Н. Л. Утевская English Grammar Book KEYS to the Exercises Санкт Петербург 2.0 version ББК 81.2Англ У84 По вопросам приобретения продукции издательства обращайтесь: ООО «Антология»: тел.: (812) 328 14 41 www.anthologybooks.ru e mail: sales@bookstreet.ru Огромный выбор учебной и методической литературы в интернет магазине: www.bookstreet.ru У84 Утевская Н. Л. English Grammar Book. Version 2.0 : Keys to the Exercises = Ключи к упражнениям учебного пособия “English Grammar Book. Version 2.0”. – СПб. : Антология, 2011. – 128 c. ISBN 978 5 94962 183 7 В этом издании даны ключи к большей части упражнений пере работанного учебного пособия “English Grammar Book. Version 2.0”. С помощью этих ключей можно проверить правильность выполне ния грамматических заданий. Издание предназначается прежде всего лицам, самостоятель но изучающим английский язык. ББК 81.2Англ ISBN 978 5 94962 183 7 © Утевская Н. Л., 2011 © ООО «Антология», 2011 Contents The Noun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Adjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Adverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Numeral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Pronoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 The Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 The Sequence of Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 The Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Modal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 The Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 The Verbals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 The Preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 The Conjunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 The Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Emphatic Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Appendix 8. Phrasal Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 The Noun Number Exercise X (p. 25) 1. I want your advice in this question. 2. Many of these pieces of advice were very useful to us. 3. All the data were very important. 4. We got the same data. 5. This money is not mine. 6. How much money do you have? I have little money; it isn’t enough to buy a radio set. 7. His knowledge in this field surprised us. 8. Your knowledge is not enough to fulfil this work. 9. His works in the field of physics are widely known. 10. What interesting work! 11. What news have you brought to us? 12. This news is already known to everybody. 13. What rainy weather! 14. In her childhood her hair was quite fair; now it has darkened. 15. I can tell you about very interesting phenomena which were observed by our scientists. Exercise XI (p. 25) 1. The fruit in our garden has already ripened. 2. I like this watch very much. Where did you buy it? 3. Hair grows quicker in the childhood. 4. What pleasant news: our friends whom we waited for a long time come to us. 5. What are the contents of this book? 6. The knowledge received in the young age remain in memory for long years. 7. Money is kept in a wallet or a purse. 8. When we sleep, our clothes lie usually on the chair near the bed. 9. Which of these sheep will be sent to the exhibition? 10. The fishermen were glad: they caught much fish. 11. My fellow travellers were gay and interesting people. 12. Take these scissors, they are sharp. 13. A boy has grown and his trousers have become short for him. 14. There were six pair of stockings in the box. 15. His clothes are quite new. Exercise XII (p. 25) 1. Fruit and vegetables are wholesome for health. 2. A young specialist always followed his friends’ advice. 3. Your brother makes good progress in studies. 4. I can tell you very interesting news. 5. Buy two pair of gloves and two dozen of woollen socks for children. 6. What are your wages? 7. There are deer in this forest. 8. I don’t know how these data are important. 9. This is very difficult but interesting work. 10. Your watch keeps bad time. 11. I couldn’t enter the garden because the gates were closed. 12. The goods have just arrived. 13. The contents of his letter were quite unexpected. 4 14. Who does this money belong to? 15. What colour is her hair? 16. This money is yours, isn’t it? Case Exercise VII (p. 29) 1. Do you know Pete’s telephone number? 2. Do you have the map of Europe? 3. My brother’s working day begins at 9 o’clock in the morning. 4. Do you know your teacher’s opinion? 5. My sister’s husband left for Moscow. 6. They informed us about the arrival of a taxi. 7. The students fulfilled the teacher’s advice. 8. I don’t know the headmistress’s decisions yet. 9. We haven’t got the customers’ answers yet. 10. My husband’s sister works at school. 11. Let’s go to the confectioner’s. 12. He is still at your mother’s. Exercise VIII (p. 29) 1. The tourists’ camp was situated at the bank of the river. 2. They went to the children’s Footwear Department. 3. Whose proposal do you support – the headmaster’s or the chief engineer’s? 4. What is your friend’s sister name? 5. He didn’t have a bicycle of his own, he took his neighbour’s bicycle. 6. Her eyes were as beautiful as her mother’s. 7. My brother and I bought the shoes at the same time. Mine have already worn out, and my brother’s are quite new. 8. In the sanatorium after dinner it is necessary to rest for an hour. 9. Opinions differed. Some suggested seeing the New Year in at the Petrovs’ and the others at the Nikitins’. 10. On the way home we bought a large bunch of roses – my mother’s favourite flowers. 11. The population of London is more than eight million people. 12. The portrait of Rembrandt’s wife is one of the masterpieces of the painter. Exercise IX (p. 30) 1. Ilf’s and Petrov’s books are very popular in our country. 2. I like Shakespeare’s plays very much. 3. Her face was very little like a child’s. 4. He is one of my father’s closest friends. 5. I don’t like Ann’s new friend. 6. I spent my winter holidays at my aunt’s. 7. How I like this father’s portrait! 8. Yesterday I had no time to go to the barber’s. 9. Today we are going to our grandfather’s and grandmother’s. 10. There were four doors at the landing. I didn’t know which of them was my friends’ door. 11. What is your opinion about today’s travel? 12. Some days ago I met my mother’s old friend. 13. Yesterday I gave my watch to the watchmaker’s. 14. I had a five minute’s talk with the teacher of literature. 15. I remember this Mary’s smile very much. 5 16. The doctor’s eyes met his eyes. 17. I don’t like this new Mary’s friend. Exercise X (p. 30) 1. I spent a week at my mother’s friend who lives in New York. 2. In today’s newspaper there is a long article of my teacher. 3. There were some minutes’ walk to his work. 4. He will never forget his grandmother’s kindness. 5. The master of the house doesn’t live in it, but sometimes he comes here. 6. The tone of his voice was very kind. 7. He went to the chemist’s to buy some medicine. 8. These are not my friends. These are my mother’s and father’s friends. 9. I am not at home now. I am at Helen’s. 10. Whom did you meet at my parents’? 11. He is still at his mother’s. 12. I met them when they were returning from his friends’. 13. Whose composition do you like more: Nick’s or Helen’s? 14. She is one of my father’s cousins. 15. This is one of my mother’s favourite books. 16. Little Tom was smiling. His smile was like his father’s smile. 17. I have no camera of my own. This is my grandfather’s camera. 18. Philip was one of old John’s schoolmates. The Article Exercise I (p. 39) 1. a, (–); 2. (–), (–), (–) (–); 3. a, a; 4. a, (–); 5. a, (–), (–); 6. a, a, an; 7. (–), (–), a, (–); 8. a, a; 9. (–), an, an, (–); 10. a, a, a; 11. an, a, an, (–), a; 12. (–), (–), a, (–); 13. (–), a; 14. a, (–), (–). Exercise II (p. 40) 1. a, a, a; 2. (–), a, an, a; 3. (–), a, an, a; 4. a, (–), a; 5. a, a, a; 6. a, a, (–); 7. an, (–); 8. (–),(–); 9. an, a, a, a, (–); 10. a, a, a, a; 11. (–), a, a; 12. (–), a; 13. (–), a; 14. a, a. Exercise III (p. 40) 1. the, (–), the, (–); 2. the, the, the; 3. the, (–),(–), the; 4. (–), (–); 5. the, the, the, the; 6. (–), (–), (–), the, (–); 7. (–), the, (–), (–); 8. (–), (–), the; 9. (–), (–), (–); 10. (the), (the), the; 11. (–), (–), the, the, the; 12. the, the, the, the; 13. the, (–), (–); 14. (–), the, (–), (–); 15. (–), (–), (–); 16. the, (–), the, the; 17. (–), (–), (–), (–), (–). Exercise IV (p. 41) 1. the, (–),(–), the; 2. (–),(–), the, the; 3. (–),(–), the; 4. (–), the, (–), the; 5. (–), (–), (–), the, the, (–), the, the, the, the, the, (–), (–); 6. the, the, the, 6 (–); 7. the, the, the, the, the, the; 8. the, (–), the, the, (–), the; 9. (–), (–), the, (–); 10. the, (–), (–), (–), the; 11. (–), the, the, the; 12. the, the, (–), the, (–), the, the; 13. the, the, the, the, the, the. Exercise V (p. 42) a, the, the, (–), (–); the; the, (–); a, the; the, the, (–); the, the, the, the; the; a, the; (–), a, (–); the, a; the, a, the, the. Exercise VI (p. 42) 1. (–), (–), (–); 2. the, (–); 3. (–); 4. (–); 5. a, (–), the; 6. a, the; 7. a, the, the; 8. a, the, the, the; 9. an, (–), the, (–), (–); 10. (–), (the), the; 11. (–), a; 12. a, the, the; 13. a, (–); 14. the, the, (–), (–), the; 15. a, a, (–); 16. a; 17. the, (–); 18. (–), the; 19. (–), the, (–); 20. (–). Exercise VII (p. 42) 1. the, (–),(–); 2. an; 3. (–), the, (–), (–); 4. a, (–); 5. an; 6. the, the; 7. the; 8. the, (–), the, the; 9. the, the; 10. the; 11. (–), the; 12. (–), the, a; 13. a, the. Exercise VIII (p. 43) 1. the, the, the, a, the; 2. a, a, a, (–), (–); 3. (–), (–), (–), (–); 4. (–), the, a, (–), the; (–), the, (–); 5. a, the, the, the; 6. a, a, a, the, the, the, (–); 7. the, the; 8. the, the; 9. a; the, the; 10. a, the, the; 11. (–), the; 12. (–), the, (–); 13. (–), a. Exercise IX (p. 43) 1. I got acquainted with him in a small southern town. 2. A man is waiting for you near the house. 3. Who has brought this letter? – A boy has. 4. Where is the dictionary? – It is in the bookcase. 5. Who is this woman? – She is the wife of an engineer, who works in our plant. 6. A man rang you up today in the morning. 7. I knew them when they were students. 8. He was born in a little town not far from Moscow. 9. The door opened and a young man with a suitcase in his hand entered the room. 10. When the professor entered the auditorium, the students stood up. 11. A child studies a foreign language easily. 12. What a beautiful day! 13. What warm weather! 14. It is such an interesting story. 15. It is a too easy text for you. 16. They are such educated people! Exercise X (p. 44) 1. Last summer we lived in a village situated on the bank of the Volga, in a little house surrounded by a large garden. 2. Large old limes grew 7 in front of the house. 3. Yesterday I spoke to the man who spent some years in China. 4. I don’t remember the figures which he mentioned in his report. 5. A man who wants to master a foreign language must work very hard and systematically. 6. I have just read a story which I liked very much. 7. The story which I have just read is very interesting. 8. Shall we meet after school? – Where? – At the entrance to school. 9. It was already night; but fortunately it was a summer night, and the weather was dry. 10. A day has just begun, and the air was clean and cool. 11. I’ll call on you after dinner. 12. He asked me to tell you that they would go on an excursion to the Hermitage next week. 13. He was recommended to us as a man with the good knowledge of a language. 14. Some people eat icecream in the street even in winter. 15. Such data are always necessary. Exercise XI (p. 44) 1. A bookshelf is more convenient than a bookcase in a small room. 2. He likes to drink not from a cup, but only from a glass. 3. Such a problem must interest you. 4. They entered the carriage where there were no vacant seats. 5. I have never seen the friendship stronger than that one of these two people. 6. She looked at the clock on the corner of the street and understood that she had been late for the train. 7. Today the group of journalists that consists mainly of the students will begin to climb the Elbrus. 8. Your son will be operated on by the surgeon who is working at the thesis on this subject. 9. Early in the morning before breakfast the sportsmen went to the river to bathe. 10. What shall we have for supper? 11. You can always get hot breakfast in this canteen. 12. On Saturdays they usually have guests to supper. 13. Excursionists come here by land and by sea in the daytime and at night. 14. We spent summer on the Dneper. 15. Be attentive, you have made a mistake. Exercise XII (p. 44) 1. I want a piece of advice in this difficult affair. 2. It’s a pity to be indoors in such beautiful weather. 3. Don’t sit in the sun for such a long time, you will have a headache. 4. The Black Sea is very rough in winter. 5. She likes music very much. 6. The sky was clear, and the stars were shining brightly. 7. What pleasant news you have brought to us! 8. The Volga is the most important waterway in this country. 9. It was an early morning, and the grass was covered with dew. 10. The milk which I bought today in the morning turned sour. 11. It was a warm morning; a light wind was blowing from the sea. 12. Very good sorts of grapes grew in the Crimea. 13. It was evening 8 and the family was sitting at table. 14. Tea is very strong, pour some water, please. 15. I hope that you won’t spend your holidays in town. The Adjective Exercise II (p. 47) a stormy sea a metallic sound childish behaviour valuable forests wonderful nature a mysterious place a poetic phrase a comfortable armchair a friendly class a courageous deed central streets an adventurous trip Exercise III (p. 47) Wonderful, friendly, troublesome, bloody, harmful, careful, greenish, woollen, tiresome, truthful, comfortable, faithful, shameful, sunny, wooden, attractive, foolish, humorous, occasional, rainy, natural. Exercise IV (p. 47) 1. foolish; 2. central; 3. valuable; 4. athletic; 5. starry; 6. comfortable; 7. humorous; 8. friendly. Exercise VII (p. 48) geographical personal heroic patriotic enjoyable truthful mysterious glorious noisy wonderful greedy grassy eatable delightful understandable lucky classic nervous colourful careful artistic experimental healthy remarkable funny harmful fantastic fearful Exercise VIII (p. 48) Uncertain, unpleasant, inattentive, incapable, illegal, unsuccessful, indefinite, immoral, invisible, unimportant, unfriendly, inconvenient, illogical, impolite, unhappy, impatient, ungrateful, uneducated. Exercise IX (p. 49) 1. improbable; 2. unfair; 3. unwell, disagreeable; 4. illegible; 5. unsatisfactory. 9 Exercise X (p. 49) Incapable, inconvenient, unconnected, inofficial, unsatisfactory, unjust, immovable, unsettled, insignificant, impatient, illiterate, ungrateful, unnatural, irreligious, independent. Exercise XII (p. 49) 1. A badly-written book. 2. A not-polluted city. 3. A long-awaited announcement. 4. A three-year course. 5. A hard-working worker. 6. A two-hour bus journey. 7. A five-star hotel. 8. A good-ventilated room. Word Oder of Adjectives Exercise I (p. 51) 1. A pretty little Japanese girl. 2. A wedding expensive white silk dress. 3. A pair of walking old black leather shoes. 4. A famous ancient English monument. 5. A detective fascinating new French film. 6. A lovely red marble chess set. 7. A lovely dessert crystal bowl. Exercise II (p. 51) 1. A long cream linen dress. 2. A delicious home-made three-course meal. 3. A nice interesting short speech. 4. Excellent live Spanish music. 5. A big round gold brooch. 6. A smart new grey woollen suit. 7. An old black leather jacket. Exercise III (p. 51) 1. long fair hair 2. a large wooden table 3. a long wide street 4. a tall thin girl 5. a little old cottage 6. a good-looking young woman 7. a small black cat 10 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. a beautiful red dress an old cotton shirt a little blue car a small wooden box an old Italian song a nice sunny day Comparison of Adjectives Exercise X (p. 60) a) more difficult; much more difficult; still more difficult; the most difficult. b) a larger number; by far larger number; still larger number; the largest number. c) a more difficult problem; much more difficult problem; still more difficult problem; the most difficult problem; the most difficult problem as it is only possible. Exercise XI (p. 60) 1. I heard two reports. The first was much more interesting than the second. 2. This text is still more difficult than that one which we translated the other day. 3. It is an extremely important question. 4. Every day the weather became worse. 5. Today it is hotter than it was yesterday. 6. I did not think that my new job would turn out so difficult. 7. This problem is not so serious as it seems to you. 8. The language of this article is easier. Begin with it. 9. We need a smaller wardrobe as the room is not large. 10. Your brother is a very capable man; he is the most capable from our young scientists. 11. I advise you to go this road as it is the shortest way. 12. A coat is not a bit worse after cleaning. 13. The more you will be in the open air, the better health you will have. 14. Who is the best sportsman in your team? 15. This time I have less mistakes than there were in the last composition. Exercise XII (p. 61) 1. Is your brother much elder than you? No, he is younger than me. 2. The latest edition of this book is already sold out. 3. We had to put off our trip to the country as the weather got worse and worse. 4. She was much younger than her sister and less merry. 5. The latest news on TV begins at 9 o’clock. 6. The quicker you will go to the doctor, the easier it will be to cure your illness. 7. The more you will read, the quicker you will broaden your vocabulary. 8. He is strong, he can lift a box three times as heavy. 9. Today it is twice as cold as it was yesterday. 10. I found him in the farthest corner of the park. 11. Tell me please where the nearest baker’s is. 12. Jane was a year elder than Maria. 13. He felt better and better. 14. In winter Moscow was always more attractive for him than in summer. 15. Your memory is not at all better than mine. 16. Which of all these books do you like best of all? 17. You can rely on him. He will do this work as quickly as I will. 11 Exercise XIII (p. 61) 1. The theme you are working at is more difficult than mine. 2. My shoes are worse than yours. Your shoes are more fashionable and convenient. 3. The worst season of the year in India is the period of rains. 4. My father was the eldest son in the family. 5. Do you know the latest news about your friend? 6. The last chapter in this novel is the most interesting one. 7. On Sunday I got up later than usual. 8. The most interesting question on the agenda was about the work of the students’ scientific society. 9. He spends a greater part of his spare time in the library. 10. Today we have less work than yesterday. 11. They were walking as slowly as we were. 12. Now you study better than last year. 13. How old is your younger sister? 14. My room is not so light as yours. 15. The more I look at this picture, the more I like it. 16. The less you speak, the better. 17. The quicker you will do it, the better. Exercise XIV (p. 62) 1. This book is the most interesting in his library. 2. This is the most beautiful house in this district. 3. This boy is taller than all the other boys in the form. 4. Aeroplanes can fly quicker than birds, can’t they? 5. He is as capable as his brothers. 6. You are much cleverer than your brothers. 7. The second text is much more difficult than the first one, and the third is still more difficult. 8. This is the best decision one can only imagine. 9. Which city of England is the farthest from the sea shore? 10. The shorter is your composition, the better. 11. The more attentive you will be, the less mistakes you will make. 12. Haven’t you heard the latest news? 13. Today we have more work than we had yesterday. 14. She translates slower than you do. 15. You are the best pupil of our class, aren’t you? 16. Where is the nearest metro station here? 17. I have read as many books as you have. 18. Who jumps higher and runs quicker? Exercise XV (p. 62) 1. The most beautiful fabrics at the exhibition were marked by the prizes. 2. The smallest radio set is placed in a matchbox. 3. The greatest achievements of science must serve people. 4. The most complicated task was entrusted to the best pupil. 5. I want to buy shoes with a longer toe and higher heels. 6. The most famous actors of the world perform in the hall of the Petersburg Philharmonic Society. 7. The majority of my friends live in Moscow. 8. A musician performed his last composition. 9. I found him in the farthest room of the flat. 10. This aeroplane is of the latest construction. 11. Our coach is the oldest member of our sports club. 12. The more interesting is the book, the quicker it is read. 13. He would like to work at the more 12 complicated theme. 14. Buy the lighter wallpaper for your rom. Then it won’t look so gloomy as it looks now. 15. This room is lighter. It will suit better for the studio. Exercise XVI (p. 63) 1. Many consider that Sevan Lake in Armenia is the most beautiful mountain lake. 2. A man has the most complicated organism of all the living creatures. 3. He spends the most part of his spare time in the library. 4. She put on a smart brown skirt and a white blouse that made her much younger than she was. 5. This translation is twice as simple. You will cope with it. 6. A new stadium is several times as large as an old one. 7. Though this room is half the size I like it better. 8. You should remember that Peter is ten years younger than Tom’s. 9. Do you like this suit? Yes, I do. But it is one time and a half as expensive. 10. Today it is twice as cold as it was yesterday. 11. All his friends are twice as old as he is. 12. The pond is a little bigger lengthwise than widthwise. 13. He was the kindest and the most pleasant man whom I had ever known. 14. She was called Helen as it was the most fashionable name for girls at that time. The Adverb Exercise VI (p. 70) 1. high; 2. highly; 3. close; 4. near; 5. nearly; 6. deeply; 7. deep; 8. hard; 9. hardly; 10. short; 11. shortly; 12. wide; 13. widely; 14. close; 15. high; 16. hardly; 17. deep; 18. dearly; 19. dearly; 20. loud; 21. deeply; 22. short. Exercise VIII (p. 71) 1. The weather was extremely gloomy on that day. 2. I have never seen a talking parrot. 3. Tomorrow we will go to the country. 4. My aunt Helen lives here with her little daughter. 5. The boys seldom read this magazine. 6. I only looked at the apple, I didn’t touch it. 7. Poor Tom has never realized before how long it is from breakfast to dinner. 8. His father has been in the Far East nearly two years. 9. I could hardly enough thank my sister. 10. Everything was soon quite ready. 13 Exercise IX (p. 71) 1. hard; 2. hardly; 3. loudly; 4. deep; 5. close; 6. high; 7. sharp; 8. sharply; 9. far; 10. almost; 11. badly; 12. widely; 13. very; 14. deeply; 15. quickly; 16. deeply; 17. hard, scarcely; 18. well. Exercise X (p. 71) 1. wide; 2. deeply; 3. justly; 4. near; 5. hard; 6. almost; 7. highly; 8. soon; 9. clearly, more vaguely; 10. loudly, long; 11. easier; 12. well, badly; 13. hardly; 14. hard. Exercise XI (p. 72) 1. You always come in time. 2. Our teacher never speaks Russian at the lessons. 3. Sometimes you are wrong. 4. She works hard at this problem. 5. I have just finished my work. 6. I will never forget this meeting. 7. I haven’t returned the books to the library yet. 8. Have you already written a letter? 9. He has been just seen in the next room. 10. He was seldom asked about it. 11. You can always turn to him for help. 12. You should never forget about it. 13. We saw him at the theatre yesterday. 14. I will often remember these merry days. 15. We will sometimes meet with them at the lectures. 16. In summer we almost always live in the Caucasus. 17. I slept well after our trip yesterday. Exercise XII (p. 72) 1. Has your sister returned to St Petersburg? – No, she hasn’t come yet. She is in Sochi. – Where else is she going before coming home? 2. Have you finished doing your homework? – No, I haven’t. The composition hasn’t been written yet. I am still writing it. – What else must you do today? – Nothing more. 3. Have you already read this interesting novel? – No, I haven’t read it till the end yet. I am still reading it. 4. It is already ten o’clock and he hasn’t come yet. He already had to come half an hour ago. I think he is still at home. He hasn’t left yet. 5. Have you already translated this article? – Not yet. I have been translating it already for two weeks but I haven’t finished it yet. Exercise XIII (p. 72) 1. The longer I look at the picture, the more I like it. 2. Before doing some conclusions you must deeply study this item. 3. Have I rightly understood you? 4. The more interesting is the book, the quicker you read it. 5. A short-sighted man has to bring the text close to the eyes. 6. Only a highly qualified worker can operate this complicated lathe. 7. The book was so fascinating that I read it till the deep night. 8. I was 14 deeply touched by his care. 9. The earlier you come, the quicker we will finish the work. 10. Look straight into my eyes. 11. He was interrupted in the very middle of the speech. 12. This month I spent on buying books three times as much as last month. 13. Wait, they will come soon. 14. A patient was breathing hard. 15. A patient was hardly breathing. 16. He has returned from his business trip lately. 17. This expression was widely used in English in the sixteenth century. 18. We live quite close to the railway. Exercise XIV (p. 73) 1. The door was widely open, and they entered without ringing. 2. He came home soon after we had gone. 3. You have so strongly changed that I have hardly recognized you. 4. She breathed slowly and deeply after the competition. 5. During the talk he was attentively looking at her. 6. Little John went downstairs and sat on the lower step. 7. We were considered highly educated people. 