Uploaded by Человек Гражданин

методика расчета потерь бензинов из подземных горизонтальных резервуаров азс

advertisement
::DhjrZd:<DmeZ]bg
Mnbfkdbc]hkm^Zjkl\_ggucg_nlyghcl_ogbq_kdbcmgb\_jkbl_l
F?LH>BD:J:KQ?L:IHL?JV;?GABGH<BAIH>A?FGUO
=HJBAHGL:EVGUOJ?A?J<M:JH<:AK
<<?>?GB? Hkgh\ghchkh[_gghklvxih^a_fguo_fdhkl_cy\ey_lkylhqlhhgbg_ih^\_j`_gu
\ebygbxkmlhqguodhe_[Zgbcl_fi_jZlmjuZlZd`_kheg_qghcjZ^bZpbb<k\yabkwlbf
f_lh^bdZ jZkq_lZ ihl_jv g_nlb b g_nl_ijh^mdlh\ ba ih^h[guo _fdhkl_c g_kdhevdh
hlebqZ_lkyhlijbf_gy_fuo^eygZa_fguoj_a_j\mZjh\
Hkgh\gu_ jZkq_lgu_ mjZ\g_gby ^ey \uqbke_gby ihl_jv m]e_\h^hjh^h\ ba
ih^a_fguo _fdhkl_c ijb\_^_gu \ >@ H^gZdh \ bo hkgh\_ e_`bl bkihevah\Zgb_
dhwnnbpb_glZ ^bnnmabb dhlhjuc oZjZdl_jbam_l lhevdh k\h[h^gmx _kl_kl\_ggmx dhg\_dpbx \ ]Zah\hf ijhkljZgkl\_ < ^_ckl\bl_evghklb gZ fZkkhi_j_ghk \eby_l lZd`_
lmj[mebaZpby iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb b ih\_joghklb `b^dhklb ijb hi_jZpbyo aZdZqdb ±
\udZqdb < k\yab k wlbf jZajZ[hldZ f_lh^bq_kdh]h h[_ki_q_gby iha\heyxs_]h
hij_^_eblvihl_jbg_nl_ijh^mdlh\baaZ]em[e_gguo_fdhkl_cihij_`g_fmZdlmZevgZ
Ijb j_r_gbb l_hj_lbq_kdbo aZ^Zq \k_]^Z `_eZl_evgh ihemqblv aZdhgq_ggh_
ZgZeblbq_kdh_ \ujZ`_gb_ gh ijb wlhf hgh g_ ^he`gh [ulv ^hklb]gmlh iml_f
mijhsZxsbo ^hims_gbc ijb\h^ysbo \ blh]_ d aZf_lghfm hldehg_gbx j_amevlZlh\
jZkq_lZ hl wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguo Rbjhdh_ jZkijhkljZg_gb_ W<F iha\hebeh
baf_gblv ijbhjbl_lu \ j_r_gbb l_hj_lbq_kdbo aZ^Zq ^hklZlhqgh jZkibkZlv kbkl_fm
mjZ\g_gbcZm`__j_r_gb_ij_^klZ\ey_lky©^_ehfl_ogbdbª
F?LH>BD:J:KQ?L:
JZkq_l ihl_jv [_gabgh\ ba aZ]em[e_gguo _fdhkl_c aZ \j_fy τ\ fh`_l [ulv
\uiheg_gihhq_\b^ghcnhjfme_
τa
∫
* = ρ m ⋅ kd ⋅ 4I<K ⋅ Gτ ]^_
ρ m iehlghklv iZjh\ m]e_\h^hjh^ghc `b^dhklb ijb ^Zgguo l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdbo
mkeh\byo
kd ± dhgp_gljZpby m]e_\h^hjh^h\ \ I<K \uoh^ys_c \ fhf_gl \j_f_gb τ k
jZkoh^hf4I<Kq_j_a^uoZl_evgucdeZiZg
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
JZkq_l \_ebqbgu 4I<K \_^_lky kh]eZkgh f_lh^bd_ >@ gZ hkgh\_ mjZ\g_gby
khklhygbyI<K\]Zah\hfijhkljZgkl\_j_a_j\mZjZaZibku\Z_fh]h\\b^_
G
(39 ) = G (*57 ) Gτ
Gτ
]^_ 3 9 * 5 7 ± l_dmsb_ \_ebqbgu \ fhf_gl \j_f_gb τ khhl\_lkl\_ggh
^Z\e_gby h[t_fZ fZkku I<K __ ]Zah\hc ihklhygghc b l_fi_jZlmju \ ]Zah\hf
ijhkljZgkl\_
<mjZ\g_gbb baf_g_gb_h[t_fZ]Zah\h]hijhkljZgkl\Z
^Z\e_gbyijbhldjulhf^uoZl_evghfdeZiZg_
G9
= −4a Zbaf_g_gb_
Gτ
GJ
= Gτ
Baf_g_gb_ fZkku iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb \ ]Zah\hf ijhkljZgkl\_ k\yaZgh k h^ghc
klhjhguk__\ul_kg_gb_f\Zlfhkn_jmZk^jm]hc±k^hgZkus_gb_fI<KijbbkiZj_gbb
[_gabgZl_
]^_
ρ I<K G*
= - a ⋅ ) − ρ I<K ⋅ 4 I<K Gτ
4I<K iehlghklv b h[t_fguc jZkoh^ iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb
\ul_kgy_fhc\Zlfhkn_jm
- a iehlghklv ihlhdZ fZkku \_s_kl\Z bkiZjyxs_]hky k ih\_joghklb
iehsZ^vx)
Kmq_lhf i_j_ibr_fmjZ\g_gb_khklhygby \\b^_
− ) ⋅ 4a = 5 ⋅ 7 (- a ⋅ ) − ρ I<K ⋅ 4I<K ) Mqblu\Zyqlh
J
= ρ I<K ihemqZ_f
57
4 I<K = 4 a +
-a ⋅)
ρ I<K
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
Ba \b^gh qlh f]gh\_gguc jZkoh^ iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb \ul_kgy_fhc \
Zlfhkn_jm ij_\urZ_l jZkoh^ aZdZqdb gZ \_ebqbgm khhl\_lkl\mxs_c fZkk_
g_nl_ijh^mdlZbkiZjyxs_cky\_^bgbpm\j_f_gb
Hlkx^Zf]gh\_ggZy\_ebqbgZdhwnnbpb_glZij_\ur_gbyijbaZdZqd_
d Ia =
4 I<K
-a ⋅)
= +
4a
ρ I<K ⋅ 4a
Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ ij_\ur_gby aZ hi_jZpbx aZdZqdb hij_^_ey_lky
ke_^mxsbf\ujZ`_gb_f
d Ia
=
τ\
τa

