɩɨɞɧɨɫ
ɧɨɦɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɟɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɟɥɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ²
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɜɨɞɧɨɰɟɥɨɟ ɢɩɪɢɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ²ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɫɥɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɨɫ
ɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɧɚɛɪɨɫɤɚɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ȼɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜɪɟɡɶɛɵɩɨɞɟɪɟɜɭɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ
ɩɨɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɜɵɟɦɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɦɩɪɨɬɨɱɤɚ²ɩɨɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɦɭɫɩɨɫɨɛɭɟɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɚɢɧɨ
ɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɄɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɜɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɦɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɩɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ²ɷɬɨ ɫɨɡ
ɞɚɧɢɟɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɩɭɬɟɦɧɚɤɥɟɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɧɚɲɢɜɤɢ
ɪɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯɤɭɫɨɱɤɨɜɬɤɚɧɢɢɥɢɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢɡ
ɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟ
ȼɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɦɟɛɟɥɢɢɧɤɪɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ² ɧɚɧɟ
ɫɟɧɢɟɭɡɨɪɨɜɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜɢɡɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɞɥɹ
ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɢɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹɭɡɨɪɵ
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹªɗɬɚ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɟɫɶɦɚɲɢ
ɪɨɤɨɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɚɜɭɫɬɧɨɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɹɝɚɡɚɩɨɪɡɚɝɪɟɛɤɚɡɚɤɪɭɬɤɚɡɚ
ɤɨɥɤɚɪɚɡɥɸɤɨɜɤɚɩɟɪɟɬɨɤɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɚɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜ
ɫɭɲɤɚɫɥɢɜɢɬɞ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶɤɚɤ
ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɜɜɢɞɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢɢɞɪ ɪɚɡɥɸɤɨɜɤɚ²ɡɚɠɢɦɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ
ɞɥɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɥɸɤɨɜɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɚ²
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɧɨɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɬɚɤɢɫɥɨɠɧɵɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɢɥɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɞɡɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɜɪɟɱɢɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɱɚɫɨɜ ɫɭɲɤɚ ɜɪɟɱɢɩɚɪɢɤɦɚɯɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɣɤɚɪɚɡɦɨɥɪɚɫɫɟɜɢɬɞ ɜɪɟɱɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ
ɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ȼɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɷɬɨɣɦɨ
ɞɟɥɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɨɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɚɫɬɹɠɤɚɜɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɩɨɥɢɰɢɢɢɫɩɟɰɫɥɭɠɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɤɚɨɬɫɟɱɤɚɢɞɪ>@
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹªȾɚɧɧɚɹ
ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɛɥɢɡɤɚɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣɜɵɲɟ
ɟɟɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɨɦɜɬɨ
ɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɜɹɡɤɭɸɫɵɩɭɱɭɸɢɥɢɠɢɞɤɭɸ
ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɸɫɦɚɡɤɚɫɦɵɜɤɚɡɚɤɜɚɫɤɚɡɚɦɚɡɤɚ
ɩɪɢɫɵɩɤɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɦɵɜɤɨɣɜɪɟɱɢɩɚɪɢɤɦɚɯɟ
ɪɨɜɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɧɵɣɞɥɹɜɵɦɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ
ɜɜɨɥɨɫɚɯɇɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɬɟɠɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ɍɚɤɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɜɢɡɚɠɢɫɬɨɜɫɥɨɜɨɦ
ɦɚɤɢɹɠɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɝɪɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɥɢɰɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɢɫɚɦɢɷɬɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɪɚɫɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɬɜɟɪɞɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɬɤɚɧɢ
ɤɨɠɢɢɥɢɦɟɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɬɨɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɮɪɚɝ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹɰɟɥɨɟɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɨɛɤɥɚɞɤɚɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɚɨɛɢɜɤɚ
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺɦɟɫɬɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹªȼɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɬɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɶɸɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡ
ɞɚɱɚɨɛɜɚɥɤɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɪɚɫɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɚɢɬɩ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɨɛɜɚɥɤɚ² ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɹɫɚɨɬɤɨ
ɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤɧɚɦɹɫɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɟɝɞɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɢɬɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɹɫɚɨɬɤɨɫɬɟɣ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ² ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɬɨɜɚɪɚɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɭɸɬɚɪɭ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢɹɳɢɤɢɢɬɩ ɞɥɹɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɝɞɟɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɬɨɜɚɪ
ɞɥɹɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ
ɪɚɫɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɚ² ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ
ɩɨɜɢɞɚɦɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɝɞɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɩɨɜɢɞɚɦɪɚɛɨɬ
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺɨɛɴɟɤɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹªȾɚɧɧɚɹɦɨ
ɞɟɥɶɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɟɬɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɉɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɪɟ
ɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɷɬɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɪɚ
ɛɨɱɢɯɢɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɜɭɫ
ɥɨɜɢɹɯɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɪɨɛɚ² ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟɝɨɪɧɨɣɩɨɪɨɞɵɢɥɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɨɬɟɦɢɥɢɢɧɵɦɩɚɪɚɦɟ
ɬɪɚɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɬɩ ɱɚɫɬɶɝɨɪɧɨɣɩɨɪɨɞɵɢɥɢ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɜɡɹɬɚɹɧɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ
ȼɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɜɨɟɧ
ɧɵɯɢɜɨɟɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɬɚɤɠɟɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɷɬɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɤɚ²ɜɢɞɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɦɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣɢɥɢɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɫɢɥɨɜɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɛɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɰɟɥɶɸɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɪɟɠɢɦɚɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɥɢɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɣɬɚɣɧɵ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɤɚɨɧɟɪɚɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ
ɨɧɟɜɵɟɡɞɟɨɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ȼɪɟɱɢɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ
ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɟ
ɫɭɸɳɢɣɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɛɴɟɤɬ>ɋ@ȼɪɟɱɢ
ɤɢɧɨɥɨɝɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɚ²
©ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɞɥɹɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɧɨɪɧɵɯɫɨɛɚɤɹɳɢɤª>@
ɉɨɦɢɦɨɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɪɚɡ
ɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɷɬɨɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɵɦɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɟɡɨɬɜɚɥɤɚ² ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɩɨɱɜɵɛɟɡ
ɨɬɜɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɡɟɦɥɹɜɫɩɚɯɚɧɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɬ
ɜɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɛɟɫɤɨɧɜɨɣɤɚ² ɛɟɫɤɨɧɜɨɣ
ɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɛɟɫɤɨɧɜɨɣɧɨɟɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɷɬɨɦɭɠɟɬɢɩɭɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ
ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɪɭɡɞɜɟɫɬɢɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɬɪɭɩɵɭɛɢɬɵɯª>ɋ@ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɷɬɨɝɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ²ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚɬɟɥɚ
ɩɨɝɢɛɲɟɝɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɝɨɤɦɟɫɬɭ
ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɹɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɣ
ɧɟɪɟ>@
©ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟĺ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚɡɚɫɵɩɤɚɦɚɫɫɨɜɤɚɩɪɨ
ɬɨɱɤɚɢɬɞɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ² ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɰɟɥɶɸ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɥɢɰɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥ
ɧɟɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɤɚ² ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯɫɰɟɧɜɤɢ
ɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɟɢɥɢɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɫɰɟɧ
ɡɚɫɵɩɤɚ² ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɧ
ɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜɫɵɩɭɱɢɦɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ
ɬɟɥɢɷɬɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɪɚɛɨɬ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɤɚ² ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢ
ɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɧɨɦɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢɰɟɯɚ
ɩɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ>@
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ² ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟɚɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɦɝɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢɨɬɞɟ
ɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɢɡɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢ
ɪɭɸɬɨɫɨɛɭɸɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢɦɟɧɚɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɪɟɮɟ
ɪɟɧɰɢɢɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɜɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɟɠɢɬɤɨɝ
ɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɟɝɨɚɤɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ
ɢɫɢɪɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ>ɋɋ@
Ʉɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵɜɭɫɬɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɩɪɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɌɚɤɢɟɧɚɡɜɚ
ɧɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɦɭɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ²ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɭɢɥɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɭ
©ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ĺ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɉɪɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɳɢɟȼɵɛɨɪɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɤɚɤɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɫɜɹɡɹɦɢɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢɬɚɤɢɬɢɩɢɱɧɵ
ɦɢɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦɢɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɜȼɪɹɞɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɜɵ
ɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟɢɦɟɧɚɜɪɟɱɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚɬɚɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɮɚɡɚɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɚɥɨɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɵɦɞɥɹ
ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚɜɫɪɟɞɟɫɬɪɨɢ
ɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɚɡɚ²ɞɟɠɭɪɧɵɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɢɦɨ
ɪɹɤɨɜ ɮɚɡɚ²ɤɨɪɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤ>ɋ@ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵɜɧɚɲɟɣɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɟɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɨɫɶɫɥɨ
ɜɨɦɚɡɭɬɤɚɤɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɦɚɬɪɨɫɨɜɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯɜɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɦ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ>ɋ@ɢɲɨɮɟɪɨɜɜɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɨɦ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ>@ɂɜɬɨɦɢɜɞɪɭɝɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɡɭɬ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɧɨɢɜɫɢɥɭ
ɫɜɨɢɯɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣɡɚɩɚɯ
ɢɰɜɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɡɧɚɤɨɦɞɥɹɢɯ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɭɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚ
ɥɨɜɦɨɬɨɪ²ɦɨɬɨɪɢɫɬɫɭɞɧɚ>ɋ @ɭɬɢɥɶ²
ɪɵɛɚɤɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɪɵɛɨɦɭɱɧɭɸɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɧɟɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸɫɨɪɧɭɸ
ɪɵɛɭɨɬɯɨɞɵɩɨɫɥɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɷɬɨɣɪɵɛɵɢɬɩ
>ɋ@ ɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɪɟɡɭɥɶ
Ɇɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ
ɬɚɬɵɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɦɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɧɚɦɟɯɚ
ɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɢɡɚɬɟɦɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɟɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ²ɪɚɛɨ
ɱɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɲɚɯɬɟɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ²ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɢɤɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɜɟɧɬɢ
ɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɚɡɚɜɨɞɟ©ɋɟɜɦɚɲª ɫɬɜɨɥɵ ɭɫɬɚɪ ²
ɚɪɬɢɥɥɟɪɢɫɬɵ>ɋ@
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɩɨ
ɫɥɭɠɢɥɨɦɨɬɢɜɚɬɨɪɨɦɜɝɪɭɩɩɟɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɯɧɚɢ
ɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣɩɨɦɚɡɨɤ²ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɤɪɢɦɢɧɚ
ɥɢɫɬɫɜɢɫɬɨɤ²ɜɡɪɵɜɧɢɤɧɚɲɚɯɬɟɫɜɢɫɬɨɤ²
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣɫɭɞɶɹɠɟɡɥɵ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢȽɂȻȾȾ
ȼɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɥɸɞɟɣɢɦɟɧɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚ
ɸɬɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɨɬ
ɞɟɥɚɝɢɝɢɟɧɵɞɟɬɟɣɢɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɜɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤɢ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɡɵɫɤɚ ɜɠɚɪɝɨɧɟɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɤɚ
ɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɜɫɪɟɞɟ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɱɟɦɨ
ɞɚɧ²ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɬɟɯɧɢɤɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɢɫɬ ɠɚɪɝɨɧɩɨ
ɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ>ɋ@ ɞɭɫɬ²ɨɮɢɰɟɪɜɨɡɝɥɚɜ
ɥɹɸɳɢɣɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɥɭɠɛɭɧɚɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧ>@ ɯɥɨɪɤɚ²ɫɥɭɠɚɳɚɹɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɥɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɚɹɡɚɯɢɦɜɨɞɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ>ɋ@
ɩɨɪɬɭɩɟɹ²ɨɮɢɰɟɪɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɥ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧ>ɋ@ ɭɲɢ²ɫɜɹɡɢɫɬɵ ɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɢɣ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧ>@ ɫɚɩɨɝ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɩɨɥɢɰɢɢɩɪɢɲɟɞ
ɲɢɣɢɡɚɪɦɢɢɢɧɨɝɞɚɢɡɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɧɬɪɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ
ɢɥɢɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ©Ⱥɥɶɮɚª ɠɚɪɝɨɧɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ
>ɋ@ ɩɢɞɠɚɤ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɫɢɥɨɜɵɯɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɧɟɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ
ɧɟɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɢɣɜɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɥɚɯ>ɋ@
©ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ĺɦɟɫɬɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɆɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟ
ɧɨɫɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɦɟɫɬɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ
ɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯɢɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɛɪɨɣɥɟɪ²ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟɞɥɹɜɵ
ɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹɛɪɨɣɥɟɪɧɵɯɰɵɩɥɹɬ ɛɪɨɣɥɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɬɨɪ²ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣɧɚɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɦɨɧɬɧɨɦɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ>&@ɦɚɡɭɬ²ɦɚ
ɡɭɬɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ>@ɥɨɫɤɭɬ²ɫɤɥɚɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɬɤɚɧɢ
ɧɚɲɜɟɣɧɨɦɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ>ɋ@ɤɚɞɪɵ²
ɨɬɞɟɥɜɟɞɭɳɢɣɭɱɟɬɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɭɱ
ɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɄɷɬɢɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɦɨɠɧɨ
ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɟɜɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɨɬɞɟ
ɥɟɧɢɹɞɟɬɫɤɨɣɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɢɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɬɩ ɫɥɨɜɨɦɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ ©ɩɨɣɞɭɜɞɟɬɫɬɜɨª ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɫɬɚɥɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɤɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɜɥɢɱɧɨɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɅȼɄɚɥɢɧɢɧɚ>ɋ@ ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɭɱɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɜɧɚɲɟɣɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɟ
ɥɢɲɶɨɞɧɢɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦɤɭɜɚɥɞɚ²ɰɟɯɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ
ɩɟɱɧɵɯɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜɧɚɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɧɨɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
>@ɑɚɳɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɦɟɧɢɦɚɲɢɧɵɢɥɢɦɟ
ɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɟɪ²ɭɡɟɥɞɟɤɨɦɩɨ
ɡɢɰɢɢ ɝɞɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɞɚɧɧɵɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚ
ɬɨɪ²ɭɡɟɥɤɚɪɛɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɩɭɥɶɩɚɬɨɪ²ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɝɞɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵɪɟɩɭɥɶɩɚɬɨɪɵ>@
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɧɨɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢ
ɹɯɦɟɫɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɭɠɢɧɤɚ²ɩɪɭɠɢɧɧɵɣ
ɰɟɯɧɚɡɚɜɨɞɟɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ>
&@ɫɨɞɚ²ɰɟɯɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɫɨɞɵ>@
©ɨɛɴɟɤɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹĺɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟªɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɬɪɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɨ
ɞɟɥɢɥɢɜɟɪ²ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɩɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ>&@ɪɟɛɪɨ²ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɸɦɹɫɚɨɬɪɟɛɟɪ>&@ɜɨɞɤɚ²
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚɥɢɤɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɱɧɵɯɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
ɩɟɪɜɵɟɞɜɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɪɚɛɨɬɧɢ
ɤɚɦɢɦɹɫɨɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚɬɪɟɬɶɟ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢɩɨ
ɥɢɰɢɢ Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɱɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɲɢɪɟ
ɢɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɟɌɚɤɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜɢɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɫɥɨɜɚɫɬɟɧɤɚ²ɞɟɜɹɬɵɣɜɢɪɚɠ
ɜɫɚɧɧɨɦɫɩɨɪɬɟ>ɋ@ɬɭɦɛɨɱɤɚ²ɞɟɠɭɪɫɬɜɨ
ɧɚɩɨɫɬɭ ɩɨɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ >&@
©ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥĺɩɪɟɞɦɟɬªɛɪɨɧɡɚɡɨɥɨɬɨ
ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɤɚɪɟɡɢɧɚɠɟɥɟɡɨɞɟɪɟɜɨɢɬɩ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɱɬɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵɨɛɴɟɤɬɵɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫ
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɞɥɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢ
ɫɬɨɜɜɚɠɧɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɟɣɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɱɟɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɤɥɟɟɧɤɚ²ɩɥɚɧɝɪɚɮɢɤɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɦɟɫɹɰɡɚɩɢɫɚɧ
ɧɵɣɧɚɫɚɦɨɤɥɟɹɳɟɣɫɹɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɜɪɟɱɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢ
ɦɚɬɟɥɟɣ >ɋ@ɩɭɯ²ɫɩɚɥɶɧɵɣɦɟɲɨɤɧɚɩɭɯɭ
ɜɫɪɟɞɟɚɥɶɩɢɧɢɫɬɨɜ >&@ɦɟɞɶ²ɦɟɞɧɵɟ
ɞɭɯɨɜɵɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɠɚɪɝɨ
ɧɟ ɰɢɧɤ²ɰɢɧɤɨɜɵɣɝɪɨɛɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɬ
ɬɪɭɩɵɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɯ ɜɜɨɟɧɧɨɦɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ >&@
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ²ɦɚɡɨɤɜɡɹɬɵɣɞɥɹɰɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɦɟɞɢɤɨɜ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɫɟɪɟɛɪɨ
ɛɪɨɧɡɚ²ɧɚɝɪɚɞɚɡɚɩɟɪɜɨɟɜɬɨɪɨɟɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɟɫɬɚ
ɜɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɦɟɬɚɥɥ²ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɟɫɬ
ɞɥɹɩɪɵɠɤɨɜɜɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɜɪɟɱɢɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ >@
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɣ
ɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɦɟɬɨɧɢ
ɦɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɞɟɪɟɜɨɢɠɟɥɟɡɨ
ɉɟɪɜɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜɫɥɭ
ɠɢɬɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯɞɭɯɨ
ɜɵɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦɠɚɪɝɨɧɟɨɧɨɜɵ
ɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɨɣɲɬɚɧɝɢ>ɋ@
ɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɦɨɪɹɤɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɮɨɪɲɬɟɜɟɧɹ>&@
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɠɟɥɟɡɨɜɫɪɟɞɟɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜɭɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢµɬɚɪɟɥɤɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɜɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɟɭɞɚɪɧɢɤɚ¶ɜɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɢɟɝɨɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɜɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦɭɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ >ɋ@
ɜɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɡɚɧɢɦɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɫɢɥɨɜɵɯɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟ
ɪɵɲɬɚɧɝɢɛɥɢɧɵɝɚɧɬɟɥɢɝɪɢɮɵɝɢɪɢɢɬɞ >
ɋ@ɠɟɥɟɡɨɦɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɧɚɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɚɥɶɩɢɧɢɫɬɨɜ>ɋ@ȼɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ
ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯɷɬɢɦɫɥɨɜɨɦɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɟɛɟɡɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ>
&@ɬɨɟɫɬɶɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦɚɜɚɪɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɩɨɜɪɟɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ±ɟɣ ©ɱɚɫɬɶ²ɰɟɥɨɟªȾɚɧɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɦɟɬɨɧɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨ
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɩɪɢɦɟ
ɪɵɢɡɫɮɟɪɵɫɩɨɪɬɚ>@ɲɢɩɵ²ɬɭɮɥɢɲɢɩɨɜɤɢ
ɦɹɱɢɤ²ɮɭɬɛɨɥɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ²ɛɟɝɫɛɚɪɶɟɪɚɦɢ
ɋɯɨɞɧɵɟɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɟɫɬɶɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɥɟɫɚ²ɜɫɟɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɧɚɤɨɥɟɫɧɨɦɯɨɞɭ ɜɜɨɟɧɧɨɦɠɚɪɝɨɧɟ >ɋ@
ɳɟɬɨɱɤɢ²ɭɛɨɪɨɱɧɚɹɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ
ɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣȾɌɉ ɜɠɚɪɝɨɧɟɩɨ
ɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ >ɋ@ɤɨɫɬɵɥɢ²ɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɤɬɨɩɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸɡɞɨ
ɪɨɜɶɹɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɥɢɫɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɫɬɵɥɟɣ ɜɪɟɱɢ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɨɪɬ²ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɥɟɬ ɜɪɟɱɢ
ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɚɜɢɚɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɢɧɢɣ
ɧɨɦɟɪ²ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹɧɚɢɫ
ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɰɜɟɬɭɲɬɟɦɩɟɥɹɧɚɩɟɪɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ >&@ɤɨɪɤɢɤɨɪɨɱɤɢ²ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸɳɢɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɩɪɚɜɨɨɯ
ɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ
ȼɲɚɯɬɟɪɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɞɥɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɫɬɜɚɢɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ
ɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɨɛɨɛ
ɳɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɟɥɵɟɤɚɫɤɢ ɭɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ
ɤɚɫɤɢɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɟ ɛɟɥɵɟɪɭɛɚɯɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɩɪɢ
ɫɩɭɫɤɟɢɦɜɵɞɚɸɬɧɨɜɵɟɪɭɛɚɯɢ ɜɪɟɱɢɩɨɥɢ
ɰɟɣɫɤɢɯɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɛɟɥɵɟɜɨ
ɪɨɬɧɢɱɤɢ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɈȻɗɉ ɪɚɧɟɟɈȻɏɋɋ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣɦɭɧɞɢɪ²ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɵ>@
©ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨĺɩɪɟɞɦɟɬªɞɜɨɣɤɚɬɪɨɣɤɚ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɤɚɩɹɬɟɪɤɚɲɟɫɬɟɪɤɚɫɟɦɟɪɤɚɞɟɫɹɬɤɚ
ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɤɚɢɬɞɗɬɚɦɨɞɟɥɶɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɤɪɭɝɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɮɟɪ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɈɧɚɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɟɱɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɜɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦɜɨɟɧɧɨɦ
ɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦɠɚɪɝɨɧɚɯɬɨɟɫɬɶɬɚɦɝɞɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɨɱɧɵɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɫɟɦɟɪ
ɤɚɩɹɬɟɪɤɚ²ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɨɜɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɬɨɥɳɢɧɵɧɢɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɩɹɬɟɪ
ɤɚ²ɞɢɫɤɜɟɫɨɦɤɝɤɝɜɬɹɠɟɥɨɣɚɬɥɟɬɢɤɟ
ɩɹɬɟɪɤɚ²ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɜɤɦɜɥɟɝɤɨɣɚɬɥɟɬɢɤɟ
ɥɵɠɚɯɤɨɧɶɤɨɛɟɠɧɨɦɫɩɨɪɬɟɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɤɚ²ɞɢɫ
ɬɚɧɰɢɹɤɦɜɥɟɝɤɨɣɚɬɥɟɬɢɤɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɤɚ²ɱɟɬ
ɜɟɪɬɶɮɢɧɚɥɚɜɛɨɤɫɟɞɜɨɣɤɚ²ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹɤɨɦɛɢɧɚ
ɰɢɹɜɛɚɫɤɟɬɛɨɥɟɫɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦɞɜɭɯɢɝɪɨɤɨɜɢɬɩ
ɉɨɦɢɦɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɮɟɪ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɨɝɭɬɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɩɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɢɨɝɪɚɧɢ
ɱɢɦɫɹɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣɷɬɨɝɨɬɟɡɢɫɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɧɨ
ɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯɜɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ>@
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɨɯɜɚɬɚɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢĺɫɬɚɬɭɫ
ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɦɢɪ²ɱɟɦɩɢɨɧɚɬɢɥɢɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ
ɦɢɪɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ²ɱɟɦɩɢɨɧɚɬɢɥɢɩɟɪɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɊɨɫɫɢɢ
ɢɩɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɛ
ɥɚɫɬɶɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɢɬɩ ɰɜɟɬɚɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɥɚɝɚ ĺɢɝɪɨɤɢ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɨɦɚɧɞɵɤɪɚɫɧɨɛɟɥɵɟ²ɢɝɪɨɤɢɮɭɬ
ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɭɛɚ©ɋɩɚɪɬɚɤªɤɪɚɫɧɨɫɢɧɢɟ²ɢɝɪɨɤɢ
ɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɭɛɚɐɋɄȺɫɢɧɢɟ²ɢɝɪɨɤɢɫɛɨɪ
ɧɨɣɎɪɚɧɰɢɢɩɨɮɭɬɛɨɥɭɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɟ²ɢɝɪɨɤɢ
ɫɛɨɪɧɨɣɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɨɜɩɨɮɭɬɛɨɥɭ
ɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ±ɨɜ ɜɨɜɪɟ
ɦɹɢɝɪɵĺɚɦɩɥɭɚɫɬɚɬɭɫɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜɤɪɚɣ²
ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣɧɚɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɣɜɮɭɬɛɨɥɟɯɨɤɤɟɟɮɥɚɧɝ²
ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣɧɚɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɣɜɮɭɬɛɨɥɟɞɵɪɤɚ²ɜɪɚɬɚɪɶ
ɞɵɪɤɚµɜɨɪɨɬɚ¶ ɫɤɚɦɟɣɤɚ²ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟɢɝɪɨɤɢ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ
ɤɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦĺɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɨɪɟɜɧɨ
ɜɚɧɢɣɜɨɞɚ²ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɜɨɞɚ²ɨɩɥɚɜɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɦɚɥɚɹɜɨɞɚ²
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɫɞɨɪɨɠɤɚɦɢɞɥɢɧɨɣɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɥɶɞɢɧɚ
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ²ɯɨɤɤɟɣɧɚɹɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
Ʉɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ
ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɟɧ
ɩɪɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɧɚɛɚɡɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɈɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɜɩɪɨ
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɬɚɤɠɟɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɡɧɚ
ɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ȼɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɩɟɪɜɵɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɪɟɱɢɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɟɣ
ɢɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɧɚɦɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɤɪɚɹɩɟɱɚɬɶ²ɢɦɟ
ɸɳɢɣɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɢɥɭɨɬɬɢɫɤɧɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɲɬɟɦɩɟɥɹɫɦɨɱɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɤɪɚɫɹɳɢɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɜɨɬɥɢ
ɱɢɟɨɬɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɚɹɩɨɞ
ɩɢɫɶ²ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɥɢɰɨɦɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɭɱɧɨ ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɮɚɤɫɢɦɢɥɟ
ɢɥɢɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ ȼɪɟɱɢɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟ
ɧɨɜɥɟɝɤɨɚɬɥɟɬɨɜɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ
ɝɥɚɞɤɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ²ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɜɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɛɟɝɟɬɟ
ɜɨɛɵɱɧɨɦɛɟɝɟɛɟɡɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ>&@
Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɦɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɫɥɟɩɨɟɬɢɫɧɟɧɢɟ²ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɢɡɞɟɥɢɣɢɡɛɭ
ɦɚɝɢɢɥɢɤɚɪɬɨɧɚɛɟɡɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɮɨɥɶɝɢɩɭ
ɬɟɦɜɵɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɹɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ©ɫɥɟɩɵɦª
ɬɨɟɫɬɶɩɨɱɬɢɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɵɦɞɥɹɝɥɚɡɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɧɟɫɚɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ȼɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ
ɦɢɲɟɧɶ²©ɦɢɲɟɧɶɜɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɥɟɝɤɨɩɨɩɚɫɬɶª>
&@ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɟɪɧɵɣɜɵɫɬɪɟɥɬɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɢɣɰɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟ
ɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɲɟɧɢ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɦɟɬɨɧɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɦɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰȼɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɯ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɷɩɢɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɥɟɤ
ɫɢɤɢɗɩɢɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢɫɥɨɜɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɢɯɦɨɪɮɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟɫɦ>@ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɪɟɱɢɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟ
ɧɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɚ²ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɬɭɪɧɢɪ
ɩɨɫɥɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɪɚɭɧɞɨɜ ɜɬɟɧɧɢɫɟ >
ɋ@ɉɟɪɟɞɧɚɦɢɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɫɥɨɜɨɭɠɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɹɡɵɤɟɧɨɞɥɹ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɝɨɞɥɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜɫɦɵɫɥɚ
ɨɧɨɪɚɧɟɟɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɨɪ
ɤɚɤɛɵɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɡɚɧɨɜɨɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɦɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɫɠɚɬɢɹɫɦɵɫɥɚɛɨɥɟɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɣɟɝɨɪɟɩɪɟ
ɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ²
ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɦɟɞ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ²ɩɪɨ
ɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɫɦɨɬɪɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ²ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ
ɩɟɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɜ²ɪɚɡɥɢɜɧɨɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɫɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɬɨɪɝ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ²ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟɨɛɦɭɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɟɧ ɡɟɦ
ɥɹ²ɩɪɨɜɨɞɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪ ɰɢɮɪɚ²ɰɢɮ
ɪɨɜɚɹɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɝɪ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ²ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɚɹɝɨɧɤɚ
ɚɜɬɨɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɨɧɟɤ²ɤɨɧɶɤɨɜɵɣɯɨɞ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɭɫɢ
ɥɟɧɢɟ²ɫɥɭɠɛɚɩɨɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɦɭɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɩɨɥɢɰ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɚ²ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɟɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɩɪɨɮ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ²ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜɮɭɬɛɨɥɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɧɚɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢ
ɹɯɩɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɚɧɰɚɦ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤ²ɛɨɪɟɰ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɨɪɶɛɨɣɥɵɠɧɢɤ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɸɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɬɢɥɟɦ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɚ²ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɜɬɹɠɟ
ɥɨɣɚɬɥɟɬɢɤɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɵɠɧɚɹɝɨɧɤɚɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɪɢɚɬɥɨɧɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɛɨɞɢɛɢɥɞɢɧɝ
ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɬɩ
ȼɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɦɵɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦ
ɫɜɹɡɶɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɜɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɟɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɫ©ɞɟɪɢ
ɜɚɬɨɪɚɦɢª ɬɟɪɦɢɧɇȾȽɨɥɟɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɨɫɢɬɟ
ɥɹɦɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɟɦɢɨɡɢɫɚɢɜɪɟɡɭɥɶ
ɬɚɬɟɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɜɚɤɬɚɯɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɄɚɤɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɇȾȽɨɥɟɜ©ɫɜɹɡɶɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɧɟ
ɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɢɯɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɭɸɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶɫɦɟɠɧɨɫɬɶª>@ɂɦɟɧɧɨɧɚɷɬɨɣ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɡɚɧɟɸ©ɤɨɝɧɢ
ɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª ɬɟɪɦɢɧȺȺɄɢɛɪɢɤɚ ɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨɩɨɧɚɲɟɦɭɦɧɟɧɢɸɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨ
ɝɨɬɢɩɚ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɚɤɬɭɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢȿɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨ
ɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɧɨɩɪɟ
ɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɥɭ
ɱɟɧɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚ
ɰɢɟɣɜɧɢɯɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɮɟɪɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɪɭɬɸɧɨɜɚɇȾɆɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɝɥɪɟɞȼɇəɪ
ɰɟɜɚ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɋɨɜɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ²ɋ²
ȽɨɥɟɜɇȾɎɭɧɤɰɢɢɷɩɢɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɤɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɪɟɱɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɇȾȽɨɥɟɜɌɢɩɵ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɛɧɚɭɱɬɪ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɂɡɞɜɨɍɪɚɥɭɧɬɚ²ɋ²²85/
KWWSOLQJYRDVXUXJROHYDUWLFOHV]KWPO
ȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚȿɂȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ²ɆɨɫɤɜɚɎɥɢɧɬɚ
ɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚȿɂɆɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹɤɚɤɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɫɛɧɚɭɱ
ɬɪɜɱɟɫɬɶɩɪɨɮɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɑɟɥɹɛɝɨɫɭɧɬ²ɋ²
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚȿɂɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɩɟɪɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɜɫɮɟɪɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ȿɂȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚɄɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚ²²ȼɵɩ²ɋ²
Ƚɪɭɡ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ >ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@²85/KWWSF\FORZLNLRUJZLNL ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜȺȺɌɨɥɤɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɠɚɪɝɨɧɚȺȺȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ
ɂɡɞɜɨɑɟɥɹɛɝɨɫɭɧɬɚ²ɫ
ɁɨɥɨɬɨɜɚȿɋɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȿɋɁɨɥɨɬɨɜɚ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ
²ɫ
ɂɪɢɫɯɚɧɨɜɚɈɄɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɜɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɧɵɯɢɦɟɧɚɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɄɂɪɢɫɯɚɧɨɜɚɋɥɸɛɨɜɶɸɤɹɡɵɤɭɫɛɧɚɭɱɬɪɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹȿɋɄɭ
ɛɪɹɤɨɜɨɣ²ɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɂɧɬɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɊȺɇȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɝɨɫɭɧɬ²ɋ²
ɄɚɥɚɧɨɜɇȺɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨɠɚɪɝɨɧɚɇȺɄɚɥɚɧɨɜ²ɆɨɫɤɜɚȽɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ²ɫ
ɄɚɥɢɧɢɧɚɅȼɅɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɢɦɟɧɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ±ɫɬɜ ɨ ɅȼɄɚɥɢɧɢɧɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɢɦɇɂɅɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ²²ʋ²
ɋ²
Ʉɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@²85/KWWSGMLOGDUXDUWLFOHVSROH]QRH
NLQRORJLFKHVNLMVORYDUKWPO ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɄɧɨɪɪɟɄɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɠɚɪɝɨɧɚɨɩɵɬɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@
ɄɄɧɨɪɪɟȺɆɢɪɨɲɤɢɧ²85/KWWSVPDJD]LQHVJRUN\PHGLDQ]VORYDUVRYUHPHQQRJRDUPHMVNRJR
]KDUJRQDRS\WVR]GDQL\DKWPO ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɪɨɜɭɲɤɢɧȼɉɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨɠɚɪɝɨɧɚɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ
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ɋɘȾɜɢɧɢɧɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡɜɭɡɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ
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ɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɭɬɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɚɣɬɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɥɢɧɝ
ɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɝɨɪɨɞɚɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɨɦɋɆɂɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɷɬɚɩɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
ɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɤɭɞɚɜɯɨɞɹɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɬɚɬɶɢɧɨɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬɡɵɜɵɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢɛɥɨɝɢɜɥɨɝɢɢɬɞȼɚɠɧɵɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɝɨɪɨ
ɞɚɫɬɚɥɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɟɬɢɫɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɦɝɧɨ
ɜɟɧɧɨɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɜɨɟɦɧɟɧɢɟȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɨɛ
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɠɢɡɧɶɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɪɭɩɩ
ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɰɟɥɨɦɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ
ɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɢɷɬɨɬɨɬɤɨɧ
ɬɟɤɫɬɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢɜɡɚɢ
ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ>@ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɪɨɥɢɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ>@
ȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɛɢɥɢɹɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣɢɩɨɫɭɬɢ©ɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɲɭɦɚªɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɧɟ
ɧɢɹɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɇɚɧɚɲ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞɬɚɤɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɪɬɚɥ²ɫɟɬɟɜɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯɫɚɣɬɚɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɟɟɜɬɚɤɢɯɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɝɨɪɨɞɚɯɤɚɤȺɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ
ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɄɭɪɝɚɧ
ɇɢɠɧɢɣɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɈɦɫɤɉɟɪɦɶ
ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭɋɚɦɚɪɚɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɌɸɦɟɧɶ
ɍɮɚɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤəɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɶȼɚɠɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢ
ɟɦɜɵɛɨɪɚɩɨɪɬɚɥɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɫɚɣɬ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɫɜɨɢɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɢɜɨɜɫɟɯ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɹɯɈɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨ©ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɦɟɞɢɚɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɢɝɪɚɬɶɪɨɥɶɧɨɜɨɫɬɧɵɯɜɟɛ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɚɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɛɭɞɭɬɱɢɬɚɬɶɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɫɨɰɫɟɬɹɯɚɧɟɧɚɫɚɣɬɚɯɋɆɂª
>@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɨɯɜɚɬɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢɨɱɟɧɶɜɟɥɢɤ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɪɬɚɥɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɞɢɫ
ɤɭɫɫɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɬɚɬɶɢɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɢɧɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɤɨɥɢ
ɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɱɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞ
ɨɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɨɣɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɩɪɨ
ɰɟɫɫɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɢɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɜɜɢɪ
ɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɡ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɚɤɰɟɧɬɨɜɦɢɪɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɞɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ>@
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɨɧɚɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɢ
ɨɧɚ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɚ
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɦɵɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɥɢɫɶɩɨɪɬɚɥɨɦUXɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɢɞɢɬɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɫɜɨɟɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɨɞ
ɢɟɝɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɨɧɥɚɣɧɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɝɨɪɨɞ
ɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɭɬɶɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɉɨɪɬɚɥ
ɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɛɨɥɶɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɞɨɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣɞɥɹɨɧɥɚɣɧ
ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɣ>85/KWWSVUXSDJHVWHDPKWPO@
Ɋɚɧɟɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɦɵ
ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɧɚɫɚɣɬɚɯɜɭɡɨɜ>@ɱɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ
ɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ>@ɤɨɝɞɚɜɭɡɩɨɡɢɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɟɛɹɤɚɤɜɟɞɭɳɢɣɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣɢɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɡɚɫɱɟɬɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ©ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɟɧɬɚª>ɋ@Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɣɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɜɭɡɚɧɚɫɜɨɟɦ
ɫɚɣɬɟɧɟɫɟɬɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɧɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɜɭɡɚɜɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚȺɧɚɥɢɡɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨɩɨɪ
ɬɚɥɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞɵɤɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɛɳɟɣ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
Ɂɞɟɫɶɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɨɛɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ©ɷɦɨ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɦɢɥɢɧɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɮɨɪ
ɦɚɦɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɟɯɢɥɢɢɧɵɯɧɚɞɟɠɞɢɱɚ
ɹɧɢɣɩɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɢɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɜª>&@ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ©ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɥɢɧɟɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢª>@
ɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɜɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɜɭɡɚɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
Ʌɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɹɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ+$ɉɪɨɤɭɪɨɜɫɤɚɹɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɟɦɢɤɪɨɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ >
ɋ@ɤɭɞɚɦɵɦɨɠɟɦɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɜɭɡɨɜ
Ɍɚɤɢɟɭɪɛɚɧɨɧɢɦɵ ɜɧɚɲɟɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ©ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɟ
ɧɢɹɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɨɛɪɚɡɝɨɪɨɞɚɨɛ
ɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɥɢɱɧɨɦɭɨɩɵɬɭɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɮɨɧª>@
ȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɵɜɜɟɥɢɜɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɨɤɟɩɨɪɬɚɥɚUX>85/KWWSVUX@ɩɨɥɧɨɟɢɫɨ
ɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɜɭɡɨɜɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɚ
ɚɢɦɟɧɧɨ©ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢ
ɬɟɬɑɟɥȽɍªɭɤɚɡɚɥɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɫ
ɩɨɱɬɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɩɨɱɬɢɝɨɞ ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚ
ɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɉɨɢɫɤɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹ
ɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɜɵɞɚɥɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜɧɨɜɨ
ɫɬɟɣɢɥɢɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɜ²ɫɬɪɨɤɢɫɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɭɡɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɫɥɨɜɨ©ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤª©ɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣªɢɥɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɸ
ɳɢɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɜɭɡɟɜɫɚɦɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɧɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜɫɬɚɬɟɣɩɨ
ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɜɭɡɚɜɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɫɬɚɧɨ
ɜɢɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɜɭɡɭ
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɜɢɧɨɝɞɚɧɢ
ɜɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɫɦɵɫɥɨɦɜɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɫɬɚɬɶɢɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ ©əɩɨɬɟɪɹɸɜɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɟªɧɨɜɵɣɪɟɤɬɨɪɑɟɥȽɍɨɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɟɫɝɨɫɬɚɣɧɨɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟȽɚɪɜɚɪɞɚɢɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɜɭɡɚ
ɋɟɪɝɟɣɌɚɫɤɚɟɜɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ²ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɶ
ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢɢɡɞɟɫɶɥɸɛɭɸɜɟɳɶɦɨɠɧɨɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ
ɫɦɟɥɨ
ɋɘȾɜɢɧɢɧɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɧɨɜɨɫɬɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɦɨɦ
ɢɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɳɟɣɨɬɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɚɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɤɞɟɦɨ
ɤɪɚɬɢɢɢɫɦɟɥɵɦɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɧɚɦɟɱɟɧ©ɦɨɫɬɢɤª
ɨɬɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɜɭɡɚɤɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭɨɬɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɤɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɉɨɥɢɮɨɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɩɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɶɨɜɭɡɟɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɩɨɤɨ
ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ²ɦɟɫɬɨ ȼɧɚɲɟɣɜɵɛɨɪɤɟɥɢɞɟɪɨɦɩɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɩɪɨ
ɫɦɨɬɪɨɜ ɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɧɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ ȾɟɥɚɣɬɟɩɨɥɫɬɚɜɤɢɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɑɟɥȽɍ
ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɥɢɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɱɬɨɢɯɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɧɚɭɪɟɡɚɧɧɭɸɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɭ
Ɂɞɟɫɶɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɹɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ©ɭɝɨɥɨɜ
ɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɚɩɪɨɬɢɜª©ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɢª©ɭɪɟɡɚɧɧɭɸª ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɚɥɥɸɡɢɟɣɧɚɤɚɡɢɧɨɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɷɬɨɬɠɟɧɚɦɟɤɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɬɪɚɝɢɡɦɫɢɬɭ
ɚɰɢɢɈɛɪɚɬɢɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɱɬɨɩɪɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɥɹɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɰɢɮɪɚɦɢɜɵɲɟ ɨɛɪɚɡ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢ
ɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ©ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢª©ɩɪɟɩɨ
ɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢª ȼɥɢɞɟɪɵɩɨɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɭɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɩɚɥɢɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɢɟɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɜɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɟɡɚɹɜɥɟɧ
ɷɪɝɨɧɢɦ©ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪ
ɫɢɬɟɬªɨɞɧɚɤɨɛɭɞɟɬɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɫɬɚɬɶɢ
ɍɱɺɛɚɩɨɰɟɧɟɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɟɜɭɡɵɨɩɭ
ɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥɢɧɨɜɵɟɩɪɚɣɫɵɞɥɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɧɢɤɨɜ
UXɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɬɨɩɫɚɦɵɯɞɨɪɨɝɢɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɵɄɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ
Ɇɢɥɥɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɨɯɨɞɵɝɟɤɬɚɪɵɩɨɥɟɣɢ/DQG
&UXLVHUɱɟɦɜɥɚɞɟɸɬɪɟɤɬɨɪɵɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɯɜɭɡɨɜ
ɂɡɭɱɚɟɦɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɢɝɥɚɜɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɵɄɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ
ɍɦɧɵɟɢɨɛɜɨɪɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɜɌɚɬɶɹɧɢɧɞɟɧɶ
ɡɚɥɢɩɚɟɦɧɚɮɨɬɨɫɚɦɵɯɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɯɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɤ
ȼɧɚɲɟɦɨɛɡɨɪɟɟɫɬɶɢ©Ɇɢɫɫɫɨɛɥɚɡɧªɢ©Ɇɢɫɫ
ɮɟɟɪɢɹª
ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɵɄɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɜɚɩɟɪɜɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬɡɚɛɢɡɧɟɫɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɳɭɸɨɛɪɚɡɚɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɜɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɜɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɨɬɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹɧɨɜɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸɨɛɪɚɡɚɜɭɡɨɜ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɜɭɡɚɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɪɬɚɥɚ
ɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɚɪɝɨ ©ɡɚɥɢɩɚɟɦª ɛɥɚɝɨɡɜɭɱɧɨɣ ©ɭɦɧɵɟª©ɨɛɜɨɪɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟª©ɤɪɚ
ɫɢɜɵɯ ɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɧɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ©ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧª©ɮɟɟɪɢɹª ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɯɨɬɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɧɨɜɨ
ɫɬɟɣɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ©Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟªɞɜɟɧɨ
ɜɨɫɬɢɜɯɨɞɹɬɜɪɚɡɞɟɥ©Ȼɢɡɧɟɫªɨɞɧɚ²ɜ©Ƚɨɪɨɞª
ɨɞɧɚ²ɜ©ɆɨɣɞɨɦªɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɬɪɺɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɨɛɪɚɡɚɑɟɥȽɍ²ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɛɢɡ
ɧɟɫɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɟɱɬɨɹɪɤɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨɜɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɬɢɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɢɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɑɟɥȽɍɩɪɨɤɚɱɚɥɢɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɜɤɚɤɜɵɫɲɟɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɡɚɩɪɨɫɵɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ɇɚɤɚɤɭɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɣɬɢɭɱɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɛɵ
ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɟɫɬɚɥɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɫɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɣ ©ɜɵɫɲɟɟɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟª©ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚª©ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶª©ɭɤɪɚɲɟ
ɧɢɟɦɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪɚª ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɚɪɝɨ
©ɩɪɨɤɚɱɚɥɢªɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɧɚɫɟɛɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɥɭɱɲɟ
ɱɟɦɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɱɬɨɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨɞɚɥɟɟɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɬɚɬɟɣɧɨɫɹɬɫɭɝɭɛɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢɭɧɢɜɟɪ
ɫɢɬɟɬɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɢɯɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɤɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɦɭɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭɨɧɢɧɟɹɜ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹɪɟɤɥɚɦɨɣɬɚɤɤɚɤɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɨɪɬɚɥɭUXɪɟ
ɤɥɚɦɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɦɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɵɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɩɨɦɟɬɤɨɣ©ɇɚ
ɩɪɚɜɚɯɪɟɤɥɚɦɵª©ɉɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɟɤɬª©ɇɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɚª©ɇɨɜɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣªɢ©ȼɵɛɨɪɵª
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢɬɚɤɢɯɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼɑɟɥȽɍɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢɝɨɪɹɱɢɟɥɢɧɢɢɞɥɹɚɛɢ
ɬɭɪɢɟɧɬɨɜ
Ⱥɛɢɬɭɪɢɟɧɬɱɬɨɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɑɟɥȽɍ
• ɋɬɚɜɤɚɧɚɛɭɞɭɳɟɟɤɭɞɚɩɨɣɬɢɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɟɩɨɫɥɟɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɚ
ɄɚɤɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɜɑɟɥȽɍ
Ⱥɛɢɬɭɪɢɟɧɬ²ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢɢɢɯɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ
ɭɡɧɚɸɬɜɫɺɨɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢɜɜɟɞɭɳɢɟɜɭɡɵɊɨɫɫɢɢ
ɑɟɥȽɍɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɚɛɢɬɭɪɢɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɞɟɧɶɨɬ
ɤɪɵɬɵɯɞɜɟɪɟɣ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɛɨɪɧɚ©ɡɚɨɱɤɭªɜɑɟɥȽɍ
Ɉɧɢɧɨɫɹɬɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɝɞɟɦɨɠɧɨɨɬ
ɦɟɬɢɬɶɥɢɲɶɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ©ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟɜɭɡɵ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɢª ɢɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ©ɫɬɚɜɤɚɧɚɛɭɞɭɳɟɟª Ɋɨɥɶɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɱɚɫɬɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɹɯ ©ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹª©ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦª©ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɟɜɭɡɵª ȿɳɺɨɞɧɚɧɨ
ɜɨɫɬɶɩɨɫɭɬɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɜɵɫɬɭ
ɩɚɟɬɧɚɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɟɝɞɟɰɢɬɚɬɚɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ
©ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬªɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭɢɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ©ɋɬɪɚɧɧɨɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɟª
ɜɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɦɝɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ
ɫɞɚɬɨɣɜɵɛɨɪɨɜɧɨɜɨɝɨɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ȼɚɠɧɵɦɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɑɟɥȽɍɬɚɤɠɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ©ɧɨɜɨɝɨɪɟɤɬɨ
ɪɚª©ɧɨɜɭɸɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭª©ɧɨɜɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶª
©ɧɨɜɵɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɜª ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ©ɚɤ
ɬɢɜɧɵɣɪɟɫɬɚɪɬª©ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵª ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ©ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵª ɢɢɧ
ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ©ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɝɪɚɯª ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵɟɞɢɧɨɠɞɵ
ɊɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɑɟɥȽɍ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɬɪɺɯɧɨɜɨɫɬɹɯȾɜɟɩɟɪɜɵɟɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɢɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɬɪɟɬɶɹ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɶ²ɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɫɱɭɬɶɜɵɲɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɩɪɨɫɦɨ
ɬɪɨɜ ɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ²ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɨɛɪɚɡɭɑɟɥȽɍ
Ɉɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɞɨɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɞɩɢɫɢ
ɭɱɺɧɵɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵɑɟɥȽɍɜɵɲɥɢɧɚɧɨɜɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
Ʉɚɤɢɟɜɢɞɵɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɩɨɞɫɢɥɭɭɱɺɧɵɦ
ɑɟɥȽɍ
©Ȼɟɡɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɭɪɚɡɛɢɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɪɵɬɚªɤɚɤɜɑɟɥȽɍɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɤɚɞɪɵɞɥɹɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ȼɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɦɜɭɡɟɫɨɡɞɚɥɢɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɵɞɥɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ
ɋɜɟɳɚɦɢɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɜɭɡɱɟɪɟɡɫɭɞ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɜɵɫɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɭɥɢɰɭɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɚ
Ɉɬɫɬɨɹɬɶɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɠɢɥɶɺɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɟɪɤɟ
ɩɨɦɨɝɥɚɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɱɬɨɯɨɬɹɨɛɪɚɡɑɟɥȽɍɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɪɬɚɥɚ
UXɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɢɝɪɚɸɬ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɢɦɢɞɠɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɬɪɢ
ɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɱɚɳɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦȼɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɛɢɡɧɟɫɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɑɟɥȽɍɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɑɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɚɤɰɟɧɬɧɚɫɬɚɬɭɫɜɭɡɚɢɟɝɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦɱɬɨɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɭ
ɞɟɬɤɨɧɬɟɧɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜɩɨɞɧɨɜɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɭɡɨɜ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɨɫɚɣɬɚɦɵɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɱɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɦɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɭɝɥɨɦ©ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɤɚɤɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɞɢɫɤɭɪ
ɫɨɜɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜª>&@ȼɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɹɪɱɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɦɟɠɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɟ
ɋɘȾɜɢɧɢɧɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟªɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɡɚ
ɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧɨɞɧɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɞɥɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɤɢɷɤɫɬɪɚ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ>&@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɫɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɤɚɤɨɫ
ɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɟ
ɑɟɥȽɍɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ⱥɝɟɟɜɚɇɋɋɚɣɬɜɭɡɚɤɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɠɚɧɪɜɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɇɨɬɬɢɧɝɟɦɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɇɋȺɝɟɟɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɢɹɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɌɟɨɪɢɹɹɡɵɤɚəɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ²
²ʋ ²ɋ
Ⱦɜɢɧɢɧɚɋɘɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɜɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɥɚɣɞɟɪɨɜ
ɫɚɣɬɨɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɜɭɡɨɜ ɋɘȾɜɢɧɢɧɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɘɠɧɨɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɢɹ©Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚª²²Ɍʋ²ɋ
ɅɭɬɨɜɢɧɨɜɚɈȼɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɈȼɅɭɬɨɜɢɧɨɜɚ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɢɡɞɜɨȼȽɉɍ©ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɚª
ɇɟɞɟɥɶɤɢɧȺȺȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜȺȺɇɟ
ɞɟɥɶɤɢɧȺȼȺɧɬɨɧɟɧɤɨɜɚɌɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟɞɟɥɨɊɨɫɫɢɢ²²ʋ²ɋ
ɉɢɬɢɧɚɋȺȽɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɨɧɜɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɢɤɢɧɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɋȺɉɢɬɢɧɚ
Ƚȼɍɪɜɚɧɰɟɜȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ²²ʋ²ɋ
ɉɨɪɲɧɟɜȻɎɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɹȻɎɉɨɪɲɧɟɜ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ
ɉɪɨɤɭɪɨɜɫɤɚɹɇȺȽɨɪɨɞɜɡɟɪɤɚɥɟɫɜɨɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɝɂɠɟɜɫɤɚ ɇȺɉɪɨ
ɤɭɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ²ɂɠɟɜɫɤ
ɊɹɧɫɤɚɹɗɆɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɫɚɣɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɚɣɬɨɜɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɗɆɊɹɧɫɤɚɹɘɄɋɚɜɺɥɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɘɍɪȽɍɋɟɪɢɹ©Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚª²²Ɍ
ʋ²ɋ
ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚɈȼɌɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɜɚɧɝɚɪɞɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɢ35
Ɉȼɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ²ɆȽɧɨɡɢɫ
ɋɭɥɟɣɦɚɧɨɜɚɒɋɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɞɢɚɒɋɋɭɥɟɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ²Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ²²Ɍʋ²ɋ
ɌɨɳɟɧɤɨɀɌɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ²ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɢɢɩɪɚɤ
ɬɢɤɢɀɌɌɨɳɟɧɤɨɋɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ²²ʋ²ɋ²
ɑɢɠɢɤȺȼɋɟɬɟɜɵɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɦɟɞɢɚɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɦɧɟɧɢɹȺȼɑɢɠɢɤɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ²²Ɍɨɦʋ²ɋ
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References
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ȾɂȾȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃȺɋɉȿɄɌ
ɆȼɁɚɝɢɞɭɥɥɢɧɚɋɋɄɪɚɟɜɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯªʋ©Ȼɑª
ɆɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɚɭɤɢɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɜɫɮɟɪɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɤɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɫɥɨɜɢɤɨɧ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɯɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣɫɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɧɚɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɩɨɢɫɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɢɦɟɧɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɜɦɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɦɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɦɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɟɟ
ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɦɟɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɨɬ
ɧɨɫɬɶɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ɉɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ
ɢɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɫɬɚɥɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɧɨɜɨɫɬɧɵɟɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɥɚɬ
ɮɨɪɦɵɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ
ɝɚɟɬɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɤɰɟɥɨɦɭɪɹɞɭɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɫɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɹɰɟɥɵɟɩɥɚɫɬɵɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɈɞɧɢɦɢɡɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɫɥɭɠɚɬɩɚ
ɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɫɬɚɬɶɢɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ
ɞɜɚɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɋɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɩɨɢɫɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɤɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɧɚɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɭ
ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɩɨɥɶɡɭɩɪɢɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚ
ɜɵɤɨɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɫɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɢɡɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɧɚɞɜɭɯɢɥɢɞɚɠɟɬɪɟɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɨɛɢɥɢɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɧɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɯɨɛɭɱɟ
ɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭɫɤɥɨɧɹɸɬɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚ
ɤɜɵɛɨɪɭɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɩɨɩɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɟɝɨɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɦɟɧɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶɫɹɜɷɧɰɢ
ɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɟɫɥɢɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɯɥɢɛɨɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɋɆɂɬɨɟɫɬɶ
ɦɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɯȿɫɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɫɨɧɵɨɝɪɚɧɢ
ɱɟɧɚɫɮɟɪɨɣɟɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɫɬɪɚɧɨɣɩɪɨɠɢ
ɜɚɧɢɹɬɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɤɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɬɨɟɫɬɶɤɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ
ɋɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɬɟɤɫɬȿȺɍɜɚɪɨɜɚ
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫɭɱɺɬɨɦɜɫɟɯɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɤ
ɬɨɪɨɜɚɬɟɤɫɬ²ɤɚɤɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɪɟɱɟɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɟɝɨɛɚɡɨɜɭɸɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɟɞɢɧɢ
ɰɭɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª>ɋ@ȿȺɄɨɠɟɦɹɤɢɧ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɤɚɤ©ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɮɨ
ɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɪɟɱɟɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɦɚɫɫɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟª>&@
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɤɫɬ
ɬɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ²ɦɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬ
Ɇɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɤɚɤɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɰɟɥɨɦɦɵɦɨɠɟɦ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɷɤɫ
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ɹɫɶɥɢɲɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɆɟɞɢɚɬɟɤɫɬɠɟɦɨɠ
ɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɧɟɷɬɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɦɟɹɜɜɢɞɭ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɢɡɬɟɤɫɬɚ>ɋ²@
ɇɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨ©ɥɸɛɵɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɜɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ²ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɢɥɢɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ²ɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɫɱɟɬɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɪɟɱɟɜɭɸª
>ɋ@ɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɷɬɨɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɜɨɟɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɤɚɱɟ
ɫɬɜɟɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɦɧɨɝɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɫɚɦ
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ɐɟɥɶɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ²ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɩɪɨ
ɛɥɟɦɵɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɷɤɫɩɚɧ
ɫɢɢɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦ
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ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ
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ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɭɞɨɛɧɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɹɡɵ
ɤɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɨɛɨɣɱɚɫɬɶ©ɜɫɟ
ɥɟɧɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚª ɚɧɝɥWDUJHWODQJXDJH¶WH[W
XQLYHUVHɢɥɢɧɟɦ=67H[WXQLYHUVXPɭȼɄɨɥɥɟɪɚ Ɍɚɤɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵɨɛɳɟɣɬɟ
ɦɚɬɢɤɨɣɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵɧɚɫɯɨɞɧɭɸɝɪɭɩɩɭɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ
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ɞɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɨɥɢɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɉɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɫɚɦɩɨɢɫɤɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɜɩɟɪɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɦ
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ɫɹɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɛɨɬɨɣɚɥɝɨɪɢɬ
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©ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɟɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟª>@ɚȺȽɚɥɥɨɭɷɣ
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ɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɛɭɞɭɳɢɯɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɧ
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ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɯɜɵɞɚɱ
ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶɦɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜɜɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɩɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɭɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ>@
ɩɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ>@
ɐɟɥɶɷɬɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ
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ɲɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɢɦɢɡɛɚɡɨɜɵɯɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ
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ɧɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɷɬɚɥɨɧɬɚɤɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɪɟɞɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɜɢɧ
ɬɟɪɧɟɬɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ©ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹªɪɚɛɨɬɵɚɥ
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ɫɚɣɬɢɥɢɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɤɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɦɭɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɪɢɫɤɚɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɩɪɨɮɟɫ
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ
ȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɡ
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ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɥɢɱɧɵɯɢɦɟɧɚɯɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ
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Ƚɟɪɦɚɧ ɜɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɡɞɟɫɶɦɵɬɨɠɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦPDQQ
ɤɚɤɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ>&²@Ɍɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɧɟɬɨɫ
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0DQQKHLPɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɢɦɟɟɬɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɢɟɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ²Ɇɚɧɝɟɣɦ>Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ@ɫɥɟ
ɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
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ɫɨɞɧɨɣɧɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɠɟ UJUXVFRRSQHVWFRP
UXXVHU6YRERGD5DGLR >@ɚɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɫɭɞɜɨɟɧ
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VYRERGDRUJGZFRPUX >@ɉɪɢɭɫɬɧɨɣ
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«ɆɚɪɢɹɅɭɢɡɚɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɧɟɦɟɰ
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ɡɜɭɱɚɥɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɮɨɧɞɟɪɅɹɣɟɧɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɬɤɧɟɪɟ
ɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ
ɆɚɤɫɆɚɧɯɚɣɦɟɪɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɜɬɨɪɚɹɧɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɢɢɫɧɨɪɦɚɦɢɉəªɝɞɟɉə²ɹɡɵɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɯɚɥɚɬɧɨɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɟɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɤɫɜɨɢɦɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ
ɢɫɥɚɛɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɚɤɢɩɭɧ
ɤɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɧɨɪɦɨɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ȿɳɟɨɞɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ
ɧɢɦɨɜɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɩɨɩɵɬɤɭɫɧɹɬɶɫɫɟɛɹɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ©>ɢɦɟɧɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ@ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭ
>ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɚɲ²ɆɁɋɄ@ ɩɨɢɫɤɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɢɢɧɬɟɪ
ɧɟɬɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ªɤɚɤɨɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɨɛɳɟɩɪɢ
ɧɹɬɵɦɟɫɥɢɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɤɧɢɝɚɧɟɛɵɥɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɹɫɧɵɦɌɚɤɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɞɟ
ɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɱɢ
ɧɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɤɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ
ɢɡɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ
Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬ
ɧɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ©ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦɟɧɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɷɤɜɢ
ɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ 0D[0DQQKHLPHU²ɆɚɤɫɆɚɧɯɚɣɦɟɪ
0DULH/XLVHYRQGHU/H\HQ²ɆɚɪɢɹɅɭɢɡɚɮɨɧɞɟɪ
Ʌɹɣɟɧ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɦ ªɄɚɤɭɠɟɛɵɥɨɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɞɚɧɧɵɯɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɩɨɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɨɬ
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɥɢɰɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚɲɢɦɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢɚɤɧɢɝɚɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɛɵɥɚɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɚɜɝɨɞɭ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɦɨɞɧɚɤɨɡɞɟɫɶɧɚɦɜɢɞɢɬ
ɫɹɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɤɨɝɞɚɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɱɢɤɧɟɫɬɟɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɢɦɟɧɢɢɮɚɦɢɥɢɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɬɨɝɨɠɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɥɢɢɦɟɧɞɜɭɯɥɸɞɟɣɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɪɹɞɨɦ
ɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɜɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɟɞɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɌɚɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɬɢɤɢɨɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ©ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɧɟɢɦɟɟɬ
ɩɪɚɜɚɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭɠɟɥɚɧɢɸɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɦɵɫɥɢɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶɟɝɨɢɥɢɪɚɫ
ɲɢɪɹɬɶɟɫɥɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɡɚɞɚɱɚɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ
ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɢɬɩɧɟɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɡɚɤɚɡɱɢ
ɤɨɦª>ɋ²@Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟ
ɫɬɢɢɤɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸɫɥɨɜɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɬɟɤɫɬɟ
Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɨɛɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɚ
ɱɬɨɛɵɨɧɡɜɭɱɚɥɛɨɥɟɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɦɨɠɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɜɨɢ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɜɬɟɤ
ɫɬɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɢɥɢɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɫɤɨɩɨɫɚɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ
ɪɨɥɶɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨɚɜɬɨɪ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɨ
ɩɨɟɝɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɛɭɞɟɬɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ>6²6@
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯɨɲɢ
ɛɨɤɢɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɆȼɁɚɝɢɞɭɥɥɢɧɚɋɋɄɪɚɟɜɚ
ɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɤɪɨɟɬ
ɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɧɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɨɜɬɨɪɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɅɢɲɶ
ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɥɢɫɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɤɚɤ©ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɹªɌɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɨɱɟ
ɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɧɚɜɵɤɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟ
ɲɟɧɢɣɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɚɷɬɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɢɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɭɪɫɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɱɬɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ
ɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɭ
ɧɚɹɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɣɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɨɞɧɚɤɨɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɜɵɛɨɪɚɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɰɟɥɨɝɨ
ɪɹɞɚɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɱɟɦɢɦɟɧ
ɧɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɧɟɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɂɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢ
ɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɛɵɬɶɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɩɪɟɨɞɨ
ɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɨ
ɦɭɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭɧɟɜɚɠɧɨɩɨɤɚɤɢɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɤɟɦɢɜɤɚɤɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɤɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢȼɪɚɛɨɬɟɫɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɦɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
ɜɚɠɧɵɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢ
ɟɦɦɟɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜɤ©ɢɡɧɚɧɤɟªɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɢɫɤɨ
ɜɢɤɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɩɨɢɫɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɦɨɠɟɬɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɯɤɛɨɥɟɟɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɦɟɞɢɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɭɜɰɟɥɨɦɤɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɬɟɨ
ɪɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɩɨɹɫɧɹɹɩɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ
ɢɥɢɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɜɵɣɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɦ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɡɚɜɟɪɧɵɣɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɫɶɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɪɢɫɤɭɟɬ
ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɟɪɟɜɨ
ɞɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ
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ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
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ɉɘɄɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɆȼɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚɆɨɫɤɜɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
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ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɧɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɢɝɭɪ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɤɚɥɚɦɛɭɪɨɜɰɢɬɚɬɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɣ Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɥɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ
Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɢɦɟɟɬɭɬɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɭɸɰɟɥɶ²
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ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɩɨɷɡɢɢɢɩɪɨɡɟ ɫɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
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Ɇɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɤɨɫɦɟ
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ɫɦɵɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚ²ɷɬɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɚɫɬɪɨ
ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɢɢɦɟɧɚɥɸɞɟɣɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯª
>ɋ@ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹɢɯɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
Ⱥȼɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɨɣ>ɋ²@ȼɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣ
ɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɚɹȺȼɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɢɦɟɧɚɠɢɜɵɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯɤɚɤɠɢɜɵɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ
ɡɨɨɧɢɦɵɦɢɮɨɧɢɦɵ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɵɤɨɫɦɨɧɢɦɵɢɚɫɬɪɨɧɢɦɵɮɢɬɨ
ɧɢɦɵɯɪɟɦɚɬɨɧɢɦɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɪɬɨɜɵɟɢɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɭɱ
ɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸɢɦɟɧɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɡ
ɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɀɆɨɥɢɧɨɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɤɚɤɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɰɢɬɚɬɵ
FLWDWLRQ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɠɟɬɨɱɟɧɶ
ɞɚɥɟɤɨɨɬɫɬɨɹɬɶɨɬɧɚɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨȼɪɚɛɨɬɟ©ɂɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɹɡɵɤɚª
ɭɱɺɧɵɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸɚɧ
ɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵɢɦɟɧɚɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɚɩɩɟɥɹɬɢɜɵɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɨɜɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɥɨɞɨɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ©OHVQRPVGHSURGXLWVGHO¶DFWLYLWpKXPDLQHª ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɫɢɦɜɨ
ɥɨɜɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɟɧɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ>ɋ@ȼɟɝɨ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɥɸɛɨɦɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɭɩɪɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɨɛ
ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯɢɞɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɪɭɝɚɥɢɰɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɨɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ©HQHৼHWWRXWSHXW
GDQVFHUWDLQHVFLUFRQVWDQFHVHWSRXUXQSXEOLFGRQQp
UHFHYRLUXQQRPSURSUHª >ɋ@ɂɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɨɛɨɣɧɚɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɢɥɢɰɟɥɨɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
ɧɟɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɜɨɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɚɥɢɲɶɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɫɜɨɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ>ɋ@
Ɍɚɤɨɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɢɤɧɚɲɟɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɪɟɞɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɦɵɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ*UqJH ɲɟɥɤ±ɫɵɪɟɰ 3ULQWHPSV ɜɟɫɧɚ 7LDUH ɬɢɚɪɚ &URLVLqUH ɤɪɭɢɡ 3URPHQDGH ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɚ 'pVLU ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ (VFDSDGH
ɲɚɥɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɤɚɡɵ $LU ɜɨɡɞɭɯ $QLPDO ɡɜɟɪɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɟɱɚɬɢɯɪɨɧɨɧɢɦɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɡɞ
ɧɢɤɨɜɸɛɢɥɟɟɜɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɣɜɨɣɧɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɧɢɦɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɯ
ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɮɚɥɟɪɨɧɢɦɵ 1DWXUH ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ 0pWpRUH ɦɟɬɟɨɪ 0LHO ɦɺɞ 6DEOH
ɩɟɫɨɤ &DQQHOOH ɤɨɪɢɰɚ &DPpH ɤɚɦɟɹ 3rFKH
ɩɟɪɫɢɤ (EqQH ɷɛɟɧɨɜɨɟɞɟɪɟɜɨ ,YRLUH ɫɥɨɧɨɜɚɹ
ɤɨɫɬɶ &LHO5RVH ɪɨɡɨɜɨɟɧɟɛɨ 3UXQH7URXEODQWH
ɜɨɥɧɭɸɳɚɹɫɥɢɜɚ &RQYLFWLRQ9LROHWWH ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɟ
ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ 9HUPLOORQURXJH ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹɤɢɧɨɜɚɪɶ 5LYH*DXFKH ɥɟɜɵɣɛɟɪɟɝ 6SHQFHUURXJH ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ
ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɚɹɤɭɪɬɤɚ 2UDQJHGH&KLQH ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ
ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ 1RLU(ৼURQWp ɧɚɝɥɵɣɱɟɪɧɵɣ 6RLV
'LRU ɛɭɞɶɜɫɬɢɥɟ'LRU ɇɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɫɮɟɪɟɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɤɪɚɫɨɬɵɦɚɥɨɢɡɭɱɟ
ɧɚɐɟɥɶɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ²ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɜɫɮɟɪɟɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɤɪɚɫɨɬɵɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɢɯɤɥɚɫɫɢ
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɸɫɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɬɚɥɢɧɚɢ
ɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɛɵɥɨɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɫɚɣɬɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ
ɫɤɨɝɨɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɢɬɟɣɥɟɪɚ6(3+25$85/
KWWSZZZVHSKRUDIU
Ɉɛɳɢɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɨɫɦɟ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɵɇɟɬɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹɧɨɪ
ɦɵɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɢɡɞɜɭɯ
ɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɜɉɟɪɜɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɚɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟ
ɬɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹɫɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɵɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɫɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɢɥɢɫɬɪɨɱ
ɧɨɣ 5RXJH=LQQLD ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹɰɢɧɢɹ 0DXYH'pVLQYROWH
ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɚɹɦɚɥɶɜɚ %HLJH&ODLU ɫɜɟɬɥɨ±ɛɟɠɟ
ɜɵɣ 1RLUIXVDLQ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨ±ɱɟɪɧɵɣ 5RXJHSURIRQG
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ 5RVHLQLWLDOH ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɨɛɨɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɫɥɨɜɨ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɫɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɵɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɱɚɳɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɟɫɬɶɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɸɡɵ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɢɚɪɬɢɤɥɢ ɋɨɸɡɵɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɢɩɢɲɭɬɫɹ
ɫɨɫɬɪɨɱɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɵɚɚɪɬɢɤɥɢ²ɫɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ 1XLWHW-RXU ɞɟɧɶɢɧɨɱɶ 5RXJHGH)rWH
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɣɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ /H1X ɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɣɰɜɟɬ /H
)XFKVLD ɰɜɟɬɮɭɤɫɢɢ ȼɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯɚɪɬɢ
ɤɥɟɣɜɧɚɲɟɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɧɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɨɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɜɫɮɟɪɟ
ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɤɪɚɫɨɬɵɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ
Ɋɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚɯ ɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɧɨɜɚɯɪɭɦɹɧɚɯɬɟɧɹɯɞɥɹɝɥɚɡ
ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɚɯɞɥɹɝɥɚɡɝɭɛɛɪɨɜɟɣɢɬɞ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ&KDQHO/DQF{PH<YHV6DLQW/DXUHQW
'LRU*XHUODLQ
ɉɘɄɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
Ɉɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹªɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɊɟɱɶɢɞɟɬ
ɨɬɧ©ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢªɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɵɪɚɠɚ
ɟɬɫɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦɧɚɬɭɢɥɢɢɧɭɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɱɟ
ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɱɟɪɬɭ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɢɥɢɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɞ Ɍɚɤɨɣɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɤɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ
Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɭɱɚɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨ
ɬɢɜɚɰɢɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɑɚɫɬɨɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɹɦɨ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɬɟɨɧɨɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɟɝɨ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹɩɨɦɚɞɚɧɚɡɵ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ5RXJH ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɱɚɫɬɨ
ɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɢɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɬɬɟɧɨɤɬɟɧɟɣɧɨɫɢɬɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
)UDVTXH ɩɪɨɤɚɡɵɩɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢɩɨɦɚɞ
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ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ 3RLVRQ0DW ɦɚɬɨɜɵɣɹɞ 3RLVRQ
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ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ²ɤɚɤɧɟɱɬɨɩɪɢɬɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɨɥɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɢɯɛɥɸɞ
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ɤɨɜɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
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ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɩɨɰɜɟɬɭɫɬɟɦ
ɢɥɢɢɧɵɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚ 5DLVLQ
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ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɫɪɟɞɢɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɤɚɤɭɠɟɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ 5RVH
ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ 3rFKH ɩɟɪɫɢɤɨɜɵɣ ,YRLUH ɰɜɟɬɫɥɨɧɨ
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ɢɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
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ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɧɚɲɟɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ
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ɰɢɚɰɢɢɧɨɢɩɪɢɬɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
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ɜɫɟɝɨɞɥɹɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɉɘɄɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ȻȻɄ
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ɇȿɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿɂɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɇɕȿɅȿɄɋȿɆɕ
ɋɂɇɈɇɂɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɊəȾɈȼȼɊɍɋɋɄɈɆɂɍɁȻȿɄɋɄɈɆəɁɕɄȺɏ
ȻɒɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɦɢɪɨɜɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɪɹɞɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɫɬɨɱɤɢ
ɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɜɍɞɟɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸɱɚɫɬɟɪɟɱɧɨɣɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɱɥɟɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɌɚɤɠɟɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɨɣɢɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɨɣ
ɚɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɬɪɚ
ɠɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɝɧɟɡɞɨ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɥɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɬɨɠ
ɞɟɫɬɜɟɢɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɢɯɷɤɫ
ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɢɡɫɥɨɜɪɚɡ
ɥɢɱɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɟɪɟɱɧɨɣɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɢɯɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɦɟɧɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɢ
ɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɢɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɂɡɧɢɯ
ɫɚɦɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ©ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ
ɧɭɸɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɱɟɝɨɦɧɨɝɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɵ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɦɟɸɬɨɬ
ɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪª>ɋ@
ɇɚɲɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞɫɥɨɜɚɁɚɩɨɫɥɟɞ
ɧɢɟɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɩɨɬɪɟ
ɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢȼɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɬɚɤɢɯɤɚɤȾɇɒɦɟɥɟɜ
ɅȺɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɘȾȺɩɪɟɫɹɧɱɚɫɬɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞª ɋɊ >ɋ
ɋɋ@
ȼɪɚɛɨɬɚɯȺɇɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɚɢȺɋɉɚɪɞɚɟɜɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɥɟɤ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ȺɇɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚªɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɫɢɧɨ
ɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ>ɋ@
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɜɫɟɫɥɨɜɚɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸɫɜɹɡɶɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɛɴ
ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɉȺɅɟɤɚɧɬɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɷɬɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɬɢɩɨɜɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ
ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɝɢɩɟɪɨɝɢɩɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɥɟɤɫɢ
ɤɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɝɪɭɩɩɚɫɥɨɜɉɨɟɝɨɦɧɟɧɢɸ
©ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɤɚɤ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɢɲɶɩɭɬɟɦɜɡɚɢɦ
ɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɢɥɢɅɋȼɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯɫɥɨɜª>ɋ@
Ɇɵɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɫɹɦɧɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɱɥɟɧɵɫɢ
ɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣ
ɜɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚɢɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɦɨɠɧɨ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢ
ɂɬɚɤɞɥɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɁɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɱɬɨɱɥɟɧɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣɠɟɱɚɫɬɢ
ɪɟɱɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɢɡɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹɤɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɥɚ
ɫɬɚɦɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɢɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ
ɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɫɢɧɨ
ɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɋɷɬɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɜɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɚɯɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵɧɟɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɈɞɧɚɤɨɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɧɚɛɨɪ
ɫɥɨɜɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɢɯɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɧɨɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚȺɉȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ ɋɋȿ >@ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɪɹɞɵ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɫɥɨɜɜɫɥɨ
ɇɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɰɟɩɢɯɨɬɹɦɟɫɬɚɦɢɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸȺɋɉɚɪɞɚɟɜɚ©ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɚɦɞɟɥɹɬɫɹɧɚɬɪɢɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ
ɋɊɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɋɊɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɋɊɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜª
>ɋ@
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɪɹɞɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɩɭɬɟɦ
ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣɜɵɛɨɪɤɢɄɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɹɞɨɜɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɜɋɋȿɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɨɛɳɟɦɭ
ɨɛɴɟɦɭɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ
Ȼɥɟɫɬɟɬɶɛɥɢɫɬɚɬɶɫɜɟɪɤɚɬɶɫɢɹɬɶ
Ȼɪɨɫɚɬɶɤɢɞɚɬɶɦɟɬɚɬɶ
Ȼɪɵɡɝɚɬɶɩɪɵɫɤɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ȼɟɹɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɛɟɡɥ ɞɵɲɚɬɶɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɛɟɡɥ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɥ ȼɢɥɹɬɶɜɟɪɬɟɬɶ
ȼɢɬɶɤɪɭɬɢɬɶ
ȼɥɟɱɶɬɹɧɭɬɶɦɚɧɢɬɶ
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɜɨɪɨɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ Ƚɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɬɪɹɩɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ Ƚɪɵɡɬɶɝɥɨɞɚɬɶ
Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɶɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
Ⱦɭɲɢɬɶɞɚɜɢɬɶ
Ɂɧɚɬɶɜɟɞɚɬɶ
ɂɦɟɬɶɜɥɚɞɟɬɶɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ
Ʉɚɬɚɬɶɜɚɥɹɬɶ
Ʉɚɱɚɬɶɤɢɞɚɬɶɛɪɨɫɚɬɶɲɜɵɪɹɬɶɛɨɥɬɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɝ ɦɨɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɜɚɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɬɪɟɩɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ Ʉɨɜɵɪɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɤɨɥɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ Ʉɨɪɦɢɬɶɩɢɬɚɬɶ
Ʉɨɪɨɛɢɬɶɤɨɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ Ʉɨɪɱɢɬɶɤɨɪɨɛɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɤɨɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɤɪɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ Ʌɢɲɢɬɶɨɬɧɹɬɶɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ Ʌɟɡɬɶɤɚɪɚɛɤɚɬɶɫɹ
Ʌɨɦɚɬɶɤɪɭɲɢɬɶ
Ʌɸɛɢɬɶɨɛɨɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɭɜɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɇɟɫɬɢɬɚɳɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɩɟɪɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɉɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɉɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɨɛɨɪɨɬɢɬɶɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɨɛɟɪɧɭɬɶ
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɶɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ
ɉɪɵɝɚɬɶɫɤɚɤɚɬɶ
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ
Ɋɟɲɢɬɶɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
Ɋɭɛɢɬɶɜɚɥɢɬɶ
ɋɤɨɛɥɢɬɶɫɤɪɟɫɬɢ
ɋɩɚɫɬɢɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɍɞɚɪɢɬɶɝɪɹɧɭɬɶ
ɑɚɯɧɭɬɶɯɢɪɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɑɟɫɚɬɶɫɤɪɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɝ ɒɢɬɶɬɚɱɚɬɶ
ɉɨɧɚɲɢɦɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦɜɞɜɭɯɬɨɦɚɯɋɋȿɧɚ
ɛɪɚɥɨɫɶɨɤɨɥɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɨɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ȼ©ɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚªȺɇɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɚ ɋɋɌ >@ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɨɬɧɢɯɫɥɨɜ
Ⱥɋɉɚɪɞɚɟɜɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɱɬɨ©ɟɫɥɢ
ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɝɧɟɡɞɨɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɰɟɩɶɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɬɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɵɣɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɬɨɷɬɨɢɟɫɬɶɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɡɜɟɧɨɜɢɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹª>ɋ@
ȿɫɥɢɭɱɟɫɬɶɱɬɨɜɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡ
ɞɚɯɜɫɟ©ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɧɵɦɢª>Ɍ,ɋ@ɢɨɧɢɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɸɬɝɧɟɡɞɚ
ɬɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɠɟɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡɞɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟȺɇɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɚɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɜɋɋȿɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɨɛɳɟɦɭ
ɱɢɫɥɭɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡɞɜɋɋɌɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɤɨɥɨ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɜɵɜɨɞɵɨɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɧɟɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɧɚɦɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɹɜɧɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ
ɱɬɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɵɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɨɜɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɟɫɨɜɟɪ
ɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚȼɷɬɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɟɹɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡɞ ɋȽ ɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɩɟɣ ɋɐ ɬɨɟɫɬɶɢɫ
ɯɨɞɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɋȽɞɨɥɠɧɨɢɦɟɬɶɮɨɪ
ɦɭɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɢɬɶ²ɜɵɛɢɬɶ²ɜɵɛɢɜɚɬɶ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɜɩɪɢɜɟ
ɞɟɧɧɵɯɜɵɲɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɚɯɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ
ɢɦɟɸɬɮɨɪɦɭɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɚ
ɜɨɱɧɵɟɧɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɟɧɟɱɥɟɧɢɦɵɟɉɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ
ɨɧɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɟɢɥɢɬɪɟɯɱɥɟɧɧɵɟɅɢɲɶ
ɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɢɫ
ɯɨɞɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɢɦɟɟɬɮɨɪɦɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚ
ɨɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɜɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɪɹɞɭɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɢɯɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɵɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
Ʌɢɲɢɬɶɨɬɧɹɬɶɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɇɟɫɨɜɥɢɲɚɬɶɨɬɧɢɦɚɬɶɪɟɲɚɬɶ
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɜɨɪɨɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɇɟɫɨɜɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɶɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɥɢɱɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɇɟɫɨɜɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɨ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ
ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚ
ɪɚɞɢɝɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɈɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɤɚɤ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɬɚɤɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
Ɋɟɡɚɬɶɤɨɥɨɬɶɛɢɬɶɡɚɛɢɜɚɬɶ
ɋɨɜɡɚɪɟɡɚɬɶɩɪɢɪɟɡɚɬɶɡɚɤɨɥɨɬɶɡɚɛɢɬɶ
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɬɦɟɱɚɬɶ
ɋɨɜɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɬɦɟ
ɬɢɬɶ
ɋɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ɋɨɜɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧ
ɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ȼɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɚɯɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɚɬɶɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨ
ɜɚɬɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɢɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɬɶɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɝɨɜɢɞɚ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶɢɡɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɟɪɟɠɢɥɢɨɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɢɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɧɵɦɢɚɝɥɚɝɨɥɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ²ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦȼɫɟ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ²ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɇɚɩɟɪɜɵɣɜɡɝɥɹɞ
ɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɱɬɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨɬɨɫɧɨɜɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɇɨɩɨɋɋɌ
ɨɧɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɪɚɡɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɝɧɟɡɞɚɦɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɬɝɧɟɡɞɨɚɜɦɟ
ɫɬɢɬɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɩɚɪɚ
ɞɢɝɦɭɫɥɨɜɚɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɟɪɟɠɢɥɨɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟȾɚɧɧɨɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɝɧɟɡɞɚɦ
ɬɚɤɤɚɤɜɧɢɯɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɭɸɪɨɥɶɢɝɪɚɟɬɥɟɤɫɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚ
Ɍɚɤɠɟɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɣɱɥɟɧɢɦɵɣɝɥɚɝɨɥɹɜɧɵɦɜɵ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɫɬɮɢɤɫɚɢɥɢɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɬɞɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɋɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹɜɨɟɜɚɬɶɛɢɬɶɫɹɞɪɚɬɶɫɹɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹ
Ɍɚɳɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɝ ɬɹɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɝ ɩɨɥɡɬɢ ɪɚɡɝ Ȼɢɬɶɫɹɤɨɥɨɬɢɬɶɫɹɬɪɟɩɵɯɚɬɶɫɹɬɪɟɩɟɬɚɬɶɫɹ
ɢɬɪɟɩɟɬɚɬɶ
ȼɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɬɪɟɯɪɹɞɚɯɢɦɟɸɬɫɹɩɨɨɞɧɨ
ɦɭɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɦɭɝɥɚɝɨɥɭ ɜɨɟɜɚɬɶɩɨɥɡɬɢ
ȻɒɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɬɪɟɩɟɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɥɟɧɵɪɹɞɚɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɜɨɡ
ɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɚɮɮɢɤɫɚ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜȼɫɢ
ɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɚ
ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɢɛɥɢɡɤɢɟɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢɧɨɱɚɫɬɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ
©ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣª²ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɄɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɸ
ɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɜɢɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɭɸɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɸ
Ɍɚɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɦɨɝɭɬɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ
ɢɡɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚ
Ȼɪɚɬɶɫɹɯɜɚɬɚɬɶɫɹɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɭɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɫɹ ɪɚɡɝ ɋɨɜɜɡɹɬɶɫɹɫɯɜɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɭɯɜɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ȼɡɜɢɬɶɜɡɜɟɹɬɶɜɡɜɢɯɪɢɬɶɜɡɞɭɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɜɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɜɡɜɟɜɚɬɶɜɡɜɢɯɪɢɬɶɜɡɞɭɜɚɬɶ
ȼɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɥɨɜɚɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɦɢɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɚɫɱɟɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ
ȼɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɫɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɦɢɭ
ɪɚɡɨɬɫɩɨɡɚɜɡɨɛɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ
ɫɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢȾɚɧɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɧɚɲ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞɦɨɠɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɤɚɤɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɭɸɫɢ
ɧɨɧɢɦɢɸɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɨɜ
ɍɝɚɞɚɬɶɪɚɡɝɚɞɚɬɶɨɬɝɚɞɚɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɭɝɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɨɬɝɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ
ɍɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɩɨɪɚɜɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɇɟɫɨɜɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɭɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ
ɍɬɨɩɢɬɶɡɚɬɨɩɢɬɶɩɨɬɨɩɢɬɶ
ȼɡɧɭɡɞɚɬɶɨɛɭɡɞɚɬɶɡɚɧɭɡɞɚɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɜɡɧɭɡɞɵɜɚɬɶɨɛɭɡɞɵɜɚɬɶɡɚɧɭɡɞɵɜɚɬɶ
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɜɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɡɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɫɬɮɢɤɫɚɫɹɢɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ
ɧɢɱɚɢɪɨɜɚɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɭɸɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɸɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ
ȼɥɸɛɢɬɶɫɹɭɜɥɟɱɶɫɹɩɨɥɸɛɢɬɶɜɬɸɪɢɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬ ɜɥɨɩɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɜɬɪɟɫɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɜɪɟɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɇɟɫɨɜɜɥɸɛɥɹɬɶɫɹɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ
Ʉɚɩɪɢɡɧɢɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɜɟɪɟɞɧɢɱɚɬɶɮɨɤɭɫɧɢɱɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɝ ɋɚɦɨɜɨɥɶɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɫɜɨɟɜɨɥɶɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɜɨɥɶɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɝ ɇɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɝɪɭɩ
ɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɋɨɜɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɨɜɗɬɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɨɣɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɪɚɡɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɜɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɪɹɞɚɯɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɚɬɶɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ
ɋɨɜȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɜɨɡɪɨɞɢɬɶɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɜɨɡ
ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚ
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɢɞɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɨɜɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɱɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɢɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɬɚɤɤɚɤɜɋɋɌɜɢɞɨɜɵɟɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɵ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɞɚɧɵɤɚɤɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɵɢɨɧɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɨ
ɢɯɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɨɜ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɭɫɢɥɢɬɶɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶɭɞɜɨɢɬɶɭɬɪɨ
ɢɬɶɭɞɟɫɹɬɟɪɢɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶɦɧɨɠɢɬɶɭɦ
ɧɨɠɚɬɶɭɞɜɚɢɜɚɬɶɭɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɭɞɟɫɹɬɟɪɹɬɶ
ȼɵɛɢɬɶɜɵɤɨɥɨɬɢɬɶ
ɇɟɫɨɜɜɵɛɢɜɚɬɶɜɵɤɨɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ȼɵɧɨɫɢɬɶɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶɜɵɤɢɞɵɜɚɬɶɜɵɩɥɟ
ɫɤɢɜɚɬɶ
ɋɨɜɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɜɵɛɪɨɫɢɬɶɜɵɤɢɧɭɬɶɜɵɩɥɟɫ
ɧɭɬɶ
ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɩɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭɩɨɫɬɪɨ
ɟɧɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɭɡ
ɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȾɥɹɢɯɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɦɢɛɵɥɜɵ
ɛɪɚɧɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜȺɏɨɞɠɢɟɜɚ>@Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ
ɢɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɫɢɧɨ
ɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦȾɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧ
ɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɜɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɦɵ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶɤɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɸȻɆɟɧɝɥɢɟɜɚ>@ɗɬɨɬɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɜɧɟɦɩɪɢ
ɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɠɟɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɝɧɟɡɞɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜȼɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɢ²ɨɬɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɪɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɢɦɟɟɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɜɨɫɧɨɜ
ɧɨɦɚɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ
ɫɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ±ɦɨԕɚɬɚɤɠɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɧɟɦ
ɜɮɨɪɦɟɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ
ɬɚɪɜɦɟɫɬɨɚɯɬɚɪɦɨΙɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɮɨɪɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɢɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɣɰɟɩɢɗɬɨɟɳɟɪɚɡɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ
ɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɧɚɟɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɟɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɜɭɡ
ɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɚɤɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɜɫɟɛɹ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɯɠɟɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ
ɱɬɨɛɵɥɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɂɬɚɤɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
Ⱥɏɨɞɠɢɟɜɚ ɋɋɏ ɨɧɢɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɜɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧ
ɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɬɨɟɫɬɶɜɮɨɪɦɟɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɚ
Ⱥɣɧɢɦɨԕɛɭɡɢɥɦɨԕ
Ⱥɧԕɚɣɦɨԕɚɧɝɪɚɣɦɨԕɚԑɪɚɣɦɨԕ
Ⱥɫɪɚɦɨԕɫɚԕɥɚɦɨԕ
Ⱥԑɚɧɚɦɨԕɸɦɚɥɚɦɨԕ ɞɭɦɚɥɚɦɨԕ Ȼɟɪɦɨԕɛɚɯɲɷɬɦɨԕɚɬɨԕɢɥɦɨԕɛɚԑɢɲɥɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɫɢɧԕɢɪɚɦɨԕɚɥɚԟɥɚɦɨԕɚɥɚԟɫɢɪɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɢɬɢɪɦɨԕɬɭɝɚɬɦɨԕɬɭɝɚɥɥɚɦɨԕɬɚɦɨɦɥɚɦɨԕ
ɬɚɦɨɦԕɢɥɦɨԕɚɞɨԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ʉɟɫɦɨԕԕɢɪԕɦɨԕɱɨɩɦɨԕ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɟɨɬɴ
ɚɞɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢ
ɪɭɟɬɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɜɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɭɡ
ɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɉɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɨɧɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ
ɢɬɪɟɯɱɥɟɧɧɵɟȼɜɢɞɭɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɨɬ
ɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɝɪɭɩɩɟɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɧɟɦ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɩɪɢɟɦɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢɢɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧ
ɧɵɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɪɟɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɜɢɞɚɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ©ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟª
ɪɹɞɵɜɢɞɨɜɵɯɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɨɜɇɚɪɚɜɧɟɫɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵΙɢɥ
ɷɬɚɣɥɚȼɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɫɨɬɵɦɟɧɧɵɦɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ
ɨɧɢɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɪɹɞɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȻɟɪɦɨԕɛɚɯɲɷɬɦɨԕɚɬɨԕɢɥɦɨԕ
ɛɚԑɢɲɥɚɦɨԕ
Ⱥɦɚɥԕɢɥɦɨԕɪɢɨɹԕɢɥɦɨԕ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɢɦɟɸɬɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢɨɬɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɡɚɥɨɝɚɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɉɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɍɌɭɪɫɭɧɨɜɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɢɦɟɟɬ
ɡɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɛɨɲɧɢɫɛɚɬ²ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɥɨɝ
ʆɡɥɢɤɧɢɫɛɚɬɢ²ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɵɣɡɚɥɨɝ ɦɚɠԟɭɥ
ɧɢɫɛɚɬ²ɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɡɚɥɨɝ ɛɢɪɝɚɥɢɤɧɢɫ
ɛɚɬɢ²ɡɚɥɨɝɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɬɬɢɪɦɚɧɢɫɛɚɬ²
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɵɣɡɚɥɨɝ>ɋ@
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ
ɢɡɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚ
Ȼʆɲɚɬɦɨԕɨɡɨɞԕɢɥɦɨԕԕʆɣɢɛɸɛɨɪɦɨԕ
Ⱥɠɪɚɬɦɨԕɚɣɢɪɦɨԕ
Ⱥɣɥɚɧɦɨԕɫɚɣɪɷɬɦɨԕɤɟɡɦɨԕ
Ⱥɥɞɚɦɨԕɥɚԕɢɥɥɚɬɦɨԕɚɜɪɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɟɥɚɦɨԕ ɛɟɥɚɲɬɢɪɦɨԕ ԕɨɪɦɨԕ ԕɨɪɢɲɬɢɪɦɨԕ ɛɭɥԑɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɩɥɚɦɨԕ ԕɨɣɢɥ ԕɢɥɦɨԕ ԕɨɣɢɥɥɚɬɦɨԕ
ʆɯɲɚɬɦɨԕʆɪɢɧɥɚɬɦɨԕɤɟɥɢɲɬɢɪɦɨԕԕɨɬɢɪɦɨԕ
ɞʆɧɞɢɪɦɨԕԕɢɣɦɨԕɷɲɦɨԕɦɨɧɞɚɥɚɦɨԕɹɫɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɚɠɚɪɦɨԕɚɞɨɷɬɦɨԕɛɢɬɢɪɦɨԕʆɪɢɧɥɚ ɬ ɦɨԕ
ɞʆɧɞɢɪɦɨԕʆɬɚɦɨԕɛɚɠɨԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɲԕɚɪɦɨԕɢɞɨɪɚԕɢɥɦɨԕɫʆɪɚɦɨԕ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɦɨ
ɝɭɬɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɥɨɝɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟɩɭɬɟɦɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
ɧɨɦɭɝɥɚɝɨɥɭɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵȿɫɥɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɮ
ɮɢɤɫɨɦɫɹɬɨɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɨɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɥɢ ɲ ɢ ɧ ɥɚɧɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ
Ʉɟɪɢɥɦɨԕɤɟɤɤɚɣɦɨԕɝɟɪɞɚɣɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɫɢɥɦɨԕɬʆɯɬɚɦɨԕɬɢɧɦɨԕԕɨɥɦɨԕԕʆɣɦɨԕ
Ⱥɣɪɢɥɦɨԕɚɠɪɚ ɥ ɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɲɥɚɦɨԕɤɢɪɢɲɦɨԕɬɭɬɢɧɦɨԕ
Ȼʆɲɚɲɦɨԕɲɚɥɜɢɪɚɦɨԕɲɚɥɩɚɣɦɨԕ
Ȼɟɤɢɧɦɨԕɹɲɢɪɢɧɦɨԕɩɢɫɦɨԕɛɢԕɢɧɦɨԕ
Ɍɨɪɬɢɧɦɨԕԕɢɦɬɢɧɦɨԕɢɣɦɚɧɦɨԕ
Ɉɞɚɬɥɚɧɦɨԕɨɞɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕʆɪɝɚɧɦɨԕ
Ʉʆɧɢɤɦɨԕʆɪɝɚɧɦɨԕɨɞɚɬɥɚɧɦɨԕɨɞɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕ
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɦɢ ± ɢ ɥɢ ɧ ɥɚɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚɈɞɧɚɤɨɷɬɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞ
ɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦ
ȻɒɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɞɥɹɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɪɹɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɢɥɢɤɧɢɦɩɪɢɫɨɟ
ɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȺɣɧɢɦɨԕɛɭɡɢɥɦɨԕɋɪɛɭɡɢɥɝɚɧ²ɢɫɩɨɪɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɛɭɡɢɥɝɚɧ²ɫɧɟ
ɫɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ Ɇɚɴɥɭɦɛʆɥɦɨԕɛɢɥɢɧɦɨԕɚɧɢԕɥɚɧɦɨԕɚɺɧ
ɛʆɥɦɨԕ
Ɍɚɣɺɪɥɚɧɦɨԕԟɨɡɢɪɥɚɧɦɨԕɲɚɣɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɨɬɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɉɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɋɉɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚ
ɬɚɣɺɪɥɚɦɨԕԟɨɡɢɪɥɚɦɨԕɲɚɣɥɚɦɨԕɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɪɹɞɚɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɞɧɚɤɨɨɧɢɡɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɚɨɬɥɚɧɦɨΙɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ
ɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚɋɪɬɚɣɺɪɥɚɦɨԕ²ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɩɢɳɭ ɬɚɣɺɪɥɚɧɦɨԕ²ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɬɚɣɺɪɥɚɧɦɨԕ²ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɭɮ
ɮɢɤɫɨɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɇɚɪɚɜɧɟɫɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɚɧɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɹɜɧɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɬɨɟɫɬɶɤɚɠ
ɞɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɹɳɢɯɌɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɡɞɟɫɶɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɧɨɢɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ
ɢɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹ
Ⱥɱɱɢԕɥɚɧɦɨԕԑɚɡɚɛɥɚɧɦɨԕԕɚɯɪɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟȺɱɱɢԕԑɚɡɚɛԕɚɯɪ
Ɂɚɜԕɥɚɧɦɨԕɦɚɪɨԕɥɚɧɦɨԕɲɚɜԕɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟɁɚɜԕɦɚɪɨԕɲɚɜԕ
Ɇɚԑɪɭɪɥɚɧɦɨԕԑɭɪɭɪɥɚɧɦɨԕɤɢɛɪɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ԟɚɜɨɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɇɨɥɢɦɨԕɲɢɤɨɹɬɥɚɧɦɨԕɲɢɤɨɹɬԕɢɥɦɨԕ
ɡɨɪɥɚɧɦɨԕԟɚɫɪɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟɇɨɥɢɲ
ɲɢɤɨɹɬԟɚɫɪɚɬ
ȼɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɥɢɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦɥɚɧɢɥɢɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ȼɟɡɨɜɬɚɥɚɧɦɨԕɛɟɡɨɜɬɚɛʆɥɦɨԕɛɟɬɨԕɚɬɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɬɨԕɚɬɫɢɡɥɚɧɦɨԕɛɟɬɨԕɚɬɛʆɥɦɨԕɛɟɬɢɧɱɥɚɧɦɨԕ
ɬɢɧɱɫɢɡɥɚɧɦɨԕɛɟɬɢɧɱɛʆɥɦɨԕ
Ɋɨԟɚɬɥɚɧɦɨԕɪɨԟɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕԟɭɡɭɪɥɚɧɦɨԕԟɭɡɭɪ
ԕɢɥɦɨԕɦɚɡɚԕɢɥɦɨԕɥɚɡɡɚɬɥɚɧɦɨԕɥɚɡɡɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸ
ɳɢɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɉɪɢɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɵɢ ɲ ɥɚɲɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢ
ɇɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɹɞɨɜɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɦɵɤɚɸɬɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɤɚɤɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɬɚɤɢɧɟɩɟɪɟ
ɯɨɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɌɚɤɠɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɜɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɧɭ
ɬɪɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɍɪɢɲɦɨԕɨɥɢɲɦɨԕɺԕɚɥɚɲɦɨԕɫɨɥɢɲɦɨԕ
ɦɭɲɬɥɚɲɦɨԕɫʆԕɢɲɦɨԕɬɚɲɚɲɦɨԕ
ɋ ɚ ɥɨɦ ɥ ɚ ɲ ɦɨԕ ɫ ʆ ɪ ɚ ɲ ɦɨԕ ɤ ʆ ɪɢ ɲ ɦɨԕ ɨɦɨɧɥɚɲɦɨԕɫɚɥɨɦɚɥɢɤԕɢɥɢɲɦɨԕ
ȼɚɴɞɚ ɥɚɲɦɨԕ ɚԟ ɞ ɥɚɲɦɨԕ ɚԟ ɞɩɚɣɦɨɧ
ԕɢɥɢɲɦɨԕɤɟɥɢɲɦɨԕɛɢɬɢɲɦɨԕ
Ⱦɚɪɞɥɚɲɦɨԕԟɚɫɪɚɬɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ɂɧɨԕɥɚɲɦɨԕɚԟɢɥɥɚɲɦɨԕɬɨɬɭɜɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ԕɚɞɪɞɨɧɥɚɲɦɨԕɢɬɬɢɮɨԕɥɚɲɦɨԕԕɚɥɢɧɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɢɡɧɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɧɵɯɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ
Ȼʆɲɚɦɨԕɬɭɲɦɨԕɨɥɢɧɦɨԕɨɡɨɞԕɢɥɢɧɦɨԕ
ɛɟɤɨɪɛʆɥɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɬɢɧɦɨԕɠɭɪɴɚɬɷɬɦɨԕɠɚɫɨɪɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕɸɪɚɤ
ԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ȼɨɫɢɧԕɢɪɚɦɨԕɚɥɚԟɥɚɦɨԕɚɥɚԟɫɢɪɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɭɸɪɦɨԕɚɦɪɷɬɦɨԕ
Ƚɚ ɧ ɝ ɢ ɦɨԕ ɞɨɜɞ ɢ ɪ ɚ ɦɨԕ ɷ ɫ ɚ ɧ ɤ ɢ ɪ ɚ ɦɨԕ ɝ ɚ ɪ ɚ ɧ ɝ ɫ ɢ ɦɨԕ ɝ ɚ ɧ ɝ ɪ ɚ ɦɨԕ ɤ ɚ ɥɨɜ ɥ ɚ ɧ ɦɨԕ ɦɟɧɝɪɨɜɫɢɦɨԕɬɚɥɦɨɜɫɢɪɚɦɨԕɨɛɞɢɪɚɦɨԕ
Ƚɢɧɚԕɢɥɦɨԕɺɡԑɢɪɦɨԕʆɩɤɚɥɚɦɨԕ
Ⱦɚɜɨɥɚɦɨԕɬɭɡɚɬɦɨԕ
Ⱦɚɣɞɢɫɚɧԕɢ
Ⱦɚ ɣ ɞ ɢ ɦɨԕ ɫɚ ɧ ԕ ɢ ɦɨԕ ɫɚ ɧ ɞ ɢ ɪɨԕ ɥɚ ɦɨԕ ɬɟɧɬɢɪɚɦɨԕɥɚԕɢɥɥɚɦɨԕɫɚɥɚɧɝɥɚɦɨԕɫɚɤɢɥɥɚɦɨԕ
ɂɫɬɚɦɨԕɯɨԟɥɚɦɨԕɬɭɫɚɦɨԕɨɪɡɭɥɚɦɨԕɨɪɡɭ
ԕɢɥɦɨԕɬɢɥɚɦɨԕɢԟɬɢɺɪԕɢɥɦɨԕɫɨԑɢɧɦɨԕ
ɂɲɥɚɦɨԕɦɟԟɧɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕɯɢɡɦɚɬԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ⱥɪɚɥɚɲɦɨԕԕʆɲɢɥɦɨԕԕɨɬɢɲɦɨԕɫɭԕɢɥɦɨԕ
Ȼɚɥɚɧɞɥɚɦɨԕ ɸԕɨɪɢɥɚɦɨԕ ɤʆɬɚɪɢɥɦɨԕ
ʆɪɥɚɦɨԕ
Ȼɚɯɫɥɚɲɦɨԕɬɨɪɬɢɲɦɨԕɦɭɧɨɡɚɪɚɥɚɲɦɨԕɦɭ
ɧɨɡɚɪɚԕɢɥɦɨԕɬɚɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣɱɟɪɬɨɣɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨ
ɱɬɨɜɧɢɯɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɚɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɟɪɟɱɧɨɣɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚȺɪɚɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ԕʆɲɢɥɦɨԕԕɨɬɢɲɦɨԕɫɭԕɢɥɦɨԕɢɦɟɟɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɶ
ɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɬɨɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵȻɚɯɫɥɚɲɦɨԕ
ɬɨɪɬɢɲɦɨԕɦɭɧɨɡɚɪɚɥɚɲɦɨԕɦɭɧɨɡɚɪɚԕɢɥɦɨԕ
ɬɚɥɚɲɦɨԕɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɨɬɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɚɦɢ ɨɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɛɚɯɫɦɭɧɨɡɚɪɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ
ɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚɬɢɪɞɢɪɬ
ɝɢɡɢɡɤɢɡԕɢɡɢɪɚɪɢɡɚɡɗɬɢɝɥɚɝɨ
ɥɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɟɧɟɫɚɦɢɦ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɚɱɟɪɟɡɟɝɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɞɪɭɝɢɦɥɢɰɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɚɠɚɪɬɢɪɦɨΙɺɡɞɢɪɦɨΙɤɢɣɝɢɡɦɨΙ
ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɟɥɟɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɧɚ
ɩɢɫɚɬɶɨɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɢɬɞɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨ
ɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɨɧɢ
ɩɨɱɬɢɧɟɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɌɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɥɚɝɨɥɜɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɢɦɟɟɬɞɜɚɡɚɥɨɝɚ²ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢɷɬɢ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɛɭɞɟɬɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɟɬɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɚɥɨɝɚɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɢɦɟɟɬɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɳɟɝɨɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɋɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɪɹɞɵɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢɯɦɨɠɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ
ɢɡɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɢɯɜɢɞɨɜɵɦɢɤɨɪ
ɪɟɥɹɬɚɦɢɱɬɨɧɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɜɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɜɢɞɚ
ȼɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɨɩɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬɚɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɚɜɨ
ɦɟɪɧɨɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɫɭɮ
ɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɞɥɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɜɢɞɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɜɫɢ
ɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɧɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɨɞ
ɧɨɝɨɝɧɟɡɞɚɜɜɢɞɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɢɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɨɜɢɦɟɠɞɭɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɝɧɟɡɞɚɦɢɤɚɤ
ɦɟɠɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɹɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹ
ȻɒɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɩɪɟɫɹɧɘȾɅɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɚ²Ɇ©ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚªɊȺɇ²ɫ
ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɅȺɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ²Ɇȼɵɫɲɚɹɲɤɨɥɚ²ɫ
ɉɚɪɞɚɟɜȺɋəɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɌɚɲɤɟɧɬ08072=62¶=²ɫ
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɉɨɞɪɟɞȺɉȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɨɣ²ɆȺɫɬɪɟɥɶ²ȺɋɌɌ
,²ɫɌ,,²ɫ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɉɨɞɪɟɞɉȺɅɟɤɚɧɬɚ²ɆȾɪɨɮɚ²ɫ
ɌɢɯɨɧɨɜȺɇɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɯɬ²ɆɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
7,²ɫ7,,²F
ɌɢɯɨɧɨɜȺɇɉɚɪɞɚɟɜȺɋɊɨɥɶɝɧɟɡɞɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ
ɈɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɈɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɹɈɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɹ²ɌɚɲɤɟɧɬɎɚɧ²ɫ
ɒɦɟɥɟɜȾɇ&ɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɅɟɤɫɢɤɚ²Ɇɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ²ɫ
ɆɟɧɝɥɢɟɜȻȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɢɧɢɧɝɫʆɡɹɫɚɥɢɲɢʆԕɭɜɥɭԑɚɬɢɌɨɲɤɟɧɬəɧɝɢɚɫɪɚɜɥɨɞɢ²ɛ
ɌɭɪɫɭɧɨɜɍɆɭɯɬɨɪɨɜȺɊɚԟɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜɒԞɨɡɢɪɝɢʆɡɛɟɤɚɞɚɛɢɣɬɢɥɢɌɨɲɤɟɧɬȸɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɨɧ
²ɛ
ԞɨɠɢɟɜȺȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɥɚɪɢɧɢɧɝɢɡɨԟɥɢɥɭԑɚɬɢɌɨɲɤɟɧɬȸԕɢɬɭɜɱɢ²ɛ
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ɋɄɊɕɌȺəɊȿɑȿȼȺəɋɌɊȺɌȿȽɂə
©ɈɐȿɇɂȼȺɇɂȿɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɌɂȼɇɈȽɈɍɋɉȿɏȺ
ɊȿɑȿȼɈȽɈȼɁȺɂɆɈȾȿɃɋɌȼɂəɈɌɉɊȺȼɂɌȿɅəɂɉɈɅɍɑȺɌȿɅəª
ȽȽɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ ȽɂɆɹɫɢɳɟɜ ɘɉɏɨɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɚɹ
ȾɨɧɫɤɨɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɘɠɧɵɣɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭɊɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɜɚɹɫɤɪɵɬɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɢɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɟɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣȾɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɷɬɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɟɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɈɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɛɥɨɝɨɜɍɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɜɫɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɵ ɛɥɨɝɟɪɵɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɢɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɦɂɡɢɯɜɵɛɨɪɚɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ¶ɟɞɢɧɢɰɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɚȼɞɚɧ
ɧɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɜɤɚɤɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɛɥɨɝɟɪɨɜȾɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɫɤɪɵɬɚɹɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɨɰɟɧɢ
ɜɚɧɢɟɜɪɟɱɢ
ɐɟɥɶɸɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭɧɨɜɨɣɫɤɪɵɬɨɣɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ©Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɢɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹª ɞɚɥɟɟ²ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚ Ⱦɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɨɡ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɜɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣɧɨɜɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɭ
ɠɢɥɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢɧɚɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɛɥɨɝɚɯɞɟɫɹɬɢ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣȻȺɤɭɧɢɧɚɄȺɀɭɤɨɜɚ
ȾȺɆɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚɋȾɆɢɪɨɧɨɜɚȺȺɇɚɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɉɉɟɪɰɚ Ɂɉɪɢɥɟɩɢɧɚ Ɇɇɉɪɨɯɨɪɨɜɚ
Ⱦɘɉɭɱɤɨɜɚȿɇəɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɦɢɤɚɤ
ɥɢɰɨɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɧɭɠɞɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ>ɋ@ȼɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɪɟɞɟɨɛ
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɫɨɰɢɭɦɩɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɪɟɱɢ>@Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɵɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ
ɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɪɟɞɟɚɧɨ
ɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɶɈɧɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯɩɫɟɜ
ɞɨɧɢɦɚɦɢɱɚɫɬɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɧɚɤɨɜ
ɧɟɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɵɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɞ
ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɢɯɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɫɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦɢɉɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɜɫɬɚɬɶɟɫɫɵɥɤɢɧɚɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɜɞɚɧɵɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɭɤɚɡɚɧɜɤɪɭɝɥɵɯɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɦɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɛ
ɳɟɧɢɹɛɥɨɝɟɪɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɫɩɟɯɟɢɥɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɟɭɞɚɱɟɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɭɫɩɟɯɨɦɜɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɟɪɟɱɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɟɩɨɧɢɦɚ
ɟɬɫɹɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɱɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɵɣɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ>ɋ@
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɬɚɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɤɚɤɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɉɨɞ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɫɤɪɵɬɨɣɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɧɚɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ
>ɋ@Ʉɚɠɞɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɪɹ
ɞɨɦɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟ
ɪɟɞɶɢɦɟɸɬɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɗɬɢɩɨɤɚ
ɡɚɬɟɥɢɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɦɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ
Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ²ɷɬɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɉɨɥɭɱɚ
ɬɟɥɹ ɩɭɬɟɦɜɵɛɨɪɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɫɦɵɫɥɄɚɠɞɵɣɢɡɷɬɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɛɟɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɸɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɫɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɵ ɛɥɨɝɟɪɵ
ɋɤɪɵɬɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ©ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹª
ɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɚɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɝɨɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɂɡɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɟɦɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɧɬɚɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɨɫɢɬ
ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɛɥɨɝɟɪɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪ
ɜɪɚɜɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɶɜɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɸ
ɚɜɪɹɞɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɢɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɬɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɟɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɨɛɟɢɦɫɬɨɪɨ
ɧɚɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɵ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɜɤɚɤɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɛɥɨɝɟɪɨɜɆɵɫɱɢɬɚɟɦɱɬɨɜɵɛɨɪɪɟ
ɱɟɜɵɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨ
ɪɵɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɹɢɞɟɬɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɧɟɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɩɭɬɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɣɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɭɦɚɧɟɪɵ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɭ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɜɪɟɱɢȼɪɟɱɟ
ɜɨɦɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɜɨɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɢ
ɢɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟɟɦɭɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɦɚɧɟɪɭɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ>@
Ɇɚɧɟɪɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɜɵɪɚ
ɠɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɡɞɟɫɶ
ɢɫɟɣɱɚɫɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɫɢɸɦɢɧɭɬɧɨɝɨɠɟ
ɥɚɧɢɹɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɩɪɨɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɢɬɟɦɨɬɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɥɨɝɟɪɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɨɫɨ
ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɧɚɛɨɪɨɜɪɟɱɟ
ɜɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɟɬɧɟɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɬɢɜɚ
ɰɢɸɜɵɛɨɪɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɦ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚɫɥɨɜɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɩɪɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɬɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɲɚɛɥɨɧɵɤɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɩɪɢɜɵɤɜɫɜɨɟɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɨɩɵɬɟ
ɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸɪɟɚɤɰɢɸɧɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɗɬɚɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɨɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸ
ɳɟɝɨɩɨɧɟɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɦɭɜɵɛɨɪɭɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹɧɚɦɢɫɤɪɵɬɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
©Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɢɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹªɨɫɧɨ
ɜɚɧɚɧɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɧɚɫɨɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɟɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɷɬɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɢɥɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɗɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɩɟɪɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɵɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɢɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɟ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɫɢɝɧɚɥɵɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟɤɚɤɧɟɨɫɨɡɧɚɧ
ɧɚɹɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɧɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɈɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ
ɧɚɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹȾɚɧɧɚɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɬɟɯ
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɜɫɟɬɢɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬȺɧɚɥɢɡ
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɢɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɩɨɞ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯɛɥɨɝɚɯɢɧɚɮɨɪɭɦɚɯ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɜɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɩɨɥɭ
ɱɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ>@
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɩɥɚɧɚɦ
ɩɥɚɧɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɩɥɚɧɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɞɨɛɪɟ
ɧɢɹɩɥɚɧɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɩɥɚɧɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɢɩɥɚɧɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɥɚɧɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɈɧɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɫɹɜɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɦɜɵɛɨɪɟɨɞɨɛɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɥɨɜɢɜɵ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɎɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢɚɤ
ɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɥɚɧɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ⱥ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɮɨɪɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ
ɝɥɜɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢɟɞɱ©ɇɟɛɨɣɫɹ
ɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɭɬɶª ©ɋɤɚɠɢɁɚɯɚɪɭɫɩɚɫɢɛɨª
ɝɥɜɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢɦɧɱ©Ɍɜɨɪɢɬɟ
ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɣɬɟɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɣɬɟª Ȼ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɤɪɚɬɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɟ
ɫɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɛɟɡɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɨɱɟɧɶɪɚɞɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɟɧɨɱɟɧɶɞɨɜɨɥɟɧ
ȼ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɹɦɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɹɦɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɜɵɛɨɪɚɪɟ
ɱɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɤɪɭɬɨ ɫɪɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©ȼɨɬɷɬɨ
Ʉɥɢɦɦɨɳɧɨɡɚɞɜɢɧɭɥª ɢɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɤɚɬɟɝɨ
ɪɢɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɪɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
©Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɨȿɝɨɪª ɝ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦɮɨɪɦɦɟɠɞɨɦɟɬɢɣɫɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ
ɦɢɢɛɟɡɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɢɰɫɩɚɫɢɛɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɫɩɚɫɢɛɨɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɫɩɚɫɢɛɨ>ɩ@ɋɪɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪ©ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨɤɪɭɬɨª ɉɥɚɧɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹȼɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɞɜɚɫɦɵɫɥɚ²ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɜɨɫ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦɢɡɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɞɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɤɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɸ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢɩɥɚɧɚɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ⱥ ɜɵɛɨɪɩɪɢɡɵɜɨɜ©ɞɨɥɨɣɬɢɪɚɧɢɸɞɚɡɞɪɚɜ
ɫɬɜɭɟɬȼɅɄɋɆª ©ɋɥɚɜɶɫɹɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤª
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɜɵɛɨɪɱɚɫɬɢɪɟɱɢɫɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɨɥɨɣ ɢɥɢɩɪɟ
ɞɢɤɚɬɧɵɦ ɫɥɚɜɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ȽȽɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚȽɂɆɹɫɢɳɟɜɘɉɏɨɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɚɹ
Ȼ ɜɵɛɨɪɮɨɪɦɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯɩɪɨɫɶɛɢɥɢɛɥɚɝɨ
ɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ©ɇɚɞɟɸɫɶɧɚɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚª
©ȼɫɟɝɞɚɫɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦɠɞɭȼɚɲɢɯɜɵɫɬɭ
ɩɥɟɧɢɣɄɥɢɦª Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦɫɥɭɠɢɬɜɵɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɵɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɞɟɸɫɶɧɚ« ɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɜɰɟɥɨɦ ɠɞɭɫɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ Ƚ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɜɵɛɨɪɮɨɪɦɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɫɨɱɟɬɚ
ɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɥɢɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɫɨɞɨɛɪɹ
ɸɳɢɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ©ɂɨɛɯɨɞɹɦɨɪɹɢɡɟɦɥɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦ
ɠɝɢɫɟɪɞɰɚɥɸɞɟɣª ©ɋɝɨɪɚɹɫɚɦɫɜɟɬɢɞɪɭ
ɝɢɦª ©Ʉɥɢɦɀɭɤɨɜɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬɨɛɨɪɨɬɵª ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɤɪɵɬɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɜɵɛɨɪɨɦɜɵɫɤɚɡɵ
ɜɚɧɢɹɢɡɜɫɟɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɰɢɬɚɬɢɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜɫɨɯɪɚɧɹ
ɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚ
ɉɥɚɧɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɈɧɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɜɢɞɟɜɵɛɨɪɚɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɪɢ
ɰɚɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɥɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ⱥ ɜɵɛɨɪɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵ
ɫɨɫɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɜɟɞɦɧɱ
ɫɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
©Ɇɨɝɥɢɛɵɪɚɫɫɬɪɟɥɹɬɶɜɫɟɯª
ɫɨɫɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɜɟɞɦɧɱɢɫɥɟ
ɜɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɫɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɫɨɦɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹ©Ɋɚɡɜɟɨɧɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɛɵɬɚɤ"ª
ɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɫɢɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ©ɉɨɲɟɥɬɵɧɚɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɛɥ ª Ȼ ɜɵɛɨɪɮɨɪɦɱɚɫɬɟɣɪɟɱɢɫɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɨɰɟ
ɧɨɱɧɵɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɡɜɫɟɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯɪɹɞɨɜ
ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɰɵɢɧɚɪɟɱɢɹɜɬɱɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɪɟɱɢ©ɗɬɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɨɱɬɨ
ɜɵɬɚɤɞɭɦɚɟɬɟȻɨɪɢɫɡɧɚɱɢɬɜɵɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɱɧɵª ©ɉɥɨɯɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɢɩɥɨɯɨɣɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤª
Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɫɟɬɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɧɟɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɜɵɛɨɪɮɨɪɦɵɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɪɟɱɶɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ©Ɍɟɤɫɬɵɉɪɢɥɟɩɢɧɚɨɬ
ɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɤɚɤɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɟɧɨɧɫɚɦª
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɬɱɢɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ
©Ⱦɟɛɢɥɚɧɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɤª ɉɥɚɧɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭ
ɱɚɟɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɜɵɫɤɚɡɵ
ɜɚɧɢɸɎɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢɩɥɚɧɚ
ɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Ⱥ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ©ɜɵɜɟɞɶ
ɧɟɜɟɪɢɬɟɜɬɨɤɱɟɦɭɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɟɬɟɫɚɦɢ"ª ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥ©ɧɟɜɟɪɢɬɟªɫɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ©ɧɟɭɛɟɞɢɥɢªªɦɧɟ
ɧɟɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹɜɚɲɬɟɤɫɬªȼɚɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨ
ɜɵɛɨɪɢɞɟɬɧɟɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɢɧ
ɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɱɬɨɫɤɪɵɬɵɣɩɨɫɵɥɟɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɢɦɫɚɦɢɦ
ɢɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ²ɛɥɨɝɟɪɨɦ©ɇɟɱɢɬɚɥɧɟɱɢɬɚɸ
ɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɜɚɲɛɥɨɝɧɟɫɨɜɟɬɭɸª Ȼ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɜɵɛɨɪɮɨɪɦɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɫɨɱɟɬɚ
ɧɢɣ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɥɢɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɫɧɟɨɞɨ
ɛɪɹɸɳɢɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ©Ɉɩɹɬɶɉɭɱɤɨɜɱɭɲɶɩɨɪɟɬª
ɉɥɚɧɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɢɢȾɚɧɧɵɣɩɥɚɧɧɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯɫɤɪɵɬɵɯɮɨɪɦɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹȼɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɚɥɢɛɨɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɤɚɤɨɣ²ɥɢɛɨ
ɮɚɤɬɥɢɛɨɢɦɟɸɬɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɬ
ɤɪɵɬɭɸɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɵɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢɫɤɪɵɬɭɸɪɟɱɟ
ɜɭɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ©Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɩɟɯɚɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɦªȼɵɹɜɢɥɢɱɬɨ
ɞɚɧɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɱɟɬɵɪɟɩɥɚɧɚɚɤɰɟɧɬɭ
ɚɰɢɢɄɚɠɞɵɣɩɥɚɧɚɤɰɟɧɬɭɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɟɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɫɝɪɚɦ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɥɢɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ
ɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɜɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɟɬɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɫɤɪɵɬɵɣɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨɦɜɵɛɨɪɟɢɧɞɢɜɢ
ɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɛɨɪɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɨɪɦɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɨɦɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɭɫɩɟɯɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɉɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ
ɧɚɹɧɟɭɞɚɱɚ²ɫɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȿɮɢɦɨɜȿȺɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜȿȺȿɮɢɦɨɜ²ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ²ɫ
ɄɭɤɥɢɧɚɌȼɉɫɢɯɨɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞ
ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɌȼɄɭɤɥɢɧɚ²ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧȾ²ɫ
ɉɪɢɯɨɞɶɤɨȺɂɋɬɚɬɭɫɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɹɡɵɤɟȺɂɉɪɢɯɨɞɶɤɨɍɱɡɚɩɌɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɧɚɰɭɧɬɚɢɦȼɂȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɋɟɪ©Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢª²²ʋ²
Ɍ ²ɋ²
ɋɤɪɵɬɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ©ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹª
ɍɫɬɢɧɨɜɚɅɂɇɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɅɂɍɫɬɢɧɨɜɚ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɌɟɦɢɪɝɚɡɢɧɚɁɄɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɁɄɌɟɦɢɪ
ɝɚɡɢɧɚ²ɉɚɜɥɨɞɚɪ²F
ɄɥɸɟɜȿȼɊɟɱɟɜɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɍɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜȿȼɄɥɸ
ɟɜ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɄɨɛɨɡɟɜɚɂɆɅɢɧɝɜɨɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɹɡɵɤɚɋɆɂɂɆɄɨɛɨɡɟɜɚ²Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨ
ɫɬɭɩɚKWWSHYDUWLVWQDURGUXWH[WKWP ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚȽȽɋɤɪɵɬɵɟɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɥɢɰɚ ©ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚª ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȽȽɆɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ²ɋɉɛ²F
ɆɨɢɫɟɟɧɤɨɅȺɊɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɦɟɦɭɚɪɨɜɢɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɯɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɅȺɆɨɢɫɟɟɧɤɨ²ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧȾ²F
ɇɭɠɧɨɜɚȿȿɉɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɦ
ɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȿȿɇɭɠɧɨɜɚ²ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧȾ²F
Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɇɘɒɜɟɞɨɜɚ ɝɥɪɟɞ ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɌɎɨɧɟɬɢɤɚɎɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
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ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɨɱɤɚɦɢɫɜɟɪɯɭ>ɋ@ɇɢɠɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢ
ɪɭɸɬɫɹɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɢɯɛɭɤɜ ɡɧɚ
ɤɨɜ ɢɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ȼɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɡɧɚɤΡɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɜɨɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɞɥɹɡɜɭɤɚKɌɨɬɠɟɡɧɚɤɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɧɢɡɭɫɨɞɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɨɣɛɭɤɜɚΝɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɡɜɭɤM
ɉɨɡɠɟɚɪɚɛɵɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɷɬɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɤɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɫɜɟɪɯɭɨɞɧɭɬɨɱɤɭɢɢɡɨɛɪɟɥɢɛɭɤ
ɜɭΥɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɡɜɭɤɚ
ɯɉɟɪɫɵɷɬɨɣɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɞɥɹɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɡɜɭɤɚFKɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɧɟɛɵɥɨɜɚɪɚɛ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɈɧɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɬɪɢɬɨɱɤɢ ௹ ɫɧɢɡɭɡɧɚ
ɤɚɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɛɭɤɜɭ̧ȼɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɟɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɡɜɭɤɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɣɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ©ɰªȼɰɟɥɹɯɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɝɨɡɜɭɤɚ
ɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɡɧɚɤɚΡɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ
ɬɪɟɦɹɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ௹ ɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɛɭɤɜɭն>ɋ@
Ȼɭɤɜɚնɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨɧɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɝɥɭɯɭɸɚɮɮɪɢɤɚɬɭɫ>ɡɜɭɱɚɳɭɸɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ
©ɰª²ȺɆ@ɢɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ²ɡɜɭɤҊ>ɡɜɭ
ɱɚɳɢɣɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ©ɞɠª²ȺɆ@ȼɯɨɪɟɡ
ɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɟɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɣɡɧɚɤ²Ρɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɜɟɪɯɭɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ²նɨɛɵɱɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɺɬɫɹ
ɜɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢɱɟɪɟɡɫɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɝɥɭɯɭɸ
ɚɮɮɪɢɤɚɬɭɫ>ɡɜɭɱɚɳɭɸɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ©ɰª²
ȺɆ@ɧɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ²ɡɜɭɤু>ɋ@
ȼɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɜɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɨɪ
ɦɚɛɭɤɜɵΩɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɚɡɜɭɤ]ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣɨɞɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢɫɜɟɪɯɭ ±Ú± ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɛɭɤɜɵΩ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɛɭɤɜɚΫȼɨɫɯɨɞɹɤɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ
ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɭɛɭɤɜɚΩɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɡɜɭɤG
ɢɧɨɝɞɚįɇɨɩɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɛɭɤɜɚΩɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚ
ɥɚɧɨɜɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɬɢɩɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣɨɬɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɧɢɡɭɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɛɭɤɜɵΩ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɚɫɶɨɞɧɚɬɨɱɤɚ ւ ȼɩɨɡɞɧɟɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɛɭɤɜɚήɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɡɜɭɤɚUɄɚɤɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɦɧɨɝɢɯɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɜɬɨɦɱɢɫ
ɥɟɜɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɟɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɷɬɨɬɡɜɭɤ
ɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɧɨɣɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩ
ɉɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɧɭɠɞɚɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɞɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɚ
ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɣ>ɧɚɛɚɬɟɣ
ɫɤɨɣ²ȺɆ@ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢɢɡɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ
ɛɭɤɜɵέɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚɛɭɤɜɚίɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɬɨɱɤɢ
ɫɜɟɪɯɭɛɭɤɜɵέɌɨɚɪɚɛɵɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɛɭɤɜɭ
ίȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɤɜɵέɛɵɥɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɧɵɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ
ɉɟɪɫɵɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɡɜɭɤɚåɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɢɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢ
ȺɊɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜ
ɥɢɫɜɟɪɯɭɬɪɢɬɨɱɤɢ௹ɤɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɛɭɤɜɵ
έɫɨɡɞɚɜɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɛɭɤɜɭ̬ȼɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɣɩɢɫɶ
ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɮɨɧɟɦɵUɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɜɜɢɞɟ֖
ɬɟɩɭɬɟɦɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɡɭɨɞɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɤɝɪɚ
ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɛɭɤɜɵέ
ɁɜɭɤVɜɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɚɤɭɠɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ
ɥɨɫɶɜɚɪɚɛɨɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɣɝɪɚɮɢɤɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɱɟɪɟɡ
βȼɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɮɨɧɟɦɚVɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɚɧɨɜɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɇɟɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɱɺɬɤɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɰɟɜȼɢɧɨɦɫɥɭ
ɱɚɟɧɟɛɵɥɨɛɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɗɬɨɬɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ
ɱɟɪɟɡɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɤ௹ɫɧɢɡɭɩɨɞɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɨɣɛɭɤɜɵβȼɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɣɩɢɫɶ
ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɤɜɚβɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɛɵɥɚɩɪɟɞɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɚɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɡɜɭɤɚVɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɡɜɭɤɚšɡɚɬɟɦɛɵɥɚ
ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɛɭɤɜɚɩɭɬɺɦɩɨɞɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɤɢɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɤ ௹ ɫɜɟɪɯɭɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ
ɛɭɤɜɵβɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɚɹɟɟɨɬɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵ
Ȼɭɤɜɚϑɜɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɜɚɪɚɛɨɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɭɸɝɪɚɮɢ
ɤɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɜɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɣɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɡɜɭɤɚIɎɨɧɟɦɚ I ɜɧɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɚɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩYȾɚɧɧɵɣ
ɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɫɬɚɥɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɭɬɺɦɩɨɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɪɟɯɬɨɱɟɤ ௹ ɫɜɟɪɯɭɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪ
ɦɵֺɢɜɢɬɨɝɟɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹɡɧɚɤ׃ɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɎȺɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜɧɟɤɨɝɞɚɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɜɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɹɬɸɪɤɨɥɨɝɨɜɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɭɸ
ɮɨɧɟɦɭY ȕ ɬɪɟɦɹɬɨɱɤɚɦɢɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ׃ɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɈɧɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɷɬɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɚɹɮɨ
ɧɟɦɚɜ;,9²;9ɜɜɛɵɥɚɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɮɨɧɟɦ>ɋ@ɋɟɣɱɚɫɭɠɟ
ɹɫɧɨɱɬɨɫɥɨɜɚɫɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦɷɬɨɣɮɨɧɟɦɵɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɜɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɢɡɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɱɟɪɟɡɨɝɭɡɫɤɢɟɩɥɟɦɟɧɚȾɚɠɟɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɆɚɯɦɭɞɚɄɚɲɝɚɪɢ ;,ɜ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɥɟɤɫɢɤɟɨɝɭɡɫɤɢɯɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬ
ɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɛɭɤɜɚɦɢɋɚɦɄɚɲɝɚɪɢɩɢɲɟɬ
ɱɬɨɨɝɭɡɚɦɛɵɥɨɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɥɨɜɚ
ɨɬɫɜɨɢɯɛɥɢɡɤɢɯɫɨɫɟɞɟɣ>ɋ@ɗɬɢɫɥɨɜɚ
ɩɨɧɚɲɟɦɭɦɧɟɧɢɸɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɫɬɟ
ɩɟɧɢɢɡɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɝɞɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɜɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ²ɢɡɫɤɢɮɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɚɥɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɯɚɡɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɚɪɦɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ>ɋ@
ȼɨɜɫɟɯɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɛɭɤɜɚɯɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ
ɜɚɪɚɛɨɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɦɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɞɢɚɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɨɱɤɢ>ɋ@ɗɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɤɨ
ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɞɢɚɤɪɢɬɢɤɢɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɈɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜȾɪɟɜɧɟɝɨɏɨɪɟɡɦɚ
ɧɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɉɪɚɜɞɚɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭ
ɞɚɯɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɤɪɚɬɤɢɟɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɞɢɚ
ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɯɌɚɤȾȽȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɣɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɹɪɭɤɨ
ɩɢɫɶʋ«Ʉɭɧɣɚɬɚɥɦɭɧɣɚªɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨɡɧɚɤɢΪήαɫɬɨɱɤɚɦɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɚɪɯɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɛɭɤɜ>ɋ@
ȺɋɅȼɨɥɢɧɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɧɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɹɯ
©ɄɭɧɣɚɬɚɥɦɭɧɣɚɥɢɬɚɬɦɢɦɚɥɝɭɧɣɚªɆɭɯɬɚɪɚ
Ɂɚɯɢɞɢɢɜɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɦɛɭɥɶɫɤɨɣ²
ȺɆ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ©ɆɭɤɚɞɞɢɦɚɬɚɥɚɞɚɛªɆɚɯɦɭɞɚ
Ɂɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɡɧɚɤɨɜɞɥɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɢɯɜɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɟɡɜɭɤɨɜ²նɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ
ɰɢɥɢɞɡɢ׃²ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɝɭɛɧɨɝɭɛɧɨɣɜ>&@
ȼɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɧɟ
ɹɡɵɱɧɵɣɡɜɨɧɤɢɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣGɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ²ɩɨɫɥɟɮɨɧɟɦɵL²ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɤɚɤ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɹɡɵɱɧɵɣɝɥɭɯɨɣWɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ G ɜɫɥɨɜɚɯ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɬɚɤɭɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɧɟɛɭɤɜɨɣΕɚɛɭɤɜɨɣΩɌɨɡɜɭɤɨ
ɬɢɩɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨGɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɫɹɩɭɬɺɦɩɨɞ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɨɞɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɫɧɢɡɭɛɭɤɜɵΩɢɜɢɬɨɝɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɧɨɜɵɣɡɧɚɤɫɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣւ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪϣ̪ϴւ>ɋ@²PϷþ\\ڲµ Ɉɧ ɢɫɩɵ
ɬɵɜɚɥɠɚɠɞɭ¶>ɋ@
Ʉɚɤɛɵɥɨɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɡɜɨɧɤɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɹɡɵɱɧɚɹ
ɳɟɥɟɜɚɹɞɪɨɠɚɳɚɹɮɨɧɟɦɚUɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɫɜɢɞɟ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɛɥɢɡ
ɤɨɤɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɳɟɥɟɜɨɣɫɨɧɨɪɧɨɣɮɨɧɟɦɟ
lȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɨɝɞɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɚɹɮɨɧɟɦɚUɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɚ
ɬɚɤɭɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɆɚɯɦɭɞɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɢɡɨɛɪɚ
ɠɚɥɞɚɧɧɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɧɟɛɭɤɜɨɣϝɚɛɭɤɜɨɣέ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɝɨUɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɫɹɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣɫɧɢɡɭɛɭɤɜɵέɨɞɧɨɣ
ɞɢɚɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɬɨɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɨɹɜɥɹ
ɥɚɫɶɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɨɪɦɚ֖ ܀ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪϳΎ֖ׅί
>ɋ²@²\Dȕ܀D]µɩɥɚɦɹ¶µɹɡɵɤɨɝɧɹ¶>
ɋ@Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɜɪɟɱɢɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɟɳɺɞɨɩɟ
ɪɢɨɞɚɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɭȻɢɪɭɧɢɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
ɞɢɚɥέϭµUZµɨɝɨɧɶ¶>ɋɋ@ɉɨɫɥɨ
ɜɚɦȼɂȺɛɚɟɜɚɮɨɧɟɦɚlɱɭɠɞɚɞɪɟɜɧɟɢɪɚɧ
ɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɨɧɚɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɜɫɟɯɧɨɜɨɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɍɫɥɨɜɢɹɩɪɟɨɞɨ
ɥɟɧɢɹɞɪɟɜɧɟɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɨɬɚɰɢɡɦɚɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɛɵɥɢɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɮɨɧɟɦɚl
ɦɨɝɥɚɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɚ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜɛ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɣɜ ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɚɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜɝ ɫ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɞ ɧɚɩɨɱɜɟɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɢɒɢɪɨɤɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɢ
ɥɚɮɨɧɟɦɚlɜɨɫɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɦɨɧɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚɚ ɢɡU
ɩɟɪɟɞLɛ ɢɡUɩɨɞɢɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢɜ ɢɡQɩɨɞɢɫ
ɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢɝ ɢɡɝɟɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨU UU ɞ ɤɚɤ
ɚɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɤɢɮɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹɢɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɚɠ ɜɡɚ
ɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɯ>ɋ@
ȼɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɹɡɵɱɧɚɹɝɥɭɯɚɹɳɟɥɟɜɚɹ
ɮɨɧɟɦɚVɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɛɥɢɡɤɨɤɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɭɝɥɭɯɨɦɭɚɮɮɪɢɤɚɬɭ
Fȼɦɟɫɬɚɯɝɞɟɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɬɚɤɨɣɚɥɥɨɮɨɧ
ɮɨɧɟɦɵV ɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɢɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟɫɥɨ
ɜɚ²ȺɆ ɆɚɯɦɭɞɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɞɚɧɧɵɣ
ɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɧɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɛɭɤɜɵն ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɦɭ©ɰª²ȺɆ ɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɛɭɤɜɵβɩɨɞ
ɫɬɚɜɢɜɤɧɟɣɫɧɢɡɭɬɪɢɞɢɚɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɨɱɤɢ
ɬɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɟɺɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭ²֤ ܈
ȼɤɨɧɰɟɠɟɫɥɨɜɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɬɢɩɛɵɥɨɬɪɚɠɺɧ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɛɭɤɜɵΙ ׇ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɛɚɟɜȼɂɎɨɧɟɦɚOɜɨɫɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɦȼɂȺɛɚɟɜɇɚɭɱɧɚɹɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɩɨɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɬɟɡɢɫɵɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ²Ʌ²ɋ
ȼɨɥɢɧɋɅɇɨɜɵɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɋɅȼɨɥɢɧɁɚɩɢɫɤɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ
ɜɨɫɬɨɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤɋɋɋɊɌɨɦ9,,²ɆɅɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨȺɇɋɋɋɊ²ɋ²
ȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɣȾȽɊɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ©ɄɵɧɢɣɚɬɚɥɦɭɧɢɣɚªɚɥȽɚɡɦɢɧɢɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤɍɡɋɋɊ
ȾȽȼɨɪɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɣɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹȺɇɍɡɋɋɊ²Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ²ʋ²ɋ²
ɅɢɜɲɢɰȼȺɂɪɚɧɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɋɪɟɞɧɟɣȺɡɢɢȼȺɅɢɜɲɢɰ²ɇɚɪɨɞɵɦɢɪɚɇɚɪɨɞɵ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣȺɡɢɢɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚɌɨɦ,²ɆɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨȺɇɋɋɋɊ²ɋ²
ɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜȺɊɄɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɯɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȺɊɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜɀɭɪɧɂɪɚɧɧɚɦɟ²
Ⱥɥɦɚɚɬɚ²ʋ²²ɋ²
ɎɪɟɣɦɚɧȺȺɏɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɑɚɫɬɶ,ɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹȺȺɎɪɟɣɦɚɧ²ɆɅ
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨȺɇɋɋɋɊ²ɫ
ɗɞɟɥɶɦɚɧȾɂɏɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤȾɂɗɞɟɥɶɦɚɧ²əɡɵɤɢɦɢɪɚɌɨɦ,,,ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɢ²Ɇɂɧɞɪɢɤ²ɋ²
ȺɊɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜ
ɗɞɟɥɶɦɚɧȾɂɏɨɪɟɡɦɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤȾɂɗɞɟɥɶɦɚɧ²Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɢɪɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɋɪɟɞɧɟ
ɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɟɢɧɨɜɨɢɪɚɧɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢ²ɆȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɊȺɇ²ɋ²
ȺɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜɎɁɚɦɚɯɲɚɪɢɣɧɢɧɝ©ɆɭԕɚɞɞɚɦɚɬɭɥɚɞɚɛªɚɫɚɪɢɜɚɭɧɢɧɝɬɢɥɢԟɚԕɢɞɚɎȺɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ
ȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɢɜɚɚɞɚɛɢɺɬɢ²Ɍɨɲɤɟɧɬ²ʋ²Ȼ²
ȻɟɪɭɧɢɣȺɛɭɊɚɣԟɨɧɌɚɧɥɚɧɝɚɧɚɫɚɪɥɚɪɌɨɦ,ԔɚɞɢɦɝɢɯɚɥԕɥɚɪɞɚɧԕɨɥɝɚɧɺɞɝɨɪɥɢɤɥɚɪȺɛɭ
ɊɚɣԟɨɧȻɟɪɭɧɢɣ²Ɍɨɲɤɟɧɬ©Ɏɚɧªɧɚɲɪɢɺɬɢ²ɫ
ɄɨɲԑɚɪɢɣɆɚԟɦɭɞȾɟɜɨɧɭɥɭԑɨɬɢɬɬɭɪɤɌɨɦ,²ɌɨɲɤɟɧɬȸɡɋɋɊɎȺɧɚɲɪɢɺɬɢ²ɫ
ɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜȺɊԔɚɞɢɦɝɢɏɨɪɚɡɦɞɚɺɡɭɜɬɚɪɢɯɢȺɊɆɚɬɧɢɹɡɨɜɁɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ
ɜɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɭɪɢɡɦɚɩɨɜɟɥɢɤɨɦɭɲɟɥɤɨɜɨɦɭɩɭɬɢɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɆɟɠɞɭɧɚ
ɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɝɏɢɜɚɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹɝ²ɍɪɝɟɧɱɊɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɟ
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ɂɇɋɌɊɍɆȿɇɌɂɅɂɋɈȻȿɋȿȾɇɂɄ"
ɅȺɆɟɫɟɧɹɲɢɧɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɬɨɦɜɤɚɤɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɢɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚɢɜɤɚɤɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯɬɚɤɚɹɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚȺɧɚɥɢɡɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɩɪɢɣɬɢɤɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɧɬɟɥ
ɥɟɤɬɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɤɱɢɫɥɭɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɤɨɝɧɢ
ɬɢɜɧɚɹɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɟɬɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɬɢɩɵɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɪɭɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦɤɧɚ
ɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɚɹɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶ
ɧɚɹɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢɨɬɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɥɢ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦɨɛɦɟɧɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɦɟɠɞɭɱɟ
ɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɢɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦɦɟɠɞɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɢɛɨɬɨɦ
əɧɞɟɤɫɚȺɥɢɫɨɣɦɟɠɞɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɢɫɨɛɚɤɨɣɢɬɩ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɫɨɛɚɤɨɣɢɞɪɭɝɢ
ɦɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɤɪɭɝɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ²ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɪɟɱɟ
ɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɫɨ
ɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦɗɬɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɡɚɢ
ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɢɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɦɢ
>@ɞɟɬɟɣɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɫɢɝɪɭɲɤɚɦɢ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɭɤɥɚɦɢ>@ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɥɸɞɟɣ
ɫɧɟɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ>@ɫɫɨɛɚɤɚ
ɦɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ>@
ȼɝɨɞɭɧɚɤɚɮɟɞɪɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɬɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɵɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɤɨɣ
ȺɋɁɜɟɡɞɢɧɨɣɛɵɥɚɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɚȼɄɊ©Ⱦɢɫɤɭɪɫ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɢɢɠɚɧɪɵªɝɞɟɛɵɥɨɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɰɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ²ɷɬɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɫɨɛɵɣɪɨɞɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɊɈəɤɨɛɫɨɧɚɮɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɑɬɨɠɟɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɬɚɤɢɦɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦɤɚɤ
ɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣɦɥɚɞɟɧɟɰɬɨɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹȼȼɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ>@ɢɋɇɐɟɣɬɥɢɧ
>@ɤɷɬɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɱɧɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɬɶɥɢɧɝ
ɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɤɚɤɛɵɥɨɞɨ
ɤɚɡɚɧɨɈɘɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ>@
ɋɦəɤɨɛɫɨɧɊɈəɡɵɤɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɤɞɪɭɝɢɦɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɚɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɟɪɫɚɧɝɥɇɇɉɟɪɰɨɜɨɣ
ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɊɈəɤɨɛɫɨɧ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ²ɋ²
ɑɬɨɠɟɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɤɚɫ©Ⱥɥɢɫɨɣªɢɜɨɨɛɳɟɫɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦɬɨɷɬɨɬ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɦɢɢɡɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɨ
ɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɫɬɚɬɶɟ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨ
ɛɨɣɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɛɨɬɨɦɢɜɨɨɛɳɟɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟ
ɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɱɬɨɬɚɤɨɟ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɬɨɠɟɫɚɦɨɟɥɢɷɬɨɱɬɨɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɢɥɢɧɟɬ ɤɚɤɢɟɢɡɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɚɤɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɜɡɹɬɶɧɚɫɟɛɹɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɛɨɬ ɤɚɤɢɟɬɢɩɵɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɟɠɞɭɥɸɞɶɦɢ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɟɣɧɟɩɨɞɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɱɢɫ
ɥɟɧɢɸɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɹɩɪɟɞ
ɥɚɝɚɟɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɋɪɟɞɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɲɢɪɨɤɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɨ
ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ©ȿɫɥɢ
ɦɵɛɭɞɟɦɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸɜɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ
ɫɦɵɫɥɟɤɚɤɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ²ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬȼɂɄɚɪɚɫɢɤ²
ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɭɡɤɨɝɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɢɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɹ ɬɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɰɟɥɶɸ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟɢɩɨɞ
ɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɈɛɳɟɧɢɟɤɚɤ
ɮɨɪɦɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª>&@ɗɬɚ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɷɧ
ɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ©Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ²
ɥɚɬFRPPXQLFDWLRɨɬFRPPXQLFR²ɞɟɥɚɸɨɛɳɢɦ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɨɛɳɚɸɫɶ ²ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɨɛɦɟɧɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢɢɞɟɹɦɢɢɬɞ²ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɨɪɦɚ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɥɸɞɟɣɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɯɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª>&@
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɥɢɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤ"
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɞɥɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɡɚɞɚɱɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
ɪɚɭɱɟɧɵɟɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɷɬɢɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɌɚɤ
Ⱥȼɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɰɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɬɪɭɞɚɯɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɤɨɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɝɧɢ
ɬɨɥɨɝɨɜɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɤɜɵɜɨɞɭ
ɱɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ²©ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɡɚɢɦɨ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɟɧɨɨɬɧɸɞɶɧɟɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟªɢɜɢ
ɞɢɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ²©ɷɬɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ
ɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɩɚɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɪɚɤ
ɰɢɢɞɜɭɯɢɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɛɦɟɧɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɞɥɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢªɚɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɹɦɨɣɮɨɪɦɨɣ
ɨɛɦɟɧɚɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɚɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
ɟɣª>@ɂɧɚɱɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɇɚɷɬɨɠɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɅȼȼɨɥɨɞɢɧɚɢɈɄɄɚɪɩɭɯɢɧɚ
©Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɜɬɪɟɯɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ²ɞɢɚɥɨɝ
ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɯɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ²ɰɟɥɟɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɧɚɩɨɥɭ
ɱɚɬɟɥɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟ²ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɬɢɥɟɣɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɠɢɡɧɢɨɞɧɢɯɱɥɟɧɨɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɞɪɭɝɢɦɢȻɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɸɢɡɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɜɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɹɡɵɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɭɦɟɧɢɹª>@
ɂɬɚɤɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɩɟɪɜɵɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɚɣɞɟɧɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɤɚɤɢɟɢɡɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɤɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɜɡɹɬɶɧɚɫɟɛɹɤɨɦ
ɩɶɸɬɟɪɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɛɨɬ²
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶɤɚɤɢɟɜɨɨɛɳɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɟɷɬɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɬɨɠɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɦɫɟɛɟɜɵɛɪɚɬɶɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɣɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ
ɷɬɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣɊɈəɤɨɛɫɨɧɨɦ
ɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɜɫɟɛɹɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɭɸɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɢɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚɦɦɨɠɟɬɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ
ɘȼɊɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɦɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ
ɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɰɟɥɟɣɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɨɬɧɨ
ɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɌɨɱɬɨɞɢɚɥɨɝ
©ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɞɜɭɯɢɛɨɥɟɟɥɢɰª ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯɧɟɧɭɠ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹɇɚɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯɘȼɊɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɤɥɚɫɫɵɞɢɚ
ɥɨɝɨɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɨɛ
ɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɣɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɦɢɥɟ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɢ ɨɛɳɢɣɩɪɚɤɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɚɥɨɝ>@Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɤɚɤɨɬɦɟ
ɱɚɟɬɘȼɊɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɟɝɨɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɛ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɥɢɰɭɡɚɧɢ
ɦɚɸɳɟɦɭɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ
ɝ ɰɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɶɫɨɛɟɫɟɞ
ɧɢɤɚɤɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɟɣɞ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɧɚɹɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɛ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
ɥɢɰɭɦɟɧɟɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚɝ ɰɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɜɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɞɥɹɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɢɈɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɧɟɪɚɜɧɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɛ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
ɥɢɰɭɛɨɥɟɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚɝ ɰɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɜɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɭɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ
ɰɢɢɋɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣɬɚɤ
ɠɟɷɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɝɪɟɱ(ULVWLNRV²ɫɩɨɪɹɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɩɨɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɩɭɧɤɬ
ɛ ɬɟɤɨɦɭɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɟɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɟɧɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɝ ɰɟɥɶɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬ
ɧɢɤɨɜ²ɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɩɨɛɟɞɭɜɫɩɨɪɟɥɸɛɨɣɰɟɧɨɣ
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵ
ɩɨɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɩɭɧɤɬɛ ɬɟɤɨɦɭɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɟɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɟɧɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚ
ɥɨɝɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɝ ɰɟɥɶɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ²ɧɚɣɬɢɢɫɬɢɧɭ
ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɨɛɳɟɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɞ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ²ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡ
ɦɚɦɟɠɞɭɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɆɚɣɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɥɢɝɨɦɢ
ɥɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟɢɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɷɬɨ
ɝɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɛ ɢɧɢ
ɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɛɨɥɟɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɤɚɠ
ɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɝ ɰɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɬɞɪɝɪ©ɦɚɣɟɜɬɢɤɚª²ɪɨɞɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɭɠɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɭɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɛɵɭɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɜɧɟɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɷɬɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɋɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɩɨɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɩɭɧɤɬɛ ɬɟ
ɤɨɦɭɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɟɪɟɥɟ
ɜɚɧɬɟɧɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɝ ɰɟɥɶɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ²
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɫɟɧɫɭɫɚɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨɤɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ
ɨɛɳɢɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɈɛɳɢɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɚɥɨɝ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɢ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɧɟɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɟɧɛ ɜɨ
ɩɪɨɫɨɛɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɟɧɟɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɟɧɜ ɰɟɥɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɰɟɥɶɸɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɝ ɰɟɥɶ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɤɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɞ ɱɚɫɬɶɪɟ
ɩɥɢɤɦɨɠɟɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɇɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɡɷɬɢɯ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɦɨɠɧɨɡɚ
ɦɟɧɢɬɶɛɨɬɨɦɄɢɯɱɢɫɥɭɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ
ɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɆɨɠɧɨɥɢɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɨɬɥɚɞɤɭɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɵɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢɫɥɭɱɚɹɦɢɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɦɚɣɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ²ɷɬɨɟɳɟɨɞɢɧɜɨɩɪɨɫ
ɤɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɩɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭ
ɇɨɫɬɨɥɶɠɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɬɚɤɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɚɧɟɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɚɜɨɜɫɟɯɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɯȼɷɪɢɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦ²ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɭɛɨɬɚɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɚɦɨɥɸɛɢɟ
ɜɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ²ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɞɥɹɛɨɬɚ
ɧɟɫɚɦɨɰɟɥɶɜɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ²ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɨ
ɝɥɚɫɢɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɚɭɛɨɬɚɬɚɤɨɣ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɧɟɬɉɪɚɜɞɚɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɧɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɱɬɨɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɨɬɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɪɨɛɨɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɫɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ɜɧɟɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɞɪɭɝɨɟɞɟɥɨ²ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɷɬɨɰɟɥɟ
ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ²ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɪɨɛɨɬɚɤɬɚɤɨɦɭɞɢɚɥɨɝɭ
Ʉɚɤɜɢɞɢɦɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɢɩɚɯɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɤɚɤɨɫɨɛɵɯ
ɬɢɩɚɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɫɭɫɩɟɯɨɦɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɤɚɤɢɟɢɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɤɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɵɣɛɨɬɄɱɢɫɥɭɬɚɤɨɜɵɯɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɬɤɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɚɹɬɤɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶɧɟɤɭɸɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɬɤɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɢɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɯɨɬɹɛɵɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɛɨɬɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ
ɅȺɆɟɫɟɧɹɲɢɧɚ
Ⱥɬɟɩɟɪɶɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɦɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɧɚɱɟɟɫɥɢɜɩɟɪɟ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɹɯɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɝɪɚɟɬɪɨɥɶɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɜɫɩɨɦɨ
ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ²ɪɨɥɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ
ɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ"ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦɜɷɬɨɦɤɚɤɪɚɡɧɟɬɧɢɱɟɝɨ
ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨȼɫɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ²ɷɬɨ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɪɭɬɢɧɧɵɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɚɲɢɧɚɦȾɪɭɝɨɟɞɟɥɨ²ɬɨ
ɱɬɨɢɜɫɮɟɪɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢ²ɜɫɮɟɪɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɦɨɠɟɬɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɝɪɚɬɶɪɨɥɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚȼɟɞɶɜɦɚɣɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶɮɚɤɬɧɚɥɢ
ɱɢɹɭɧɟɝɨɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹȺɜɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɟɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɭ
ɩɪɢɣɬɢɤɢɫɬɢɧɟɈɬɫɸɞɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɪɭɞɢɟɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɬɚɤɢɦɨɪɭɞɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɱɟɦɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɚɦɝɞɟɨɧɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ
ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣɧɨɢɬɚɦɝɞɟɨɧɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɛɵɬɶɧɟɦɨɠɟɬ
ɂɧɚɤɨɧɟɰɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ>&
@ɝɞɟɩɭɬɟɦɫɦɟɧɵɤɨɞɚɢɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɚɦɚɫɟɛɹɬɟɫɚɦɚɞɥɹɫɟɛɹɨɤɚ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɨɪɭɞɢɟɦ
ɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɂɡɜɫɟɯɷɬɢɯɜɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɫɯɨɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɚɫ
ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɜɵɜɨɞɵɜɩɨɥɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɦɨɠɟɬɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɨɪɭɞɢɟɦɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɑɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɟɬɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɫɹɨɪɭɞɢɟɦɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɜɡɚ
ɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵ
ɂɡɮɚɤɬɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɨɪɭɞɢɣɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ
ɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɫɭɳ
ɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚɫɜɨ
ɞɢɬɫɹɤɨɪɭɞɢɣɧɨɫɬɢɈɬɫɸɞɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɭɸɬɬɚɤɢɟɫɮɟɪɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɨɪɭɞɢɣɧɵɦ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɮɟɪɚɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɜɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ²ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɯɨɬɟ
ɥɨɫɶɛɵɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶɢɦɟɧɧɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɩɨɫɨɡɞɚ
ɧɢɸɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɛ ɤɨɦ
ɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜɧɨɜɵɯɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɜɢɞɟɷɥɟɤ
ɬɪɨɧɧɨɣɫɯɟɦɵɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɬɨɱɬɨɜɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɢɜɯɨɞɢɥɨɜɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ
ɦɟɠɞɭɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɫɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ©ɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢɥɢɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤ"
ɜɚɬɟɥɹªɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚɢɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɹ
ɧɨɜɵɯɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɜ"
Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɨɬɥɚɞɤɭ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢɫɥɭ
ɱɚɹɦɢɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɢɦɚɣɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ"
ȿɫɥɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ²ɩɪɨ
ɞɭɤɬɢɧɬɟɪɢɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɚɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɦɨ
ɠɟɬɢɧɬɟɪɢɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɢɛɨɱɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɜɜɢɞɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣɫɯɟɦɵɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɪɚɧɟɟɜɯɨɞɢɥɨɜɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɤɚɤ
ɧɟɢɧɬɟɪɢɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɜɡɚɢɦɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚɫɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ" ɬɨɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɟɧɥɢɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɨɝɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ"
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɚɣɤɭɥɨɜɚȺɇɊɟɱɟɜɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɦɶɟɪɨɥɶɜɧɺɦɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɜɟɳɧɨɝɨ
ɦɢɪɚȺɇȻɚɣɤɭɥɨɜɚɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɀɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɚ²
²ʋ²ɋ²
ȼɨɥɨɞɢɧɚɅȼȾɟɥɨɜɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɢɨɫɧɨɜɵɬɟɨɪɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰ Ʌȼȼɨɥɨɞɢɧɚ
ɈɄɄɚɪɩɭɯɢɧɚɋɉɛȽɍɌ²ɋɉɛ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@KWWSVVFLFHQWHURQOLQHREVFKHQLHGHORYRH
VFLFHQWHUGHORYRHREVFKHQLHRVQRY\LWHRULLNRPPXQLNDWVLLKWPO
ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚɈɉɊɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɵɫɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɚɦɟɬɤɢ ɈɉȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚɊɚɡ
ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɫɛɧɚɭɱɬɪɩɨɞɪɟɞȾɇɒɦɟɥɺɜɚȿȺɁɟɦɫɤɨɣ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɇɚɭɤɚ²ɋ²
ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚɈɉɊɟɱɟɜɨɣɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɫɨɛɚɤɢ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@ɈɉȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚɅɢɤɢɹɡɵɤɚɤɥɟɬɢɸɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȿȺɁɟɦɫɤɨɣɨɬɜɪɟɞɆəȽɥɨɜɢɧɫɤɚɹ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ²ɋ²
ȿɪɦɨɥɨɜɚɈȻɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@
ɈȻȿɪɦɨɥɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɋɟɪɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ²²
ʋ ²ɋ²
Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹȼȼȼɨɩɪɨɫɢɨɬɜɟɬɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ©ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɣ²ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤªȼȼɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ²ɟɢɡɞ
ɢɫɩɪɢɞɨɩ²ɆɨɫɤɜɚɅɂȻɊɈɄɈɆ²ɫ
ɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹȼȼɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɪɟɩɥɢɤɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɫɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@ȼȼɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɨɬɜɪɟɞȺȼȻɨɧ
ɞɚɪɤɨȼȼɄɚɡɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚəɡɵɤɢɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ²ɋ²
ɄɚɪɚɫɢɤȼɂəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɪɭɝɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɵɞɢɫɤɭɪɫȼɂɄɚɪɚɫɢɤ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɉɟɪɟ
ɦɟɧɚ²ɫ
Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɝɥɪɟɞȼɇəɪɰɟɜɚ²ɟɢɡɞɞɨɩ²Ɇ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹɪɨɫɷɧɰɢɤɥ²ɫɇɨɜɚɹɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚɹɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɂɎɊȺɇKWWSVLSKOLEUXJUHHQVWRQHOLEUDU\FROOHFWLRQQHZSKLOHQFGRFXPHQW
+$6+GGHGEDEG Ⱦɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɅɨɬɦɚɧɘɆȼɧɭɬɪɢɦɵɫɥɹɳɢɯɦɢɪɨɜɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ²ɬɟɤɫɬ²ɫɟɦɢɨɫɮɟɪɚ²ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɘɆɅɨɬ
ɦɚɧɆəɡɵɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ²ɫ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚɌɂɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɧɫɰɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɡɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɜɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢɫɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɦɌɂɉɟɬɪɨɜɚɊɟɛɟɧɨɤɤɚɤɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɟɌɪɭɞɵɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ
ɩɨɨɧɬɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟȼɵɩ²ɋɉɛɋɨɸɡɋ²
ɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɰȺȼ©Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟªɢ©ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹªɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɜɫɜɟɬɟɩɨɥɢɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢȺȼɉɪɨɤɨɩɟɰɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢ ʋ²
KWWSVQRYDLQIRUXDUWLFOH
ɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚɈɘɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɈɘɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚȼɋɁɚɯɚɪɨɜȼɟɫɬɧɑɟɥɹɛɝɨɫɭɧɬɚ²²ʋ ²Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢ
ȼɵɩ²ɋ²
ɊɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣɘȼɌɟɨɪɢɹɪɢɬɨɪɢɤɢɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɘȼɊɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɫɤɢɣɟɢɡɞ²
ɆɎɅɂɇɌȺɇɚɭɤɚɫ
ɐɟɣɬɥɢɧɋɇəɡɵɤɢɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɞɟɬɫɤɨɣɪɟɱɢɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɜɭɡɨɜɋɇɐɟɣɬɥɢɧ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚȼɥɚɞɨɫ²ɫ
ɅȺɆɟɫɟɧɹɲɢɧɚ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɆɟɫɟɧɹɲɢɧɚɅɸɞɦɢɥɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚ²ɞɨɤɬɨɪɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚPHVHQLDVKLQJ#PDLOUX
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ȼɊȿɄɅȺɆȿȻȿɁɊȿɐȿɉɌɍɊɇɕɏɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɂɏɉɊȿɉȺɊȺɌɈȼ
ɗɊɆɢɧɥɢɛɚɟɜɚ
ȻɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɍɮɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɟ
ɦɨɣɜ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɦɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɛɟɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜȾɚɧɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɤɚɤɢɥɸɛɨɣ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɨɞɬɢɩɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɦɬɨɜɚɪɟɐɟɥɶɸɪɟɤɥɚɦ
ɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɢɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɬɨɜɚɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɨɫɨɛɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
>ɋ@ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɧɟɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɬɨɜɚ
ɪɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹɜɧɚɲɟɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɛɟɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɩɨ
ɥɭɱɢɬɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɬɨɜɚɪɨɦɉɨɦɢɦɨ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɬɨɜɚɪɚ
ɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯɜɟɳɚɯɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɤɚɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦɜɨɨɛɳɟɊɟɤɥɚɦɚ
ɚɩɟɥɥɢɪɭɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɤɷɦɨɰɢɹɦɚɧɟɤɪɚɡɭɦɭɫɬɪɟ
ɦɹɫɶɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɜɢɞɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɫɩɟɰ
ɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɤɬɩɟɪɫɭɚɡɢɜɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɢɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚɤɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭȺɞɪɟɫɚɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧɤɭɩɢɬɶ
ɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɠɟɟɦɭɢɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɟɫɥɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɧɚ
ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɚɧɚɧɟɝɨȺɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɫɬɪɟ
ɦɢɬɫɹɧɟɧɚɫɢɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɩɭɬɟɦɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɜɜɟɫɬɢɟɝɨɜɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟ
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ɥɟɧɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɚɤɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɮɢɥɶɦɚ
ɋɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɤɪɵɬɵɯɩɪɢɟɦɨɜɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɦɚɧɢɩɭ
ɥɹɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɩɨɞɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɚɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ
ɜɧɟɦɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɥɢɛɨɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ>ɋ@Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɟɫɬɨɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɯɨɠɢɟɜɨɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɯɚɜɬɨɪɵɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɵɧɚɞɚɧɧɭɸɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɱɬɨɫɭɬɶɦɚ
ɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɤɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸȼɬɚɤɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɟɣɦɨ
ɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɥɸɛɚɹɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ>&@Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟɪɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɤɚɤ©ɡɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟª
ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢɉɪɢɬɚɤɨɦɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɟ
ɟɫɬɶɦɢɮ>ɋ@
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɱɬɢɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ
ɢɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɚɞɪɟ
ɫɚɬɚɛɟɡɟɝɨɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɱɬɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɜɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɧɟɦɨ
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ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɗɬɨɬɬɪɭɞɧɵɣɞɥɹɩɨɧɢɦɚ
ɧɢɹɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɫɬɵɤɟɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹɜɧɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɤɚɤɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɦɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢɨɛɪɚɡɠɢɡɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ>ɋ@
Ɇɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɱɚɫɬɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɊɟɤɥɚɦɚɠɟɧɚ
ɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɦɚɧɢɩɭ
ɥɹɰɢɟɣɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɨɛ
ɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɞɥɹɟɟ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɛɭɞɟɬɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɭɦɟɥɨɝɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɢɟɦɨɜɩɪɢɜɥɟ
ɱɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚɱɬɨɛɵɞɨɧɟɫɬɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɧɭɸɦɵɫɥɶɞɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯɪɨɥɢɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨ
ɛɨɣɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦɟɬɪɚɠɧɵɟɮɢɥɶɦɵɢɞɥɹɬɫɹɜɨɫɧɨɜ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɟɛɟɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɵɯɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɧɨɦɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɦɢɧɭɬȼɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɣɪɟɤɥɚɦɟɬɚɤɠɟ
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɨɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɬɨ
ɜɚɪɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɦɨɦɟɧɬɵɚɧɟɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ
ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣɬɟɤɫɬɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɬ
ɱɢɬɚɬɶɬɚɤɭɸɪɟɤɥɚɦɭɑɟɦɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɟɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ
ɬɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɟɲɚɧɫɨɜɱɬɨɧɚɧɟɟɨɛɪɚɬɹɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɢɩɪɨɱɬɭɬɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɧɚɞɨɥɝɨɨɬɥɨɠɢɬɫɹ
ɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɚɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɟɺɫɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɹɪɱɟɢɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɟɟ
ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ>ɋ@
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹ
ɰɢɸɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɤɚɤɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɦɵɲ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦɥɸɞɟɣɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɹɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɦɜɜɢɞɭɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɦɟɠɞɭɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɨ
ɞɚɬɟɥɹɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɜɨɟ ɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɯɨɪɨɲɢɣɬɨɜɚɪ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɛɨɪɶɛɵɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɤɥɚɦɨɞɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɉɨɫɜɨɟɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɬɶɷɬɢɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɢɥɥɸɡɢɸɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹɪɟ
ɲɟɧɢɣɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɋɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɟɣɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɊɹɞɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȽɸɫɬɚɜɅɟȻɨɧ ɞɟɥɚɥɢɚɤɰɟɧɬɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɜɧɭ
ɲɟɧɢɹɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɢɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɦɚɧɢ
ɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɞɥɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɤɨɧ
ɬɪɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɍɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ²ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɯɨɞɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɮɚɤɬɵ
ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɫɰɟɥɶɸɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶ
ɬɚɬɚȼɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɝɞɟ
ɟɦɭɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɪɹɞɞɨɜɨɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɧɨɫɦɵɫ
ɥɢɜɚɟɬɢɦɨɠɟɬɥɢɛɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɥɢɛɨɨɬɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ
ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɜɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɨɦɢɦɨɥɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɹɛɟɡɨɫɨɛɨɣɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɮɟɪɭɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɹɫɶɬɚɦɜɤɚɱɟ
ɫɬɜɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɹɦɨɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɦɚ
ɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɟɣɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɜɬɨɪ
ɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣɢɞɟɢɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɟɬɩɪɹɦɨɟɢɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɷɬɨɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ©əªɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ȼɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɧɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɭɬɟɦɭɦɟɥɨɝɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɝɞɟ
ɦɵɫɥɢɢɞɭɬɜɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦɞɥɹɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦɬɚɣɧɨȻɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹ
ɰɢɹɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɬɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɢɡɧɚɧɢɣɑɟɪɟɡɜɨɨɛ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɬɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɤɚɤ
ɢɧɚɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɧɚɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɜɨ
ɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɞ
ɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɭɹɡɜɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɩɟɪɟɞɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ
ɍɦɟɥɨɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦɭ©ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɸªɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦɢɞɚɠɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɌɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ©ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢ
ɬɟɥɟɣªɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɢɥɢ
ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɥɢɹɬɶɧɚɟɝɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɢɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɗɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɟɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɩɨ
ɞɚɱɢɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɜɫɟɯ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ
ɞɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɲɢɛɨɤɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɦɚ
ɧɢɹ >ɋɋɋ@
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɪɟɤɥɚɦɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣɜɟɫɶɦɚɜɚɠɧɵɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɦɚɫɫɨ
ɜɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɊɟɤɥɚɦɚɩɪɢɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɮɚɤɬɨ
ɪɨɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɑɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɲɥɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɨɜɭɸɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ
ɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɭɸɫɬɚɞɢɸɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɡɵ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɨɣɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɟɣɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹɪɚɡ
ɥɢɱɧɵɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɟɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟ
ɦɵɩɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɢȼɫɟɷɬɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɤɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɜɫɟɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɂɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ
ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɟɬɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɧɟɧɢɹɨɛɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɦɢɪɟ
ɦɵɫɥɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɆɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ©ɜɬɨɪɭɸɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸª
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɸɟɝɨɩɨ
ɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɭɤɚɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ
ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɝɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɡɚɳɢɬɵɨɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɦɚɫɫɦɟɞɢɚ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɦɵɫɥɢɟɦɨɝɭɬɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɝɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɫɬɵɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ
©ɪɚɫɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɬɶªɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ©ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚ
ɧɵªɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɉɪɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɦɚɫ
ɫɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɫɨɛɵɣɚɤɰɟɧɬɞɟɥɚɸɬɧɚɫɬɪɚɯɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ©ɛɵɬɶɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦªɜɫɥɟɞ
ɫɬɜɢɟɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɨɧɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɤɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɝɪɭɩɩɚɦȼɢɬɨɝɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɬɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɦɭɨɧɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɪɨɥɶɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ²ɷɬɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ
ɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɬɨɜɚ
ɪɚ Ɋɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɩɨ
ɦɨɳɶɸɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɷɦɨɰɢɢɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɤɚȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɍɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɤɭ
ɩɢɬɶɬɨɱɬɨɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɛɪɷɧɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɞɨɜ
ɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢȻɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɹɪɤɢɦɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɥɢɛɨ
ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɦɭɫɥɨɝɚɧɭɡɚɧɹɬɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ
ɧɚɞɨɥɝɨɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜ>ɋ
ɋɋɋ@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɟɤɥɚ
ɦɨɞɚɬɟɥɢɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ
ɢɷɦɨɰɢɢɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɜɧɭɲɚɹɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ
ɫɬɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣɬɨɜɚɪ
ȼɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɫɛɟɡɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɧɵɦɢɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɢ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɝɥɚɜɧɨɣɰɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ²ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦɉɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɣɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɤɭɩɨɤɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɨ
ɧɟɨɛɞɭɦɚɧɧɨȽɥɚɜɧɚɹɡɚɞɚɱɚɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɹɡɚɤɥɸɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɩɨɪɨɝɚɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɢɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟ
ɝɨȿɫɥɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɹɬɪɭɞɧɨɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɟɝɨɜɵɛɨɪȾɥɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɟ
ɩɪɢɟɦɵɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɝɞɚɥɸɞɢɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɟɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ
ɫɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢɢɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɤɚɤ
ɨɧɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɚɥɢɹɯɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɫɹ
ɨɫɜɨɟɦɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɜɢɞɟ ɋɚɦɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɢɞɟɬɢɦɟɧɧɨɨɬɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬɜɫɨɰɢɭɦɟɅɸɞɢɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɛɨɬɹɬɫɹ
ɨɫɜɨɟɦɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɭɞɟɥɹɸɬɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɛɵɛɵɬɶ
ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɦɢɆɢɪɨɜɵɟɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɫɬɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɵɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɬɨɜɚɪɜɧɭɲɚɸɬ
ɟɳɺɛɨɥɶɲɟɞɨɜɟɪɢɹɪɟɤɥɚɦɟɄɚɠɞɵɣɪɟɤɥɚɦɨɞɚ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɪɢ
ɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɬɨɜɚɪɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɟɬɤɫɬɚɧ
ɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɷɩɢɬɟɬɚɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɮɨɧɟɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ
ɗɊɆɢɧɥɢɛɚɟɜɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɜɢɧɵɢɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣ
ɫɬɜɚɛɵɬɶɧɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦɉɨɜɬɨɪɫɥɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɯɮɪɚɡɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ>ɋ@
ɉɪɢɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɵɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɧɨɢɤɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦ ɢɥɥɸ
ɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɲɪɢɮɬɵɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯ
ɧɨɫɬɢ >ɋ@ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦɵɫɥɟɣɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɢ
ɱɟɦɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɟɤɫɬɊɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɧɚɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɚɩɨɬɨɦɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɞɟɤɨ
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɫɰɜɟɬɧɨɣ
ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɲɧɟɟɨɧɚɛɪɨɫɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɝɥɚɡɚɢɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɫɨ
ɛɨɣɦɢɪɝɪɟɡɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɥɸɞɹɦɢɜɟɳɚɦɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>ɋ@ȼɫɟɩɨɡɢɬɢɜ
ɧɵɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɫɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ
ɬɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬɪɟɤɥɚɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣɛɟɡɪɟɰɟɩ
ɬɭɪɧɵɣɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɐɟɥɶɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢɭɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯɷɦɨɰɢɣ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɷɬɢɦɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ>ɋ@
Ɍɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɪɟɤɥɚɦɵɫɩɪɟɹɨɬɛɨɥɢ
ɜɝɨɪɥɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɦɟɞɜɟɞɶɧɚɮɨɧɟɥɟɫɚɢɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ
ɧɟɛɚɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɡɧɚ
ɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɢɫ Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣɫɥɨɝɚɧ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ ȻȻɄ
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ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɁȺɉȺȾɇɈɌɘɊɄɋɄɈȽɈɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺ
ȼɍɁȻȿɄɋɄɈɆɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɈɆəɁɕɄȿȾɀȺȾɂȾɋɄɈȽɈɉȿɊɂɈȾȺ
ɋɭɥɬɨɧɗɇɨɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜ
ɌɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɦȺɥɢɲɟɪɚɇɚɜɨɢ
Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɟɫɫɟɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɧɚɭɱɧɨɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶɢɯ
ɫɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɞɠɚɞɢɞɢɡɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɱɚɝɚɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ©ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤª
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɝɭɡɫɤɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɚɬɚɪɢɡɦɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɨɪɦɵɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɮɨɪɦɵɫɥɨɜɜɭɥɶɝɚɪɢɡɦɵ
ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɦɟɟɬɞɚɜɧɸɸ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨɧɚɬɪɢɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞȺɥɢɲɟɪɚɇɚɜɨɢ ɷɩɨɯɚɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɚɹɧɚɱɚɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɨɛɳɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ ;,9²;9,,,ɜɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ
ɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɣȺɥɢɲɟɪɚɇɚɜɨɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɫɤɥɚɫɫɢ
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɜɟɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɬɢɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣɷɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɬɚɥɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɜɞɨɯ
ɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɭɱɢ
ɬɵɜɚɹɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɬɚɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟ
ɥɟɣɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɤɚɤɒȻɨɛɨɦɭɪɨɞɨɜɚ
ɘɋɚɢɞɨɜɏɍɡɚɤɨɜɌɌɨɝɚɟɜɅȾɠɚɥɚɥɨɜɚ
ɁɑɨɪɢɟɜɚɏɄɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɢɞɪɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ
ɬɚɤɢɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɤɚɤɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɹɡɵɤɭɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ
ɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɢɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɜɤɨɧɰɟ;,;²ɧɚɱɚɥɟɏɏɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɇɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɭɫɭɝɭɛɢɥɢɫɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɫɬɚɥɢɨɫɬɪɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧ
ɧɵɟɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦɢɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɤɭɩɟɫɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɛɵɥɨ
ɪɟɲɚɬɶɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɚɞɚɱɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ
ɢɩɭɬɢɟɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ
ɹɡɵɤɭɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɤɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢɜɵɡɨ
ɜɚɦɢɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
Ɇɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟɥɡɚɪɚɦɤɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɰɢɢɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥ
ɞɢɥɟɦɦɭɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜȽɨɜɨɪɹɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯɜɵɡɜɚɜɲɢɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɚ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɷɬɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɛɚɪɶɟɪɵɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟ
ɱɢɹɗɬɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɢɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ
ȼɤɨɧɰɟɏ,ɏ²ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɏɏɜɟɤɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢɫɬɚɥɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɲɚɝɢɤɜɵɜɨɞɭɹɡɵɤɚɢɡɩɨɞɜɥɢ
ɹɧɢɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɤɟɟɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɸɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢɬɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɧɨɪɦɵɹɡɵɤɚ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɫɬɚɥɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɤɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɟɢɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɢɞɟɢɨɹɤɨɛɵɨɬɫɬɚ
ɥɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɧɹɬɶɨɩɵɬ
ɢɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɡɚɫɱɟɬɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚ
ɥɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɜɷɬɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɨɩɪɨ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢɪɨɥɢɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɹ
ɋɬɚɥɢɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɜɡɝɥɹɞɵɨɬɪɢɰɚ
ɸɳɢɟɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɡɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɥɢɫɶɢɞɟɢɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɨɛɳɟɬɸɪɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɟɞɢɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ
Ɍɚɤɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɫɬɚɥɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣɢɧɟ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɤɪɭɝɚɯɛɨɪɸɳɢɯɫɹɡɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɚɹɰɚɪɫɤɨɣ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ
Ⱥɡɢɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɛɵɥɚɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɫɦɵɫɥɟ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹɨɬɩɪɟɠɧɢɯ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
Ʉɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ©ɬɚɦɝɞɟɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɵɯɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɩɨɞɞɚɧ
ɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɛɵɥɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ
ɝɚɡɟɬɵɧɚɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɚɠɟɟɫɥɢɢɧɚɧɟɦɞɨɥɹ
ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɵɯɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚȼɌɛɢɥɢɫɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦɜɝɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦ
ɨɮɢɰɢɨɡɨɦ©Ɍɛɢɥɢɫɫɤɢɟɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢªɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɜɵ
ɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ©Ɍɩɢɥɢɫɢɫɭɰɤɟ
ɛɚɧɢªɚɫɝɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɧɚɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ²©Ɍɢɮɥɢɫ
ɷɯɛɚɪɵªɋɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦɋɪɟɞɧɟɣȺɡɢɢɡɞɟɫɶɫ
ɝɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ©Ɍɭɪɤɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɢɟɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢª
ɚɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɤɧɢɦ²
ɝɚɡɟɬɵɧɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦ ɬɨɱɧɟɟɱɚɝɚɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɤɚɡɚɯ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɑɚɫɬɧɚɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɤɚɜɨɞɧɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɧɶɲɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɨɦ²
ɫɝ ɜɞɪɭɝɢɯ²ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɡɠɟ ɧɚɚɡɟɪ
ɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɦ²ɫɝ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɧɟɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚ
ɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɧɟɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬɟɟɧɨɢɧɟɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ²ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɩɨɤɚ
ɬɚɧɟɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬɭɫɬɨɟɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚª>&²@
Ɉɛɳɟɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɴɟɦɤɨɧɰɚ;,;²
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;;ɜɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɢɢɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢɤɩɪɨ
ɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɸɫɜɨɢɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɯɨɬɹɞɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚ
ɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ
ɝɛɵɥɨɟɳɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢ
ɲɢɪɟɜɧɟɞɪɹɥɢɫɶɜɲɤɨɥɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ
ɤɧɢɝɨɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɢɟɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɜɨɞɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɂɅɟɜɢɧɵɦ ɝ ɜɝɧɚɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɛɵɥɨɢɡɞɚɧɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɣɨɛɳɢɦɬɢɪɚ
ɠɨɦ ɰɢɬɩɨ>Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ@ ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦ
ɫɬɨɢɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɟɝɨ
ɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ²ɜɩɪɨ
ɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɫɮɟɪɵɌɚɤɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ
ɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɷɬɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɤɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤ
ɏɨɬɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟɱɢɫɥɨɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯɤɧɢɝɜɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɧɚɮɨɧɟɦɨɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɤɨɥɨɧɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɦɩɟɪɢɣɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȻɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɧɨɧɟɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨ
ɫɱɢɫɥɨɦɢɡɞɚɧɢɣɢɬɢɪɚɠɚɦɢɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɦɢɩɨɫɥɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɜɋɋɋɊɬɚɤɜɝ
ɧɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɛɵɥɨɢɡɞɚɧɨɤɧɢɝɢɬɢɪɚɠɨɦ
ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜɱɬɨɜɪɚɡɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬɱɢɫɥɨ
ɝ
ɋɭɥɬɨɧɗɇɨɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɧɢɹɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹɟɝɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɥɶ
ɢɦɟɫɬɨɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɇɨɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣɩɟɪɢ
ɨɞɹɡɵɤɨɦɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɵɥ©ɹɡɵɤ
ɢɫɥɚɦɚª²ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɣɚɜɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɭɱ
ɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɛɨɪɶɛɚɡɚɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟɟɝɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɫɬɚɥɢ
ɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɂɬɚɤɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɛɨɫɬɪɢɥɚɫɶɛɨɪɶɛɚɦɟɠ
ɞɭɬɟɦɢɤɬɨɪɚɞɟɥɡɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɨɛɳɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɢɬɟɦɢɤɬɨɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɫɹɤɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɧɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɨɞɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜȼɟɥɢɫɶɫɩɨɪɵɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɦɟɠɞɭ©ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɦɢªɢ©ɨɬɫɬɚɥɵɦɢª
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶɧɚɮɚɤɬɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ
ɦɨɫɬɶɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɉɨɦɢɦɨ
ɷɬɨɝɨɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɥɨɫɶɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɯɪɚɧɟ
ɧɢɟɦɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
Ʉɚɤɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶɜɵɲɟɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɭɠɟ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɚɹɩɪɟɫɫɚ ɝɚɡɟɬɵɢɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ ɢɟɟɹɡɵɤɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɬɢɥɟɣɢɛɨ
ɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜȼɷɬɨɣɩɪɟɫɫɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɤɚɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɹɡɵɤ
ɬɚɤɢɟɝɨɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɜɩɪɟɫɫɭɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɥɨɞɚɠɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟ
ɱɢɟɷɬɢɫɥɭɱɚɢɧɟɞɚɜɚɥɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɟɞɢɧɨɣɧɨɪɦɟ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶɢɧɨɜɵɟɜɟɹɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ
ɢɞɟɸɟɞɢɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɈɠɢɜɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɞ
ɪɚɠɚɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɞɪɭɝɨɦɭȼɢɬɨɝɟɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɟɫɫɚɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɵɢɮɨɪɦɵɢɡɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞ
ɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɗɬɨɛɵɥɨɞɨɫɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɱɟɦɭɦɨɠɧɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɨɫɦɚɧ
ɫɤɢɣɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɣɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɣɢ©ɱɚɝɚɬɚɣɫɤɢɟª
ɫɬɚɪɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɨɬɨɛɳɟɬɸɪɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɫɧɨɜɵɢɧɟɤɨɝɞɚɛɵɥɢɟɝɨɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚ
ɦɢ>@
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟɨɰɟɧɤɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɬɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɤ©ɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɵɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚªɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɩɪɟɫɫɟ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɧɚɱɚɥɚɏɏɜɟɤɚ
ɧɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɞɚɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɜɹɡɵɤɨɡ
ɧɚɧɢɢɧɟɧɚɲɥɚɫɜɨɟɝɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧ
ɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɬɨɜɤɚɤɢɯɠɚɧ
ɪɚɯɢɫɬɢɥɹɯɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶɢɯ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɞɚɧɚɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚɞɚɧɧɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɧɟɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɤ©ɨɝɭɡɫɤɢɦɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɚɦªɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɦɫɹɜɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɭɱɟɧɵɜɭɡ
ɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɢɯɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹɢɡɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɜɟɬɚɧɚɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɧɚɦɧɟɨɛ
ɯɨɞɢɦɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɨɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɉɟɪɜɵɦɤɬɨ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɛɵɥɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɟɞȺɄȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɉɨɟɝɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɜɩɟɪɢɨɞ²ɝɨɞɨɜ
ɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɧɟɤɢɣ
©ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣªɹɡɵɤɇɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɨɧɛɵɥ©ɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚªȼɧɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɬɚɬɚɪɢɡɦɨɜɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
©ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚªȺɄȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɨɛɴɹɫɧɹ
ɟɬɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɚɬɚɪɢɡɦɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɬɚɤ
©Ɍɚɬɚɪɢɡɦɵɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɟɫ
ɫɵɈɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɷɬɨɝɨɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ
ɦɨɠɧɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɧɚɢɞɟɣɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɊɨɫɫɢɢɄɪɵɦɚ
ȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚɢɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɌɭɪɰɢɢª>ɋ@
ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸȺɄȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɚɷɬɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɛɵɥɢ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣɢɬɚɬɚɪ
ɫɤɨɣɩɪɟɫɫɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɣ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢɜɊɨɫɫɢɸɌɭɪɰɢɸɂɪɚɧ
ɂɯɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤ©ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɨɱɟɧɶɩɪɨɱɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɨɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢɫɶ
ɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɟɱɚɬɢª>ɋ@
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɬɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɢɡɬɚɬɚɪ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɧɟɩɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢ
ɜɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɣɩɪɟɫɫɟ©Ɍɚɬɚɪɢɡɦɵɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯɤɨɝɞɚɝɥɚɫɧɵɟɩɪɨɢɡ
ɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɨª>ɋ@
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɤɚɤɧɚɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ȺɄȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ
ɢɪɨɥɶɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ȿɫɥɢɫɨɝɥɚɲɚɬɶɫɹɫɟɝɨɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢɬɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɩɨɱɟɦɭɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɷɬɢ©ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹªɧɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶɜɧɨɪɦɚɯɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ"
ȺɄȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɫɜɨɟɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɧɢ
ɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ²ɝɝ
©Ʉɚɤɨɜɨɛɵɥɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɠɢɜɨɦɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɜɩɟɪɢɨɞ
²ɝɝ"ɑɬɨɛɵɞɚɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɷɬɨɬɜɨɩɪɨɫ
ɧɚɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɨɛɳɢɯɱɟɪɬɚɯɧɚɷɬɨɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɦɨɠɧɨ
ɞɚɬɶɬɚɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɜɩɟɪɢɨɞ²ɝɝɜɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɛɵɥɩɪɨɞɨɥ
ɠɟɧɢɟɦɫɬɚɪɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɢɛɵɥɞɚɥɟɤɨɬɠɢɜɨɝɨɪɚɡ
ɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɈɫɧɨɜɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɩɟɪɢɨɞɟɧɟɛɵɥɠɢɜɨɣɧɚ
ɪɨɞɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɨɬɪɟɡɤɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɜɫɩɨɪɚɯɨɛɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɟɛɵɥɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɵ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜª>ɋ@
ȿɳɟɨɞɧɢɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ©ɡɚɩɚɞ
ɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚªɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɠɚ
ɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɛɵɥɩɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ
ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɉɢɪɢɦɤɭɥɄɚɞɵɪɨɜȺɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɫɥɨɜɨ
«ɬɭΕɞɢΕɢɦª ɝɞɟɹɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɜɫɬɢ
ɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɹȺɛɞɭɥɥɵ
Ⱥɜɥɚɧɢɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɨɧɩɢɲɟɬ
©Ɍɭɪɟɰɤɨɟɢɥɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɟɫɥɨɜɨ©ɬɭΕɞɢΕɢɦª
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟȺɜɥɚɧɢɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɸɬɚɤɤɚɤɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɣɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧ
ɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɪɚɧɶɲɟɱɟɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɢɜɩɭɬɶɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚȺɛɞɭɥɥɚ
Ⱥɜɥɚɧɢɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɨɩɵɬɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɭɠɢɜɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɝɚɡɟɬɚɯɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯȺɛɞɭɥɥɨɣȺɜɥɚɧɢ
ɜɟɝɨɤɧɢɝɚɯɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɦɧɨɝɨɬɭɪɟɰ
ɤɢɯɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ«ȼɨɞɧɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟȺɛɞɭɥɥɚȺɜɥɚɧɢɞɚɠɟɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɵɫɬɪɚɢ
ɜɚɟɬɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɧɚɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɦ©ɛɚɧɢɦΙɚɥɚɦɢɦ
ɢɥɚɧɚɲɪʆɥɢɧɚɠɚΙɤɢɬɨɛɥɚɪª ɤɧɢɝɢɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɦɧɨɣ ª>ɋ@
ɉɢɪɢɦɤɭɥɄɚɞɵɪɨɜɧɟɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɪɨɥɶ
ɢɦɟɫɬɨɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ
ɞɟɧɢɹɯȺɜɥɚɧɢɤɚɤȺȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜɚɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨɨɧɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟ©Ɍɚɤɨɟɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɟɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ȺɛɞɭɥɥɵȺɜɥɚɧɢɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨ
ȿɝɨɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ©Ɍɭɪɤɢɣɝɭɥɢɫɬɨɧª ©Ɍɸɪɤɫɤɢɣ
Ƚɭɥɢɫɬɚɧª ©Ȼɢɪɢɧɱɢɦɭɚɥɥɢɦª ©ɉɟɪɜɵɣɭɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶª ©ɂɤɤɢɧɱɢɦɭɚɥɥɢɦª ©ȼɬɨɪɨɣɭɱɢɬɟɥɶª ©Ⱥɞɚɛɢɺɬɺɯɭɞɦɢɥɥɢɣɲɟɴɪɥɚɪª ©Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɢɥɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɬɢɯɢª ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɭɱɲɢɦɢɨɛ
ɪɚɡɰɚɦɢɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɜɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɢɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɹɡɵɤɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚª>ɋ@
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯɢɡɨɫɦɚɧ
ɫɤɨɝɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɢɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɗɬɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɨɣɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɟɣ
ɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɬɟɦɱɬɨɞɠɚ
ɞɢɞɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɢɢɦɟɥɢɬɟɫɧɵɟɥɢɱɧɵɟɫɜɹ
ɡɢɫɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɦɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɦɢɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɦɢ
ɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢɢɱɢɬɚɥɢɩɪɟɫɫɭɢɡɞɚɧɧɭɸɧɚɷɬɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɫɬɚɬɶɢɫɚɦɢɯɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɯ
ɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣɬɚɤɠɟɱɚɫɬɨɩɟɱɚɬɚ
ɥɢɫɶɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯɢɚɞɦɢɧɢ
ɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ>ɋ²@
ȼɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚ
ɬɭɪɵɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɦɧɨɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɱɢɬɚ
ɥɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɠɭɪɧɚɥɵɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɟɜȺɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɟ
©Ɇɨɥɨɞɨɟɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɤɏɚɦɡɚ
ɋɚɞɪɢɞɞɢɧȺɣɧɢȺɛɞɭɥɥɚɄɚɞɵɪɢɋɭɮɢɡɚɞɟȺɠɡɢ
Ⱥɜɥɚɧɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɨɦɧɨɝɢɦɢɜɢɞɧɵɦɢɩɪɨ
ɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɋɪɟɞɧɟɣȺɡɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɱɢɬɚɥɢ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ“Ɇɭɥɥɚɇɚɫɪɢɞɞɢɧ´ ɏɨɞɠɚɇɚɫɪɟɞɞɢɧ “Ⱦɚɛɢɫɬɚɧ´ɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟɜȻɚɤɭȼɬɨɜɪɟɦɹȺɜɥɚɧɢ
ɄɚɞɵɪɢȺɠɡɢɢɦɟɥɢɥɢɱɧɵɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵɫɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ“Ɇɭɥɥɚɇɚɫɪɢɞɞɢɧ´²ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɫɚɬɢɪɢ
ɤɨɦȾɠɚɥɢɥɨɦɆɭɯɚɦɦɚɞɤɭɥɢɡɚɞɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɦ
ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟ“ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɣȽɨɝɨɥɶ´ª>ɋ@
Ɇɨɠɧɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɬɚɤɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɹɫɬɚɥɢɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɹɡɵɤɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢɳɟɤɨɬɥɢɜɵɦɩɟɪɢ
ɨɞɨɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɪɚɫ
ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɜɵɲɟɜɧɟɲɧɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɧɚɧɨɜɵɣ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɵɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɩɟɪɜɵɟ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɨɪɦɵɛɵɥɢɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɂɦɟɧɧɨɬɚɤɢɟɜɵɜɨɞɵɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɜɨɬɧɨ
ɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɏɚɦɡɵɏɚɩɤɢɦɡɚɞɟɇɢɹɡɢ
ȿɫɥɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɬɢɯɢɏɚɦɡɵɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜ²ɝɨɞɚɯɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɭɜɢɞɟɬɶɜɧɢɯɛyɥɶ
ɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɣɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɱɟɦɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȼɟɝɨ
ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭ
ɸɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɢɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɏɚɦɡɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭ>ɋ@
ɋɭɥɬɨɧɗɇɨɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜ
ɇɚɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧ
ɬɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɬɚɤɠɟɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɒȻɚɛɚɦɭɪɚɞɨɜɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɗɥɛɟɤɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɞɚɧɧɵɣ
ɮɚɤɬ>ɋ@ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟɏɏɜɟɤɚɜɬɚɤɢɯɝɨɪɨɞɚɯɤɚɤ
ɋɬɚɦɛɭɥɄɚɡɚɧɶȻɚɤɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɜɰɟɧɬɪɵ
ɧɚɭɤɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɧɚɱɚɥɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɝɪɭɩɩɵɭɱɟ
ɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɨɜɢɡɭɱɚɜɲɢɯɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɈɧɢ
ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɛɭɤɜɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɭɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ©Ԕɚɜɨɢɞɢɥɢɫɨɧɢɬɭɪɤɢɣª
©Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚª ©Ԕɚɜɨɢɞɢɬɭɪɤɢɣª
©Ɍɸɪɤɫɤɚɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚª ɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɬɪɭɞɵ
Ʉɚɤɠɟɧɭɠɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭ
ɟɦɵɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ"Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɩɨɧɹɬɶɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɚɥɢ
ɱɢɹɷɬɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɱɬɨɨɧɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ"ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɥɢɨɧɢ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ"ɂɦɟɸɬɥɢɷɬɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɚɤɨɟ
ɥɢɛɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɝɭɡɫɤɢɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɜɫɬɪɟ
ɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɜɫɬɚɪɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ"
Ʉɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸɧɚɷɬɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɩɨɤɚɧɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɚ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɢɯɩɨɜɨɞɭɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɧɟɫɬɢɬɟɨɪɢɹɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɚɹɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɨɦ
ȺɡɢɦɨɦɏɚɞɠɢɟɜɵɦɈɧɧɟɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɜɨ
ɞɨɜɱɬɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɤɨɧɰɟ
ɏ,ɏ²ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɏɏɜɟɤɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɹɜ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɱɬɨɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɟɷɥɟ
ɦɟɧɬɵɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɟɳɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨɞɨɷɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɈɧɩɢɲɟɬɱɬɨ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɬɪɟɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜ²ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɢɪɭɫɫɤɨ
ɝɨɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɨɱɟɧɶɦɚɥɨɨɧɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɢɡɧɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ɂɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɷɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɧɟɧɟɩɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɬɚɪɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɱɢ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɦɟɫɬɨɮɨɪɦɚɣɬɝɚɧ
ɫɟɜɝɚɧɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ±ɝɚɧɜɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ
ɞɨɏɏɜɟɤɚɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɭɱɚɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɨɪɦɚɣɬɦɢɲɫɟɜɞɢΕɢɗɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨ
ɞɨɥɠɢɥɢɫɶɢɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɧɢɯ
ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɮɨɪɦɵɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟɚɮɮɢɤɫɚɦɢɦɢɲ
-ɞɢΕɢɫɩɭɫɬɹɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞ
ɤɟɜɵɲɥɢɢɡɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɥɢɫɶɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɮɨɪɦɚɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ±ɦɨΙɞɚ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɫɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɮɚɤ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭɡ
ɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɁɧɚɱɢɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ
ɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɧɟɥɶɡɹɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɧɟɩɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɭɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ©ɩɪɨɞɨɥ
ɠɟɧɢɟɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɜɫɬɚɪɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟª>ɋ@
Ⱥɏɨɞɠɢɟɜɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɜɹɡɵɤɟɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ©ɇɚ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɯɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɝɨɞɚɦɏɏɜɟɤɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɬɚ
ɬɚɪɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɬɚɤɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɤɚɤ
©ɚɣɬɚɥɚɪª©ɺɡɚɪΕɚɬɟɝɢɲª©ɚɣɬɚɪΕɚɦɭɦɤɢɧª
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɲɢɪɨɤɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɦɵɦɢɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɗɬɨ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɥɶɡɹɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɈɧɨɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ
ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢɜɫɮɟɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɵɄɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɧɨɪɦɧɚɜɫɟɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɡ
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɡɧɵɦɞɢɚ
ɥɟɤɬɚɦɢɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɞɥɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ
ɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɤɪɵɥɢɞɨɪɨɝɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɯɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɋɩɭɫɬɹ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯɤɚɤɧɨɪɦɚɞɥɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɬɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɯɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɜɵɲɥɢɢɡɩɢɫɶ
ɦɚɧɚɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɟɁɧɚɱɢɬɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɷɥɟ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɟɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɮɚɤɬɨɦɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚª>ɋ@
ȼɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɞɨɜɨɞɵȺɏɨɞɠɢɟɜɚɦɨɠ
ɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɧɨɜɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɪɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɦɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɷɬɢɦ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɬɚɤɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɤɚɤɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɠɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹəɜɥɹɥɨɫɶɥɢ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ
ɢɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚɜɚɠɧɵɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɜɬɨɬɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɟɝɨɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚ
ɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ
ɨɬɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ"
ȼɵɲɟɛɵɥɨɫɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɚɹɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧ
ɰɢɹɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚɜɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɣɩɪɟɫɫɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɆɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɚɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɹ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɝɚ
ɡɟɬɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɚɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɯɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɢɫɥɨɜɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬ
ȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɧɟɤɚɤɡɚɢɦ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɤɚɤɧɟɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɧɨɹɡɵɱ
ɧɵɟɜɤɪɚɩɥɟɧɢɹɜɚɪɜɚɪɢɡɦɵȾɟɥɨɜɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɤɨɝɞɚɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɢɧɚɹɡɵɤɧɭɠɧɨɢɦɟɬɶ
ɜɜɢɞɭɢɦɟɧɧɨɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɞɪɭɝɢɦȿɫɥɢɛɵɷɬɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɛɵɥɢ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɦɢɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
ɬɨɨɧɢɧɟɬɚɤɥɟɝɤɨɜɵɲɥɢɛɵɢɡɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɟɢɧɬɟɥ
ɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɵɛɵɥɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɜɩɪɟɫɫɟɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɞɨɯɝɨɞɨɜɌɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɣɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɣ
ɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɦɟɥɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɧɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɇɨɷɬɨɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɧɟɛɵɥɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
Ɉɧɛɵɥɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ
Ɉɝɭɡɫɤɢɣɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɫɬɚɥɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɦɵɫ
ɥɟɫɥɨɜɚɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɧɨɜɨɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɗɬɨɧɚ
ɝɥɹɞɧɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɥɨ
ɜɢɧɟ;,;ɜɟɤɚɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɞɨɯɝɨɞɨɜɏɏɜɟɤɚ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɨɪɦɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɹɡɵɤɚ
ɩɪɟɫɫɵɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣȼɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫɬɟɦɧɟɥɶɡɹɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɶɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɚ²©ɫɚɪɬɢɱɢɝɚɬɚɣɭɡɛɟɤª²ɧɚɯɨ
ɞɢɥɫɹɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɬɟ
ɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɥɟɬ ɩɨɥɜɟɤɚ ɱɬɨɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ
ɤɚɤɜɩɪɟɫɫɟɬɚɤɢɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɹɡɵ
ɤɚɯɗɬɨɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɹɡɵɤɟɬɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɨɬ
ɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɟɦɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɧɚɱɚɥɚ;;ɜɟɤɚɈɞɧɚɝɪɭɩɩɚɢɧɬɟɥ
ɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɨɜɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɚɡɚɬɨɱɬɨɛɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɹɡɵɤɛɵɥɬɚɤɢɦɠɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ
ɤɚɤɢɫɬɚɪɵɣɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɞɪɭ
ɝɚɹɝɪɭɩɩɚɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɚɡɚɬɨɱɬɨɛɵɹɡɵɤɛɵɥɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɥɸɞɹɦɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ
ɢɥɟɝɤɢɦɞɥɹɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɪɨɞɨɥ
ɠɚɥɚɫɶɛɨɪɶɛɚɡɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɭɥɬɨɧɗɇɨɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜ
ɋɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɨɛɜɢɧɹɥɢɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢ
ɤɨɜɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɜ©ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɭɥɢɰɟªɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɡɝɥɹɞɚ
ɨɛɜɢɧɹɥɢɨɩɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɪɟɬɪɨɝɪɚɞɫɬɜɟɈɛɷɬɨɦ
ɫɩɨɪɟɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬɢɞɟɢɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɨɜɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɞɚ
ɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɬɚɤɢɯɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯɤɚɤ©Ɉɤɧɨª
©ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹª©Ɋɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹª
ȼɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨ
ɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɞɠɚɞɢɞɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɟɥɢɤɨɜȼɂɄɪɵɫɢɧɅɉɋɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ²ɆɂɡɞɜɨɊȽȽɍ²ɫ
ȻɨɪɨɜɤɨɜȺɄɍɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɜɩɟɪɢɨɞ²ɝɝ²ɌɎɚɧ²ɫ
ȻɟɪɟɡɢɧɎɆɈɱɟɪɤɢɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɤɨɧɟɰ;,;²ɧɚɱɚɥɨ;;ɜ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ
²ɫ
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜȼȼɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ɇɚɫɢɥɨɜȾɆɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ²Ʌɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
Ԕɨɞɢɪɨɜɉɏɚɥԕɬɢɥɢɜɚɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɩɪɨɡɚ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɢɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɨɡɚɧɚɭɡɛɹɡ ²
ɌɎɚɧ²ɫ
ɍɡɛɟɤɚɞɚɛɢɺɬɢɬɚɪɢɯɢ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɚɭɡɛɹɡ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ²Ɍɍɤɢɬɭɜɱɢ
²ɫ
ɇɢɺɡɢɣԞԞɌɭɥɚɚɫɚɪɥɚɪɬɭɩɥɚɦɢɂɤɤɢɧɱɢɬɨɦԞɚɦɡɚԞɚɤɢɦɡɨɞɚɇɢɺɡɢɣ ɉɨɥɧɨɟɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣȼɬɨɪɨɣɌɨɦɏɚɦɡɚɏɚɤɢɦɡɨɞɚɇɢɹɡɢɇɚɭɡɛɹɡ ²ɌɆɚɴɧɚɜɢɬ²ɫ
Ȼɨɛɨɦɭɪɨɞɨɜɚɒɗȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɲɭɧɨɫɥɢɝɢɪɢɜɨɠɢɞɚɗɥɛɟɤɧɢɧɝɪɨɥɢ Ɋɨɥɶɗɥɶɛɟɤɚɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɧɚɭɡɛɹɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ²ɌȺɇɊɍɡ²ɫ
ɋɨɜɟɬɞɚɜɪɢɞɚʆɡɛɟɤɚɞɚɛɢɣɬɢɥɢɧɢɧɝɬɚɪɚԕԕɢɺɬɢ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɜɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɭɡɛɹɡ ²,²ɌɎɚɧ²ɫ
ɆɚɯɦɭɞɨɜɇɁɨɥɨɬɨɣɫɭɧɞɭɤɧɚɲɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ Ɍɢɥɢɦɢɡɧɢɧɝɬɢɥɥɚɫɚɧɞɢԑɢ ɌȺɞɚɛɢɺɬɜɚɫɚɧɴɚɬ
²ɋ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɇɨɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜɋɭɥɬɨɧɛɟɤɗɪɦɚɦɚɬɨɜɢɱ²ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɁɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ
ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɌɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɦȺɥɢɲɟɪɚ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ¶
ȻȻɄ
'2,
ɊȿȺɅɂɁȺɐɂəɄɈɇɐȿɉɌȺɍɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ȼȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɈɆɂɊɍɋɋɄɈɆəɁɕɄȺɏ
ɋȺɉɢɬɢɧɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚɩɪɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟɎɨɧɞɚɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɎȽȻɈɍȼɈ©ɑɟɥȽɍª
ɁɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭɭɱɢɬɟɥɸɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɨɣ
ȼɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɤɨɝɧɢ
ɬɢɜɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɹɞɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹɪɟ
ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɨɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜɜɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɢɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟ
ɫɬɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɦɢɪɚ
ȼɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ȼɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɪɹɞɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɫɬɚɬɟɣ
ɢɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ>ɢɞɪ@
ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨɞɚɧɧɵɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ>
@ȼɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɥɢɧɝɜɢ
ɫɬɨɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɁɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢɧɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ
ɊɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɢ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɋɚɦɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɧɚɢɦɟ
ɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɥɢɰɩɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɤɨ
ɪɟɧɧɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɭɱɟɧɵɣ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɧɵɦɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɭɱɢɬɶɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɜɫɟɛɹ©ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɭɥɫɜɨɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɭɦɟɧɢɹɧɚɜɵɤɢª©ɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɤɨɝɨɥª
©ɜɧɭɲɚɬɶɱɬɨɥɤɨɦɭɥªȽɥɚɝɨɥɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ
ɝɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɟɤɨɪɟɧɶ HXN RXN XN
©ɩɪɢɭɱɚɬɶɫɹª©ɩɪɢɜɵɤɚɬɶª©ɞɨɜɟɪɹɬɶªȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɭɱɟɧɵɣɢɧɚɭɤɚ>ɋ@
ȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɟȼɂȾɚɥɹɭɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɭɱɢɬɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭ
ɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɜɧɭɲɚɬɶªȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɞɪɭɝɢɯɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɣɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ©ɧɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɧɚɭɱɚɬɶ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɡɧɚɧɶɟɭɦɟɧɢɟɫɜɨɟɞɪɭ
ɝɨɦɭɲɤɨɥɢɬɶɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɬɪɨɝɨɱɚɫɬɨɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ
ɞɥɹɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɶɹɩɨɫɥɭɲɚɧɢɹª>
ɋ@ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɋɂɈɠɟɝɨɜɚɭɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɚɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɤɪɨɦɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɜɵɲɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
©ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɬɶɤɱɟɦɭɧª©ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɭɸɧɦɵɫɥɶɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟª©ɡɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶɭɫ
ɜɚɢɜɚɬɶɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶªɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɨɟɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɟ
©ɛɢɬɶɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶª>ɋ@
Ɉɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɞɥɹɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɢɩɨ
ɝɨɜɨɪɤɢɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦ©ɭɱɢɬɶªɢɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɆɧɨɝɢɟɢɡɧɢɯɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɭɫɬɚɪɟɜ
ɲɢɦɢɧɨɪɹɞɩɚɪɟɦɢɣɧɟɭɬɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɜɨɟɣɚɤɬɭɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬ
©ɜɟɱɧɵɟªɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɌɪɭɞɧɨɬɨɦɭɭɱɢɬɶɱɟɝɨɫɚɦɧɟɡɧɚɟɲɶ
ɬɭɩɨɫɤɨɜɚɧɨɧɟɧɚɬɨɱɢɲɶɝɥɭɩɨɪɨɠɟɧɨ²ɧɟɧɚ
ɭɱɢɲɶ>ɋ@ȼɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ©ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɬɪɨɝɨª
Ⱦɚɥɶɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɜɵɪɚɠɟ
ɧɢɹɇɟɭɱɢɥɢɩɨɤɭɞɚɩɨɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɜɤɢɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥ
ɫɹɚɜɨɜɫɸɜɵɬɹɧɭɥɫɹ²ɧɟɧɚɭɱɢɲɶɁɚɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ
ɛɢɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɧɟɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɧɟɛɢɬɵɯ ɞɚɸɬɞɚɢɬɨɧɟ
ɛɟɪɭɬ>ɬɚɦɠɟ@ȼɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ©ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɫɜɨ
ɊɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɟɣɜɨɥɟª©ɩɟɪɟɧɢɦɚɬɶɱɬɨɭɞɪɭɝɢɯª©ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɭɤɭɭɦɟɧɢɟɡɧɚɧɢɟªɝɥɚɝɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɢɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɧɵɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɚɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɫɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɨɣɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɜɬɨɪɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸȼɟɤɠɢɜɢɜɟɤɭɱɢɫɶɚɩɨɦ
ɪɢɞɭɪɚɤɨɦɉɨɥɧɵɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸɩɟɪɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɩɨɫɥɨ
ɜɢɰɵɧɚɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɈɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɟȼɵɭɱɢɥɢɫɨɪɨɤɭɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ>ɬɚɦɠɟ@
ȼɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɚɪɟɦɢɣɩɪɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɝɥɚ
ɝɨɥɨɦɭɱɢɬɶɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɦɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɚɦɢɫɩɪɢɫɬɚɜ
ɤɚɦɢɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵɫɪɚɜɧɟ
ɧɢɹɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɪɢɮɦɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɟɦɢɢɫɩɪɨɬɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɸɡɨɦ
Ɉɬɭɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɢɲɶɫɹɨɬɝɥɭɩɨɝɨɪɚɡɭɱɢɲɶɫɹ
ɇɭɠɧɨɭɱɢɬɶɧɟɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɦɚɪɚɛɨɬɨɣɢɩɨɤɚɡɨɦ
Ʉɬɨɭɱɢɬɫɹɫɦɨɥɨɞɭɧɟɡɧɚɟɬɧɚɫɬɚɪɨɫɬɢɝɨ
ɥɨɞɭəɣɰɚɤɭɪɧɟɭɱɚɬɢɞɪ>@Ɉɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɭɱɟɧɢɟɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɜɫɥɨ
ɜɚɪɟȾɚɥɹɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯɍɱɟɧɶɟɫɜɟɬ
ɚɧɟɭɱɟɧɶɟɬɶɦɚɋɵɬɨɟɛɪɸɯɨɤɭɱɟɧɶɸɝɥɭɯɨ>
ɋ@ȿɫɥɢɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟȾɚɥɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɫɥɨ
ɜɢɰɚ©ɋɵɬɨɟɛɪɸɯɨɤɭɱɟɧɶɸɝɥɭɯɨªɬɨɩɚɪɟɦɢɹ
©Ƚɨɥɨɞɧɨɟɛɪɸɯɨɤɭɱɟɧɶɸɝɥɭɯɨªɫɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ©ɝɨɥɨɞɧɵɣªɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɋɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɨɩɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɭɱɟɧɵɣɧɟɭɱɟɧɵɣɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɭȾɚɥɹɜɪɢɮɦɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯɍɱɟɧɵɣɜɨɞɢɬ
ɧɟɭɱɟɧɵɣɫɥɟɞɨɦɯɨɞɢɬɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɧɟɭɱɟɧɵɣ²ɱɬɨ
ɬɨɩɨɪɧɟɬɨɱɟɧɵɣ>ɬɚɦɠɟ@
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɢɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɟɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɭɱɢɬɶɭɱɟɧɵɣɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɢɰɚɭɱɢɥɶɳɢɤɭɱɢɥɶɳɢɰɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɭɱɢɥɢɳɟɭɱɟɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɭɱɟɧɨɫɬɶɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɭɱɥɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɭɱɥɢɜɵɣɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟȾɚɥɹɜɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɦɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɞ
ɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɟɝɨɪɨɥɶɜɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɤɧɟɦɭɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɍɱɢɬɟɥɶɜɲɤɨɥɟɱɬɨɩɨɫɟɜ
ɜɩɨɥɟɉɨɱɢɬɚɣɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɤɚɤɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ>@
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ©ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶªɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ©ɥɢɰɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɛɭɱɚɟɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹªɢ©ɝɥɚɜɭɭɱɟɧɢɹª
>ɋ@ȼɋɥɨɜɚɪɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɚɦɢɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɢɲɤɚɭɱɢɥɶɳɢɤ
ɢɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɩɟɞɚɧɬ
ɢɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɟɨɛɭɱɚɬɟɥɶɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɨɬɪɢ
ɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɤɨɥɢɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨɦɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɹɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɭɱɢɥɤɚ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɤɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɤɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɲɚɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɧɹɫɨ
ɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɚɪɶɹɢɜɚɧɨɜɧɚɦɚɦɡɟɥɶɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ
ɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜɯɢɦɢɱɤɚ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɤɚɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɤɚɹɡɵɱɧɢɰɚɢɞɪ>@
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɨɧɧɨɬɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɜɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚɯ
ɢɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢɜɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ
ȼɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɜɜɭ
ɡɨɜɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɦɭɍɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɢɡɧɢɯɱɢɬɚɥɶɳɢɤ
ɱɢɬɱɢɤɦɨɡɝɨɞɭɣ>@ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɹɜɧɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɥɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɞɚɠɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɩɨɞ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɨɛɧɚɪɭ
ɠɟɧɨɭɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɟɧɵɣ²ɩɪɢɱɟɦɦɧɨɝɢɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢɩɟɪɢɮɪɚɡɚɦɢɯɨɞɹɱɚɹɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɭɤɢɭɱɟɧɵɣɦɭɠɤɥɚɞɟɡɶɡɧɚɧɢɣ
ɤɥɚɞɟɡɶɩɪɟɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɭɤɢɫɨɛɚɤɭɫɴɟɥ
ɢɞɪ>@ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɲɟɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɵɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɪɨɧɢɱɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɜɫɟɡɧɚɣɤɚ
ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟɣɝɨɪɟɭɱɟɧɵɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɤɢɫɥɵɯɳɟɣ
>@ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɢɡɭɡɤɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ
ɜɨɛɳɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɭɸȼɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɁȿȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ
ɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɱɟɧɵɣɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨɥɢɲɶ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɷɪɭɞɢɬɫɩɨɦɟɬɤɨɣɤɧɢɠɧɨɟɭɫɬɚɪɟɜ
ɲɟɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟɝɪɚɦɨɬɟɣɧɚɫɦɟɲɥɢɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɨ
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ɫɨɪɤɢɫɥɵɯɳɟɣɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɭɤɢ>ɋ@
ɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ
ɫɹɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ
ɦɢɪɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧ
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ɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɨɧɧɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɬɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶ
ɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɚɪɟɦɢɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɚ
ɦɢɢɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɚɦɢɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦɭɱɢɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ
ɳɢɦɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɨɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵ©ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟª
ɋȺɉɢɬɢɧɚ
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɨ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦ©ɭɱɢɬɶªɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɜɪɚɡɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɛɥɨɤɚɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
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ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɭɱɟɛɵɢɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɊɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɍɑɂɌȿɅɖ
ɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɚ7($&+(5²ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɦɨɬɝɥɚɝɨɥɚWHDFKɜɞɪɟɜ
ɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦW NDQɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ©VKRZE\ZD\RI
LQIRUPDWLRQRULQVWUXFWLRQª²ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɩɭɬɟɦ
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ɜɨɞɧɚɲɋɉ >3@ȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ1HZ:HEVWHU
'LFWLRQDU\RI(QJOLVKɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ
WHDFK²ɭɱɢɬɶɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɜɚɬɶɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ
ɫɹɨɫɜɹɡɢɫɞɪɟɜɧɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦWLKDQ²
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ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɝɨɬɫɤɢɣɝɥɚɝɨɥWHLKDQɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ]HLJHQ
±ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸɫɨɝɥɚɫ
ɧɵɯ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɜɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɦGLFR²ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
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ɬɚɤɠɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ©ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶª©ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦª©ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɡɧɚɧɢɹª©ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɧɚɜɵ
ɤɚɦª«>3@ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ:HEVWHU¶V1HZGLFWLRQDU\RI
6\QRQ\PV©ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɬɶɤɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɸɡɧɚɧɢɹ
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ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɞɪɭɝɨɝɨª©ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɩɨɦɨɳɶ
ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɦɭɫɹɜɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɢɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɜɩɪɢ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɡɧɚɧɢɣɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɜɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɢɧɚ
ɜɵɤɨɜª>3@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɝɥɚɝɨɥ
ɭɱɢɬɶɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣWHDFKɨɛɳɟɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵɨɬɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɨɪɧɟɣ
Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɭɧɟɝɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ©ɩɪɢɜɵ
ɤɚɬɶª©ɞɨɜɟɪɹɬɶªɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɨɟ©ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶª
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɚWHDFKLQVWUXFW ɩɪɢɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɨɩɪɢɜɢɜɚɬɶɡɧɚɧɢɹɭɦɟɧɢɹ HGXFDWH ɪɚɫ
ɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɚɠɧɵɟɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɭɫɩɟɯɚ
ɜɠɢɡɧɢ WUDLQ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɤɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɬɪɟɧɢ
ɪɨɜɚɬɶɞɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ GLVFLSOLQH ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɹ VFKRRO ɭɱɢɬɶɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɭɱɢɬɶɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ >3@ȽɥɚɝɨɥɵLQVWUXFWHGXFDWHɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ
ɢɡɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɢɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠ
ɞɟɧɢɸɝɥɚɝɨɥVFKRROɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɟɩɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵWUDLQGLVFLSOLQHɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɢɡɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ
ɫɤɨɝɨȾɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɜɫɤɨɛɤɚɯȽɥɚɝɨɥɵLPSDUWFRPPXQLFDWH²
ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶSUDFWLFHGULOOH[HUFLVH²ɦɭɲɬɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɨ
ɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟLQFXOFDWHLQVWLOOLPSODQWɜɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɢ©ɧɚɫɚɠɞɚɬɶªɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɜɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞ
ɫɩɨɦɟɬɤɨɣ$QD²ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟɤɪɨɦɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɚGULOO
ɨɬɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɝɨGULOOHQ²ɜɟɪɬɟɬɶɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɡɚɢɦ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɢɡɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ>3@ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚWHDFKɜɋɥɨɜɚɪɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɢɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɨɜɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȾɠȾɟɜɥɢɧɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɢɟ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɵWXWRU²ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶ
ɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶHQOLJKWHQ²ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɚɬɶɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵFUDP²ɧɚɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɬɶɤɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɭSULPH²ɝɨ
ɬɨɜɢɬɶɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶJULQG²ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɬɶ>&@
ȼɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɹɞɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
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ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
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ɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɧɬɨɜ
ɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɩɨɜɢɞɭɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨ
ɦɭɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭɩɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɬɢɥɹɦɩɨɛɨɥɶ
ɲɨɦɭɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɫɥɟɧɝɢɡɦɨɜȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɪɚɡɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯɢɩɚɪɟɦɢɹɯ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɯɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɥɵɦɨɜɚȿȼɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟªɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɫɚɦɨ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧȿȼȺɥɵɦɨɜɚ²ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ²F
ȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚɁȿɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɁȿȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ²ɆɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²ɫ
ȺɪɧɚɭɬɨɜɚɈȺɊɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɹɞɪɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ©ɍɑɂɌȿɅɖ²ɍɑȿɇɂȿ²ɍɑȿ
ɇɂɄªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɈȺȺɪɧɚɭɬɨɜɚɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɘɠɧɨɝɨɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢ²ȼɵɩ²Ɍ²ɊɨɫɬɨɜɧɚȾɨɧɭ²ɋ²
ɋȺɉɢɬɢɧɚ
ȻɚɭɦɆȺɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɚ©ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟªɜɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɯɦɢɪɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ
ɢɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɞɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɆȺȻɚɭɦ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ²ɫ
ȾɚɥɶȼɂɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɠɢɜɨɝɨɜɟɥɢɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɂȾɚɥɶɌ²ɆɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²ɋ²
ȾɟɜɥɢɧȾɠɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɢɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȾɠȾɟɜɥɢɧ²Ɇɐɟɧɬɪɩɨɥɢ
ɝɪɚɮ²ɫ
Ɂɚɪɟɱɧɟɜɚȿɇɋɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶªɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧȿɇɁɚɪɟɱɧɟɜɚ²Ȼɚɪɧɚɭɥ²ɫ
ɄɚɛɚɱɟɧɤɨȿȽɄɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶªɢ©ɭɱɟɧɢɤªɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣɤɨɦ
ɩɨɧɟɧɬ ȿȽɄɚɛɚɱɟɧɤɨɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ²ȼɵɩ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ²ɋ²
ɄɚɧȿȼɄɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟȿȼɄɚɧȽɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ²ʋ²²85/KWWSKXPDQVQDXNDUX ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ Ɉɠɟɝɨɜɋɂ&ɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɋɂɈɠɟɝɨɜ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɍɪɚɥɋɨɜɟɬɵ²ɫ
ɉɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɢɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢɩɪɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ85/KWWSXFKLWHOUXSRVORYLF\LSRJRYRUNLSURXFKLWHOHM
ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɲɢɧȺȼɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȺȼɉɪɨɲɢɧ²ɑɟɥɹ
ɛɢɧɫɤɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ²ɫ
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɧɥɚɣɧ85/KWWSVV\QRQ\PRQOLQHUX ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɋɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɋɅɄɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɪɭɛɟɠɚ;,;²;;ɜɟɤɨɜ
ɋɅɋɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ²Ɍɸɦɟɧɶ²ɫ
ɑɟɪɧɵɯɉəɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɉəɑɟɪɧɵɯ²
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ȻȻɄ
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ɂȿȿɋɅȿȾɋɌȼɂə
ɈɘɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȺɜɬɨɪɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɎɨɧɞɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɑɟɥȽɍɡɚɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɬɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɧɚɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɬɪɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɡɚɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɫ
ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɬɚɤɨɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɢɧɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɬɟɤɫɬɭɱɟɛɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɚɹɫɢ
ɧɨɧɢɦɢɹ
ȼɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɩɨɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɥɚɫɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɲɤɨɥ
ɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɊɋȺɥɢɤɚɟɜɵɦȼɂɄɚɪɚ
ɫɢɤɨɦ ɂɌɄɚɫɚɜɢɧɵɦ ɅȼɄɭɥɢɤɨɜɨɣ
ȺȼɅɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɵɦɅɆəɯɢɛɛɚɟɜɨɣɈɛɨɛɳɚɹ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜ
ɧɚɡɨɜɟɦɰɟɥɶɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɂɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɢ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɠɚɧ
ɪɨɜɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɞɢɞɚɤɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɐɟɥɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸȼɂɄɚɪɚ
ɫɢɤɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭɸɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɢɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɡ
ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɬɨɪɢɸɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭɢɰɟɥɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶɜɵɛɨɪɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɦɨ
ɞɟɥɶɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨ
ɜɚɬɶɢɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɶ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɜɮɨɪɦɟɩɪɢ
ɟɦɥɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɢɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɬɭ
ɞɟɧɬɨɜɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ >@
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɰɟɥɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɨɬɪɚɠɚ
ɸɬɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɬɚ
ɬɭɫɨɜɭɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɩɟ
ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɨɠɧɨɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɬɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɤɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɦɭ
ɭɱɟɧɨɦɭɩɪɢɱɟɦɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɚ
ɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɜɧɨɜɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɐɟɥɢ
ɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ²
ɛɨɥɟɟɢɥɢɦɟɧɟɟɪɚɜɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚɬɨɟɫɬɶ©ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸª
ɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢȺȼɅɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɚ>@
ɐɟɥɶɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɟɣɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɣɷɬɚɩɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ²ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɬɨɟɫɬɶɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ
©ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢªɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɨ
ɥɨɝɢɢȺȼɅɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɚ>@ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɜɵ
ɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɝɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɚɜɬɨɪɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɟɬɬɟɤɫɬ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɦɫɹɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɧɨɜɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɣɩɨɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦɧɨɜɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɢɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɝɨɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɦɭɌɚɤɢɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɟɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɭɸɨɫɧɨɜɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɭɱɟɛɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɚɜɬɨɪɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɂɌɄɚɫɚɜɢɧɚ©ɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɪɨɥɶ©ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚªɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɬɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɟɫ
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɛɭɞɭɳɢɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ
ɢɪɨɥɶ©ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɚɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨªɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɢɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸª>@
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ©ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚªɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɯɨɬɶɢɜɟɫɶɦɚɢɞɟ
ɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɢɦɟɟɬɬɪɢɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɵ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨɧɚɞɨɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɨɞ
ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɬɪɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɡɚ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɟɟɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
ɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɨɞɝɨ
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɬɚɤɨɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɚɞɚɩɬɚ
ɰɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɧɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɢ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɡɧɚɧɢɣɫɜɨɢɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ
>&@ɇɚɞɨɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɚɞɪɟ
ɫɚɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɨɬɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɩɨɦɢɦɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ
ɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɞɥɹ
ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɗɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨ
ɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɯɨɞɢɬɶɢɧɚ
ɭɱɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɧɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɢɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɜɨɜɬɨɪɢɱ
ɧɵɣɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɟɝɨɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɸɱɬɨɩɨɡɜɨ
ɥɹɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɊɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɢɡɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɭ²ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɭɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧ
ɰɢɢɩɨɞɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɦɵɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ©ɫɨɨɬ
ɧɨɫɢɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɫɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɨɪɦɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɧɢɹª>@Ⱦɥɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɛɴɟɦɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɜɫɥɟɞɡɚɇɉɉɟɲɤɨɜɨɣ
ɅɆəɯɢɛɛɚɟɜɨɣ ɋɦ ɉɟɲɤɨɜɚɇɉ əɯɢɛ
ɛɚɟɜɚɅɆɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɨɧɬɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚȼɟɫɬɧɘɠɧɨ
ɍɪɚɥɝɨɫɭɧɬɚɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚʋ ɋ
Ɇɵɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɡɛɟɝɚɟɦɡɞɟɫɶɫɥɨɜɚ©ɬɟɤɫɬªɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɧɨɢɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɍɨɟɫɬɶɜɫɟɯɟɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟɢɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɫɦɆɚɪɤɨɜȼɌɅɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤ
ɨɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɝɭɦɚɧɢ
ɬɚɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɆ
ɋ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɟɜɵɛɪɚɬɶɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɷɮ
ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɵɫɥɢɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢɨɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɰɟɥɢɫɦ
ɓɭɤɢɧȺɇɈɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɬɟɨɪɢɹ
ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɆɎɢɥɨɦɚɬɢɫ ɢɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ©ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɨɫɢɬɟ
ɥɟɣɹɡɵɤɚɢɯɩɪɢɜɵɱɟɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɧɨɪɦɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɷɬɢɤɟɬɚɢɭɦɟɧɢɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɢɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɬɶɢɯɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶɩɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɬɟɨ
ɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ²ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɪɚɡɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɣɡɚɤɨɧɚɯɢɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɛ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɬɟɤ
ɫɬɵɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨ
ɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɢɯɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɜɨ
ɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸɪɟɱɟɜɭɸɪɟɚɤɰɢɸɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɤɥɢɤ
ɋɬɨɢɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɢɞɚɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢ
ɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɡɧɚ
ɧɢɹɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɹɡɵɤɚɢɧɚɜɵɤɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɜɵɡɨɜɨɬ
ɜɟɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ
Ɍɚɤɜɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭ
ɤɚɤɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɢɥɢɧɝɜɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢȼɬɚ
ɤɢɟɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢɥɢɧɟɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɢȼɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɜɯɨɞɢɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɢɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɡɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɧɟɦɢɡ
ɭɱɚɟɦɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
ȼɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɤɚɤ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭɞɥɹɞɨɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɚɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɢȺ±ȼ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧ
ɰɢɢɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɰɟɥɶɸɁɚɞɚɱɚɚɜɬɨɪɚɭɱɟɛ
ɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ²ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɰɢɸɧɚɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɱɟɪɟɡɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɨɬɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɡɚɤɨɧɨɜɟɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɵɦ ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɚɬɟɦɤɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹɧɚɦɚ
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɢɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɤɚɤɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦɞɪɭɝɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɫɦɄɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚɂɅ
ȾɨɥɝɢɧɚɈȺȺɧɝɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɩɨɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɆɋ ɉɨɞɷɬɢɦɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦȿɂɅɢɬɧɟɜɫɤɚɹɢȼȺȻɚɝ
ɪɹɧɰɟɜɚɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ©ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɨɹɡɵɤɟɟɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɨɧɨɪɦɚɯ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɤɚɤɧɚɭɤɟ
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɹ
ɪɟɱɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɢɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɢɮɚɤɬɨɜªɋɦɅɢɬɧɟɜɫɤɚɹȿɂ
ȻɚɝɪɹɧɰɟɜɚȼȺɆɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɲɤɨɥɟɆɋ
ɈɘɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɚɳɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɢɧɵɯ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ ɢɧɟɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɚɭɞɢɨɢɜɢɞɟɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ
ɧɚɪɚɜɧɟɫɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɚɥɵɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɦɨɠ
ɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɢɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɡɚɫɱɟɬɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ ɡɚɫɱɟɬɧɟɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɑɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɟ©ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯªɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɜɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɬɟɦɜɵɲɟɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɤɚɤɢɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭ
ɤɚɤɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɍɬɪɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɡɚɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɉɪɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɢɨɬɛɨɪɟɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɚɥɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɟɝɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɫɧɨɜɭ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɞɥɹɧɚɭɤɢɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɜɤɪɢɬɟ
ɪɢɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɟɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɜɢɡɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɟɝɨ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɩɪ
ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɚɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟɰɟɧɧɵɦɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɬɟɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣ©ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɵɬɨɣɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɣɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵª>ɋ@
Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚ
ɧɢɹ©ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɮɨɪɦɟɭɞɨɛɧɨɣɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɟ
ɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɢɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟɧɚɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɢɫɬɭɩɟɧɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹª>@
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɟɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɧɨɜɚɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɨɬɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɏɨɬɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɜɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɡɞɟɫɶɭɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɫɤɨɪɟɟɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ
ɧɟɠɟɥɢɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ȼɭɡɤɨɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɚɤɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤ
ɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɜɢɞɟɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɋɦ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȽɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧɂɊɌɟɤɫɬɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɥɢɧɝɜɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɆɋ²
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚȿɫɥɢɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɯɨɞ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɟɝɨɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɥɢɱɧɵɣɜɤɥɚɞɚɜɬɨ
ɪɚɬɨɞɥɹɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɦɟɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɟɝɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɄɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɜɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟ©ɫɬɢ
ɪɚɸɬɫɹªɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ
ɫɬɢɤɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɚɨɛɪɚɡɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬ
ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɣ
ɨɬɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɦɨ
ɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɟɪɫɢɢɥɸɛɨɝɨɢɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɩɪɢɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɟɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɨɜɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɜɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɜɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɤɥɚɫɫɚɯɢɥɢɤɥɚɫɫɚɯɫɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧ
ɧɵɦɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɢɧɨɮɨɧɨɜȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɨɧɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɣɛɚɡɨɣɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɜɢɞɟɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ
ɤɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸȼɥɸɛɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɫɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɛɭɞɭɬɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɋɢɫ
ɯɨɞɧɵɦɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɢɯɛɭɞɟɬɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɧɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɰɟɥɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɪɹɞɚɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ²ɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɞɥɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣȼɵɲɟ
ɦɵɭɠɟɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢɱɬɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨ
ɫɬɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɟɣɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ȼɵɛɨɪɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɞɥɹɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɨɫɨ
ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɢɰɟɥɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɌɚɤɜɲɤɨɥɶ
ɧɵɯɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɦɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɞɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɪɚɡɪɨɡɧɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ²ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɢɡɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɥɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɟɟɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɟɱɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɩɭ
ɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ȿɫɥɢɠɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɨɮɨɧɬɨɜɭɩɪɚɠ
ɧɟɧɢɹɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɰɵɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɟɤ
ɫɬɵɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸɪɟɱɟɜɭɸɪɟɚɤ
ɰɢɸȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɨɛɵɱɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɢɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɚɥɵɟɠɚɧɪɵɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɫɬɢ
ɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɩɟɫɟɧɫɤɚɡɤɢ
ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɫɬɚɬɶɢɡɚ
ɦɟɬɤɢɪɟɠɟ²ɨɱɟɪɤɢ ɢɞɢɨɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɩɨ
ɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ ɰɢɬɚɬɵɢɡɰɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɤɧɢɝɮɢɥɶɦɨɜɩɟɫɟɧɢɬɚɤɞɚɥɟɟ
ȼɜɨɞɹɬɨɬɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɬɟɤɫɬɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɦɟɧɹɟɬɰɟɥɶ
ɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɫɜɨɟɣɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸɡɚɜɢ
ɫɹɳɟɣɨɬɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɚɹɱɚɫɬɧɚɹɡɚɞɚɱɚɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɌɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɬɟɤɫɬɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɪɚɧɟɟɧɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɟɟɦɭɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ʉɚɤɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɫɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɰɟ
ɥɹɦɢɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɨɧɢɬɟɦ
ɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɧɚɡɜɚɧɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɰɟɥɶɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɫɹɤɢɣ
ɪɚɡɩɨɞɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɰɟɥɶɸɚɜɬɨɪɚɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚ²ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɦɢɬɨɝɢȾɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɧɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭɈɧ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɰɟɥɟɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨ
ɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɞɥɹɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɮɨɪɦɟ²ɧɨɜɬɨɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɢɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ
ɦɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ
Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɮɨɪɦɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɡɧɚɧɢɣɭɦɟɧɢɣ
ɢɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɭɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢɢɧɨɣɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɢɞɢɫɤɭɪ
ɫɢɜɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɭɱɟɛ
ɧɵɯɈɧɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɞɥɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɨɛ
ɪɚɡɰɨɜɢɥɢɨɫɧɨɜɵɞɥɹɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɇɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
©ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞªɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸɞɥɹ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɮɨɪɦɭɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɨɢɭɬɪɚɬɭɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɟɝɨɠɚɧɪɨɜɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɌɚɤɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɦ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɧɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɣɧɨɜɢɡɧɟɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɥɢɱɧɨɦɜɤɥɚɞɟɚɜɬɨ
ɪɚȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɛɪɚɡɚɜɬɨɪɚɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɢɬɟ
ɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɜɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɤɚɤɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɫɨɛɳɢɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ
ɧɢɟɦ
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɡɚ
ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɈɞɢɧ
ɬɟɤɫɬɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɞɥɹɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɜȼɫɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɛɭɞɭɬ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɢɰɟɥɢɫɢɫ
ɯɨɞɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦɢ
Ɍɟɤɫɬɵɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɨɫɧɨɜɭɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣɬɨɠɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɇɚɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ
ɧɨɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦɢɨɧɢɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɰɟɥɶɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɨɞɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɰɟɥɹɦɢɚɜɬɨɪɚɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦɢɨɬɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɱɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɛ
ɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȽɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧɂɊɌɟɤɫɬɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɂɊȽɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧ²Ɇ²
ɫ
ȽɟɡɇɂɎɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɇɂȽɟɡɂɧɨɫɬɪɹɡɜɲɤ²²ʋ²ɋ²
ȽɈɋɌ²ɂɡɞɚɧɢɹɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɜɢɞɵɌɟɪɦɢɧɵɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@²85/
ZZZLIDSUXOLEUDU\JRVWSGI
ɄɚɪɚɫɢɤȼɂɈɬɢɩɚɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚȼɂɄɚɪɚɫɢɤəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɩɟɪ
ɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɫɛɧɚɭɱɬɪ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ²ɋ²
ɈɘɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ
ɄɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚɂɅȺɧɝɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɩɨɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɂɅɄɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚɈȺȾɨɥɝɢɧɚ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɅɢɬɜɢɧɨɜȺȼɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɫɜɟɬɟɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢȺȼɅɢɬɜɢɧɨɜɎɢɥɨ
ɥɨɝɢɹɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ²ȼɵɩ²Ɇ²ɋ²
ɅɢɬɧɟɜɫɤɚɹȿɂɆɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɲɤɨɥɟȿɂɅɢɬɧɟɜɫɤɚɹ
ȼȺȻɚɝɪɹɧɰɟɜɚ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɆɚɪɤɨɜȼɌɅɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɦɭ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɆɚɪɤɨɜ
ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɌɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɢɱ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɈɫɧɨɜɵɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɭɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɇȺȻɭɪɟɆȼȻɵɫɬɪɵɯɋȺȼɢɲɧɹɤɨɜɚɢɞɪ²Ɇ²
ɋɉɛ²ɫ
ɉɟɲɤɨɜɚɇɆɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɇɆɉɟɲɤɨɜɚɅɆəɯɢɛɛɚɟɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɘɠɧɨɍɪɚɥɝɨɫɭɧɬɚ²²Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ²ʋ
²ɋ²
ɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚȼɅɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɚɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɜɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɚ
ȼɟɪɚɅɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɧɚ²ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ²ɫ
ɓɭɤɢɧȺɇɈɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɬɟɨɪɢɹɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɭɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚ
ɬɟɥɟɣɢɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜȺɇɓɭɤɢɧ²Ɇ²ɫ
əɯɢɛɛɚɟɜɚɅɆȼɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ
ɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤəɯɢɛɛɚɟɜɚɅɚɪɢɫɚɆɭɯɚɦɟɞɨɜɧɚ²ɍɮɚ²ɫ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɊɟɞɶɤɢɧɚɈɥɶɝɚɘɪɶɟɜɧɚ²ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɝɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ¿OROFKHQ#JPDLOFRP
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ȻȻɄȺɧɝɥ
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ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂɈȻɍɑȿɇɂəɋɌɍȾȿɇɌɈȼɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏȼɍɁɈȼ
ɉȿɊȿȼɈȾɍɇȺɍɑɇɈɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɌȿɄɋɌɈȼ
ɋȼɋɛɨɬɨɜɚ ȿɘɄɭɥɹɟɜɚ
ɉɟɧɡɟɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɉɟɧɡɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɉɟɧɡɟɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵɢɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɉɟɧɡɚɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟȺɜɬɨɪɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɩɭɬɟɦɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɵɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɩɭɬɟɦɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɟɪɟ
ɞɚɱɢɩɪɹɦɵɯɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɚɥɶɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɧɫ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭɧɚɭɱ
ɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɭɫɢɥɢɥɫɹɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɩɨɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɵɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɞɚɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɱɧɨɢɡɥɚ
ɝɚɬɶɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ
ɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢ
ɫɬɨɦɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɢɩɨɞɛɨɪɤɧɢɦɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜɧɚ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟɧɚɭɱɧɨ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶɸɫ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɫɬɚɬɶɢ
ɛɵɥɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɡɚɞɚɱɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɯɭɱɟɧɵɯɤɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɩɨɧɹɬɢɸɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɪɚɛɨɬɵɥɸɛɨɝɨɫɩɟɰɢ
ɚɥɢɫɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɨɬɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨɫɩɟ
ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɭɱɟɬɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢɢɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɭɦɟ
ɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ əɡɵɤ ɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɚɛɛɪɟɜɢ
ɚɬɭɪɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɡɥɨ
ɠɟɧɢɟɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɶɸɮɨɪ
ɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɤ
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɚ
ɤɢɯɭɱɟɧɵɯɤɚɤȺȼɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɚɹȻɇȽɨɥɨɜɢɧ
ɢ Ɋ ɘ Ʉɨɛɪɢɧ Ɍ Ɋ Ʉɢɹɤ ɗ Ɏ ɋɤɨɪɨɯɨɞɶɤɨ
Ɍ Ɇ ɉɶɹɧɤɨɜɚ ɇ ȼ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɂ ɇ ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ
ɅɆȺɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚȺȼɎɟɞɨɪɨɜȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ
ɢɞɪɇȼȺɪɢɫɬɨɜɜɫɜɨɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟ©Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɩɟ
ɪɟɜɨɞɚªɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɩɪɢɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ²ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɪ
ɦɢɧɨɜɝɞɟɞɚɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɭɤɚɤ©ɫɥɨɜɭ
ɥɢɲɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɢɟɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢª>
ɋ@ɅɆȺɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚɜɫɜɨɟɣɤɧɢɝɟ©ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚªɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ©ɬɟɪɦɢɧɤɚɤ
ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɟɧɢɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧɡɚɜɢɫɢɦ
ɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɬɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚª>ɋ@Ɂɇȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɱɬɨ©ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɦɵɫɥɟɣɚɜɬɨɪɚ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɢɯɨɬɬɟɧɤɚɦɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦɢɢɫɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɬɢɥɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚª>ɋ@
ȺȼɎɟɞɨɪɨɜɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɡɦɵ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɵɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢ
ɦɵɦɢɢɥɢɬɪɭɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦɵɦɢɬɚɤɤɚɤɢɯɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɹɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ>ɋ@ȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜɜɵɞɟɥɹ
ɟɬɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɭɡɨɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɬɨɱɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɤɱɟɬɤɨɦɭɢɬɨɱɧɨɦɭɢɡɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɸɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɱɬɨɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɜɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɭɫɥɨɜ
ɧɵɯɡɧɚɤɨɜɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɝɟɪɭɧ
ɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜSXW
RXW²©ɝɚɫɢɬɶɨɝɨɧɶªɞɥɹɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɹ²©ɨɛɪɚɬ
ɧɚɹɥɨɩɚɬɚªɞɥɹɦɨɪɹɤɨɜ²©ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɦɨɪɟª
VWURNH²©ɭɞɚɪªɞɥɹɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɨɜ²©ɯɨɞɩɨɪɲɧɹª
KRH²©ɦɨɬɵɝɚª
ɪɟɞɤɨɫɬɶɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɢɞɢɨɦ>ɋ@
ɇɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɫɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɟɫɥɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
ɹɡɵɤɭɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚɅɆȺɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɱɬɨ
©ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟ
ɛɵɬɶɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɦɵɫɥɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª>ɋ@
ɗɎɋɤɨɪɨɯɨɞɶɤɨɜɫɜɨɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟ©ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɩɟ
ɪɟɜɨɞɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵªɞɚɟɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭɬɟɪɦɢɧɭɤɚɤ©ɫɥɨɜɭɭɫɬɨɣ
ɱɢɜɨɦɭɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɸɢɥɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɹ
ɜɫɜɨɟɣɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɞɥɹɜɡɚɢɦ
ɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸª>ɋ@
ȻɇȽɨɥɨɜɢɧɢɊɘɄɨɛɪɢɧɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɵɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɨɛɳɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɢɨɛɳɟ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ
>ɋ@
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɨɛɳɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɩɟɪɟɜɨ
ɞɚɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɪɚɡɪɚ
ɛɨɬɚɧɚɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɬɟɪ
ɦɢɧɨɜɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜɟ
ɞɟɧɢɹɌɟɪɦɢɧ²ɷɬɨɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɥɨ
ɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹɫɩɟɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
ɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɝɥɚɜ
ɧɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɟɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɢɬɨɱɧɨɟɩɨɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɹɡɵɤɚɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɦɨɠɟɬ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɲɢɛɤɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɚɜɚɪɢɹ²EUHDNGRZQ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡ
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ɧɢɹ DLUZD\ ɬɪɚɫɫɚ DLUURXWH ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ©ɚɜɬɨ
ɤɥɚɜª²DXWRFODYHOHDFKLQJDXWRFODYHGLJHVWHU ɞɥɹ
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ɜɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ ² DXWRPDWLF FLUFXLWEUHDNHU ɚɜɬɨ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ DXWRPDWLRQ PDFKLQH
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ɞɚɠɟɝɚɡɟɬɫɩɢɱɟɤɢɬɞ DXWRPDWLFPDFKLQH ɦɟ
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ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ WKH KXPDQ H\H ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɩ
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JHDUWHVWHTXLSPHQWWHVWJHDU ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɥɹɤɨɧ
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ɧɨɠɢɟɜɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ EDVHIRRW ɧɢɠɧɹɹɨɩɨɪɧɚɹ
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ɱɚɫɬɶɫɭɞɧɚ WDQNFRQWDLQHU ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣɛɚ
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ɫɟɪɜɧɚɹɠɟɫɬɹɧɚɹ EDUEDQNVKRDO ɨɬɦɟɥɶ WKZDUW
ɫɢɞɟɧɶɟɧɚɲɥɸɩɤɟ >@
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟ©Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟª>@ɚɜɬɨɪɵɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɤɚɤɜ
ɹɡɵɤɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɜɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɩɨɞɜɨɡ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɹ
ɧɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɭɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɸ
ɚɥɟɛɚɫɬɪ²SODVWHURI3DULV ɝɢɩɫɜɦɟɞɢɰɢ
ɧɟ DODEDVWHU ɩɨɪɨɞɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹɞɥɹɪɚɡɥɢɱ
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ɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɝɨɞɥɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɋɥɨɜɨ³WDEOH´²©ɫɬɨɥªɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ
ɫɹɤɚɤ©ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɫɬɨɥª ɝɨɪɧ ©ɪɨɥɶ
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ɧɵɯɜɨɞ ©ɤɚɪɧɢɡɩɨɹɫª ɚɪɯɢɬ ©ɨɩɟɪɬɚɹɝɨɪɢ
ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɥɢɬɚª©ɩɨɥɤɚª ɬɚɜɪɨɜɨɝɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ©ɩɥɚɧɲɚɣɛɚª©ɩɥɚɧɲɟɬª ɪɨɛɨɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɢ
ɰɢɹ ɧɚɪɨɛɨɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭɱɚɫɬɤɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ©ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɣɫɬɨɥª©ɝɪɚɮɨɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶª©ɬɚ
ɥɟɪª ɩɨɥɢɝɪ ©ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚª©ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚª>@
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“JHQHUDWLRQ´ ɥɚɬ ³JHQHUDWLR´ ² ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫ ɩɨ
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ɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ
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ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɩɨɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣɲɥɚɧɝɫɭ
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ɞɸɪ ɞɨɪɨɠ ɨɛɪɟɡ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɨɩɨɪ
ɧɚɹɩɪɢɡɦɚ ɤɨɪɨɦɵɫɥɚɜɟɫɨɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚ
ɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɫɪɟɡ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɪɟɛɪɨ ɝɪɚɮɚ >@
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɚɜ
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ɥɢɬɟɪɧɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜ
ɧɚɹɪɨɥɶɩɨɪɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɟɜɫɥɟɞ
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ɞɪɨɜ>@
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VHFWLRQEHDP²ɛɚɥɤɚɤɨɪɨɛɱɚɬɨɝɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ>@
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ɞɥɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɯɚ
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ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ
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ɂɬɚɤɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɛɵɥɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɱɬɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɰɟɥɶɸɪɚɛɨɬɵɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɞɚɧɚɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɪɚɫɫɦɨ
ɬɪɟɧɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɨɬ
ɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɭɱɟɧɵɯɤɷɬɨɦɭɩɨɧɹɬɢɸȺɜɬɨɪɵ
ɩɪɢɲɥɢɤɜɵɜɨɞɭɱɬɨɬɨɱɧɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦ
ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɜɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɩɪɢ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɶɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɲɢɛɤɢ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɭɡɨɜɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚɅɆɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɅɆȺɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ²ɉɟɪɦɶɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɧɚɭɱ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɧɬ²ɫ
ȺɪɢɫɬɨɜɇȼɈɫɧɨɜɵɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɇȼȺɪɢɫɬɨɜ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȻɚɪɢɧɨɜɋɆȺɧɝɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɜɬɋɆȻɚɪɢɧɨɜȺȻȻɨɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ
ȼȺȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜ²Ɇ²Ɍ²ɫ
ȻɨɥɶɲɚɹɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹȽɥɪɟɞɘɋɈɫɢɩɨɜɌ²Ɇ²ɫ
ȼɨɥɤɨɜɚɁɇɇɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɁɇȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ²Ɇ
ɂɡɞɜɨɍɊȺɈ²ɫ
ȽɨɥɨɜɢɧȻɇɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯȻɇȽɨɥɨɜɢɧɊɘɄɨɛɪɢɧ²Ɇ
ȼɵɫɲɚɹɲɤɨɥɚ²ɫ
ɀɟɪɟɛɢɥɨɌȼɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ²ɇɚɡɪɚɧɶɉɢɥɢɝɪɢɦ²ɫ
ɄɢɹɤɌɊɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɌɊɄɢɹɤ²ɄɢɟɜɍɆɄȼɈ²ɫ
ɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜȼɇɌɟɨɪɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ²Ɇȼɵɫɲɚɹ
ɲɤɨɥɚ²ɋ²
ɄɨɪɤɢɧȼȾȺɧɝɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜȼȾɄɨɪɤɢɧ
ɘȺɌɚɛɭɧɳɢɤɨɜɆɆȻɪɨɞɚɱ²Ɇ
ɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶȽɥɪɟɞȼɇəɪɰɟɜɚ²Ɇɋɨɜɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ
²ɫ
ɆɚɬɭɫɟɜɢɱɆɂȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɨɛɳɭɸɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɭ²Ɇ²ɫ
ɋɛɨɬɨɜɚɋȼɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɋȼɋɛɨɬɨɜɚȿɘɄɭɥɹɟɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɧɬɚ²²ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩ²ɋ²
ɋɤɨɪɨɯɨɞɶɤɨɗɎȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɗɎɋɤɨɪɨɯɨɞɶɤɨ²ɄɢɟɜɄɢɟɜɫɤɢɣɭɧɬ²ɫ
ɎɟɞɨɪɨɜȺȼɈɫɧɨɜɵɨɛɳɟɣɬɟɨɪɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ȺȼɎɟɞɨɪɨɜ²
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ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
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ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɉɟɧɡɚɊɨɫɫɢɹVERWRYDVYHWODQD#UDPEOHUUX
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ
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ɅɂɇȽȼɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄȺəȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ
ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɌɂȼɇɕɏɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼɈɇɅȺɃɇɂȽɊ
ȺɥȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɚɡɪɟɡɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪȺɜɬɨɪɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɪɟɱɢɫɬɨɥɤɧɨ
ɜɟɧɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɢɢɝɪɨɜɵɯɪɟɚɥɢɣɠɚɪɝɨɧɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɋɬɚɬɶɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɨɫɨɛɵɯɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɚɯɞɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɠɚɪɝɨɧɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɚɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɪɟɱɟɜɚɹɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ
ɗɩɨɯɚɞɢɞɠɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɥɨɜɚɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹɬɚɤɠɟ
ɤɚɤɧɨɜɵɣɜɢɬɨɤɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɪɢ
ɧɟɫɥɚɫɫɨɛɨɣɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɢɦɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɫɮɟɪɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɧɨɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɚɪɹɞɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɫɜɟɬɟɢɧɬɟɧ
ɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɆɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɩɨɬɨɤɢɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɟɛɥɨɤɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɢ©ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥªɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɫɬɜɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɢɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɧɨɜɵɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɢɬɚɤɬɢɤ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɪɢɫɤɢɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟɧɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɚɬɚɤ
ɠɟɧɚɟɝɨɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɜɪɹɞɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɆȼȽɨɪɛɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɦɜɝɨɞɭ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶªɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸɪɹɞɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɨ
ɛɥɟɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯɧɟɨɫɬɨ
ɪɨɠɧɨɝɨɧɟɨɛɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɚ>@
ȺɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɋɆɂ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɛɵɥɚɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɚ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɱɬɨ
ɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɦɟ
ɞɢɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɌɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȺȺɆɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ
ɢȼȼȺɧɬɪɨɩɨɜɚɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɱɬɨ©«ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɰɟ
ɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɧɨɢɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɨɛɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɩɭ
ɛɥɢɱɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
©ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬªɤɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ
ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹɦɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɢɢɬɞ ª>@
Ɂɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɥɟɬɬɟɪɦɢɧɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɚɫ
ɲɢɪɢɥɫɹɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɹɢɧɵɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɪɨɛ
ɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɟɩɨ
ɬɟɪɹɥɚɫɜɨɟɣɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɩɪɨ
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹɜɝɨɞɭɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ©əɡɵɤɢɪɟɱɶ
ɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚª ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪ²Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢ
ɬɟɬɞɪɭɠɛɵɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɛɵɥɢɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɞɨɤɥɚɞɵɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɚɫɩɟɤ
ɬɚɦɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ȿɆɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚɈȻɌɪɭɛɢɧɚɆɂɁɜɟɪɟɜɚ ȿɆɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɛɟɡ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɢɛɟɪɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɨɫɨɛɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɬɪɨɥɥɢɧɝɭɤɚɤɜɢɞɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɢɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɫɥɭ
ɱɚɟɬɪɨɥɥɢɧɝɚɬɚɤɢ>@ɈȻɌɪɭɛɢɧɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɧɵɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɪɟɞɟɤɚɤɮɚɤɬɨɪ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɢɫɤɚɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ>@
ɆɂɁɜɟɪɟɜɚɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɞɥɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ²ɋɆɂ²ɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
ɜɚɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɜɮɟɦɢɡɦɨɜɜɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɫɤɢɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɤɚɤɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ>@
Ɇɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɹɜɧɭɸɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɦɵɫ
ɥɢɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
ɧɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɬɟɦɩɨɥɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɤɚɤɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɜɬɚɤɢɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɲɚɝɨɜ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɞɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɦɢɦɨɭɠɟɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ©ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶªɦɵɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɦɬɚɤɢɟ
ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɚɤ©ɤɨɦɦ ɭɧɢɤɚɬ ɢɜɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ
ɧɨɫɬɶªɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟɘȼȾɚɧ ɸɲ ɢɧɨɣ>@
ɢ©ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɦɦ ɭɧ ɢɤɚɬ ɢɜɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶªɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟɄȽɌɚɪɛɚ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ
ɘȼȾɚɧɸɲɢɧɨɣɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɪɨɥɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɤɨɦ
ɩɥɟɤɫɦɟɪɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɢɫ
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɟɪɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɵɯɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
ɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɢɩɪɨɱɌɚɤɢɦɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɦɦɵɜɢɞɢɦɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɤɨɪɟɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɱɟɦɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨɧɟɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɄȽɌɚɪɛɚɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹɥɢɧɝɜɨ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɬɪɟɯɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɢɡɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
© ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɭɝɪɨɡɚɦɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢɩɚɝɭɛɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɦɨबɜɭɫ
ɥɨɜɢɹɯ©ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣࡅɜɨɣɧɵª ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ
ɮɚɤɬɨɜɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɤɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɢɫɬɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɞɪ ɪɟɱɟɜɚɹ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ²ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɚɢɦɟɧ
ɧɨɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɹɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɟɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɢɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɩɨɪɨɱɟɧɢɹɟɝɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɢɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɢɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ ª>@
ɋɚɦɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª
ɬɚɤɠɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɟɧɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɞɚɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɲɢɪɨɤɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɸɪɢɫ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ
ɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɦɵɫɥɢɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯɧɨɪɦɹɡɵɤɚ
ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɇȾȽɨɥɟɜɚ>@ ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɨɪɢ
ɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɫɭɞɶɛɭɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɢɟɝɨɦɟɫɬɨɜɦɢɪɨɜɨɦɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɂɂɏɚɥɟɟɜɚ
ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ȺɥȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟ
ɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ>@
ȼɫɥɟɞɡɚȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɨɣɦɵɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɞɚɧ
ɧɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɤɚɤ©ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɧɮɥɢɤ
ɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹɤɧɭɥɸɢɪɢɫɤɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ
ɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɟɝɨɚɜɬɨɪɭɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɭɢɥɢɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɭ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦª>@ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɨɠɟɬɧɟɫɬɢɭɝɪɨɡɭɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɸ
ɧɨɢɚɜɬɨɪɭɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɧɨɢɡɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɈɩɢɫɵɜɚɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɢɫɤɚȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɪɹɞɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɨ
ɞɨɛɧɨɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɹɞɚɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɄɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɪɢɫɤɚɩɪɢɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣɤɨɧ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɜɪɟɞɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɜɫɟɛɹɦɟɪɵɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɭɝɪɨɡɵ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɡɚɳɢɬɵɫɨɡɞɚ
ɧɢɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɞɟɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɢɜɧɵɯɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɧɚɤɨɧɟɰɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɩɪɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɋɆɂɢɥɢɧɚɚɜɬɨ
ɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɥɢ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɦɟɬɨɞɚɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɹɩɪɢɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɦɫɹɩɨɥɢɥɨ
ɝɟɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɥɸɛɵɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ
ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɫɪɟɞɵ"ȼɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɫɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɬ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɵɤɚɤɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɩɨɥɟɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɨɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɤɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɸɝɟɣɦɟɪɨɜ
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɪɹɞɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɷɤɫ
ɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɬɧɨ
ɫɹɬɫɹɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɡɧɚ
ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɯɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦɭ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɢɝɪɨɜɵɯɪɟɚɥɢɣɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɠɚɪɝɨɧɧɨɝɨɞɢɫ
Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪ
ɤɭɪɫɚɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɜɪɟɠɢɦɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɛɟɡɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ
ɨɛɨɢɯɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɟɬɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɯɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ
ɫɬɵɞ ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɝɟɧɞɟɪ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵɱɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɜɟ
ɫɬɢɞɢɚɥɨɝ©ɧɚɪɚɜɧɵɯªɚɬɚɤɠɟ©ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶª
ɪɟɱɶɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɝɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɨɬɵɝɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɪɨɥɶɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɠɟɧ
ɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɥɚɦɨɠɟɬ©ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶªɪɟɱɶɠɟɧɳɢ
ɧɵɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɦɨɠɟɬ
©ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶªɪɟɱɶɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚɢɬɞɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ
ɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹɧɟɤɨɣɭɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɹɪɤɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɟɪɟɯɨ
ɞɢɬɶɜɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢ
ɩɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣɩɨɩɨɥɨɜɨɦɭɢɥɢ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦɭɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɚɹɫɢɦɩɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɪɟɱɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɨɝɨɫɥɟɧɝɚɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɬɚɤɬɢɤɢɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɪɹɦɫɬɜɚ
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɢɧɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɤɚɡ
ɨɬɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɜɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣɦɢɪ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɜɵɞɭɦɚɧɧɵɦɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɦɢɌɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɞɚɧɧɵɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɟɝɨɧɟɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɨ
Ɉɞɧɢɦɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɝɪɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɞɧɢɦ
ɢɝɪɨɤɨɦɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɩɟɪɟɞɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɢɝɪɨɤɚɦɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɣɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɥɭɱɲɟɟɫɧɚ
ɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɜɵɤɚɢɥɢɭɦɟ
ɧɢɹɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɜɚɥɸɬɵ ɋɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɡɚɥɨɠɟ
ɧɚɜɫɚɦɨɣɫɭɬɢɢɝɪɵɹɜɥɹɹɫɶɟɟɱɟɪɬɨɣɢɰɟɥɶɸ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɉɨɩɵɬɤɚɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢ
ɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɢɦɟɸɬɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɤɪɨɦɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɚɤɬɚȻɭɞɭɱɢɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɜɵɛɨɪɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɧɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɟ
ɦɨɝɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢɢɝɪɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɚɤɬɢɜ
ɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɨɛɫɰɟɧɧɭɸɥɟɤɫɢɤɭɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɨɱ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣɤɨɞɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɦɚɬɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɣɜɬɚɤɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɛɭɞɟɬɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɜɜɢɞɟɫɢɦ
ɜɨɥɚ© ªɨɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɚɦɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɨɤɪɵɬɨ
ɝɨɡɚɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɣɜɢɞɡɚɳɢɬɵɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ
ɧɚɞɟɬɟɣɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɯɤɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɪɚɡɞɟɥɭɫɥɨɜɚɪ
ɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɡɵɤɚɉɨɦɢɦɨɷɬɨɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɨɛɦɚɧɵ
ɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɜɦɟɫɬɨɨɬ
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɛɭɤɜɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɠ#ɩɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɸ EO\DW ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɞɭɪ
ɚɤ ɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɡɚɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɥɟɤɫɟɦȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɦɨɞɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɫɥɟɞɹɳɟɝɨɡɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɜɢɝɪɨ
ɜɨɦɦɢɪɟɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɡɚɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ
ɇɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟɦɨɞɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦɡɚɤɥɸɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟ
ɥɹɤɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɫɪɨɤɨɦɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚɜɧɟɲɧɸɸɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɞɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜɧɚɨɛɴɟɦɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɫɨɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɞɥɹɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɚɦɢ
ɧɭɬɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɹɧɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɭɪɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟ
ɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
ɡɚɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢȾɥɹɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɪɟ
ɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɨɩɟɱɚɬɤɢɨɬɤɚɡɨɬɡɧɚ
ɤɨɜɩɪɟɩɢɧɚɧɢɹɢɡɚɝɥɚɜɧɵɯɛɭɤɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ZWV²ZDQWWR
VHOO²ɯɨɱɭɩɪɨɞɚɬɶOIS²ORRNLQJIRUSDUW\²ɢɳɭ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɭɬɧɟɫɬɢɭɝɪɨɡɭɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɢɦɟɧɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɫɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣɛɭɤɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢ
ɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɪɨɞɢɬɶɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ
ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɇɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣɨɬɤɚɡɨɬɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɫɤɨɪɨ
ɫɬɢɭɫɬɧɨɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɧɟɝɚɬɢɜ
ɧɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦɷɤɨɧɨɦɹɳɢɦɜɪɟɦɹ
ɢɧɟɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɦɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɫɬɢɞɢɚɥɨɝȿɫɥɢɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɟɜɟɞɟɬɫɹɜɨɛɳɟɦɤɚɧɚɥɟɬɨɩɪɢɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ
ɫɦɟɧɟɪɟɩɥɢɤɪɚɡɧɵɯɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɪɢɫɤɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶɫɭɬɶɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
Ʌɸɛɚɹɢɝɪɚɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɧɚɛɨɪɨɦɜɧɭɬɪɢɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ
ɪɟɚɥɢɣɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɯɢɥɢɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɯɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɸɧɨɜɢɱɤɭɈɛɢɥɢɟɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɜɧɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ
ɢɨɫɧɨɜɢɝɪɵɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɜɡɚ
ɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɩɪɢɩɨɩɵɬɤɟɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶɱɬɨɥɢɛɨ
ɫ©ɛɵɜɚɥɵɦªɢɝɪɨɤɨɦɉɨɧɢɦɚɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢɢɝɪɵɢɫɚɦɢɢɝɪɨɤɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɩɨɢɝɪɨɜɨɦɭɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɩɭ
ɛɥɢɤɭɸɬɡɚɦɟɬɤɢɧɚɢɝɪɨɜɵɯɫɚɣɬɚɯɢɮɨɪɭɦɚɯ
ɪɢɫɭɸɬɤɚɪɬɵɢɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɬɚɛɥɢɰɵɬɨɟɫɬɶ
ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɢɝɪɨɤɨɜɫɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɦɢɪɨɦ
əɡɵɤɝɟɣɦɟɪɨɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɤɨ
ɬɨɪɭɸɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɩɪɨ
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɧɨɢɧɚɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ȼɧɭɬɪɢɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɠɚɪɝɨɧɢɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹɜɢɝɪɟ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɨɝɭɬɫɬɚɬɶɨɱɟ
ɪɟɞɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɝɟɧɚɦɢɜɫɢɥɭɫɜɨɟɣɧɟɩɨ
ɧɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɛɥɟ
ɦɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɦɢɧɢɫɥɨɜɚɪɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɝɪɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹɫɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɥɟɤ
ɫɟɦɚɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɝɪɵ
ɋɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɬɨɝɨɱɬɨ
ɧɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɦɚɫɫɢɜɤɨɦɩɶɸ
ɬɟɪɧɵɯɢɝɪɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɂɝɪɵɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨ
ɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹɫɶɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ²ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹȿɜɪɨɩɵɢɥɢȺɦɟɪɢɤɢ
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɢɝɪɨɤɢɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹɫɢɝɪɨɣɧɚɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ
ɫɟɪɜɟɪɚɯɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɢɝɪɚɬɶɧɚɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɛɚɡɚɯɫɭɠɟɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ
ɢɝɪɨɜɵɦɨɩɵɬɨɦɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɢɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɝɪɵɫɚɧɝɥɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ
ɸɬɫɹɜɢɝɪɨɜɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɢɝɪɵɫɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɚɦɢɱɬɨɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢɟɫɥɢɨɞɢɧɢɡɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɧɟɡɧɚɟɬɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɥɢɠɟɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɧɟɞɨ
ɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦɟɝɨɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɪɚɦ
ɤɚɯɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ɂɬɚɤɦɵɜɢɞɢɦɱɬɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɩɨɧ
ɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɵɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɢɦɟ
ɬɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɄɪɢɬɟɪɢɢɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɟ
ɧɢɹɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɜɪɟɞɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ȺɥȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɟɜɫɢɥɭɜɵɲɟɨɡ
ɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɭɝɪɨɡɵɢɩɨɜɵɲɟ
ɧɢɹɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɛɭɞɭɬɪɚɛɨ
ɬɚɬɶɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɝɪɨɜɨɣɫɪɟɞɵɂɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɷɬɨ
ɦɭɧɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢɢɝɪɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɦɟɬɨɞɵɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɜɜɢɞɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɞɚ
ɢɪɚɛɨɬɵɦɨɞɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɩɟɧɢɬɟɧɰɢɚɪɧɵɯɜɧɭɬɪɢɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ
ɢɷɤɫɬɪɚɢɝɪɨɜɵɯɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɟɟ©ɫɚɦɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɢª ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɞɥɹɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦɫɜɨɛɨɞɵɢɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɚɪɝɭ
ɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɜɨɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɱɟɬɤɢɦɩɨ
ɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɪɚɡɧɢɰɵɦɟɠɞɭɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɪɟ
ɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɭɪɨɜɧɹɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɤɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸɭɦɟ
ɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɪɟɱɶɤɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɜɚɠɧɵɯ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɨɬɦɟɫɬɚɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ²ɜɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɜɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯɜɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɚɤɬɟɇɚɞɚɧɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɦɟɪɨɩɪɢ
ɹɬɢɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɧɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢɢɝɪɵɧɢɫɚɦɢɦɢɢɝɪɨɤɚɦɢ
ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɢɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɞɥɹ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɫɸɠɟɬɚɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɝɪɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɧɟɬɟɪɹɸɳɟɣɫɜɨɟɣ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɢɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɟɞɥɹɬɪɚɞɢ
ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɈɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ
ɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪɢɫɚɦɢɢɝɪɨɤɢɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ
ɬɵɞɥɹɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɜɢɝɪɨɜɨɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɢɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹɪɢɫɤɨɜɧɚ
ɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢȼɚɠɧɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɰɟɥɟɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɜɱɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɨ
ɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯɢɝɪ
ɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɢɯɫɹɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɫɵ
ɳɟɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ
Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɨɧɥɚɣɧɢɝɪ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȽɨɥɟɜɇȾɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɯɇȾȽɨɥɟɜɌɟɨɪɢɹɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɋɆɂɜɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯɷɤɫ
ɩɟɪɬɢɡɚɯɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɩɨɪɚɯ²ɑ²ɆȽɚɥɟɪɢɹɋ²
ȽɨɪɛɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɣɆȼȻɭɞɶɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɟɧɜɵɛɢɪɚɹɫɥɨɜɨɆȼȽɨɪɛɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɣɐɟɧɚɫɥɨɜɚɂɡɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɋɆɂɜɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯɩɨɡɚɳɢɬɟɱɟɫɬɢɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɢɢ²ɟɢɡɞɢɫɩɪɢɞɨɩɉɨɞɪɟɞɆȼȽɨɪɛɚɧɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ²ɆȽɚɥɟɪɢɹ²ɋ²
ȾɚɧɸɲɢɧɚɘȼɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɢɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɘȼȾɚɧɸɲɢɧɚəɡɵɤɋɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɶɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²ʋ²ɆȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɄȺɊɈȾɂɋ²
ɋ²
ɁɜɟɪɟɜɚɆɂɗɜɮɟɦɢɡɦɵɜɋɆɂɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɆɂɁɜɟɪɟɜɚəɡɵɤ
ɢɪɟɱɶɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²Ɍ²ɆɊɍȾɇ²²
ɋ²
ɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚȿɆɍɝɪɨɡɵɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɜɤɢɛɟɪɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ȿɆɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɚəɡɵɤɢɪɟɱɶɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²ɌɆ
ɊɍȾɇ²²ɋ²
ɆɨɪɨɡɨɜɚȺȺɌɟɤɫɬɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɟɣɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɦɟɞɢɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɵȺȺɆɨɪɨɡɨɜɚȼȼȺɧɬɪɨɩɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ²ɋɟɪɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟȼɵɩɭɫɤ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ²²ʋ
²ɋ²
ɌɚɪɛɚɄȽɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɧɜɟɤɬɢɜɚɢɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɢɟɄȽɌɚɪɛɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɄɭɛȽɌɍ²ʋ²²ɋ²
ɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚȽɇɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹȽɇɌɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚɊɭɫɢ
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ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɈȻɌɪɭɛɢɧɚəɡɵɤɢɪɟɱɶɜɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²
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ɏɚɥɟɟɜɚɂɂɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɊɨɫɫɢɢɂɂɏɚɥɟɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣȺɤɚ
ɞɟɦɢɢɧɚɭɤ²²Ɍ²ʋɋ²
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ȼɋɂɌɍȺɐɂɂɉɊȿɁȿɇɌȺɐɂɂɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕɑɌȿɇɂəȼɇɈȼɕɏɆȿȾɂȺ
ȿȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧɚ ȺɧȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
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ȺɜɬɨɪɵɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬɎɨɧɞɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɑɟɥȽɍɡɚɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɫɬɚɬɶɢɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɭɱɚɫɬ
ɧɢɤɨɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ²ɷɬɨɚɜɬɨɪɤɪɢɬɢɤɢɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɌɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɜɨɫɨɛɵɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɠɚɧɪɚɯɧɨɜɵɯɦɟɞɢɚɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɤɧɢɠɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞ
ɜɢɠɧɵɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɵɜɥɢɹɧɢɸɷɞɶɸɬɟɣɧɦɟɧɬɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪɫɚɦɨɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɧɨɜɵɟɦɟɞɢɚɤɧɢɠ
ɧɵɟɫɩɢɫɤɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɷɞɶɸɬɟɣɧɦɟɧɬ
Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɱɬɟɧɢɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɦɢɪɟɢɧɬɟɪɟ
ɫɭɟɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɜɫɟɯɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɧɚɭɤ
ɱɬɨɜɩɨɥɧɟɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɤɧɢɝɢɤɚɤɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɂɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɤɚɤ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɛɨɥɟɟɧɟɯɨ
ɱɟɬɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɟɛɹɧɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɟɫɥɢ
ɧɟɱɢɬɚɟɬɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɚɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɜɵɛɨɪɜɩɨɥɶɡɭQRQ¿FWLRQɢɥɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬ
ɤɨɧɬɟɧɬɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɟɣɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɦɟ
ɞɢɚɠɚɧɪɨɜɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɷɩɨɯɚɢɧɨɜɵɟɩɪɢɧ
ɰɢɩɵɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɥɢɹɸɬɢɧɚɤɧɢɠɧɭɸ
ɫɮɟɪɭɫɬɚɜɹɬɩɟɪɟɞɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɤɚɤɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɱɢɬɚɬɟ
ɥɟɦɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɢɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɦɜɦɢɪɟɝɞɟɚɜɬɨɪɧɟɜɨɫ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɌɜɨɪɟɰɤɧɢɝɚɤɚɤɄɧɢɝɚɚɱɢɬɚ
ɬɟɥɶɟɫɬɶɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ"ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɪɨɞɵɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɜɨ
ɞɹɬɤɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɢɯɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤ
Ɇɵɭɠɟɩɢɫɚɥɢɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɜɥɢɹɸɬɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɤɧɢɠɧɵɯɧɨɜɢɧɨɤɜɫɟɬɟɜɵɯɦɟ
ɞɢɚɧɚɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɱɬɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɷɬɨɦɫɦ Ȼɵɥɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɜɟɞɟɬɤɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɢɡɫɮɟɪɵɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɬɤɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɨɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɚ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ©ɩɭɫɬɵɦɡɧɚɤɨɦªȿɫɬɶɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ
ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟɠɚɧɪɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɨɤɧɢɝɚɯɨɫɨɛɚɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɢɨɪɢɟɧ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɬɢɩɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ
ɬɟɥɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɧɢɝɜɨɛɳɭɸɝɪɭɩɩɭ
ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɞɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɤɧɢɠɧɚɹɧɨɜɢɧɤɚɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɝɚɪɞɟɪɨɛɚ
ɫɪ©ɧɨɜɵɯɤɧɢɝɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹªɢ©ɍɤɪɨɣɫɹɞɭ
ɛɥɟɧɨɤɢɡɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɢɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɚɥɨɜª ɷɬɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ©ɬɟɤɫɬɚɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɯª
ɤɨɝɞɚɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɢɡɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɫɸɠɟɬɟɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɤɧɢɝɢɞɥɹɦɟ
ɞɢɣɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɧɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ©ɤɚɤªɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɟɞɶ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɦɧɨɝɢɯɬɟɨɪɟ
ɬɢɤɨɜɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɧɚɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɧɚɫɤɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭɡɧɚɧɢɹ>ɫɦ@
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɜɚɠɧɵɦɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ©ɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟª
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɧɨɢɧɚɲɟɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɤɧɢɝɟɤɚɤɤɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɭɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɦɭɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɜɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɤɪɢɬɢ
ɤɢɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɧɨɜɵɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɩɚɧɬɟɨɧɢɤɚɧɨɧ
ɪɚɞɢɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɧɨɜɵɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɜɷɬɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɞɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢ
ɡɚɰɢɟɣɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɚɤɬɨɜ
ɬɤɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɞɥɹ
ɤɧɢɝɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ©ɷɞɶɸɬɟɣɧɦɟɧɬª
ɉɪɢɜɫɟɦɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢɫɟɬɟɜɵɯɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤɪɚɫ
ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɨɤɧɢɝɚɯɟɫɬɶɦɟɞɢɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɪɢ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɤɝɚɡɟɬɟ©Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɫɚɧɬª²©Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɫɚɧɬ
:HHNHQGª ©Ʉɧɢɝɢª ɢɥɢɪɚɡɞɟɥ©Ʉɧɢɝɢªɢɧ
ɬɟɪɧɟɬɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ©/HQWDUXª ɢɬɟɱɬɨɩɨɹɜɢ
ɥɢɫɶɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɥɟɬ ɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
©Ⱦɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɹªɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ
ɧɵɣɷɬɨɦɭɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɭɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ²ɝɨɞɢɥɢ
©Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ0HGLDªɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹɜɝɨɞɭɢɥɢ
ɫɚɣɬɨɛɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ©ɉɨɥɤɚª²
ɝɨɞ ɂɟɫɥɢɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɟɬɟɜɵɯɢɡɞɚɧɢɣɧɟɬ
ɚɦɛɢɰɢɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɪɨɪɨɤɨɜɢɥɢɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ
ɤɜɢɡɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɢɦɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɦ²ɱɬɨɛɭɞɭɬɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɞɟɫɹɬɶɢɥɢɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶɥɟɬɬɤɢɯɡɚɞɚɱɚɩɪɟ
ɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɬɶɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɢɥɢɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɪɵɧɨɤ ɧɚɷɬɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɚɧɨɧɫɵɤɧɢɠɧɵɯɧɨɜɢɧɨɤɜɫɨɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɨɟɫɬɶɢɫɟɬɟɜɵɟɦɟɞɢɚ
ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɟɧɚɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɟɨɛɳɟɝɨɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
ɠɢɡɧɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɢɞɹɳɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɹɫɤɧɢɝɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɦɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛ
ɪɚɡɚɠɢɡɧɢ
ɇɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɨɞ
ɯɨɞɨɦɤɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɤɧɢɝɢɤɧɢɠɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɜɨɨɛɳɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɨɞɢɧɢɡɫɬɚɪɟɣɲɢɯɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɫɝɨɞɚ ɞɨɝɨɞɚɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɜɜɢɞɟɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɚɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵ
ɜɜɢɞɟɫɚɣɬɚ©Ⱥɮɢɲɚ'DLO\ªɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢ
ɱɚɸɬɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟɤɪɢɬɢɤɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɩɢɫɚɬɟ
ɥɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɪɢɛɭɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɧɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ
ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣȼɝɨɞɭɱɚɫɬɶɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ
©Ⱥɮɢɲɚªɩɟɪɟɲɥɚɜɧɨɜɵɣɫɟɬɟɜɨɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɩɨɫɜɹ
ɳɟɧɧɵɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ©Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ0HGLDªɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɛɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɷɬɢɯɫɚɣɬɨɜɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦɨɦ
ɨɩɵɬɨɦɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɵɦɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪ
ɧɵɦɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦɧɨɜɨɣɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ɋɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛɨɛɳɟɣɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɨɫɭɝɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɛɵɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɥɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɦɭɥɶɬɢɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɧɨɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɗɬɨɬɜɟɤɬɨɪ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɷɞɶɸɬɟɣɧɦɟɧɬ ɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɛɥɟɧɞɢɧɝ²ɢɝɪɚɸɨɛɭɱɚɹɫɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɡ
ɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɧɨɢɧɚɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ
ɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɟɫɞɟɬɫɤɢɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɚɫɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɣɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɢɜɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɦɜɢɞɟɡɚɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɈɝɪɨɦɧɨɣɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɥɟɤɬɨɪɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɨɱɟɧɶɪɚɡɧɵɟɩɥɨɳɚɞ
ɤɢɬɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɟɤɬɨɪɢɣ©Ɍɟɚɬɪ;;,ªɜɦɨɫɤɨɜ
ȿȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧɚȺɧȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɫɤɨɦɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟ©ɏɢɬɪɨɜɤɚªɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɬɟɚɬɪɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɢɣɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɭɡɟɹɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɁɂɅɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɨɧɨɜɨɫɬɹɯɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɪɚɡ
ɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɪɬɚɥ©7KHRU\DQGSUDFWLFHª²
©Ɍɟɨɪɢɢɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢªɩɨɬɪɢɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɨɛɨɣɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɥɟɤɰɢɢɡɚɨɞɢɧɜɟɱɟɪɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɟɤɬ©ɄɭɪɢɥɤɚȽɭɬɟɧɛɟɪɝɚª
ɢɬɩɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɢɜɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣɱɚɫɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɥɟɤɬɨɪɢɹɢɦɟɟɬɲɚɧɫ
ɜɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɦɧɟɧɢɟɨɬɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ
ɢɡɨɱɟɧɶɪɚɡɧɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɡɧɚɧɢɹɱɬɨɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɟɝɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɱɤɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɚɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɷɪɭɞɢɰɢɟɣȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨ
ɜɚɬɶɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣɪɹɞ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣɫɬɚɧɟɬɬɟɧɞɟɧ
ɰɢɹɤɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɫɬɢɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɭɬɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©əɡɧɚɸɱɬɨ
ɧɢɱɟɝɨɧɟɡɧɚɸɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɤɚɠɞɨɦɭª>@©ɉɥɚɧɵ
ɧɚɫɬɚɪɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɬɶɛɨɹɬɶɫɹɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚª>@
ɇɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɤɧɢɝɢɢɤɧɢɠɧɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɜɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɫɬɚɥɢɱɚɫɬɶɸɷɬɨɣɨɛɳɟɣɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ
ɤɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɸɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɬɤɧɨɜɵɟɦɟɞɢɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨ©ɥɚɣɮɯɚɤɢªɩɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɤɪɭɝɚ
ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ©ɥɭɱɲɢɯɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɵɦɨɝ
ɥɢɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶª>@ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɹɩɭɬɶ
ɤɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭɧɨɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ
ɟɝɨɜɟɤɬɨɪɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɤɥɸɱɟɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ
ɉɪɢɱɟɦɦɵɧɟɦɨɠɟɦɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɧɨɜɢɧɤɚɯ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯɢɡɞɚɧɢɣɬɤɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɸɬɫɹɢɥɟɤɰɢɢɨɍɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɟȺɋɉɭɲɤɢɧɟ
ɆȺȻɭɥɝɚɤɨɜɟɢɬɩ ɫɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɟɤɰɢɸ
ɨɪɨɦɚɧɟɅɇɌɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ©ȺɧɧɚɄɚɪɟɧɢɧɚɝɪɚɦ
ɦɚɬɢɤɚɧɟɥɸɛɜɢª>@ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦɜɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɚȺɧɧɵɇɚɪɢɧɫɤɨɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɚɩɨɫɬɨ
ɹɧɧɨɝɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɝɚɡɟɬɵ©Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɫɚɧɬª©Ⱥɮɢɲɚ
'DLO\ª©Ƚɨɪɶɤɢɣ0HGLDª ɩɨɥɤɚ©ɋɬɚɪɵɟɢɫɩɵ
ɬɚɧɧɵɟɤɧɢɝɢª ɚɜɬɨɪɚɤɧɢɝɢɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɫɫɟ
©ɇɟɡɹɛɥɢɤªɜɵɲɟɞɲɟɣɜɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ©&RUSXVª
ɜɝɨɞɭ>@ȿɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ
ɧɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɨɞɯɨɞɟɇɚɪɢɧɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɶɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɬɟɦɫɨɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɚɝɚɹɱɬɨ©ɢɡɤɧɢɝɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɜɟɫɬɢɫɭɦɦɭɢɞɟɣɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢªɷɬɨ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶɢɛɟɫɩɚɦɹɬɫɬɜɨɧɚɲɟɧɨɜɨɟɩɪɨɲɥɨɟɩɨɫɥɟ
Ɂɚɩɚɞɚɢɬɞ>@ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹɱɬɨɨɬɛɨɪɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɚɜɬɨɪɚɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɢɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɱɬɟɧɢɹɜɧɨɜɵɯɦɟɞɢɚ
ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɦɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɢɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɨɢɢɯɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɬɢɩɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɫɭɜɟɪɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɸɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɧɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɨɞɧɢɯɮɢɝɭɪ
ɢɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɪɭɝɢɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɮɨɪɦɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɤɚɧɨɧɚ²ɫɩɢɫɤɚɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɬɵɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɱɬɨɬɨɩɨɣɦɟɲɶɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɦɬɟɛɟɦɢɪɟɧɨɢɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɲɶɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ©ɫɜɨɟª
ɦɧɟɧɢɟɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɜɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɚɠɟ
ɧɟɩɪɨɱɬɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɬɟɤɫɬ²ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ȼɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɤɪɢɬɢɤɢɫɟɬɟɜɵɯɦɟɞɢɚ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɸɜɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɜɷɩɨɯɭɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɛɵɤɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɥɢ
ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɡɦɚɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɫɶɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣɤɪɢɬɢɤɢɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ²ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɢɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦɩɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɫɚɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɧɢɝɜɧɚɲɟɦɫɨɡɧɚ
ɧɢɢɅɟɤɬɨɪɵɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟɫɜɨɢɫɩɢɫɤɢ©ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯɤɧɢɝ;;,ɜɟɤɚªɭɠɟɫɟɣɱɚɫɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɦɞɟ
ɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɢɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɧɨɜɵɣɩɚɧɬɟɨɧ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɹɦ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɭɬɟɯɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɭɠɟɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɪɟɞɭɰɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɨɬɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ
ɉɨɤɚɠɟɦɤɚɤɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɦ
ɩɨɧɟɧɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɢɚɜ
ɬɨɪɚɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɵɢɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɟɳɟɜɟɝɨɞɵ
ɡɚɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɫɮɟɪɵɩɨɬɪɟ
ɛɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɨɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɪɵɧɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɧɚ
ɡɵɜɚɸɬ©ɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪɨɦªɬɟɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ
ɬɟɥɟɦɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ©SURGXFHUª
ɢ©FRQVXPHUªɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ Ɍɚɤɨɣɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɩɨ
ɹɜɢɥɫɹɜɦɨɦɟɧɬɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɤɢɜɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸȼɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɌɨɮɮɥɟɪɚɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɨɧɢɡɥɨɠɢɥɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ©Ɍɪɟɬɶɹɜɨɥɧɚª ɩɪɨɫɶɸ
ɦɟɪɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɢɛɥɚɝɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɯ
ɜɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ>@ɉɨɫɥɨɜɚɦɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɚ
ɈɆɨɪɨɡɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪ²©ɷɬɨɬɨɬɤɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɟɪɟ
ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶɩɨɞɫɟɛɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɤɚɤɭɸ
ɬɨɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɶɬɨɟɫɬɶɬɨɱɬɨɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬɟɝɨ
ɩɨɞɫɜɨɢɧɭɠɞɵɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɬɟɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɨɤɪɭɝɧɟɝɨɟɫɬɶɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɱɬɨɬɨɧɨɜɨɟª>@ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɬɚɤɨɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɥɟɝɱɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢɦɨɞɵɤɨɝɞɚɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ
ɛɪɟɧɞɵɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɚɫɬɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɟɞɟ
ɥɚɸɬɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɭɧɢɤɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦɢɡɚɫɱɟɬɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɦɚɪɤɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟ
ɧɢɹɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ©GRLW\RXUVHOIª ɫɦ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ/HYL¶V Ⱦɥɹ
ɧɚɫɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪɢɡɦɚ
ɜɚɠɧɵɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɬɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɬɟɫɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɜɟɪɯɜɚɠɧɵɦ
Ʉɚɤɦɵɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɷɬɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɫɟ
ɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɚɧɚɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵɊɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɧɟɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ
©ɊɨɦɚɧªɜɊɭɧɟɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɞɟɢɊɨɦɚɧɅɟɣɛɨɜ ɢɥɢ
ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣɤɧɢɝɟ©Ɇɢɥɥɢɨɧɩɢɧɝɜɢɧɨɜªɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɫɟɬɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ
ɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɟɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ©3HQJXLQ%RRNVªɢ'H
0RQIRUW8QLYHUVLW\ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɫɹɜɝɨɞɭ ɢɞɚɠɟɧɟɨɛɢɝɪɨɜɵɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɸɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ©Ɉɫɶɦɢɧɨɝɭª
ȻȺɤɭɧɢɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɝɨɞɭɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɱɢɬɚ
ɬɟɥɹɦɫɚɦɢɦɜɵɛɪɚɬɶɤɨɧɰɨɜɤɭɤɧɢɝɢɚɨɛɨɥɟɟ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯɉɨɧɢɦɚɹɱɬɨɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɹɫɩɪɨɫɢɩɵɬɚɹɫɶɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɭɝɚɞɚɬɶɦɵ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɱɬɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɨɫɶɸ
ɦɟɪɨɜɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɚɧɚɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɤɧɢɝ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣɫɚɦɨɩɪɟ
ɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
ɌɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵȼɌɸɩɚɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɪɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɚɤɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɫɦɟɧɭ©ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª
ɢɜɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɟɩɨ©Ɍɟɨɪɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵªɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ
ɫɥɨɜɚȽȽɟɝɟɥɹ©ɯɨɬɹɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟ
ɧɢɟɢɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɳɢɣɫɹɜɫɟɛɟɢɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧ
ɧɵɣɦɢɪɜɫɟɠɟɨɧɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɞɥɹɫɟɛɹ
ɚɞɥɹɧɚɫɞɥɹɩɭɛɥɢɤɢª>ɫ@ɂɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɷɬɢɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɢɲɟɬɫɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɚɜɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ©ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɧɢɣɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɨɩɵɬɨɦɨɛɟɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɢɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɷɬɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚ ɤɢɧɬɟɪɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɫɨɰɢɭɦɚª>ɫ@Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɚɜɬɨɪɩɨɧɢɦɚɹɱɬɨɟɝɨɬɪɭɞɢɦɟɟɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ
ɧɭɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɭɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɩɨɡɢɰɢɢɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɬɤɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɧɢɝɢɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɟɟ
ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ
ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɤɚɤɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪɨɜɦɵɦɨ
ɠɟɦɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɢɯɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɠɢɡɧɢɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɩɨ
ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣɧɚɫɢɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɪɟɜɢɡɢɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɜɤɥɚɞɚ
ɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ
ȿȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧɚȺɧȺɋɟɥɸɬɢɧ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɪɢɬɢɤɚȺɜɬɨɪɵɜɟɞɭɬɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɹɯ ɫɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭɜɫɟɬɢɁɉɪɢɥɟɩɢɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɨɧɜɟɞɟɬ
ɫɚɦ ɭɧɢɯɟɫɬɶɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɚɣɬɵɫɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɚɣɬ
ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹȺɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ȼɨɩɪɨɫ©ɱɬɨɜɵɯɨɬɟɥɢ
ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɜɨɟɣɤɧɢɝɨɣªɢɥɸɛɵɟɟɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢɩɨ
ɦɟɳɚɟɬɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɠɚɧɪɚɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɢɚɧɧɨ
ɬɚɰɢɢɬɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɞɨɮɨɪɦɭ
ɥɵɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɡɚɬɟɦɦɨɠɧɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɛɥɨɝɟɜɜɢɞɟɬɜɢɬɚɢɥɢɩɨɞɩɢɫɢɤɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ
ɜ,QVWDJUDPɂɚɜɬɨɪɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɷɬɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹɱɬɨɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɰɢɹɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɨ
ɠɟɬɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɟɫɥɢɨɧɧɟɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɚɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɟ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɨɟɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦɫɟɝɦɟɧ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨɪɵɧɤɚ ɤɚɤɫɮɟɪɵɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɤɚɫɬɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɭɫɥɭɝ ɷɬɚɤɧɢɝɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɬɟɛɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɤɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ©ɧɨɜɢɧ
ɤɢªɛɵɫɬɪɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɧɚɤɧɢɝɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹɫɜɹɡɶ
ɜɫɟɬɢɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɮɟɪɚɤɪɢ
ɬɢɤɢ ɢɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣɚɜɬɨɪɚɬɜɨɪɰɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɟɫɬȺɜɬɨɪɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣɫɚɦɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɬɪɚɧɫ
ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɭɸɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭȼɷɬɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɨɫɨɛɨɣɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɚɜɬɨɪɵ
ɞɚɸɬɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɤɧɢɝɢɥɢɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɢɯɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɦ
ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɦɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦɞɥɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ
ɞɟɛɸɬɩɟɪɜɚɹɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣɭɫɩɟɲ
ɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣɤɚɪɶɟɪɵɢɥɢɠɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɨɣɜɞɟɥɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɚɦɛɢɰɢɣ
Ⱦɟɛɸɬ²ɷɬɨɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬ©ɨɡɧɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹª
ɚɜɬɨɪɚɜɦɢɪɟɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɚɜɬɨɪɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɜɞɟɥɨɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟɤɪɢ
ɬɢɤɢɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɩɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭɰɟɯɭɩɟɪɫɨɧɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɚɜɬɨɪɞɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɟɦɟɣ
ɧɵɣɤɪɭɝ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɚɦɵɣɲɢɪɨɤɢɣɤɪɭɝɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɥɢɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣɟɫɥɢɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɢɢɥɢ
ɷɤɪɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɊɟɰɟɩɰɢɹ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɨɞɭɫɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɞɥɹɧɚɫɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜ
ɧɨɜɚɠɟɧ ɮɚɤɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɬɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ©ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣªɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸɪɟɚɤɰɢɸɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɟɝɨɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɱɬɨɟɫɥɢɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ
ɧɟɬɬɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɢɧɟɬɬɟɛɹɤɚɤɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɵɌɟɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɢɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɚɜɬɨɪɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɚɜɬɨ
ɪɭɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹ²©ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶªɢɥɢ
©ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹªɂɟɫɥɢɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ©ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨªɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɹɧɨɜɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɦɨɣɜɡɝɥɹɞɧɚɦɢɪ
ɧɨɜ ɬɨɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɞɨɤɚɡɚ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɜɟɪɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɟɛɹɤɚɤɚɜɬɨɪɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɥɟɠɢɬɜɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢɜɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɬɜɨɣɬɟɤɫɬ²
ɧɨɜɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɢɢɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ
ɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
ɡɚɞɚɱɚɫɥɨɠɧɚɹɉɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɚɦɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɚɜɬɨ
ɪɚɦɱɬɨɲɚɧɫɚɧɚɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɚɫɥɟɞɨɦɡɚɧɟɣ
ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɠɚɧɪɨɜɭɸɢɢɧɭɸɧɨɜɢɡɧɭɭɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɟɬɆɵɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɱɬɨɚɜɬɨɪɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɫɶɸɦɟɪɢɡɦɚɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɤɬɢɜ
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ȼɨɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɋɢɥɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣɨɛɨɪɨɧɵɝȺɤɬɨɛɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɝɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɨɦɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɪɟ
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɰɟɥɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɛɵɥɨɨɩɢɫɚɬɶɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɫɪɟɞɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɜɭɡɟɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɄɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɫɪɟɞɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢ
ɦɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɜɧɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɷɬɚɩɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɚɹɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɹɷɧɞɨ
ɝɥɨɫɫɢɹɹɡɵɤɦɚɤɪɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ²ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɜɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɜɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɊɄ ɧɚɷɬɚɩɟ©ɩɟɪɟ
ɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢªɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɦɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɦɟɧɭɜɟɫɚɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɚɯ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢȺɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨ
ɛɥɟɦɵɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɜɚɠɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɈɛɳɟɣɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɤɚɤ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɞɨɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢɟɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɛɵ
ɬɨɜɵɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯ
ɐɟɥɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɨɹɤɚɹɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɭɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɫɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɢɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣɷɬɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ
ɧɨɟɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɪɟɞɟɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɇɨɜɢɡɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɢɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɢɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɟɝɨɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫ
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɊɄ
Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɡɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɪɚɫɫɭɠ
ɞɟɧɢɢɌɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɟɷɬɧɨɫɵɢɹɡɵɤɢɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ
ɢɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɦɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɯɦɚɠɨɪɢ
ɬɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɹɡɵɤɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɚɦɨɝɨɤɪɭɩɧɨ
ɝɨɷɬɧɨɫɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɬɨɣɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɯɬɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢɗɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɧɟɨɛ
ɯɨɞɢɦɜɥɸɛɨɦɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɟɫɥɢɹɡɵɤɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɢɡɨɳɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɷɬɨɝɨɫɥɨ
ɜɚ ɞɥɹɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɟɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɢɜɟɫɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ
ɧɨɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɈɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹɫɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ
ɦɢɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɩɨɟɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟ
ɧɢɸȼɷɬɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡ
ɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɜɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
ɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɢɝɨ
ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦ
ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ
ɢɜɟɫɚɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɷɬɢɯ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟ
ɪɚɯȾɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɷɧɞɨ
ɝɥɨɫɫɢɟɣɬɟɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯɧɚɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɯ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯɗɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɧ
ɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣɹɡɵɤ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧ
ɤɚɢɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤ ɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣɚɤɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɢɧɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɫɭɝɭɛɨ
ɭɬɢɥɢɬɚɪɧɵɦɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɤɨɞɨɦɞɥɹɦɟɠ
ɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ
ȼɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟ²
ɷɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟɧɨɢɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɪɚɡ
ɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɟɬ
ɫɜɨɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɬɞ ȼɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɢɦɟ
ɸɳɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɬ
ɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɬɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦɜɧɭɬɪɢɧɚɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹȿɫɥɢ
ɧɚɪɨɥɶɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɡɛɢɪɚ
ɟɬɫɹɹɡɵɤɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɬɨɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɫɧɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɜɜɢɞɟɟɝɨɩɨ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹɢɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɠɢɡ
ɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɎɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɥɸɛɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨ
ɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɮɨɪɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɥɢɪɹɞɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɢɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢɜɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜɢɥɢɚɞ
ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ>
ɋ@ɄɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɅɅȺɸɩɨɜɚ©ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹ©ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹªɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵ
ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɢɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ«!ȼɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫɬɟɦɨɬɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹª>ɋ@
ȼɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɹɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɬɨɱɟɤɡɪɟɧɢɹɘȾȾɟɲɟɪɢɟɜ
ɢɂɎɉɪɨɬɱɟɧɤɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɫɥɟ
ɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ©«ɡɧɚɧɢɟɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɢɡɜɟɫɬ
ɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɚɯɢɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɬɚɤɨɣɦɟɪɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɢɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɜɨɢɦɵɫɥɢɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɞɥɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɮɨɪɦɟɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɪɟɱɢ
ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢɭɫɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɭɦɟ
ɧɢɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɱɭɠɭɸɪɟɱɶɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɥ
ɧɵɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦª>@ȻɇȽɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɱɬɨ
ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɢɥɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²©ɷɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣɠɟɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɬɨɣɠɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɗɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɞɧɢɦ
ɢɬɟɦɠɟɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦª>@ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɜɷɬɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɨɧɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ
©ɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢªɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɢɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɯ
ɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɫɮɟɪɵɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢɢɠɚɪɝɨɧɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɹɡɵɤɢɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɩɨɞ >@
ɉɨɞɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɨɦɦɵɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɢɧɞɢ
ɜɢɞɨɦɞɜɭɦɹɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɢɟɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɧɚɧɢɯɫɨɞɢ
ɧɚɤɨɜɨɣɢɥɢɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ©ɤɨ
ɞɨɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟª²ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
ɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣ©ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɞɨɜ
ɤɨɞɨɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ²ɷɬɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɢɚ
ɥɟɤɬɚɫɬɢɥɹ ɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢª>ɋ@Ȼɢɥɢɧɝɜɵɬɚɤɠɟ©ɩɟɪɟ
ɤɥɸɱɚɸɬªɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɤɨɞɵɨɫɧɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɤɚɤɱɚɫɬɢɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɱɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɦɟɧɭɢɯ ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɞɨɜɢɥɢɤɨɞɨɜɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɜɯɨɞɹɬɜɤɪɭɝɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɟɣɩɪɨɰɟɫ
ɫɵɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ
ɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɭɫɥɨ
ɜɢɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɄɨɞɨɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɵɯɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɮɟɪɚɯɋɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɟɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟ
ɧɢɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɜɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɨɧɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɨɫɬɨ
ɹɧɢɹɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɟɝɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɞɚɠɟ
ɟɫɥɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɰɢɢɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɞɥɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɫɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɦɹɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɫɤɨɦ
ɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦɧɚɧɢɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɦɟɠɴɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɟɣɢɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɤɚɤɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɮɨɪɦɟɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɬɚɤɢɟɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟɫɮɟɪɵɤɚɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɢɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɨɪɦɨɣɞɥɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɈɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɟɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɯɫɨ
ɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ
ȿɫɬɶɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɞɥɹɧɚɫɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɬɪɢɜɢɞɚɫɭ
ɛɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɢɧɟɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɭɛ
ɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ȼɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɅȼɓɟɪɛɵ©ɫɭɛɨɪɞɢɧɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɣªɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²ɷɬɨɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɞɢ
ɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɨɞɢɧɹɡɵɤ ɱɚɳɟɜɬɨɪɨɣɧɨɢɧɨ
ɝɞɚ²ɪɟɰɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɱɚɳɟ
ɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɨɢɧɨɝɞɚ²ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɣɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɫɦɨ
ɬɪɹɧɚɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɜɪɟɱɢ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɢɦɟɸɬɫɹɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɫɥɭɱɚɢɢɧɬɟɪ
ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨ
ɫɭɛɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɭɝɨɜɨ
ɪɹɳɢɯɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɯɜɬɨɪɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
ɢɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɨɧɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧɞɥɹɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜ©Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣªɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²ɷɬɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɩɟɪɜɵɣɢɜɬɨɪɨɣɹɡɵɤɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɚɜ
ɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɜɟɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɢɧɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɟɝɨ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟȼɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɤɚɠɞɨɦɭɢɡɹɡɵɤɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɜɨɣɧɚ
ɛɨɪɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢɧɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ²ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɞɜɭɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɧɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɱɟɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɮɟ
ɪɟɧɰɢɹɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ©ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣªɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ©ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɥɭɱɚɣɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɢɜɬɨɪɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɤɚɤɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɧɟɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɟɩɪɢɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢ
ɡɟ ɢɫɢɧɬɟɡɟɪɟɱɢª>@ɋɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɤɚɤɭɸɛɵɬɨɧɢɛɵɥɨɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧ
ɰɢɸɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɦɹɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɪɟɞɤɨɈɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɭɛɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸɤɚɤ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɤɜɨɡɶɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ
ɧɭɸɫɟɬɤɭɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ
Ɉɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ©ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨªɢ©ɧɟɫɛɚɥɚɧ
ɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨªɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɛɵɥɚɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɚɗɉɢɥɨɦ
ɢɍɗɅɚɦɛɟɪɬɨɦ>@ɋɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɜɪɚɜɧɨɣɦɟɪɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟɢɤɨɦ
ɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɞɢ
ɜɢɞɚɧɚɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɇɟɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɤɨɝɞɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɢɥɢɜɬɨɪɵɦɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɡɧɚɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɥɭɱɲɟɱɟɦɞɪɭɝɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɈɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɱɬɨɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɢɨɞɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɧɟɱɚɫɬɨɛɵɜɚɸɬɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɋɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɪɟɞɨɤɩɨɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɭ©ɩɨɥɧɨɣɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɨɞɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɛɵɜɚɟɬª>@Ɍɨɬɹɡɵɤ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɥɭɱɲɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɦɢ
ɧɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɢɷɬɨɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɟɪɜɵɣɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤ ɚɬɨɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɯɭɠɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɪɟɰɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɫɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɝɨɢɪɟɰɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɦɨɠɟɬɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɦɟɧɵɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɨɥɟɣ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɭɦɟɫɬɧɟɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɹɡɵɤɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɧɟ©ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɦªɢ©ɪɟɰɟɫɫɢɜ
ɧɵɦªɚ©ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦªɢ©ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦª ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɨɬɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɨɩɩɨ
ɡɢɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɚɹɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɨɞɢɧɚɤɨ
ɜɨɢɥɢɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟɧɚɜɵɤɢɢɭɦɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɚɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɍɗɅɚɦɛɟɪɬɄȻɟɣ
ɤɟɪȺɅɢɞɞɢɤɨɭɬɢɞɪ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ
©ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨªɢ©ɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨªɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡ
ɦɚɉɟɪɜɵɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɟ
ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɩɟɪɜɨɦɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɠɢɡɧɢɧɟɡɚ
ɦɟɧɢɬɢɧɟɜɵɬɟɫɧɢɬɟɝɨȺɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɹɡɵɤɢɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɧɢɦɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ©ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɸɬªɜɧɨɫɹɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɨɛɳɟɟɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɟɪɟɛɟɧɤɚɋɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɬɟɪɟɣɢɥɢɷɪɨɡɢɟɣɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɧɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɝɞɚɞɜɚɹɡɵɤɚ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɸɬɚɧɟɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚ>
@Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɟɣȾɠɄɚɦɦɢɧɫɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɣɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɞɟɬɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ©ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹªɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɜɫɜɨɟɦɪɨɞɧɨɦɩɟɪɜɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ
ɸɳɭɸɩɨɥɶɡɭɢɡɤɨɞɨɜɵɯɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɜɲɤɨɥɟ
ɢɞɨɦɚɢɢɡɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ>ɋ@
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣɢɷɦ
ɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ
ɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡ
ɦɚɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ©ɡɚªɢ©ɩɪɨɬɢɜªɬɚɤɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɇɢɠɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡ
ɦɚɊɹɞɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɜɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɨɜɢɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɨɜ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɊȿɅɟɜɢɧɚɌȻɎɢɥɢɱɟɜɚɗɏɨɮɮ
ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɱɬɨɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɪɚɧɧɢɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɬɟɩɨɱɬɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɞɜɭɯɹɡɵ
ɤɚɯɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɨɛɳɟɦɭɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɪɟɱɢ ɈɇɊ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɪɟɱɢɢɨɛɳɟɣɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ©ɉɨɞɨɛɳɢɦɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɪɟɱɢɭɞɟɬɟɣ
ɫɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɥɭɯɨɦɢɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢɧ
ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɬɚɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ
ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɫɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɤɚɤɤɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɬɚɤɢɤɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɪɟɱɢª
>ɋ@Ɋɚɧɧɢɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɛɳɟɦɭɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɪɟɱɢɧɨɢɨɬ
ɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɸɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ>@
Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɞɟɬɟɣɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɥɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ
ɦɨɠɟɬɜɵɭɱɢɬɶɡɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɢɧɚɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɢɦɟɸɬɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɤɭɫ
ɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɸɨɤɨɥɨɩɨɥɧɵɯɧɨɜɵɯɫɥɨɜɜɦɟɫɹɰ
ɤɨɝɞɚɠɟɦɚɥɵɲɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɪɚɡɭɞɜɚɹɡɵɤɚɨɧɦɨɠɟɬ
ȼɚɠɧɨɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶɱɬɨɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɥɢɲɶɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɨɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɬɶɫɹɇɨɟɫɥɢɪɟɛɟɧɨɤɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɯɨɬɹɛɵɨɞɧɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɫɜɨɢɯɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɬɨɨɧɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɦ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɨɜɧɚɫɜɨɟɦɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɜɦɟɫɹɰɢɡɭɱɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɥɨɜɧɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɟɛɟɧɨɤɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɡɧɚɟɬɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɫɥɨɜɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɱɟɦɞɪɭɝɢɟɞɟɬɢɤɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɨɦɭɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭɉɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɚɤɰɟɧɬɚɂɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɹɡɵɤɫɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɞɟɬɢɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɝɨɞɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɨɫɨɛɵɣɚɤɰɟɧɬɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɱɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɧɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɭɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸɢɥɢ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɹɡɵɤɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ>ɋ@ȼɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣɠɟ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɡɜɭɤɨɜɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɥɢ
ɹɬɶɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɜɭɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɪɟɱɶɪɟɛɟɧɤɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨɣɢɱɟɬɤɨɣɚɞɢɤɰɢɹɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɥɭɱɲɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɭȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɶ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɢɞɢɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɪɟɱɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɥɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢɜɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɨɣɧɟɜɨɡ
ɧɢɤɚɟɬɬɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹɨɛɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɚɜɵ
ɫɨɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɈɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɷɬɨɬɟɦɱɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢɪɚɦɤɚɦɢɚɟɝɨɩɚɦɹɬɶɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɇɟɥɢɲɟɧɨɪɚɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɟɪɧɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɢɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɢɥɢɞɚɠɟɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ
ɦɚɫɫɭɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɤɚɤɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɛɟɫɩɨ
ɥɟɡɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɳɟɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɟɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɟɦɤɢɯɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɨɦ
ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɧɚɞɟ
ɬɟɣɫɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ
ɫɬɟɣɜɵɲɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɱɚɳɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɗɉɢɥɍɅɚɦɛɟɪɬ
ɗȻɹɥɵɫɬɨɤȾɠɄɚɦɦɢɧɫɄɏɚɤɭɬɚɗȽɚɪɫɢɹ
ɌȼɑɟɪɧɢɝɨɜɫɤɚɹɈȼɄɪɭɱɢɧɢɧɚȻȾɪɚɝɚɧɫɤɢɣ
Ɂɚɛɟɝɚɹɜɩɟɪɟɞɨɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɜɫɟɢɡɞɟɪɠ
ɤɢɜɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɟɧɷɬɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɯɨɬɹɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɪɚ
ȿɝɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɥɸɞɟɣɫɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɦɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɦɦɨɠɟɬɥɟɠɚɬɶɜɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɋɗɥɦɟɪɢɦɧɨɝɢɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦɨɦɫɦɨɬɪɹɬ
ɧɚɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ
©Ɍɟɨɪɢɹɫɜɟɪɯɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢª RYHUFRPSHQVDWLRQ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɪɟɛɟɧ
ɤɚɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɞɜɚɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɜɪɨɠ
ɞɟɧɧɵɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɫɬɪɟɫɫɜɟɞɟɬɤɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ
ɫɬɟɣɢɞɚɠɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜɦɨɡɝɟ>@Ɋɟɱɟɜɚɹɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɞɚɠɟ
ɜɨɛɵɱɧɵɯɨɞɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɦɨɡɝɚɱɟɦɭɦɨɧɨ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɩɪɢɱɟɦɷɬɢɡɨɧɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɄɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɗɗȽɦɨɧɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɩɨɤɚɡɵ
ɜɚɟɬɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɤɚɤɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɢɭɦ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɫɬɢɯɨɜ©ɩɨɱɬɢɢɫɤɥɸ
ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɢɫɨɱɧɵɯɨɬɞɟɥɨɜɥɟɜɨɝɨɢɜɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹªȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɧɢɯ
ɭɪɭɫɫɤɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɱɢɫɥɨɤɨɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɡɨɧɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯɜɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɶɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɲɟ©ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶɜɱɚɫɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɥɟɜɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɥɨɛɧɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɢɡɨɧɚɌɊɈ ɝɪɚ
ɧɢɰɚɬɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɜɢɫɨɱɧɨɣɢɡɚɬɵɥɨɱɧɵɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɥɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ
ɩɨɱɬɢɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɥɨɦɟɫɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢɬɟɫɬɨɜɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɧɨɢɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟª>@Ɍȼɑɟɪɧɢɝɨɜɫɤɚɹ>@ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨ
ɦɨɡɝɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɜɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜ©ɩɨɥɵɯɚɟɬªɜɨɜɪɟ
ɦɹɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚɩɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɪɟɫ
ɫɨɪɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɪɚɛɨɬɚ©ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹɤɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣɷɬɨ
ɨɱɟɧɶɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɞɨɜª
ȼɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɚɹ©ɬɟɨɪɢɹɩɨɪɨɝɚª WKUHVKROG ȾɠɄɚɦɦɢɧɫɚɝɢɩɨɫɬɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɱɬɨɤɚɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɪɟ
ɛɟɧɨɤɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɬɩɨɪɨɝɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ/ɢ/ɨɧ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɦɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬɤɚɤɜɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɬɚɤ
ɢɜɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢȼɵɯɨɞɧɚɫɜɟɪɯ
ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ VXSUDOLPLQDO ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɞɜɭɦɹ
ɢɥɢɛɨɥɟɟɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɭɥɭɱ
ɲɚɟɬɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɪɟɱɢɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɛɟɡɤɚ
ɤɨɣɥɢɛɨɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɂɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹȾɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹ
ɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɱɬɟɧɢɹ>@
Ʉɨɧɬɪɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɨɛɟɢɯɬɟɨɪɢɣɦɨɠɟɬɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɫɜɟɪɯɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɪɚɧɧɟɦɞɜɭ
ɹɡɵɱɢɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɨɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ
ɞɚɥɟɤɨɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɚɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɬɚɤ
ɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɱɬɨɱɚɫɬɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɭɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ
ɫɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɤɹɡɵɤɚɦ
Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɦɟɠ
ɞɭɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɨɫɬɢɱɶɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ²ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚ
ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɚɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɨɢ
ɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɞɜɭɫɦɵɫ
ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɚɧɚɦɧɟɡɚɌɨɱɬɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɵɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɜɨɢɯɨɞɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɦɨ
ɠɟɬɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶɫɹɮɚɤɬɨɦɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɨɦɨɠɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɛɵɬɶɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɨɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɚɦɵɟɭɦɧɵɟɞɟɬɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɛɚ
ɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢ>ɋ@Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɟɧɢɨɫ
ɧɨɜɧɨɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɧɚɨɞɧɨɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɢɥɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɟɜɪɨɥɨɝɢɢɞɚɸɬɧɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɟɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɨɩɵɬɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɦɨɡɝɟɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɩɨɜɵ
ɲɟɧɢɟɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɟɪɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɛɟɥɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ>@Ɍɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɨɡɝɚ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɥɸɛɵɦɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɦɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɜɧɚɭɤɟɢɥɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɨɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɨɠɟɬɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɜɫɸɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɜɥɢ
ɹɧɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹɫɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢɨɪɹɞɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɬɚɤɢɯɤɚɤɝɢɛ
ɤɨɫɬɶɢɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɜɪɟɲɟɧɢɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɡɚ
ɞɚɱɤɨɝɞɚɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɣ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɟɫɥɢɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɨɣɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɝɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɩɟɪ
ɜɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ>@ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɨɥɟɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɭɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɧɚɨɫ
ɧɨɜɟ©ɫɢɧɟɪɝɢɢªɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɜɪɚɡ
ɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ>@ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɤɫɢɦ
ɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɜɢɞɟɧɢɸɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɜɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ>@ɦɟɬɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ>@ɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ȿɫɥɢɜɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɛɨɥɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɭɱɟɧɵɯɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɡɞɪɚɜɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟɮɚɤɬɨɜɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɧɟɜɩɨɥɧɟ
ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɬɨɜɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɷɧ
ɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɵɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɬɟɦɢ
ɤɬɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɷɬɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɄɩɟɪɜɵɦɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɥɥɢ
ɝɟɧɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯɥɢɛɨɜɫɪɟɞɟ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɚɬɭɸɬɡɚɧɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɄɨɜɬɨɪɵɦɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵɫɨɨɬɧɨ
ɫɹɳɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɫɷɬɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɦ
ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɦɈɧɢɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɱɬɨɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɝɞɟɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɪɭɩɩɧɟɭɞɟ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɩɨɥɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɢɥɢɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɬɟɫɢ
ɬɭɚɰɢɸɤɨɝɞɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɢɥɢɧɟɞɨ
ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɢɦɟɟɬɦɟɫɬɨ
ɟɝɨɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɢɥɢɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɟɭɳɟɪɛɧɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɢɦ ɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɟɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
>@Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɢɷɬɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ©ɱɚɫɬɢɱ
ɧɨɣªɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɨɝɞɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ
ɧɟɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɞɟɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɚɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɌɟɨɪɢɹɫɟɦɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɥɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣȺɦɟɪɢɤɢȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ
ɢɇɨɜɨɣɁɟɥɚɧɞɢɢɧɚɪɨɞɨɜȺɮɪɢɤɢɢȺɡɢɢɦɚɥɵɯ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ
ɋɥɚɛɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɛɵɜɲɢɯɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɣ
ɫɬɚɜɲɢɦɢɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɜɥɚ
ɞɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɫɬɢɥɹɦɢɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɦɢ©ɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɯªɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɥɟɭɬɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɞɟɧɟɯɢɧɞɢɭɪɞɭɫɭ
ɚɯɢɥɢɫɚɚɦɢ ɗɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɭɸɩɨɥɭɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɛɵɜɲɢɯɤɨ
ɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɢɯɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟɦɚɫɫɵɛɵɜɲɢɯɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɪɨ
ɞɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɢɞɟɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɦɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢɢɥɢɬɪɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢɁɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ
ɨɧɢɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɝɨɜɨɪɹɭɠɟɨɜɵɫɲɟɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɢɦɟɸɬ
ɧɢɡɤɨɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɍɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɤɨ
ɪɟɧɧɵɯɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣȺɦɟɪɢɤɢɢȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ
ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɢɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɧɢɡɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɠɢɡɧɢɨɧɢɠɢ
ɜɭɬɧɚɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɩɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸɢɥɢ
ɜɟɞɭɬɚɧɬɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɠɢɡɧɢ
ȼɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɠɢɬɟɥɢɛɵɜɲɟɣɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɬɪɚɧ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɤɪɭɝɚª
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹɦɨɧɨɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢ
ɱɶɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɜɬɨɪɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɨɨɛ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɳɟɦɭɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɸɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦɫɥɚɛɵɦɫɪɟɞɢ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɢɦɟɸɬɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟɦɟɫɬɚɢɛɨɝɚɬɵɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ
Ȼɨɥɟɟɬɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɢɣɦɢɪɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɤɚɤɬɚ
ɤɨɜɵɦɧɨɥɢɲɶɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɭɦɟɧɢɟɦɢɥɢɧɚɜɵɤɨɦ
ɧɚɪɚɜɧɟɫɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɤɭɫ
ɫɬɜɨɦɢɥɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣȺɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵɧɟɫɩɟɲɚɬɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɤɨɥɢ
ɱɟɫɬɜɨɱɚɫɨɜɧɚɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣɢɜɬɨɪɨɣɹɡɵɤ ɢɬɟɦ
ɛɨɥɟɟɧɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɜɫɟɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɨɧɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɵɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɭɫɢɥɢɹɫɜɨɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɟ
ɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ"
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ©ɫɬɪɚɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɫɜɨɢɦɨɞ
ɧɨɹɡɵɱɢɟɦɢɧɬɪɢɝɭɸɳɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɟɛɹ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯɪɟ
ɲɚɬɶɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɩɨɜɫɟɦɭɦɢɪɭª
>@ɇɨɤɚɤɨɣɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɯɨɞɢɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ
ɫɬɪɚɧ²ɛɵɜɲɢɯɤɨɥɨɧɢɣɝɞɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ"ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɤɚɤɜɵɯɨɞɡɞɟɫɶ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɚɜɬɨɯɬɨɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɚɯ²ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɭɤɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ²
ɚ©ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɜɧɨɟªɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɧɚɷɬɚɩɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɢɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȺɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɦɟɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ
ɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɢɢɫɬɢɥɢɧɚɭɤɢɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɤɢɧɨɢɞɪɯɭ
ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɮɟɪ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɢɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟ
ɧɢɹɜɤɚɪɶɟɪɟɞɥɹɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
©ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɩɨ
ɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹªɜɟɞɭɳɚɹɤɡɚɛɵɜɚɧɢɸɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɦɨɧɨɹɡɵɱɢɸɌɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɚɥɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɝɨɣɞɟɥɶ
ɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚȻɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɫɤɚ
ɠɟɦɨɬɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɧɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɜɋɋɋɊɢɥɢɨɬɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨɢɜɪɢ
ɬɚɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɚɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ
ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶɧɨɫɹɬɧɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɵɣɢɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
Ɉɧɢɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɟɦɨɝɨɢɦɢɜɪɟɞɚɹɡɵɤɚɦɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɱɢɫɥɚɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɫɬɢɥɟɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫ©ɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɦɢªɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨɡɚɩɚɫɚ>LELG@
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɧɚɭɤɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɷɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɭɸɳɟɟɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɜɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɹɡɵɤɨɜɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɣɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɪɚɬɭɸɳɢɣ
ɡɚɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɜɵɧɭɠ
ɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɜɢɞɟɩɨ
ɥɭɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɊɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɵɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɞɥɹɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɚɜɜɫɟɯɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɜɬɨɣɢɥɢ
ɢɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚ
ɰɢɢɊɎɢɥɥɢɩɫɨɧɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɹɢɞɟɢɗɣɧɚɪɚɏɚɭɝɟɧɚ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚ²ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ²ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨ
ɝɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɱɬɨɛɵɬɨɱɧɨ
ɩɨɧɹɬɶɤɚɤɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɇɚɞɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɨɞɧɚɤɨɱɬɨɷɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɨɬɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɧɱɟɬɱɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ
ɬɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ©ɷɤɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢªɱɟɦɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ©ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱ
ɧɨɣªɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɈɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɟɝɨ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɷɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɋɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɨɧɩɨɪɢɰɚɟɬɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ ©ɩɨɥɭɹɡɵ
ɱɢɟª ɤɨɝɞɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɢɦɭɥɶɬɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜȿɜɪɨɩɵ
ȺɡɢɢȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢɨɛɟɢɯȺɦɟɪɢɤɡɧɚɟɬɨɛɚɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɛɟɞɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɢɥɢɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹ
ɫɚɬɬɪɢɰɢɟɣɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɱɚɳɟ²ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɡɚ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɛɨɬɵɨɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɟɩɪɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɬɪɟɫɫɚɯɧɚɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɶɸɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɷɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɤɨɝɞɚɛɨɥɟɟɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟª
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵɱɬɨɨɛɟɞɧɹɟɬɪɨɞɧɨɣɹɡɵɤ
ɞɟɥɚɹɟɝɨɧɟɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɵɦɢɦɟɧɟɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɦɵɦ
ɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬɫɹɢɩɨɥɶɡɚɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɫɟɦɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ ɢɩɨɥɶɡɚɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɞɨ
ɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟª
ɫɮɟɪɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɫɮɟɪɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɢɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɢɟɢɯɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɂɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɚɢɞɟɹɥɟɠɚɥɚ
ɜɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɋɋɋɊɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɦɚ
ɥɵɟɧɚɪɨɞɵɜɫɮɟɪɚɯɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɪɟɫɫɵȾɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɣɷɬɚɩ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɣɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɤɨɝ
ɞɚɜɦɥɚɞɲɢɯɤɥɚɫɫɚɯɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɚɜɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ²ɪɹɞɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɧɟɦ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɹɡɵɤɨɦɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɦ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɨɦ ɉɨɩɵɬɤɚɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯª
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɯɨɬɹɛɵɢɧɟɜɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɫɶɦɚɜɚɠɧɨɣɌɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ©ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ
ɢɡɡɨɥªɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɚɥɨɝɨɦɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɛɨɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨɥɶ
ɤɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɧɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɜɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ
ɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɟɯɟɝɨɫɬɢɥɟɣɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜɜɟɞɟɬɤɩɨɬɟɪɟ
ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɚɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɸɢɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɫɱɟɬɟɤɩɨɥ
ɧɨɣɭɬɪɚɬɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɋɥɟɞɭɹɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɭɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɡɹɥɢɧɚɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦɧɨ
ɝɢɟɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɵɟɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣɫɨɸɡɊɚɞɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɧɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɫɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɢɥɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɟɜɟɳɚɧɢɟɢɢɡ
ɞɚɧɢɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɧɚɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɑɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɤɚɤOLQJXD
IUDQFDɬɨɫɧɚɲɟɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɷɤ
ɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɨɝɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ
ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɭɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɭɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɸ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɚɧɝɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɵɣɤɪɟɧȿɫɥɢɜɪɚɧɧɸɸ
ɩɨɫɬɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɷɩɨɯɭɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣɛɵɥɚɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫ
ɫɢɹ²ɢɡɛɪɚɧɢɟɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɞɥɹɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɰɢɢɦɚɠɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɫɭɚɯɢɥɢɯɢɧɞɢ ɬɨɩɪɢɦɟɬɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ
ɷɩɨɯɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɦɚɫɬɚɥɚɷɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɢɹ²ɢɡɛɪɚɧɢɟ
ɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧɤɚɢɨɮɢɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟªɫɮɟɪɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɚɯȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɷɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɨɝɨɬɪɟɯɴ
ɹɡɵɱɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɜɡɹɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭɂɧɞɢɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɬɪɟɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜ
ɹɡɵɤɚɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɯɢɧɞɢɨɛɫɥɭ
ɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɵɫɲɟɣɲɤɨɥɵɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ
ɷɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɛɵɥɚɩɨɞɯɜɚɱɟɧɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢɧɚ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɦɟɥɢɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɧɚɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɦɢɧɚɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɤɚɤ©ɩɨɞɤɨɩɢɪɤɭªɜɧɟɞɪɹɸɳɢ
ɦɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɫɮɟɪɚɯɧɚɭɤɢɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɢɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɌɚɤɨɝɨɠɟ
ɪɨɞɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɫɬɫɤɨɣɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɫɤɢɪɢɥ
ɥɢɰɵɧɚɥɚɬɢɧɢɰɭ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɹɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɚɧɝɥɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɢɢɬɪɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡ
ɦɚɧɟɥɶɡɹɧɟɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹɨɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢ
ɡɚɰɢɢɫɮɟɪɧɚɭɤɢɢɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɨɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɦɜɥɢɹɧɢɢɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɧɚɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɭɢɛɵɬɧɚɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɢɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵɧɚɫɚɦɨɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɫɬɪɚɧ²ɛɵɜɲɢɯ
ɤɨɥɨɧɢɣɢɫɬɪɚɧ²ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹ
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɝɞɟɜɬɨɪɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧɤɚªɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɫɹɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɦɞɥɹɦɢ
ɪɨɜɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɌɚɤɜɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ
ȿȻȽɪɢɲɚɟɜɨɣ>@ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹɡɚɨɛɪɚɡɟɰɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ ɢɩɪɨɱɢɯɛɵɜɲɢɯɛɪɢ
ɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɤɨɥɨɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵɨɡɚ
ɛɨɬɢɥɢɫɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɜɡɹɥɢɫɶ©ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɚɬɶªɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢɫɪɟɞɢɭɰɟɥɟɜɲɢɯɧɨɫɢ
ɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɞɨɦɢ
ɧɢɪɭɸɳɭɸɪɨɥɶɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯª
ɫɮɟɪɚɯɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɩɥɨ
ɞɵɷɬɢɯɭɫɢɥɢɣɛɵɥɢɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɫɤɪɨɦɧɵɦɢɩɨ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɥɸɞɟɣɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯɜɵɫɲɟɟɢɞɚɠɟɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢɇɨɜɨɣɁɟɥɚɧɞɢɢɄɚɧɚɞɵɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨ
ɦɚɥɨɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɟɫɶɦɚɧɢɡɨɤɚɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɬɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɬɥɢɛɨɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɡɚɱɚɬɨɱɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɷɬɨɬɨɩɵɬɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɤɨ
ɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬ ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɭ ɪɫɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɪɟɫɫɵɬɟɚɬɪɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɜɋɋɋɊɞɥɹɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɦɚɥɨɭɫɩɟɲɟɧ
ɂɦɟɧɧɨɜɋɋɋɊɛɵɥɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɚɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɧɚɢɛɨ
ɥɟɟɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɚɹɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱ
ɧɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ²ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɜɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɯ
ɢɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ²ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚɢɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜ
Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɹɨɛɳɟɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɡɚɦɟɬɢɦ
ɱɬɨɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɥɢ
ɷɬɧɢɱɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ ɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɟɧɂɡɷɬɨɝɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɚɠɧɵɣɜɵɜɨɞɤɚɤɛɵ
ɧɢɛɵɥɢɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɪɟɫɫɞɥɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɧɟɨɛɯɨ
ɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɞɜɚɢɥɢɬɪɢɹɡɵɤɚɜɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱ
ɧɨɦɢɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɫɷɬɢɦɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ
ɫɦɢɪɢɬɶɫɹɤɚɤɫɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɞɥɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɬɚɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɟɝɨɝɨ
ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɞɨɱɬɨɛɵɬɚɤɨɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɛɵɥɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɦɱɬɨɛɵɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɟ
ɹɡɵɤɢɬɟɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɧɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɥɢɫɨɬɧɢɥɟɬ
ɗɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ ɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɩɪɟɬɟɧ
ɞɭɸɳɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɥɶɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɥɢɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɨɮɢɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɭɤɢɢɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɌɚɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɤɨɞɨɦɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɗɋɟɩɢɪɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɤɚɤ©ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɜɫɩɨ
ɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤª LQWHUQDWLRQDODX[LOLDU\ODQJXDJH
,$/ ɢɩɪɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢɟɦɭɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨ
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɢɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɯ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɤɪɭɝɚªɗɬɨɬɹɡɵɤ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɩɪɢ
ɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɬɪɚɠɚ
ɸɳɢɯɜɚɠɧɭɸɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɭɬɪɚɞɢ
ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹɇɟɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɬɶɛɪɟɧɞɢɧɝɚɪɟɚɥɢɣɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɣ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɝɨɤɪɭɝɚªɫɭɝɝɟɫɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɮɚɫɰɢɧɚɰɢɸ©ɨɲɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɟªɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɟɣɢɩɪɨɱ>@ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɫɹɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɹɡɵɤɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤ©ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ
ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤªɩɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɞɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯɨɬɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɫɤɨɝɨɲɥɟɣɮɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
Ɉɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɝɢɛɤɢɦɤɨɞɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɧɨɧɢɤɚɤɧɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɚɤɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ
ɜɞɭɯɟɱɭɠɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɚɤɛɚɡɨɜɨɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɩɨɧɚɲɟɦɭɦɧɟɧɢɸɞɨɥɠɧɨɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɞɥɹɦɟɠ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɧɭ
ɬɪɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɗɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɣɠɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɢɦɟɠɝɨɫɭ
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɤɨɝɞɚɩɨɨɛɳɟɦɭɫɨ
ɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɸɧɟɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɜɢɞɟɥɢɧɝɜɚ
ɮɪɚɧɤɚɥɢɛɨɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɤɨɞɚɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²ɨɬɥɢɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɱɟɪɬɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭ
ɸɳɟɣɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɹɡɵɤɢɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɥɭɠɚɬɞɥɹɞɪɭɝɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɢɝɨɬɨɜɵɯɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɞɥɹɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɫɶ
ɦɟɧɧɵɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɊɈəɤɨɛɫɨɧɭɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɞɥɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɜ
ɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɚɡɚɬɟɦ²ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɋɨɸɡɚ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɨɜɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɢɯɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɢɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɷɬɢɯɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɯɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɢɧɨɝɞɚɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɎɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜ²ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɜɫɬɚ
ɬɭɫɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨɜɨɜɫɟɯ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɚɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ
ɧɵɦɑɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɨɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɚɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟ²ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɧɭɠɧɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɤɚɤɞɨɥɠɧɨɟ
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹɧɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɟɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚ
ɰɢɹɜɊɄɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚ
ɡɢɟɦɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢ
ɟɦɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɟɞɢɧɨɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɞɜɭɯɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɨɳɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɎɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ
ɟɝɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹɢɦɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɫɢ
ɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɷɬɧɨɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɬɨɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɟɣɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɫɥɚ
ɜɹɧɫɤɢɯɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɄɨɪɟɧɧɨɟɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ²ɤɚɡɚɯɢɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɁɚɤɨɧɭ©Ɉɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧªɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɢɦɟɟɬɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɢɦɟ
ɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɧɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɭɤɢ²ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ
ɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɭɱɟɧɵɯɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɚɜɢɚɢɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɢɬɞ Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɩɨ
ɫɨɛɨɜɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɟɣ
ɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɬɧɨ
ɲɟɧɢɢɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɚ©Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟɜɩɪɨɮɟɫ
ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɜɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɚɡɧɚɱɢɬ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɢɦɟɟɬɪɹɞ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɗɬɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɪɢɟɧ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨª>@
ɋɪɟɞɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯɧɚɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɤɱɢɫɥɭɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɢɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɧɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɥɸɛɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɧɟɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɨɜɟɝɨɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɢɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟɣɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ
ɢɞɪɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɯɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɫɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɢɦɟɸɬɤɨɧ
ɤɪɟɬɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɧɢɯɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
Ʉɚɤɫɥɨɠɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɨɛɥɟ
ɦɚɦɢȾɥɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ
ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜɉɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɧ
ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɢɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ
ɢɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɥɹɰɢɣɜɯɨɞɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɞɨɜɩɪɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɦɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɤɨɞɨɜɵɦɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɢɦɢɧɭɫɵɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ²
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ȼɥɸɛɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɫɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɨɦɧɟɧɢɢɱɬɨɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɱɬɨɨɧɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɹɡɵɤɢɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɠɟɬɢɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɧɚɷɬɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɥɸɞɢ
ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɬɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɚɹɜɡɨɧɟɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɱɬɨɛɵɟɟɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɧɚɨɛɳɟɦɹɡɵɤɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɧɹɬɟɧɜɫɟɦ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɗɬɨɨɡ
ɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɞɥɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɢɥɢɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɹɡɵ
ɤɭɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹȼɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟɤɚɤ
ɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɝɞɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢ
ɨɩɨɪɚɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɤɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɥɢɲɶɜɫɩɨɦɨ
ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɋɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɫɢ
ɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɂɦɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɱɬɨ©ɫɥɨɜɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɫɟɬɜɫɟɛɟɷɧɟɪɝɢɸɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɠɢɜɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɚɫɥɨɜɨɱɭɠɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɬɚɤɨɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɧɟɢɦɟɟɬª>ɋ@ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɞɨɜɨɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɨɞɧɚɤɨɞɚɧɧɵɣɜɨɩɪɨɫɩɨɤɚ
ɫɥɚɛɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨɧɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɜɫɮɟɪɟɚɜɢɚɰɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɗɬɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɟɣɬɚɤɢɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ²ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣɦɧɨɝɨ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɫɮɟɪɟɚɜɢɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɡɚɧɢɦɢ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɚɞɟɤ
ɜɚɬɧɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣɦɵɫɥɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɢɥɹɩɨɡɜɨ
ɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɱɟɬɤɨɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɥɸɛɵɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɨɬ
ɤɪɵɬɢɹɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɵɫɬɭ
ɩɚɟɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɹɡɵɤɚɦɚɤɪɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚɫɜɹɡɵɜɚ
ɸɳɟɝɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɥɸɛɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɫɦɵɫɥɨɦɫɚɦɨɣɫɥɨɠɧɨɣɧɚɭɤɢ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɢɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɢɦɟɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɝɨɫɭ
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɭɡɤɢɦɤɪɭɝɨɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɗɬɨɨɛɴɹɫ
ɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢɧɚɭɱ
ɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɵɯɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɨɤɚɧɟɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɡɡɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɛɚɡɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦ
ɋɪɟɞɢɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɨɜɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ
ɫɮɟɪɚɦɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨɢɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɂɬɚɤɫɷɬɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɦɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɞɜɭɹɡɵ
ɱɢɟɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɞɥɹɧɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɜɧɚ
ɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ
ɜɫɪɟɞɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜȼɨɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɋɢɥɜɨɡ
ɞɭɲɧɨɣɨɛɨɪɨɧɵɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧȼɰɟɥɹɯ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɟ
ɬɟɧɰɢɢɛɭɞɭɳɢɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɭɱɟɛɧɭɸɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭɜɜɟɞɟɧɚɞɢɫ
ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ©ɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɪɟɱɢªɈɤɨɥɨ
ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚɦɢɧɚɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵəɡɵɤɨɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɨɧɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɥɚɞɟɬɶɜɬɚɤɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɱɬɨ
ɛɵɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɢɦɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɤɭɪɫɧɚɰɟɥɢɜɚɟɬɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɨɜɧɚɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɢɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢɤɚɤɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ
ȼɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɢɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɫɬɢɥɢɪɟɱɢɨɬɥɢ
ɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɬɚɤɢɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɤɚɤɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɶɄɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɫɪɟɞɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɱɧɨɟɭɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɧɨɢɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɨɛɳɢɯɧɨɪɦ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɪɟɱɢɍɦɟɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ²ɜɚɠɧɵɣ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɫɩɟɯɚɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɫɮɟɪɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɚɜɢɚɰɢɢɛɵɥɢɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɵɞɜɟ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ²ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵ
ɤɟ ɢɤɚɡɚɯɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɵ ɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɜȼɨɟɧɧɨɦɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟɋɢɥ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣɨɛɨɪɨɧɵȺɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɫɤɢɯɝɪɭɩɩɚɯɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ
ɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɥɟɬ ²ɝɝ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɂɡɨɛ
ɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ²ɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣ
ɢ²ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȼɚɧɤɟɬɚɯ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɨɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧ
ɬɚɯɩɨɥɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɝɨɪɨɞɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɹɡɵɤȼɚɧɤɟɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
©Ɂɚɱɟɦɜɵɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ"Ⱦɥɹɱɟɝɨɜɵ
ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ"ȼɵɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦ"Ʉɚɤȼɵɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɟȼɚɲɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ"Ʉɚɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɛɨɥɶɲɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɟ
ɜɛɵɬɨɜɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ"ȼɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ"
ɇɚɤɚɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɟɫɜɨɢɦɵɫɥɢ"ª
ɐɟɥɶɸɨɩɪɨɫɚɹɜɥɹɥɨɫɶɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɫɪɟɞɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɛɭɱɚɸ
ɳɢɯɫɹɜɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɜɭɡɟɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɉɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɢɡɨɛ
ɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɨɜɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɜɥɚɞɟɸɬɤɚ
ɡɚɯɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɢɡɧɢɯɞɥɹɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɨɞɧɵɦɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤɨɧɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɄɭɪɫɚɧɬɵ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɜɨɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɫɨɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɭ²
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ²ɧɢɡɤɨɦɭ²ɂɡɨɛɳɟ
ɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɜɛɵɬɨɜɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɤɚɡɚɯ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ² ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²ɨɛɚɹɡɵ
ɤɚ²ȼɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ ɢɡɨɛɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚ ² ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤ²ɨɛɚɹɡɵɤɚ²ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɢɡɥɚɝɚɸɬ
ɫɜɨɢɦɵɫɥɢɧɚɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ² ɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟ²ɧɚɨɛɨɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯ²Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɤɚɤɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɬɚɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣɪɟɱɢ
ɂɡɨɛɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɨɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɯɨɤɨɥɨ
ɧɟɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɜɬɨɪɵɦɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɜɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɟ
ɞɨɥɹɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɯɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɤɚɤɪɨɞɧɵɦɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɨɫɬɪɨɝɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɨɜɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɛɨɪɞɢ
ɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɢ
ɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ²ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟ
ɱɢɫɬɵɣɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɂɡɡɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɡɧɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɦɧɨɝɢɟɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɞɥɹɤɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɧɟɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɨɞɧɵɦɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦɱɬɨɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣɫɮɟɪɟɤɨɦ
ɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɢɞɟɚɥɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɢɦɟɧ
ɧɨɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɨɛɳɟɦɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɟɧɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɢɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²ɢɞɟɚɥ
ɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹɄɚɤɦɵɦɨɠɟɦ
ɜɢɞɟɬɶɢɡɰɢɮɪɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɩɪɨɫɚɨɛɴɟɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɫɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɧɚɷɬɚɩɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɟɪɟ
ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚ ɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɚɹȼɰɟɥɨɦɨɛɨɢɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ
ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬɜɛɨɥɟɟɢɥɢɦɟɧɟɟɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨɣɫɬɟɩɟ
ɧɢɄɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɵɲɟɜɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ²ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟ
ɧɢɢɚɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɜɵɲɟ
ɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ²
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɜɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɇɚɥɢɰɨ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɤɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɢɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ
ɧɨɦɭɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɜɟɫɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
ɜɚɟɦɨɣɫɮɟɪɟɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɯɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹ
ɬɢɣɩɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɢɟɜɵɜɨɞɵ
Ȼɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
ɧɨɦɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɢɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɥɸɱɟȼɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɚɯɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ²ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
Ⱥɀɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɛɵɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɛɵɥɢɫ
ɤɨɧɧɵɦɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɦ
ɇɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɹɡɵɤɢɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɦɚɠɨɪɢɬɚɪ
ɧɨɫɬɢɚɜɬɨɯɬɨɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢȼɚɠɧɨɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɦɟɪɵɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɧɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɨɬ
ɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
Ⱦɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɜɚɠɧɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɧɚɭɤɢɧɚɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɜɨɛɴɟɦɟɢɩɨɦɟɪɟɢɯɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ȼɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɤɨɝɞɚɹɡɵɤɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ
ɫɬɜɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɱɬɨɛɵɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ©ɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɟªɫɮɟɪɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɰɟɥɟɫɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɛɪɚɬɶɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɷɬɚɩɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɢɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢɢɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɧɚɭɱɧɨ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɋɬɚɬɭɫ
ɢɜɟɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɦɨ
ɠɟɬɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɢɩɥɚɜɧɨɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ²ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɢɜɟɫɚɬɢ
ɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɚɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɞɜɭɹɡɵ
ɱɢɟ²ɷɬɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ
ɧɨɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɮɚɤɬɨɦɱɟɝɨɧɟɫɱɢ
ɬɚɬɶɫɹɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨȻɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɫɜɹɡɚɧ
ɫɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɬɞ ɗɬɨɦɧɨɝɨ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɫɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵ
ɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ȼɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ
ɹɡɵɤɢɧɚɭɤɢɢɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɬɟɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɵɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɚɦɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɝɨ
ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɦɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɷɬɨɹɡɵɤ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɬɨɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɨɛɟ
ɫɩɟɱɟɧɨɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɫɧɢɦɹɡɵɤɚ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɂɞɟɚɥɨɦɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹɜɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɦɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɜ
ɧɵɣɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɢɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦ
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ
Ⱦɥɹɜɵɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ©ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨªɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɥɚ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɭɠɧɨɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɡɦɚɧɚɩɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
Ʉɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ²ɤɭɪɫɚɧɬɨɜɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɭɡɚ
ɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɜɫɪɟɞɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɨɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɜɧɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɷɬɚɩɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɄɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɚ
ɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɜɵɲɟɜɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɚɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ²ɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɚ
ɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɤɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɢɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦɭɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɜɟɫɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɸɩɨɜɚɅɅəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɅɅȺɸɩɨɜɚ²ɍɮɚɂɡɞɜɨ
ȼɗȽɍ²ɫ
ȻɚɥɹɫɧɢɤɨɜɚɈȼəɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɈȼȻɚɥɹɫɧɢɤɨɜɚɇȼɍɮɢɦɰɟɜɚ
ȽȺɑɟɪɤɚɫɨɜɚɇɉɑɭɥɤɢɧɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɞɪɭɠɛɵɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɋɟɪɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɤɚ²²Ɍʋ²ɋ²
ȻɨɟɜɚɈɦɟɥɟɱɤɨɇȻɄɪɚɬɤɢɣɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɇȻȻɨɟɜɚ
Ɉɦɟɥɟɱɤɨ²ɆȽɨɬɢɤɚ²ɫ
ȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚȿɂɄɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɹɎɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟȽɨɥɨɜɚɧɨ
ɜɚȿɂɋɬɚɬɭɫɜɹɡɵɤɟ²Ɇɗɥɩɢɫ²ɫ
ȽɨɥɨɜɢɧȻɇȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɟȻɇȽɨɥɨɜɢɧ²Ɇȼɵɫɲɚɹɲɤɨɥɚ²ɫ
ȽɪɢɲɚɟɜɚȿȻɌɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɦɭɥɶ
ɬɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɇɚɭɤȿȻȽɪɢ
ɲɚɟɜɚ²Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣɞɢɝɥɨɫɫɢɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ȾɟɲɟɪɢɟɜɘȾɉɪɨɬɱɟɧɤɨɂɎɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɢɹ
ɘȾȾɟɲɟɪɢɟɜɂɎɉɪɨɬɱɟɧɤɨɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɢɹ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɋ²
ȾɢɚɧɨɜɚɅɉɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜȺɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ
ɅɉȾɢɚɧɨɜɚ²Ɇ
ȾɪɨɛɵɲɟɜɚɇɅɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɇɅȾɪɨɛɵɲɟɜɚɋɬɪɚɬɢ
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɩɹɬɨɣɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ²ɋɉɛ²ɋ²
ɄɪɭɱɢɧɢɧɚɈȼȽɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧɚȿɂɄɚɰȿɗɒɟɩɨɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜȺɇɈɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɯɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɚɈȼɄɪɭɱɢɧɢɧɚȿɂȽɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧɚȿɗɄɚɰ
ȺɇɒɟɩɨɜɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɎɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ²²Ɍʋ²ɋ²
ɅɟɜɢɧɚɊȿɈɫɧɨɜɵɬɟɨɪɢɢɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɢɊȿɅɟɜɢɧɚ²Ɇɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ²ɫ
ɆɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɚɹɇȻɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɉɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɜɭɡɨɜɢɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ
ɥɢɰɟɟɜɟɢɡɞɢɫɩɪɇȻɆɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ²ɆȺɫɩɟɤɬɉɪɟɫɫ²ɫ
Ɇɢɯɚɥɶɱɟɧɤɨȼɘ Ɉɬɜɪɟɞ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜȼɘɆɢɯɚɥɶɱɟɧɤɨ²Ɇ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɧɚɭɤɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤ²²ɫ
ɋɭɸɧɛɚɟɜɚȺɀəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɤɚɤɮɚɤɬɨɪɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɚɞɥɹɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɥɟɣ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ
ȻȻɄȿ
'2,
ȼȺɊɂȺɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖɂɋɂɇɈɇɂɆɂəȽɅȺȽɈɅɖɇɕɏ
ɎɊȺɁȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɋɅɈȼɈɋɈɑȿɌȺɇɂɃ
ȼɄȺɊȺɄȺɅɉȺɄɋɄɈɆəɁɕɄȿ
ɀɈɌɚɧɢɪɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ
ɄɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦȻɟɪɞɚɯɚɇɭɤɭɫɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɛɡɨɪɩɨɬɟɦɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹȺɜɬɨɪɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɩɨɨɛɳɟɦɭɢɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɌɚɤɠɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɜɨ
ɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɢɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɜɚɪɢ
ɚɧɬɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
Ɍɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤɨɱɟɧɶɛɨɝɚɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɫɟ
ɦɚɧɬɢɤɟɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɜɷɬɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ²ɩɨɥɢɫɟɦɢɹ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɢɹ²ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
əɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɜɫɟɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɨɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯɉɨɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɸȾɗɊɨɡɟɧɬɚɥɹɢɆȺɌɟɥɟɧɤɨɜɨɣɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
©ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɫɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦɤɨɦɩɨ
ɧɟɧɬɨɜɧɨɫɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟɦɠɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɢɨɞɢɧɚ
ɤɨɜɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɢɑɚɳɟ
ɜɫɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɝɥɚɝɨɥ
ɡɚɬɟɦɢɦɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɦɹɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɬɞª>ɋ@ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɤɚɤ
ɛɨɥɟɬɶɞɭɲɨɣ²ɛɨɥɟɬɶɫɟɪɞɰɟɦɛɵɬɶɧɚɫɟɞɶɦɨɦ
ɧɟɛɟ²ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɹɧɚɫɟɞɶɦɨɦɧɟɛɟɢɬɞ
ȼɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ²ɨɞɢɧɢɡɜɚɠɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɫɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɦɟɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɞɚɟɬɲɢɪɨɤɭɸɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɢɯɫɬɢɥɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ
ɨɬɞɪɭɝɢɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜȼɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɜɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɵɥɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɊɅɅɹɧɞɨ>@
ɘɘȺɜɚɥɢɚɧɢɅɂɊɨɣɡɟɧɡɨɧ>@ȺȼɄɭɧɢɧ
>@ɜɫɜɨɢɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼɬɸɪɤɨɥɨɝɢɢɬɚɤɠɟɛɵɥɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵɪɚɛɨ
ɬɵɩɨɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜȻɵɥɢɢɡ
ɭɱɟɧɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɜɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯɷɬɢɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɭɡɛɟɤ
ɫɤɨɦ²ɒɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜ>@ɢɋɇɆɭɪɚɬɨɜ
>@ɜɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦ²ɂɄɟɧɟɫɛɚɟɜɚ>@ɜɚɡɟɪ
ɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɦ²ȽȺȻɚɣɪɚɦɨɜ>@ɜɛɚɲɤɢɪ
ɫɤɨɦ²ɁȽɍɪɚɤɫɢɧ>@ȼɬɪɭɞɚɯɀȿɲɛɚɟɜɚ
>ɋ²@ɒȺɛɞɢɧɚɡɢɦɨɜɚ>ɋ²@
ȽȺɣɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɨɣ>ɋ²@Ȼɘɫɭɩɨɜɨɣ>
ɋ²@ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɢɜɢɞɵ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɭɬɟɦɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɢɡ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɨɞɢɧɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɪɭ
ɝɨɣɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɷɬɨɬɞɪɭɝɨɣɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɦɵɫɥɨɛ
ɪɚɡɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɪɜɨɦɭɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɭɢɟɝɨ
ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɫɛɥɢɡ
ɤɢɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ȼɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɜɭɯɜɢɞɚɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɈɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ
ɧɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɚɯɦɵɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɥɟɤ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɫɧɚɭɱ
ɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɞɚɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɢɯ
ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵ
ɦɢɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɵɦɢɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɢɥɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɀɈɌɚɧɢɪɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨ
ɜɵɦɢɩɨɫɦɵɫɥɭɢɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɛɟɬɢΙɵɡɚɪɵʆ ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɥɨɥɢɰɨ ɢɠΟɡɢΙɵɡɚɪɵʆ
ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɥɥɢɤ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɞɜɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɚɩɟɪɜɵɟɞɜɚ²
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦ©ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɥªɈɛɚɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɢɦɟɸɬɫɦɵɫɥ
©ɫɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟª
ȿɫɥɢɦɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɥɧɨɫɜɦɟɫɬɨɩɨ
ɤɪɚɫɧɟɥɨɥɢɰɨɢɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɥɥɢɤɬɨɦɵɭɜɢɞɢɦɱɬɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸɫɢɥɭɢɯɭɞɨɠɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɫɦɵɫɥɂɡɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɨɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞ
ɱɬɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɧɟɥɶɡɹɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɥɸɛɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɦɚɡɚɦɟɧɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɩɨɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɨɣ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ
Ʉɚɤɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶɜɵɲɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɵɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɜɞɜɭɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɜɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɢɜɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɁɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɩɢɫɚ
ɬɟɥɢɢɩɨɷɬɵɜɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢ
ɬɚɸɬɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɚɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶɢɯ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢɗɬɢɦɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɦɨɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɢɜɢɞɵ
Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɋɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ
ɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪԦɡɢ
ɢɥɚɠɫɵɡɞɚɧɫԛɣɪɟɬɢɥɢɩɡɨɪɞɚɧɠԛɪɝɟɧɩɚԕɵɪ
ɛɚԕɵɪɵʆԑɚɞɚɲɚɦɚɫɵɤɟɥɦɟɣɬɚʆɥɚɧɵɩɬɚʆɥɚɧɵɩ
ɠɚɧɛɟɪɢɩɬɢ Ȼɟɞɧɵɣɧɟɢɦɟɹɫɢɥɞɚɠɟɤɪɢ
ɱɚɬɶɤɪɭɬɹɫɶɢɤɪɭɬɹɫɶɫɤɨɧɱɚɥɫɹ ɒɋɟɢɬɨɜ ȿɧɞɢԛɤɟɥɟɪɢԙɞɢɟɪɬɢɩɟɥɞɢɬɚɩɆɚɦɚɧɛɢɣ
ɞɢɬɚɩԕɭɛɥɚԑɚԕɚɪɚɩɤɟɬɫɟԙɬɚɛɚɫɚԙ²ɞɟɞɢ
ɞɟɠɚɧɬɚɩɫɵɪɞɵ ©Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɜɨɡɶɦɢɫɜɨɢɯɛɪɚ
ɬɶɟɜɧɚɣɞɢɪɨɞɢɧɭɧɚɣɞɢɆɚɦɚɧɛɢɹɩɨɣɞɟɲɶ
ɧɚɘɝ²ɧɚɣɞɟɲɶª²ɫɤɚɡɚɥɷɬɢɫɥɨɜɚɢɭɦɟɪ ɌɄɚɣɩɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ Ɉɥɦɟɧɢԙԕɨɥɵɦɞɚɠɚɧ
ɬΩɫɥɢɦɟɬɬɢ Ɉɧɧɚɦɨɢɯɪɭɤɚɯɭɲɟɥɢɡɠɢɡɧɢ ɌɄɚɣɩɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɜɢɞɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ
ɩɨɫɬɢɥɸɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸɛɵɜɚɸɬɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɵɦɢ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɫɤɨɧɱɚɥɫɹɭɦɟɪɭɲɟɥɢɡɠɢɡ
ɧɢ²ɬɨɱɧɟɟɢɯɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɢɟɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɵ
Ɂɞɟɫɶɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵɛɥɚɝɨɞɚ
ɪɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɤɚɤɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɵɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɹɫɶɞɚɸɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɶ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
©Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɨɬɩɪɟɞɥɨ
ɠɟɧɢɣɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɇɢɤɚɤɨɟɩɪɟɞ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɧɟɞɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɬɨɬɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɩɨ
ɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɟɫɥɢɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹɢɫɦɵɫɥ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
Ⱥɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɯɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɫɦɵɫɥɨɛ
ɳɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹɧɟɬɟɪɹɟɬɫɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ
ɫɜɹɡɶª>ɋ@
ȼɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɧɟɜɫɟɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦɊɹɞɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɨɜɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɢɦɟɸɬɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɟɢɦɟɸɬɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɬΟɣɟΟɫɬɢɧɟɧɢɣɬΙɚɛɵʆ
ɚɥɚɠɢɩɬɢɤɟɫɢɫɢʆɤΫɡɢɧɟɲΫɩɫɚɥɵʆɛɟɥɢɧɟ
ɬɟɛɢʆɬɢɥɢɦɟɧɟɧɨɪɚΙɨɪɵʆɟɤɢɤΫɡɢɬΫɪɬɛɨɥɵʆ
ɬɭɥɵɩΙɚɦΫΝɢɪɟʆɬɟɦɢɪɞɟɧɬΟɣɢɧɬΟɣɢʆɢɬɞ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɩɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɩɭɬɟɦɡɚɦɟɧɵɫɥɨɜ
Ⱥ Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ
ɧɵɟɩɭɬɟɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɚɤɢɯɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ
ɫɥɨɜɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ²ɢɡɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱ
ɧɵɯɢɥɢɛɥɢɡɤɢɯɩɨɫɦɵɫɥɭɫɥɨɜɂɯɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɡɚ
ɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɬɟɧɤɚɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɬɢɥɟ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪΩɤɟɫɢɧɬɚɧɵɬɵʆ ɡɧɚ
ɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɨɬɰɨɦ ²ɚɬɚɫɵɧɬɚɧɵɬɵʆ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶ
ɫɞɟɞɭɲɤɨɣ ɝΩɩɤɟɚɪɚɥɚɫɵʆ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɪɚɡ
ɝɨɜɨɪɵ ²ɫΫɡɝɟɚɪɚɥɚɫɵʆ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɫɥɨɜɚ ɚɫɩɚɧΕɚɤΫɬɟɪɢʆ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɞɨɧɟɛɚ ɞɨɧɟɛɟɫ ²
ɬΫɛɟɝɟɤΫɬɟɪɢʆ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɧɚɜɟɪɲɢɧɭ ɧɚɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɚɫɵɧɚɤɢɪɢɩɲɵΙɩɚʆ ɧɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɝɨɥɨɜɭ ²
ɦɢɣɢɧɟɤɢɪɢɩɲɵΙɩɚʆ ɧɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɶɜɦɨɡɝ ɛɚɫɵɧ
ɚɥɵʆ ɫɧɹɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɭ ²ɝɟɥɥɟɫɢɧɚɥɵʆ ɫɧɹɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɟɬɢɧɞɟΙɚɧΙɚɥɦɚʆ ɜɥɢɰɟɧɟɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶɧɢɤɪɨɜɢɧ
ɤɢ ²ɠΟɡɢɧɞɟΙɚɧΙɚɥɦɚʆ ɧɟɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶɜɥɢɰɟɧɢ
ɤɪɨɜɢɧɤɢ ɛɟɬɢɧɟΙɚɧɠɭʆɵɪɵʆ ɪɚɡɪɭɦɹɧɢɥɨɫɶ
ɥɢɰɨ ²ɠΟɡɢɧɟΙɚɧɠɭʆɵɪɵʆ ɪɭɦɹɧɢɥɨɥɢɰɨ ɝΩɩɢɛɢɪɠɟɪɞɟɧɲɵΕɵʆ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ²
ɫΫɡɢɛɢɪɠɟɪɞɟɧɲɵΕɵʆ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɝΩɩɢ
ɚʆɵɪɛɚɬɵʆ ɡɚɞɟɬɶɫɥɨɜɨɦ ²ɫΫɡɢɚʆɵɪɛɚɬɵʆ
ɡɚɞɟɬɶɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɝΩɩɢɧɞɟɬɭɪɵʆ ɫɬɨɹɬɶɧɚɫɜɨɟɦ ²
ɫΫɡɢɧɞɟɬɭɪɵʆ ɫɬɨɹɬɶɧɚɫɜɨɟɦ ɝΩɩɢɧɟɟɪɢʆ ɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɡɚɫɥɨɜɨɦ ²ɫΫɡɢɧɟɟɪɢʆ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ȼɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɡɚɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɝΩɩɢΫɬɩɟʆ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨ ²
ɫΫɡɢΫɬɩɟʆ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨ ɝΩɩΙɚɣɬɚɪɵʆ
ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɧɚɡɚɞɫɥɨɜɨ ²ɫΫɡΙɚɣɬɚɪɵʆ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ
ɧɚɡɚɞɫɥɨɜɨ ɟɫɢɧɞɟΙɚɥɵʆ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ²ɹɞɵɧɞɚ
Ιɚɥɵʆ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɟɫɢɧɟɧɲɵΕɚɪɵʆ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ²
ɹɞɵɧɚɧɲɵΕɚɪɵʆ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɟɫɢɧɟɬΟɫɢʆ ɜɫɩɨɦ
ɧɢɬɶ ²ɹɞɵɧɚɬΟɫɢʆ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɢɬɞ
Ȼ Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɭɬɟɦɡɚɦɟɧɵɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɦɚɗɬɨɬɬɢɩɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɨɛ
ɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɭɬɟɦɡɚɦɟɧɵɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɧɚɫɥɨɜɚɛɥɢɡɤɢɟɩɨɫɦɵɫɥɭɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
Ωɠɢɣɧɟɫɢɬɵɪɵɫɵʆ ɬɭɬɵʆ ²ɡɥɢɬɶɫɹɚɛɵɪɚɣ
ɵɧɬΫɝɢʆ ɬΟɫɢɪɢʆ ²ɨɩɨɡɨɪɢɬɶɭɧɢɡɢɬɶɚɜɬɨ
ɪɢɬɟɬɚɛɵɪɚɣɵɧɠɨΕɚɥɬɵʆ ɠɨɣɬɵʆ ²ɩɨɬɟ
ɪɹɬɶɬɟɪɹɬɶɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɞɚɦɟɬɢʆ Ιɵɥɵʆ ²ɫɞɟ
ɥɚɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɚΙɵɥɚɣɬɵʆ ɛɟɪɢʆ ²ɞɚɬɶɫɨɜɟɬ
ɚΙɵɥɞɚɧɚɞɚɫɵʆ ɚɡɵʆ ²ɫɨɣɬɢɫɭɦɚɚΙɵɥɵɧ
ɠɵɣɵʆ ɠɵɣɧɚʆ ²ɩɪɢɣɬɢɜɫɟɛɹɚΝɵɤɟɬɢʆ
Ιɚɲɵʆɭɲɵʆ ²ɬɟɪɹɬɶɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɢɬɞ
ȼ ȼɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɦɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɡɚɦɟ
ɧɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚʆɡɵɧɚɧɫɢɥɟɤɟɣɢɚΕɵʆ ɫɭʆɵɚΕɵʆ ²
ɫɥɸɧɢɬɟɤɭɬɢɡɪɬɚɚʆɡɵɧɚɬɚΙɚɧɫɚɥΕɚɧɞɚɣ ɫΫɤ
ɫɚɥΕɚɧɞɚɣ ²ɤɚɤɛɭɞɬɨɜɪɨɬɧɚɛɪɚɥɜɨɞɵɛɚɫɵɧɚɧ
ɛɚɯɵɬΙɭɫɵɭɲɵʆ ɞΩʆɥɟɬΙɭɫɵɭɲɵʆ ²ɫɝɨɥɨɜɵ
ɭɥɟɬɟɥɚɩɬɢɰɚɫɱɚɫɬɶɹɢɬɞ
ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ
ɫɡɚɦɟɧɨɣɫɥɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɦɫɥɨɜɨɦɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɧɢɠɟ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɪɭɦɹɧɢɥɨɥɢɰɨ ɥɢɤ ɩɨɫɫɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ
ɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ȼɷɬɢɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɫɥɨɜɚ©ɥɢɰɨ²
ɥɢɤª©ɩɨɫɫɨɪɢɬɶ²ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶªɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɧɵɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɛɥɢɡɤɢɩɨɫɦɵɫɥɭ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɥɸɧɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɭɬɢɡɪɬɚɤɚɤɛɭɞɬɨɜɪɨɬ
ɜɨɞɵ ɫɥɸɧɟɣ ɧɚɛɪɚɥɢɬɞɁɞɟɫɶɫɥɨɜɚ©ɫɥɸɧɢª
ɢ©ɜɨɞɚªɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɛɥɢɡɤɨɞɪɭɝɤɞɪɭɝɭɢɨɛɪɚ
ɡɭɸɬɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɨɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɨɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥ
ɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɬɚɤɨɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɱɚɫɬɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɢɡɬɪɟɯ
ɢɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɆɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɫɨ
ɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɫɨɤɪɚ
ɳɟɧɧɵɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɛɟɡɭɫɬɚɥɢ ɚʆɡɵɬɵɧɵɦɬɚɩɩɚʆ²ɚʆɡɵ
ɬɵɧɛɚʆ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɫɜɨɸɜɢɧɭ ɚɣɵɛɵɧɦɨɣɧɵɧɚ
ɚɥɵʆ²ɚɣɵɛɵɧɦɨɣɧɥɚʆ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɧɟɛɨɱɟɬɵ
ɪɟɠɞɵ ɚɫɩɚɧɞɵɬΫɪɬɟɥɢɬΟɫɢɪɢʆ²ɚɫɩɚɧɞɵ
ɬΟɫɢɪɢʆ ɢɬɞ
ɂɧɨɝɞɚɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɫɨɫɬɨɹ
ɳɢɟɢɡɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɌɚɤɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ
ɛɵɥɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɵȽȺɣɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɨɣ>ɋ@
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȻɢɪɚɹΕɵɦɝΫɪɞɟɟɧɞɢɝɢɠɚԑɵɧɞɚɦɟɧ
ɤɢɦɝɟɤɟɪɟɤɩɟɧ" əɨɞɧɨɣɧɨɝɨɣɜɦɨɝɢɥɟɤɨɦɭ
ɹɧɭɠɟɧɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ" ɒɋɟɢɬɨɜ ȿɧɞɢɛɚɪɥɵԕ
ɡɢɥɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɝΫɪɞɟɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɠɟɪɞɟɬɭɪԑɚɧɭɫɵ
ԑɚɪɪɵɧɵԙɫɟɤɫɟɧɠɵɥɞɵԙɫɟɝɛɢɪɢɧɬɚɪɬԕɚɧ
ɟԙɫɟɫɢɧɟɦɢɧɢʆɢɤɟɪɟɤ ɇɚɞɨɫɟɫɬɶɧɚɲɟɸɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɬɚɪɢɤɚɨɞɧɨɣɧɨɝɨɣɜɦɨɝɢɥɟɞɪɭɝɨɣ²ɧɚɡɟɦ
ɥɟɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɒɋɟɢɬɨɜ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɜɩɟɪɜɨɦɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɝΫɪɞɟɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɠɟɪɞɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɨɝɨɣɜɦɨɝɢɥɟɞɪɭɝɨɣɧɚɡɟɦɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɩɢ
ɫɚɬɟɥɟɦɜɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ©ɨɞɧɨɣɧɨɝɨɣ
ɜɦɨɝɢɥɟªɜɨɜɬɨɪɨɦɠɟ²ɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ
ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɧɵɯɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɨɜɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶɜɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɧɟɧɚɯɨ
ɞɢɬɶɞɜɟɪɢɱɬɨɛɵɜɨɣɬɢɞɵɪɤɢɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɣɬɢ²
ɧɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɞɵɪɤɢɧɟɬɛɚɛɭɲɤɢɱɬɨɛɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ
©ɷɣªɧɟɬɯɨɞɠɢɱɬɨɛɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ©ɧɟɧɚɞɨª²ɯɨɞ
ɠɢɧɟɬɢɬɞ
Ɇɚɫɬɟɪɚɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɨɜɚɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɫɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɥɶɸ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɹɢɥɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɹɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɞɥɹɪɚɡɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɢɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɦɟɧɹɹɢɯɮɨɪɦɵ
Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɢɜɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɞɥɹ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɫɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɥɶɸ
Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ȼɬɨɪɵɦɜɢɞɨɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢ
ɚɧɬɵɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɟɟɞɢɧɨɟɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɧɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɗɬɨɬɜɢɞɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɜɢɯɧɚɬɚɤɢɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɤɚɤ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ>ɋ@
ȽɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɒɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ©Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɝɪɚɦ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢȽɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɚɤɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɡɚɦɟɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɦɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɭɞɚɥɟɧɢ
ɟɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɫɥɨɜȼɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹª>ɋ²@
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹɧɚɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɪɹɞ
ɤɚɫɥɨɜɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɥɢɬɶ
ɫɹ ɚɲɵʆΕɚɦɢɧɢʆ²ɦɢɧɞɢɚɲɵʆΕɚ ɭɦɟɪɟɬɶ
ɞΟɧɶɹɞɚɧΫɬɢʆ²ΫɬɬɢɞΟɧɶɹɞɚɧ ɛɵɬɶɝɪɟɲ
ɧɵɦ ɝΟɧɚΕɚɛɚɬɵʆ²ɛɚɬɬɵɝΟɧɚΕɚ ɫɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɫɥɨɜɨ ɚɣɬΙɚɧɵɧɚɧɲɵΕɵʆ²ɲɵΙɬɵɚɣɬΙɚɧɵɧɚɧ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɚɪɚɧɵɛɭɡɵʆ²ɛɭɡɞɵɚɪɚ
ɧɵ ɢɬɞ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ
ɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɯɫɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɫɬɪɟ
ɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɯ
ȼɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯɱɚɫɬɨɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ©ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɟª
ɢɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬȼɬɚɤɨɦɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɦɟɫɬɚ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɆɨɝɭɬɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɢɪɚɡɧɵɟɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɫɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵ
ɦɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɨ
ɜɵɟɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɢɠɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢ
ɨɧɧɵɦɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢɭɤɭɫɢɬɶɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɛɚɪɦɚΕɵɧ
ɬɢɫɥɟʆ ²ɭɤɭɫɢɥɩɚɥɶɰɵ ɬɢɫɥɟɞɢɛɚɪɦɚΕɵɧ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɛɪɚɬɨɦ ɚΕɚɛɨɥɵʆ ²ɹɜɢɥɫɹɛɪɚɬɨɦ
ɛɨɥɞɵɚΕɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɚɫɫɚɥɵʆ ²ɩɨ
ɥɨɠɢɥɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɫɚɥɞɵɛɚɫ ɥɨɦɚɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɚɫɵɧ
Ιɚɬɵɪɵʆ ²ɫɥɨɦɚɥɝɨɥɨɜɭ Ιɚɬɵɪɞɵɛɚɫɵɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɞɢɧɪɚɡ ɛɢɪɫΫɣɥɟʆ ²ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɪɚɡ
ɫΫɣɥɟɣɞɢɛɢɪ ɢɬɞ
ȼɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɟɫɬɶɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɫɨɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɳɢɟɢɡɞɜɭɯɪɚɜɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɨɧɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦɢɜɜɢɞɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɏɨɬɹɨɧɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɥɨɠɧɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɨɧɢɬɨɠɟɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɚɯɆɨɠɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɢɧɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɪɚɜɧɵɟɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɦɚɦɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɝΫɪɞɟɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɠɟɪɞɟ
ɛɨɥɵʆ²ɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɠɟɪɞɟɛɢɪɚɹΕɵɝΫɪɞɟɛɨɥɵʆ
ɜɦɨɝɢɥɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢɲɤɟɧɢɧɢɪɢΝɠɟɝɟɧɢɧɠɟ
ɥɢɦɟɬɢʆ²ɠɟɝɟɧɢɧɠɟɥɢɦɢɲɤɟɧɢɧɢɪɢΝɟɬɢʆ
ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɱɺɪɧɨɦɬɟɥɟ ɢɬɞ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɵɜɢɞɢɦɱɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɧɨɪ
ɦɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɫɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɅɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɹɫɶɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɵɦɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢɟɞɢ
ɧɢɱɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ
ɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɸɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɯɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨɪɚɡɧɵɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȺɂɆɨɥɨɬɤɨɜ
ɀɈɌɚɧɢɪɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɫɨɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ
ɫɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɫɨ
ɫɬɚɜɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶɸɢɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɶɸɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ
ɬɵɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣ
ȼɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɚɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɒɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜɞɚɺɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ©«ɞɥɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɫɚɦɨɟɜɚɠɧɨɟ²ɷɬɨɢɯɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɄɚɠɞɵɣɮɪɚɡɟ
ɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɢɡɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɛɨɡɧɚ
ɱɚɬɶɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚɢɨɛɹɡɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɦɟɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɞɪɭɝɢ
ɦɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦɢªɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ
ɚʆɡɵɧɚΙɚɬɵΙɭɣɬɵʆɚʆɡɵɧɚɲɩɚʆ ©ɪɨɬɧɟɨɬ
ɤɪɵɜɚɬɶª ɚʆɡɵɧɬɚɫɬɚɣΙɵɫɵʆ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱ
ɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɢɦɟɸɬɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ
ɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧ
ɬɨɣ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɋɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɦɢɫɢɧɨ
ɧɢɦɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ
ɫɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɳɢɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɥɨɜɨɩɪɹɦɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɩɪɟɞ
ɦɟɬɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɠɟɤɚɤɷɤɫɩɪɟɫ
ɫɢɜɧɵɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɷɤ
ɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɥɨɜɜɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ ɇɚɞɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ
ɨɬɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɢɡɧɚɬɶɢɯɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɛɥɢɡɤɢɢɥɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɧɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɟ
ɢɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɤɪɚɫɤɨɣ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɫɢɤɟɥɢɫɢʆ ɜɟɡɟɧɢɟ ɢɟɲɟɝɢɠɨɪΕɚɥɚʆ
ɭɞɚɱɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɨɞɧɨɦɭɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɪɹɞɭ
ɢɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɬɚɥɚɛɵɤɟɥɢɫɢʆΩʆɦɟɬɢɤɟɥɢʆ ɩɨɜɟɡ
ɥɨ ȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ
ɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɢɜɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯ
ɒɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɟɧɢɸɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɢɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɥɸɛɭɸɮɪɚɡɚɦɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɧɢɠɟɩɟɪɟ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ
ɋɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɚɦɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɞɨɞɧɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɦɟɬɶɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɜɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɝɪɚɦ
ȼɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɜɤɚɪɚɤɚɥɩɚɤɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯɈɞɧɨɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɧɨɨɬɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ȼɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɨɛɳɢɣ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ>ɋ@
ɋɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɚɦɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɢɦɟɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɨɞɢɧɨɛɪɚɡ
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɢɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɥɜɫɜɨɺɦɬɪɭɞɟ
ɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪȻɘɥɞɚɲɟɜ
Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜɬɟɦɱɬɨɨɧɢɢɦɟɸɬɨɛ
ɳɢɣɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɜɚɪɢ
ɚɧɬɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɚɯɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɨɛɳɢɣɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɟɫɬɢɧɟɫɭʆΙɭɣɵʆ²Οɧɢɧɟ
ɫɭʆΙɭɣɵʆ ɦɨɥɱɚɬɶ ɬɢɫɢɧɟɧɲɵΕɚɪɦɚʆ²ɬɢɥɢ
ɧɟɧɲɵΕɚɪɦɚʆ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɹɡɵɤɡɚɡɭɛɚɦɢ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɮɨɪɦɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɦɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɟʆɥɢɚɣɧɵʆ²ɠΟɪɟɝɢɚɣɧɵʆ
ɬɨɲɧɢɬɶ Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢɨɬɬɟɧ
ɤɚɦɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɚɫɵɧɚʆɵɪɬɵʆɛɚɫɵɧΙɚɬɵɪɵʆ
ɦɨɪɱɢɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɭ ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɩɭ
ɬɺɦɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɧɟɢɦɟɸɬɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɧɟ
ɢɦɟɸɬɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɤɪɚɫɤɢɢɥɟɤ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɥɟɝɤɨɡɚ
ɦɟɧɹɬɶɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɚ
Ɋɹɞɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɚ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɜɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚ
ɦɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬΫɛɟɫɢɤΫɤɤɟɠɟɬɢʆ²ɠΟɪɟɝɢ
ɬɚɫɵɩɤɟɬɢʆ ɛɵɬɶɧɚɫɟɞɶɦɨɦɧɟɛɟɨɬɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ ɗɬɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɜɢɯɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɟɬ
ɨɛɳɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɛ Ɉɞɢɧɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɦɚɜɬɨɪɨɣ²
ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɫɥɨɜɚ
ɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɠɚɧɵΟɡɢɥɢʆ²
ɠɚɧɵɲɵΕɵʆ²ɠɚɧɛɟɪɢʆ ɭɦɟɪɟɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ
Οɡɢɥɢʆ ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɪɢʆ ɞɚɬɶ ɲɵΕɵʆ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɨɧɢɧɟɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ
ȼɰɟɥɨɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɹɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ
ɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ
ɱɟɦɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶȼɯɭɞɨɠɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢ
ɦɵɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚəɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɢ
ɢɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡ
ɦɚɯɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɜɚɠɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɪɚɡ
ɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
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ȺɛɞɢɧɚɡɢɦɨɜɒȻɟɪɞɚԕɬɵԙɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕɠɚԙɚɲɵɥɥɵԑɵɒȺɛɞɢɧɚɡɢɦɨɜԤɦɢʆ
ɞԥɪɶɹ²²ʋ²²&²
ȺɜɚɥɢɚɧɢɘɘɈɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɢɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɤɢɢɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɘɘȺɜɚɥɢɚɧɢɅɂɊɨɣɡɟɧɡɨɧȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ²²ɫ
ȺɣɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɚȽԔɚɪɚԕɚɥɩɚԕɬɢɥɢɧɞɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɥɚɪȽȺɣɧɚɡɚɪɨɜɚɌɸɪɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɢɥɢɦɢɧɢԙԥԟɦɢɣɟɬɥɢɦԥɫɟɥɟɥɟɪɢ²²Ȼ²
ȻɚɣɪɚɦɨɜȽȺɈɫɧɨɜɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɚɜɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɞɨɤɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ
ȽȺȻɚɣɪɚɦɨɜ²Ȼɚɤɭ²ɫ
ȻɨɥɝɚɧɛɚɟɜȺɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɜɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟȺȻɨɥɝɚɧɛɚɟɜ²Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ²ɫ
ȿɲɛɚɟɜɀԔɚɪɚԕɚɥɩɚԕɬɢɥɢɧɢԙԕɵɫԕɚɲɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕɫԧɡɥɢɝɢɀȿɲɛɚɟɜ²ɇԧɤɢɫ²ɛ
ɄɟɧɟɫɛɚɟɜɂԔɚɡɚԕɬɢɥɢɧɢԙɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɥɵԕɫԧɡɞɢɝɢɂɄɟɧɟɫɛɚɟɜ²Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ²ɛ
ɄɭɧɢɧȺȼɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȺȼɄɭɧɢɧ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɅɹɧɞɨɊɅɄɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɬɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɜɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɊɅɅɹɧɞɚȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢ²²ɋ²
ɆɨɥɨɬɤɨɜȺɂɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȺɂɆɨɥɨɬɤɨɜ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɆɚɦɚɬɨɜȺȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɥɚɧɢɲɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɤɲɚɤɥɥɚɧɢɲɧɢɧɝɜɨɫɢɬɚɫɢɫɢɮɚɬɢɞɚȺɆɚɦɚɬɨɜɌɢɥ
ɜɚɞɚɛɢɺɬ²ɌRɲɤɟɧɬ²ʋ²²Ȼ²
ɀɈɌɚɧɢɪɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɜ
ɆɚɦɚɬɨɜȺȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɥɚɪɢɧɢɧɝɲɚɤɥɥɚɧɢɲɦɚɫɚɥɚɥɚɪɢɮɢɥɨɥɮɚɧɞɨɤ«ɞɢɫ
ȺɆɚɦɚɬɨɜ²Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ²ɛ
ɆɭɪɚɬɨɜɋɇɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɜɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɋɇɆɭɪɚɬɨɜ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜɒɍȸɡɛɟɤɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɫɢɧɢɧɝɛɚɴɡɢɦɚɫɚɥɚɥɚɪɢɒɍɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜ²Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
²ɛ
ɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜɒɍȸɡɛɟɤɬɢɥɢɧɢɧɝɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɤɥʆԑɨɬɢɒɍɊɚɯɦɚɬɭɥɥɚɟɜ²Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ
²ɛ
ɊɨɡɟɧɬɚɥɶȾɗɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜȾɗɊɨɡɟɧɬɚɥɶɆȺɌɟɥɟɧ
ɤɨɜɚ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɍɪɚɤɫɢɧɁȽɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɛɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɁȽɍɤɪɚɫɢɧ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɘɥɞɚɲɟɜȻɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɤɭɫɥɭɛɢɹɬɚɫɨɫɥɚɪɢȻɘɥɞɚɲɟɜ²ɋɚɦɚɪɤɚɧɞ²ɛ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
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ȺȼɌɚɫɤɚɟɜɚ
ɘɠɧɨɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɢɦɟɧɢɉɂɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɞɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɧɨɜɵɟɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɩɨɜɨɫɩɢ
ɬɚɧɢɸɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɩɪɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɝɟɪɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɧɚɯɨ
ɞɹɳɟɣɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟȺɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɫɨɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɢɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɛɳɟɦɭɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭɢɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɨɛɳɟɟ©ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟªɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢɪɨɫ
ɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɋȼȽɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɨɣɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣɩɚɬɪɢ
ɨɬɢɡɦɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɰɟɥɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ©ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɬɟɦɦɟɫɬɚɦɝɞɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ
ɢɜɵɪɨɫɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɹɡɵɤɭɫɜɨɟ
ɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɡɚɛɨɬɭɨɛɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɢɦɚɥɨɣ
ɊɨɞɢɧɵɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɞɨɥɝɚɩɟɪɟɞɊɨɞɢɧɨɣɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚ
ɧɢɟɟɟɱɟɫɬɢɢɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɜɨɛɨɞɵɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɫɬɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɊɨɞɢɧɟɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ
ɡɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɩɨɪ
ɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɫɜɨɟɣɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶɡɚɫɜɨɟɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɡɚɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɚɢɫɜɨɣɧɚɪɨɞɉɨɦɢɦɨɷɬɨɝɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɨɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭɊɨɞɢɧɵɫɜɨɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɟɝɨ
ɨɛɵɱɚɹɦɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɫɭɞɶɛɭ
Ɋɨɞɢɧɵɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚɢɯɛɭɞɭɳɟɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɬɶɫɜɨɣɬɪɭɞɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɫɰɜɟɬɭɊɨɞɢɧɵɝɭ
ɦɚɧɢɡɦɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɟɨɛɳɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɬɩª>ɋ@
ɂɞɟɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹɋȽȼɨɪɤɚɱɟɜɵɦɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɢɪɹɞ
ɫɬɚɬɟɣɋȽȼɨɪɤɚɱɟɜɚɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɨɥɸɛɜɢɤɪɨɞɢɧɟɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɦɚɫɫɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɩɚɪɟɦɢɨ
ɥɨɝɢɢɩɨɷɡɢɢɢɜɨɬɜɟɬɚɯɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ
>@ɂɞɟɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɜɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹȿȼɇɨɠɟɧɤɨɞɢɫ
ɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜ©ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɟɛɟª
©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦª©ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶªɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɪɹɞɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɯɱɟɪɬɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨ
ɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ >@
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɜɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵɪɚɛɨ
ɬɵȿȽɆɚɥɵɲɟɜɨɣɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ
ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ>@ȿȼȾɟɤɥɟɧɤɨɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɩɚ
ɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɤɚɤɜɚɠɧɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɜ
>@ɂȺɘɪɶɟɜɨɣɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢ
ɨɬɢɡɦªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɦɢɪɚ>@
ȺȺɅɟɛɟɞɟɜɚɢɅȺɄɨɯɚɧɨɜɨɣɨɛɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ©ɩɚ
ɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɢɜɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ>@
ɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ
ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɝɟ
ɪɨɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɛɪɚɡɝɟɪɨɹ²ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɥɸɛɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɚɦɨ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɢɬɪɚɧɫ
ɥɹɬɨɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɭɧɢɜɟɪ
ɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɧɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ
ɷɬɚɩɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɫɬɚɬɟɣɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ
ɩɨɪɬɚɥɚL]UXɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɩɨɪɬɚɥɨɦɝɚɡɟɬɵɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ5HQ79ɢɤɚɧɚɥɚ
ȼɵɛɨɪɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɛɨɝɚɬɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣɢɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸɝɚɡɟɬɵ©ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹªɫɪɟɞɢɪɨɫ
ɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɱɬɨɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɹªɨɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɫɪɟɞɢɫɚɦɵɯɰɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɝɚɡɟɬɊɨɫɫɢɢ
>KWWSVZZZPOJUXUDWLQJV@Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɭɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ
ɫɬɚɬɶɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɚɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ
ɡɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɩɟɪɢɨɞ²ɝɨɞ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɪɬɚɥɚ
©ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹªɜɵɹɜɢɥɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɬɟɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɥɢɛɨɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɸ
ɦɟɪɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɜɫɟɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢɢɩɨɜɵ
ɲɟɧɢɸɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɫɪɟɞɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɊɎ
Ɉɫɨɛɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɡɚɞɚɱɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɬɨɹɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɰɟɥɢɫɮɨɪ
ɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟɩɚ
ɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɊɎ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɧɨɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ
ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɫɪɟɞɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɢɯɢɣ
ɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɂɬɚɤɜɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɫɬɚɬɶɹɯɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɟɪɵɩɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ
ɫɪɟɞɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɊɎɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
² ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɨɱɟɬɧɵɯɡɜɚɧɢɣɞɥɹɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚ
ɥɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɜɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ ² Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɥɚɝɟɪɹ
©Ȼɨɪɨɞɢɧɨª ɩɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɨɣ ² ɉɪɨɟɤɬ©ɍɪɨɤɢɩɚɦɹɬɢª ȼɉɨɪɯɨɜɫɤɨɣɲɤɨ
ɥɟɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬɟ ² ȼɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɡɞɚɧ
ɧɨɟɩɨɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟɋɟɪɝɟɹɒɨɣɝɭɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɟ
ɜɫɟɛɟɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɥɚɫɫɵ
ɘɧɚɪɦɢɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ ² Ⱥɤɰɢɹ©Ȼɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɩɨɥɤª ɩɨɜɫɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ ² ȼɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ©ɇɚɣɞɢ
ɫɟɛɹªɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚ
ɳɢɯɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɭɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɍɫɫɭɪɢɣɫɤ ² ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɚɤɰɢɹ©ȼɚɯɬɚɉɚɦɹɬɢªɜɤɥɸ
ɱɚɸɳɚɹɜɫɟɛɹɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɨɢɧɫɤɢɯɡɚɯɨ
ɪɨɧɟɧɢɣɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɤɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɦɢɬɢɧɝɨɜɢɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɤɰɢɣ
² ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɭɪɨɤɨɜ©ɀɢɜɚɹɢɫɬɨɪɢɹªɢɜɨɟɧ
ɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹ ɜɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɨɦɤɪɚɟ ² Ɍɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ
ɧɨɟɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɸɤɥɚɫɫɭɢɦɟɧɢɤɚɜɚɥɟɪɚɨɪɞɟɧɚ
Ɇɭɠɟɫɬɜɚɋɟɪɝɟɹȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɝɢɛɜɯɨɞɟ
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢɧɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɄɚɜɤɚɡɟ ɜɉɫɤɨɜɟ ² ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɪɨɤɜɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɦɭ
ɡɟɟȼɟɥɢɤɨɣɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɵ ɜɆɨɫɤɜɟ ɋɨɛɵɬɢɟɞɚɥɨɫɬɚɪɬɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ©Ʉɥɚɫɫɞɨɛɪɨɬɵ
Ƚɟɪɨɢɧɚɲɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢªɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɬɚɜɢɬɰɟɥɶɸ
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɨɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɯɸɧɵɯɝɟɪɨɹɯ
² ȾɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɟɧɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ ² Ⱥɤɰɢɹ©ɌɟɫɬɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢȼɟɥɢɤɨɣɈɬɟɱɟɫɬ
ɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɵª ɩɨɜɫɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ ² ȼɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɆɭɡɟɹɨɛɨɪɨɧɵɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɹ
²ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜɋɟɜɚɫɬɨɩɨɥɟ ² ɉɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɚɹɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɤɰɢɹ
©ɋɢɪɢɣɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɥɨɦª ɩɨɟɡɞɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɜɚɝɨ
ɧɨɜɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɫɜɵɲɟɨɛɪɚɡ
ɰɨɜɚɪɬɢɥɥɟɪɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɛɪɨɧɟɚɜɬɨɦɨ
ɛɢɥɟɣɬɪɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɛɪɨɧɟɬɚɧɤɨɜɨɣɢɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɢɞɪ ² ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɮɢɥɶɦɨɬɟɤɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɢ
ɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚɞɥɹɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯɚɪɦɢɢɢɮɥɨɬɚ
ɩɨɜɫɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ ² Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ
©ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ²ɝɨɪɨɞɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɜɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤɟ ² Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɚɪɤ©ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬª ɜɌɭɥɟ ² ɋɨɰɢɚ ɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ © ə ² ɩɚɬ ɪɢɨɬª
ɜɊɹɡɚɧɢ ɢɦɧɨɝɢɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ>ɩɨɦɚ
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦKWWSVL]UX@
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɯɨɞɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɛɵɥɢɨɬɨ
ɛɪɚɧɵɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢɡɚɞɚɱɞɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɨ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦɰɟɥɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɜɭɤɪɟ
ɩɥɟɧɢɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɫ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɭɜɚ
ɠɟɧɢɹɤɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɭɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɟɬɟɣɢɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɜɨɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠ
ɛɵ
ɩɪɢɭɦɧɨɠɚɬɶɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɢɝɨ
ɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢɤɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɨɥɝɚ
ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɣɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɧɟɧɚɡɚ
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯɚɭɧɚɫɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɜɟɫɬɢɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɜɤɚɠɞɨɦɪɟɝɢɨɧɟɝɨɪɨɞɟɧɚɫɟɥɟ
ɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɶɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɪɚɜɞɭɞɨɥɸɞɟɣ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɩɚɦɹɬɶɨɩɨɞɜɢɝɚɯɩɪɟɞɤɨɜɜɟɞɶɝɟɪɨɢ
ɠɢɜɵɩɨɤɚɢɯɩɨɦɧɹɬɩɨɬɨɦɤɢ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɫɺɱɬɨɛɵɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɟɞɟɬɢɩɨɞ
ɪɨɫɬɤɢɢɦɨɥɨɞɵɟɥɸɞɢɝɨɪɞɢɥɢɫɶɬɟɦɱɬɨɨɧɢ
ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤɢɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣɡɧɚɥɢɝɟɪɨɟɜɫɜɨɟɣɫɬɪɚ
ɧɵɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɢɱɬɨɷɬɨɱɚɫɬɶɧɚɲɟɣɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢ>ɩɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦKWWSVL]UX@
ɋɪɟɞɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɩɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ
©ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢªɢɥɢ©ɫɧɢɡɭɜɜɟɪɯªɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɩɨɦɢ
ɧɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɫɬɚɬɶɹɯɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟəɤɭɬɢɹɩɨɹɜɥɹ
ɸɬɫɹɧɨɜɵɟɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɢɟɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦɢɥɸɞɶɦɢɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦɧɚɫɬɨ
ɹɳɟɝɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɢɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɹɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɬɨɦɱɬɨ©ɏɨɪɌɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨª
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɝɚɫɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɬɭɪɱɟɪɟɡȿɜɪɨɩɭɜɄɢɬɚɣɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ©ɉɟɫɧɢ
ɉɨɛɟɞɵªɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɧɨɫɢɬɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɣɢɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɍɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ
ȺɥɟɤɫɟɣȻɭɥɞɚɤɨɜɜɫɟɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɥɸɛɢɦɵɣɚɪɬɢɫɬ
ɜɨɛɪɚɡɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹɱɟɪɬɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɢɞɥɹɦɧɨɝɢɯɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ
ɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɚɢɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ
ɍɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɛɚɣɤɟɪɚ
ȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚɁɚɥɞɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɩɚ
ɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜȼɪɹɞɟɫɬɚɬɟɣ
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɮɢɥɶɦɚɯɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ©Ȼɚɥɤɚɧɫɤɢɣɪɭɛɟɠª©Ɍª Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚ
©Ɍªɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɛɨɛɳɟɣɩɨɛɟɞɟɜɫɟɯɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɧɚɞɮɚɲɢɡɦɨɦɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɢɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɟ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɩɪɢɜɟɥɢɧɚɫɤɜɵɜɨɞɭ
ɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣɦɨ
ɦɟɧɬɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɵɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɭɱɟɧɵɦɢɤɚɤɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɤɚɤɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɦɢɪɚɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɢɞɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵȼɫɥɟɞɡɚȿȽɆɚɥɵɲɟɜɨɣɦɵ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɭɤɚɤ©ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ²ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ
ɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɹɞɪɟɢɥɢɧɚɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɜɫɟɛɟ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɱɚɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɟɢɞɚɠɟɦɢɮɨ
ɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɹɡɵɤɚ
ɨɜɥɚɫɬɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɚɰɢɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯª
>&@©ɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɵɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɭɸɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɨɧɢɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɨɛɳɟɟɢɞɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɫɱɟɬɟ
ɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶª>ɋ@
Ɍɚɤɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ
ȺȼɌɚɫɤɚɟɜɚ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɞɟɧ
ɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɣɢɞɟɟɣ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɭ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢɤɪɹɞɭ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɇɂɄɥɭɲɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɭɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɤɢɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɩɟ
ɪɢɨɞɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ>@ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɋȺɀɭɪɚɜɥɟɜɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ
ɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɤɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚɦɨɛɳɢɦɬɨɟɫɬɶ©ɬɚɤɢɦɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɯ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɭɞɟɬɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɧɚɥɸɛɨɣɫɬɚɞɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɷɬɢɯɢɞɟɨ
ɥɨɝɟɦɧɵɯɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɧɚɤɚɠɞɨɦɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɛɭɞɭɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɫɜɨɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ²ɟɫɬɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹª>ɋ²@
ɇɚɦɢɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨɱɬɨɜɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɫɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨ
ɬɢɡɦªɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɫɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ
©ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɵɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɦɧɚɲɟɣɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɦɹɬɢª
>KWWSVL]UXHJRUVR]DHYJXUHYFKXYVWYR
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Ɋɚɧɟɟȼȼɉɭɬɢɧɧɚɡɜɚɥɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɢɞɟɟɣ ɝ ɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɨɛ
ɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɚɡɧɨɨ
ɛɪɚɡɢɟɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɯɨɞɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɭɠɟɭɫɬɨɹɜ
ɲɢɦɢɫɹɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɨɫɧɨɜɭɧɚɲɟɝɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɢɞɟɢɩɚ
ɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɬɚɤɢɦɢɤɚɤɜɨɢɧɫɤɚɹɞɨɛɥɟɫɬɶɝɟɪɨɣ
ɝɟɪɨɢɡɦɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɚɪɚɞȼɟɥɢɤɚɹɉɨɛɟɞɚȾɟɧɶɉɨɛɟɞɵɦɚɹɩɨɞ
ɜɢɝɧɚɪɨɞɚɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɣɩɨɞɜɢɝɩɨɞɜɢɝɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɥɞɚɬɜɨɟɧɧɚɹɦɨɳɶɜɨɟɧɧɵɟɩɟɫɧɢɄɪɚɫɧɚɹ
ɚɪɦɢɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣɞɨɥɝɝɢɦɧɊɨɫɫɢɢɄɚɬɸɲɚ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɢɨɬɧɨɫɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɨɜɵɟɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɈɧɢ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɤɚɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɰɟɥɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɥɚɫɬɢɢɟɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɩɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɫɪɟɞɢɧɢɯ
² ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɥɚɝɟɪɶɜɨɟɧ
ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ
ɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɥɭɛɜɨɟɧɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣɨɬɪɹɞ
ɤɥɚɫɫɵ©ɘɧɚɪɦɢɢªɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɚɪɤ
² ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɦɟɪɨ
ɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɦɟɪɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢ
ɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɨ
ɫɭɝɲɟɫɬɜɢɟȻɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɤɚɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɰɢɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɚɤɰɢɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɟɤɬɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟɷɤɫɩɟ
ɞɢɰɢɢɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɭɪɨɤɢɩɚɬɪɢ
ɨɬɢɡɦɚɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ
² ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɩɨɫɵɥɵɬɵɨɩɨɪɚɪɨɞɢɧɵɫɟ
ɦɶɢɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɬɵɦɨɠɟɲɶɦɧɨɝɨɟɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɤɚɦɡɚɡɚɳɢɬɭɫɜɨɟɣɪɨɞɢɧɵɢɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɰɢɢɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɤɚɦɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɦɹɬɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɪɚɜɞɚ
Ɉɞɢɧɢɡɝɥɚɜɧɵɯɩɨɫɵɥɨɜɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥ
ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɊɎɩɨɫɥɨɜɚɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɫɜɹ
ɬɨɣɞɨɥɝɜɫɟɯɪɨɫɫɢɹɧ²ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ
ɝɟɪɨɟɜɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɣɜɨɣɧɵ©ɉɚɦɹɬɶɨȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ
Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɨɣɧɟɨɟɟɩɪɚɜɞɟ²ɷɬɨɧɚɲɚɫɨ
ɜɟɫɬɶɢɧɚɲɚɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɦɵɜɢɞɢɦ
ɤɚɤɜɪɹɞɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɢɫɤɚɠɚɸɬɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɜɨɣɧɵɤɚɤɜɨɡɜɨɞɹɬɜɤɭɦɢɪɵɬɟɯɤɬɨɡɚɛɵɜɩɪɨ
ɱɟɫɬɶɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɩɪɢɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɥ
ɧɚɰɢɫɬɚɦɛɟɫɫɬɵɞɧɨɜɪɭɬɫɜɨɢɦɞɟɬɹɦɩɪɟɞɚɸɬ
ɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɟɞɤɨɜª>KWWSVL]UXHJRUVR]DHY
JXUHYDOHNVHLND]DFKHQNRVHUJHLL]RWRYURPDQNUHWFXO
SREHGDE\ODLRVWDHWVLDRGQRLQDYVHNK@
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɵ
ɩɪɢɲɥɢɤɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɜɵɜɨɞɚɦ
ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɞɟɨ
ɥɨɝɟɦɨɣɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɫɬɚɞɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɧɟɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɥɸɛɜɢ
ɤɪɨɞɢɧɟɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɭɨɬɱɢɡɧɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɢɚɞɵªɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɹɞɪɨɢɞɟɢ
ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɩɨɋȽȼɨɪɤɚɱɟɜɭ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɜɨɫ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹɧɟɤɚɤɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɥɢɛɨɢɞɟɹɚɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɤɚɤ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɦɟɪɩɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ
ɫɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɱɢ
ɬɚɸɳɟɣɝɟɪɨɟɜ
ȼɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɨɩɨɛɟɞɟɋɋɋɊɜɨȼɬɨɪɨɣɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɜɨɣɧɟɨɫɨɛɵɣ
ɭɩɨɪɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɚɦɹɬɢ
Ʉɚɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
ɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɨɜɵɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɵɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȼɨɪɤɚɱɟɜɋȽɂɞɟɹɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɋȽȼɨɪɤɚɱɟɜ²ȼɨɥ
ɝɨɝɪɚɞɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ²ɫ
ȽɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚɋȼɊɨɥɶɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢɫɬɭ
ɞɟɧɬɨɜɉȽȽɉɍ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɋȼȽɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚȻɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢɜɭɡɨɜɍɪɚɥɚ²
²ʋ²ɋ²
ȾɟɤɥɟɧɤɨȿȼɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«
ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɧɚɭɤȿȼȾɟɤɥɟɧɤɨ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ²ɫ
ɀɭɪɚɜɥɟɜɋȺɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɵɢɢɯɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ
ɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɧɚɭɤɋȺɀɭɪɚɜɥɟɜ²Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ²ɫ
ɄɥɭɲɢɧɚɇɂɌɟɨɪɢɹɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɇɂɄɥɭɲɢɧɚɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ²²ʋ
²ɋ²
ɅɟɛɟɞɟɜȺȺɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɢɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚȺȺɅɟ
ɛɟɞɟɜɅȺɄɨɯɚɧɨɜɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɘɍɪȽɍɋɟɪɢɹ©Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚª²²Ɍʋ²ɋ²
ɆɚɥɵɲɟɜɚȿȽɅɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɢɞɟɹ©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦªɫɤɜɨɡɶɩɪɢɡɦɭɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚȿȽɆɚɥɵɲɟɜɚɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ²ʋ ²ɋ²
ɇɨɠɟɧɤɨȿȼɗɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɨɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ©ɭɜɟ
ɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɟɛɟª©ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦª©ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶªɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞ
ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@ȿȼɇɨɠɟɧɤɨ²Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ²ɫ
ɘɪɶɟɜɚɂȺɄɨɧɰɟɩɬɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɤɚɤɛɚɡɨɜɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɫɮɟɪɵɊɨɫɫɢɹɂȺɘɪɶɟɜɚ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɬɟɨɪɢɢɤɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ,,Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ²ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɵ²ɋ²
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
ɍȾɄ¶
ȻȻɄɒ
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ɅɂɇȽȼɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈȿɉɊɈɋɌɊȺɇɋɌȼɈȽɈɊɈȾȺ
ɆȿɀɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɕɃȺɋɉȿɄɌ
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɆɚɧɶɒɭ
ɘɠɧɨɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɩɨɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɛɵɥɢɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɚɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɤɪɟɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɅɸɞɦɢɥɭȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɭɒɤɚɬɨɜɭɦɨɠɧɨɧɚ
ɡɜɚɬɶɭɱɟɧɵɦɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɢɦɜɪɟɦɹ
ȿɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɜɫɟɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɥɸɛɢɦɵɦɫɥɨɜɨɨ
ɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɢɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɨɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɧɚɭɞɟ
ɥɹɥɚɨɫɨɛɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɫɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɭɪɵ
ɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦȿȺɁɟɦɫɤɨɣɨɧɚɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɚɫɶ
ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɨɣɇɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ
ɥɟɬɩɨɞɟɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɫɢɥɚɦɢɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɢɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɚɫɶɤɚɪɬɨɬɟɤɚɠɢɜɨɣɪɟɱɢɱɟ
ɥɹɛɢɧɰɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɤɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸɛɵɥɚɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɚ
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɟɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɞ
ɯɨɞɤɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦɇɚɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɚɯɦɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɛɪɚɱɧɵɟɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɡɚɞɚɧɢɣɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢɪɟɱɟ
ɜɵɟɨɲɢɛɤɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯɢɧɨɝɞɚɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɧɨɲɥɢɜɌɨɪɝɨɜɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɬɚɦɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɫɬɚɥɢɨɛɭɱɚɬɶɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɇɚɲɟɣɡɚɞɚɱɟɣɛɵɥɨɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɡɚɬɟɦɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢɚɧɚɥɢ
ɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɧɚɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯɫɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɚɦɢɁɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɨɫɶ
ɷɬɨɬɟɦɱɬɨɢɡɞɚɥɟɤɚɡɚɜɢɞɟɜɧɚɫɫɛɥɨɤɧɨɬɚɦɢ
ɢɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɚɦɢɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɵɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɢɞɥɹɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɫɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɥɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɭɸɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ
ȼɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɫɬɚ
ɥɚɨɱɟɧɶɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɤɨɧɰɟɯ²ɧɚɱɚ
ɥɟɝɨɞɨɜɂɦɟɧɧɨɬɨɝɞɚɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɢɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɟɱɶɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɜɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɮɢɪɦ
ɅɸɞɦɢɥɭȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɭɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɥɢɜɪɚɡɧɵɟɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭɋɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɶɢɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɥɹɱɬɟɧɢɹ
ɥɟɤɰɢɣɩɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ
ɈɞɧɢɦɢɡɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɅɸɞɦɢɥɚ
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɧɚɭɞɟɥɹɥɚɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɫɜɨɟɣɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɹɡɵɤɝɨɪɨɞɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɦɨɠ
ɧɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɤɚɤɪɟɱɶɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɫɟɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ
ɢ©ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɟɱɤɚɦɢªɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɨ
ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɢɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ ©ɂɪɨɞɧɨɟ
ɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɨɟɱɨ«ª ɬɚɤɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɭɥɢɰ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɱɟɥɹɛɢɧɰɚɦȼɫɜɨɟɣ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟɦɵɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɦɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ
ɐɟɥɶɸɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɵɥɨɜɵɹ
ɜɢɬɶɤɚɤɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɜɵɜɟɫɤɢ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɷɪɝɨ
ɧɢɦɨɜɛɵɥɨɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɪɚɛɨɬ
ɎɎȺɥɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɚȼȺɄɪɵɠɚɧɨɜɫɤɚɹɆȽɄɭɪ
ɛɚɧɨɜɚɘȺɄɚɪɩɟɧɤɨɇȼɆɢɯɚɣɥɸɤɨɜɚ
ɆȿɇɨɜɢɱɢɯɢɧɚɌȺɇɨɜɨɠɢɥɨɜɚɇȼɉɨ
ɞɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ȿɇɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨ ȼɂɋɭɩɪɭɧ
ɂɂɌɭɪɭɬɚɎɚɦȼɚɧɎɨɧɝɇȼɒɢɦɤɟɜɢɱ
ɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚȾȺəɥɨɜɟɰɄɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚɢɞɪ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɬɟɦɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɹ
ɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɪɚɛɨɬɩɨɢɡɭɱɟ
ɧɢɸɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɨɫɢɬɟ
ɥɹɦɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ
ɜɊɨɫɫɢɸɩɪɢɟɡɠɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɰɟɜɢɷɬɨɬɩɨɬɨɤɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɪɚɫɬɟɬɆɧɨɝɢɟɢɡɧɢɯ
ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɫɬɨɢɬɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɱɬɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɟɜɫɢɥɭɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɱɢɧɤɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɚɤɢɡɥɢɲɧɹɹ
ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜɬɚɤɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɦɟɧɢɞɥɹɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ
ɰɢɢɈɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɵɥɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ
ɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ²ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ
ɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
Ⱦɥɹɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɷɪ
ɝɨɧɢɦɨɜɦɵɩɪɨɜɟɥɢɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨ
ɫɬɨɹɥɢɡɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɩɨɜɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɵ ɜɞɜɭɯɜɢɞɚɯ
ɇɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɫɹɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣɜɚ
ɪɢɚɧɬɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɜɵɜɟɫɤɢ ɜɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɚɧɚ
ɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɤɪɟɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɚɬɶɟɧɟɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɫɹɧɚɬɨɦɤɚɤɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɢɤɪɟɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬ
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɭɬɨɱɧɢɦɱɬɨɤɚɤɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ
ɤɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɟɬɫɹɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɩɪɨ
ɳɟɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɹɞɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɫɩɨ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɦɵɛɭɞɟɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɤɪɟɨɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɫɩɵɬɭɟ
ɦɵɯɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɜɭ
ɲɟɤɸɧɨɲɟɣ ɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤɸɧɨɲɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ȼɵɜɟɫɤɢɛɵɥɢɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɢɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɤɢɪɢɥɥɢɰɚɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɷɪɝɨɧɢ
ɦɨɜɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵɧɚɨɬɤɪɵ
ɬɵɯɫɚɣɬɚɯɜɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ©ɉɪɨɄɨɮɢɣª©Ȭɩɪɫɬª
©Ȼɭɯɟɧɯɚɭɫª©ȼɤɭɫɧɹɲɤȺª©ɆɢɪɄɭɪɢɣª
©ɆɚɧȾȺɊɂɧª©ɆɭɆɭª©ɉɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤª©Ɉ¶
ɛɥɢɧª©ɆɚɝɚɡɢɧȺȾȺª
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɦɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɵɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɛɵɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɢ ©ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ Ⱥɞɚª ɧɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɟɛɵɥɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɚɛɨɪɨɦɛɭɤɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɧɨ
ɝɞɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɡɚɦɟɧɵɪɭɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
©ȬɉɊɋɌª ɛɵɥɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɤɚɮɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɦɨɠɧɨ
ɛɵɥɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶɤɚɤɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɟɦɭɠɫɤɨɟɢɦɹɢɥɢ
ɤɚɤɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɣɮɨɪɦɟɫɩɪɟɞ
ɥɨɝɨɦ ɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣɩɪɨɤɨɮɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɥɨɫɶɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɨ
ɩɢɫɧɵɯɛɭɤɜ ©ɆɢɪɄɭɪɢɣª ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɭɜɫɟɯ
ɛɵɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭ ɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɢɧ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɜɯɨɞɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɛɵɥ
ɡɚɞɚɧɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɜɨɩɪɨɫ©Ʉɚɤɜɵɞɭɦɚɟɬɟɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɞɚɸɬɜɷɬɢɯɤɚɮɟɢɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯ"ɉɨɱɟɦɭɭɷɬɢɯ
ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɬɚɤɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ"ª 寞㋰䅎凑ⷘ䙫䏭姊ↀ
⇡Ọᷲ┭㘖⌽ầḯ䙫Ƣ⹝ↀ⇡┭⮝⎽忀ḑ⏴䙫
⎆⛇Ƣ
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɆɚɧɶɒɭ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ
ɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɬɪɢɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɚɤɨɮɟɣɧɹ
©ɉɪɨɄɨɮɢɣªɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ©ȬɉɊɋɌªɢɫɭɲɢɦɚɪɤɟɬ
©ɉɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤª
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɆɚɝɚɡɢɧ©ɉɪɨɄɨɮɢɣª
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɮɟɣɧɢ©ɉɪɨɄɨɮɢɣª
ȼɝɪɭɩɩɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜɛɵɥɨɩɨ
ɥɭɱɟɧɨɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɨɬɤɚɡɨɜɧɟɛɵɥɨɋɚɦɵɦɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦɢɛɵɥɢɨɬɜɟɬɵɤɨɮɟ
ɤɨɮɟ
ɨɬɫɥɨɜɚɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ©ɤɨɮɢɣª ɢɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ
ɨɬɜɟɬɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟɨɬɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɢɬɤɚ©ɤɨɮɟª
ɢɝɪɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟɩɨɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɢɥɢɫɢɦɟɧɟɦ
ɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣɢɤɨɮɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɨɫɥɨɜɨɦ©ɤɨɮɟª
ɢɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟɫɨɡɜɭɱɧɨɫɨɫɥɨɜɨɦɤɨɮɟ
ɜɢɦɟɧɢɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨ©ɤɨɮɟªɩɪɨ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɮɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɧɨɱɬɨɛɵɡɜɭɱɚɬɶ
ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟɨɬɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɢɬɤɚ
©ɤɨɮɟªɢɝɪɚɫɥɨɜɤɨɮɟɣɧɹɝɞɟɩɶɸɬɤɨɮɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ
ɜɱɟɫɬɶɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɚɢɝɪɚɫɥɨɜɜɧɚ
ɡɜɚɧɢɢɤɨɮɟɣɧɢɷɬɨɢɦɹɩɨɯɨɠɟɧɚɫɥɨɜɨ©ɤɨɮɟª
ɩɪɨ²ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝ ɤɨɮɢɢ ɤɨɮɟ ɩɪɨɤɨɮɟɤɨɮɟ
ɢɫɥɚɞɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ©ɩɪɨɤɨɮɟªɤɨɮɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɡɨɜɭɬɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣ
ɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣɟɫɬɶɬɚɤɨɟɢɦɹɧɨɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɬɨ©ɩɪɨɤɨɮɟªɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ
ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɦɵɜɢɞɢɦɜɫɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɩɨɧɹɥɢ
ɷɬɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɥɢɫɬɚɪɨɟɢɦɹ
ɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣɢɞɚɠɟɫɜɹɡɚɥɢɫɮɚɦɢɥɢɟɣɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɚ
Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɩɪɚ
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɧɹɥɢɫɦɵɫɥɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɈɬɤɚɡɨɜɧɟɛɵɥɨ
ɫɚɦɨɟɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɟ²ၲ ɤɨɮɟ ±ɡɚɬɟɦɩɨɱɚ
ɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɢɞɟɬၲᗑ ɤɨɮɟɣɧɹ ɞɚɥɟɟɫɥɟ
ɞɭɸɬɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ₵ዲ┳ 㤾㸪∩༎
ୖ⏬᭷ၲ㸦ɞɟɤɨɪɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣɢɝɨɫɬɟɩɪɢɢɦɧɵɣ
ɫɤɨɮɟɧɚɜɵɜɟɫɤɟ ၲ᭷ය ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɤɨɮɟ Ʌɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ
ɩɪɨᅾ«࿘⛛ɩɪɨɤɨɮɟ᥋㏆ၲᡤ௨ɩɪɨɤɨɮɢɣ
ɩɪɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɜɨɤɪɭɝɩɪɨɤɨɮɟɛɥɢɡɤɨɤɤɨɮɟɬɚɤ
ɩɪɨɤɨɮɢɣ ɩɪɨයனⓗពᛮ㸪ɤɨɮɢၲⓗ寷
柚ƏⰘ㘖⅚ṵ⑽╈ ɩɪɨ²ɷɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɜɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɢɱɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɮɢ²ɷɬɨɨɦɨɧɢɦɤɨɮɟɬɚɤ
ɱɬɨɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɤɨɮɟ ▱㐨忀㘖⑽╈ ɡɧɚɣɱɬɨ
ɷɬɨɤɨɮɟ ᭷ၲ ɟɫɬɶɤɨɮɟ ாཷ႑ၲ
ⓗ㗝ℰ ɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɣɬɟɫɶɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɤɨɮɟ ၲᗑ㸪
∩༎᭷༩ᕸወ寡䙫怺梃剙㛰⑽╈⊇ⷎℲ⊂䙫ㄆ妰
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɹɧɚɥɟɬɢɦɟɟɬɜɤɭɫɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨɩɨɰɜɟɬɭ
ɨɱɟɧɶɩɨɯɨɠɧɚɤɨɮɟɢɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ၲᗑ㸪族⏊㛰
⑽╈Ə墬⥤䛲 ɤɨɮɟɣɧɹɤɨɮɟɭɞɜɟɪɢɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ၲⓗ⛥㟮䛛㎌⏖Ọ㘥䤡⇡忀⮝
同ḁ䙫⤎㥩㖠⏸Ə⏴⬾Ḕ⸍㛰⑽╈㛰䂠Ω䛟㐔䙫
ヶ〄 ɡɧɚɱɨɤɤɨɮɟɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɨɛɳɟɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟ ႑ၲⓗ ɩɢɬɶɤɨɮɟ ය
னၲ㸪ᅉḡ⥤䛲 ɨɤɨɮɟɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɧɜɵɝɥɹ
ɞɢɬɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ ᗑ㔛᭷ၲ ɜɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟɟɫɬɶɤɨɮɟ ⾲♧忀⮝䙫⑽╈䦴䱢⽯⤁ƏḢ⽯ㆩƏ宐桥⮉㔥⾪
ɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɜɷɬɨɦɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟɟɫɬɶɦɧɨ
ɝɨɜɢɞɨɜɤɨɮɟɢɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰɡɧɚɟɬɷɬɨɯɨɪɨɲɨɬɚɤ
ɱɬɨɤɥɢɟɧɬɵɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɤɨɮɢɢ
ேྡᗑ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɤɨɮɢɢ ၲ᰿ᤣ忀ḑ⌼宴㎏㴲⇡㘖⑽╈⍬ ɤɨɮɢɢ ɤɨɮɟ
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɥɨɜɭɷɬɨɤɨɮɟɣɧɹ ᛌ㣶㸦ɮɚɫɬɮɭɞ ၲ業ƏỸ旙楕棆䙫Ƌɤɚɮɟɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɚɹɞɢɟɬɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞɨɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɩɨɧɹɥɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɈɬɥɢɱɢɟɜɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢɭɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢ
ɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɦɨɠɧɨɭɜɢɞɟɬɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɪɭɫ
ɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɷɬɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɢɦɟɧɟɦɉɪɨɤɨɮɢɣ
ɢɮɚɦɢɥɢɟɣɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɱɬɨɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɤɢɬɚɣ
ɫɤɢɦɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɄɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟɠɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɱɚɫɬɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɤɨɪɟɧɶɢɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɟɝɨɫɨɫɥɨɜɨɦɤɨɮɟ
Ɇɨɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɢɟɳɟɨɞɧɭɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɧɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɭɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ²ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©ɉɪɨɄɨɮɢɣª²ዲ┳ ɯɨɪɨɲɨɜɵɝɥɹ
ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɆɚɝɚɡɢɧ©ȬɉɊɋɌª
ɞɢɬ ᪉౽⌮ゎ ɥɟɝɤɨɩɨɧɹɬɶ ⊂≉ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ 䭧⌼㗵ṭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɢɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɗɪɝɨɧɢɦ©ȬɉɊɋɌªɤɚɤɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɞɨ
ɜɨɥɶɧɨɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɌɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚ
©ɺɩɪɫɬªɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟɷɜɮɟɦɢ
ɫɬɢɱɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɬɚɤɢɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟɢɥɢɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɩɨɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦɭɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɭɩɨ
ɤɚɡɚɥɚɱɬɨɷɬɨɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɧɨɣɦɨɞɵɜɧɺɦ
ɩɪɨɞɚɺɬɫɹɨɞɟɠɞɚɉɪɢɨɩɪɨɫɟɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶɱɬɨ
ɷɬɨɛɵɥɨɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɟɞɥɹɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɚɡɜɚ
ɧɢɟɢɞɚɠɟɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɧɟɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɋɪɟɞɢɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɭɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɫɥɚɞɨɫɬɢɜɫɹɤɚɹɜɫɹɱɢɧɚɨɞɟɠɞɚɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɹɫɭ
ɜɟɧɢɪɵɫɢɝɚɪɟɬɵɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɬɨɜɚɪɵɆɧɨɝɢɟ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɩɢɲɭɬɱɬɨɧɟɡɧɚɸɬɢɥɢɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɩɪɨɞɚɺɬɫɹɜɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟɫɬɚɤɢɦɧɚɡɜɚ
ɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɡɧɚɸ²ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɫɶɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ²
ɛɟɡɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ² ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɵɜɢɞɢɦɨɡɧɚɥɢɢɧɚɩɢ
ɫɚɥɢɱɬɨɷɬɨɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɝɞɟɩɪɨɞɚɸɬɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ
ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɩɥɨɯɚɹɨɞɟɠɞɚɨɞɟɠɞɚɧɚɥɸɛɨɣ
ɜɤɭɫȾɪɭɝɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɵɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɨɝɪɭɩɩ
ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɫɪɚɡɧɵɦɬɨɜɚɪɨɦɬɚɤɤɚɤɩɪɨɞɚɸɬ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸɧɚɤɚɠɞɵɣɞɟɧɶɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɟɳɟ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɜɫɺ
ɱɬɨɭɝɨɞɧɨɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɩɪɢɤɨɥɨɜɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɩɨɞɚɪɤɨɜ
ɡɞɟɫɶɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɸɛɚɹɛɟɥɢɛɟɪɞɚ
ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɵɣɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟȬɉɊɋɌ²ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧ
ɧɨɟ²©ɛɥɢɧª²ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶȬɉɊɋɌ²
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟɜɪɟɱɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯɞɟɬɟɣ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɥɟɬɧɚɡɚɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ²ɮɪɚɡɚɢɡɪɚɡ
ɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɱɬɨɛɵɛɵɬɶɛɥɢɠɟ
ɤɧɚɪɨɞɭɩɨɧɹɬɧɟɣɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɢɡɜɟɫɬ
ɧɵɦɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɧɢɟɦɧɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɬɭɬ
ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɦɧɟɤɚɠɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɤɚɧɰɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɬɤ©ȬɉɊɋɌª²ɛɭɤɜɵɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɟɥɸɞɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɷɬɨɫɥɨɜɨɤɨɝɞɚɭɧɢɯɱɬɨ
ɬɨɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹɢɥɢɨɧɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɡɚɛɚɜɧɨɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɫɟ
ɡɧɚɸɬ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯɨɡɹɢɧɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚ
ɧɟɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɨɣɧɚɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟɩɨ
ɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɯɨɡɹɢɧɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɧɟɡɧɚɥɤɚɤɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɬɶɭɯɨɡɹɢɧɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɩɥɨɯɨɫɮɚɧɬɚɡɢ
ɟɣɩɟɪɜɨɟɱɬɨɩɪɢɲɥɨɜɝɨɥɨɜɭ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɞɥɹɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɡɚɦɨɱɢɬɶɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢɧɚɡɜɚ
ɧɢɹɦɢɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɣɯɨɞɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɆɚɧɶɒɭ
ɍɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɤɚɤɢɭɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɜɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɩɚɥɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɡɞɟɫɶɛɵɥɨɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɫɟɝɨɨɬɤɚɡɨɜ ▱
ɜɢɞɚɦɢɫɩɨɪɬɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɟɫɬɶɝɪɭɛɨɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ
㐨 ɧɟɡɧɚɸ ² Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟɦɧɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹၟᗑ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ 楔 ɪɟ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɟɤɬɨɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɥɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɯɨɬɟɥɢ
ɫɬɨɪɚɧ ㉸ᕷ ɫɭɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬ ಢḷ惏 ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜ
ɤɥɭɛ ∩༎᭷ᘛᅜ梵ガƏ⽐剙䙫㟶㜭Ə⏖僤㘖㷬䜆
ɧɹɢɫɬɢɥɹɠɢɡɧɢ
ɦɟɦɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɜɵɜɟɫɤɚɜɷɤɡɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɬɢɥɟ
ɂɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɢɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɚ
ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟɩɟɪɢɥɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɯɚɥɹɥɶɧɵɟɦɚɝɚɡɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶɞɜɚɷɬɚɩɚɇɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɷɤɫ
ɧɵ ᛌ㣶 ɮɚɫɬɮɭɞ ⌮⎸ ɩɚɪɢɤɦɚɯɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢɷɪɝɨɧɢɦ©ɉɚɪɭ
汣 ɪɵɛɧɵɣɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ᑠ⌽惏 ɛɭɮɟɬ ⾰᭹ᗑ㸪
ɩɚɥɨɤªɞɚɥɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɨɬɜɟɬ▱㐨 ɧɟɡɧɚɸ ྍ⬟ேⓗྡᏐ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɞɟɠɞɵɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ
ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɢɡ ɚɬɚɤɠɟ㏅⊏┭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜ
ɢɦɹɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɧɵɣɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ 㣶ලၟᗑ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ⌽㖬㸟䔏⒨䙫 ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚɬɭɪɢɫɬɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ忀ḑ⏴⬾䉠− ɷɬɨɢɦɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟ ẚ彪㛰䉠剙 ɛɨɥɟɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ᪉౽ ɭɞɨɛ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ᮌไရ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɢɡɞɟɪɟɜɚ Წ⌫ᗑ ɛɟɣɫɛɨɥɶɧɵɣɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ⯪ୖ⏝
ɧɨ 䭧⌼⤎㖠 ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ᅉḡ⽯㸐榏 ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɨɱɟɧɶɭɸɬɧɵɣ ᭷㊃ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ရ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɟɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ 㠃ໟᗑ ɩɟɤɚɪɧɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ⌽棆䉐䙫 ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ⥭⒨ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ၲ⍬ ɤɚɮɟ 㠠Ꮚᡂ
ⓗ⌽ ɨɛɭɜɶɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɩɚɪɚɯ ෦ᾼ᾿ ɦɨ
྾ᘬ桥⮉ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɨɠɟɧɨɟ ⅉ ɥɚɦɩɚ ᭹ᗑ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ⾰᭹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ໟ ɫɭɦɨɱɤɚ 㰰
ɨɞɟɠɞɵ 云⒨ ɫɭɜɟɧɢɪɧɵɣɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ 㓇業
⠈ ɛɭɪɝɟɪ ⰼ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɨɟHJ\SWᇕཬ㸪ᡤ௨⌽➪⎱參䙫 HJ\SW
ɛɚɪ ♩≀ ɩɨɞɚɪɨɤ ⌽⏪䙫 ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬȿɝɢɩɟɬɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɟɝɢɩɟɬɫɤɭɸ ∵⫗業 ɝɨɜɹɠɢɣɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ ┦ᮘ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ ᑠྚ
ɟɞɭ ❊ཱྀ晷亍ㄆ妰㋩ṭᷧḙ塊㛴Ə㎏㴲㘖墨伄Ə
ɡɚɤɭɫɤɚ 㠠 ɨɛɭɜɢ 楕⒨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɧɚɩɢɬɤɨɜ ⌽ⷪ㖀Ḳ䱢䙫 ɟɫɥɢɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶɜɨɤɧɨɬɨɜɵ
ɇɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ
ɝɥɹɞɢɬɤɚɤɜɢɫɹɳɚɹɨɞɟɠɞɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ©ɧɟɡɧɚɸªɫɨɤɪɚɬɢ
ɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɩɪɨɞɚɠɚɨɞɟɠɞɵɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ಂ
ɥɨɫɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɢɡ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɚɹɩɨɞɩɢɫɶɩɨɞ
寔 ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ ᚇዲྶ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟɢɦɹ 宗
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɜɵɜɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɲɢɦɚɪɤɟɬ ɜɧɟɫɥɚɹɫɧɨɫɬɶ
⾭䊠㖗 ɫɜɟɠɨɜɩɚɦɹɬɢ Ꮠయ㸪宐ạ㛛㷬㥁䙫
ɜɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚɢɩɪɢ
䛲妨 ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɲɪɢɮɬɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɥɸɞɟɣɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɟɥɚɤɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɸɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣɫɛɥɸɞɨɦɫɭɲɢ
᪥ᮏᩱ⌮ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɚɹɤɭɯɧɹ ᑑྖᗑ ɫɭɲɢ ɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɬɤɨ ⌽塊㛴䙫 ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚɨɞɟɠɞɵ Ɇɨɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ⏝⟚Ꮚྚᑑྖᡤ௨㸦ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɭɲɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɛɨɪɚɛɭɤɜɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚ
ɟɫɬɶɫɭɲɢɧɚɞɨɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɚɥɨɱɟɤ㸪ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɡɜɚɧɢɹȾɥɹɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɪɨɥɶ ɩɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤ 什ạ䕀ᷲ⍗屈 ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɜɩɟ
ɢɝɪɚɟɬɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɧɹɫɥɨɜɚɢɥɢɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ⌽⯦⏟ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɫɭɲɢ ୍
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɮɨɪɦɵȼɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɩɟɪɟɬɶɫɹ ⟚Ꮚ㸪⏝⟚Ꮚྚ楔Ə䉠剙 ɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɟɲɶɬɟɩɚɥɨɱ
ɛɵɥɨɧɟɧɚɱɬɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɛɨɥɶɲɟɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵɨɬɤɚɡɨɜ ɤɚɦɢɷɬɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ 䭧亍 ɦɢɧɢɦɚ
ɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɍɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɭ
ɥɢɡɦ ᛌ㣶ᗑ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɧɬɨɜɬɚɤɠɟɦɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɚɡɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɩɨɦɧɢ
寛㗵⯦⏟⽯⥤⏪ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɫɭɲɢɜɤɭɫɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
⛛僽 ɲɚɪɮ ୰㣶
ɷɬɢɯɛɭɤɜɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɨɢɫ
⍬䔏Ḕ⛤K䴇䙫ḃ奦㮻彪
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɜɵɪɚɠɟ
僤␟⮉ạ㸦ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟ
ɧɢɟɷɦɨɰɢɣɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ
ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɢ
ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɞɥɹ
ɜɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ㸧
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɱɢɧɚ
Წ⌫ᗑ ɛɟɣɫɛɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɸɬɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ
ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ẚ彪慹䛕
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɣ
Ɋɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɚɷɪɝɨɧɢ
⥭ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɤɨɫɦɟɬɢ
ɦɚ©ɉɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤªɫɭɳɟ
ɤɢ ⌽⏪䙫䙫 ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɚɨɬɜɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ⌽䁖䙫 ɩɪɨ
ɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɞɚɟɬɥɚɦɩɵ 㠃᮲㟂せ⏝
ɜɝɪɭɩɩɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧ
⟚Ꮚྚ ɱɬɨɛɵɟɫɬɶɥɚɩ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤɋɭɲɢɦɚɪɤɟɬ©ɉɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤª
Ʌɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ
ɲɭɧɭɠɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɟɞɵ ᫂㘥
ɹɫɧɨ ᪥ᩱᗑ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɣɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ ྾ᘬ桥⮉ ɩɪɢ
ɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ᅉḡ⯦⏟㲈⇮⻧Ḳ∴₶ᷧ㠠㢴⬷
ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɭɲɢɧɟɛɵɥɢɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɵɤɚɤɩɚɥɤɚ ɇɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɚɭɞɢ
ɬɨɪɢɢɷɪɝɨɧɢɦ©ɉɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤªɜɵɡɜɚɥɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ
ɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɫɥɵɠɧɵɦɫɩɨɪɬɨɦɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɫɧɚɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɥɵɠɢɩɚɥɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɛɥɸɞɨɦɫɭɲɢ ɪɨɥɥɵɢɫɭɲɢ
ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɫɭɲɢ ɫɭɲɢ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɚɹɟɞɚ ɫɟɤɫɲɨɩɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢɞɥɹɪɟ
ɦɨɧɬɚɢɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɹɦɢɞɥɹɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɇɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɞɚɥɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɜɹɡɢɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣ
ɤɭɯɧɟɣɢɛɥɸɞɨɦɫɭɲɢɩɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɚɥɨɱɤɚɦɢɞɥɹɫɭɲɢ ɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɫɭɲɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɭɲɢɟɞɹɬɞɜɭɦɹɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɢɩɚɥɨɱ
ɤɚɦɢ ɩɚɥɤɚɫɭɲɢɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɟɞɵɩɚɥɤɚɦɢ
ɟɞɹɬɜəɩɨɧɢɢɢɜɄɢɬɚɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɫɫɭɲɚ
ɦɢɩɚɥɨɱɤɢ²ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɣɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨ
ɝɨɛɥɸɞɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɦɧɟɧɢɟɱɬɨ
ɫɭɲɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɭɠɧɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɶɩɚɥɨɱɤɚ
ɦɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɬɭɬɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶɫɭɲɢɩɪɢ
ɟɞɟɫɭɲɢɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɩɚɪɚɩɚɥɨɤɨɬɫɸɞɚɢɧɚɡɜɚ
ɧɢɟɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣɤɭɯɧɢɝɞɟɩɢɳɭɩɪɢɧɹ
ɬɨɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɩɚɥɨɱɟɤɱɟɦɤɭɲɚɬɶ
ɫɭɲɢ"²Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨɩɚɥɨɱɤɢɠɟɫɭɲɢɟɞɹɬɩɚɥɨɱ
ɤɚɦɢɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɢɞɢɡɚɣɧɭɠɚɫɧɵɟɫɭɲɢɫɨɟɜɵɣ
ɫɨɭɫɜɚɫɚɛɢɢɩɚɥɨɱɤɢ ɜɨɬɩɨɷɬɨɦɭȾɪɭɝɢɯɨɬ
ɜɟɬɨɜɧɟɬɚɤɦɧɨɝɨɦɹɫɧɨɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɤɨɥɛɚɫɵɱɚ
ɫɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ©ɩɚɪɭɩɚɥɨɤɤɨɥɛɚɫɵªɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬɩɚɪɭ
ɩɚɥɤɚɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɫɤɨɥɛɚɫɤɨɣɷɬɨɫɟɬɶɤɚɮɟ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɆɨɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɨɫɩɨɪ
ɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɦɢ
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹɢɬɨɝɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɧɚɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɚɜɥɢɹɟɬɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɹɞɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ
ɧɟɣɮɨɪɦɵɢɫɜɹɡɶɫɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɠɚɪɝɨɧɧɵɦɢɢɥɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢȼɩɨɝɨɧɟ
ɡɚɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣɢɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɚɜɬɨɪɵɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣɱɚ
ɫɬɨɭɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɢɡɜɢɞɚɱɬɨɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟ
ɪɟɞɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɚɭɠɟɩɨɬɨɦɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɷɬɨ
ɜɚɠɧɨɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɝɞɚɧɚɭɥɢɰɚɯɪɨɫɫɢɣ
ɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɨɞɨɜɜɫɟɱɚɳɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɰɵ
ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɢɝɪɭɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ
ɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɥɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɚɎɎɗɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɦɢɤɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤ
ɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ɎɚɪɢɞɚɎɚɠɪɭɞɢɧɨɜɧɚȺɥɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ²Ɇɚɯɚɱɤɚɥɚ²ɫ
ɄɪɵɠɚɧɨɜɫɤɚɹȼȺɗɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɫɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ȼȺɄɪɵɠɚ
ɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ²Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪ²ɫ
ɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜɚɆȽɗɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɚɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ
ɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ɆȽɄɭɪɛɚɧɨɜɚ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ²ɫ
ɄɚɪɩɟɧɤɨɘȺɈɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟɢɦɟɧɢɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
KWWSNDUSHQNRLQXDZS±FRQWHQWXSORDGV2B6HPDQWLNHBSGI
Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɸɤɨɜɚɇȼəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɥɢɤɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ>Ɍɟɤɫɬ@ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɇȼɆɢɯɚɣ
ɥɸɤɨɜɚ²ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤȾɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɬ²ɫ
ɇɨɜɢɱɢɯɢɧɚɆȿɌɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɞɨɤɬɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɆȿɇɨɜɢɱɢɯɢɧɚ²ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ
ɇɨɜɨɠɢɥɨɜɚɌȺɇɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤ
ɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ɌȺɇɨɜɨɠɢɥɨɜɚ²Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ±ɧɚ±Ⱦɨɧɭ
ɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤɚɹɇȼɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɇȼɉɨɞɨɥɶɫɤɚɹɈɬɜɪɟɞ
Ⱥȼɋɭɩɟɪɚɧɫɤɚɹ²ɂɡɞ±ɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɢɞɨɩ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨȿɇɗɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɨɧɢɦɵɤɚɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɵɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢKWWSHLU
SVWXHGXELWVWUHDPKDQGOH'SGIVHTXHQFH ɋɢɞɨɪɟɧɤɨȿɇɂɡɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜKWWSD]EXNDLQXDZSFRQWHQWXSORDGVVLGSGI
ɋɭɩɪɭɧȼɂɈɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɥɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɟɝɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ±ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɞɨɤɬɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȼɂɋɭɩɪɭɧ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ²ɫ
ɌɭɪɭɬɚɂɂɗɪɝɨɧɢɦɵɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɨɧɢɦɵɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɢɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɂɂɌɭɪɭɬɚȼɟɫɧɢɤȾɧɟɩɪɨɩɟ
ɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭɋɟɪɢɹ©Ɇɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɨª²ʋȼɢɩ²ɋ²
ȿȼɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨɆɚɧɶɒɭ
ɎɚɦȼɚɧɎɨɧɝɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ Ɏɚɦȼɚɧ
Ɏɨɧɝ²Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ²ɫ
ɒɢɦɤɟɜɢɱɇȼɊɭɫɫɤɚɹɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹɷɪɝɨɧɢɦɢɹɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ɇȼɒɢɦɤɟɜɢɱ²ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ
ɒɤɚɬɨɜɚɅȺəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɚɤɚɤɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɟɝɨɛɪɟɧɞɚɅȺɒɤɚɬɨɜɚ
ȽɨɪɨɯɨɜɫɤɢɟɱɬɟɧɢɹɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɫɟɞɶɦɨɣɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɆɢ
ɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɭɡɟɣɘɠɧɨɝɨɍɪɚɥɚ
²ɋ²
əɥɨɜɟɰ±ɄɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚȾȺɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫɧɚɫɨɢɫɤɭɱɟɧ
ɫɬɟɩɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ȾȺəɥɨɜɟɰ±Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚ²ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
ɏɚɪɱɟɧɤɨȿɥɟɧɚȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ²ɞɨɤɬɨɪɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɘɠɧɨɍɪɚɥɶɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹNKDUFKHQNRHY#VXVXUX
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ɂɆȿɌɈȾɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɈɋɇɈȼɕɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ȾȿɊɂȼȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ
ɗɊɏɚɫɚɧɨɜ
ȾɠɢɡɚɤɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬȾɠɢɡɚɤɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ
©əɡɵɤ²ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɫɟɯɜɢɞɨɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɜɫɟɝɨɜɵɫɨɱɚɣɲɟɝɨ
ɢɭɬɨɧɱɺɧɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɜɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɫɢɥɵ
ɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª
ȼɢɥɶɝɟɥɶɦɮɨɧȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɫ
ɷɬɨɣɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɨɣɬɚɤɢɦɤɚɤɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɐɟɥɶɸɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɨɬɪɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɟɟɧɚɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɟɬɨɞɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɦɟɬɨ
ɞɢɤɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɲɚɝɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɡɚɤɨɧɵɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɩɪɨ
ɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɩɪɢɨɪɢ
ɬɟɬɧɵɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣȼɧɟɣɟɳɟɦɧɨɝɨɟɧɟɹɫɧɨ
ɟɳɟɧɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɚɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɧɟɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɨɤɨɧɰɚɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɤɪɭɝɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɪɟɲɢɬɶȾɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ
ɧɟɧɚɩɭɫɬɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɎɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɡ
ɧɚɧɢɹɈɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɤɟɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ
ɍɠɟɜɞɪɟɜɧɟɦɦɢɪɟɦɵɦɨɠɟɦɧɚɣɬɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɞɟɢɫɨɡɜɭɱɧɵɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɪɢ
ɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɌɚɤɞɪɟɜɧɟɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣɭɱɟɧɵɣɉiɧɢɧɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɭɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ
ɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹɤɨɪɧɢɫɥɨɜɫɚɧɫɤɪɢɬɚɤɚ
ɤɢɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɜɭɤɨɜɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɧɢɢɫɥɨɜɗɬɨɛɵɥɚɩɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɩɟɪɜɚɹɜɦɢɪɟ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚȼɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɜɟɤɚɨɬ
ɱɚɫɬɢɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɱɚɫɬɢɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶɧɚɩɟɪ
ɫɢɞɫɤɭɸɢɚɪɚɛɫɤɭɸɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸɭɱɟɧɵɟɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ
ɧɟɦɚɥɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɨɬɨɦɤɚɤ
ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɢɯɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɮɨɪɦɵɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɜɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ
ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɚɫɶɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ©ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹª
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɟɤɚɥɶɤɢɩɚɞɟɠ
ɨɬɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɚɞɟɠɚɤɚɤɛɵɨɬɩɚɞɚɥɢɤɨɫ
ɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɞɟɠɢɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɥɢɫɶɨɬɩɟɪɜɨ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɬɩ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɥɢɲɶɜ;9,,ɜɟɤɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɚɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜɧɚɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɧɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɛ
ɳɟɧɢɹ²ɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɫɥɨɜɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɗɬɨɛɵɥɚɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɢɥɨ
ɫɨɮɫɤɚɹɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚȿɟ
ɚɜɬɨɪɵɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɜɵɪɚɠɚɹ
ɫɜɨɸɦɵɫɥɶɫɬɪɨɢɬɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟɦɵɫɥɢɜɫɥɨɠɧɨɟɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ²ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɌɚɤɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɇɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɣɛɨɝɫɨɡɞɚɥɜɢɞɢɦɵɣɦɢɪɋɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ
ɜɫɟɛɟɬɪɢɦɵɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹȻɨɝɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɣ
ȻɨɝɫɨɡɞɚɥɦɢɪɆɢɪɜɢɞɢɦɵɣ>&@
ɂɞɟɹɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɜɫɥɨɠ
ɧɵɟɥɟɠɚɳɚɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɤɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ;9,,²;9,,,ɜɜ
Ɍɟɠɟɤɨɪɧɢɢɦɟɟɬɟɳɟɨɞɧɚɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɞɟɹ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ²ɢɞɟɹɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɢɫɠɚɬɢɹɢɥɢ
ɤɚɤɫɬɚɥɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹɜ;,;ɜɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵ²ɩɫɢ
ɯɨɥɨɝɢɫɝɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɵɫɥɢɌɚɤɅɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɜɫɥɟɞ
ɡɚɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɨɣɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɱɬɨɦɧɨ
ɝɢɟɱɚɫɬɢɪɟɱɢɫɥɭɠɚɬɞɥɹ©ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹªɬɟɫɨ
ɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɧɚɲɟɣɦɵɫɥɢɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɟ
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɟɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɝɥɚɝɨɥɧɚɪɟɱɢɟ²ɷɬɨɰɟɥɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɤɱɢɬɚɟɬ
ɑɬɟɧɢɟɦɚɥɶɱɢɤɚɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ²Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɤɱɢɬɚɟɬɯɨ
ɪɨɲɨ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɭɸɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢ
ɤɭ;9,,²;9,,,ɜɜɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɷɬɢɢɞɟɢɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɇɂȽɪɟɱȿɝɨ©ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚªɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟɜɥɢ
ɹɧɢɟɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢ;,;²;;ɜɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɉɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɟɢɞɟɟ
ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɟɨɛɨɪɨɬɵɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɜɜɨɞɧɵɟɫɥɨ
ɜɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɥɚɤɚɤ©ɫɨɤɪɚ
ɳɟɧɧɵɟªɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɏɨɬɹɜɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɢɨɛɨɪɨɬɵɧɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɢ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɧɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɜɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟɜ
ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟɨɧɢ©ɜɨɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹªɤɩɪɟɞɥɨ
ɠɟɧɢɸɬɟɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɬɟɝɨɉɨɞɴɟɡɠɚɹɤɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ
ɦɵɭɫɥɵɲɚɥɢɥɚɣɫɨɛɚɤ Ʉɨɝɞɚɩɨɞɴɟɡɠɚɥɢɤɞɟ
ɪɟɜɧɟɦɵɭɫɥɵɲɚɥɢɥɚɣɫɨɛɚɤ
ɇɂȽɪɟɱɢɟɝɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɎɂȻɭɫɥɚɟɜɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɞɟɪɢ
ɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯɫɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɡɜɟɪɢɢɩɬɢɰɵ
ɠɢɜɭɬɛɟɡɬɪɭɞɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɚɯ ɹɠɢɜɭɜɝɨɪɨɞɟɝɞɟ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɦɧɟɨɱɟɧɶɫɤɭɱɧɨ ɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ
ɱɬɨɫɤɨɪɨɛɭɞɟɬɦɢɪ ɥɸɞɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɎɂȻɭɫɥɚɟɜ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɩɨɩɵɬɤɭɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɬɚɤɨ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɫɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɬɟ
ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶɢɯɤɚɤ©ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟªɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɋɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɜɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɦɧɨɝɨɟɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ
ɜɷɬɨɦɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɯɨɬɹɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɥɢɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɚɤɢɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢ
ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɥɢ²ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɜɫɟ
ɱɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɧɨɢɯɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɦɧɨɝɢɟɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟɢɞɟɢɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɲɤɨɥɵ
ɧɚɲɥɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɧɨɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɜɬɪɭ
ɞɚɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɗɬɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɞɥɹ
ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɟɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɝɞɚɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ
ɫɤɚɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ©ɫɨɱɟɬɚɥɚɫɶªɫɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢɱɬɨ
ɹɡɵɤ²ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɗɬɨɬɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬ
ɛɵɥɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɜɬɪɭɞɚɯ
ɝɟɧɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨȼɮɨɧȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɚ²ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɷɧ
ɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɫɬɚ;,;ɜ
ɋɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɬɪɚɫɬɶɸȼȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥ
ɦɵɫɥɶɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɹɡɵɤɚɈɧɩɨɥɚɝɚɥ
ɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɰɟɥɨɦɭɧɚɪɨɞɭɢɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫɬɟɦɫɥɭɠɢɬɨɪɭɞɢɟɦɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɱɟɥɨ
ɜɟɤɚɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɫɚɦɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ²ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɛɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɤɚɤɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ
ɹɡɵɤɚ²ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɩɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɗɬɨ
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɧɟɥɶɡɹɥɭɱɲɟɫɨɝɥɚ
ɫɨɜɵɜɚɥɨɫɶɫɢɞɟɟɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɚɹɡɵɤɚɢɞɟɟɣɟɝɨ
ɛɟɫɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɪɢɜɚ
ɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɜɧɟɫɥɢɅɇɆɭɪɡɢɧɆȽɒɤɭɪɨɩɚɰɤɚɹ
ɢɞɪɨɩɢɫɚɜɜɫɜɨɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɚɯɨɛɳɭɸɬɟɨɪɢɸɞɟ
ɪɢɜɚɰɢɢɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ>ɋ@
ɂɬɚɤɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɤɚɤɨɛɳɟɝɨ
ɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɟɦɯɨɞɨɦɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ
Ʉɚɤɥɸɛɚɹɧɚɭɤɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ²ɜɫɜɨɟɣɦɟ
ɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢɊɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɧɚɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɳɢɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɮɨɪɦɨɣɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɬɟɪɢɢɜɵɫɬɭ
ɩɚɟɬɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɥɢɬɨɱɤɚɏɞɜɢɠɟɬ
ɫɹɨɱɟɧɶɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɤɢ<ɬɨɦɵ
ɦɨɠɟɦɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɱɬɨɏɧɟɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɚ
ɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɩɨɤɨɟɟɫɥɢɏɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤ<
ɬɨɏɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɩɨɤɨɟɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ<Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ
ɜɵɜɨɞɫɬɚɬɢɤɚɹɡɵɤɚɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ²
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɦɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
ɜɚɬɶɜɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɤɚɤɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɜɚɠɧɵɦɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɦɩɨɧɹɬɢ
ɟɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɟɫɬɶɞɜɢ
ɠɟɧɢɟɨɬɧɢɡɲɟɝɨɤɜɵɫɲɟɦɭɨɬɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɤɫɥɨɠ
ɧɨɦɭɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɟɫɬɶɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɟɫɹɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨ
ɫɬɶɸɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦɤɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɨɜɨɦɭɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɨɜɵɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɣɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɗɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣɝɞɟ
Ⱥ¶ ȺĮĮ²ɫɢɦɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹɢɝɪɚɟɬɪɨɥɶɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɢɛɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɜɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɟɦɵɫɥɢɦɨɉɪɢɱɟɦ
ɷɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɨɪɫɚɦɩɨɫɟɛɟɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɟɧɬɟɧɟɦɨ
ɠɟɬɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɨɛɴɟɤɬ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɠɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚɫɢɥ²ɩɪɢɱɢɧ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ²ɜɵɫɲɢɣɬɢɩɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɢɢɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɬɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɤɞɪɭɝɨɦɭɨɬɫɬɚɪɨɝɨɤɧɨɜɨɦɭ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɛɴ
ɟɤɬɨɦɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɮɨɪɦɚɦɢɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ²ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɫɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɟɝɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɟɣɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ
Ɉɛɳɚɹɥɢɧɢɹɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɟɪɟ
ɩɥɟɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɟɯɨɞɵɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɢɥɢɞɚɠɟ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɚ>ɋ@
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɛɵɜɚɸɬɪɚɡɧɵɟɜɧɟɲ
ɧɢɟɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟȼɧɟɲɧɹɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ²ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɟɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɫɢɥɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɢɝɪɚɸɬ
ɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ²ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ>@Ɇɢɪɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɢɧɚɱɟɤɚɤɩɭɬɟɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟ
ɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣȾɭɦɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨ
ɢɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜ
ɧɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɹɡɵɤɚ²ɫɥɨɜɨɋɥɨɜɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɬɟɤɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɧɨɜɨ
ɢɤɷɬɨɦɭɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɶɜɹɡɵɤɟ ɬɨɫɥɨɜɨ
ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɢɯɨɬɹɤɚɠɞɵɣɪɚɡɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨ
ɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɝɨɬɨɜɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɪɚɧɹɳɚɹɫɹ
ɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɈɬɫɸɞɚɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɛɵɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɵɜɨɞɱɬɨ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ²ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɚɫɥɨɜɨ²ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ >@
ȼɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɠɟɫɥɨɜɨ²ɷɬɨɬɚɤɠɟɞɢ
ɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɜɟɟɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɈɞɧɚɤɨɫɥɨɜɨɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɧɟɬɚɤɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ²
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɬɟɤɫɬɚȻɨɥɟɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɤɚɩɥɟɜɨɞɵ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɨɞɵɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɤɚɩɥɹ²ɬɚɠɟ
ɜɨɞɚ ɬɚɤɢɜɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ²ɜɫɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɟɫɬɶɬɨɬɠɟɬɟɤɫɬɂɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ²ɫɥɨɜɨ
Ɉɧɨɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɬɹɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɫɱɟɬɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬ©ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹªɢɡɫɥɨɜȼɷɬɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ©ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬªɜɨɞɭɧɨɧɟɨɛ
ɥɚɞɚɸɬɟɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ>@
ɑɟɦɠɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɨɤɚɤɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ"Ɉɧɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨ
ɪɨɧɵɫɥɨɜɨ²ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɤ
ɬɟɤɫɬ©ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹªɢɡɫɥɨɜɤɚɤɡɞɚɧɢɟɢɡɤɢɪɩɢɱɟɣ
ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɥɨɜɨɧɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɬɟɤɫɬɭ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɟɣɱɚɫɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɜɹ
ɡɚɧɨɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɜɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɥɨɜɨɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɗɊɏɚɫɚɧɨɜ
ɬɟɤɫɬɭɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɧɟɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɟɦɭɗɬɢɦ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟɦɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹɦɧɨɝɢɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɥɨɜɚȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɥɨɜɨɢɤɨɧ
ɤɪɟɬɧɨɢɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɜɨɞɧɨɢɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɄɚɤ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɬɟɤɫɬɚɨɧɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɜɬɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɟɧɞɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɜɹɡɚ
ɧɨɫɨɜɫɟɦɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɬɚɤ
ɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɟɥɚɸɬɟɝɨɦɟɬɨɣɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɚɇɨɩɨɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɭɫɥɨɜɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɨɫɶɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɝɞɟɨɧɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɦɟɬɵɨɧɨɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɞɚɧɧɵɣ
ɬɟɤɫɬɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢɬɟɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɬɨɨɛɳɟɟ
ɱɬɨɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɷɬɢɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɩɨɧɟɨɛɯɨ
ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨ>ɋ@
ɋɥɨɜɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɞɚɧɧɭɸɦɵɫɥɶ©ɪɚɡɥɢɬɭɸª
ɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɛɭɞɭɱɢɫɜɹɡɚɧ
ɧɵɦɫɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦɱɢɫɥɨɦɞɪɭɝɢɯɦɵɫɥɟɣ©ɪɚɡɥɢ
ɬɵɯªɜɬɟɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɧɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɨɫɶ
ɨɧɨɧɟɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɵɫɥɢɚɥɢɲɶɧɚɦɟɤɚɟɬ
ɧɚɧɟɟɋɥɨɜɨ²ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɧɟɦɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɜɫɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɚɇɨɬɟɤɫɬɧɟɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɫɥɨɜɭɨɧɨɡɚɧɢɦɚ
ɟɬɜɧɟɦɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚ
ɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɞɚɠɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɫɥɨɜɚɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɛɵɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟ
ɱɢɜɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɫɟɨɧɢɬɚɤɢɥɢɢɧɚɱɟ
ɟɫɬɶɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭ
ɟɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣɢɜɧɟɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ
Ɉɞɧɨɣɢɡɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯɡɚɞɚɱɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɩɪɢɱɢɧɞɟɪɢɜɚ
ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɨɛɴ
ɟɤɬɵɬɢɩɚɹɡɵɤɚɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɬɪɭɞɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯɢɡɪɹɞɚ
ɦɟɧɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ
ɢɡɛɨɥɟɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɢɬɩɧɨɫɢɬɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨɜɟ
ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɷɬɨɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɢɤɹɡɵɤɭɈɞɧɚɤɨɫɪɟɞɢɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɜɚɠɧɵɟɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟɨɛɳɟɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ
ɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɛɥɚɝɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɟɫɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ²ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɞɪɭɝɨɣɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɧɨɜɨɟɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɏɜ< ɤɨɠɚ²ɜɫɚɩɨɝɢɡɟɪɧɨ²ɜɦɭɤɭɯɥɨɩɨɤ²ɜɧɢɬɤɢɢɬɩ ȼɹɡɵɤɟɦɵɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɧɟɱɬɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟɦɵ©ɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɦªɬɟɤɫɬɵɢɡɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɩɨ
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɷɬɨɦɭɦɨɠɟɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨª
ɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɹɡɵɤɭɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɵɦɨɠɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢɬɟɪɦɢɧ©ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨªɢɛɨ
ɥɸɛɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɨɬɟɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɭɠɟɢɦɟɥɨɦɟɫɬɨ
ɧɚɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦɷɬɚɩɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɗɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨ<
©ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬªɏɜɬɨɦɢɥɢɢɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɯɨɬɹɢɧɟɫɜɨ
ɞɢɬɫɹɤɧɟɦɭɤɚɤɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɜɫɧɹɬɨɦɜɢɞɟɌɚɤɜɥɸɛɨɦɬɟɤɫɬɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɦɵ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɦ©ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹªɭɠɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ȼɫɟɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ²ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ²ɫɥɭɠɚɬɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɬɚɤɢɦɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɦɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɥɸɛɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɨɬɩɨ
ɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɭɤɨɣ
ɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɗɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɱɬɨɨɧɚɢɦɟɟɬɞɟɥɨ
ɧɟɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɨɣɚɫɟɟɨɬɨ
ɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɬɚɤɨɝɨɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɫɜɨ
ɟɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɥɨɝɢɤɨɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɈɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ
ɜɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɡɧɚɱɢɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɟɦɭɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɧɚɤ>@ɇɨɨɛɴ
ɟɤɬɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɚɦɩɨɫɟɛɟɚɥɢɲɶɤɚɤɱɚɫɬɶ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɁɧɚɱɢɬɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɦɵɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɜɵɱɥɟɧɢɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɬɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɦɵɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɫɪɹɞɨɦɞɪɭɝɢɯɨɛɴɟɤ
ɬɨɜɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɬɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ
ɟɝɨɜɬɨɬɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɤɥɚɫɫɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɂɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɩɨ
ɦɨɳɶɸɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɆɵɞɟɥɚɟɦɜɵɛɨɪɩɨɞ
ɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɡɧɚɤɚɢɥɢɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɱɬɨɛɵɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
ɬɟɤɫɬɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɫɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɜɧɟɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦɋɬɚɜɹɡɧɚɤɜɫɨɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɥɨɠɧɟɣ
ɲɢɟɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɌɚɤ
ɤɚɤɤɚɠɞɵɣɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɟɧ
ɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɤɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɭɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ
ɬɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɱɬɨɛɵɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɛɳɟɧɢɢɢɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɦɵɫɥɶɜɬɟɤ
ɫɬɟɧɚɦɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɜɫɟɧɨɜɵɟɢɧɨɜɵɟ
ɡɧɚɤɢɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɵɩɨɱɬɢɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɡɧɚɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɸɬɤɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɫɥɭɱɚɸɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɬɟɜɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ
ɢɯɜɧɨɜɵɟɡɧɚɤɢ>ɋ@Ɉɬɫɸɞɚɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚɪɨɥɶ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢɜɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɂɡɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɣɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɬɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɚɦɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɹɟɫɬɶɨɫɨɛɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ²
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɞɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɰɜɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɹɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬɜɯɨɞɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɩɢ
ɪɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɧɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɨɧɬɨ
ɥɨɝɢɢɚɧɟɝɧɨɫɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɨɧɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹɩɨɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɞɜɭɯɬɢɩɨɜ²ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɫɤɢɦ
ɢɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹɤɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚɜɫɹɤɨɣɧɚɭɤɢ²ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɨɩɢɫɚɬɶɨɛɴ
ɟɤɬɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɟɦɢɨ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɇɟɥɶɡɹɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹȼɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɇɨɬɚɤɤɚɤ
ɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɬɨɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɧɟɪɚɡ
ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɷɬɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɝɧɨɫɟɨɥɨɝɢɸɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɚɦɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɟɝɨɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɱɬɨɢɦɟɟɬɪɹɞɨɬ
ɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣȼɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟɬɚɤɨɟ
ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɨɧɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɬɟɤɫɬɵɬɟɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ
ɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɚɬɟɹɡɵɤɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɩɢ
ɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɹɡɵɤɆɟɬɚɹɡɵɤ²ɹɡɵɤɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɬɟɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɢɩɪɚ
ɜɢɥɚɢɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɈɧɬɟɫɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɦɟɬɨ
ɞɢɤɨɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɤɚɤɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɫɱɟɬɟɢɜɫɹɥɢɧɝ
ɜɢɫɬɢɤɚɢɦɟɟɬɞɟɥɨɫɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɂɦɟɧɧɨɬɟɤɫɬ²
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɈɞɧɚɤɨɬɟɤɫɬ
ɜɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɬɟɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɋɷɬɢɦ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɦɟɹɞɟɥɨɫɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ
ɦɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶɜɧɟɦɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɟɪ
ɬɵ²©ɫɥɟɞɵªɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɬɟɬɚɤɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɧ
ɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢɂɧɚɱɟɝɨɜɨɪɹ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɵ
ɫɬɪɨɢɦɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ ɢɥɢɪɹɞɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ ²ɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɟ
ɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɬɪɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɷɬɚɩɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɞɟ
ɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɟɟɧɚɚɞɟɤ
ɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɇɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɤɫɬɪɚɫɫɦɚ
ɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɤɚɤɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯɨɬɹɢɩɨɞɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɭɝɥɨɦɡɪɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɡɚɞɚɱɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɣ
ɬɢɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɌɚɤɢɟ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɢɛɭɞɭɬɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ>@Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɬɵɫɤɚɬɶɢɬɚɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɹɳɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɨɬɧɸɞɶɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɚɟɫɥɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɬɨɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɜɩɪɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ ɋɪɆɵɩɨɫɟɬɢɥɢɜɨɫɶɦɨɟ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɟɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɟȼɜɨɫɶɦɟɪɤɟɩɪɨɜɨ
ɞɹɬɫɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɢɫɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɲɤɨɥ ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɬɟɬɨɱɟɦɨɧɢɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɨɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɷɬɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɧɨ
ɫɢɬɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɦɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɧɚɛɥɸ
ɞɟɧɢɟɢɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɜɬɟɤɫɬɟɬɨɱɬɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ
ɤɚɤɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɥɹɚɧɚɥɢɡɚȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɡɞɟɫɶɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɫɥɨɜɨɦɨɪ
ɮɟɦɚɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɢɬɩɜɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɦɵɫɥɟ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɁɞɟɫɶɦɵ
ɢɦɟɟɦɞɟɥɨɭɠɟɫɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɫɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ
ɤɚɤɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɚɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɳɢɣɩɭɬɶɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɧɟɢɧ
ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɚɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɬɨɱɧɟɟ²
ɝɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɤɨɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɛɨɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɦɵɜɵ
ɧɭɠɞɟɧɵɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭɨɬɨɦɤɚɤɩɪɨɬɟ
ɤɚɟɬɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɡɚɬɟɦɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ
ɧɚɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɣɧɚɩɟɪɜɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɭɸɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɈɬɫɸɞɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɞɢɧɚɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢȼɜɟɞɟɦɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɢɡɧɢɯɨɬ
ɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ²ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɢɨɬɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɧɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɦɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɦɭ©ɨɬɪɟɡɤɭªɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɡɚɤɥɸ
ɱɟɧɧɨɦɭɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ
Ɋɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɛɵɥɨɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɫɥɨ
ɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸȾɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɉȺɋɨɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɚɡɜɚɥɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɲɚɝɨɦ
Ⱦɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɲɚɝ²ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹɜɫɟɛɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟɞɚɥɟɟɧɟɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɦɵɟɞɢɧɚ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɦɨɝɭɬ
ɗɊɏɚɫɚɧɨɜ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɵ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɟɞ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɡɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɢɥɢɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɬɩ
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɲɚɝɚɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɧɨɜɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɇɨɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚ
ɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ²ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɧɚ
ɱɚɥɶɧɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɛɟɡɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɩɪɟɞɥɨ
ɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɛɪɚɬɩɪɢɟɯɚɥ²ɩɪɢɟɡɞɛɪɚɬɚɌɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɟɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɚɦɨɠɟɬɢɧɟɢɦɟɬɶɦɟɫɬɨɜɞɟɪɢɜɚ
ɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹɬɨɱɬɨɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɞɟ
ɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɢɡɜɧɟɢɫɥɭɠɢɬɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɫɚɦɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɈɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɤɚɤɛɵɫɩɨ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɧɨɜɨɣɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɵɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɭɟɬɟɟɬɟɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɢɡɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦɟɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɌɨɱɬɨ
ɜɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɨɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦɈɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɫɥɨɜɚɫɨɸɡɵɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ>@
ɂɬɚɤɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɲɚɝɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɩɟ
ɪɚɰɢɹɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ²ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɫɩɨɦɨ
ɳɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɩɢɫɚɧɚɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨɟɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɷɬɚɩɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɬɪɟɬɶɟɦɷɬɚɩɟɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɦɨ
ɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɬɢɩɵɞɨɤɚɡɚ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɜɫɟɛɟɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɨɞɟɥɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɬɶɮɚɤɬɚɦɢɱɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɟɮɚɤɬɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɟɣɬɟɦɥɭɱɲɟɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞɟɥɶɫɚɦɚɩɨɫɟɛɟɚɛ
ɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɚɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɟɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɜɦɟɫɬɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɤɥɚɫɫɚɫɥɨɜɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɨɧ
ɤɪɟɬɧɭɸɥɟɤɫɢɤɭɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟȿɫɥɢɬɚɤɭɸ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨɦɨɞɟɥɶɜɵ
ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ©ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟªɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɩɪɨ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɢɧɵɯɷɤɫɩɟ
ɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɭɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɹɡɵɤɚȿɫɥɢɪɟ
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɬɨɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɩɪɟɫɹɧɘȾɅɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɋɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɚɘȾȺɩɪɟɫɹɧ²Ɇ
ɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜȼȼɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɬɢɩɵɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɫɥɨɜɚȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜȼɨɩɪɨɫɵɹɡɵ
ɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ²Ɇ²ʋ²ɋ²
ȽɢɧɡɛɭɪɝȿɅɄɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɥɢɫɟɦɢɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɌɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɹɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɹȿɅȽɢɧɡ
ɛɭɪɝ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȽɨɥɚɧɨɜɚȿɂɇɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɚɜɬɨɥɟɤɫɢɤɢȿɂȽɨɥɚɧɨɜɚɋɩɨɫɨɛɵɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɋ²
ɄɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜɚȺȼɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɝɧɢɰɢɹɜɹɡɵɤɟɢɪɟɱɢȺȼɄɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜɚ²Ɍɨɦɫɤɂɡɞɜɨ
Ɍɉɍ²ɫ
ɆɭɪɡɢɧɅɇɈɫɧɨɜɵɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ²ɉɟɪɦɶɉɟɪɦɭɧɬ²ɫ
ɊɨɡɟɧɬɚɥɶȾɗɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ²ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɞɥɹɭɱɢɬɟɥɹȾȿɊɨ
ɡɟɧɬɚɥɶɆȺɌɟɥɟɧɤɨɜɚ²Ɇɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ²ɫ
ɋɟɪɟɛɪɟɧɧɢɤɨɜȻȺəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹȻȺɋɟɪɟɛɪɟɧɧɢɤɨɜȼɢɞɵɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ²Ɇ
ɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ²Ɇɋɨɜɷɧɰɢɤɥ²ɫ
ɏɚɫɚɧɨɜɗɊɂɡɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɤɚɤɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɗɊɏɚɫɚɧɨɜȺɤɬɭ
ɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ
ɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɲɤɨɥɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ²Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɇɍɍɡ²&
ɒɦɟɥɟɜȾɇɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤȾɇɒɦɟɥɟɜɅɟɤɫɢɤɚ²ɆɅɢɛɪɨɤɨɦ²ɫ
ɒɤɭɪɨɩɚɰɤɚɹɆȽȾɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɢɫ«
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ɈȻɊȺɁȺɄɈɇɐȿɉɌȺ©ɀȿɇɓɂɇȺª
ȼȾȿɅɈȼɈɆɉɂɋɖɆȿɉɈɁȾɊȺȼɅȿɇɂɂɋɆȺɊɌȺ
ɐɢɧɶɉɚɧɶɩɚɧɶ
ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɆɚɪɬɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɩɭɬɟɦɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɧɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɚªɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɸɜɪɹɞɟɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɨɰɟɧɤɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɜɨɟɣɩɨɥɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɩɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟFɩɪɚɡɞ
ɧɢɤɨɦɆɚɪɬɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɦɢɪɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɭ
ɟɬɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɉɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɆɚɪɬɚɤɚɤ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɚɹɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɩɢɫɶɦɚɬɢɩɢɱ
ɧɨɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɉɢɫɶɦɨ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɆɚɪɬɚɜɚɞɪɟɫɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɨɣɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɧɚɦɢ
ɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɧɨɣɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɈɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɨɬɪɚɠɺɧɧɵɯɜɩɢɫɶɦɟ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ
ɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɦɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɤɩɨɞ
ɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦȺɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɆɚɪɬɚɨɫɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɞɥɹ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɢɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɦɢɪɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢɬɚɣ
ɰɟɜɇɨɜɢɡɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɣɪɚɡɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɢɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨ
ɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɆɚɪɬɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɹ
ɡɵɱɧɨɦɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɫɨɰɢɭɦɚɯ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɞɟɥɨɜɵɟɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫ
Ɇɚɪɬɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɚɣɬɚɯɤɨɦɩɚ
ɧɢɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ
ɰɢɣɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɫɚɣɬɚɯɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɈɛɳɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɢɫɟɦɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɢɡɧɢɯ²
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵ
ɤɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɱɟɦɧɚɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɱɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɠɚɧɪɚɜɩɭɛɥɢ
ɰɢɫɬɢɤɟȼɄɢɬɚɟɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɠɟɧɫɤɢɣɠɟɧɶ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟɱɚɫɬɨɜɜɢɞɟɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɢ
ɫɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɱɶɸɫɜɪɭ
ɱɟɧɢɟɦɧɚɝɪɚɞ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɫɟɰɆɚɪɬɚª
ɭɫɬɧɵɦɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɤɨɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɢɬɨɝɞɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɬɢɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣɜɚɪɢ
ɚɧɬɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɭɠɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ
ɢɜɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɢɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɭ
ɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɟɈɧɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɢɤɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɠɚɧ
ɪɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ²ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ>ɋ@
ɢɤ©ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɭªɟɝɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶ²
©ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜɟɳɟɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹª>ɋ@ɉɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦɞɥɹɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɷɬɢɤɟɬɚɜɚɪɶɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɰɟɥɶɸɨɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɬɟɪɟɨ
ɬɢɩɵɢɨɰɟɧɤɢɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ
Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɟ©ɩɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟªɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣɩɨɥɨɠɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭɚɜɬɨɪɚɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹȼɫɥɟɞɡɚȾɠɋɟɪɥɟɦɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨ
ɤɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɭɞɚɱɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬ
ɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɫɭɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ²©ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɢɦɟɟɬɦɟɫɬɨɤɚɤɨɟɥɢɛɨɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɟɞɟɥɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɟɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɞɟɥɤɚɤɩɨɥɨɠɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɞɥɹɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɢɥɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɞɟɥ ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚª>ɋ@Ɍɨɟɫɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɪɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɟɧɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɫɨɛɵ
ɬɢɟɫɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɬɨɠɟɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɦ ©ɋɬɨɢɬɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɢɬɶª Ɇɵɫɨɝɥɚɲɚɟɦɫɹɫɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢɋɟɪɥɟɦɭɫɥɨɜɢ
ɹɦɢɭɞɚɱɧɨɣɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɠɚɧɪɚɧɨɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɞɨ
ɛɚɜɢɬɶɤɷɬɨɦɭɟɳɺɬɪɢɩɭɧɤɬɚɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɷɬɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɋɨɛɵɬɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɞɥɹɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶɧɚɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɣɭɫɩɟɯ
ɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ
Ⱥɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɦɢ
ɡɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢɚɞɪɟ
ɫɚɬɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɨɬɚɜɬɨɪɚɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɢɡɚɛɨɬɵȺɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɚɤ
ɯɨɱɟɬɫɚɦɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɂɬɚɤɦɵɜɢɞɢɦɱɬɨɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦɢɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɨɧɢɜɡɚ
ɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɢɷɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɭɫɩɟɲ
ɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɞɥɹɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɯɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ©ɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɚªɦɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬª
©ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ²ɩɢɲɟɬɅȻɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚ²
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ©ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬªɦɨ
ɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɢɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɟɪɟɱɢɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɹɜɥɹ
ɸɳɢɟɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɦɢɪɚɢɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɵɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɧ
ɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɵɯɜɟɳɟɣɢɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɣª>&@
ɉɪɢɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɪɚ
ɡɚɅȻɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɬɟɪɦɢɧ
©ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬªɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬ²ɷɬɨɪɟɚɥɢɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹɜɩɚɦɹɬɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚɚɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɪɚɡɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭ
ɦɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɪɚɡ²ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ
ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɫɶɤɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɦɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɣɫɆɚɪɬɚɦɵɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɛɳɭɸɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɩɨɥɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸɹɞɪɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɸ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɟɫɥɨɢ
ɝɞɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɭɛɴ
ɐɢɧɶɉɚɧɶɩɚɧɶ
ɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɚɫ
ɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ >ɋ@
ȾɟɥɨɜɨɟɩɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɆɚɪɬɚɜɚɞɪɟɫ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɵ ɩɢɲɟɬɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɦɭɠ
ɱɢɧɚFɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɨɥɶɸ²ɧɚ
ɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ
ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɦɷɪ ɚɜɄɢɬɚɟɤɪɨɦɟɬɚ
ɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɨɥɶɸɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɢɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɢɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɭɞɨɜ
ɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɡ
ɚɜɬɨɪɚɢɨɛɪɚɡɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵɜɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ȼɫɥɟɞɡɚȿɆȼɨɥɶɮɦɵɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɰɟɧɤɭɤɚɤ©ɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɟɫɹɢɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɺɧɧɨɟɜɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɢɥɢɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɥɢɰɚɥɢɰɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɤɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª>ɋ@
©ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧ
ɤɢ²ɩɢɲɟɬɈɇɏɨɪɨɲɤɨ²ɦɨɝɭɬɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ
ɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɧɨɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɟɝɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɧɟɧɢɹɬɨɱɤɚɡɪɟ
ɧɢɹɩɨɬɨɦɭɢɥɢɢɧɨɦɭɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɜɟɳɢ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟɟɦɭɪɨɞɧɵɟɢɛɥɢɡɤɢɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª
>ɋ@ȾɥɹɧɚɫɜɚɠɧɨɢɦɧɟɧɢɟȼɂɄɚɪɚɫɢɤɚ
ɨ©ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɦɢɪɚª©ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɚɹɤɚɪɬɢ
ɧɚɦɢɪɚɜɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɚɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɧɚɢɛɨ
ɥɟɟɜɚɠɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɠɢɡɧɢɧɚɪɨɞɚɩɨ
ɥɭɱɚɸɬɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸɢɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɭɸɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɸ
ɉɪɢɦɟɠɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɦɢɪɚɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɬɟɯɢɥɢɢɧɵɯɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɜɜɵɪɚɠɚ
ɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɶɸɧɟɜɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɢɥɢɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɚɜɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɢɯ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɢɢɯɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɢɤɟª
>ɋ²@Ⱦɥɹɧɚɲɟɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɨɫɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɢɯ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɨɪɢɤɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɨɬɪɚɠɺɧɜɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭɧɨɨɛɳɟɟɢɡɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɜɤɥɸ
ɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɟɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɬɨ²ɟɺɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɪɨɥɶ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɟɺ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɟɺɩɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚª
ɜɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɆɚɪɬɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ
ɜɩɢɫɶɦɚɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɢɫɶɦɚɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɨɥɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɉɪɢɜɟɞɺɦɞɚɧɧɵɟɫɨɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɩɢɫɟɦɩɨ
ɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɤɨɥɥɟɝɢ
ɦɚɬɶɦɚɦɚɞɚɦɵɠɟɧɵɫɭɩɪɭɝɢɩɨɥɨɜɢ
ɧɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɢɥɢ
ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨɨɱɚɝɚɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɰɵɛɚɛɭɲɤɢɞɨɱɶ
ɞɨɱɟɪɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɚ
ɫɟɫɬɪɵɩɨɞɪɭɝɢɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɋɚɦɵɟɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɟɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɢɫɶɦɚɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɦɨɛɳɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ² ɫɥɟɞɭɸ
ɳɢɟⰂ勛ぴɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɰɵ⚛卭
ɫɨɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵⰂ⛧ぴɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɰɵⱟⱈⅻ
ɫɟɫɬɪɵろニɨɬɜɚɠɧɵɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɧɟɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦ◙扈⮸ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵɧɟɛɚⰂ⚛㉦ɬɨɜɚ
ɪɢɳɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɵⰂⅉɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ㹜⅁
ɦɚɬɶⰂ⏎ɞɨɱɶɞɨɱɟɪɢⱊɠɟɧɵ⚛ℚɤɨɥɥɟɝɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɧɨɦɢ
ɧɚɰɢɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɦɭɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ
ɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɢɦɟɸɬɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɧɨɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɩɨɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɦɭ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭɢɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɟȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɱɚɳɟ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɱɬɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɩɨɞɴɺɦɭɫɬɪɚɧɵɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɥɨɜɚ©ɫɟɫɬɪɵªɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɚɜɬɨɪɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɚɫɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯȼɪɭɫ
ɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɬɚɤɢɟɢɡɧɢɯɤɚɤɞɨɪɨ
ɝɢɟɦɢɥɵɟɧɚɲɢɭɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɟɥɸɛɢɦɵɟ
ȼɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɦ
ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɧɨɦɢɧɚ
ɰɢɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɪɟɠɟɚɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɭɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɞɨɪɨɝɢɟɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɢɧɚɜɬɨɪɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɥ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɟȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɪɟɞɤɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣɞɨɪɨɝɢɟɦɢɥɵɟ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɷɬɢɥɚɫɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɥɢɱɧɵɟɢɥɢɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ
ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟɭɫɢɥɢɹɢɭɫɟɪɞɢɟɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɫɩɟɯɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢȿɳɺɫɬɨɢɬɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨ
ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚȼɊɨɫɫɢɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɭ
ɜɪɚɛɨɬɟɚɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢ
ɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɨɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹɤɨɥɢ
ɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɜɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɪɢɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɜɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚ
ɩɢɫɟɦɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɧɨɦɢ
ɧɚɰɢɢɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɢɡɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɧɚɧɢɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɭɫɩɟɯɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɷɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɫɢɥɚɜɟɪɚ
ɜɫɜɨɢɫɢɥɵɩɨɥɧɚɫɢɥɵɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɢɥɫɢɥɶ
ɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɹɤɞɟɥɭɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɟɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɚ
ɦɵɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɧɵɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɞɚ
ɱɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶɧɟɨɰɟɧɢɦɵɣɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣɜɤɥɚɞ
ɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤɪɭɠɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹɤɚɪɶɟɪɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɬɜɫɜɨɟɣɤɚɪɶɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɚɤɬɢɜ
ɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɢɟɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɧɨɟɢɞɨɛɪɨɫɨ
ɜɟɫɬɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɧɨɦɭɞɟɥɭ ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɟɥɭ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɧɚɪɚɜɧɟɫɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɢ ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɚ²
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ截╳截╂ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ
⋩徰䖽ɜɧɟɫɬɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɟɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ⯚㠦ɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹ 截啵哿啵ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶɜɫɟɫɜɨɢɫɢɥɵɢɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɬɪɭ
ɞɢɬɶɫɹ 㖋㚞ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɶɭɫɢɥɢɹ 㟻₩ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɛɨɬɟ 㜼㜡㻦㻃ɨɛ
ɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɬɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ 扝㘴㖠㒧
ɫɬɨɹɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɦɢɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ⏚㦜⥿楍ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ぴ⇫
䍼㍔ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦ ろニₜ常權䦘
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɧɟɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦ 枟㎞
扪♥ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹɜɩɟɪɺɞ ⻌
㉯勛⸗ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɢɡɨɜɫɟɯɫɢɥ 䓀⼦㟻₩╳╘㟻₩ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ ₜ♾㒥凉䤓₼⧩┪摞㉒嫏ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɟɫɢɥɵ 廀㠿䤓乖䵯ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ
ɧɨɜɭɸɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ⏱
⏱₩ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ↊╂↊㊷
ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹɨɬɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɧɟɫɬɪɚɲɢɬɶɫɹ
ɐɢɧɶɉɚɧɶɩɚɧɶ
ɨɛɢɞ 㞏浧⽿ɜɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɝɨɪɧɭɸɜɟɪ
ɲɢɧɭ ␜⒪∂典ɩɪɟɭɦɧɨɠɢɬɶɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɚɦɵɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɪɭɞɧɵɟɧɨɜɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ 徲↊㉒ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 勛₩拢㉆ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɷɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɚɦɵɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɬɪɭɞɧɵɟɧɨɜɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢ ␜⒪㠿浧ɜɧɨɜɶɞɨ
ɫɬɢɱɶɧɨɜɵɯɜɵɫɨɬ ⯚扪ɭɫɟɪɞɧɨɢɫɦɟɥɨ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɨɛɳɟɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ
ɩɢɫɶɦɚɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɚɨɞɧɨɩɢɫɶ
ɦɨ²ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɜɪɭɫ
ɫɤɢɯ²ɧɚɨɞɧɨɩɢɫɶɦɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭɩɨ
ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɟ
ɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɢɞɟɟɣ
ɬɪɭɞɚɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɞɜɢɝɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɜɧɟɲɧɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɜɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣɨɛɥɢɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹɯɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɹɞɪɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɥɹɨɰɟɧ
ɤɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɢɩɨɱɬɢɜɞɜɚɪɚɡɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɢ
ɧɚ ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɦɟɧɶɲɟɜɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɹɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɰɟɧɤɟɜɧɟɲɧɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɇɨɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɟɪɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢ
ɟɦɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɧɚɩɢɫɟɦɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɩɪɟ
ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɭɥɵɛɤɚɭɥɵɛɱɢɜɚɹ ɨɛɚɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɨɛɚɹɧɢɟɨɛɚɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶɦɨɥɨɞɚɹ ɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɯɪɭɩɤɢɟ
ɩɥɟɱɢɯɪɭɩɤɚɹɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɭɬɨɱɤɭɪɚɧɢ
ɦɚɹ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɣɛɥɟɫɤɜɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɬɺ
ɩɥɵɟɱɭɬɤɢɟɧɟɠɧɵɟɪɭɤɢ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟɝɨɥɨɫɚ
ɢɞɨɛɪɵɟɝɥɚɡɚ ɝɥɚɡɚɫɢɹɸɬ ȼɤɢ
ɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɚ²ɫɨɨɬ
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ歝摖ɢɡɹɳɟɫɬɜɨ ↧楔ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ 初ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ䆑ℽ
ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ 䶠⹈ɭɥɵɛɤɚ㈽䶠ɭɥɵɛɱɢɜɚɹ
ⅉ㫋淔┪ɥɢɱɧɨɟɨɛɚɹɧɢɟ 槢
ɩɪɟɥɟɫɬɧɚɹ 歝㣾兎ɤɚɤɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɣɩɟɣ
ɡɚɠɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ Ⱁ啀⇋
䘘ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɰɜɟɬɤɭɢɹɲɦɟ 㩣㇀䤓匸吏
ɯɪɭɩɤɢɟɩɥɟɱɢ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɂɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɭɩɨɦɢ
ɧɚɟɬɫɹɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɯɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɨɜɪɭɫ
ɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɷɬɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹɱɚɳɟ
ɆɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɤɚɤɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɬɚɤɢɜɄɢɬɚɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦɨɰɟɧɤɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɈɬɥɢɱɢɟ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨɜɨ
ɪɢɬɶɨɬɚɤɢɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɤɚɤ
ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟɞɨɛɪɨɬɚɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɛɵɬɶɦɚ
ɬɟɪɶɸɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɱɚɫɬɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɚɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɦɨɪɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟɫɜɨɣ
ɫɬɜɚɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɚɦɨɨɬɞɚɱɚɫɢɥɶɧɚɹɜɨɥɹɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭɩɨɤɚɠɟɦ
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɟɦ²ɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɠɧɵɟ
ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɦɭɞɪɵɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɛɪɨɬɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɚɦɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɚɹɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɟɪɧɚɹɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɚɹ
ɬɚɥɚɧɬ ɠɟɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɠɟɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ
ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɟ ɱɭɬɤɨɫɬɶɱɭɬɤɚɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɨɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ
ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɳɟɞɪɨɫɬɶ ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɚ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ呹㇉ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɛɵɬɶɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ
呹䵚ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ⯘
䖽ɫɚɦɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ 勹㏶ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ勹欥
ɭɦɧɵɣɭɦ㤉㏶ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ 呹≰ɫɚɦɨɭɜɟ
ɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 呹⺙ɫɚɦɨɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ 䱾
㨐ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ⧩橶ɜɨɥɟɜɚɹ 㓜◝
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɢɬɚɥɚɧɬ 初㉆ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɧɪɚɜ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ≽␊ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ 䂸㩣
ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ㩣初ɧɟɠɧɚɹ㩣橶ɦɹɝɤɨɫɬɶ ⠓ɞɨɛɪɨɬɚ 徳㍯䂸䁠ⳃ哾ɞɨɛɪɨɞɟɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
埨㉒儷德ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ 兕吊ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 位咃ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶ 功㉒兕咃ɬɟɪɩɟɥɢɜɨɢɤɪɨɩɨɬɥɢɜɨ
廐才㢝ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɟ ╳≼ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɜɚɹɢɛɟɪɟɠɥɢɜɚɹ 壩㉒ₙ
扪ɛɵɬɶɫɤɪɨɦɧɵɦɢɢɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹɩɨɫɥɭɠɛɟ
䌄ぶɥɨɜɤɨɫɬɶ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɠɟɧɳɢɧ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹɧɟɯɜɚɥɹɬɠɟɧɳɢɧɡɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɚ
ɢɭɸɬɚɜɫɟɦɶɟɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɞɟɬɟɣ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨɨɱɚɝɚɚɤɢɬɚɣɰɵɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬ
ɬɹɠɺɥɭɸɞɨɦɚɲɧɸɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɠɟɧɳɢɧɜɨɫɩɢɬɚ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɧɢɟɞɟɬɟɣɢɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɞɨɛɪɹɸɬɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɪɨɞɢɬɟ
ɥɟɣɉɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸɏɭɋɹɨɸɷɩɪɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢ
ɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɯɦɢɪɚɜɹɞɟɪɧɨɦɡɨɧɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɹɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɞɥɹɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ²ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɚɦɵɦɜɚɠɧɵɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦɨɰɟɧɤɢɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ>ɋ@ȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ
ɭɦɟɧɢɟɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɭɸɬɜɞɨɦɟɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɞɨɦ
ɭɸɬɨɦɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɜɫɟɦɶɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɭɸɚɬɦɨɫ
ɮɟɪɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɞɟɬɟɣ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɬɟɩɥɨɢɭɸɬɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɨɱɚɝɚɯɪɚ
ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨɨɱɚɝɚ ɡɚɛɨ
ɬɢɬɶɫɹɨɫɟɦɶɟ ɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɠɢɡɧɢ
ɩɨɞɚɪɢɬɶɞɚɬɶɠɢɡɧɶ ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚ
ɰɢɣ⹅ㄼ䞮㿊₼♠㖴⇫䞷ɢɝɪɚɬɶɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶ
ɜɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ⹅ㄼⅧ⒉ℕ截╂ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɦ㕔微怆⹅ㄼ䤓僐䚟ℚ┰
ɜɵɧɟɫɬɢɧɚɫɜɨɣɩɥɟɱɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟɞɟɥɚ 忰劐㔅ㄋɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹɫɬɚɪɵɯɢɜɟɞɹɡɚɪɭɤɭ
ɦɚɥɵɯ㟻␊劐ⅉɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣⷬ
劐䓀⅁ɩɨɱɬɢɬɶɢɥɸɛɢɬɶɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ⺙劐䓀
ㄋɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɤɩɨɠɢɥɵɦɢɡɚɛɨɬɚɨɦɥɚɞɟɧɰɚɯ
⹅ㄼ㶱⃟䤓冣抯劔ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ
ɜɫɟɦɶɟ 嚴抯䂸氷䤓⺞⹅ㄼɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɭɸɬ
ɜɫɟɦɶɟ 䞮✌⃚㹜ɦɚɬɶɠɢɡɧɢ 䞮✌䤓㛖乽ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɶɠɢɡɧɢ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɫɟɦɶɢɢɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɫɟɣɱɚɫɩɪɟ
ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɥɹɬɪɭ
ɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵɭɫɩɟɯɚɞɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɧɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɨɢɢɦɟɬɶɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɭɸɫɟɦɶɸɗɬɚ
ɢɞɟɹɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɢɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɟ
ɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɬɨɟɫɬɶɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɟɦɶɸɢɪɚɛɨɬɭȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚ
ɰɢɣɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɭɫɩɟɲɧɭɸɤɚɪɶɟɪɭɢɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɭɸ
ɫɟɦɶɸɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ
ɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɭɸɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ²ɛɵɬɶɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɢɰɚɦɢɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɨɱɚɝɚɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɧɪɚɜ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜȼɤɢɬɚɣ
ɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɧɨ
ɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ䞷呹む㩣㇀䤓匸吏㖠怆ℕℚ₩✛⹅ㄼ
₳⓾摜㕔ɜɡɜɚɥɢɬɶɧɚɯɪɭɩɤɢɟɠɟɧɫɤɢɟɩɥɟɱɢ
ɬɹɠɺɥɨɟɛɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɫɟɦɶɢ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɦɢɪɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɠɟɧɳɢɧɱɚɫɬɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɫɭɛɴ
ɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɷɦɨɰɢɹɯɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɩɪɟɭɜɟ
ɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɰɟɧɢɦɚɹɛɟɫɰɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɦɩɚɪɚ
ɬɢɜɚɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɦɢɪɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɟɟȺɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɚɜɬɨɪ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶɧɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɉɨɤɚɠɟɦɷɬɨɜɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɟȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɬɪɭɞɧɨɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɪɨɥɶɠɟɧɳɢ
ɧɵɛɟɫɰɟɧɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɦɟɧɹɬɶɦɢɪɤɥɭɱ
ɲɟɦɭɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɦɢɪɢɠɢɡɧɶɱɢɳɟɫɜɟɬɥɟɟɱɭɞɟɫ
ɧɟɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɟɟɞɨɛɪɟɟɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɟɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɟɟ
ɹɪɱɟ ɜɧɟɫɬɢɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɧɟɫɬɢɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢɦɢɪɞɨɛɪɨɬɭɥɸɛɨɜɶɧɚ
ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɦɢɪɤɪɚɫɨɬɨɣɢɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸ ȼ
ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ⋩徰䖽ɜɧɟɫɬɢɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ⒪抯㠿战䏛ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣɧɨɜɵɯɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ♠㖴摜尐ₜ
♾㦎ⅲ䕻䔈⇫䞷ɢɝɪɚɬɶɜɚɠɧɭɸɨɫɨɛɭɸɧɟɩɨ
ɜɬɨɪɢɦɭɸɪɨɥɶ 忱㈦ℕ⺙摜忭崘≰忥
帳♾ɫɧɢɫɤɚɬɶɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɶɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ⻤䯉ℕ哾Ⰼ歝弛哾Ⰼ
ㇱ廰ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɨɛɥɢɤɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ
ɧɨɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ⒪抯ↆ⋋ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɰɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɟɣ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɦɭɠɱɢɧ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɦɭɠɱɢɧ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɨɪɟɞɤɨ²
ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɜɨɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟɡɚɛɨɬɚɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɢɥɸɛɨɜɶɠɟɧɳɢɧɤɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɨɫɨɛɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨɚɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɬɚɤɚɹɨɰɟɧ
ɤɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɱɚɫɬɨɗɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚɚɜ
ɬɨɪɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚɞɢɪɟɤ
ɬɨɪɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɚɧɟɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸ
ɪɨɥɶɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɗɬɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɤɨɦɤɨɥɢ
ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɨɤɚɡɚ
ɬɟɥɟɣ ȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢ
ɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɜɞɨɯɧɨɜ
ɥɹɬɶɧɚɩɨɞɜɢɝɢɩɨɛɟɞɵɫɦɟɥɵɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢɭɫɩɟɯɢ
ɞɚɪɢɬɶɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɡɚɛɨɬɭ
ɭɥɵɛɤɭɥɸɛɨɜɶɫɢɥɭɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɬɟɩɥɨ ɨɩɨɪɚɞɥɹɫɟɦɟɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚɢɨɩɨɪɚɞɥɹɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɫɢɥɶɧɟɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɟɟ ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ
ɐɢɧɶɉɚɧɶɩɚɧɶ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ²ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ
ₗ⮺ㆉ䵚Ⰼ䤓⹅ㄼ㺪⦃ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶɩɪɢɹɬɧɭɸɫɟɦɟɣ
ɧɭɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɞɥɹɦɭɠɚ ɉɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɜɩɢɫɶɦɚɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚ
Ⱦɥɹɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɭɫɩɟɯɚɧɟɨɛ
ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ©ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɢɧɬɟɪɟ
ɫɚɦɢɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ
ɫɬɢɦɵɫɥɢɢɪɟɱɢɡɚɤɨɧɵɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɱɢ
ɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹª>ɋ@
Ɋɚɞɨɫɬɶɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɭɫɩɟɯɢɢɤɪɚɫɨɬɚɹɜ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɛɳɢɦɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɦɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɥɸ
ɛɨɜɶɅɸɛɨɜɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɢɡɚɛɨɬɚɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ²ɷɬɨ
ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɉɪɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɤɢ
ɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɪɨɹɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɥɸɛɨɜɢɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɗɬɨɫɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɥɸɛɨɜɶɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɜɥɢɱɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɡɚɪɚɦɤɢɞɟɥɨ
ɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɌɟɦɵɥɢɱɧɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɨ
ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɬɶɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɑɬɨ
ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚ©ɬɟɩɥɨªɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɬɨɷɬɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶɫɭɪɨɜɵɦɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦɢɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ
ɡɢɦɨɣɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɈɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɤɪɨɦɟ
ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ©ɬɟɩɥɨªɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɢ
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɟɳɺɫɥɨɜɚ©ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹª©ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟª
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɧɨɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɜɟɞɶɭɸɬɢɤɨɦ
ɮɨɪɬɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɦɢɇɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣɥɸɛɨɜɶɛɵɬɶɥɸ
ɛɢɦɵɦɢɢɥɸɛɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɫɱɚɫɬ
ɥɢɜɵɣ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɜɟɫɟɥɶɟɜɟɫɟɥɨ
ɜɟɫɺɥɵɣɫɦɟɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ
ɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟɦɢɪɜɞɨɦɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ
ɩɨɤɨɣɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɡɚɢ
ɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɺɩɥɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ
ɭɥɵɛɤɢɬɟɩɥɨɧɚɫɟɪɞɰɟɜɤɪɭɝɭɛɥɢɡɤɢɯɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢɭɞɚɱɚ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɢɡɚɛɨɬɚ
ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɛɵɬɶɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɦɢ
ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɚɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɸɬ
ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦ
ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶɦɨɥɨɞɚɹ ɪɨɠɞɚ
ɸɬɫɹɩɥɚɧɵɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɩɥɚɧɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ
ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɶɦɚ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ
㉺⃟ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ 唑㡴㉺⃟ɜɟɫɺɥɵɣɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ唑㡴㎘㉺
ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɣɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ䶠♲デɱɚɫɬɨɭɥɵɛɚɬɶɫɹ
⚗⹅㶱⃟ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɜɫɟɦɶɟ梥⹅㶱⃟ɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɹɪɚ
ɞɨɫɬɶ ㄇ䰞ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ⹅ㄼㄇ䰞ɫɟɦɟɣ
ɧɨɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ梥⹅ㄇ䰞ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɜɫɟɯɱɥɟɧɨɜɫɟɦɶɢ
䞮㿊ㄇ䰞ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɚɹɠɢɡɧɶ 愺⇢⋴ㅆ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ぴ⇫ɭɫɩɟɯɢɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ ぴ⇫欉Ⓒ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚℚ₩扪㷴ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ
ɜɪɚɛɨɬɟℚ₩战䏛ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟɭɫɩɟɯɢぴ⇫欉
㉒ɭɞɚɱɢɜɪɚɛɨɬɟぴ⇫㎘㉺ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɭɞɨɜɨɥɶ
ɫɬɜɢɟɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɵ 槡㢴㻇洊ɜɟɱɧɚɹ
ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ 䆑ℽ初ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ
ₖℚⰑ㎞ɜɫɟɝɨɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ⹅ㄼ✛
䧵ɦɢɪɜɫɟɦɶɟ ⸘ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɨɮɢ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚɦɟɬɚɮɨɪ
Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ©ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɩɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª>ɋ@
ɧɨɢɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦɢɜɟɪ
ɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ>ɋ@
ȼɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɢɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɬɨɛɳɢɟɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɪɢɫɭɸɳɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɵɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ²ɰɜɟɬɨɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ²ɫɨɤɪɨɜɢɳɟ
ɢɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟȼɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɭɩɨɞɨɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɫɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɭɯɚɧɢɸɜɟɫ
ɧɵɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ²ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ²䘘ɹɲɦɚɢɧɟɮɪɢɬ
䞮✌䤓㛖乽ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɶɠɢɡɧɢ厙㬐ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɬɨɥɛ◙扈⮸ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚɧɟɛɚ歝㣾兎ɩɟɣɡɚɠ⮹
棂ɫɨɥɧɰɟəɲɦɚɢɧɟɮɪɢɬɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨ
ɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɞɨɛɪɨɞɟɬɟɥɶ
ɱɢɫɬɭɸɞɭɲɭɉɪɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɢɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ
ɨɧɢɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɭɸɩɪɟɥɟɫɬɧɭɸɢɡɭɦɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɠɟɧɳɢɧɭɩɨɞɨɛɧɭɸ
ɰɜɟɬɤɭɢɹɲɦɟ ɧɟɮɪɢɬɭ ɉɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɜɵɜɨɞ
ɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɢɫɶɦɨɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɆɚɪɬɚɨɛɪɚ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɦ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚª
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɢɦɟɟɬɤɚɤɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟɬɚɤɢɞɢɮɮɟ
ɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ
ȼɹɞɪɟɩɨɥɹɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɪɭɫ
ɫɤɢɯɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɟɟ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɩɨɥɹ²ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɢɪɨɥɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɜɫɟ
ɦɶɟɤɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢ
ɪɭɸɳɢɟɜɤɥɚɞɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ȼɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɫɤɨɥɶ
ɤɨɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɦɭɜɹɞɪɟɩɨɥɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵɧɨɦɢ
ɧɚɰɢɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɧɚɢɯɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɩɨɥɹ²ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɚɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɞɟɥɨɜɨɦɩɢɫɶɦɟɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɆɚɪɬɚ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɨɤɨɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɩɨɥɹɡɚ
ɧɢɦɚɸɬɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɨɛɥɢɤɚɢɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ
ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢɩɨɥɹɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫɥɨɜɚ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɧɚɦɭɠɱɢɧ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȼɢɧɨɤɭɪɌȽȽɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɣɢɫɥɭɲɚɸɳɢɣȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɌȽȼɢɧɨɤɭɪ²Ɇɇɚ
ɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȼɨɥɶɮȿɆɎɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚɨɰɟɧɤɢȿɆȼɨɥɶɮ²ɆȿɞɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɍɊɋɋ²ɫ
ɂɫɫɟɪɫɈɋɊɟɱɟɜɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɭɱɟɛɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɈɋɂɫɫɟɪɫ²ɆɎɥɢɧɬɚɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ɄɚɪɚɫɢɤȼɂɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɵɜɹɡɵɤɟȼɂɄɚɪɚɫɢɤəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɵ²ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɚ²²ɋ²
ɅɚɤɨɮɮȾɠȾɠɨɧɫɨɧɆɆɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɦɵɠɢɜɟɦɩɨɞɪɟɞȺɇȻɚɪɚɧɨɜɚ²Ɇȿɞɢɬɨ
ɪɢɚɥɍɊɋɋ²ɫ
ɆɚɫɥɨɜɚȼȺȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɭɸɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɭȼȺɆɚɫɥɨɜɚ²ɆɎɥɢɧɬɚɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ɆɢɯɚɥɶɫɤɚɹȺɄɈɫɧɨɜɵɪɢɬɨɪɢɤɢɆɵɫɥɶɢɫɥɨɜɨȺɄɆɢɯɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ²Ɇɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ²
²ɋ²
ɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚɅȻəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɨɛɪɚɡɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɨɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɅȻɇɢɤɢɬɢɧɚȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɎɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ²²ʋ ȼɵɩ
²ɋ²
ɋɟɪɥɶȾɠɊɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɢɥɥɨɤɭɬɢɜɧɵɯɚɤɬɨɜȾɠɊɋɟɪɥɶɇɨɜɨɟɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ
>ɋɛɫɬ@²ȼɵɩɌɟɨɪɢɹɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɚɤɬɨɜ²Ɇɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ²ɋ²
ɋɟɪɥɶȾɠɊɑɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɚɤɬ"ȾɠɊɋɟɪɥɶɇɨɜɨɟɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟȼɵɩ
ɌɟɨɪɢɹɪɟɱɟɜɵɯɚɤɬɨɜɈɛɳɪɟɞȻɘȽɨɪɨɞɟɰɤɨɝɨɆɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ²²ɋ²
ɏɨɪɟɲɤɨɈɇɀɚɧɪɨɜɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɥɢɰɚȺɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ
Ɉɇɏɨɪɟɲɤɨ²ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ²ɫ
ɏɭɋɹɨɫɸɷɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ©ɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɜɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɝɥɹɧɰɟɜɵɯɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯ
ɏɭɋɹɨɫɸɷȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹȼɵɩ ɉɟɪɦ
ɝɨɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɉɟɪɦɶ²²ɋ²
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɐɢɧɶɉɚɧɶɩɚɧɶ²ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɟɝɨɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ
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ʋ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢȼɵɩɋ²
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ȻȻɄ
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ȽȿɇȾȿɊɇȺəȺɋɂɆɆȿɌɊɂəȼɉȿɑȺɌɇɕɏɋɆɂ
ɇȺɐɵɛɢɧɚȺȺɅɭɤɶɹɧɨɜɚ
ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɇȺȾɨɛɪɨɥɸɛɨɜɚɇɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɊɨɫɫɢɹ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɩɪɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɜɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯɋɆɂȺɧɚɥɢɡɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɬɚɤɤɚɤɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɝɟɧɞɟɪ
ɧɵɯɥɚɤɭɧɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɥɢɛɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɠɟɧɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧ
ɬɨɜɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɦɟɬɚɝɟɧɞɟɪ
ɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟɥɚɤɭɧɵɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɟɧɞɟɪɚ
ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɢɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɭɞɢɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɬ
ɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɜɫɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɟɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɩɨ
ɥɢɬɢɤɟɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɨɲɢɛɨɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɨɥɨɦɈɞɧɚɤɨɜɨɜɫɟɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯɩɪɢɧɹ
ɬɨɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɩɨɥɚɦɢ>ɋ@
Ʉɚɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɚɢɥɢɢɧɚɹɱɟɪɬɚɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɱɢɧɚ
ɟɬɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɩɨɥɨɦɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɚɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹɨɬ
ɧɟɟɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɊɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ
Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟɪɨɥɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɦɭɠɱɢɧɢɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɟɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ
ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɜɵɬɟɫ
ɧɹɥɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɢɡɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɥɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɟɛɹ
ɜ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɧɚɛɥɸ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟ
ɪɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɶɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɥɢɞɢ
ɪɭɸɳɭɸɪɨɥɶɱɚɳɟɢɝɪɚɸɬɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɇȼ
Ȼɭɲɭɟɜɨɣ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ
ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɩɨɥɚ > ɋ @
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚɤɚɤɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɬɚɤɢ
ɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɭɸɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɭɦɟɧɢɟɦɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɄɚɤɨɬ
ɦɟɱɚɸɬɦɧɨɝɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɥɢɞɟɪɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɧɚɫɬɚɥ
ɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɪɨɥɢɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɩɨ
ɥɢɬɢɤɚɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɬɶɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɪɨɥɢɢɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɬɫɹ
ɨɬɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚɞɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɪɚɞɢ
ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɯɟɦɵɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɷɬɨɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɤɚɤɧɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɥɭɠɛɟɬɚɤɢɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɜɨɸɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɤɬɨɦɭɢɥɢɢɧɨɦɭɩɨɥɭɧɨɜɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟɛɵɬɶɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɨɜɵɦ>ɋ@
Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹ
ɧɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɜɢɞɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɤɭɧɤɨɝɞɚ
ɜɹɡɵɤɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢ
ɛɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɹȺɧɚɥɢɡɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯɥɚɤɭɧɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɱɬɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɨɬɢ
ɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢ
ɧɚɦɢ>ɋ@ȼɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬ
ɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɹɯ
ɤɨɝɞɚɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɦɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɦɟɧɢɛɵɥɢ
ɥɢɛɨ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ELVKRS ɥɢɛɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ
PLGZLIH ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɮɟɦɢɧɢɫɬɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢ
ɫɬɢɤɢɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɤɪɢɬɢɤɟɚɧɞɪɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɢɡɦɹɡɵɤɚɱɬɨɧɚɲɥɨɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɜɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɫɥɨɜɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ȼ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɱɬɨɞɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɫɢɦɦɟ
ɬɪɢɱɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣȿɋȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɱɟ
ɬɵɪɟɬɢɩɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɢɡɡɚɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɪɢɧɰɢ
ɩɨɜɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɧɵɯɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɟɦɚɪɤɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɯɱɥɟɧɨɜɜɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɯɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢɪɨɞɨɜɵ
ɦɢɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ ©ɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɟªɧɟɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɫɭɛ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɧɟɢɦɟɟɬɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɚ
ɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɪɨɞɚɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɵɯ
ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜɢɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣɧɟɢɦɟ
ɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɚ ɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ
² SROLWLFLDQ SUHVLGHQW SULPHPLQLVWHU JRYHUQRU
VHQDWRUFRQJUHVVPDQPD\RUɂɡɷɬɢɯɅȿɬɨɥɶɤɨ
“FRQJUHVVPDQ´ɢ³PD\RU´ɢɦɟɸɬɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ²³FRQJUHVVZRPDQ´ɢ³PD\RUHVV´
ȼɩɚɪɟɅȿ³JRYHUQRU´²³JRYHUQHVV´ɢɦɟɟɬɦɟɫɬɨ
ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜɝɞɟ³JRYHUQRU´² DSHUVRQ
ZKRLVWKHR൶FLDOKHDGRIDFRXQWU\RUUHJLRQWKDW
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FKRVHQWREHLQFKDUJHRIWKHJRYHUQPHQWRIDVWDWHLQ
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>@ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɵSHUVRQɜɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢȺ
ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ³JRYHUQHVV´ɢɦɟɟɬɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɸ²DZRP
DQHPSOR\HGWRWHDFKWKHFKLOGUHQRIDULFKIDPLO\LQ
WKHLUKRPHDQGWROLYHZLWKWKHP>@
ȼɹɡɵɤɚɯɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɪɭɫ
ɫɤɨɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɪɹɞɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɤɨɝɞɚɦɭɠɫɤɨɟ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɢɰ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ
ɧɨɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢɢɥɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɚɠɟɧ
ɫɤɨɟ²ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɭɸɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɭɸɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ>ɋ@ȼɝɟɧ
ɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɯ ©ɜɪɚɱ ² ɜɪɚɱɢɯɚª ©ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ²
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɲɚªɠɟɧɫɤɨɟɢɦɹɧɟɫɟɬɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɭɸɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸȼɩɚɪɟ³PD\RU²PD\
RUHVV´ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜ
ɧɚɹɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɏɨɬɹɜɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ
“PD\RUHVV´ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤ³D
ZRPDQZKRKDVEHHQHOHFWHGPD\RU´>@ɷɬɚɅȿɩɟɪ
ɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɢɦɟɥɚɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɸ³WKHZLIHRIDPD\RU
RUDZRPDQZKRKHOSVDPD\RUDWR൶FLDOFHUHPRQLHV´
>@ȼɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯɩɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɊɅɚɤɨɮɮ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇȺɐɵɛɢɧɚȺȺɅɭɤɶɹɧɨɜɚ
ɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɢɫ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɤɚɤɢɯɠɟɧɵ>ɋ@ɉɨɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɜɨ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɹɫɟɛɹɜ
ɪɚɦɤɚɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɵɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɫɱɢ
ɬɚɸɬɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɨɜɨɝɨɢɦɟɧɢɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɟɝɨɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɚɱɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɧɟɚɜɬɨ
ɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɩɩɨ
ɡɢɰɢɢ©ɦɭɠɫɤɨɟ²ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟªɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɜɨɫ
ɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɧɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɦɭɠ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɮɟɪɚɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴ
ɟɤɬɨɦɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ
ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧ
ɬɨɜɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɫɮɟɪɟɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɥɚɤɭɧɵ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵ ɮɟɦɢ
ɧɢɫɬɫɤɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ
ɨɩɵɬ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɧɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɦɨɝɭɬɧɟɫɬɢɭɧɢɱɢɠɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɭɸɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸɀɟɧɳɢɧɵɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɩɨɫɬ
ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɫɟɧɚɬɨɪɚɢɬɞ ɧɟɡɚɯɨɬɹɬɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ©ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ
ɲɚª²³SUHVLGHQWHVV´ ©ɫɟɧɚɬɨɪɲɚª²³VHQDWUHVV´ Ʌɟɤɫɟɦɵɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɹɜ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɨɬɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɦɭɠ
ɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɄɚɤ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬȿɋȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɟ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɹ³FKDLUZRP
DQ´ɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɦɟɟɬɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸɤɡɚɦɟɧɟ
ɧɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ³FKDLU´ɢɥɢ³FKDLUSHUVRQ´
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ɫɤɚɹɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟ
ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɧɨɪɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹɫɬɚɬɶɹɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɋɆɂ ɢ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɟɧɞɟɪɚ
Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹ
ɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɜɩɪɟɞɜɵɛɨɪɧɨɣɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧɢɝɪɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɪɨɥɶɞɥɹɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢȽɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɟɧɢɜɟ
ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɞɱɟɪ
ɤɧɭɬɶɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɩɨɥɢɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɢɞɠɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨ
ȽɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɜɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯɋɆɂ
ɡɧɚɧɢɢ²ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɬɨɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɢɡɧɚ
ɤɚɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɢɥɚɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
²ɜɫɟɬɨɱɬɨɜɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɩɪɢɩɢ
ɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɣɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɚɧɨ
ɜɢɬɫɹɠɟɥɚɟɦɵɦɢɱɟɪɬɚɦɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɟɹɬɟ
ɥɹɀɟɧɳɢɧɵɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɹɤɚɤɜɧɟɲ
ɧɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɛɚɪɶɟɪɵɬɚɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟɛɚ
ɪɶɟɪɵɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɬɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɜɨɥɟɜɵɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɦ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɧɢɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɫɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɦɭɠ
ɱɢɧɵɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɦɟɧɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟ
ɧɢ²ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢȼɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɚɧɟɪɚ ɨɞɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɧɚ
ɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ Ȼ Ɉɛɚɦɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɦɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟ
ɦɨɦɭ©ɬɟɫɬɭɧɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶªȼɬɚɤɨɦɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɹɜɥɹɟɬ
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ɞɚɬɚɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ ɠɟɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɭ ɦɭɠɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢȾɥɹɞɢɫɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚɦɭɠ
ɱɢɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɬɢɤɚɞɟɦɚɫɤɭɥɢɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɬ ɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜ
ɧɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɦɢɞɠɚɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɵɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɏɢɥɚɪɢ
Ʉɥɢɧɬɨɧ ² Ⱦɨɧɚɥɶɞ Ɍɪɚɦɩ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɨ ɠɟɧ
ɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɜɵɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɏ Ʉɥɢɧɬɨɧ ɫɬɚɜɲɟɣ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣɜȺɦɟɪɢɤɟɛɚɥɥɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣ
ɫɹɧɚɩɨɫɬɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɌɨɠɟɫɚɦɨɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫɢɫɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚɦɢ
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɜ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ
ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɵ
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ɋɆɂɜɟɞɟɬɫɹɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɢɯ©OLNHDELOLW\ª
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Ʉɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɵɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɞɢɥɟɦɦɨɣɢɦ
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ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɱɬɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜZRPDQɢɥɢIHPDOHɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɛɢɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɋɆɂ
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ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɜɩɪɟɞ
ɜɵɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɞɥɹɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɬɟɥɶ
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Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯɥɚɤɭɧɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɋɆɂɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɫɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦZRPDQɥɢɛɨɞɨɛɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚIHPDOHɩɟɪɟɞɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦɢɫɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ
ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɟɣɈɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɟɤɫɟɦɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ²HVVɧɟɛɵɥɨɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜɩɨɥɚZRPDQ
ɢɥɢIHPDOH ɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɨɛɴ
ɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɥɢɬɢ
ɤɨɜɎɟɧɨɦɟɧɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɛɨ
ɥɟɟɷɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɹɫɶɤɚɤɤɪɢɬɢɤɟɬɚɤ
ɢɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɸȼɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɩɪɨɫɥɟ
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ɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɭɬɟɦɷɤɫɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɩɨɥɚɱɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɫ
ɧɨɜɧɵɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɜɩɨɥɢ
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɉɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɬɭɫɮɟɪɭɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɮɟɦɢɧɢɫɬɫɤɚɹɤɪɢ
ɬɢɤɚɹɡɵɤɚɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɠɟɧɫɤɢɯɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚ
ȽɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɹɜɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯɋɆɂ
ɢɦɢɞɠɠɟɧɳɢɧɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɜɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ
ɧɢɦɨɜɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɤɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɭɠɟɧɳɢɧɟɫɱɢ
ɬɚɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɨɩɨɜɵ
ɲɚɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɢɦɦɟ
ɬɪɢɢɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ
ɫɭɛɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪ
ɫɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɬɚɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɵȺɧɚɥɢɡ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯɋɆɂɫɜɢɞɟ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȻɭɲɭɟɜɚɇȼɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨɢɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚɇȼȻɭɲɭɟɜɚȼɥɚɫɬɶ²
ʋ²²ɋ²
ȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨȿɋəɡɵɤȽɟɧɞɟɪȾɢɫɤɭɪɫȿɋȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ²ɇɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɢɡɞɜɨɇɇȽɍ
ɢɦɇɂɅɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ²ɫ
ȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨȿɋɅɚɥɟɬɢɧɚȺɈɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚɆȼȽɟɧɞɟɪɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟȿɋȽɪɢɰɟɧɤɨ
ȺɈɅɚɥɟɬɢɧɚɆȼɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚɄɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ²ɇɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɇȽɅɍɢɦɇȺȾɨɛɪɨɥɸ
ɛɨɜɚ²ɫ
ɄɢɪɢɥɢɧɚȺȼȽɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟȺȼɄɢɪɢɥɢɧɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɭɤɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ²ʋ²²ɋ²
ɄɢɪɢɥɥɨɜɚɈɘɄɭɤɭɲɤɢɧɚȺȽȽɟɧɞɟɪɤɚɤɫɥɨɠɧɵɣɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣɜɦɭɠɫɤɢɯɢɠɟɧɫɤɢɯɪɨɥɹɯɈɘɄɢɪɢɥɥɨɜɚȺȽɄɭɤɭɲɤɢɧɚȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɫɛɧɚɭɱɫɬɑɭɜɚɲɝɨɫɩɟɞɭɧɬ²ɑɟɛɨɤɫɚɪɵ
²ɋ²
ɅɚɤɨɮɮɊəɡɵɤɢɦɟɫɬɨɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɊɅɚɤɨɮɮȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ²ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ
²ɋ²
ɇɚɞɟɟɜȽȺɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢɧɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɟȽȺɇɚɞɟɟɜ
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ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕȾȼɍəɁɕɑɂəɂɌɊȿɏɔəɁɕɑɂə ɇȺɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ
əɁɕɄɈȼɈɃɋɂɌɍȺɐɂɂȼɂɇȾɂɂ
ȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɊɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɇɚɨɫ
ɧɨɜɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɂɧɞɢɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɫɥɚɛɨɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɜɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɣɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɜɵɲɟ
ɧɢɹɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɩɨɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɫɬɚɝɧɚɰɢɹɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɭɤɢɠɚɧɪɨɜɫɬɢɥɟɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧɤɚɯɢɧɞɢɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɐɟɥɶɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɫɬɚɬɶɢ²ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶɫɨ
ɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱ
ɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɢɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɪɨɫɬɨɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧɤɚ
ɜɬɨɦɜɢɞɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɨɧɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɢɮɭɧɤ
ɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɆɟɬɨɞɵɧɚɲɟɝɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɜɯɨɞɹ
ɳɢɯɜ©ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹªɢ©ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣªɤɪɭɝɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤɥɢɧɝɜɚɮɪɚɧ
ɤɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɧɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɞɟ
ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɝɨɪɨɫɬɚɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ
ɢɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢɢɯɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɪɨɞɧɨɣɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɆɵɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶɟɫɬɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨɜɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɷɧɞɨɝɥɨɫɫɢɟɣ
ɤɨɝɞɚɹɡɵɤɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɫɬɚɧɨ
ɜɢɬɫɹɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶ
ɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɪɢɬɨɦɱɬɨɹɡɵɤɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹɢɪɚɡ
ɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɜɫɟɯɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟª ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɩɪɟɫɫɚɧɚɭɤɚɬɟɚɬɪɤɢɧɨɢɩɪɨɱ Ɍɚɤɨɟɞɜɭ
ɹɡɵɱɢɟɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɧɚɥɚɝɚɟɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɛɪɟɦɹɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɧɚɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɦ
ɢɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɦɚɠɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɛɢɥɢɧɝ
ɜɨɜɧɨɨɧɨɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɢɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɤɚɤɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɰɟɥɟɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢɩɨɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜ
ɂɧɨɟɞɟɥɨ²ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɤɨɝɞɚ
ɪɚɧɟɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɚ
ɬɭɫɞɨɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɌɚɤɨɟɞɜɭɯɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɭɠɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɛɪɟɦɟ
ɧɟɦɤɨɝɞɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ
ɛɭɞɟɬɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɶɥɢɛɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɨɞɧɨ
ɦɭɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɥɢɛɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɬɚɤɠɟɬɨɱɬɨɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɬɪɟɯɴ
ɹɡɵɱɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɷɤɡɨɝɥɨɫɫɧɵɦɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɱɭɠɭɸɢɱɭɠɞɭɸɜɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɢɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɚɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɗɬɢɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɜɵɞɜɢɝɚ
ɸɬɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵɢɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɫɬɚ
ɬɶɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯȼɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɜɨɞɨɛɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɦɩɭɬɢɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɂɫɚɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞɤɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ
ɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɧɚɭɱɧɭɸɧɨɜɢɡɧɭɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɱɧɵɣɧɚɲɜɤɥɚɞɜɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
Ɍɪɟɧɞɨɦɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɜɦɨɧɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɦɨɧɨɩɨ
ɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨOLQJXDIUDQFD
ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɟɦɭɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɫɪɟɞɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɦɢɪɚɉɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹ
ɢɬɪɺɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹɧɚɛɭɞɭɳɟɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ
ɛɟɡɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɭɪɫɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɭɤɢ
ɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨɛɭɞɭɬɢɦɟɬɶɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɫɜɨɟɝɨɤɨɞɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɣɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɝɭɦɚ
ɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɨɫɜɨɟɣɫɭɬɢɷɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɚɹɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɬɨ©ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɪɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɂɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ
ɜɫɟɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɟɜɵɣɬɢɧɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɫɬɚɬɶɜɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɨɩɰɢɟɣ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɨɣɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɣɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɢɥɢɞɚɠɟ©ɷɥɢ
ɬɚɪɧɵɣɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦªª>@Ɍɚɤɨɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɦɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɨɞɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ
ɦɟɧɹɟɬɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɭɸɫɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɫɢ
ɬɭɚɰɢɸɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɬɨɟɫɬɶ
ɦɟɧɹɟɬɮɢɝɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɜɵɪɚɠɚɹɫɶɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɗɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɬɟɦɱɬɨ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɛɨɥɟɟɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɜɧɚ
ɱɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɞɪɭɝɢɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɦɢɪɚ
ɨɧɚɢɦɟɟɬɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɬɶɦɟɫɬɧɵɟɹɡɵɤɢ
ɢɡ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɇɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɪɹɞɚɜɟɤɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢɜɨɟɧɧɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɤɨɥɨ
ɧɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɚɯɜɚɬɚɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɥɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɜɥɢɹɥɧɚɹɡɵɤɢɢɫɚɦɭɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ
ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜȼɩɨɫɬɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɷɩɨɯɭɨɧɨɮɢ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɩɟɪɜɵɦɥɢɛɨɜɬɨɪɵɦɢɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɧɚɦɧɨɝɢɯɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯɡɟɦɥɹɯ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɢɡɦɢɬɪɟɯɴɹ
ɡɵɱɢɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɢɫɶɢɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɟɛɵɥɢɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪȻɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɚɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
ɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɧɚɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯȾɭɦɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɥɶɡɹɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɬɶɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɬɚɤɢɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɨɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɤɚɤɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɥɚɧɞ
ɲɚɮɬɚɢɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɦɧɨɝɨ
ȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɷɬɧɨɫɨɜɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɂɧɞɢɢ
ɧɚɫɚɧɫɤɪɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɜȿɜɪɨɩɟ
©ɦɨɞɵªɧɚɷɬɨɬɹɡɵɤ ɢɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ>@ɂɥɢ
ɤɚɡɭɫɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɭɥɶɬɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɢɡɦɚɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɢɹ
ɜȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹɦɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ
ɞɢɥɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɝɟɧɨɰɢɞ
ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɡɨɧɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɟɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢɢɧɟɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹɰɟɥɶɸɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɢɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɧɚɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɢɫ
ɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɧɚɭɤɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜȺɮɪɢɤɟɢɜɘɝɨ
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣȺɡɢɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɂɧɞɢɸɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɫɬɚɪɲɢɯɤɥɚɫɫɚɯɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɲɤɨɥɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɚɜɜɵɫɲɢɯɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɡɚ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ²ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
>ɋ²@ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɜɩɨɫɬɤɨɥɨɧɢ
ɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚ
ɭɤɚɯɩɢɲɭɬɫɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɷɬɚɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɞɧɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɣɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɢɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ
ɬɚɟɬɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɌɚɤɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɟ
ɳɟɣɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɧɚɭɤɢ
ɧɚɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɚɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɚɹɢɧɬɟɪ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɧɚɭɤɢɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹɢɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɹ
ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɜɟɞɟɬɤɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɸɧɚ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɭɩɪɨɱɟɧɢɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɪɨ
ɞɨɜɆɟɫɬɧɵɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɱɚɫɬɨɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɧɚɫɚɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɬɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɜɚɧɝɥɨ
ɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɦɢɪɟɥɢɛɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶ
ɧɨɟɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ
ɇɚɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ²
ɜɚɠɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɧɚɞɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢɫɬɪɚɧɦɢɪɚɡɚɤɪɟ
ɩɥɹɸɳɟɟɦɢɪɨɜɭɸɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɸ
ɇɟɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɨɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɢɯɤɭɪɨɜɧɸɷɤɡɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢȿɳɟɱɚɳɟ
ɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɟɫɸɠɟɬɵɦɨɬɢɜɵɬɟɦɵɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɢɝɟɪɨɢɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɲɚɛɥɨ
ɧɚɦɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢɜɚɧɝɥɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɦɦɢɪɟɢɪɚɫ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɨɜɫɟɦɭɦɢɪɭɉɪɟɫɫɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɤɭɪɨɜɧɸ©ɷɬɧɨɷɤɡɨɬɢɤɢªɢɥɢɭɧɢɮɢ
ɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɱɟɪɩɚɹɫɸɠɟɬɵɢɡɨɞɧɢɯɢɬɟɯɠɟɡɚ
ɩɚɞɧɵɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜȺɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɚɹɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɚɦ©ɤɨɞªɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɭɰɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɩɚɜɲɢɯɜɡɨɧɭɟɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɂɧɞɢɢ
ɋɨɡɞɚɟ ɬ ɫɹ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧ ɢɟ ɱ ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɩ ɵ ɬ ɤɟ
ɭ ɜɟɤɨɜɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɧ ɝɥɢɣɫɤ ɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɦɢ ɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɭ ɪɧɚ ɹ ɞ ɭ ɯɨɜɧɨɦɢ ɪɨɜɨɡ
ɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɦɢɪɟɹɡɵɤɨɦɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɚɹɟɳɟȼȽɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬɨɦɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɗɬɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢɬɚɤɢɥɢ
ɢɧɚɱɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɟɟɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɂɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɫɚɦɨɝɨɞɢɫɤ ɭɪɫɢɜɧɨɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɦɚɬɟ
ɪɢɚɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨɜɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨ
ɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɨɞɧɨɛɨɤɨɫɬɶɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɜɢɩɨɫɨɛɢɣɢɡ
ɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯɜɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɤɨɧ
ɰɟɩɰɢɢ©ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤɬɨɜɚɪɚª (QJOLVK$V
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Ʉɚɤɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢɢɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɟɝɨɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɥɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɫɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɯ
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟɡɚɫɱɟɬɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɩɨ
ɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɨɪɮɨɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ
Ɂɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɢɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɭɥ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɟɣɥɢɛɨɤɚɥɶɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢ
ɟɦ ɢɡɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɟɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɪɨɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɞɚɠɟɢɡ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟɧɚɥɚɬɢ
ɧɢɰɟɑɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɬɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ²ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɫɱɟɪɬɚɦɢɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ²ɩɪɨ
ɳɟɦɧɨɝɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɨɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɸ
ɢɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɢɟɝɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɷɪɨɡɢɢɢɯɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɬɢɤɢȼɷɬɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɥɨɝɢɤɨ
ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɟɢɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɨɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢ
ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣȺɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɚɧɨɧɵɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ©ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɸªɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɯɫɬɢɥɟɣɜɬɱɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɨɬɤɚɡɨɦɨɬɜɵ
ɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɚɮɨɫɚɜɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɪɤɨɣ
ɢɞɢɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ²
ɨɬɤɚɡɨɬɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚȼɷɬɨɦɩɥɚɧɟ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɨɜɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ
ɱɪɟɜɚɬɭɬɪɚɬɨɣɪɹɞɚɫɨɸɡɨɜɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯɩɪɢ
ɱɢɧɧɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɢɩɪɨɱɢɟɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢ
ɢɡɛɟɝɚɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯɜɤɧɢɠɧɨɦɫɬɢɥɟ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɫɢɧɬɚɤ
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ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
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ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɬɟɚɬɪɚɧɚɢɫ
ɤɨɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɜɡɨɧɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɜɥɢ
ɹɧɢɹɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɩɪɟɫɫɵ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɭɤɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨɩɨɫɬɟ
ɩɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɢɯɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɯɪɚɡ
ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɧɚɭɤɢɧɚɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ
ȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ>@ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɛyɥɶɲɭɸɩɨɫɪɚɜ
ɧɟɧɢɟɦɫɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɦɩɥɢ
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ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɸɱɚɫɬɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɚɦɨ
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ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢɦɟɠɞɭɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
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ɬɚɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɜɜɨɞɧɵɟɨɛɨ
ɪɨɬɵɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɧɚɬɨɬɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɬɢɩɫɜɹɡɢª©Ⱦɥɹ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɫɜɵɲɟɨɛɳɟɝɨɱɢɫɥɚɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜɬɟɤɫɬɟȼɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɱɢɫɥɨɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɣɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨ Ʉɚɤɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶɜɵɲɟ
ɜɨɛɨɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɧɚɞɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɗɬɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭɫɬɢɥɸɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɝɞɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɨɱɟɧɶ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨªɋɯɨɞɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɫɬɢ
ɥɸɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ©ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɤɪɚɬɤɢɯ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ²ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣªɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɬɢɥɟɣɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɧɨɫɢɬ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɧɢɠɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ©ɫɱɚɫɬɵɦɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ
ɧɢɣɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɢɞɟɟɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ«Ɉɫɨɛɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɧɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɷɬɢɯɫɬɢɥɟɣ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɜɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɨɬ
ɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɵɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɨɜ ɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɜɰɟɥɹɯɩɨɥɢɧɢɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɨɬɵɦɟɧ
ɧɵɯɫɨɸɡɨɜ ɜɜɢɞɭɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɫɬɟɦ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɫɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɩɨɦɨɳɶɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɩɪɢ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ «ª
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɫɢɧ
ɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɬɞɌɚɤɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟ
ɧɢɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚɧɚɪɭɛɟɠɟ
;,;²;;ɜɜɤɊɨɫɫɢɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɜɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɟɞ;,;ɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸɫɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɧɟɦɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɫ ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɢȺɄɭɧɚɧɛɚɟɜɂȺɥɬɵɧɫɚɪɢɧ
ɑȼɚɥɢɯɚɧɨɜɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɡɚ
ɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢɷɩɨɫɢɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ
ɞɟɧɢɹɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣȺɡɢɢɊɨɫɫɢɢȿɜɪɨɩɵɫɨɡɞɚɜɚ
ɥɢɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɧɚɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯȼ;,;²;;ɜɜɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɚɤɵɧɵɆɍɬɟɦɢɫɨɜɒɀɚɪɵɥɝɚɫɨɜɋȺɪɨɧɨɜ
ȾȻɚɛɚɬɚɟɜɒɄɚɧɚɟɜɆɆɨɧɤɟɟɜȻɄɨɠɚɝɭɥɨɜ
ȺɇɚɣɦɚɧɛɚɟɜɋɌɚɫɬɚɧɛɟɤɨɜɚȺɄɨɪɚɦɫɢɧ
ɀɆȻɚɣɠɚɧɨɜȾɠȾɠɚɛɚɟɜɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣɩɟ
ɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɥ ɩɥɟɹɞɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ
ȽɆɭɫɬɚɮɢɧɋɆɚɭɥɟɧɨɜɀɆɭɥɞɚɝɚɥɢɟɜ
ɆȺɭɷɡɨɜȺɇɭɪɩɟɢɫɨɜɌȺɯɬɚɧɨɜȾȾɨɫɠɚɧɨɜ
ɈɋɭɥɟɣɦɟɧɨɜɋɆɭɤɚɧɨɜɆɄɚɪɚɬɚɟɜɢɞɪ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟɢɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢ
ɢɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤȺȻɚɣɬɭɪɫɭɧɨɜ ɜɧɟɫ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɣɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɨɩɢɫɚɥɤɚɡɚɯ
ɫɤɭɸɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɭ ɇȺȻɚɫɤɚɤɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢ
ɪɨɜɚɥɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɧɨɜɵɣɚɥɮɚɜɢɬ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɋȺȺɦɚɧɠɨɥɨɜɚ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɚɤɢɪɢɥɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɆȻȻɚɥɚɤɚɟɜɋɄɄɟɧɟɫɛɚɟɜɢɞɪ>@
ȼɡɚɢɦɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɭɸɡɨɧɭɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɨɬɟɫɧɵɟ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɹɡɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɧɹ
ɬɢɣɧɵɟɢɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚȾɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɜɵɡɜɚɥɢɩɨɹɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɨɛɳɟɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɢɯɧɚ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ>@Ɋəɤɨɛɫɨɧɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɟɜɪɚɡɢɣ
ɫɤɨɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦ
ɫɨɸɡɨɦɈɌɪɭɛɚɱɺɜ²ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦȼɌɨɩɨɪɨɜ²
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɦɗɬɨɨɫɨɛɵɣɬɢɩɚɪɟɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ
ɧɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɜɟɤɨɜɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɣɟɜɪɚɡɢɣ
ɫɤɨɣɝɪɚɧɢɰɵȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɫɨɸɡɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹɟɳɟɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢɜɋɋɋɊɢɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɋɇȽɩɪɢɩɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ>@Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɫɧɚɹ
ɫɜɹɡɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚɨɛɳɢɟɮɨɪɦɵɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ
ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɟɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɝɨɞɚɧɟɨɫɥɚɛɢɥɚɧɨɭɤɪɟɩɢɥɚɞɭ
ȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɯɨɜɧɵɟɭɡɵɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɣɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɟ
ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢɩɨɷɬɵɢɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɢɜɫɜɨɟɦɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɷɝɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɵɟɢɞɟɢɢɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢɜɟɪɲɢɧɝɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢɪɚȼɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɟɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɧɨɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɪɚɜɧɵɯɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɜɲɢɯɢɧɵɟɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɞɵɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɸɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵɢɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢ
ɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɷɥɢɬɚɪɢɡɦɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɱɪɟɜɚɬɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɞɟɡɢɧ
ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɟɣɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɡɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ
Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝ
ɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɟɟɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɦɢɧɨɪɢɬɚɪ
ɧɨɣɢɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɜɋɋɋɊɤɫɬɚɬɭɫɭɦɚɠɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ
ɢɞɚɸɳɟɣɜɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɷɬɨɬɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɟɧɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵɜɯɨɞɟɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɢɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɤɚɡɚɯɫɤɨɣɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢɫɶɱɬɨɛɵɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɨɸɡ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɨɫɬɶɢɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸɨɫɨ
ɛɨɫɬɶȺɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɧɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞ
ɷɬɨɦɭɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɧɨɥɢɲɶɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɭ
ɟɬɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɚɩɨɞɝɥɨɛɚɥɶ
ɧɵɣɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɌɨɬɪɟɡɨɧɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵ
ɜɚɸɳɢɣɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɱɬɨɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɷɤɫɩɚɧɫɢɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɥɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
OLQJXDIUDQFDɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɫɮɟɪɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ
ɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɟɝɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɜɫɟɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɦɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦȼɨɩɪɨɫɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵ
ɤɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɨɗɋɟɩɢɪɭ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ,$/ ɞɥɹ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɫɥɨɠɟɧɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɟɲɚɬɶɟɝɨɜɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ
ɚɜɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɦɧɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɟɝɨE\¿DW
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɟɯɴ
ɹɡɵɱɢɟɦɨɩɢɲɟɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɜɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɡɫɬɪɚɧɝɞɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɟɫɬɨɭɠɟɞɚɜɧɨ²ɂɧɞɢɢɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɨɥɶ
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ²ɯɢɧɞɢ²ɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɪɚɡɧɵɦ
ɞɥɹɪɚɡɧɵɯɷɬɧɨɫɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɵɩɨɥɧɹ
ɟɬɜɂɧɞɢɢɪɨɥɶɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ
©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟªɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɂɧɞɢɢɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɢɡɧɚɬɶ
ɟɝɨɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɹɡɵɤɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɂɧɞɢɢ
Ɍɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟɫɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶɜɷɬɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɧɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɪɹɞɨɦɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ²
ɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɩɪɨɲɥɵɦɂɧɞɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɜɧɟɣɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɚɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɤɨ
ɥɨɧɢɢɢɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣɪɚɫ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɞɥɹɦɟɠɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɂɧɞɢɢȺɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟ
ɥɨɛɛɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ©ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɣ
ɢɜɥɚɫɬɜɭɣªɱɬɨɛɵɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɫɬɚɥɥɢɧɝ
ɜɚɮɪɚɧɤɚɬɟɨɛɳɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɞɥɹɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɟɪɜɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧɚɦɢɢɢɧɞɢɣɰɚɦɢɚɩɨɡɠɟɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɚɦɢɦɢɢɧɞɢɣɰɚɦɢ >ɋ@
ɉɨɫɥɟɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹɂɧɞɢɟɣɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɜɝ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɤɨɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɯɢɧɞɢɢɞɪɭ
ɝɢɯɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹɝɯɢɧ
ɞɢɛɵɥɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ
ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɤɨɥɨɧɢɢɛɵɥɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɹɡɵɤɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɡɧɚɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɦɟɸɬɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹɂɧɞɢɢɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ
ɜɝɨɞɭɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɯɢɧɞɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɂɧɞɢɢɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɫɦɨɝɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɫɬɚɬɭɫ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɫɩɭɫɬɹɥɟɬɤɨɝɞɚɸɠɧɵɟ
ɲɬɚɬɵɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɯɢɧɞɢȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɛɵɥɩɪɢɧɹɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɫɤɢɦ
ɚɤɬɨɦɝ ɢɛɵɥɢɞɚɧɵɡɚɜɟɪɟɧɢɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɛɭɞɟɬɩɨɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɥɢɧɝɜɚ
ɮɪɚɧɤɚȾɨɤɨɧɰɚɯɯɢɧɞɢɧɟɭɞɚɥɨɫɶɡɚɤɪɟ
ɩɢɬɶɫɹɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɳɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɧɚɰɢɢɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɤɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɨɬɜɨɟɜɵɜɚɥɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɋɯɩɨɫɥɟɤɪɚɯɚɋɋɋɊɢɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɋɒȺ
ɤɚɤɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɧɚɱɚɥɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹɜɤɚ
ɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɂɧɞɢɢɋɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɲɥɚɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɪɵɧɨɤ
ɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦɢɂɧɞɢɹɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɥɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɯ
ɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɥɨ
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ
ɦɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ>@ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɚɹɢɡɜɧɟɦɨɞɚɩɪɟɫɬɢɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɫɬɶɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧ
ɞɚɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹɜɥɭɱɲɢɯɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɯɢɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ
ɫɹɜɤɚɪɶɟɪɟɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤ
©ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨªɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɧɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɪɟ
ɤɥɚɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɤɚɤ©ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹɫɜɨɛɨɞɵª©ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹª µHPDQFLSDWRU\SURPLVH¶>@µODQJXDJH
RISRZHUHPSRZHUPHQW¶>@ ɹɡɵɤɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɦɤɚɫɬɨɜɨɦɨɛɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢɫɩɪɨɫɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɪɺɯɴɹɡɵɱɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɟɯɪɚɡɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɪɨɞɧɨɣɢɥɢɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɢɧɞɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɜɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚ
ɟɜ Ȼɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɤɭɪɫɨɜ
FRPSRVLWHFRXUVHV ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɜ>@Ȼɨɥɟɟ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɧɚɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɫɬɭ
ɩɟɧɹɯɞɚɸɬɡɧɚɧɢɹɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ>@ɉɨɱɢɫɥɭ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɢɹɡɵɤɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɹɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɯɢɧɞɢ ɦɢɥɥ ɛɟɧɝɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɦɢɥɥ ɬɟɥɭɝɭ ɦɢɥɥ ɦɚɪɚɬɯɢ ɦɢɥɥ ɬɚ
ɦɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɦɢɥɥ ɭɪɞɭ ɦɢɥɥ ɝɭɞɠɚɪɚɬɢ
ɦɢɥɥ ɢɩɟɧɞɠɚɛɢ ɦɢɥɥ >@ɉɨɫɮɟɪɚɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɂɧɞɢɢ
ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶɞɪɭɝɚɹɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨ
Ɋɢɫ/DQJXDJH+LHUDUFK\LQ,QGLD>@
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɲɤɨɥɵɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟ
ɬɢɟɜɂɧɞɢɢɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯɲɤɨɥɜɝɨɪɨɞɚɯɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɟɳɚɸɬɫɬɭɞɟɧ
ɬɚɦɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɜɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɵɟɜɵɫɲɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ
ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɦɟɫɬɜɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯɝɞɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɌɚɤɜɝɨɞɭɩɨɱ
ɬɢɞɟɬɟɣɜɂɧɞɢɢɛɵɥɢɡɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɵɜɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ
ɲɤɨɥɵɤɝɢɯɱɢɫɥɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ>ɋ@
Ɍɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɪɹɞɬɪɭɞɧɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɵɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɬɚɤɨɜɚɱɬɨɯɨɬɹɩɪɟɩɨ
ɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬ
ɧɵɦɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɲɬɚɬɨɜɢɞɥɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɞɢɣɰɟɜɨɧɨɜɟɞɟɬɫɹɧɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭ
ɬɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɟɝɞɚɚɛɢɬɭɪɢɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɢɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢɜɜɵɫɲɢɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɋɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ
ɚɧɝɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ©ɩɪɚ
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨªɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɋɪɟɞɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɧɢɩɪɟɞɩɨ
ɱɢɬɚɸɬɩɪɹɦɨɣɦɟɬɨɞɬɟ©ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟªɜɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɭɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɦɟɫɬɟɫɬɟɦɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɥɭɝɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨɜɂɧɞɢɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ
ɫɬɜɨɲɤɨɥɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶɫɟɛɟɧɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɤɜɚ
ɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɞɥɹɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɬɟɣɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɢɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯɤɚɤ1&(576&(57()/8 ɪɚɧɟɟ&,()/ɬɟ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜ 5,( ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵɚɧ
ɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɢɯɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɇɉɈɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ
ɢɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɞɥɹɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɫɬɨɜȼɧɟɞɪɹɟɦɵɟɢɦɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ
ɦɵɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ
ɢɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ>ɋ@
ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɠɟɥɚɬɶ
ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨɉɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɨɜɥɢɲɶɨɤɨɥɨ
² ɩɨɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦ² ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣɂɧɞɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɚɧɝɥɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɢ>
@ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɟɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬɜɜɵɫɲɟɟɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɢɧɚɪɚɛɨɱɢɟɦɟɫɬɚɫɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦɢ
ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɚɤɚɤɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶ
ɜɵɲɟ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟªɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɮɟɪɵɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦȼɟɞɭɳɢɟɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɵɢɢɧ
ɞɢɣɫɤɢɟɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɬɪɟɛɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɦɯɨɪɨɲɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɪɟɱɢɢɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɧɟɦ
ɇɨɷɬɨɬɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɥɢɲɶɨɞɢɧɢɡɩɹɬɢ
ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɫɥɟɥɟɬɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɲɤɨɥɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɜɤɨɥɥɟɞɠ>@Ⱦɨ²ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɟɧ
ɬɨɜɧɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɢ²ɧɚɢɧ
ɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɢɡɡɚɩɥɨɯɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ>@Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɷɬɢ
ɰɢɮɪɵɧɟɞɚɸɬɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣɞɥɹɫɭɠɞɟ
ɧɢɹɨɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵ
ɤɨɦɜɂɧɞɢɢɄɚɤɜɢɞɧɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɧɨɫɢɬ
ɜɷɬɭɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨɛɵɟɫɥɢɛɵɜɵɫɲɟɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɟɥɨɫɶɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɯɢɧɞɢɢɢɥɢɪɟɝɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɜɬɨɦɢɥɢɢɧɨɦɲɬɚɬɟ
ȼɨɜɬɨɪɵɯɞɚɥɟɤɨɧɟɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱ
ɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɭɱɲɟɦɭɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ
ȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɢɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɤɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɪɹɞɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɤɚɤɪɚɧɧɟɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ
ɹɡɵɤɭɬɚɤɢɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɧɚɧɟɦɧɟɞɚɟɬɯɨɪɨɲɢɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɬɤ
ɜɟɞɟɬɤɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɸɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɛɟɡɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɢɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɧɚ
ɧɢɣɩɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ>@
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɢɜɱɚɫɬ
ɧɵɟɲɤɨɥɵɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ
ɯɭɞɲɢɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɩɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɬɟɦɢɤɬɨɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɜɱɚɫɬɧɵɟɲɤɨɥɵɫɨɛɭɱɟɧɢ
ɟɦɧɚɬɟɥɭɝɭ>@ɇɟɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɟɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɟɩɨɱɬɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɬɪɟɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɟɳɟɛɨɥɟɟɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
Ɂɧɚɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɧɨ
ɝɢɟɢɡɧɢɯɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɭɱɟɛɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ
ȼɬɪɟɬɶɢɯɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɭɛ
ɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɬɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɪɨɞɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɢɹɡɵɤɟɅɭɱɲɢɦɠɟɬɢɩɨɦɞɜɭɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɚɞɞɢɬɢɜ
ɧɵɣɬɟɤɨɝɞɚɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɢɧɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
>@Ⱥɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɟɬɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɢ©ɧɢɡɲɢɯª
ɤɚɫɬɤɚɤɨɬɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨɯɢɧɞɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɚɤɢɨɬɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɦɟɧɹɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɤɨɞ
ɢɯɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ
ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɢȾɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɨ
ɠɟɧɢɹɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɚɫɬɵɞɚɥɢɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɫɨɞ
ɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɥɹɧɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ
ɤɚɤ©ɹɡɵɤɟɜɥɚɫɬɢª ODQJXDJHRISRZHU ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɦɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ HPSRZHUPHQW ɚɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɦɧɨɝɢɟɢɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɱɬɨɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɨɞɪɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɞɭɯɢɧɞɢɣ
ɰɟɜɜɬɨɪɝɚɹɫɶɜɧɢɲɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟɜɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯɢɫɤɨɧɧɵɦɢɹɡɵɤɚɦɢɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨ
ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ²ɢɡɚɧɢɦɚɹɢɯ>@
ȼɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɧɟɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɚɡɚ
ɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɟɢɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨɋɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɷɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ
ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɫɦɫɯɟɦɭɜɵɲɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɷɤɫɩɚɧ
ɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɟɝɨɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɡɚɤɪɟ
ɩɥɟɧɢɹɜ©ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯªɫɮɟɪɚɯɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɬɞɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɷɬɨɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɟɪɚɜɟɧ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹɢɬɪɟɯɴɹɡɵɱɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɜɂɧɞɢɢ
ɫɬɜɚȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɚɢɦɟɸɬɛɨɥɟɟɥɟɝɤɢɣɞɨ
ɫɬɭɩɤɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭɹɡɵɤɭɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɹɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɢ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɤ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭɤɪɭɝɭªɚɧɝɥɨɮɨɧɨɜ
ɤ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭɤɪɭɝɭɜɥɚɫɬɢɢɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɣª>@
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ>
@Ɉɛɟɳɚɧɢɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɡɧɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɹɤɨɛɵɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɢ©ɧɢɡɲɢɯª
ɤɚɫɬɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɥɨɠɧɵɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɪɚɛɨ
ɱɢɯɦɟɫɬɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟɪɟ
ɫɭɪɫɵɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɢɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɥɸɞɟɣɱɟɦɤɨɝɞɚɥɢɛɨ
ɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ
ɧɚɜɵɤɢɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɭɫɩɟɯɚɜɲɤɨɥɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɢɭɱɚɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɬɶɜɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɫɜɨɢɯɨɛ
ɳɢɧ©Ʌɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɧɚɲɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ
ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟɪɟɫɭɪɫɵɞɥɹɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹɢɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɧɟɫɦɨɝɥɢɢɥɢɧɟɡɚɯɨɬɟɥɢɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶɦɨɳ
ɧɵɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɭɬɢɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯɫɨɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚª>ɋ@
ȼɩɹɬɵɯɤɚɤɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶɜɵɲɟɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɢɜɵɫɲɟɣɲɤɨɥɟɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹ
ɟɬɫɬɚɝɧɚɰɢɸɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɬɱɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬ
ɢɥɢɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɜɧɢɯɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɢɫɬɢɥɟɣɧɚɭɤɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɢɧɚɢɫɤɨɧɧɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ
ɋɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢɧɟɨɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɫɟ
ɬɭɸɬɱɬɨɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɂɧɞɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ>@ ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɚɫɬɢ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɲɬɚɬɨɜɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨɣɩɪɢɜɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɧɢɡɤɢɦɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɱɬɨɦɟɪɵɩɨɢɡɦɟ
ɧɟɧɢɸɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ
ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶɤɚɤɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɢɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɜɥɢɰɟɪɹɞɚɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧ ©LQWHUQDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQKXEVVXFKDVWKH8.
86&DQDGDDQG$XVWUDOLDª ɝɨɬɨɜɵɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ
ɲɬɚɬɨɜɢɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɧɢɦɢɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɢɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟOLQJXDIUDQFDɚɧɝɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɢɧɞɢɣ
ɫɤɨɝɨɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɚɭɤɢɗɬɭɥɢɧɢɸ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬȻɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɣɫɨɜɟɬɩɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ>@
ɡɚɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɨɛɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣɫɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɦɢɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢɜɬɱɱɟɪɟɡɢɫ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɢɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɈɞɧɚɤɨ
ɜɫɜɟɬɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯɜɵɲɟɞɚɧɧɵɯɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹɱɬɨɚɧɝɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɚɭɤɢ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸɢɯɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɫɬɤɨɥɨɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɂɧɞɢɢɷɬɨɝɨɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ
ɧɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨ
ɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɂɧɞɢɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɋɨɞ
ɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɨɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ
ɧɭɠɞɚɥɨɫɶɜɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɯ
ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɫɯɨɞɹɢɡɩɪɢɨ
ɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɢɦɢɪɨɜɵɦɢ
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢɤɚɤɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɥɟɬɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɱɬɨɨɞɧɨ
ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣɦɢɪɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɭɯɨɞɢɬɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɟɂɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɫɬɚɬɭɫɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɬɟɪɹɬɶɫɜɨɢɩɨɡɢɰɢɢȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟɜɪɟ
ɦɹɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɫɢ
ɥɢɹɩɨɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣȼɝɨɞɭɛɵɥɫɨɡɞɚɧɐɟɧɬɪɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɧɚɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɢɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶɢɯɜɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ
ɩɥɚɧɵȼɪɚɦɤɚɯɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɩɢɲɭɬ
ɫɹɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢɢɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɢ
ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵɫɞɪɭɝɢɯɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɚɭɞɢɨɢɜɢɞɟɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ>@Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɢɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ
ɥɨɛɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɢɟɝɪɚɧɬɵɢɩɨɜɵɲɟ
ɧɢɟɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɵɞɥɹɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ
ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɧɢɜɟɪ
ɫɢɬɟɬɵ ɧɚɩɪȺɡɢɦɚɉɪɟɦɞɠɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɦɟɯɚ
ɧɢɡɦɵɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟɨɬɨɣɬɢɨɬɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɚɤ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɜɜɵɫɲɟɣɲɤɨɥɟ
>@ȼɫɜɟɬɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɲɚɝɨɜɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɇɚɪɟɧɞɪɵɆɨɞɢ
ɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɟɫɬɶɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɱɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ɡɚɫɱɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɯɢɧɞɢɌɚɤɜɝɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ȿȼɒɟɥɟɫɬɸɤ
ɯɢɧɞɢɫɬɚɥɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɞɥɹɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜɫɩɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɲɤɨɥɚɮɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɫɨɜɟɬɨɦɩɨɞɟɥɚɦɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ>@ȼɝɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɦɆɨɞɢ
ɛɵɥɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɦɢ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɜɛɥɨɝɚɯɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɬɹɯ*RRJOH
)DFHERRN7ZLWWHUɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɚ
ɜɚɬɶɯɢɧɞɢɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹɟɝɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɧɭɸɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɛɨɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɜɫɜɨɸɪɟɱɶɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɢɯɢɧɞɢɆɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣɞɥɹɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɟɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɪɚɡ
ɦɟɪɟɬɵɫɪɭɩɢɣɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɌɚɤɨɟɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɜɵ
ɡɜɚɥɨɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɭɸɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɚɦɢɚɧɝɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɧɭɸɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɸɫɪɟɞɢɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɱɬɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɯɢɧɞɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɥɢɲɶɨɤɨɥɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɡɚɧɹɥɨɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɭɸ
ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɜɧɟ
ɫɟɧɧɵɦɜɡɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɤɨɫɧɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ>@
ɋɭɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɜɂɧɞɢɢ ɯɨɬɹɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚ
ɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɤɨɥɨ
²ɢɧɞɢɣɰɟɜɜɥɚɞɟɸɬɷɬɢɦɹɡɵɤɨɦɧɚɞɨɫɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨɯɨɪɨɲɟɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ²ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɧɚɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɢ²ɧɚɢɧɠɟ
ɧɟɪɧɵɟɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɡɡɚɩɥɨɯɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɥɭɱɲɟɦɭɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸɫɩɟ
ɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɢɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɤ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɸɬ
ɫɭɛɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɬɨɟɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɢɫɬɟ
ɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɨɫɜɨɟɣɪɨɞɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɢɹɡɵɤɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɧɟɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɚɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ
ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɧɚɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɢɜɵɫɲɟɣɲɤɨɥɟɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɬɚɝɧɚɰɢɸ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬɢɥɢɨɫɬɚ
ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɫɬɢɥɹɠɚɧɪɨɜ
ɧɚɭɤɢɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɢɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɦɟɬɢɦɱɬɨɧɚɪɚɫɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɜɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɥɢɹɟɬɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ
Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɫɭɜɟ
ɪɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɞɚɬɚɤ
ɠɟɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɬɶɛɵɬɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɫɨ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢɢɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɨɜɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɱɬɨ
ɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɜɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɂɧɞɢɢ
ɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɯɢɧɞɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɯɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɯɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜȺɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ
ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɸɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢɫɬɪɚɧɵɧɨɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢɧɚɭɤɢ
ɬɟɹɡɵɤɚɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧ©ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɤɪɭɝɚª>@
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȼɥɚɫɬɢɂɧɞɢɢɪɟɲɢɥɢɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹɨɬɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɊɨɫɛɚɥɬ>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@85/
KWWSZZZURVEDOWUXPDLQKWPO ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȽɪɢɲɚɟɜɚȿȻɌɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɨɥɢɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɢɦɭɥɶ
ɬɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɞɪɚɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤȿȻȽɪɢɲɚ
ɟɜɚ²Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ
ȾɢɚɧɨɜɚɅɉɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɜɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɨɜȺɜɬɨɪɟɮɞɢɫ«ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ
ɅɉȾɢɚɧɨɜɚ²ɆɊɍȾɇ
ɄɚɡɚɯɫɤɚɹɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚȻɋɗ²Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ
ɟɢɡɞ² ²Ɍɨɦ²Ɇɋɨɜɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ²ɋ²
ɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜȼɇɌɟɨɪɢɹɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɍɱɟɛɞɥɹɢɧɬɨɜɢɮɚɤɢɧɨɫɬɪɹɡ
ȼɇɄɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜ²Ɇȼɵɫɲɲɤ²ɫ
ɒɚɩɨɲɧɢɤɨɜȺɄȺɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɈɇɌɪɭɛɚɱɟɜɨɪɨɥɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɜɋɋɋɊɢɋɇȽȺɄɒɚɩɨɲ
ɧɢɤɨɜɊɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɢɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɝɨɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫɚɈɬɜɪɟɞɇɀɒɚɣɦɟɪɞɟɧɨɜɚ²ȺɫɬɚɧɚɂȾ
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ɪɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹɜɫɟɛɹɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ
ɚɬɚɤɠɟɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɣɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɄɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɜɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɚɯɜɫɟɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɣɧɨɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨ
ɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɥɟɤɫɢɤɢɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ
əɡɵɤɟɫɬɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢɪɚɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸ
ɘɆɅɨɬɦɚɧɚ©ɹɡɵɤ²ɷɬɨɤɨɞɩɥɸɫɟɝɨɢɫɬɨ
ɪɢɹª>ɋ@əɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɡɧɚɤɤɚɤɜɦɟɫɬɢɥɢɳɟ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɟɝɨɦɢɪɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
ɢɬɩɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
ȼɇɌɟɥɢɹɫɱɢɬɚɥɚɱɬɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɫɥɨ
ɜɚ²©ɨɫɨɛɵɣɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɹɡɵɤɚɹɜɧɨɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɢɪɭ
ɸɳɢɣɫɨɛɳɢɦɞɥɹɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɡɚɤɨ
ɧɨɦɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɵɛɨɪɚɢɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪª>ɋ@ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɞɚɟɬɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɞɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɫɥɨɜɢɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟ
ɧɨɫɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ɍɚɤɚɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɤɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ
ɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨ
ɝɢɡɦɵ²ɤɜɢɧɬɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɹɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɹɡɵ
ɤɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɛɵɬɚɢɦɢɪɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɬɞɉɨɦɢɦɨɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɩɨɞɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɟɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɚɫɨɛɥɸɞɟ
ɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢɹɡɵɤɚɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɟɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɛɨɥɟɟɞɨɥɝɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɢɦɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɧɟɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɵɣɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɣ
ɫɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɧɚɭɤɢɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɟɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɟɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ>ɋ@ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸ
ȼȽɄɨɫɬɨɦɚɪɨɜɚ©ɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɨɛɳɟɟɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɤɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɢɤɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸɮɨɪɦɵɦɧɨɝɢɯɬɪɚɞɢ
ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣª>ɋ@Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ
ɤɚɤɥɸɛɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɦɢɪɟɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɞɢ
ɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɯɨɬɹɷɬɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɨ
ɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɧɟɨɱɟɧɶɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦɢɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɮɨɪɦɟ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɜɞɭɝɭ ɜɬɪɢɞɭɝɢ ɤɭɞɚɦɟɬɧɭɥ
ɯɜɚɬɢɥ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɞɭɦɚ ɝɨɪɢɬɧɟɩɨɥɟɬɚɦ
ɩɨɝɨɞɚɦ ɧɢɝɪɨɲɚ ɡɚɞɭɲɨɣ ɫɟɫɬɶɧɚɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɥɸɛɢɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɶɤɚɢɞɪ ɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢɧɚɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɧɚɧɨɝɚɯ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟµɨɱɟɧɶɡɚɧɹɬɨɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ¶ɧɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟµɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɣɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ¶ ɡɚ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɨɜɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ
ɞɚɬɶɬɨɧ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟµɢɝɪɚɬɶɜɚɠɧɭɸɪɨɥɶ
ɜɤɚɤɨɦɬɨɞɟɥɟ¶ɧɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟµɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɦɟɫɬɨ
ɥɢɞɟɪɚ¶ ɛɢɬɶɱɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟµɤɥɚɧɹɬɶ
ɫɹɜɵɪɚɠɚɹɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟɤɤɨɦɭɥɢɛɨ¶ɧɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɧɢɟ
µɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ¶ ɢɞɪ
ɇɆɒɚɧɫɤɢɣɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɱɬɨ©ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ
ɧɟɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɚɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɹɬɫɹɤɚɤɝɨɬɨɜɵɟɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵª>ɋ@
ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɭɱɟɧɨɝɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ
ɜɫɟɛɹɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵɢɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ
ɢɞɢɨɦɵɢɞɪɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ Ɏȿ ɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɵɦɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣɢɥɢ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɩɵɬȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɜɵɞɟɥɢɥ
ɬɪɢɬɢɩɚɎȿɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢɢɧɟɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɢɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣ©ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɨɞɧɨ
ɪɨɞɧɭɸɫɨɫɥɨɜɨɦɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɦɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɮɨɪɦɵª
>ɋ@ɍɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɚɳɟɧɢɣɫɢɥɶɧɚ
ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɶɚɭɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜ²ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ
ɟɫɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɱɬɨ©ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɫɬɨɪɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɢɧɟɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɯ
ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɣɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɚª>Ɍɚɦɠɟ@Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬɢɡɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɹɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɦɨ
ɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɝɨɬɨɜɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰ
ɨɧɢɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɟɚɧɟɜɧɨɜɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɪɟɱɢ>ɋ@ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɪɭɤɭɧɚɩɭɥɶɫɟɛɢɬɶɛɚɤɥɭɲɢ
Ʉɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɟɦɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚ
Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹɟɝɨɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɢɜɬɨɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɜɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɚɫɩɟɤ
ɬɟɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚ
ɜɪɟɱɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɨɢɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɪɚɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɨɛɳɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɥɢɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭ
ɞɟɥɭȼɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɬɚɤɨɣɰɟɥɢɬɟɫɧɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨ
ɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɘȾȺɩɪɟɫɹɧɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɱɬɨɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯɦɟɬɚ
ɮɨɪɚɯɢɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɫɥɨɜɚɯɮɪɚɡɟ
ɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ>ɋ@Ⱦɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɟɦɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɨ
ɬɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɟɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼɇɌɟɥɢɹɞɚɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɭ©ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹª©ɷɬɨɜɫɚɦɨɦɨɛɳɟɦ
ɜɢɞɟɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɜɚɡɢɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤ
ɬɨɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɜɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵª>ɋ@
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɫɬɜɭɟɬɛɨɥɟɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣɌɚɤɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɫɥɨɜɨ
ɅɂɐɈɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɛɨɡɧɚ
ɱɚɹɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸɱɚɫɬɶɝɨɥɨɜɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɧɨɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟȾɚɧɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɨ
ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶɥɢɰɨɧɟɬɥɢɰɚɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɥɢɰɨ
ɰɜɟɬɥɢɰɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɟɥɢɰɨɡɟɥɟɧɨɟɥɢɰɨɛɟɥɨɟɥɢɰɨ
ɬɵɤɚɬɶɜɥɢɰɨɢɬɞɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ
ɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɬ
ɥɢɰɚɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɢɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯȼɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɧɟɬɥɢɰɚɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟɢɡ
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɨɛɥɢɤɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɟɩɨɬɪɹɫɟɧɢ
ɟɦɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɢɥɢɛɨɥɟɡɧɶɸɚɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ
ɷɬɨɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɨɫɤɨɪ
ɛɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɟɢɦɟɟɬ
ɫɬɵɞɚɢɫɨɜɟɫɬɢɗɬɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɪɟɞ
ɤɨɢɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɹɨɛɵɱɧɨɧɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɟɝɨ
ȿɫɥɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɥɸɞɢɢɡɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɟɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɪɚɡɧɢɰɭɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦɢɧɟɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟ
ɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣɹɡɵɤɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶ
ɹɛɥɨɤɨɦɪɚɡɞɨɪɚɜɦɟɫɬɨɫɚɦɨɝɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɧ
ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼɇɌɟɥɢɹɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɤɚɤ©ɦɚ
ɤɪɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹ
ɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ«
ɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɭɸɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɦɚɪɤɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶª>ɋ@ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚ
ɰɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɟɨɫɧɨ
ɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɟɝɨɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹɢɞɪɄɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬ²ɷɬɨ©ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɤɪɚɫɤɚɮɪɚɡɟɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɯɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɫɩɪɟɫ
ɫɢɜɧɚɹɫɬɨɪɨɧɚª>ɋ@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɨɧ
ɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɚɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣɫɥɨɜɚ
ɧɨɢɫɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɨɣɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸȼɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɹɡɵɤɚɤɜɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɹɦɩɨ
ɷɬɨɦɭɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɜɨɡ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɄɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɦɟɧɟɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟɢɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɨɬɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɤɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɢɬɟɦ
ɫɚɦɵɦɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɇɚɤɨɧ
ɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɡɧɚɤɚɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜ
ɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜɢɢɞɟɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɱɬɨ
ɜɟɞɟɬɤɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɌɟɤɫɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɪɟɱɢ©ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɞɨɫɬɭɩɤɦɨ
ɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣɢɬɚɤɬɢɤɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨª>
ɋ@ɄɨɝɞɚɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɎȿɪɟɚɥɢ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɋɆɂɬɨɜɵ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɟɟɫɤɪɵɬɭɸɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɨɜɎȿɄɨɧɧɨ
ɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɟɧɨɬɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɝɨȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨɫɥɨɜɚɧɟɥɶɡɹɰɟɥɢɤɨɦɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶɟɝɨ
ɨɬɫɭɬɢ ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨɫɥɨ
ɜɚɨɧɢɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɤɚɤɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɚɹɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɥɚɧɨɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɩɥɚɧɨɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹ
ɬɪɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɫɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɬɢɜ
ɧɵɣɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣȾɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɬɢɩɨɜɨɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɋɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɫɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɦɚɫ
ɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɄɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɪɚɫɫɦɚ
ɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɟɪɚɪ
ɯɢɣɤɚɤɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɸɤɫɢɝɧɢɮɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
Ʉɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɧɚɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɷɦɨ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɬɞ ɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
əɞɪɨ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨɜɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɈɋȺɯɦɚɧɨɜɨɣ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ²©ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɦɟɧɟɦɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɜɪɨɥɢɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚª
>ɋ@ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɟɞɢ
ɧɢɰɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵɝɞɟɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɱɥɟɧɚɬɟɢɦɟɧɧɨɟɫɥɨɜɨɡɞɟɫɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ
ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɨɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
Ɏȿɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɡɚɫɬɵɜɲɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɩɨ
əɧɶɹɧɶɅɢ
ɝɨɜɨɪɨɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɢɡɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɢɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵɢɫɪɚɜ
ɧɟɧɢɹɋɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɟɎȿɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣ
ɨɫɨɛɵɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɬɚɤɢɟɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɯɎȿɱɟɬɤɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɯɋɆɂɄɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɵɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɢɥɢ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɎȿ ɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚ
ɟɜɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵȻɭɞɟɬɥɟɧɶ²ɛɭɞɟɬɩɢɳɚɋɬɚɪɨɫɬɶ²
ɧɟɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɜɨɢɯɫɬɚɬɶɹɯɱɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɨɩɢɫɚɬɶɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸɢɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɸɬɨɱɤɭɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɪɨ
ɧɢɱɧɨɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɋɄɨɪɟɟɣ²ɩɨɫɤɨɪɟɟɉɯɟɧɶɹɧ
ɢɋɟɭɥɧɟɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɦɢɪɜɞɨɥɝɢɣɹɳɢɤ ɊɂȺ
ɇɨɜɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɨɬɥɨ
ɠɢɬɶɜɞɨɥɝɢɣɹɳɢɤɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬµɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɨɬ
ɥɨɠɢɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɤɚɤɨɝɨɧɢɛɭɞɶɞɟɥɚɧɚɧɟɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ¶ɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
ɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɡɜɭɱɢɬɤɚɤ
ɤɚɥɚɦɛɭɪɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ©ɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɞɨɥɝɢɣɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɣ
ɮɪɚɡɵɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɹɳɢɤɤɚɤɢɪɨɧɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɞɜɭɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡª>ɋ@Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɹɹ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɦɢɪɜɞɚɧɧɵɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɜɬɨɪɫɬɚɬɶɢɢɦɟɟɬɜɜɢɞɭɱɬɨɘɠɧɚɹ
ɄɨɪɟɹɢɄɇȾɊɧɚɤɨɧɟɰɬɨɫɞɟɥɚɥɢɩɟɪɜɵɟɲɚɝɢ
ɞɥɹɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɞɜɭɦɹɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦ
ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɣɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɦɟɠɞɭɝɨ
ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɦɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɦɧɨɝɢɯɥɟɬɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɢɞɨɛɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɟɤɧɟɦɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɨɛɭɸɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɜɩɨɥɧɨɣɦɟɪɟ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɨɜ
ɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɉɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ
ɝɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢɎȿɡɚɤɥɸɱɚ
ɟɬɫɹɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚ
ɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɨɢɜɵ
ɪɚɠɚɸɬɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɨɰɟɧɤɭɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɤɧɢɦ
ɋɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɨɟɫɬɶɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɧɟɥɶɡɹɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɬɨ
ɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɨɜɚɬɤ
ɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɫɟɦɢɥɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ
ɬɨɜɄɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɯɎȿɢɦɟɟɬɬɭɠɟ
ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɱɬɨɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɫɥɨɜɚɢɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɨɜɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣɷɦɨɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣɢɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɫɭɛɫɬɚɧ
ɬɢɜɧɵɯɎȿɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɬɨɱɤɭɡɪɟɧɢɹɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ
ɧɚɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɢɥɢɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɰɟɥɨɦ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɭɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɧɨɪɦɚɦɰɟɧɧɨɫɬ
ɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɦɢɪɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ
ɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɟɝɨɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ
ɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟɩɨɞɜɥɢɹ
ɧɢɟɦɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɢɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɵɈɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɛɚɡɨɜɵɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɜɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɎȿɈɰɟɧɤɚ
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɎȿɢɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɰɟɧɬɪɨɦɜɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɤɨɧɧɨ
ɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɎȿɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɪɚɡ
ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɎȿɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɜɬɚ
ɤɢɯɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɚɯɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɩɟɰɢɮɢ
ɤɚɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢɥɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɊɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤɫɬɚɬɶɢɍɆȺɉɈɌɈɅɈɄ
ɑɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɝɥɭɩɟɟɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ
©ɫɬɚɪɟɟɬª²ɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɡɚɝɨ
ɥɨɜɤɚɦɢɜɵɲɥɢɧɚɞɧɹɯɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɟɋɆɂ Ɉɝɨɧɟɤ
ʋɋ Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɭɦɚɩɚɥɚɬɚ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɧ
ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɦɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɨɦɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦɢɩɨ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚȼɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɉȺɅȺɌȺ
ɧɚɉɈɌɈɅɈɄɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɝɨɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɱɬɨ,4ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɧɟɪɚɫɬɟɬɬɚɤɤɚɤɪɚɧɶɲɟɢɜɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹɨɰɟɧ
ɤɚ²ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɞɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɱɭɜɫɬɜ
ɨɩɵɬɚɢɷɦɨɰɢɣɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟ
ɬɚɦɢɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢɚɧɟɧɚɨɛɳɟɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɪɢɬɟ
ɪɢɹɯɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɋɚɦɫɟɛɟɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪȺɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ
ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɚɦɧɟɩɨɦɟɯɚɋɒȺɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɥɢɚɧɬɢɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɢɢɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɤɡɚɩɪɟɬɚɦȿɜɪɨɩɭɫɚɦɢɢɯɧɟɫɨ
ɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ㸦ɊɂȺɇɨɜɨɫɬɢ ȼɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟ
ɧɢɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɫɱɟɬɞɪɭɠɛɟɧɟɩɨɦɟɯɚɝɞɟ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɋɑȿɌɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɢɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɱɟɦɭɜɵɪɚɠɚ
ɟɬɫɹɢɪɨɧɢɱɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɪɚɤɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɒɬɚɬɨɜɨɧɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɧɨɫɚɦɢɢɯɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ
Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟɧɨɪɦɵɢɲɤɚɥɚɨɰɟɧɨɤɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɢɟɜɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɟɦɢɪɚɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɜɡɹɬɨɝɨɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸɫɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɢɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɢɡɦɟɧɹ
ɸɬɫɹɌɚɤɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɀȺȻȺɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɦɢɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɠɚɛɚɹɜɥɹ
ɟɬɫɹɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚȼɞɪɭɝɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɷɬɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
ɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɬɚɤɤɚɤɠɚɛɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤɧɟɱɬɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɌɚɤɠɟɢɫɥɨɜɨ
ȾɊȺɄɈɇɜɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ
Ʉɢɬɚɹɞɪɚɤɨɧɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɭɸɧɟɜɟ
ɞɨɦɭɸɫɢɥɭɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɜɞɪɟɜ
ɧɟɦɄɢɬɚɟȼɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɞɪɚɤɨɧ²ɷɬɨɩɨɛɨɪɧɢɤɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɢɩɪɚɜɞɵɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟȾɊȺɄɈɇ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɚɜɡɚ
ɩɚɞɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɞɪɚɤɨɧɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɞɟ
ɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ²ɷɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚɤɜɢɧɬɷɫɫɟɧɰɢɹɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɢ
ȼɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɢɭɫɬɧɨɣɪɟɱɢɨɧɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɩɨɞɜɟɪ
ɝɚɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɩɪɢɱɟɦɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢɞɥɹɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɚɪɢɚɧ
ɬɵɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɤɚɤɧɟɥɶɡɹɥɭɱɲɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɧɚɫɤɪɵɬɵɟɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ
ɗɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɎȿɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɫɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸɨɤɪɚ
ɫɤɭɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɜɵɪɚ
ɠɚɟɬɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨɤɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɨɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɞɪȺȼɄɭɧɢɧɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɢɤɚɤ©ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸɨɰɟɧ
ɤɭɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢɢɥɢɪɟɱɟɜɵɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɱɭɜɫɬɜɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª>ɋ@ɗɦɨɰɢɢɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɟ
ɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɜɹɡɵɤɟɚɞɪɟɫɚɧɬɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭɫɜɨɢ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɦɭɍɫɬɧɵɣɢɥɢ
ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣɡɧɚɤɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɤɚɤ©ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢª>
ɋ@ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ²ɷɬɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɦɨɰɢɣɜɫɥɨɜɟɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɢɯɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɟɎȿɜɟɪ
ɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɡɚɜɢ
ɫɢɬɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɎȿɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬɭɫɢɥɢ
ɜɚɬɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɝɨɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɱɟɝɨɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɧ
ɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚȿɫɥɢɜɫɟ
ɦɚɧɬɢɤɟɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ
ɫɟɦɵɬɨɨɧɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɦɨ
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨɮɨɧɚɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ
ɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣɜɝɚɡɟɬɟ©ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶªɌɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵɩɨɨɫɟɧɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɉɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɚɹɪɟɮɨɪɦɚ
ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚɫɧɢɡɢɬɶɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɤɚɞɪɨɜɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ
ɨɞɧɚɤɨɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɦɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɪɨɫɬ
ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɵ㸦ɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟɜɵ
ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɡɜɭɱɢɬɬɚɤɐɵɩɥɹɬɩɨɨɫɟɧɢɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ
ȼɷɬɨɣɧɨɜɨɫɬɢɡɚɦɟɧɢɥɢ©ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɧɨɟªɨɛɥɚɞɚ
ɸɳɟɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɐɕɉɅəɌȺɧɚ©ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟªɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚ
ɧɢɟɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɵɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɳɭɳɚɸɬɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɱɬɨɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɭɧɢɯ
ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɧɨɜɨɣɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɨɣɪɟɮɨɪɦɵ
ȼɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɧɨ
ɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɎȿɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɟɝɨɨɰɟ
ɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɹɡɵɤɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɥɢɫɥɭɲɚ
ɬɟɥɟɣɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɟɫɥɢɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɜɨɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨ
ɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨɨɧɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜ
ɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪȾɟɥɭ²ɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɥɨɜɚɬɬɨɦ²
ɜɬɟɦɹȼɅɢɬɜɟɢɅɚɬɜɢɢɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɚɟɬɬɨɤ ɊɂȺ
ɇɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦȾɟɥɭɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɬɟɯɟɱɚɫɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɬɨɱɬɨɧɭɠɧɨɢɞɟɥɨɦ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹɢɨɬɞɵɯɭɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɚɩɪɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɬɨɪɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡ
ɦɚɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɬɚɪɢɮ
ɧɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɸɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ
ɞɥɹɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɷɬɨɣɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢȻɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɢɡɦɟ
ɧɟɧɧɵɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹɦɢɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɨɜɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɢɧɨɜɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɭ
ɫɜɟɠɟɫɬɶɢɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɦɨɠɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨ
ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹɡɚɞɚɱɚɫɥɨɜɚɢɥɢɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɡɚɤɥɸ
ɱɚɟɬɫɹɧɟɜɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɜɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɧɚɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ>ɋ@ȼɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɚɧ
ɧɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣɜɫɟɎȿɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɷɤɫ
ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɮɪɚ
ɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
əɧɶɹɧɶɅɢ
ɨɬɫɬɢɥɹɹɡɵɤɚɤɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɥɢɤɨɱɢɤɥɢɱ ɧɟɣ
ɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɰɨɝɥɚɡɚɤɪɢɤ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɞɚ
ɦɢɝɚɥɤɢɝɚɥɞɟɠ ɈȽɊɟɜɡɢɧɚɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɱɬɨ©ɩɨ
ɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɤɚɤɤɨɧɧɨɬɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɫɨɛɪɚɬɶɜɨɟɞɢɧɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬ
ɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹɤɪɚɡɧɵɦɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɹɡɵɤɚ
ɮɨɧɟɬɢɤɟɥɟɤɫɢɤɟɢɞɪª>ɋ@ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ȼɨɣɧɚɜɨɣɧɨɣɚɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢɩɨɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ²
ɤɚɤɄɢɟɜɠɢɜɟɬɧɚɞɟɧɶɝɢɊɨɫɫɢɢ ɊɂȺɇɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦȼɨɣɧɚɜɨɣ
ɧɨɣɚɨɛɟɞɩɨɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɸɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
µɧɢɤɚɤɢɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɧɟɞɨɥɠ
ɧɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɦɪɢɬɦɟɠɢɡɧɢɱɟ
ɥɨɜɟɤɚ¶ȼɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɈȻȿȾ
ɫɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɤɪɚɫɤɨɣɧɚɫɥɨɜɨ
ɂɇȼȿɋɌɂɐɂəɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɟɫɹɤɤɧɢɠɧɨɦɭɫɬɢɥɸ
ɪɟɱɢɱɬɨɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢȾɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɨɬɮɚɤɬɱɬɨɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɍɤɪɚɢɧɵɤɊɨɫɫɢɢɊɨɫɫɢɹɧɟɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɟɣɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜɩɢɫɚɥɱɬɨ©ɹɡɵɤɨ
ɜɨɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɜɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɢɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɩ
ɩɢɪɨɜɤɟɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɫɥɨɜɜɮɨɪɦɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɧɨɜɵɯɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɢɯɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹª>
ɋ@Ɏɪɚɡɟɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɟɬɫɹɫɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɟɦɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɟɞɢɧɢɰɢɯɚɤɬɭ
ɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɤɪɵɬɵɯɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɣɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɧɨɜɵɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɮɪɚ
ɡɵɪɚɡɧɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ>ɋ@ɌɟɤɫɬɵɋɆɂ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɎȿɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɭɞɥɹɜɨɩɥɨ
ɳɟɧɢɹɫɚɦɵɯɪɚɡɧɵɯɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɂɮɨɪ
ɦɚɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɎȿɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɦɟɪɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɧɚɭɤɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɩɪɢɱɟɦɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɫɚɸɬ
ɫɹɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɢɦɟɧɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ
ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɨɜ
ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɚɤɦɢɤɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɜɫɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɬɟɫɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɢɜɡɚɢɦɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɦɟɠɞɭɫɨɛɨɣɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɫɨ
ɛɟɧɧɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɢɦɟɧɧɨɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɪɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɵɯɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɤɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜ
ɧɵɯɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣɜɹɡɵɤɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣɮɨɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɨɜɜɨɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯɤɚɤɫɩɨɫɨɛɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ȺɩɪɟɫɹɧɘȾɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɵɘȾȺɩɪɟɫɹɧ²Ɍɨɦ²Ɇəɡɵɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
²ɫ
ȺɯɦɚɧɨɜɚɈɋɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜɈɋȺɯɦɚɧɨɜɚ²Ɇɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹɷɧɰɢɤɥɨ
ɩɟɞɢɹ²ɫ
ȻɚɪɬɊɈɫɧɨɜɵɫɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɢɊȻɚɪɬɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɥɢɡɦ©ɡɚªɢ©ɩɪɨɬɢɜª²Ɇɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ²
ɋ²
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜȼȼɅɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɹȼȼȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɫ
ȼɢɬɝɟɧɲɬɟɣɧɅɅɨɝɢɤɨɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɣɬɪɚɤɬɅȼɢɬɝɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ²ɆȺɋɌ²ɫ
ɄɨɫɬɨɦɚɪɨɜȼȽəɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɜɤɭɫɷɩɨɯɢȼȽɄɨɫɬɨɦɚɪɨɜ²Ɇɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚɉɪɟɫɫ²ɫ
ɄɪɭɝɥɢɤɨɜɚɅȿɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɅȿɄɪɭɝɥɢɤɨɜɚ²Ɇ
ɂɡɞɜɨɆȽɉɍ²ɫ
ɄɭɧɢɧȺȼɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɩɵɬɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɫɦɵɫɥɟ
ɧɢɹ ȺȼɄɭɧɢɧ²ɆɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ²ɫ
ɅɨɬɦɚɧɘɆɄɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɢɜɡɪɵɜɘɆɅɨɬɦɚɧ²ɆȽɧɨɡɢɫɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ²ɫ
ɊɟɜɡɢɧɚɈȽɈɩɨɧɹɬɢɢɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢɈȽɊɟɜɡɢɧɚəɡɵɤɨɜɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɢɟɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɢɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɫɬɚɬɟɣɤɥɟɬɢɸɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚɄɥɚɜɞɢɢȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɧɵȽɨɪɲɤɨɜɨɣ²Ɇ
ɂɡɞɜɨɆȽɍ²ɋ²
ɋɨɫɫɸɪɎɄɭɪɫɨɛɳɟɣɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɎɋɨɫɫɸɪȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ²ɆȺɫɩɟɤɬɉɪɟɫɫ
²ɋ²
ɌɟɥɢɹȼɇɆɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɟɟɪɨɥɶɜɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɤɚɪɬɢɧɵɦɢɪɚȼɇɌɟɥɢɹɊɨɥɶ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɜɹɡɵɤɟəɡɵɤɢɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɦɢɪɚ²Ɇɇɚɭɤɚ²ɋ²
ɌɟɥɢɹȼɇɊɭɫɫɤɚɹɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹȼɇɌɟɥɢɹ²Ɇəɡɵɤɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ²ɫ
ɌɟɥɢɹȼɇəɡɵɤɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨȼɇɌɟɥɢɹ²ɆɆȺɄɋɉɪɟɫɫ²ɫ
ɑɟɪɧɟɣɤɨɅɈȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹɮɨɪɦɚɫɥɨɜɚɢɟɟɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹɅɈɑɟɪɧɟɣɤɨɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɫɟ
ɦɚɧɬɢɤɟɆɟɠɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɢɣɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹɸɛɢɥɟɸɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚɊɆȽɚɣɫɢɧɨɣ²ɍɮɚ
ɊɂɐȻɚɲȽɍ²ɋ²
ɑɟɪɧɟɣɤɨɅɈɇɨɜɵɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɵɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢɜɫɜɟɬɟɫɬɚɪɵɯɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɅɈɑɟɪ
ɧɟɣɤɨɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɨɥɢɮɨɧɢɹɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɫɬɚɬɟɣɜɱɟɫɬɶɊɄɉɨɬɚɩɨɜɨɣ²Ɇəɡɵɤɢɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɯ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɋ²
ɒɚɧɫɤɢɣɇɆɎɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɇɆɒɚɧɫɤɢɣ²ɋɉȻɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ²ɫ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
əɧɶɹɧɶɅɢ²ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɤɚɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ
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ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɚɪɯɢɜɟɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɹɬɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɮɨɧɞɨɜɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɯɫɤɨɪɨɩɢɫɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ȼɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɫɬɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɢɹɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɟɪɬɵɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɢ
ɡɧɚɤɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɹɧɨɪɦɟɪɭɫɫɤɨ
ɝɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɩɨɞɯɨɞ
ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɤɨɪɨɩɢɫɧɵɯɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɝɨɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɜɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢɫɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɥɢ
ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɢɩɨɥɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɭɸɩɪɢɪɨɞɭɢɬɢɩɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɢɹ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ²ɜɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ
ɬɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɷɩɢ
ɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɵɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɭɪɨɜɧɟɣɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɹɦɢɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ
ȼɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜɧɚɘɠɧɨɦɍɪɚɥɟȺɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɫɧɨ
ɜɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨɫɨ
ɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨȺɧɚɥɢɡɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɤɜɚɥɢɮɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɢɜɢɞɵɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɜɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɦ
ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜɜ
Fɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɜ,ɝɥɚɜɟɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɌɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɚɩɢɫɶɦɚ
ɦɨɧɨɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ±ɜɥɢɹɟɬɧɚɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɢɫɶɦɚɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɢɫɶɦɚɪɚɩɨɪ
ɬɵɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɬɩ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶ
ɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɜɨɞɱɢɤɢɩɪɢɤɚɡɱɢɤɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɢɬɩ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɱɬɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸɷɬɢɤɟɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɦɧɨɝɨɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶɸɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɛɳɢɯɮɨɧɨɜɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɨɛɳɟɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɜɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦɩɥɚɧɟ²ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɅɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɜɩɢɫɟɦɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɚɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɹɪɤɢɦ
ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ȼɨɜɬɨɪɨɣɝɥɚɜɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɢɹɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜɜɤɚɬɟ
ɝɨɪɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɢɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɯɪɨɧɨɬɨɩɚɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɜɹɡɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɬɟɤɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸ
ɳɢɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɯɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɭɟɦɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɈɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɪɟɱɟɜɨɟɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɨɜɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɨ
ɥɶɸɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɟɣɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɱɬɨɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɧɬɵɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɪɟ
ɱɟɜɵɯɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɢɥɥɨɤɭɰɢɢɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɷɬɢɤɟɬɭɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɦɵɫɥɵɢɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɚɜɫɟɯɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɬɟɤɫɬɚɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚ
ɧɢɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵɜɵ
ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣɢɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɭ
ɸɳɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɪɨɥɶ
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɞɚɧɧɨɣɷɩɨɯɢɫɷɬɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣɪɚɧɟɟ
ɊɟɰɟɧɡɢɹɧɚɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɸɇȼȽɥɭɯɢɯ©Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɢɣɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜɧɚɘɠɧɨɦɍɪɚɥɟª
ɞɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɇȼȽɥɭɯɢɯ ɫɬɚɤɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɧɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɵɜɨɞɵɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ
ɥɹɸɬɨɫɨɛɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɞɥɹɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ
ȼɰɟɥɨɦɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɧɚ
ɱɚɥɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ
ɬɟɤɫɬ²ɷɬɨɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɬɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɢɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɞɢɫɬɚɧɬɧɵɣɬɢɩ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ²ɦɨɧɨɞɢɚɥɨɝ
ȼɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɤɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹɨɛ
ɪɚɡɰɵɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɬɟɤ
ɫɬɨɜ²ɩɢɫɶɦɨɡɚɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɇɇȾɟɦɢɞɨɜɚɩɪɢɤɚɡ
ɱɢɤɚɦɤɵɲɬɵɦɫɤɢɯɡɚɜɨɞɨɜɪɚɩɨɪɬɨɪɞɟɪɡɚɩɪɨɫ
ɢɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɮɨɬɨɤɨɩɢɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɤɨɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭɱɢɬɚɬɟ
ɥɸɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
ɚɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɬɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɢɫɶɦɚɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɞɨ
ɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ȼɬɨɪɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɨɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɢɥɥɸ
ɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ©Ʌɚɧɶª©Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɤɥɭɛɪɭª
ɗȻɋɘɍɪȽȽɉɍ ɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɇȼȽɥɭɯɢɯɨɛɨɛɳɚɟɬɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬ
ɧɸɸɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɦɢɞɨ
ɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɤɨɧɰɚ;9,,,²ɧɚɱɚɥɚ;,;ɜɜɜɧɨɫɢɬ
ɜɚɠɧɵɣɜɤɥɚɞɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɢɫɶɦɚɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚȼɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɩɥɚɧɟɰɟɧɧɵɦɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɮɭɧɤɰɢ
ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɢɞɟɥɨɜɨɣɪɟɱɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫɰɟɥɟɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɞɢɫ
ɤɭɪɫɚɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɨɜɵɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɢɫɬɨɪɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɆɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟ
ɧɢɢɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɟɤɫɬɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ
ɆɢɪɨɧɨɜɚȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚȺɧɚɬɨɥɶɟɜɧɚ²ɞɨɤɬɨɪɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
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ȼɊɍɋɋɄɈɃɆȺɅɈɃɉɊɈɁȿ
Ʌɋəɧɢɰɤɢɣ
ɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɄɟɦɟɪɨɜɨɊɨɫɫɢɹ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤ
ɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣɜɫɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟɩɪɨɡɚɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚȺɜɬɨɪɭɭɞɚɟɬɫɹɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɦɚ
ɥɨɣɩɪɨɡɟɢɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɰɢɤɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɟɪɟɥɨɦ
ɧɵɟɦɨɦɟɧɬɵɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɨɦɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɣɢɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɡɨɪɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɨɬɟɦɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɤɚɤɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɬɚɤɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɢɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɵɣ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɨɬɨɱɬɨɩɨɷɬɢɤɚɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚɢɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ȼɩɨɥɟɡɪɟɧɢɹɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɩɨɩɚɥɢɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɲɢ
ɪɨɤɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɨɰɢɤɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɨɢɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ
ɧɚɡɚɞɜɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯɢɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɪɟɞɤɨɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɵɟɈɛɡɨɪɫɚɦɩɨɫɟɛɟɨɛ
ɥɚɞɚɟɬɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɩɪɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɬɢɤɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢɋɩɢɫɨɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɧɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦɯɭ
ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ
ɤɨɜɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɢɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɋɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜɤɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɸɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣɦɨɠɧɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
ɤɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɜɪɭɫɥɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɲɤɨɥɵ
ɇɅɅɟɣɞɟɪɦɚɧɚɤɬɨɦɭɠɟɨɧɚɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɪɚɡ
ɜɢɜɚɬɶɭɠɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟɢɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɟɝɨ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɞɟɢɰɢɤɥɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɢɰɢɤɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɵɇɅɅɟɣɞɟɪɦɚɧɚȿȼɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɨɣ
ɅȾȽɭɬɪɢɧɨɣȺȼɌɚɝɢɥɶɰɟɜɚ ɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɚɫɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ
ɤɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɯɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɭɸɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɷɪɭ
ɞɢɰɢɸȺɧɚɥɢɡɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ
ɧɚɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɱɟ
ɫɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɫɪɟɞɢɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɰɢɤɥɨɜɟɫɬɶɤɚɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢɩɢɫɚɬɟ
ɥɹɦɢɬɚɤɢɬɟɦɢɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢɤɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɭɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɪɟɞɤɨɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟ
ɞɵɆɧɨɝɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɊɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɵ
ɯɝɨɞɨɜɏɏɜɟɤɚɚɜɬɨɪɩɨɦɢɦɨɩɪɨɱɟɝɨɫɨɡɞɚ
ɟɬɫɜɨɣɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣɨɛɪɚɡɷɬɨɣɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɨɣɷɩɨɯɢ
ɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ
ɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɟɫɶɦɚɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɩɪɨ
ɛɥɟɦɵɩɨɷɬɢɤɢɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚɬɚɤɢɟɤɚɤɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ
ɤɚɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɨɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɫɬɜ
ɢɬɩɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɣɲɟɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɢɩɨɥɨ
ɝɢɢɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɭɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɤɪɨɰɢ
ɤɥɨɜɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɯɝɨɞɨɜɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɢɯ
ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
ɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɩɨɛɭɞɢɥɚɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɞɜɭɯ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯɝɥɚɜɚɯɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɨɛɨɛɳɢɬɶɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟɧɚɭɤɨɣɡɧɚɧɢɹɨɩɪɨ
ɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɢɤɥɚɯɢɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚɯɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɦɨɠɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɬɢɡɚɰɢɸɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɜɧɚɭɤɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɢ
ɩɨɥɨɝɢɢɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɜɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɨɛɨɪɨɬ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯɜɟ
ɝɨɞɵɢɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹɜɷɬɭɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɸɚɬɚɤ
ɠɟɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚ
ȼ ɞ ɜɭ ɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ ɧ ɢ ɯ ɝɥɚ ɜɚ ɯ ɦɨɧɨɝ ɪɚɮɢ ɢ
ɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɚɜɩɨɥɧɨɣɦɟɪɟɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɜɨɢ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɹɬɢɩɵɞɜɭɯɤɨɦ
ɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯɢɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɯɝɨɞɨɜɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɞɚɧɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɢɭɤɚ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɡɪɟɧɢɹɚɜ
ɬɨɪɚȼɷɬɢɯɝɥɚɜɚɯɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɊɟɰɟɧɡɢɹɧɚɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɸɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ©ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜɜɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɦɚɥɨɣɩɪɨɡɟª
ɤɚɤɜɞɜɭɯɢɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɚɯ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɠɚɧɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɯɝɨɞɨɜ
ɏɏɜɟɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɵɦɢɬɨɝɨɦ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɪɚɛɨɬɵɑɬɨɛɵɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɧɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɢɡɞɜɭɯɢɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹɰɟɥɨɫɬ
ɧɨɫɬɶɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɚɜɬɨɪɨɫɭɳɟɫɬ
ɜɥɹɟɬɚɧɚɥɢɡɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ
ɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɪɢɬ
ɦɢɤɨɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɣɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢɢɬɞ
Ɇɨɠɧɨɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɱɬɨɧɚɞɚɧ
ɧɵɣɦɨɦɟɧɬɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɘɉɎɟɨɤɬɢɫɬɨɜɨɣɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɚɦɵɦɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦɢɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɤɥɨɜɜɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɧɨɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɡɧɚɱɢ
ɦɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɟɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɦɨɠɟɬɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟɢɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɯɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ
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