8. The quicker you will read the book, the better. 9. The more he thought about his travel, the more he liked it. 10. In the course of two or three days the doctor attentively watched Tom. 11. The child cut his thumb, and he was crying badly, when mother came into the children’s room. 12. He slipped and nearly fell. 13. He left his dog near the house. 14. He looked fixedly at the girl who was sitting opposite him. Exercise XV (p. 73) 1. The quicker you turn to the doctor, the easier it will be to cure your illness. 2. The letter came soon after your departure. 3. The more you will learn English words, the better you will know the language. 4. Early or late it had to take place. 5. Which of all these books do you like best of all? 6. Oliver came to the porch and asked shyly to drink. Then still more shyly he asked a piece of bread. 7. Speak louder! 8. The more you will be out of doors, the better you will have the appetite. 9. Once you have promised you must do it. 10. The speedometer showed that a car went twice as quicker as before. 11. I play chess worst of all. 12. Who lives farther from university: you or your friend? 13. Which from all the pictures at the exhibition do you like best of all? 14. My friend runs faster than I do. Exercise XVI (p. 74) 1. Who from the students of your group lives farther than all the students from university? 2. Which of these two pictures do you like more? 3. You always come to the meetings later than I do. 4. This year you work less than last year. 5. From all your drawings I like this 15 landscape less of all. 6. My friend should work far better to get rid of such mistakes. 7. Have you already read this interesting article? – I am still reading it. I haven’t read it yet till the end. 8. It is already eight o’clock, and he hasn’t got up and hasn’t had breakfast yet. He is still sleeping. 9. I have got a postcard from my brother lately. I haven’t got anything more from him. I haven’t got a telegram yet which says how he feels. 10. She was so nervous that she could hardly answer the questions. 11. You seldom come in time. 12. He is never late for the lectures. 13. He has just been seen in the next room. 14. You can always turn to him for help. 15. I have met my schoolmate recently. The Numeral Exercise II (p. 77) Three, four, fourteen, forty, fifteen, eighteen, eighty, twelve, a (one) hundred, two hundred and twenty-six, seven hundred and five, a (one) thousand, four thousand five hundred and sixty eight, six thousand and eight, seventy five, one hundred and thirty seven, four hundred and twenty-five, seven hundred and twelve, a (one) million three hundred and six thousand five hundred and twenty-seven, two million thirty-two thousand six hundred and seventy-eight, three thousand four hundred and fifty-three, six hundred and ninety-six, one seventh, two nineteenth, one and one fifth, eight and three eighths, nought point eight, one point three five, two point nought seven, two point three eight six, three point one four. Exercise V (p. 77) b) common fractions: two thirds, three fifths, five eighths, seven sixteenths, nine thirty second, a (one) quarter, three quarters c) decimal fractions: two point five; two five point one six; three one point seven five; four nine point one six five; nought point three six; nought point one nought five. Exercise VII (p. 77) 1. Two thousand roubles. 2. Thousands of people. 3. Three hundred and forty metres. 4. Hundreds of years. 5. A (one) thousand four hundred kilometres. 6. Twelve students. 7. Fifty cars. 8. Three kilograms and a half. 9. ¾ hour (three quarters of an hour). 10. Sixteen per cent. 16 11. ¾ tonne (three quarters of a tonne). 12. ½ centimetre (half a centimetre). 13. Two hundred and sixty five metres. 14. 0.75 per cent (nought point seven five per cent). 15. Two hours and a half. Exercise VIII (p. 78) 1 /4 kilometre (one quarter of a kilometre); 1/2 hour (half an hour); 1 /3 pound (one third pound); 23/4 per cent (two and three fourth per cent); 0.105 metre (nought point one nought five metre); 2.18 pounds (two point one eight pounds); 17.562 tonnes (one seven point five six two tonnes); 5 per cent (five per cent); 23 centimetres (twenty-three centimetres); 1/2 per cent (a half per cent); 11/3 pounds (one and one (a) pound and a third); 21/2 tonnes (two and a half tonnes); 35 dollars (thirty-five dollars); 2500 roubles (two thousand five hundred roubles); 3 /4 kilometre (three quarters of a kilometre); 0.2 per cent (nought point two per cent); 6.8 metres (six point eight metres); 31/2 hours (three and a half hours); 3445 roubles (three thousand four hundred and fortyfive roubles). Exercise IX (p. 78) 1. Fifty kilograms. 2. Three hundred cars. 3. Sixty-one grams. 4. Two million tonnes. 5. Hundreds of boxes. 6. Thousands of books. 7. Two hundred and eighty-one dollars. 8. Three thousand roubles. 9. Forty pounds. 10. Thirty-four dollars and ten cents. 11. A hundred of bicycles. 12. Three hundred years. The Pronoun Personal and Possessive Adjectives/ Pronouns Exercise VIII (p. 83) 1. A new railway has been built; its length is more than thousands kilometres. 2. A new bridge has been built; its width is about a hundred metres. 3. I have got many books of this poet; I am a great admirer of his talent. 4. I prefer the Crimea to the Caucasus because of its drier climate. 5. This car is not very large, but its motor is rather powerful. 6. I can’t go in my car now: its motor is not in order. 7. Whose photographs are these? – Mine. 8. Don’t touch an iron, it is hot. 9. Eat more carrots, they are very wholesome. 10. Where is the fruit? They 17 are in the refrigerator. 11. It is your notebook, and this is his, but where is mine? 12. I met my old friend on board the ship. He was my brother’s friend too. Exercise IX (p. 83) 1. You go in the same compartment, but he has an upper berth and you have a lower berth. 2. Whose poems did you like more: his or that young poet’s? 3. He took the key of his neighbour instead of his. 4. We shared our experience with him and they theirs. 5. The results showed that our plan was more correct than theirs. 6. The best offer is yours. 7. When you see him, give him his pencil. 8. We invited them to our party, and they promised to come with their teacher. 9. Mother asked her to bring her magazines from the room, and she brought hers. 10. She looked into her room and quickly returned to his. 11. She entered the bathroom to wash her face and hands. 12. He was two years older than I and my friend. Exercise X (p. 83) 1. His uncle was the headmaster of school. – And mine as well. 2. I suppose that I am right thinking that he is one of your students. 3. His opinion was the same as mine. 4. His English was as good as theirs. 5. Tom has got a letter from his schoolmate recently. 6. I had a strange feeling when we spoke about his friends. 7. In those days I seldom saw my schoolmate and in his presence I felt awkward as he did in mine. 8. One of my nieces rang me up today in the morning. 9. “Will we go to our friend in your car or in mine today?” asked Ann. 10. He says that he is one of your friends or you are one of his. 11. I will read you my composition and I want you to read me yours. 12. I see that you have no dictionary and I want to give you mine. 13. I haven’t written my exercises yet. And are yours ready? 14. Here is your bag. And where is mine? 15. You haven’t shown me your report yet. Exercise XI (p. 84) 1. If you left your key at home, I can give you mine. 2. He put on his cap and coat and went out to the street. 3. In the morning I have breakfast, tidy up my room and go to work. 4. If she has no umbrella on her, give her yours. 5. Our secretary knows her duties well. 6. You haven’t told me your opinion about my work yet. 7. It is raining. Put on your raincoat. 8. Take your money, please. I can lose it. 9. He admits his shortcomings. 10. Mind your own business. 11. He put on his cap and went out. 12. We took off our coats and 18 entered the room. 13. They don’t want to see your drawings, they want to see mine. 14. You can do without my help very well, but not without theirs. Demonstrative Pronouns Exercise III (p. 85) 1. same; 2. this; 3. those; 4. that’s; 5. such; 6. those; 7. that; 8. those; 9. this; 10. these, those; 11. such; 12. that; 13. those; 14. such. Exercise V (p. 86) 1. The climate of Italy is better than that of England. 2. Your mistakes are worse than those made by your friend. 3. He always comes here at the same time. 4. Such was the result of their argument. 5. At this moment I saw my friend in the hall. 6. He told her about his work in hospital, and she told him what she did at university on that day. 7. I am busy at this moment. 8. This book is mine and that is yours. 9. Those first August days I had few things to do at work. 10. It is such an interesting novel! 11. That day I was ill and didn’t go to the lectures at university. 12. These shoes do not suit me. Give me those, please. 13. Read the same text, please. 14. I have never had such work. 15. Winter in England is milder than that on the continent. 16. The smell of a rose is more pleasant than that of a lily. 17. Don’t touch those toys, take the toys in the corner. 18. I like such little towns as this one. 19. She has long curly hair. I have never seen such beautiful hair. 20. I have brought the latest news to you. These pieces of news are the most important ones. Exercise VI (p. 87) 1. Whose shoes are these? – These are my shoes. 2. Somebody looked into the room. It was my neighbour. 3. When I first saw him he was still quite a young man. 4. Where did you put money? – It is in the purse, on the shelf. 5. Do you remember her? She was a very gay girl. 6. These were the most beautiful roses I have ever seen. 7. I got all the information which you had sent to me. It is very interesting. But is not the full information yet. 8. There was much fruit in the beautiful vases on the table. 9. What is with your watch? – It is five minutes slow. 10. Look, who is that? – It is one of our students. I saw him somewhere. – Probably at the competitions; it is one of our sportsmen. – Yes, now I recognize him, it is he. 11. Who is there? – Open, it’s me. 19 Exercise VII (p. 87) 1. Many years ago there was a library in this house. 2. Look at the little house with the green roof on that bank of the river. 3. They go to Poland soon. They think that they have to be in this country about a year. 4. He was in China some years ago but at that time he didn’t know the Chinese language yet. 5. These are my exercisebooks and those are yours. 6. I don’t want to call him now. He is always having dinner at that time. 7. Take these magazines on the table, but don’t take those magazines on the shelf. 8. How are these sentences called? 9. What colour is that wallpaper? 10. It was 1810. In those days there were no railways in our country. 11. This letter is from my elder brother whom I did not see for a year and a half. 12. All these problems have been discussed many times, but not one of them has been solved yet. Interrogative Pronouns Exercise IV (p. 89) 1. Who has left a dictionary on the table? 2. Who of them did you ask about it? 3. Who are you waiting here? 4. What floor do you live? 5. What will we write today: a dictation or grammar exercises? 6. Which month is the coldest in Moscow? 7. Which language do you know better: English or German? 8. What do you prefer: tea or coffee? 9. What were you speaking about when I met you? 10. Whom have you given your dictionary? 11. Which of these stories is the shortest? 12. What colour is this wallpaper? 13. Whose exercisebook is this? 14. What do you think about this question? 15. What is this young man? He is a student. 16. What do you want: cheese, butter or biscuits? 17. Who invented radio? 18. What magazines did you buy? 19. Who knows the address of our teacher? 20. Whom did you ask? 21. Who from our group wrote a dictation without any mistakes? Relative Pronouns Exercise III (p. 90) 1. It is my friend whom you saw at the cinema with me yesterday. 2. A passenger whose suitcase lay near him said that the place was occupied. 3. I haven’t yet checked a dictation which you wrote yesterday. 4. I don’t know anybody who lives in this flat. 5. It is that 20 dog that we saw at the circus. 6. The girl whom he told you about is my friend’s sister. 7. The student whom I lent my dictionary will bring it tomorrow morning. 8. It is the most interesting book which I have ever read on this theme. 9. We passed by the room the door of which was open. 10. He helped me to carry my suitcase: that was very kind of him. 11. In the forest there were already a lot of trees whose leaves were quite yellow. 12. Is it that book you are looking for? 13. The man whom we met in the corridor is the headmaster of our school. 14. He was the only student who wrote this dictation with some mistakes. Exercise IV (p. 91) 1. The book which you gave me yesterday is very interesting. 2. What is the name of the man whom you have just spoken to? 3. This is the house in which I lived in my childhood. 4. He showed me a beautiful picture which he had bought not long ago. 5. Yesterday I met my old friend whom I didn’t recognize at once. 6. The man who has just called you asked to pass you something. 7. The address to which I wrote proved to be wrong. 8. He is one of the most interesting men whom I have ever met. 9. It is a letter from my elder brother whom I didn’t see a year and a half. 10. The wood of which this furniture is made is very hard. 11. The train from Moscow that must arrive at 5.30 is late. Reflexive/Emphatic Pronouns Exercise III (p. 95) 1. I will answer this letter myself. 2. He doesn’t like to speak about himself. 3. They wanted to do it themselves. 4. Your father was here himself. 5. He told us a lot about himself. 6. I will leave this book for myself. 7. She will bring you the book herself. 8. He went there and saw everything himself. 9. Let the children do their homework themselves. 10. If he is busy, I can go to the theatre myself. 11. When she was ready, she looked at the mirror at herself. 12. He often spoke to himself. 13. That evening they had to have dinner themselves. 14. They preferred to drink tea themselves, and after tea they played chess. 15. Return, my boy, and close the door. Doors are not closed themselves. 16. I can give you my photo myself. 17. Coffee was ready. She poured herself a cup and sat at table. 18. He was surprised at himself. 19. Don’t shave in the darkness. You can cut yourself. 20. He boldly defended himself. 21 Exercise IV (p. 95) 1. I will see him myself. 2. Then she wanted to do something herself. 3. That evening she was kindness herself. 4.There were such moments when he felt extremely sorry for himself. 5. He thinks too much about himself. 6. He reproached himself very much for his behaviour that evening. 7. He was displeased with himself. 8. They have done it not for themselves but for their friends. 9. A young man said nothing about himself, and we didn’t know even the name of our rescuer. 10. After the illness she is too weak to take care of herself. 11. We saw a beautiful forest lake in front of ourselves. 12. She wants to do it herself. 13. I am very much surprised that he behaved himself in such a way. 14. Don’t worry, I bring a letter to the post office myself. 15. He told us a lot about himself. 16. You see it yourself that you are wrong. Reciprocal Pronouns Exercise III (p. 96) 1. Pete and Lena love each other very much. 2. After school holidays the students were glad to see one another. 3. Everybody in our family helps one another. 4. These two brothers never saw each other. 5. They often quarrelled with each other. 6. They continued working helping each other. 7. Their eyes met for a second, and they understood the thoughts of each other. 8. They have known each other for two years. 9. They often see one another. 10. When they met again they recognized each other. 11. They accuse each other but, probably, they are both guilty. 12. They often visited one another. 13. We looked at one another with excitement. 14. Her children always helped one another. 15. Two people nodded each other. Exercise IV (p. 97) 1. Though they lived in one and the same street they seldom saw each other. 2. The members of our family live in different towns; though we do not see one another for several years we often write letters to one another. 3. When the former classmates met, they did not recognize one another. 4. We must help one another. 5. The two friends looked at each other. 6. When the friends parted, they wrote down the telephone numbers of one another. Then they exchanged the photos of one another. 7. Mother and her son sat opposite each other. 8. They first saw each other some years ago. 9. The sisters looked like each other. 10. They kissed and embraced each other. 22 Indefinite and Negative Pronouns Exercise VI (p. 102) 1. I see some note on our table. Has anybody come in? 2. To my mind there are some mistakes in the article. Haven’t you noticed? – I haven’t noticed anything for the time being. 3. I can’t tell you anything. Ask somebody else. 4. I don’t see anything suitable for me on the shop window. Can you show me something else? – Unfortunately I can’t offer you anything more now. Come any day next week. 5. Has he told you anything? And he has something to tell you: I think he has seen more than any of us for this period of time. 6. Nobody tells me anything. Perhaps, you will tell me something. 7. I see somebody’s wet umbrella in the hall. Has anybody come? 8. Will somebody from you give me their notes? 9. Take anybody’s notes and look through the lectures you missed. 10. I am too tired to busy myself with something serious. 11. Let’s meet some other day. On Wednesday I won’t have any time. 12. Is there any butter on the table? Yes, there is some. 13. If you have nothing to do, go for a walk. 14. We knew nobody at the party. 15. She saw nobody as it was dark in the room. 16. Nobody from the children has got up yet. 17. Today there are no mistakes in your dictation. 18. I will be in my study if you need something. 19. Did you manage to find articles on this problem? 20. Can we do something for you? 21. Father, are you free? I wish to tell you something. 22. Have you been proposed to read some interesting articles in this magazine? Exercise VII (p. 103) 1. I went to the post office and bought some stamps and envelopes. 2. There are no illustrations in this magazine. 3. If you have any books on this problem, bring them, please. 4. Why hasn’t he brought me some water? I asked him to bring me some as I am very thirsty. 5. Somebody has left the door open. 6. Has anybody called me? 7. If you find something interesting in this magazine, send it to me, please. 9. Any of you can do this. 10. I have no time to go there. 11. If you have some spare time, watch this film. 12. Have you spoken to anybody about it? 13. He knows nothing about it. 14. You may find him here any day between 5 and 6 o’clock. 15. Can you give me some paper? I want to write a letter. 16. Are there any English magazines in our library? 17. Are there any questions to the reporter? 18. He will certainly answer any question. 19. I haven’t warned about it some of my friends yet. 20. Part of the work will be done tomorrow. 21. Can I play everything I want? 23 Exercise VIII (p. 103) 1. each; 2. every; 3. each; 4. each; 5. each; 6. every; 7. every; 8. each; 9. every; 10. every; 11. each; 12. each; 13. each; 14. every, every; 15. every; 16. each. Exercise IX (p. 104) 1. every, each; 2. either, each; 3. either; 4. everybody, each; 5. everybody; 6. every; 7. every; 8. every; 9. each; 10. either; 11. every; 12. each; 13. each. Exercise X (p. 104) 1. every; 2. each; 3. every; 4. all; 5. all; 6. each; 7. all; 8. every; 9. every; 10. all; 11. all; 12. every; 13. every; 14. all; 15. every. Exercise XI (p. 104) 1. everything; 2. everybody; 3. everybody; 4. all; 5. everybody; 6. all; 7. everybody; 8. all; 9. all; 10. everything; 11. everybody; 12. all; 13. all; 14. everybody; 15. everything; 16. all; 17. everything. Exercise XII (p. 105) 1. Every schoolboy knows the rules of street traffic. 2. She met him at the skating-rink every Saturday. 3. It is known that almost every child likes apples. We gave each girl and each boy an apple. 4. Every week I spent some days in the village. 5. He continued looking at the watch every five minutes. 6. They sent me two tickets to the Mariinsky Theatre. 7. Every student must know his duties. 8. Each of us had to fulfil his work in time. 9. When he was a student he went to the south every year. 10. He shook hands with each guest. 11. He visits us every Sunday. 12. We meet with our friends in the south every summer. 13. At the conference each was given a writing pad and a pen. 14. A teacher said that each of us must read this article attentively. 15. I remember every house in our street. Exercise XV (p. 106) 1. This sheet of paper is too small. Give me another one. 2. I knocked at the door but nobody answered. I knocked another time. 3. On Monday I will be busy. Come some other day. 4. Some people like to skate, others prefer to ski. 5. Why are you alone, where are the others? 6. We got over the other bank of the river by boat. 7. I would like to see some other film. 8. Some our students stayed at university. All the others went on an excursion. 9. I saw my friend on the other side of the street and waved her with the hand. 10. I have got two sisters. One is 24 a schoolgirl, the other is a student. 11. Give me any other dictionary. 12. I have got only one glove in the pocket. Where is the other? 13. Will you have another cup of tea? 14. It is already late, don’t speak so loudly: mind other people. Exercise XVII (p. 106) 1. One should be careful when bathing in the sea. 2. One never knows what may happen. 3. One must observe the rules of street traffic. 4. If one made a mistake, it should be corrected. 5. One may send a telegram over the phone. 6. One must always keep a word. 7. Before going somewhere, one should book a ticket. 8. One may find out the timetable of trains in the inquiry bureau. 9. One should have great patience if you work with children. 10. One should work hard wishing to achieve good results in the studies. 11. One should take into consideration the other opinion. 12. One can’t judge about the book without reading it up to the end. Exercise XXI (p. 108) 1. She decided to invite nobody to herself before her husband’s arrival. 2. We knew nobody at this party. 3. Nobody spoke. Everybody listened attentively to the lecturer. 4. None of the children hasn’t come from school yet. 5. Neither of the journalists has written about it. 6. I have no time to help you today. 7. Is there a telephone in the room? – No, there isn’t. 8. Neither of the ships has left the port yet. 9. There is nothing in the box. 10. Both smiled but neither of them spoke. 11. Neither of them could answer this question. 12. Nothing was seen in the darkness. 13. I told him nothing though he insisted. 14. There were no flowers in the vase. 15. Nothing special happened yesterday. 16. I have found no mistakes in your translation. 17. No information was received from him. 18. We read nothing about it. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Little, a Few Exercise I (p. 109) 1. Much was said but little done. 2. Say little and do much. 3. Very few people know about it. 4. Many heard about the book, but few read it. 5. Much is spoken about it, but few believe it. 6. The forces were unequal, they were many, we were few. 7. We shan’t get all into the car. This one is too little. 8. He has very much knowledge of the matter. 9. There isn’t much harm in it. 10. Is there little milk left in the jar? – No, there is quite much milk left there. 11. There were many people in the 25 streets. There were few people in the streets. 12. I haven’t heard much about this composer. 13. Hurry up! There is little time left. 14. She is a person of few words. 15. How many exercise-books do you want me to buy? 16. How much time does it take you to get to your office? 17 How many times did you visit the Russian Museum? Exercise II (p. 109) 1. He knows little, but he knows more than you. 2. He knows more than you, but it doesn’t mean that he knows much. 3. We need no less than five days to complete the work. 4. Many were present, much more than you can imagine. 5. The instrument is very sensitive, the little noise affects its work. 6. The food did not look appetizing, to say more of it. 7. There were many objections to the plan, but the most part of it was approved of. 8. I can’t do much for you, this is the most I can do, and I think it’s more than we had planned before. 9. Take this road, it has fewer turns. 10. I have so many things to do that I don’t know which to do first. 11. Nowadays he was very busy and he couldn’t see many of his old friends. 12. She was glad to see me because I was English and she knew few English people. Exercise III (p. 109) 1. much; 2. little; 3. little; 4. a few; 5. many; 6. much; 7. a few; 8. much; 9. little; 10. many; 11. few; 12. many; 13. few; 14. much. Exercise IV (p. 110) 1. a few; 2. much, little; 3. many, a few; 4. much, many, few; 5. much; 6. many; 7. much; 8. a few; 9. little; 10. much; 11. a little; 12. many. Exercise V (p. 110) 1. few; 2. a few; 3. little, a little; 4. few; 5. a few; 6. little; 7. little; 8. little; 9. few; 10. a little; 11. a few. Exercise VI (p. 110) 1. a lot of; 2. lots of; 3. a great deal of; 4. a lot; 5. lots of; 6. plenty of; 7. a lot of; 8. lots of; 9. plenty of; 10. a lot of. Exercise VII (p. 111) 1. The famous Russian painter I. Levitan painted a lot of beautiful pictures. 2. Russia exports lots of wood. 3. You spent too much time on this translation. 4. There are plenty of English books in the library. 5. I have got a little time. 6. I have got a few books on this question. 7. We invited a lot of friends to the birthday party. 