-a ⋅ ) 

+
∫  ρ I<K ⋅ 4a Gτ K mq_lhf lh]h qlh \ jZkq_lZo ijbgbfZxlky kj_^gb_ agZq_gby ihegh]h ihlhdZ
fZkkuiehlghklbI<KbjZkoh^ZaZdZqdbihemqbf
d Ia = +
-a
τ \ ⋅ ρ I<K ⋅ 4a
τa
∫ ) Gτ Mqblu\Zy ihemqZ_f kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ jZkoh^Z \ul_kgy_fhc \ Zlfhkn_jm
iZjh\ha^mrghckf_kb
4I<K = d Ia ⋅ 4a Hij_^_e_gb_ \_ebqbg ρm b τ\ \ nhjfme_ g_ \uau\Z_l aZljm^g_gbc gh
g_h[oh^bfh^Zlvj_dhf_g^Zpbbihhij_^_e_gbxf]gh\_gghc\_ebqbgukd
GZ jbkmgd_ ihdZaZg oZjZdl_j jZkij_^_e_gby dhgp_gljZpbb m]e_\h^hjh^h\ ih
\ukhl_=I\i_j\hcklZ^bbgZkus_gby dh]^Zbodhgp_gljZpbyih^djh\e_ckd b\h
\lhjhc dh]^Z kd ! < jZ[hl_ >@ wlh jZkij_^_e_gb_ j_dhf_g^m_lky hibku\Zlv
\ujZ`_gb_f
k m Z⋅mQE ]^_
ZEbQ±wfibjbq_kdb_dhwnnbpb_glu
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
Wdki_jbf_glZevgh mklZgh\e_gh qlh \ j_a_j\mZjZo lbiZ @;J Q ≈ >@ Z \
ih^a_fguoj_a_j\mZjZolbiZJ=KijbaZiheg_gbbQ≈\hk_gg_abfgbci_jbh^bQ≈
\\_k_gg_e_lgbci_jbh^uZijbojZg_gbbbhihjh`g_gbb\h\k_i_jbh^uQ≈>@
LZdbf h[jZahf jZkij_^_e_gb_ dhgp_gljZpbc ih \ukhl_ [m^_l iheghklvx hij_^_e_gh
_keb\ujZablv\_ebqbgudhwnnbpb_glh\ZbE\ijhba\hevgucfhf_gl\j_f_gbτ
>eyi_j\hcklZ^bbgZkus_gbybkihevamydjZ_\u_mkeh\byk mk bk G=I kV
ihemqbf
Z =
kV
E =
G − mFQ
Q
=I
Kd
kV
G
−  =I
 mF



Q
KV
mk
Km
G=I
m
JbkJZkq_lgZyko_fZdaZ^Zq_hibkZgbyjZkij_^_e_gbydhgp_gljZpbbm]e_\h^hjh^h\ih
\ukhl_=IaZ]em[e_gghc_fdhklb
±i_j\ZyklZ^bygZkus_gby±\lhjZyklZ^bygZkus_gby
G_ba\_klgZy\_ebqbgZmkgZoh^blkyq_j_akj_^gxxdhgp_gljZpbxm]e_\h^hjh^h\\
=IjZ\gmxk
k=
G =I
G =I
∫ (Zm
mk
Q
+ E )G\ =
 Z