8. Lots of people were 26 invited, but not many came. 9. It is said little about it. 10. What can I tell you if I know so little about it myself? 11. There were few children in the street. 12. A great many children were at the concert at school. Exercise VIII (p. 111) 1. Much from what he said had already been discussed before. 2. Many have already heard this. 3. Little was said, but much was done. 4. Very few know about it. 5. As usual he spoke much but said little. 6. He said that he had read many detective novels during the holidays. 7. To my great pity I have little time. 8. There are many mistakes on the usage of tenses in the test paper. 9. Much from what he had said was new for us. 10. He is said to have written few books, but almost all his books were great success. 11. You have made much more mistakes than the others. 12. I have made three mistakes more than he has. 13. This time you have made three times less mistakes than it was last time. The Verb Simple Tenses The Present Simple Tense Exercise VI (p. 121) 1. My friend studies two foreign languages. 2. What books do you read? 3. During the lesson we read, write dictations, do exercises and speak English. 4. Do you speak English or Russian with your teacher? 5. Usually we speak English, sometimes Russian. 6. Who gives you English books for reading? – My teacher does. 7. What magazines do you like to read? 8. Every morning my friend comes to St Petersburg and in the evening he goes home. 9. He always comes to his work in time. 10. When do you usually come home from his work? 11. What do you do in the evening? I come home and do my homework. 12. How often do you do your homework together with your friend? – Two, three times a week. Exercise VII (p. 121) I 1. I work at a large office. 2. My working day usually begins at 8 o’clock in the morning. 3. I get up, do morning exercises, wash and have breakfast. 4. After breakfast I go to work. 5. As I live near my 27 place of work, I go there on foot. 6. I am busy at work from 9 o’clock in the morning till 6 o’clock in the evening. 7. I also study. I study at the preparatory classes. 8. We have lessons on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 9. Our studies begin at half past six and are over at half past nine. 10. In the evening when I have no classes, I read a little, watch TV programme or listen to the radio. 11. Sometimes I go for a walk and visit my friends. 12. At 12 o’clock I usually go to bed. II I have a friend. His name is Nicholas. His parents do not live in Moscow. They live in Kiev. Nicholas plays sport. He studies at Moscow University. He has breakfast at the canteen of university. That’s why he leaves home at 8 o’clock. He needs 15–20 minutes to go to university. Sometimes after the classes he goes to the library where he reads books and looks through newspapers. The Past Simple Tense Exercise VII (p. 126) 1. He used to be a lecturer at university. 2. She used to live in that house when she was young. 3. There used to be a small house here, but now there is a new factory. 4. In her childhood Mary used to drink a glass of milk every morning. 5. Peter used to be very fat. 6. Grandmother would always grumble. 7. Helen used to be often late for work. 8. I used to have very good eyesight. Exercise VIII (p. 126) 1. I met him yesterday. We were afraid to miss the train. Fortunately, at the corner of our street we saw a taxi and came to the railway station in time. 2. In summer I did not write to you because I had lost your address. 3. Last week I wrote her two letters but I did not get an answer. 4. When did you translate this difficult article? 5. What did you do yesterday: did you translate an article or did you write a composition? 6. When my sister was well, she always made dresses for her and me herself. 7. Last year she made me a very beautiful dress. 8. Last summer we visited many museums. 9. Yesterday I could not come home in time that’s why I had dinner in the canteen. 10. When did you get this letter? Yesterday in the morning. Exercise IX (p. 126) 1. Did you watch a film on TV yesterday in the evening? – Yes, I did. 2. Did you like it? – Not very. 3. What did you do at the weekend? – I visited my friends. 28 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Did you record a lecture on a tape recorder yesterday? – Yes, I did. Did your friend enter university last year? How did you spend your holidays last year? When did you come? Where were you yesterday evening? When did you go to the Tretyakov Gallery last time? Where did you go last spring? Exercise X (p. 126) 1. He smiled when he saw his friend in the window of the carriage. 2. He says that he does not remember all the details in the novel, as he read it as early as in his childhood. 3. This book is already not on sale. It’s a pity I didn’t buy it last week. 4. Does he seem to be very interested in chemistry? – Yes, he does. He was interested in it as far back as at school. 5. Why didn’t you come for a book when I asked you? 6. I am angry with you because you were so inattentive yesterday. 7. She stayed at the hotel as she had a headache, and we went sightseeing. 8. Our library supplies the students with all the necessary books for them. 9. Some ages ago there were no trains, cars and trams, people travel in carriages. 10. In the youth I used to go hunting with my father. 11. It is a pity that he doesn’t want to use this wonderful possibility. 12. From his smile I understood that it was pleasant for him to hear this news. 13. When I was a student I usually had dinner in the student canteen. 14. I am very thankful to you that when you met him you reminded him about it. 15. Latin is a dead language now, but four centuries ago it was an international language. The Future Simple Tense Exercise VIII (p. 130) 1. I will wait till he finishes his story, and then I will ask him to answer my question. 2. I will speak to him when he comes, but I am not sure if he will come today. 3. I do not know when I will get an answer from her, but as soon as I get it I will call you immediately. 4. If you work hard, you will soon finish your work. 5. I will call on you before I leave Moscow. 6. I will let you know as soon as I get a letter from him. 7. I will speak to him when I meet him. 8. He will take English lessons twice a week. 9. As soon as my sister comes, I will send you a note; if you are free, you will come to see her. 10. When we go to the Crimea I will bathe a lot in the Black Sea. 11. I will be very sorry if you don’t take part in the excursion. 12. It is better to consult a doctor before you agree to take part in a trip. 29 Exercise IX (p. 130) 1. If you learn new words, you will write a dictation well. 2. I will be very thankful to you if you help me to translate this article. 3. I think everything will be clear as soon as we get a letter from him. 4. If she rings us up and we will be not at home, ask her if she will call on us in the evening. 5. If you take a taxi, you will have time to meet your brother. 6. As soon as you see him, ask him when he will leave. 7. If you get to the camp the first, wait for us. 8. As soon as you come to town come to me: there is enough place for all your family in the house. 9. I will be very grateful to you if you remind my brother about his promise. 10. He promised to get me some books as soon as I begin working at the article. 11. I am sure that everybody will like her as soon as she begins working with us. 12. I won’t be able to come to you today if I have to stay here after work. Exercise X (p. 131) 1. I wonder when they will return. 2. You will recognize Tom at once as soon as you see him. 3. If you meet Ann, ask her to hurry. 4. She will be very glad when she meets you there. 5. I don’t remember when they will return. 6. If he is late, we will go without him. 7. I will give you this book on condition that you return it soon. 8. You will not know English till you begin to study hard. 9. When it gets dark, we will switch on the light. 10. I do not know when we will meet again. 12. If you don’t leave immediately, you will miss the train. 13. Stand here till the light is green. 13. I will tell him this news as soon as he comes here. 15. If you read when the light is bad, you will ruin your eyesight. Continuous (Progressive) Tenses The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise VI (p. 135) a) 1. What picture are you looking at? 2. What question are you asking? 3. What exercise are they doing? 4. What question are they answering? 5. Whose story are you reading? 6. Whose magazine is he taking? 7. Whose pen is he writing? 8. Whose pen are you giving to me? 9. What exercise are you writing? 10. What story are you reading? 11. What programme are you watching? 12. What text are you translating? b) 1. Who is reading a book? 2. Who is speaking over the telephone? 3. Who is writing on the blackboard? 4. Who is drawing books 30 from the library? 5. Who is putting a newspaper in the letter-box? 6. Who is writing a dictation? 7. Who is answering the questions? 8. Who is reciting a poem? 9. Who is reading a magazine? 10. Who is speaking to teacher? c) 1. What are you writing? 2. What are you reading? 3. What are you listening to? 4. What are you telling them about? 5. What are you working at? 6. What are you speaking about? 7. What are you looking at? 8. What are you asking? 9. What are you thinking about? 10. What are you translating? d) 1. Where are you looking? 2. Where are you putting a newspaper? 3 Where are you standing? 4. Where are you sitting? 5. Where are you sending a letter? 6. Where are you resting now? 7. Where are you living? 8. Where are you working? 9. Where are you sending a telegram? 10. Where are you having an English lesson? e) 1. Why are you closing the window? 2. Why is he asking the same question? 3. Why are you laughing? 4. Why are you hurrying? 5. Why are you leaving? 6. Why are you showing this magazine? 7. Why are you sitting at the window? 8. Why are you not listening to the teacher? 9. Why are you coughing? 10. Why are you not writing an exercise? 11. Why are you locking the door? Exercise VII (p. 136) 1. Are you hurrying to the classes? – Yes, I am. We have a lecture at 11 o’clock. 2. Where are you going? – I am going to the library. 3. Are you reading? What are you reading? 4. Whom are you writing a letter? – To my sister. 5. Is your brother at home now? – Yes, he is. He is busy now. He is doing his homework. 6. I want to see professor Petrov. – I am sorry, he is not here. He is delivering a lecture. 7. Where is Victor? – He is in a reading room. He is reading newspapers. – What newspapers is he reading? – I don’t know. 8. Don’t enter the classroom. The students are writing a test paper. 9. Next week we are going to Sochi. 10. The delegation is coming tomorrow. What unit are you studying now? – We are studying the 5th unit. 12. Where is everybody hurrying? – To the stadium. There is an interesting match there. 13. Don’t make a noise. The children are sleeping. 14. What is Pete doing? – He is drawing. 15. Are you already finishing this work? 16. Don’t disturb me. I am preparing for a report. 16. Is father at home? – Yes, he is. He is working in the garden. 17. What are you thinking about? 18. Whom is he speaking there? 19. What are you looking at? 20. What are you speaking about? 31 Comparison of the Present Simple and the Present Continuous Exercise VI (p. 138) 1. Where is Nicholas? – He is in the garden. – What is he doing there? 2. I do not understand what you are speaking about. 3. Does he know that we are leaving? 4. What do you think what they are waiting for? 5. I do not know why I am crying. 6. Why are you not eating the soup? – I do not want. 7. I do not see what you are writing. – I am writing a letter to my brother who lives in Moscow. We are great friends and we often write to each other. Now he is working at his diploma work. 8. I see two students and hear their voices, but I do not understand what language they are speaking. It may be an oriental language but I don’t know oriental languages. 9. I like when all our family gathers together in the evenings. Usually we speak about our work. Now we are all in the dining room. We are drinking tea. Father is looking through a newspaper. My brother is telling us about the latest news at university. Mother is looking at the watch and saying that it is time for junior children to go to bed. 10. What does your brother do? – He works at the plant. – And what is he doing now? – He is reading a newspaper. I bring him newspapers when he comes from his work. 11. Don’t go out. It is raining. 12. It often rains in St Petersburg in autumn. 13. May I see Mihailov? No, you cannot. He is having dinner. He always has dinner at that time. Exercise VII (p. 139) 1. It is still raining. I see some rain drops on the glass. 2. These people are fixedly looking at you. Do you know them? 3. What is the name of the magazine you are looking through? 4. Why are you standing in the doorway? Come in, we are just drinking tea; drink a cup of tea with us. 5. We are coming nearer to the sea. 6. What are you listening to? – I am listening to a concert from the Philarmonic Society. 7. Certainly this man speaks English very well, but it is difficult for me to understand him as he speaks very quickly and I know the language not quite well. 8. A young man with whom a journalist is speaking is a well known painter. Now he is probably telling him about his pictures. 9. I don’t love such people like he is. He always dreams but does nothing to realize his dreams. 10. Please call the railway station and find out when the train arrives from Moscow. 11. Take out your ticket. A ticket collector is checking tickets. 12. Don’t move, a photographer is already taking your photo. 13. She always complains about her son whenever I met her. 32 14. You say that you leave soon. Maybe you will be here till he comes? 15. Don’t enter the room, my brother is preparing for the exam there. The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise VI (p. 141) 1. I was reading a newspaper yesterday at 5 o’clock in the evening. 2. On Sunday from 2 o’clock till 4 o’clock we were working in the garden. 3. We were studying English the whole day. 4. When I rang him up he was preparing for the lessons. 5. We were going to the library when she met us. 6. What were you doing last Saturday in the evening from 5 o’clock till 7 o’clock? 7. When I was writing a letter, he was doing an English exercise. 8. We were watching TV, and they were listening to the radio. 9. He was reading a newspaper during dinner. 10. It was already dark when they were going out of the forest. 11. Where were you working today at 9 o’clock in the morning? 12. I was waiting for you from 3 o’clock till 4 o’clock, and then I went away. 13. We sat on the bench. The two boys were talking loudly near us. One of them was asking questions and the other was answering them. The two girls were playing under the tree. Some students were walking along the paths of the park. The birds were singing in the trees. It was getting hot and we decided to bathe. Exercise VII (p. 142) 1. He was writing an exercise when I entered the room. 2. It was raining when I left the house. 3. What was he doing when you came to him? 4. He hurt the leg while he was playing football. 5.When I was going here I met your brother. 6. It was evening. My wife was reading a book, and I was writing a letter. Suddenly the door opened and my brother entered the room. 7. It was 10 o’clock when I entered the office. Some visitors were waiting for the manager. The secretary was speaking over the telephone with somebody. 8. I was having dinner when he rang me up. 9. I was returning home rather late. It was getting dark, and it was raining. I was walking quickly, as I had no umbrella and I was afraid to get wet. 10. The children were playing chess, and their mother was cooking dinner at that time. 11. Where were you hurrying when I met you? 12. The fire began at night when everybody was sleeping. 13. While he was making tea, she was watching him. 14. When he entered I was looking through the book of his early sketches. 33 Comparison of the Past Continuous (Progressive) and the Past Simple Exercise III (p. 143) 1. Can you recollect what you were doing at that time? 2. When we left the cinema, it was still snowing heavily. 3. She was writing something when I entered. 4. He was working from morning till night because he wished to save the necessary sum of money and go away from here. 5. All the time while Peter was telling his story, she was fixedly looking at him. She tried to understand what kind of man he was. 6. The train was approaching the station, the delegates were standing at the windows and waving their hats. The children with flowers were running along the platform. 7. The passengers never saw Lake Baikal. When the train was passing Baikal it was night. 8. The hunters stopped talking, a beautiful deer was slowly approaching them. 9. While the director was talking with the representatives of foreign firms, the secretary was sorting the morning post. 10. While he was going through the crowd he heard that somebody called him. 11. We came to the railway square. The crowds of people were hurrying to the railway station and from the railway station; the cars were arriving and leaving, somebody was buying flowers. 12. While a porter and a driver were packing his things into the car, Jack saw his brother. He was standing behind the glass doors. Exercise IV (p. 143) 1. At three o’clock he was not at home. He was working in the library at that time. When I came to the library, he was still working there. 2. I heard the lecturer badly as I was sitting far from him, and he was speaking rather quietly. 3. It was late and it was getting dark, and we decided to return home. While we were walking, it was raining all the time and the cold wind was blowing. 4. It was a sunny day. We were skating the whole morning. When we were skating it began snowing. 5. When the ship sailed, the passengers were standing on deck and waving with handkerchiefs to their friends who remained on the pier. 6. The salute began, crowds of people were going to the embankment of the Neva. 7. When Tom came to the street, all the children were playing with the ball. 8. It was already dark when we came up to the house; the strong wind was blowing and it was getting colder and colder. 9. The youths made friends when they were travelling together through the mountains of the Caucasus. 10. It was snowing heavily when we came out of the house. 11. She was translating an article at the time when we were watching TV. 12. We were bathing in the river when it began raining. 34 Exercise V (p. 144) 1. I met him when he was going home. 2. We were standing on the platform when the train arrived. 3. My sister came when we were having dinner. 4. It was snowing the whole day yesterday. 5. Where were you at 11 o’clock? I was skating. 6. You were travelling at this time last year, weren’t you? 7. The woman told something to the boy who was going near her. 8. When I entered the hall, the students were still discussing the first report. 9. The secretary was typing the report when the director came in and put some papers on the table. 10. The train was approaching the station. Many people were hurrying to the railway station. 11. When the boy fell asleep, he was still holding a new toy. 12. He woke up as the telephone was ringing near his bed. 13. A young girl was singing a merry song when she was going upstairs. 14. Her hand was trembling when she hanged the telephone receiver. The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise VI (p. 146) 1. And they will be playing draughts. 2. I will probably be writing a report. 3. He will be training the youth team. 4. And I will be writing a composition about the creative work of Chekhov. 5. You two will be going to the north to join your expedition, and I will be going to the Urals. 6. And you will be preparing for the exam at this time. 7. And we will be leaving at this time. Exercise VII (p. 147) 1. Tomorrow at this time you will be listening to the wonderful opera. 2. You will see, in a minute he will be telling you about his meeting with the champion. 3. When we come home, mother will be still cooking dinner and we will have to wait. 4. If you want to see them, you should hurry, otherwise I am afraid you will come and they will be leaving. 5. Don’t ring me up from 3 o’clock till 5 o’clock: I will be working at the laboratory. 6. At 5 o’clock sharp tomorrow many astronomers will be watching the Solar eclipse. 7. Go downstairs, I am coming after you now. 8. At 6 o’clock sharp I will be waiting for you at the trolleybus stop. 9. He will be learning English when you come. 10. Tomorrow at 10 o’clock I’ll be taking an exam in history. 11. Don’t come to me tomorrow at 2 o’clock in the afternoon, I’ll be preparing for my report. 12. Will you be still working if I come at 9 o’clock? 35 Perfect Tenses The Present Perfect Tense Exercise VII (p. 150) 1. I have never been to this theatre. 2. We have just spoken to him about it. 3. He has just left. 4. The meeting hasn’t begun yet. 5. We have already looked through new newspapers. 6. She has always been present at our meetings this year. 7. I have already shown him the way to the station. 8. I haven’t been to the cinema since September. 9. We have never skated in the forest in winter. 10. They haven’t seen him lately. 11. This week she hasn’t visited the classes. 12. My son has just come from England. 13. We haven’t discussed this problem at the meeting yet. 14. She has come here several times lately. 15. My mother has already answered this letter. 16. We have never studied Spanish. 17. We haven’t got any news since they left for the USA. 18. They have arranged a wonderful art exhibition recently. Exercise VIII (p. 150) 1. Where is Petrov? Why hasn’t he come to university? I haven’t seen him today. I am afraid he has fallen ill. – You are mistaken. Petrov is here. He has just gone to the lecture. But you can’t speak to him now as the lecture has already begun. 2. This year we have read a lot. We have read some English books in the original. I always liked English literature. – Do you know the English literature of the XXth century well? – I have read all the works of Galsworthy, Maugham and Cronin. Some novels I have read in Russian. 3. Have you visited the exhibition of Shishkin’s pictures? – Yes, I have been there several times. I was always interested in the creative work of this painter. I have never seen something more beautiful than his landscapes. 4. I like travelling very much. I have already been to many cities of our country. I haven’t been to Novgorod since we moved to St Petersburg. I like this ancient city very much. Exercise IX (p. 151) – Hi, Boris! – Hello, Nicholas! – I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been all this time? – You see, I have just come from the Crimea. 36 – You have seen a lot of beautiful places, haven’t you? – O, yes. By the way, have you ever been to Alupka? – It’s a pity, I have never been there, but I’ve heard a lot about this place. – Oh, it’s a wonderful place. – Did you go there alone? – No, together with Victor. You remember him, don’t you? – Certainly. Has he already graduated from university? – Yes, he has. He became a journalist. – And how are you? I haven’t known anything about you for a long time. – Thank you. Everything is all right. Call on me. I am always glad to see you. Exercise X (p. 151) 1. I haven’t heard about it yet. 2. Who has come? At last you have come! 3. May I read your composition or have you handed it in to your teacher? 4. Have you found your umbrella? – Yes, I have. And where did you find it? – I found it in my room. 5. I will give you this book after I read it. 6. I haven’t got any letters from him lately. 7. I haven’t got any news from him since he left Moscow. 8. He left Moscow three years ago and I haven’t seen him since that time. 9. Why have you put on your coat? It is quite warm. 10. He has put the documents on the table and left the room. 11. I don’t know what time it is as my watch has stopped.12. I haven’t seen him since summer. 13. I have already told you about it twice. Don’t you remember? 14. At last a taxi has stopped at the entrance of a large house. 15. Your friend has come. He is waiting for you downstairs. Comparison of the Present Perfect and the Past Simple Exercise I (p. 152) 1. Have you ever been to the picture gallery? – Yes, I visited it once when a youth, and the pictures made a great impression on me. Since then I have not been here. 2. Have you already seen the new film? – Yes, I managed to see it yesterday. I went to the cinema in the evening and got two tickets quite easily. 3. Did you always draw books from our library? – Yes, as a rule I did. Last year I went to another library but I did not find it as good as this one. I have drawn books from here for some 6 months already. 4. I have not seen anything of Helen lately. When did you see her last? – I met her two days ago. I think that she 37 has changed very much. 5. Have you already had dinner? – No, not yet. The waiter took my order 15 minutes ago and has not brought me anything yet. 6. Have you ever heard Lemeshev sing? – Oh, yes. He was a splendid singer and a very good actor as well. 7. Where did you get this fine new bag from? – My parents gave it to me as a birthday present. 8. She has just reminded me that we were at school together. 9. I have met Nick at the station this morning. 10. She finished tidying up the flat, then she began cooking dinner. 11. I have seen his name in the papers very often of late. 12. They left just a week ago. 13. Most of the children here have had the flu already. 14. I have loved you since I saw you at the party. Exercise II (p. 152) 1. Have you written a letter to your friend at last? – Yes, I have. – When did you write it? – I wrote it last night. – And why haven’t you sent it yet? – I left it at home in the morning, and I have been busy since I returned home. 2. Has Jane come home? – Not yet. I am very anxious about her. When did she leave? – She left home at 6 o’clock and she went straight to the dentist. – Don’t worry. I am sure the doctor detained her. – But it’s 9 o’clock now, so she has been away from home for three hours already. 3. Look! What letter I have just received from mother. – Anything has happened? – Father has fallen ill. – Ill again! He was ill in September. – Yes. At first the doctors said it was the flu. But then he felt worse and they took him to the hospital. Mother writes he has been ill for more than a week already. Exercise IV (p. 153) 1. I have finished my report. Look at it, please. 2. Have you read today’s newspapers? Certainly. 3. Have you sent for a doctor? – Yes, I have. He will come soon. 4. Have you known Helen for a long time? – I have known her for six years already. 5. Today my friend has called me. 6. Last year he left for the north and since then I haven’t seen him. 7. I met with Ann at my friends’ three years ago, and I haven’t heard anything about her since then. 8. Do you know this city well? – No, I have never been here before. 9. He has changed very much lately, hasn’t he? – I haven’t noticed. 10. You haven’t visited us since you came. 11. I can’t go to the cinema with you because I haven’t done my homework yet. 12. I am glad to see you. I have heard so much about you. 13. When did you take part in the sports competitions? 14. My friend has never been abroad. He has gone to the USA lately. 38 Exercise V (p. 154) 1. When did they leave? – I don’t know exactly. I was not at home. 2. I am very thankful to you for everything you have done for me. 3. We have just sold the last copy of this book. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us before that you need it. 4. It has stopped raining, and people are going without raincoats and umbrellas. 5. When we were students we always helped each other. 6. I am very glad to get acquainted with you. I have heard about you so much and wanted to meet you long ago. 7. I have known him for many years; he has always been a good friend to me. 8. The examiners have already come and asked three students. 9. Where did you get this wonderful carpet? I have had it since I moved to this flat. 10. Where did she go today in the morning? She went to the library and then called on her friend. 11. She has written some letters this week. 12. Where has Tom gone? I don’t see him here. – He went home five minutes ago. 13. I haven’t seen my old teacher for two months. 14. A new teacher of history came on Monday. 15. Last year we had five lessons of English a week. 16. Haven’t you got my letter? – Your letter? No, I haven’t. – Yes, certainly you couldn’t get it yet. It was sent only today in the morning. The Past Perfect Tense Exercise VII (p. 157) 1. A telegram came ten minutes after you had left. 2. By 7 o’clock everybody had already arrived at the station. 3. When you came, I had already written my report. 4. By the time you called the guests hadn’t gathered yet. 5. Had you studied English before you entered these classes? 6. How many pages of this book had you translated by the end of the last week? 7. What had you already prepared by that time? 8. Who had already passed exams by that moment? 9. After Peter had translated the sentence in a wrong way, Ann tried to translate it in a right way. 10. When he entered the room to the English lesson he found out that he had left not only the textbook but his notebooks as well. 11. He was nervous because he hadn’t learnt all the words which the teacher asked to learn. 12. Coming to the theatre I found out that the performance hadn’t begun yet. 13. She came to our city three years ago. By this time she had already graduated from university. 14. When I came home, my brother had already gone to the cinema. 15. He had left before we received a telegram. 16. My brother said that he had already visited this exhibition. 39 Exercise VIII (p. 158) 1. She gave the letter only after I had told her my name. 2. Coming to the laboratory in the morning, he noticed with the satisfaction that the laboratory girl hadn’t touched anything on his table, and he could start working at once. 3. I had seen many reproductions of this picture before I saw the original. 4. The question proved to be much simpler than we had thought. 5. The sun hadn’t yet risen over the horizon when we set out. 6. When I came, all the quests had already gathered. 7. Radio announced that the plane had come to Novosibirsk. 8. His pronunciation considerably improved after he had worked in the lingaphone study several times. 9. A builder showed his foreign friends a bridge in the building of which he had taken part himself. 10. Nobody told her how seriously she had been ill. 11. He couldn’t take part in the expedition because he had broken his leg. 12. Hardly had the singer finished singing when the audience burst out into applause. The Future Perfect Tense Exercise II (p. 159) 1. The librarian will have registered all the books by the end of the week. 2. I am afraid we will not have discussed all the questions by the time they come. 3. The secretary will have looked through all the papers by the time the director comes. 4. I hope that they will have received my letter by Saturday and will not expect me on Sunday. 5. I am sure he will throw some light upon the matter before I learn about it from my sister’s letter. 6. Don’t start arguing until you hear what I have to say. 7. I suppose that when my letter will reach you, you will return from your voyage. 8. Our plants will have fulfilled its plan by the 5th of December. 9. He will have gone by the time I arrive. 10. Don’t worry I will have written a letter by the time you come back. 11. Do please hurry or they will have closed the door by the time we get there. 12. By the end of the month the delegation will have come. Exercise III (p. 159) 1. I will be very busy at the beginning of June. I will take exams. 2. By 7 o’clock I will have finished this work and will be able to rest. 3. I will be still working when you return. 4. In a year he will come to St Petersburg. 5. The train will have already left by the time we come to the station. 6. Don’t come to me at 5 o’clock tomorrow, I will be having an English lesson. 7. We will have fulfilled this work by 3 o’clock and then we all will go for a walk together. 8. By the 15th of May we will have passed all the tests. 9. The builders will have built this school by 40 the first of September. 10. I will have written my composition by the time she comes to me. 11. At 5 o’clock sharp I will be waiting for you at the bus stop. 12. Don’t ring me up from 3 o’clock till 5 o’clock: I will be working. 13. Tomorrow by this time we will have already had dinner. 14. If Peter comes to Moscow, I will show him Red Square and the Kremlin. 15. She will not speak to us till he apologizes. Exercise IV (p. 160) 1. I am afraid, by the time you return with money they will have sold all the books. 2. We will have done all the exercises by his coming, and then we all will go to the skating rink. 3. I will write him as soon as I see his parents. 4. I will ring you up as soon as I finish translating the article. 5. We will have done the larger part of work when you turn to the professor for help. 6. I am sure that all the guests will have gone by 10 o’clock. 7. I am afraid that he will have sent a telegram by the time we come. 8. I will have finished my work by the time you are free. 9. What will you be doing tomorrow at 8 o’clock in the evening? – Tomorrow by 8 o’clock I will have finished my homework and at 8 o’clock I will be playing the piano. 10. I will have finished my translation by the end of the week. 11. When I write a letter, I’ll go and send it at once, but I don’t know when she will get it. 12. I’ll speak to him when he comes, but I am not sure whether he will come today. 13. I would like to know when she will return to Moscow. If she returns after the 1st of July, I won’t see her, because I will have gone to the south by this time. 14. She promised to give me this book on condition that I return it on Sunday. If she doesn’t get the book on Sunday, she won’t be able to prepare for the report. Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tenses The Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise VII (p. 163) 1. I have already been waiting for my friend for an hour. 2. How much time have you been translating this article? – I have already been translating it for two hours. 3. We have been revising this material for the second week. 4. Ann has already been studying in the Conservatory for 3 years. 5. My friend has already been working at his report for a week. 6. I have been writing this composition since Tuesday. 7. I have been studying at university since September. 8. He has been 41 studying English from the fifth form. 9. How many years have you been studying English? 10. What have you been doing all this time? 11. We have already been carrying out researches in this field for many years. 12. I have been watching your researches with interest for a long time. 13. May I see Nicholas? – No, he is having dinner. And has he been having dinner for a long time? – Yes, he has already been having dinner for half an hour. Exercise VIII (p. 164) 1. Those boys have already been playing football for two hours. I have been looking at them since I am sitting here. 2. Have you been sitting here for a long time? – About ten minutes. 3. I have been thinking about you since yesterday. 4. Nick, I have already been looking for you everywhere for several hours. 5. They have been waiting for Peter’s call since the morning. 6. Marina has already been working in the reading hall for two hours. 7. It is such an interesting book. I have been reading it since the early morning. 8. I know that she has been writing this article for two or three months. 9. The weather is very bad as it has already been raining for a week. 10. We have been listening to you all this time, now we want to tell you something. 11. I have been studying English for some years. 12. I have already been waiting for you for an hour. 13. The building of a new theatre has already been constructing for two months. 14. I have been thinking about you all the time since I saw you the last time. 15. We have already been speaking about you for an hour. 16. You are so tired. Probably you have been working the whole day. Revision of All the Present Tenses Exercise VII (p. 166) 1. Do you understand what you have done? – Nothing in particular. 2. Where have you been all this time? We have been looking for you everywhere. 3. What are you thinking about, Kate? 4. Do you correspond with them? – Yes, certainly. There haven’t been any letters from them for a long time. – And where are they now? 5. We have been working together for fifteen years, and we are accustomed to understand each other. 6. What are you doing here? Don’t you know that it is dangerous to sit here? 7. Are you not listening what I am saying? What has happened to you? 8. I want to speak to you since you returned home. 9. I have been thinking about your decision since we parted. 10. I have been impatiently waiting for your letter the whole 42 week. 11. I am looking for Nick. Have you seen him? 12. Why don’t you wear your new clothes? 13. The students have been taking an exam since 9 o’clock in the morning. 14. What are you listening to? – It seems to me I hear a strange sound. 15. Don’t you understand he is laughing at you? Exercise VIII (p. 167) 1. The conductor hasn’t come out yet, and the members of an orchestra are already at their places and they are tuning up the instruments. 2. Doesn’t he still have this book? How much time has he been reading it? 4. He has finished the first chapter of the thesis and is writing the second one. He has already been working at the thesis for 2 years. 5. Have they already adopted a resolution on the first question? No, they haven’t. They are still arguing. They have already been discussing this question for two hours, and they haven’t come to any agreement. 6. I have been living in this town for twenty years. 7. The students have already been writing a test paper for almost two hours. The time is coming to an end, and only two of them have handed their test paper in for the time being. 8. The painters have been working since the morning as we want to publish a new issue of a magazine as early as today in the evening. 9. Has Sergei come? – Yes, he has already been here for two days. 10. We have already been working at this problem for a year. 11. I try to communicate with him for a long time, but I see that it is useless. 12. Have they made up? – I don’t know. I only know that they haven’t been speaking for some days. 13. I have been working at this translation for ten days, and I have done more than a half. 14. Have you found the key? – Yes, I have. I have found it in my own pocket. Exercise IX (p. 167) 1. How much time have you been studying music? 2. This student studies the Italian language without assistance. He has already been studying Italian for many months. 3. What are you listening to? I am listening to the concert from the Philharmonic Society. 4.You seem to be very much interested in medicine, don’t you? – Yes, I have read many books on medicine. 5. What magazine are you looking through now? 6. Don’t enter the room, she is speaking to the doctor. 7. I have just found the answer to this difficult question. 8. I have been teaching at this university for twenty years. 9. Now when we have worked for such a long time and got enough experience and knowledge we see what else we must learn. 10. How have you written your exercise? Show it to me. 11. Why have you opened the window? It is rather cold in the room. It is better to close it again. 43 The Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise V (p. 170) 1. The boys had been assembling the bicycle for more than two hours when father came and said that they would have to disassemble everything again as they had assembled it in a wrong way. 2. I had already been working for a long time when my brother came. 3. It had already been raining for two hours when I left the house. 4. Though the sun was shining it was still cold as it had been snowing heavily for two hours. 5. She had already been sleeping for three hours when we returned home. 6. His sister had been living there for three years when the war began. 7. She had been working at the plant without rest for a long time. 8. He looked very tired when I came to him because he had been preparing for the exams for several days. 9. They had been sailing for ten days when at last they saw the earth. 10. By 12 o’clock he had already been speaking for more than an hour, it was a very long appearance in public. 11. When I came to the library he had been working at his report for more than two hours. 12. She had been working for an hour and a half when Nick said that he couldn’t work any more. Exercise VI (p. 170) 1. He had been working at school for some years before he began to teach at university. 2. When I went to the dacha my brother was still working. 3. When it began raining we were walking about the forest. 4. We had been walking about the forest for a long time before we saw a lake. 5. They had been living in Luga for three years before they moved to St Petersburg. 6. When the war broke out they were living in Novgorod. 7. My sister had been living in Moscow for three years when we came there. 8. I had been looking through the magazines for about two hours before I found the necessary article. 9. The children were sleeping when we returned home. 10. The children had been sleeping for a long time when we returned home. 11. We were discussing a new collection of poems when he came to the meeting of our literary society. 12. We had been discussing a new collection of poems for more than an hour when he came. 13. My sister was speaking over the telephone when I decided to go to bed. 14. She had been speaking over the telephone for about half an hour when I went to bed. Exercise VII (p. 171) 1. It was evening. My mother was reading a book and I was writing a letter. Suddenly my mother’s brother came in. We had been talking for about an hour when his wife called him and reminded him about 44 the theatre. 2. What were you doing yesterday at this time? – I was writing a report in the library. I had been writing it for an hour when my friends came to the library. – When did you come home? – Late. 3. Who were you talking to when I met you in the street? – To my friend. He came from Kiev two days ago. We had already been speaking for 15 minutes when you saw us yesterday. 4. What were you doing yesterday at 10 o’clock in the morning? – I was in hospital. I was examining the patients. I had been examining them for already an hour when professor Sergeyev came. Revision of All the Past Tenses Exercise V (p. 173) 1. When I came, the doctor was busy: he was examining a patient. First I was going to see another doctor, but then I decided to wait. I had been waiting for about 20 minutes before I entered the doctor’s consulting room. By 2 o’clock the doctor had examined me and allowed to go to work the next day. 2. The children were skating when mother called them to go home. Though they had been walking since the very morning they did not want to go home. But mother said that they had been out of doors too long. After they had rested at home and had had dinner they went to the skating rink again. 3. Denny was working in his study till eight o’clock. Then they had supper and almost till 12 o’clock they were talking about their plans for the future. 4. Ann who lived in the house next door and who stayed with the children when her sister had left was sitting in the living-room and sewing something. Exercise VI (p. 173) 1. It happened so long ago that I forgot about it. 2. It was late autumn. Almost all the leaves had already fallen off and the last birds had flown to the south. 3. Hardly had she started speaking about it when she suddenly began to cry. 4. She switched off the light and sat in complete darkness. 5. He left a year ago and since that time he hasn’t written a single letter to us. 6. A letter came ten minutes after you had gone. 7. She looked at the watch. It was about 5 o’clock. She was waiting for more than half an hour. 8. The clouds had been gathering the whole day and at last it began raining. 9. Tom who was laughing loudly stopped suddenly. 10. Hardly had they gone three kilometers when the weather changed. 11. Why did you return home so late yesterday? 12. When were you here last time? 45 Exercise VII (p. 173) 1. Yesterday when I came to the cinema, my friends had been already waiting for me for 15 minutes. 2. When we came to have practice, the students of our group had already been working there for a week. 3. Coming to the theatre Mike found out that the performance had begun and the actors had already been playing on the stage for several minutes. 4. Peter had been living in the university hostel for almost half a year when his cousin Nicholas came to see him. 5. After the doctor had gone, she was sitting near the girl’s bed for a long time. 6. Somebody was laughing behind the wall. It was such merry laughter which she hadn’t heard for a long time. 7. Fortunately, he didn’t notice her red eyes and he didn’t guess that she had cried. 8. Hardly had she run to the metro station when it began raining heavily. 9. He rang a quarter of an hour ago and said that he was leaving. 10. We left early in the morning hoping to get to the station by the afternoon. Hardly had we gone two kilometres when our tyre burst and we spent about an hour to repair it. Exercise VIII (p. 174) 1. When I came she had already returned and was sitting near the fireplace. 2. The clock had just struck seven when I woke up. 3. Hardly had we tidied up the room when the guests came. 4. He did not know how long he had been walking, but it was already late. 5. The wind that had been blowing since the very morning stopped and it was warm again. 6. Last summer I visited the places where I had lived in the childhood. 7. Had you had dinner before you went to university? 8. I met my friend when he was going from university. 9. We had been living in the village for two months when my sister came to see us. 10. We had been going for two hours when at last we saw a lake. 11. I had been walking about the forest for about an hour when I saw a little house. 12. The house stood among the trees, and the path along which I was walking led to it. The Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense Exercise II (p. 175) 1. I will begin working at 10 o’clock in the morning. When you return home at 5 o’clock I will have been working for seven hours already. 2. Next year by this time they will have already been studying English for four years. 3. We will have already been having dinner for half an hour when you call on us. 4. He will have already been writing an article for two hours when you come. 5. I will have already been learning 46 the new words for an hour when you ring me up. 6. Next year by this time she will have already been working at the thesis for two years. 7. Next September she will have already been teaching French for ten years. 8. I will have been playing the violin for six years when I am twenty-one years old. 9. Next year I will have been living in this house for six years. 10. By the first of December I will have already been working here for fifteen years. Revision of All the Future Tenses Exercise V (p. 177) 1. Has your brother been studying at medical university for a long time? He will have been studying there for five years in June. And by July next year he will have graduated from university and will have already been working as a doctor for about six months. 2. Next year when the professor retires on pension he will have been working at university for 46 years. 3. In spring we will have been studying in this school for 10 years. By May we will have finished our studies and we will have begun to take exams. 4. He plays volleyball perfectly well. – It is not surprisingly. He will have been playing for five years in May. 5. Do you know our family will have been living in this house for 25 year next month? – So we will have been neighbours for 25 years. 6. Will you do your homework soon? In ten minutes you will have already been writing for three hours. – Don’t worry. By the time they start to show the match on TV I will have already done my homework. Exercise VI (p. 177) Nick’s parents will visit their son in the sanatorium. By the time they come there he will have had breakfast and he will be probably playing volleyball. First they will speak to the doctor. By this time Nick will have already finished playing volleyball, and he will be ready to spend the whole day with his parents. They will walk about the forest, and at 2 o’clock Nick will return to the sanatorium to have dinner. By 3 o’clock everybody will have already had dinner. Then the children will rest a little. By the time Nick will have woken up and his parents will have bathed in the river and will have gathered berries. Nick will see the parents off to the station. They are sure that Nick will rest well, and when he returns home he will be healthy, sunburnt and refreshed. 47 The Sequence of Tenses Exercise VII (p. 181) 1. I was sure that he was already sorry that he had been impolite with her. 2. He hasn’t known yet what he will do in New York. 3. I was sure that you would give me a telegram when you come to Moscow. 4. Did you know that I was waiting for her in the evening? 5. We haven’t yet decided who will go to the conference. 6. Everybody believed that he had brothers and sisters. 7. He answered that he hadn’t had dinner yet. 8. Helen wasn’t sure that she would prepare for the report the next day. 9. The teacher asked who wanted to answer. 10. He was told that all the students had gone to the hall. 11. Somebody asked who would live with him in that room. Exercise VIII (p. 181) 1. I did not notice that it was snowing. 2. I did not know that it had been snowing since the very morning. 3. He hoped that the weather would be fine. 4. She did not know that it snowed seldom in winter in England. 5. I knew that in Africa the temperature was almost never below zero. 6. We were told that it had snowed in Africa. 7. I was sure that you would go to that exhibition. 8. I think that you will like that exhibition of pictures. 9. I did not hear what the guide had been saying when we entered the hall. 10. She said that she had spent in the museum about three hours. 11. She said that all that time she had been examining the collection of old coins. 12. I was sure that she would go to the museum again as soon as she had the spare time. Exercise IX (p. 182) 1. I thought that he was tired and asked him what he had been doing all that time. 2. I had an impression that he was there for some time. 3. I nodded and said “yes” feeling that it was exactly what she wanted. 4. I understood that he would do nothing to help me. 5. I had a suspicion that she had forgotten to mention that I was waiting. 6. He knew what she was thinking about. 7. I have no idea if she knows that her mother will be here. 8. By the way, does Ann know that my brother is coming tomorrow? 9. He didn’t know yet what he would do in New York. 10. He said that he gave lectures at university. 11. Peter told his friend that his father had been ill in summer. 12. He said that he had been at the theatre two days before. 13. He reminded that he had known her since 1995. 