Q +
Q +
(
)
(
)
+
\
E
+
\
−
+
−
=I
F
=I
F
 + =I  Q + BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
AgZgb_jZkij_^_e_gbydhgp_gljZpbbm]e_\h^hjh^h\\wlhcklZ^bbg_h[oh^bfh^ey
hij_^_e_gby fhf_glZ \j_f_gb dh]^Z gZqbgZ_lky \lhjZy klZ^by gZkus_gby =I
Ijbf_gbl_evghdg_cdjZ_\u_mkeh\bybf_xl\b^k kdbk G=I kVKhhl\_lkl\_ggh
gZoh^bf
Z =
k8 − kd
G
3
=I
- = k d G_ba\_klgZy f]gh\_ggZy \_ebqbgZ dhgp_gljZpbb m]e_\h^hjh^h\ ih^ djh\e_c
gZoh^blkyZgZeh]bqghi_j\hcklZ^bbqlh^Z_l
kd =
]^_
k(Q + ) − k V
Q
k ± kj_^gyy dhgp_gljZpby m]e_\h^hjh^h\ ih \ukhl_ ]Zah\h]h ijhkljZgkl\Z
j_a_j\mZjZ
JZkq_l baf_g_gby kj_^g_c dhgp_gljZpbb m]e_\h^hjh^h\ \ =I ih^a_fghc _fdhklb
\_^_lky q_j_a iehlghklv ihlhdZ fZkku bkiZjyxs_]hky [_gabgZ ^ey khhl\_lkl\mxs_c
l_ogheh]bq_kdhchi_jZpbbihf_lh^bd_hibkZgghc\>@
Dhgp_gljZpby m]e_\h^hjh^h\ \ _]h =I gZoh^blky f_lh^hf ihke_^h\Zl_evguo
ijb[eb`_gbc\ke_^mxs_cihke_^h\Zl_evghklb
aZ^Zxlkykj_^g_c aZhi_jZpbx dhgp_gljZpb_ckm]e_\h^hjh^h\\=I
\uqbkeyxl dbg_fZlbq_kdmx \yadhklv iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb b dhwnnbpb_gl
^bnnmabb iZjh\ g_nl_ijh^mdlZ 'f ijb wlhc dhgp_gljZpbb b kj_^g_c l_fi_jZlmj_
ijhp_kkZL
\uqbkeyxl iehlghklv ihlhdZ fZkku - b h[smx fZkkm ¨P\ bkiZjyxs_]hky
g_nl_ijh^mdlZ
gZoh^yl fZkkh\mx k b h[t_fgmx k dhgp_gljZpbb m]e_\h^hjh^h\ \ =I d dhgpm
jZkkfZljb\Z_fhcl_ogheh]bq_kdhchi_jZpbb
G_h[oh^bfh^h[blvkyjZ\_gkl\Z\_ebqbgkbk BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
<U<H>U
JZajZ[hlZgZ f_lh^bdZ ijh]ghabjh\Zgby ihl_jv [_gabgh\ ijb hi_jZpbyo
aZiheg_gby j_a_j\mZjZ gZ hkgh\_ bkihevah\Zgbygh\uodjbl_jbZevguomjZ\g_gbc
fZkkhl^Zqb Ij_^eh`_ggZy f_lh^bdZ ih kjZ\g_gbx k jZg__ jZajZ[hlZggufb
mqblu\Z_l lmj[mebaZpbx iZjh\ha^mrghc kf_kb b ih\_joghklb `b^dhklb ijb
hi_jZpbyoaZdZqdb
Kj_^g_d\Z^jZlbq_kdZy ih]j_rghklv jZkq_lZ \_ebqbgu ihl_jv hl ©[hevrbo
^uoZgbcª ih ^Zgghc f_lh^bd_ ih kjZ\g_gbx k wdki_jbf_glZevgufb ^Zggufb
khklZ\ey_l
EBL?J:LMJ: :[mah\Z NN;jhgrl_cgBKGh\hk_eh\<Nb^j;hjv[Zkihl_jyfbg_nlbb
g_nl_ijh^mdlh\ijbboljZgkihjlbjh\d_bojZg_gbb±FG_^jZ±k
=baaZlh\ F: KhdjZs_gb_ ihl_jv [_gabgh\ hl bkiZj_gby gZ Z\lhaZijZ\hqguo
klZgpbyog_nl_[Za>bk«dZg^l_oggZmd±MnZk
DhjrZd::Kh\j_f_ggu_kj_^kl\ZkhdjZs_gbyihl_jv[_gabgh\hlbkiZj_gby±
MnZHHH©>baZcgIheb]jZnK_j\bkª]k
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
G_nl_]Zah\h_^_ehKWWSZZZRJEXVUX
Download