14. He repeated that he had already been studying for two hours when you rang him up. 48 Exercise X (p. 182) Last year I met one of the students of our course. I asked him what he was doing then. He answered that he was a postgraduate. I asked him when he had entered a postgraduate course and who his research leader was. He said that he had already been taking a postgraduate course for a year and his research leader was the head of the department. I was interested to know if he had passed any exams and if he had published any articles on the subject of his thesis. He answered that one article had been published, and the other two were being published then, and he hoped that they would have been published by the end of the year. He added that he had already passed two exams: in the language and philosophy. He said that he had been dreaming of a teaching career for a long time, and he wanted to give lectures after graduating from the postgraduate course. Direct and Reported Speech Exercise II (p. 196) 1. He screamed with pain, as the nurse gave him the injection. 2. He asked her to try to do it as quick as possible. 3. She made an exclamation of surprise when she first saw the Pyramids. 4. He asked his mother to try not to be late. 5. She asked if I would like another cup of tea. He replied in the affirmative. 6. She asked if he would leave his dictionary. He agreed. 7. He asked me if I had rung him up the day before. 8. He asked me if I could lend him some money. 9. She exclaimed, as she stepped into the mud. 10. She screamed with surprise because she had twisted her thumb. 11. She exclaimed that she never travelled on trains that left from platform. 12. He insisted that the teacher had given him the wrong mark. 13. She cried that it was an unlucky number. Exercise III (p. 196) 1. We wanted to know who our form mistress would be next year. 2. The teacher asked Ann why she had missed the first lesson. 3. I asked Lena if she would go to the cinema with me if I had invited her. 4. I asked Nick how old he had been when he began to play hockey. 5. Mother wanted to know if Nina had to take the medicine two or three times a day. 6. I asked the woman how old her son had been when she began to teach him to skate. 7. Mother hoped that his son would return in a week. 8. The headmaster said that he didn’t allow to change the timetable. 9. Mother said that the guests would come on Saturday and then it was only Friday. 10. The teacher said 49 that we could fail at the exam if we didn’t revise all the rules. 11. Oleg couldn’t understand what the teacher was saying. 12. She said half an hour ago that her son would come at three sharp. So he will be here in an hour. 13. I would like to know who had told you about that wonderful novel. 14. The passengers were told to fasten the belts. 15. The boy was told not to interrupt the grown-ups. 16. The teacher warned the students not to sit late before the exams. 17. The passengers are asked not to smoke in a bus. 18. A coach offered everybody to take part in the competitions. 19. I asked Lena if she was invited to the party. Exercise IV (p. 196) 1. There is a new boy in our class. He said that he was a Bulgarian by nationality. He said that there was no snow in Bulgaria and that’s why he couldn’t skate. Nelly said that she would teach him. 2. When mother was leaving she said that she would return later than usual because she had much work. Father said that he would probably return later too as they would have a meeting, and then he was too busy to come in time. I said I would come later than everybody, because we would have competitions in chess, but if I came before them, I would prepare supper. Mother sighed and said that she would try to come earlier. Exercise V (p. 197) 1. Do you know that we hadn’t come to any decision? 2. I was sure that he could repeat those sentences word by word. 3. Father didn’t think that he would choose that room. 4. Everybody knew that we wouldn’t come on Sunday. 5. Our teacher said that for the successful study of foreign languages one should have a good memory. 6. The boy hoped that he would be taken to the circus. 7. I was not sure that I would prepare for the report the next day. 8. I felt that she was angry with me. 9. She thought that he was working and that’s why she did not enter the room. 10. He let us know that he had taken a ticket for the plane to Adler. 11. He announced that he wouldn’t go with him. 12. He promised his son that they would spend summer in the south. 13. She reminded me that I was going to visit my aunt. 14. She marked that the flat should be repaired in summer. 15. He assured us that riding in a motor cycle was not at all dangerous. Exercise VI (p. 197) 1. We decided that we would go boating next Sunday. 2. He admitted that his brother rowed better than he did. 3. He thought that he would be able to visit a patient on Sunday. 4. We supposed that we would 50 meet soon. 5. He insisted that I was mistaken. 6. They said that they had never been there before. 7. She asked me if I liked those songs. 8. She asked when and where I had bought that magazine. 9. She asked if I had heard that romance before. 10. He said that he preferred to listen to something classical. 11. The commander ordered the soldiers to form. 12. The chairman called the gathered people to keep silence. 13. The secretary asked us to wait a little. 14. We answered that we would never agree to change the programme of the competitions. 15. He asked her to repeat her address. 16. I begged them not to do it. 17. He exclaimed that he hadn’t seen us for ages. The Voice Exercise IX (p. 205) 1. He was sent for twenty minutes ago. 2. This question won’t be discussed today. 3. Last year a new shop was built in our street. 4. This book hasn’t been translated yet. 5. I feel that a dangerous plan is being prepared. 6. If you are sent for, don’t refuse to come. 7. Why is this article nowhere referred to? 8. As soon as the things had been packed, a car was sent for. 9. This lecturer was always listened to with interest. 10. He has nothing been said about it yet. 11. The books of this author are often asked. 12. Were you asked some additional questions at the exam? 13. The girl is being scolded that’s why she is crying. 14. I felt that I was being looked at. 15. This book has already been translated. 16. Don’t come in, the last student is being examined there. 17. I was told that nothing could be changed because the decision had been accepted. 18. What question was being discussed when you came in? Exercise X (p. 205) 1. This book will be soon republished. 2. He was always loved and he was always trusted. 3. She is taken care of by her friends. 4. This film is much spoken of. 5. While breakfast is being prepared, mother went to the child’s bed. 6. She will be given a flat in this house. 7. “Where is the doctor?” he whispered. “He was sent for.” 8. By the end of the week his name will be known to everybody. 9. Lena was told that two new houses were being built near the railway bridge. 10. It was announced over the radio that the weather was changing for the worse. 11. I doubt that something may be explained now. 12. He was expected to come just to the meeting. 13. He was explained why he was not right. 14. Why is it so cold here? – The hall has just been aired. 51 15. I hope that this fact won’t be mentioned any more. 16. This question is still being discussed. – Yes, it has already been discussing for two hours. 17. I wonder if this article will have been published before the conference opens. 18. By the time we returned the gates had already been closed. 19. It’s a pity that the baker’s is closed. How much time was left before it opens again? 20. How much time was this question being discussed when you asked to give you a word? 21. Don’t enter the room. It is being tidied up. 22. Our papers are being typed. Wait a little. 23. You are being waited downstairs. 22. A new metro station will be built here next year. 25. He is often sent abroad. Exercise XI (p. 206) 1. A new block of buildings is being built in this street. 2. Are you interested in the work you were offered? 3. I was never spoken in such a way. 4. She was presented with a box of chocolates on her birthday. 5. You will be said when the train will start. 6. I felt that he had already been asked that question before. 7. He was given first-class education. 8. I advise you to go to this concert: your favourite musical compositions will be performed. 9. This picture is much spoken of. I haven’t been to the exhibition myself but it was described so vividly to me that it seems to me that I saw it with my own eyes. 10. We were explained a new rule, then we were dictated some examples and were given exercises for homework. 11. The project was approved, but an engineer was pointed out some defects. 12. A telegram was accepted late at night, and as it was very important the captain was immediately woken up and it was given to him. Exercise XII (p. 206) 1. A new restaurant was built in our street last year. 2. This teacher is always listened to with interest. 3. This news has just been broadcast over the radio. 4. This is the man that is much spoken about. 5. The book has already been paid. You may take it. 6. Had the new library been built before you entered university? 7. Books which are read well can seldom be found on the shelves of the library. 8. To our great pity this dictionary has already been sold out. 9. This news will be published in the evening newspapers. 10. A shot was heard but nothing was seen. 11. He has been awarded with medals and orders. 12. When I came to this city, this house was being built. 13. Have all the telegrams been sent? Not yet. Half of the telegrams was sent yesterday. The rest besides three have been typed. The last telegrams are being typed now. They will have been typed by one o’clock in the afternoon. 52 Modal Verbs Can Exercise VIII (p. 212) 1. This book can be bought in any shop. 2. It is dark in the room, and I can’t find my things. 3. She can’t have been mistaken. 4. Can they be still waiting for us? 5. You can’t have been sent to me. 6. He said that we could go. 7. I could return by bus. 8. “She can’t have understood you,” he repeated. 9. They can’t have forgotten about it. 10. Can he have already gone? 11. Can she be still working? 12. She can’t be still writing a composition. 13. Can she have fallen ill? 14. Can you like such music? 15. You can take my dictionary. I don’t need it any more. 16. Can they have missed the train? They left the house very early. Exercise IX (p. 212) 1. I think I will be able to help you. 2. He can’t have forgotten about it. 3. Can he have refused to help you? 4. Can it be the truth? It can’t have been the truth. 5. Can he study in the ninth form? He is so little in appearance. 6. They can’t have already moved to a new flat. 7. Can you be five years my senior? 8. Read these articles. You could refer to them in your report. 9. There is no light in the staircase. Could you light me while I am going downstairs? 10. I think we could try once more to persuade him that he was not right. 11. It can’t have been only three o’clock. Your watch has stopped. 12. No, kiddy, you can’t eat ice-cream in the street in winter. 13. Can he have been right? 14. Could you dictate me this page? 15. Can they be waiting for us near the other exit? Exercise X (p. 212) 1. He can’t have been late. He is always so punctual. 2. Can he have produced on you the impression of an absent-minded man? 3. I can’t have understood you in a wrong way. 4. He couldn’t read this book so quickly; it is difficult for him. 5. She can’t have failed to find your house. 6. She can’t have forgotten about it. I reminded her about it only yesterday. 7. Gould you give your own example? You can’t give examples only from the textbook. 8. Can she be thinking about me now? 9. I could tell you about it at once but I didn’t want to upset you. 10. You can’t have really believed it. 11. He couldn’t take you for 53 another person. 12. Couldn’t anybody think that this team would take the first place? 13. Can you have failed to find my book? 14. They can’t come today. It is already late. Exercise XI (p. 213) 1. They can’t have forgotten about it. 2. Can he have already gone? 3. Can she have forgotten to tell you about my departure? 4. Can she be still working? 5. They can’t have come on Monday. 6. I think you will be able to persuade him if you try. 7. Will your sister be able to buy us tickets tomorrow? 8. We couldn’t get to university by 9 o’clock. 9. Can he have deceived you? 10. Can you like such music? 11. They can’t have heard our conversation. 12. Can she have fallen ill? 13. Can we take Jack with us? 14. Children have a rich imagination. They can easily invent different stories. 15. He can’t be still sleeping. It’s already late. Exercise XII (p. 213) 1. He can’t have told you such a thing. You didn’t understand him. 2. When will we be able to do it? 3. She won’t be able to learn to sing well. 4. She couldn’t finish school last year. 5. Can she be still reading? It’s time to go to bed. 6. Nobody could produce more impression on me than you did it. 7. He said that we could go. 8. He could do it last week. 9. He was so illiterate that he couldn’t simply write a single word of this report. 10. It’s getting dark. What time can it be now? 11. He couldn’t be more than thirty when we got acquainted with him. 12. She can’t have been mistaken. 13. She can’t have forgotten about it. 14. Can he have refused to help you? 15. This student can’t have fulfilled this work herself. 16. You can’t have been sent to me. May Exercise V (p. 216) 1. On the whole there was less said than might be expected. 2. You’ve acquired a great deal of experience. You might write a book. 3. There was no sign of John in the street. Of course, I said to myself, he might have been detained at his office. 4. Who said Mr Smith had gone to America? – He might have told it himself. 5. But what you tell me may not be true. 6. What’s happened to the dog? – It isn’t here. Dan may have taken it with him. 7. She longed for a letter from John. It might contain an explanation of why he had gone away. 8. Harry might often be seen sitting on the porch with a book in his hands. 9. Oh, Tom, she 54 exclaimed, your boots are muddy! You might have gone by the side door. 10. He was very ill. He may be dying. 11. Then why on earth all this secrecy? One never knows who may be listening. 12. Of course I’m too young to be a really good writer yet, but I try hard, and one day I may achieve something. Exercise VI (p. 216) 1. You were not so very busy. You might have helped us. 2. She may be late. 3. They may be working at the same problem. 4. It may rain by the evening. 5. They may have been in town yesterday. 6. I agree that it may have been a mistake to allow Ann to go abroad. 7. They may have thought that we wouldn’t come in such weather. 8. He may be in a hotel and is waiting for me. 9. You may have heard his name. 10. He has a large family. I can imagine that he may be looking for better work. 11. Though it looks like rain, but who knows the weather may be fine tomorrow. 12. He may have known about everything but he gave no sign. 13. Ring her up. She may be at home now. 14. A telegram may have been sent yesterday. Exercise VII (p. 217) 1. Today it is very cloudy. It may rain. 2. You may not answer this question if you don’t want. 3. You might have given me to know about it beforehand. 4. May we use a dictionary? – No, you can’t. 5. He may know about everything, but he doesn’t want to tell us. 6. They may be still taking an exam. 7. Why hasn’t Kate come? – She may come later. – She might have warned us that she was late. 8. I have been looking for my notebook for an hour. I can’t have lost it. – You may have left it near the telephone booth. I saw you take it out. – You might have told me about it long ago. 9. Don’t worry. They won’t be late. They may be going here and will be here in some minutes. 10. My brother said that he wouldn’t go skiing. But he may have changed his mind. 11. I am ringing them up the second time, but nobody answers. Everybody can’t have gone away. – They may have gone to the country. They always go to the country on the weekend. 12. The lecturer may have referred to this article, but I don’t remember it. 13. I may have been in these parts. It seems to me that I can even recognize many houses and streets. 14. We may postpone our trip to the country: the weather is bad. Exercise VIII (p. 217) 1. You may call on us after 7 o’clock if you want. 2. You might consult your sister at least. 3. Where is my passport? – You may have left it at 55 home. 4. Ask them whether we may go on a hike with them too. 5. You may have noticed that he had repeated these words twice. 6. You might have bought me this book. You knew that I needed it very much. 7. You may have heard his name. He is a well-known scientist. 8. A telegram may come tomorrow. 9. He may have wished to tell me about it, but he didn’t find time. 10. She may have forgotten to call that’s why he didn’t come. 11. She hurried to school so that she might take part in the olympiad. Exercise IX (p. 217) 1. A patient feels better. You may visit him tomorrow. 2. You might be more serious. You are already almost grown up. 3. He may have been absent at the lecture. – He says that he was there. 4. She was not English but she may have been taken for her. 5. You might have consulted with the teacher at least. 6. Doctor, may I bathe in the sea? – No, you cannot. You may fall ill again. 7. Why hasn’t he come? – He may not have got your letter. 8. You may find this book in the library, they may have got several copies. 9. Why didn’t he ring me up yesterday? – He may have lost your telephone number. 9. Why doesn’t he answer? – He may not have heard your question, repeat your question a bit louder. 11. Why hasn’t she come? – She may have changed her mind. Must Exercise V (p. 221) 1. Look! People are hurrying along the street with umbrellas up. It must be raining hard. 2. You must follow my advice. There is no other way out for you. 3. She must have been angry with you. She doesn’t even look in your direction. 4. She must have got angry with me. She left without saying good-bye. 5. Mary must have been ill. She looked so pale and tired last night. 6. She speaks English much better than she did last year. She must have practiced a lot. 7. Where is Peter? He is neither at home nor at school. – Oh, he must be training at the stadium. He is always training there at this time. 8. You must have already been training for some months. Your results are brilliant. 9. There are many puddles in the street. It must have rained in the morning. 10. Look! There is not a single human being in the street. It must be raining fast. 11. What a shower! The water is streaming down the street. It must have already been raining for some hours. 12. You look fine! You must have had a good rest in summer. 56 Exercise VI (p. 221) 1. “You must be right,” I said. 2. They must have heard that the fellow was in London. 3. I must have been sitting there for a quarter of an hour waiting and thinking about it before I saw the letter. 4. He took us round the yacht. There was no doubt that it must have cost him a lot of money. 5. At half past two I heard Mike put down the book and switch out the light. He must have read since midnight. 6. “I must be getting old,” she said. 7. There were a lot of mirrors that must have been bought at the sale of some old restaurant. 8. They must have forgotten my address. 9. Poor animal! How it must be suffering. 10. Haven’t you finished your work yet? You must have been working for more than an hour. 11. Where is Ann? – She must be working in the next room. 12. Is he in? He was in ten minutes ago, but he must have left. Exercise VII (p. 221) 1. She must be waiting for us at university. 2. She must wait for us at university. 3. He must live in the south. 4. She must be staying with her friends because she wrote that she would spend her holiday at their place. 5. They must be waiting for me, and I can’t let them know about myself. 6. He must have forgotten that he had promised to come. 7. They must be writing a composition and soon they must finish. 8. You must have already guessed what I think about it. 9. They must be preparing for the exams now. 10. She must have already been working as a nurse for two months. 11. I didn’t see Ann, but I knew that she must be waiting for me somewhere here. 12. I had been waiting for half an hour and when I already thought that something must have happened to Kate she came in a taxi. 13. “I must do something for him,” thought John. 14. You must have known nothing about it. Exercise VIII (p. 222) 1. It must be a very ancient church. It must have been built in the 13th century. 2. We must hurry: we can be late for a concert. 3. She is so pale. She must have been ill. 4. There, in your book there was a letter. You must have left it. 5. “It is you!” said he looking with surprise. He must have forgotten my name. 6. Young passengers were a bit excited. They must go by sea for the first time. 7. He spoke very well, his speech must have produced a great impression on listeners. 8. He was looking for his ticket in the pockets, but he found nothing. He must have left it at home. 9. This book must be a great success with the readers. It comes out the fifth time. 10. You must have been informed that the timetable would be changed. 11. He must have recognized me 57 at once though we hadn’t seen each other for many years. 12. You must have a lot of spare time: you do everything very slowly. Exercise IX (p. 222) 1. I won’t take an exam. Probably, I won’t be in Moscow at that time. 2. He must have never had so much money at his disposal before. 3. He must have failed to persuade him to go with us. 4. He must have found simply no time for you. 5. They must have failed to meet him at the station. 6. The teacher probably didn’t mention your name by mistake. 7. She must be unaware that you are here. 8. We haven’t probably seen her since summer. 9. May I speak to you tomorrow morning? Evidently, I will be busy in the morning. 10. He is unlikely to wish to speak English. 11. No one must be at home now. 12. Who is that man? – The new president of the company. – Don’t joke with me. – I am not joking. Probably, you haven’t read newspapers. Revision of Modal Verbs Can, May, Must Exercise I (p. 223) 1. That tower on the hill must be an old palace. 2. I can’t have lost my ticket, it was here a minute ago. 3. You may have lost your way. 4. You must have left your things on the bench in the park. 5. They can’t postpone such an important meeting. 6. You look so pale and worn out. You must have overworked yourself. 7. This medicine can’t be a good care for the flu. 8. You must be hungry, you’ve had nothing to eat but some porridge since morning. 9. The car may have overturned going round the bend. 10. It must be a delightful place, especially in summer. 11. You may be right. 12. He can’t have done it all by himself. 13. He may have forgotten his bag in the car. 14. He can’t have seen you, otherwise he would have come up to you. Exercise II (p. 223) 1. He can’t have been meaning to do it. 2. He can’t have refused your request. 3. He must have had no chance to read the book. 4. He must have heard the gong. 5. It must have been some special occasion. 6. He looks wet and muddy. He must have been fishing. 7. He may not know we are here. 8. May the news being broadcast on all the channels? 9. May we be out of wrapping paper? 10. “I don’t see him driving his car. May something have happened?” “His car must be undergoing repairs”. 11. Let’s give her a call again. She may have been asleep and didn’t hear the telephone. 12. You may have used up all the money I gave you. 13. He can’t have done the work carelessly. 58 14. They may have been unable to get in touch with you. 15. She can’t have wrongly interpreted your words. Exercise V (p. 224) 1. Everybody must have failed to notice that he was not used to speaking in public. 2. He must have had no chance to write to them of his arrival in due time. 3. She can’t have locked the door forgetting that I was to come later. 4. He must have no chance of winning, he is in bad form. 5. The man must have misunderstood me for he nodded his head. 6. She must have been quite unconscious of having made a mistake. 7. They can’t have given us the correct information about the road. 8. The telegram must have failed to come in time. 9. She must have been very careless. She spilt some milk. 10. He must have done nothing about it. I don’t see any changes in the design. 11. The dog must have failed to recognize his master. It barked as we approached the house. 12. He must have been very inexperienced in navigation. 13. He must be unaware of his clumsiness. Exercise VI (p. 224) 1. You might do it for me. 2. Tell him that he might have been more attentive to his old friends. 3. You may come across this expression in any book. 4. I think that you will be able to persuade him if you try. 5. I must do it today. – a) No, you may do it tomorrow if you wish. b) Yes, it must be done today. 6. May I see your work? – a) Do it, please. b) No, it is not ready yet. 7. Must I rewrite the whole work or may I correct only the mistakes? 8. Can you call on me in the evening? 9. Could you come to me in the evening? 10. He must be there tomorrow. 11. He can be there tomorrow. 12. He may be there tomorrow. 13. He may have been there yesterday. 14. He must have been there yesterday. 15. He had to be there yesterday. 16. He can’t have been there yesterday. 17. Can it be the truth? 18. It must be the truth. 19. It may be the truth. 20. You must have been mistaken. 22. You can’t have been mistaken. 23. Can you have been mistaken? Exercise VII (p. 225) 1. They must do as they are said. 2. I can’t leave without paying. 3. You might have called them and said that you wouldn’t come. 4. Could you finish your work? 5. Can you have written it yourself? 6. She had never said about her childhood and it must have been a reason to it. 7. I will be able to write them tomorrow. 8. She must be seriously ill. 9. Where are my spectacles? No, they are not here. I must have left them at home. 10. When a child is so ill, you must feel awfully. 11. He can’t be more 59 than three or four years your senior. 12. She can’t have failed to know about it. 13. On Monday I shan’t be able to give you a definite answer yet. 14. They may not have come yet. 15. And who could switch on the light in my room? 16. It is already quite dark. I must have been sleeping for a very long time. 17. He must ring you up soon. 18. Can he have told you to come here? 19. Where is my key? You must have lost it. I can’t have lost it. I may have left it in the pocket of my coat. Exercise VIII (p. 225) 1. You may not answer this question if you don’t wish. 2. You might have let me know about it beforehand. 3. You are a doctor you must know the symptoms of this illness. 4. May we use the dictionaries? No, you can’t. 5. Your watch must be fast. 6. A waiter must have understood a foreigner in a wrong way, and he brought a wrong dish. 7. He can’t have let us down. 8. Could anybody think that this team would win? 9. He hasn’t visited us for a long time. He must have been unaware that we were already in Moscow. 10. They must have caught the train. Otherwise they would already return. 11. They must have been misinformed. They had to come today. 12. Could you give me a consultation today? 13. Can you have believed them? They must have played a joke on you. 14. You would better send a letter to him; he may not guess that some affairs delay you and he will worry. 15. Could I ask you to call on me a bit later? Exercise IX (p. 226) On Sunday in the morning I had to go to the library to prepare for the report that I had to make at the English lesson. But I couldn’t get the necessary books as I came late. Some other student must have taken them before me. I had to come earlier. It was annoying that I will have to come once more. When I was going to leave a tall woman about thirty years old came up to me and said, “Your face is familiar to me. We must have met, but I don’t remember where.” “I don’t remember either,” said I. “We may have met in some rest home in summer.” “Maybe. We can’t have worked or studied together. Then we had to remember each other better.” Have to – Have Got to Exercise IV (p. 228) 1. I have to work a lot now as I was ill and lagged behind the group. 2. You will have to speak to him personally. 3. We had to wait at the 60 station till the rain was over. 4. I had to apologize though it was not easy for me. 5. The book has to be bound otherwise some pages can be lost. 6. You have to get up very early, don’t you? 7. He has to reprimand you, doesn’t he? 8. He didn’t have to take entrance exams. 9. We didn’t have to see them off to the hotel as they knew the way well themselves. 10. The work has to be done today. 11. He said that you would have to go there yourself. 12. The whole page had to be reprinted because of one misprint. 13. She had to drink tea without sugar. 14. I don’t have to be there before three o’clock. 15. One of the guests took a seat near me. I didn’t have to say who he was. 16. You have short and curly hair. – I had scarlet fever and I had to cut my hair. 17. He had to move nearer to hear her. To Be to Exercise III (p. 230) 1. I stood at the window looking at them disappear, and my heart kept repeating “Good-bye, good-bye!” I was not to see them for nearly five years. 2. Nobody met me when I came. I was to have arrived by the ten o’clock train, but I couldn’t get a ticket for it. 3. Remember that we are to be at this place not later than eight. 4. Why are you so late? Didn’t you get my letter saying that we were to meet at 4? 5. There was a violent storm that night and the Albatross which was to arrive at the port in the morning had to drop anchor near an island a hundred miles off the port. 6. Large sums are now being spent on educational development and still larger sums are to be spent in the near future. 7. We were to play a duet together. 8. He was to have had a music lesson in the morning but the teacher called up to cancel it. Exercise IV (p. 230) 1. I wondered what was to happen to us. 2. It looks like raining. You have to take your raincoats. 3. We agreed that the one who came first was to reserve seats for the rest of us. 4. Nobody met me at the airfield as I was to have arrived a day later and could not warn any of my friends of the change. 5. He always puts off doing what he has to do until it is to be done. 6. We were to leave on Monday but because of two days’ delay with the visas we had to book tickets for Wednesday. 7. There is nothing strange in what he did. It was to be expected. 8. It was too late to change the plan and it had to remain as it was. 9. You do not have to tell him about it if you don’t want to. 10. You are 61 not to tell him anything about it before you get further instructions. 11. They hoped to spend the summer together, but that was not to be. 12. Do I have to do it all by myself? 13. The headmaster arranged that the children were to be taken home by bus. Exercise V (p. 230) 1. The meeting was to begin immediately after the lessons. 2. We had to postpone the meeting because the lecturer had fallen ill. 3. If you want to take the first place in the races, you have to train much more. 4. According to the new timetable you are to train on the sports ground from 2 o’clock till 4 o’clock. 5. We decided that in August everybody was to take part in the harvest. 6. Next year our plant is to begin the output of new radio sets. 7. You are to prepare this work by Thursday. 8. I was to prepare this work by Thursday. I had to prepare this work by Thursday. 9. You are not to stop the work till you finish it. Tomorrow will be already Thursday. 10. I had to prepare this work by Thursday. 11. I will have to prepare this work by Thursday. 12. As he had prepared everything beforehand he doesn’t have to do it now. 13. There was no choice; he had to agree. Exercise VI (p. 231) 1. I was slightly surprised finding out so many people in the hall where I was to speak. 2. I don’t have to go there before 5 o’clock. 3. He was invited to his friend’s to have dinner. After dinner they were to go to the cinema. 4. It was announced over the radio that President was to speak. 5. Next day he took me to the long car trip. And at 7 o’clock we were to have dinner at our friends’. 6. When I found out that the train had already arrived, I had to take a taxi and hurry home as my sister had no key from the flat. 7. He had left long ago and was to return by 5 o’clock. 8. I was to be there an hour ago. 9. Why did they have to leave this house? 10. He told me that I was to wait for him here. 11. According to the contract the goods were to arrive at the port at the end of the week. 12. He was to have come here last week, but he didn’t come. 13. He is nowhere to be found. Need Exercise III (p. 232) 1. What she has done is so silly that we needn’t discuss it. 2. It was so near that everybody agreed that they needn’t take a car. 3. We needn’t cook all the potatoes. 4. Need we change our clothes for dinner? 62 5. We have a lot of time. We needn’t hurry. 6. Need you go there by all means? 7. You needn’t spend all the money on them. 8. You needn’t have worried. – I promised my parents to be here for some time more. 9. He put an envelope on the table. “All the money is there”, he said. “You needn’t count it.” 10. You know children. They break everything. I needn’t tell you about it. 11. He knew that he needn’t explain anybody anything. 12. I think that we needn’t pay her so much attention. 13. You needn’t be afraid of me. 14. We needn’t listen to all the orators. 15. You needn’t have ordered a room in a hotel. We have a vacant bedroom. Exercise IV (p. 233) 1. We have a telephone installed, and now we needn’t go to the neighbours. 2. You needn’t go to the street; our neighbours have a telephone. 3. A new stadium has been built in our district now, and the children don’t have to go far. 4. They needn’t go so far, they can study in our reading room. 5. You needn’t answer this question if you don’t want. 6. You don’t have to come yourself. You may send somebody. 7. He needn’t worry. Everything will be all right. 8. You needn’t have gone to the library. I had all the necessary books at home. 8. A toothache had stopped by the evening, and he decided that he needn’t go to the doctor. 10. Did you have to spend much time on this work? 11. I didn’t have to buy a new dictionary as I had such a dictionary at home. 12. You needn’t have bought this dictionary, I have an extra copy at home. 13. Our conversation continued not for a long time, everything was quite clear, and we needn’t go into unnecessary details. 14. He needn’t have postponed his trip. It didn’t help all the same. 15. All the words in the text were well known and I even needn’t use the dictionary. Exercise V (p. 233) 1. Has the teacher said that we must learn this text by heart? 2. The teacher said that we needn’t have learned this text by heart. 3. You had simply to read it. 4. Don’t make a noise, the children must be sleeping. 5. Nobody must have told him about it. 6. They were to have come at 5 o’clock and now it is already 6 o’clock. 7. They must have forgotten that they were to come at 5 o’clock. 8. I hope that you didn’t have to wait long, don’t I? 9. I hope we won’t have to wait. 10. This book is to be found in any library. 11. Need you get excited about such trifles? 12. You needn’t worry. You will pass your exams well. 63 Ought to Exercise IV (p. 235) 1. You ought to be more attentive. 2. You ought to have postponed your trip until your mother gets well. 3. You ought to consult a doctor. You may be unwell. 4. You ought to have tried to persuade him, but not to quarrel with him. 5. He didn’t understand you. You ought to have explained your point of view in details. 6. You ought to be more attentive because you make many mistakes in the text. 7. You ought to have told the truth. It would save you from many troubles. 8. You ought not to dial the telephone number until you are sure that it is right. 9. You ought to have sent a telegram yesterday immediately on your arrival. 10. He ought to be at home and take care of his sick mother. 11. I’ll tell you something that you ought to know to my mind. 12. I ought not to have allowed you to make such presents to me. Should Exercise III (p. 237) 1. Tea is between half past five and six, and it should be ready now. 2. Should the baby play with the box of matches? 3. You should have seen him yesterday on horseback. 4. “Your father and I should have arranged everything before I came here,” he said. 5. Where is the car? He shouldn’t have left it unattended. 6. He drove at great speed. He knew that about this hour the guests should have arrived at his house. 7. Then he should have laughed, but instead he heard himself saying, “Everything you say is quite true.” 8. “I don’t think he had the least idea of what I meant.” “You should have been more sincere, my dear.” 9. You should go to the concert. Why should you miss the music? 10. It was surprising that they should have met at all. 11. He did not see why he should not have discussed the matter with his chief. 12. She is in town shopping. She should be back at any moment. 13. I am very shocked indeed that you should feel it necessary to lie to me. 14. I’m sorry that you should have had a quarrel with your friend. Exercise V (p. 238) 1. I apologize I shouldn’t have said it. 2. I think you ought to show respect to the eldest. 3. I thought that you should know about it. 4. Now I upset her. I shouldn’t have done it. 5. “Have I said anything that I shouldn’t have said?” he asked his mother. 6. You shouldn’t ask 64 such questions. 7. So you were right. I shouldn’t have done it in this way. 8. What do you think I should take up? 9. I was more sincere with you than I ought to have been. 10. I said that she shouldn’t have come with him at all. 11. You shouldn’t be so critical in your age, Mike. 12. Ann is my sister. – I should have guessed. You take after her. 13. She ought to have remembered about it before. 14. I wish to do something I shouldn’t do. Shall Exercise II (p. 239) 1. How much shall I pay the porter? 2. When we learn something you shall hear about it by all means. 3. Shall I translate the whole text? – No, you needn’t, translate only the underlined sentences. 4. It can be done and it will be done if you only help me. 5. “Shall I play?” she asked. “Do, please.” 6. You shan’t have any reason to complain against me. 7. You shall get a book an Monday. 8. When shall he come? 9. Shall I close the door? 10. The equipment for our expedition shall be dispatched in May. 11. If you sit in a draught, you will catch cold. 12. What shall be done with these letters? 13. Shall she call you? 14. You shall do it at once. Will/Would Exercise II (p. 241) 1. Will you have some more sweets? 2. Would you like a drink of water? 3. I tried to speak, but the words wouldn’t come. 4. He wrote to ask me if I would come and give a talk to his class. 5. I know there is a theory that a book, if it is any good, will always find a publisher. 6. We waited till afternoon but the rain would not stop. 7. I will agree with you. 8. Will you kindly pass me some slices of bread? 9. “He talked of his new car the whole evening.” “He would.” 10. I will say it again and again. 11. Let me come in. I will not say anything, I just want to listen. 12. The lock wouldn’t open. 13. Will you really do it for me? 14. Would you mind coming a little later? 15. You will go there and tell him that the game is up. 16. Will you come round tomorrow? Exercise IV (p. 242) 1. Will you tell me what has happened? 2. He tried to open the lid, but it wouldn’t give way. 3. I would do everything to help him. 4. He tried to 65 explain, but I wouldn’t listen to him. 5. He didn’t agree with me. – He would. 6. It is Sunday today, and all the shops will be closed. 7. He tried to switch on the lighter two or three times but it wouldn’t. 8. I asked his wife what had happened to him, but she wouldn’t answer. 9. He switched off the lamp, but sleep wouldn’t come to him. 10. I think I will go and watch TV if you excuse me. 11. I wished to see only one picture, but they wouldn’t let me in as it was late. 12. “Father,” called the boy “you promised to help me with my toy train. It won’t move.” 13. I proposed her to go to the doctor, but she wouldn’t listen to it. 14. After work he would usually wait for us near the bridge. Exercise V (p. 242) 1. You won’t do this. Remember this! 2. I will do this work though I didn’t have to sleep the whole night. 3. The shop must be still open. If you hurry, you will have time to buy bread. 4. He said that he would have to leave in some days, but we wouldn’t listen. 5. It is useless to prove him that you are right; he will never be persuaded. He is very obstinate. 6. It doesn’t concern him. He shouldn’t have meddled in other people’s business. 7. You should read this interesting article. 8. You will have to take an exam once more. You should pay more attention to grammar. 9. You should have warned us that you wouldn’t come. We wouldn’t wait for you. 10. You knew perfectly well that it would be useless, but nevertheless you did it. 11. He didn’t understand you. You should have explained your point of view in details. 12. You should have visited this ancient town long ago. 13. I promise that everything will be done. 14. The lock won’t lock. I asked you to repair it many times. 15. You won’t go anywhere till you do your homework. Revision of All the Modal Verbs Exercise I (p. 243) 1. Somebody has been talking, who could it be? 2. That book was one of those that one should have read it. 3. One needn’t have worried, everything has turned out all right. 4. Frequently he could be found in the garden bent over his flowers. 5. I believe he was always afraid they could laugh at him. 6. It had been arranged between them that whichever woke up first, before six had to call the other by knocking on the wall. 7. He opened his eyes and looked at the smiling young woman who leaned over him. It must be Ann, he thought. 8. He came out of the water, smiling. “You should have come earlier” he said. “We could have swum together. The water is great.” 9. “Last night, you 66 know, he suddenly began to speak to me about what my future was going to be like.” “What could it have meant?” “How can I know?” 10. There was an old apple tree beside the path. I said, “I bet I can climb that.” “No, you need not,” said Jack. 11. “Well, then can you hold the line while I find the letter?” “I cannot, I’m in a telephone box.” “Then may I ring you back?” “I’m not on the telephone.” “Then I think perhaps you will better ring me back in half an hour. By then I may have some idea what this is all about.” 12. “Monday will be my last day in London,” he said. “I will have to stay down here rather late.” 13. It’s too bad she couldn’t stay with us. We could have learned a great deal about the theatre tonight. 14. If you help me now I will be able to help you later. 15. “I shall wait to hear what Lily has to say about it?” “You will have to wait a long time.” 16. I think you should certainly have told us the truth, and we could have decided what was the best thing to do. 17. If your mother calls, tell her I may be a little late. 18. On Saturday Charles broke the news to his father. He began to grumble. “You should have chosen a more suitable time to tell me. You could have known that hearing this would make me nervous.” Exercise II (p. 244) 1. Do you think we could get home by nine? 2. I had never stopped writing to my cousin, but it must have passed seven years since we had met. 3. Can I do it as I like or must I do it as you like? 4. “Now listen to me!” he said, “I’ll tell you a few things that you had to ask before starting out.” 5. “I’m sorry about Kate,” he said. “I suppose it had to happen,” his sister answered. 6. When you came here I told you were free to come and go as you please, but you should not have visited our old friend. 7. He had to call for me in the morning at ten o’clock, but he must have forgotten about it. 8. That film was one of those that one should have seen. 9. She protested but he wouldn’t listen to her protests. 10. I think he could wait till I came back. 11. The girl must have understood me as she nodded her head. 12. You needn’t have written to him about it. 13. You needn’t have been with her so rude. She is crying now. Exercise III (p. 245) 1. may; 2. ought to; 3. should; 4. need; 5. is to; 6. have; 7. can; 8. need; 9. must; 10. should, could; 11. must not; 12. ought to; 13. should, shouldn’t; 14. must; 15. are. Exercise IV (p. 245) 1. Can he really have refused to help you? 2. Why must I call him the first? 3. He must have frightened you with his threats. 4. You needn’t 67 worry. I promise that everything will be done. 5. You will have to agree with their conditions. 6. The whole life of the boy may be spoiled if you don’t take him from here. 7. If only I could forsee it! 8. He suggested that the competition should be fixed for 5 o’clock. 9. Shall I go and find out if he has done his work? He had to finish it yesterday. 10. Did you have to wait for him long? 11. You needn’t have come. The meeting is cancelled. 12. You should have told us about it. 13. She must have forgotten to give them our note. Exercise V (p. 245) 1. She can’t have made such a bad deed. 2. He had to come to us in the evening. Can he have forgotten? 3. You should have told us that he was unwell. 4. It’s a pity that I didn’t have to speak to the doctor. 5. You might have told me that you would be late. 6. Yesterday I couldn’t check the exercise books of my students as I had to substitute another teacher. 7. You needn’t have come. We could finish our translation without you. 8. He said that he must hurry and left without waiting till she answered anything. 9. You may not ring me up tomorrow. I will work tomorrow. 10. The ground is wet. Here it must have just rained. 12. You needn’t have looked for the keys. They lay on the table. 13. You had to stay till the end of the meeting, didn’t you? 14. In the evening she should have gone to the party. That’s why she had to buy a new dress. 15. We may go to the country on the weekend. Exercise VI (p. 246) 1. You may not bring your report today. But tomorrow I must have it. 2. He could go there himself; he needn’t have sent you, you are nevertheless older than he is. 3. Where can I find comrade Ivanov? He must be in the next room. 4. He can’t have been sincere when he refused to go with you to the south. Probably their parents didn’t allow him to go. 5. He needn’t have called his name so loudly, this attracted attention. 6. She is not so shy. Your question may have been unexpected to her. 7. You needn’t have asked your father; I found the magazine on your desk. 8. Can he really have lost his head? – Certainly, and he even turned red. 9. You might have warned him about it and not to put him in such an awkward position. 10. Why is she absent? Can she have been offended and decided not to come? 11. Why are you so early? – We didn’t have to sit for a long time; all the questions were settled quickly. 12. You could register the tickets over the telephone. I needn’t have gone to the railway station. 13. I was in Moscow that’s why I had to see the sights of the whole city. 14. You needn’t have given up this work. 68 You were so close to the aim, weren’t you? 15. I shall be able to fulfil this work tomorrow. I should have told you about it yesterday, but I couldn’t ring you up as I had no time. Exercise VII (p. 246) 1. Everybody, even his enemies, must admit that he had behaved in a noble way. 2. I can’t explain this strange phenomenon, I will have to read about it or ask somebody. 3. It turns out that we needn’t have registered the tickets beforehand, they may be bought on the day of the departure. 4. Haven’t you read this wonderful book? You should read it, you will have great pleasure. 5. I needn’t have reprimanded him, my words must have offended him. 6. I had no choice, and I had to agree to their proposal. 7. I hope that we won’t have to wait for a long time. 8. On Sunday I shouldn’t have done my homework because I did everything the day before. 9. Everybody should see this popular science film. 10. He is a very educated person; we should have asked him a piece of advice when we visited him. Now we shall have to wait for an opportunity when we will be able to see him. 11. He finished school with the medal, and he didn’t have to take the exams. 12. To my great pity I had no time to see all the sights of the city; I had to leave. 13. To my mind you shouldn’t have concealed this from the parents. 14. You needn’t have postponed the rehearsal, now we shall have no time to prepare for the performance. Exercise VIII (p. 247) 1. You see you needn’t have been so excited: everything has turned out all right. 2. “You must play sport regularly, if you wish to recover”, said the doctor. 3. “I am afraid that we will have to do the work again.” “And I think that the first part may not be done again.” 4. You ought to have consulted the doctor. You may be unwell. 5. He must be a very energetic man. 6. Should we hand in our compositions by all means today? – You need not hand in them today, but you must hand in them by all means tomorrow. 7. You ought to have visited this delightful place long ago. 8. We need not have taken our bathing suits: there was nowhere to bathe. 9. You should have tried to persuade him to be under doctor’s care. 10. The captain said that the storm might burst out any minute. 11. What do you think, must I apologize for my behaviour? 12. We must hurry if we want to listen to his speech. Exercise IX (p. 247) 1. You are carrying such a heavy suitcase. Shall I help you? If you wish my son can help you. – Thank you, you needn’t worry. – But 69 why? Young people must help the elders. 2. What shall I do? I lost a ticket to the concert. I may have dropped it in the bus. – How could you lose a ticket? You can’t be so absent-minded. The tickets to the theatre must be kept in the bag. Your ticket may be at home. You could leave it at home. You should call home. – Yes, my ticket may lie at home, on the table in the hall. I always ask my brother not to detain me when I am in a hurry and he still does it. Now I must call and may be I will have to go home. How unpleasant, I can be late for the concert. Exercise X (p. 247) 1. You ought to have taken into consideration all the details when you discussed this question. 2. He can’t have thought it himself. 3. The children tried to open the door but it wouldn’t open. 4. You must have seen much in the life though you are much younger than I am. 5. The window won’t close. You might repair it after all. 6. A liar should have had a good memory. 7. Can I ask you to do it today? – Don’t even ask me. I have got a lot of work to do. I think I shan’t be able to do even what I must do first. 8. He might have done it himself, he shouldn’t have asked you, you are older than he is. 9. I can’t understand what could happen to him; he is always so punctual. 10. Why must we wait for one person so long? He should have come at 5 o’clock and now it is already 6 o’clock. 11. He can’t have forgotten about our meeting: he fixed the day and the time himself. The Mood The Subjunctive Mood after the Verb Wish Exercise II (p. 250) 1. He wished he could join us. 2. I wished you hadn’t been absent yesterday. 3. I wish he were more polite. 4. They wished they had invited her. 5. He wished he had been able to see the film. 6. How I wish I had told her all the truth then. 7. I wish you could swim. 8. I wish I hadn’t kept you waiting so long. 9. I wish I could go to the theatre with you. 10. I wish I hadn’t disturbed you. 11. I wish you were not leaving so soon. 12. I wish I saw the film again. 14. I wished we could see the stage well. 15. They wished they had taken a taxi and hadn’t missed their train. 70 Exercise VI (p. 252) I 1. a) I wished you hadn’t come so late. b) I wished you had come earlier. 2. a) I wished we hadn’t left before his coming. b) We wished we had waited till his coming. 3. a) I wish they knew everything. b) I wish they didn’t know about it. 4. a) I wish he were not so light-minded. b) I wish he were more serious. 5. a) I wished I had followed his advice. b) I wished I hadn’t followed his advice. II 1. I wished I saw the film once more. 2. I wish I could go to your lecture tomorrow. 3. I wish I could read this book in the original. 4. I wished you had read this book. 5. I wished you hadn’t asked him to fulfil this work. 6. My brother wished he had been present at this meeting. 7. I wished you had thought over my proposal once more. 8. I wished we had met before the departure. 9. We wished we had discussed the play immediately after it had been seen. 10. I wished you had taken such an opportunity. Exercise VII (p. 252) 1. I wished you had been careful. 2. I wished it hadn’t happened in your absence. 3. I wish you were interested in art. 4. I wished I had taken some tablets for a headache. 5. I wished you had gone to the concert with me. 6. I wished you had kept a letter. 7. I wished she had been said by somebody that it was impolite. 8. I wished you always came in time. 9. I wished you could see this match. 10. I wish our teacher paid much attention to your pronunciation. 11. I wished you were more careful the next time. 12. I wish it were spring now! 13. I wish there were no illnesses on the earth. 14. I wished I had asked a doctor when to take a medicine. 15. I wish I knew French. Exercise VIII (p. 252) 1. I wish we knew his address. We could go to him today. 2. I wished I had been taught a foreign language in my childhood. 3. I wished he had devoted his life to mathematics. It is his favourite subject since his childhood. 4. I wish we had a boat for a trip on the sea. 5. I wish I hadn’t given a promise to be at the party, I feel bad. 6. She wished she hadn’t come to the south. 7. I wished you had had time to read this interesting article. 8. I wish I got acquainted with the Petrovs. 9. I wish I could get this rare stamp for my collection. 10. He wished he had heard what was said downstairs. 11. She wished somebody noticed her and asked what she was doing there. 12. I wished I knew where we were going. 13. I wish I knew how you achieved such good results. 71 Exercise IX (p. 253) 1. I wished your daughter looked a bit like you. 2. I wished you came to this or that decision. 3. He wished this evening were over. 4. I sometimes wish I hadn’t decided to write this book. 5. I wished I had a real garden. 6. I wished I hadn’t done it. 7. I wished you began writing the poems again. 8. I wished he stopped writing to me. 9. I wished you were at home. 10. I wished I hadn’t told them about myself. 11. I wished I had told the truth. 12. I wish I had known that you needed this magazine. 13. I wished I had taken part in the excursion. 14. I wished you had followed the doctor’s advice. Exercise X (p. 253) 1. I wish the students spoke English with each other. 2. I wish it didn’t rain. 3. I wished I were at home now. 4. I wish he were with us. 5. I wished you had gone to the lecture with us yesterday. 6. I wish you didn’t disturb me to work. 7. I wish you believed my story. 8. I wished you hadn’t refused this proposal. If I were you I would accept it. 9. I wish they didn’t meddle in other people’s business. 10. I wish you had helped me. 11. I wished you had informed me beforehand. I would surely meet you. 12. I wished we had registered the tickets over the telephone. 13. I wished I had told the truth. 14. I wished he were with us! 15. I wished we had found everybody at home. 16. I wished I knew that this dictionary had already come out. 17. I wished I had consulted the doctor. I would feel better now. The Subjunctive Mood in Conditional Sentences Exercise IV (p. 257) 1. If you hadn’t informed me of the state of things, I wouldn’t have known you needed help. 2. If you hadn’t left the knife in water, it wouldn’t have got rusty. 3. If they hadn’t spent a year in England, they wouldn’t have learned to speak English quite well. 4. If it hadn’t rained, we wouldn’t been obliged to stay indoors. 5. If you had watched the milk, it wouldn’t have boiled over. 6. If a huge rock hadn’t blocked the path, we wouldn’t have had to go all the way round. 7. If the explorers had had radio with them, they could have signalled for help when the storm broke out. 8. If there had been even the slightest wind, the sail boat wouldn’t have laid motionless on the smooth sea. 9. If I hadn’t forgotten to wind up my watch, it wouldn’t have stopped. 10. If Sedov’s expedition hadn’t been very 72 scarcely supplied, it wouldn’t have ended so tragically. 11. If Meresyev hadn’t been extremely strong-willed, he wouldn’t have crawled for eighteen days to reach the front line being seriously wounded. 12. If I had invited them, they would have come. Exercise VII (p. 258) 1. If the weather hadn’t been so bad, we should have spent the whole day out in the country. 2. If he had much time to spare, he would show you around the exhibition himself. 3. If you had asked him about it, he wouldn’t have refused to advise you on the matter. 4. If you came and stayed with us for a week, we should be only too glad. 5. If there had been somebody to send, there would have sent us information. 6. If the cage hadn’t been safely locked from outside, the bird throwing itself against the cage would have opened the small door. 7. If Chapayev were not badly wounded, he could reach the other bank of the Urals. 8. If I were not very busy that day, I could go shopping with you. 9. If your brother described you to me, I would recognize you at once. 10. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you hadn’t been down with quinsy again. 11. If the river were not frozen, we could go skating. 12. If Eliza hadn’t managed to escape, she wouldn’t have saved her child from slavery. 13. If the shoes pinched, I wouldn’t buy the pair though I liked it. Exercise XII (p. 260) 1. But for the importance of this matter, I would stay at home. 2. But for a thunderstorm, we would already come up to the top. 3. I would join your company but for an unexpected arrival of my acquaintance. 4. But for this merry and interesting person, we would feel uncomfortable among unfamiliar people. 5. But for this incident we wouldn’t learn what kind of man he was. 6. But for this small delay we would work all the time exactly according to the plan. Exercise XIII (p. 260) 1. I wish you were acquainted with him. If you were acquainted with him, you would know what a wonderful man he was. 2. I am sure that everybody were upset if the trip would be postponed. 3. He has changed so much! If you met him you would not recognize him. 4. If I were you, I wouldn’t hesitate. 5. If the driver stopped the car, we would go out. 6. If he had been really sorry that he had done that, he would have behaved differently. 7. If you could lend me your dictionary, I would be very thankful to you. 8. If he didn’t possess such a wonderful memory, he couldn’t remember such an unbelievable number 73 of facts. 9. If you had warned me earlier, I would have done everything long ago. 10. But for the professor’s help the results of the experiment wouldn’t have been far from being so satisfactory. 11. If you had visited sports school regularly, you wouldn’t have been expelled. 12. If our scientists hadn’t solved the most important problems connected with the flight, the flight of the first spaceship into space would have been impossible. 13. If I were you, I would come earlier to find him. 14. If I were a painter, I would paint the portrait of this man by all means. 15. What would you say if I turned to you for a piece of advice? Exercise XIV (p. 260) 1. If you came to the meeting of the scientific club, you would listen to an interesting report of one of our students. 2. Would you be displeased if I didn’t come? 3. If he had entered university four years ago, he would have graduated from it next year. 4. If we had known that you needed this book, we would have taken it. 5. They had noticed this mistake if they would have been more attentive. 6. If he were not such an experienced surgeon, he couldn’t save so many lives. 7. Would you go somewhere in the evening if I invited you? 8. If you hadn’t been so absent-minded, you wouldn’t have made so many spelling mistakes. 9. If you had studied systematically, you wouldn’t have had such gaps. 10. If he didn’t have a sly smile, I would sincerely believe him. 11. If you had fulfilled all the pieces of advice of a doctor, you would have recovered long ago. 12. If the train had started in time, it would have arrived at the place of destination tomorrow early in the morning. 13. I would have postponed my work and gone on an excursion with you if I had known about it beforehand. 14. If there were no metro, I would spend on the way about an hour. 15. If I were you, I wouldn’t hesitate a minute and would accept this proposal. 16. I couldn’t have spoken to him on this subject, even if I had seen him yesterday. Exercise XV (p. 261) 1. If I didn’t know him so well, I wouldn’t believe what he had just told me. 2. If you had put the book to the place, it would be here now. 3. If they had begun the work at once, they could have finished it in time. 4. I would have written her long ago if I had known her address. 5. If it were warmer now, I would put on a new summer dress. 6. If you had been more attentive at the last lesson, you would know the material better now. 7. Where would you wait for me if we settled to meet? 8. If he hadn’t been ill then, he could have found himself in a more 74 dangerous situation. 10. Who knows how he would have acted if he had heard about it before? 10. I would have answered the question long ago if I could. 11. Everybody would be glad if you called on us once more before your departure. 12. You would feel better if you walked more. 13. You wouldn’t have broken the vase if you had been more careful. 14. Oh, had I been grown-up enough then to understand the seriousness of the situation! Exercise XVI (p. 261) 1. If you had walked yesterday in the evening, you would have fallen asleep at once. 2. If I were free tomorrow, I would walk with you by all means. 3. If I were free now, I would walk in the Summer Gardens. 4. You would meet my sister if you were walking in the Summer Gardens now. 5. You would feel very well today, if you had been walking with us the whole evening before going to bed. 6. If you liked walks, you would walk with us more often. 7. Had you known how beautiful white nights were here, you would have walked with us yesterday in the evening. 8. If you were not so busy, we would go to the country with you every Sunday. 9. If you had been at the football match yesterday, you would have seen the best football players. 10. I would be very glad if you came to the next football match. 11. If you liked mathematics, you would study it more. 12. If you were free tomorrow, I would go to the exhibition with you with pleasure. 13. You would have visited this exhibition of pictures long ago if you had interested in art. The Subjunctive Mood after the Conjunctions as if (as though) Exercise IV (p. 263) 1. He spoke to me as if he had known me for many years. 2. She thanked me as if I had done something unusual. 3. He was running without looking back as if somebody were chasing him. 4. He spoke about the book with such an air of importance as if he had read it. 5. The beast roared suddenly as if he were wounded. 6. It seemed to me as if I had seen this man somewhere. 7. You got so sunburnt as if you had spent in the south not a month but the whole summer. 8. He looked tired as if he hadn’t rested for a long time. 9. A passerby didn’t stop as if he didn’t hear that he was called. 10. She knew these parts as if she had lived here. 11. It seemed as if nothing had happened. 12. He had such a feeling as if he had been deceived. 13. He looked as if he were waiting for a long time. 75 Exercise V (p. 264) 1. He looked as if not his pupil but he himself were the winner of the competition. 2. The sky was covered with dark clouds. It got dark as if the night came. 3. He looked at the girl with such surprise as if he saw her for the first time. 4. He was sitting at the table as if he were writing, but he was neither writing nor reading. 5. He looked at me as if he didn’t understand what I was telling him. 6. She felt very tired as if she had walked for a long time. 7. She continued looking at the room as if she were looking for somebody. 8. They were talking with each other in low voices as if they were in the church. 9. He buttoned the coat as if it were cold. 10. Usually she looked as if she had just cried. 11. I have such a feeling as if I knew you for years. 12. The dog greeted his master as if they hadn’t seen each other for a year. 13. They didn’t talk as if they were so happy to be together that they needn’t any talk. Exercise VI (p. 264) 1. He loved this child as if she were his own daughter. 2. He was sitting without moving as if he didn’t hear the words of his friend. 3. You look as if you didn’t understand anything. 4. He looked at me as if I told a lie. 5. She looked as if she were just told the unpleasant news. 6. What’s the matter with you? You look as if you were unwell. 7. She treated him as if he were a child. 8. You got so sunburnt as if you just came from the south. 9. He looked tired as if he hadn’t slept the whole night. 10. She breathed so hard as if she had run the whole way. 11. I had such a feeling as if we spoke with him in different languages. 12. For a minute or more he was standing in the middle of the room as if he didn’t know what to do. 13. He speaks as if he repeated somebody’s words. Exercise VII (p. 264) 1. You look as if you didn’t know where to go. 2. She spoke and laughed as if she played at the stage. 3. I remember everything so exactly as if it had taken place yesterday. 4. Why do you look as if you didn’t believe me? 5. I have such a feeling as if I had been deceived. 6. It seems as if everybody had already gone. 7. You made so many mistakes as if you had never heard these rules. 8. Why are you looking at me as if I were telling a lie? 9. He spoke about you as if he knew you well. 10. He spoke about you as if he were not 17 years old but 70. 11. Look, he behaves as if nothing extraordinary had happened. 12. I have such a feeling as if you hadn’t gone away anywhere. 13. He spoke as if he had already known this problem well for many years. 76 The Subjunctive Mood after the Verbs Expressing Orders, Commands, Suggestions Exercise V (p. 266) 1. I suggest that we should go by an evening train. 2. She proposed that we should sleep with an open window, but I was afraid to catch cold. 3. I insist that you should go to the concert today. 4. Our teacher in literature suggested that we all should go to the Pushkin Museum. 5. He insisted that I should subscribe to this magazine. 6. He proposed that we should discuss this problem again. 7. The scientists demanded that the experiment should be continued. 8. The teacher insisted that we should work more in the laboratory. 9. They demanded that we should postpone the meeting. 10. The director ordered that an account should be ready for Monday. 11. The students suggested that the meeting should be held as quicker as possible. 12. The doctor insisted that she should not tire herself. 13. The officer ordered that the soldiers should open the fire. 14. The teacher demanded that we should pay special attention to the pronunciation. Exercise VI (p. 267) 1. The commission demanded that this question should be discussed at the public meeting. 2. I suggest that the discussion of the question should be stopped and it should be returned to it after the report of the experts. 3. The leader of the laboratory recommended that the students should carry out tests. 4. The passengers demanded that the driver should stop a car. 5. I insist that you should frankly express your impression. 6. The members of the rescue party insisted that they should leave the camp in spite of the heavy fog. 7. The commission suggested that more facts should be included in the account. 8. The producer demanded that nobody should be let in into the hall during the rehearsal. 9. They proposed that the participants of amateur talent activities should get the right to take part in the final concert. 10. He suggested that the case should be postponed. 11. The doctor insists that he should go to the south. 12. The shop assistants demanded that the payment should be made within five days. 13. He recommended that the goods should be sent at once. 14. He insists that the plan should be discussed next week. 77 The Subjunctive Mood after It is necessary; It is natural etc. Exercise VI (p. 269) 1. It is very important that you should use every opportunity to speak English with one another. 2. It is strange that you shouldn’t understand the lecture; it was very simple. 3. It was unbelievable for him that such things should be possible nowadays. 4. It is recommended that you should look through the text before translating it 5. It is surprising that she should have forgotten about such an important matter. 6. Isn’t it astonishing that people should show such high results in such an age? 7. It is desirable that your report should be discussed at the chair before you make it at the conference. 8. It is necessary that students should apply their knowledge in practice. 9. It is very important that you should pay attention to your health. 10. It is improbable that you should have learnt a foreign language so quickly. 11. It is astonishing that he should pay attention to such unimportant questions. 12. It is doubtful that the whole dictionary should have been completed. The Subjunctive Mood after It’s (about) time; It’s high time Exercise IV (p. 270) 1. It’s about time we went. 2. It’s high time he explained what he had intended to do. 3. It’s high time he were given a good lesson. 4. When I woke up I felt it was about time I called a doctor. 5. It’s about time we had dinner. 6. He was told that it was time he learned to do as he was ordered. 7. It’s high time you threw away this old furniture. 8. What do you think if it is time we returned home? 9. It’s high time you decided what subject you would write a report. 10. It is about time you went to bed. 11. It’s high time you were more serious. 12. It’s about time you read this novel. Exercise V (p. 271) 1. It’s high time you knew this rule. 2. It’s about time you stopped behaving in such a way. 3. It’s time you gave up smoking. 4. It’s about time you thought seriously about your behaviour. 5. It’s high time you switched on the light. Why will you ruin your eyesight? 6. It’s high time a child went to bed. 7. You drive a car not the first year. It’s high time you 78 knew traffic regulations. 8. Isn’t it time we paid serious attention to this question? 9. It’s high time you saw a dentist. 10. It’s winter soon. It’s high time we finished repairs. 11. What are we waiting? It’s about time we were on our way. 12. Isn’t it time they stopped these jokes? The Subjunctive Mood in Adverbial Clauses of Purpose Exercise III (p. 272) 1. A car will be sent down to your place tonight so that it may take you straight to the station. 2. Copy out the examples and study them thoroughly lest you should make mistakes in the construction. 3. They wrote her a letter so that they might remind her of her promise. 4. You will have to close either the door or the window lest there should be a draught. 5. We shall start earlier lest we should miss the train. 6. I have repeated this so that you might understand. 7. The guide marked the path carefully lest the party should get lost on their way back. 8. They spoke in a whisper lest they should wake anyone in the room. 9. How is the picture to be packed lest it should be spoiled on the way? Exercise IV (p. 273) 1. Write down the number of my telephone lest you should forget it. 2. Advise her to dress warmer lest she should catch cold. 3. Ring her up lest she should forget to take my book. 4. Explain to him how to go to our datcha so that he could visit us some day. 5. Take a tablet lest you should have a headache. 6. Ask her to speak in a lower voice lest she should wake up a child. 7. You must go very carefully here lest you should fall down. 8. Repair your pen so that you might use it. 9. You must get up tomorrow morning earlier lest you should miss the train. 10. He put his luggage under the bench so that the passengers might go to their places. 11. Put a ladder so that a passenger can climb an upper berth. Exercise V (p. 273) 1. Hold your cap with your hand lest it should fall down. 2. Tell me your exact address once more lest I should make mistakes any more. 3. He stated his plan in details so that everything might be clear and lest there should be any doubt. 4. Switch on one more lamp so that it may be lighter in the room. 5. After the death of the poet nothing was moved in his room so that everything might look as it was when he 79 lived. 6. She pretended as if she were looking for something in the papers lest nobody should notice her excitement. 7. Write him at once so that he could know our plans. 8. Send him a telegram so that he could know about our arrival. 9. Tell him to put his money in the purse lest he should lose it. 10. Ask them to hurry lest they should be late for the meeting. 11. I will give you this book so that you can write out some extracts from it. 12. I let you know about all these things so that we could understand each other. 13. The girl didn’t close the window neither in the daytime nor at night so that a cat might come to her room. 14. We went for a walk so that I could see the forest before it got dark. 15. Call me when you leave so that I could know when to wait for you. Revision of the Use of the Subjunctive Mood Exercise I (p. 274) 1. I wish I were not short of money at the moment, I’d gladly lend you some. 2. I wish he came. 3. I wish you hadn’t declined our invitation. 4. I wish you had heard his comments. 5. We wish we had grasped your idea at once. It would have saved a lot of trouble. 6. We wish we hadn’t had to row against the current. 7. During the night the river rose; we wished we hadn’t settled only a few yards from the water edge. 8. I wish you were not so busy these days. 9. My friend wishes he had told you this at once. 10. She wished she had had time enough to make the experiments. 11. We wish we were able to reach the destination before sunset. 12. I wish I hadn’t made you angry by disturbing you at such an early hour. 13. I wish you were not leaving us so soon. 14. I wish you received an answer before the New Year. Exercise V (p. 275) 1. She would not have heard him if he had not answered her. 2. I’d ask you to have dinner with me if I didn’t have a previous engagement. 3. Why didn’t you tell me? It would have been only fair if you had given me a chance of judging for myself. 4. He would not have known what music to play for him if he hadn’t known his father were among the audience. 5. She would have liked to be an adventuress if she had managed it. 6. A cat would be happy here if Helen could get it. 7. An airport would have been closed completely if there had been a storm like this. 8. The children might have been lost if it hadn’t been me. 80 Exercise VI (p. 275) 1. But for the spell of bad weather I would have skated much during the winter holidays. 2. But for the film shown on TV they would have felt dull in the evening. 3. But for his father he would have watched the football match yesterday. 4. But for my relatives in Moscow I would have stayed at the hotel. 5. But for the slight cough I would have felt quite well. 6. But for the fall the skater would have won the prize. 7. But for his help during her illness she would have fallen behind the group. Exercise IX (p. 276) 1. It is time you put an end to this pointless talk. 2. It is about time you realized the importance of the matter. 3. It’s about time you expressed such simple things in English. 4. It’s high time you consulted a doctor if you do not want your illness to be more serious! 5. It’s about time you began reading books in the original no matter how difficult it may seem to you. 6. Isn’t it time you were moving up front? We are getting off the next stop. 7. It is high time everybody came. 8. It is high time the second course were served. 9. It is about time you started on a research. 10. It’s time she understood that she was no longer a child and she thought seriously of her future. 11. It is about time the team started practising. Exercise XI (p. 277) 1. It is necessary that you should take into consideration all the details. 2. It’s impossible that he should have said it. 3. I demand that you should be here at 8 o’clock sharp. 4. She insisted that he should be helped. 5. I wished he were more attentive at the lessons. 6. I wished he were present at our meeting. 7. We closed the windows lest it should be cold in the room. 8. I am saying all this lest there should be any misunderstanding. 9. We hurried so that we might get home before the approach of the darkness. 10. I suggest that we should go by an evening train. 11. You got so sunburnt as if you had spent the whole summer in the south. 12. It is strange that he couldn’t answer such a simple question. 13. She proposed that we should sleep with an open window, but I was afraid to catch cold. 14. It is necessary that we should rest a little before we begin this work. 15. I suggest that we should go to the concert today.16. Speak slowly lest I should miss some word. 17. I wish you read this book; I am sure you will like it. 18. I will come early so that we could prepare everything before the coming of the guests. 81 Exercise XII (p. 277) 1. If it hadn’t been so late we would have continued our work. 2. We would have translated this article yesterday if we had had a dictionary. 3. If we had left the house ten minutes earlier we wouldn’t have missed the train. 4. If I could I would get you the tickets for tomorrow’s concert, but I was told that all the tickets had been sold. 5. If it hadn’t been so cold we would have gone skating. It is my favourite kind of sport. 6. If you had been more careful, you wouldn’t have broken a cup. 7. If I were in these places again, I would go fishing by all means. 8. If you were asked this question, would you be able to answer it? 9. He looked at me as if he had never seen me before. 10. If you really liked to read, you would always find time for reading. 11. It is necessary that you should take a holiday for a month. 12. Oh, if only she had known then where to write him! 13. I insist that we should stay here. Exercise XIII (p. 278) 1. If a car hadn’t gone at such speed, an accident wouldn’t have happened. 2. If I hadn’t had a headache, I wouldn’t have gone home so early. 3. He spoke as if he were not twelve years old but twenty years old. 4. I wish it were always warm. 5. He ordered that everybody should come up to them. 6. Read all the rules lest you should make mistakes in the exercises. 7. I wish you drew everything you will see. 8. If you had trained regularly, you wouldn’t have lost the game. 9. I went to my room so that nobody might disturb me. 10. I wish you had seen a letter. It would explain to you everything. 11. I proposed that he should come and stay with me several days. 12. I wished he were more hardworking. 13. I wished you came to us tomorrow. 14. If we hadn’t walked so quickly, we wouldn’t have been so tired. 15. If your proposal had been received last week, we would have accepted it. 16. If I were younger! Exercise XIV (p. 278) 1. He was smiling as if he didn’t believe what I was saying. 2. A girl sat quietly as if she were watching TV. 3. It would have been better for us if we had never met. 4. He spoke about the book as if he had read it. 5. Hang the advertisement higher so that everybody may see it. 6. He didn’t say a word as if he didn’t hear that we were talking about him. 7. He said just what the others could have also said if they had been sincere. 8. It’s about time he began to work without assistance. 9. The aim of our excursion was that the students could get acquainted with the art of Bulgaria. 10. If the station hadn’t been so far we would have 82 carried our things ourselves. 11. I wish we had met before the departure. 12. He ordered that we should sit on the back seat of the car so that we could talk. Exercise XV (p. 279) 1. If you had put the book on its place, it would be here now. 2. I wished you had waited for me. We would go sightseeing together. 3. It’s high time you knew these rules. We repeated them at every lesson. 4. He insisted that I should go to rest. 5. We hurried lest we should miss the train. 6. She gave me the key so that I might open the door. 7. I insisted that we should stay here. 8. It’s time you woke him up. 9. I wish you read more. 10. I wished you had been at the theatre with us. If you had been, you could have taken part in the discussion of the play. 11. If I were younger, I would go in for sailing. 12. Write down my address lest you should forget it. 13. Send them a telegram so that they may know about our arrival. 14. He insists that everybody should be present at this meeting. 15. If I were free in the evening tomorrow, I would go to the concert. The Verbals The Infinitive Exercise IV (p. 283) a) 1. to bother, to be given; 2. to be bothered, to decide; 3. to show, to be liked, to be praised; 4. to be expressed, to put; 5. to tell, to know, to be told; 6. to be published, to appear; to sell, to be sold; 7. to earn; to be read, to be forgotten. b) 1. to travel, to see; 2. to know, to have learned; 3. to have overflown, to have advanced; 4. to be reading, to notice; 5. to be looking; 6. to have been raining; 7. to have booked; 8. to have revised, to have worked out. Exercise V (p. 284) 1. to be studying; 2. to speak; 3. to have been working; 4. to be heard; 5. to have been lost, to find; to have been misplaced; 6. to have been flying, to be seen; 7. to answer; 8. to have been acquainted, to have met; 9. to be tested. 83 Exercise VI (p. 284) 1. to have returned; 2. to revise; 3. a) to arrive; b) to have arrived; 4. a) to come; b) to have come; 5. to have helped; 6. to have reminded; 7. to remember; 8. to spare, have spared; 9. to have landed; 10. to be, to have been. Exercise XIV (p. 288) a) 1. To go to the cinema was too late. 2. If was useless to try to do it for a day. 3. My duty was to make tea in the morning and in the evening. 4. It was impossible not to hear everything what happened in the street. 5. It was very pleasant to put on a new shirt once more. b) 1. Don’t forget to take the tablets for the headache. 2. They hoped to meet their brother in the swimmimg pool, but he was not there. 3. He invited his friends to come and see his new picture. 4. He gave Philip his address, and Philip promised to have dinner with him next Sunday. 5. I decided to go to Moscow together with my parents. c) 1. Here is a letter to be delivered immediately. 2. He worked well and easily. He had many things to do. 3. Nothing was left to do, only just to wait for the parents to come. 4. He had the children to take care of. 5. Somebody must be the first to begin speaking. 6. They were the first to come, so they will be the first to leave. 7. He had a lot of information to tell his parents at once. 8. He had little luggage to be packed. 9. You look very ill. Is there anybody to take care of you here? 10. She had nothing to say. d) 1. She was too surprised to speak about it. 2. He is clever enough to understand your joke. 3. He is old enough to be my grandfather. 4. I am too weak to go there alone. 5. He is well enough to ski. 6. He is experienced enough to fulfil this work in time. e) 1. I came to be sure I would be able to help you. 2. He stood up to leave. 3. She walked back to look at her work. 4. Go and find somebody else to help you. 5. They needed fifteen minutes to explore the second tunnel. 6. What are you doing here? – I have come to look for you. 7. He came up to the children to say good-bye. 8. He smiled at her and went to help father to pack things. 9. We went to the other room to look at their library. 10. She entered the room to say that Jane had already come. 11. He came up close enough to see her face. 12. Ten days later she was well enough to leave the hospital. 13. Next day she got up early to prepare the room for her son’s arrival. 84 The Infinitive Constructions The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction (The Complex Object) Exercise VI (p. 293) 1. I have never heard him speak of his boyhood. 2. I saw the door swing open at once. 3. I want you to tell me about something quite different. 4. Don’t let you worry about that. 5. What made her say this? 6. Let my mother go without her word. 7. Her long hair made her look young. 8. I like to hear her sing. 9. Did anyone notice you come in? 10. Do you think this to be a dangerous case? 11. I suppose him to be about fifty. 12. I don’t want me to misunderstand any of you. 13. He hated people to argue about things of no importance. 14. They consider themselves worthy of promotion. Exercise VIII (p. 294) 1. His remark made everybody feel ill at ease. 2. We never wanted us to happen something like that. 3. Let us try to get him to join our company. 4. In this way she caused her to be respected. 5. The new arrival ordered his things to be brought to his room. 6. They asked him to allow to exhibit his picture. 7. I only want this to be done and as soon as possible. 8. How could you let you be deceived? 9. They warned me not to begin this work before I was sure I could do it. 10. We considered the plan to be quite fulfilled. 11. She had not expected her to answer, but she did. 15. The garden was so enclosed with flowers that one could hardly believe it to be in the middle of a big city. 16. He liked everything to be in perfect order. Exercise IX (p. 294) 1. I think it to be a noble action from his part. 2. I don’t allow this to say in my presence. 3. I want us all to be friends. 4. We heard him tell this story many times. 5. Have your secretary make a copy of this document. 6. Can we rely on you to support us? 7. Nobody, besides her, noticed the expression of his face change suddenly. 8. Have I understood correctly you to be of the same opinion? 9. Speak to him; try to get him to refuse from his intention. 10. I don’t know him to come to a hasty 85 decision some day. 11. What makes you think so? 12. He felt the blood rush to his face. 13. I saw him leave the room. 14. We heard a car stop near the entrance. Exercise X (p. 295) 1. He didn’t expect me to leave so quickly. 2. She heard his car leave. 3. She watched him go out of the house. 4. His letters made her laugh. 5. Let us go home. 6. She would like me to visit them on Sunday. 7. She tried to make him wear a cap. 8. You must take care of your husband and not allow him to work too much. 9. It is difficult to make him understand it. 10. He watched his wife pour him coffee and put a cup on the table. 11. I want you to tell me something about your parents. 12. Do you want me to go there now? 13. I saw him turn to Jane and say something to her. 14. Some time later he heard her mention his name. 15. Do you want me to tell him about it today? 16. Ha has never heard her mention his name. 17. I have never heard him speak so much. 18. I felt somebody touch me by the hand. Exercise XI (p. 295) 1. I want you to learn this poem by heart. 2. They suppose him to leave for a long time. 3. We won’t suffer you to treat books so badly. 4. The teacher made us copy the dictation. 5. I saw the postman hand the telegram to my neighbour. 6. He wants him to tell this story once more. 7. She didn’t know her to be admitted to university. 8. She didn’t expect her work to be so highly estimated. 9. We didn’t know their pictures to be exhibited at the exhibition. 10. The professor wants you to submit your project as soon as possible. 11. Nobody noticed her leave. 12. Nobody ever heard him sing. 13. We supposed the book to consist of three parts. Exercise XII (p. 295) 1. Nobody noticed him enter quietly and stand at the door. 2. I have never heard him argue or object. 3. He hated him to object or express his opinion. 4. He wanted the experiments to be repeated. 5. I saw a man sitting at the table read my note. 6. I want you to translate this article. 7. We expected the delegation to come at the end of the week. 8. I would like you to spend summer with us. 9. He heard somebody enter the room. 10. I made her learn this poem by heart. 11. They expected us to take part in the discussion. 12. I think fresh air to be the best medicine. 13. He was made to turn to the doctor. 14. I know him to be one of the best hockey players. 15. Your remark made me laugh. 86 The For-to-Infinitive Construction Exercise II (p. 297) 1. She stood at the kitchen door waiting for her sister to come for a walk by the sea. 2. It is time for you to go, Tom. 3. There was nobody for her to speak to. 4. A man was walking wearily towards us, and we waited for him to come up to us in order to ask the way again. 5. Janet sat and waited for them to go away. 6. She then sat down on the chair and waited for the kettle to boil. 7. Was it possible for her to forget him? 8. Then she went to the kitchen where the tray had been set by her mother and waited for her servant to make the tea. 9. He waited for her to speak. 10. It is quite natural for him to act like that. 11. Let us wait for a definite answer to arrive. 12. It’s important for him to understand this. Exercise III (p. 297) 1. The main thing is for all of us to work in close cooperation. 2. Why are you so anxious for him to go? 3. This is a lesson for you to remember for the rest of your life. 4. He is just the man for you to consult. 5. I shall leave the magazine for you to read it. 6. He closed the window for the papers not be scattered by the wind. 7. The ice has become too thin for the boys to go skating. 8. The young actor must be very talented for the producer to have given him a leading part to play. It is something extraordinary for a man of his age to be so active and full of vitality. Exercise VIII (p. 299) 1. What I want is for you to understand me clearly. 2. He asked for his friends to be taken to the club. 3. There is no need for us to detain here. 4. The boy has a very musical ear: you have only to play a melody once for him to repeat it at once from memory. 5. It was so dark in the room that I had to wait for my eyes to get accustomed to the darkness. 6. Send a telegram for us somebody to meet. 7. He waited at the receiver for him to be given a necessary number. 8. It was impossible for him not to believe you even after you had shown him the letter. 9. We waited patiently for the letter to be answered. 10. There is no need for the ship to call at Tuapse. 11. Send a letter for them to know about our plans. 12. The text was too difficult for him to translate it without a dictionary. 13. It is too late for the children to go for a walk. 14. It was necessary for him to return home immediately. 87 Exercise IX (p. 299) 1. She called for them to visit her at the beginning of September. 2. She spoke loudly enough for everybody to hear her well. 3. She waited for Ann to return from her walk. 4. She was waiting for her husband to pay for a taxi. 5. At eight o’clock the children entered to say good night, and came up to their mother for her to kiss them. 6. It was difficult for my friends to follow me. 7. He called for a nurse to invite a new patient. 8. It is difficult for me to go upstairs. 9. It was necessary for us to go five kilometers more to get to the forest where there was our camp. 10. I think there is no reason for us to be anxious. 11. We waited for them to begin a conversation. 12. It is easy for you to say this. 13. It is necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases. 14. The first thing for me to do is to find out when the train arrives. 15. Water was too cold for children to bathe. Exercise X (p. 299) 1. He asked for the letter to be sent today. 2. It is necessary for you to send a telegram at once. 3. He promised to let them know about his departure, and now it is too late for him to change his decision. 4. The first for you to do is to try to call to Moscow. 5. Of course it is for him to decide. 6. Find out from him the telephone number of his relatives for me to ring them up. 7. I think it would be better for him to stay at home. 8. Now it is warm enough for him not to take warm things. 9. It is very important for you to send a letter in time. 10. We expected all the time for them to let us know about it. 11. It is very difficult for him to decide this question. 12. It will be very useful for you to live in the country. 13. It is easy for him to do it. 14. It is necessary for your sister to see him. 15. It is difficult for us to do this work in such a short period of time. 16. It is not for me to decide. 17. My father thought it was necessary for me to accept this proposal. The Subjective Infinitive Construction (The Complex Subject) Exercise III (p. 302) 1. He was never known to lose his temper. 2. We were not allowed to visit the patients. 3. He appeared to know the answer to the quiz. 4. It seems to be improbable. 5. He is likely to be here. 6. He was made to withdraw his order. 7. I happened to be out of town at the time. 8. He seemed to enjoy the concert. 9. We were likely to be there by accident. 10. We chanced to be out when he called. 11. Everything is sure to turn out all right. 12. They let the secret leak out. 13. You were not meant to hear this. 14. They seem not to notice it. 88 Exercise IV (p. 302) 1. He marched out into the hall. He was heard to lift the receiver and dial the number. 2. She was not expected to write often, for he knows that letter-writing came difficult to her. 3. I happened to know Eliza’s brother well. 4. The boy was made to take off his boot and stocking. 5. Her dinner party seemed to go on too long to her. 6. She seemed to understand the purpose of his question. 7. When she passed by they appeared to look at her attentively. 8. They appeared to be coming down when I left the room. 9. He is unlikely to come and see us soon. 10. John is believed to have arrived in London. 11. Jack is known to be good at painting. 12. The spaceship is reported to have landed successfully. 13. He is believed to be clever. 14. He is said to be the best teacher in our school. 15. His father happened to come. 16. Everybody seemed to have taken the problem seriously. 17. I happened to see them at the theatre. 18. He was likely to have hidden my journal under his mattress. Exercise V (p. 302) 1. The public is expected not to walk on the grass. 2. It is believed to be a mistake. 3. The boy is known to be a liar. 4. We are supposed not to play tennis in winter. 5. He is said to be a good singer. 6. You are expected to be very punctual. 7. The plane is reported to reach the Crimea on time. 8. The actor is believed to be very talented. 9. The theatre is announced to go abroad next summer. 10. He was made to rewrite the article once more. 11. This part of land is believed to be once under the sea. 12. Several boys were seen to be riding on horseback across the field. 13. My fears proved to be groundless. 14. This test was supposed to be the final one. 15. Father was expected to have come home before the New Year. Exercise VI (p. 303) 1. The circus is announced to be touring the country in the summer. 2. One could see that she appeared to be in high spirits. 3. The truth is sure to come out. 4. The man’s mind seemed to be working with extraordinary freedom. 5. The morning sun is found to have more ultraviolet rays. 6. The negotiations are said to be reaching a decisive stage. 7. A new epidemic of the flu is reported to have been sweeping Europe for the past two months. 8. The air is felt to be growing colder. 9. He is considered to be the best candidate to the post. 10. The answer is not likely to please him. 11. The ground in this valley is known to be very boggy. 89 Exercise VII (p. 303) 1. He is said to be the best doctor in our city. 2. He was seen to turn the page and begin reading. 3. He was heard to go upstairs soon. 4. Many people from passengers were likely to be tourists. 5. I appeared to know him well. 6. You seem to have changed very much since that time. 7. The entrance door was heard to bang. 8. We were supposed to meet near school at six o’clock. 9. The streets of the town were empty: all the local population seemed to have left for the forest. 10. They seemed to have quite forgotten him. 11. She was likely to be the only person who will stay here for ever. 12. His eyes were seen to flash, but he said nothing. 13. I seem to know you well. I must have met you at my parents’. 14. They are likely to thank me for this help. 15. You seem to know much about this town. Exercise VIII (p. 303) 1. The door was heard to open, and somebody entered the room. 2. I happened not to be at home when he called. 3. When he spoke he seems to speak more to himself than to themselves. 4. He was heard to play the piano and sing something. 5. I happened to say that you know him. 6. He seems to help the other students too. 7. She seems to have agreed to go on an excursion to Yasnaya Polyana. 8. Alexander seemed to ask a question, but he is likely to change his intention. 9. Your friend seems to be very interested in ancient history. 10. He appeared to be a very pleasant interlocutor. 11. The results of the experiment proved to be more interesting than they were supposed. 12. The preparation of the second edition of this dictionary is said to come to an end. 13. The new dictionary is said to come out before the end of the year. 14. These pictures are sure to be exhibited at the nearest exhibition. 15. The match was supposed to have been put off not because of bad weather. 16. This event is certain to be much spoken about. Exercise IX (p. 304) 1. The exhibition is said to have collected a very interesting material about the natural resources of this district. 2. A large group of builders is reported to be sent to this district. 3. A new town is supposed to be built in this district. 4. They are supposed to come already to the place of destination. 5. Cold weather was not expected to come so early. 6. This year the average temperature of May is reported to be considerably lower than it was last year. 7. He is unlikely to make him do something if he doesn’t want this. 8. This turner is said to be working at the new rationalization proposal now. 9. This invention is 90 supposed to help save much metal. 10. We appeared to have met once. 11. You seem to be tired. Don’t you want to rest? 12. The conditions of work proved to be more difficult than they were supposed. 13. You are sure to like this play. 14. She was heard to sing something going downstairs. Exercise X (p. 304) 1. He didn’t seem to understand all the seriousness of the situation. 2. Do you seem not to like his proposal? 3. Do you happen to know this man? 4. He is likely to have been anxious about something. 5. My fellow traveller proved to be a great expert of architecture. 6. A telegram is sure to be delivered tomorrow morning. 7. He is certain to mix everything. 8. He was seen to work in the garden every day. 9. This proposal is likely to interest him. 10. I hope objections are unlikely to be against such an agenda. 11. We proved to have many mutual acquaintances. 12. He was never seen to be so excited. 13. Now our research is considered to be completed. 14. This top is considered to be inaccessible for a long time. 15. Some difficulties seemed unlikely to appear. 16. The book seemed to be interesting to me from the very beginning. 17. New buses turned out to be very comfortable. 18. The students were allowed to use the dictionary while translating the text at the exam. Revision of Infinitive Constructions Exercise III (p. 305) 1. Somebody heard my name mention. 2. You may rely on her not to let you down. 3. The introduction of this device enables the productivity of labour to increase considerably. 4. It causes me to feel sad. 5. It is very pleasant to know everybody to like you. 6. When I waited in the reception room I saw a girl come out with a file in her hands. I understood her to have been the secretary. 7. They get him to return. They will take care of it. 8. I supposed him to know more than he had said. 9. I felt something hard strike my leg. 10. We expected steps to be taken in this direction. 11. A wind made the windows rattle. 12. I suspected him to conceal the truth from me. Exercise V (p. 306) I 1. My friend was ill for a long time and she missed many lessons at university. But we hope that she will catch up with the group. Everybody considers her to be a capable girl. Besides I think her 91 to be very hardworking. Of course nobody makes her work. Every day I see her study in the reading hall. I like her to tell me about her studies in the evenings. Now we already feel that she is making progress. I wish her to be one of the best students of our group. II 1. He was made to turn to a doctor. 2. Your behaviour made me get angry. 3. I heard many outstanding pianists perform this Beethoven’s sonata. 4. I know him to be one of the best chess players of our country. 5. Many people consider the Black Sea coast to be the best place for rest. Exercise VII (p. 307) 1. It is necessary for you to be here tomorrow in the evening. 2. It is easy for him to do it. 3. It is difficult for us to do this work in such a short period of time. 4. It is necessary for our specialists to know foreign languages. 5. It was for me to decide what had to be done. 6. The weather was too bad for the ships to go to the sea. 7. He turned his head and nodding he showed the detachment to follow him. 8. The night was too dark for the tourists to continue the way. 9. I am waiting for you to tell me something pleasant. 10. The first thing for me to do is to find out when the train from Moscow arrives. 11. It is easy for you to say this. 12. The water was too cold for us to bathe. Exercise IX (p. 308) 1. The expedition is believed to return next Sunday. 2. The coming conference is supposed to be of great importance for our work. 3. The performance was said to have been a success. 4. The meeting is likely to take place tomorrow. 5. He seems to possess a valuable collection of pictures. 6. She seems to be seriously ill. 7. The word “smog” is known to be a combination of the two words “smoke” and “fog”. 8. Great construction work is reported to be going on in their city. 9. The Gulf Stream is known to bring warm waters to the British shores. 10. He seems to be tired. 11. The students are supposed to have already passed their exams. 12. The coastline of the British Isles is known to be irregular. Exercise X (p. 308) 1. My relatives are likely to go to the Crimea in summer. 2. If you want to speak to my sister, ring her up now. She is sure to be at home. She is unlikely to be at home tomorrow. 3. Yesterday I happened to meet your friend. He seems to have hurried. 4. He is likely to work in our district. 5. He is said to have proved to be a 92 good teacher. 6. He is said to live in the north for a long time. 7. He is known to work at the problem of growing the new kinds of fruit in the north. 8. The results of his work are supposed to be very interesting. 9. He is reported to finish the series of experiments now. 10. The report about his work is supposed to be made in Moscow. 11. He is considered to be a talented young researcher. 12. He is unlikely to finish his work this year. 13. The results of his researches are certain to interest the specialists. 14. His report seems to consist of three parts. 15. He is sure to be the best skier in the group. Exercise XI (p. 308) 1. I want you to translate this article. 2. She heard somebody enter the room. 3. They are expected to come to Moscow soon. 4. The conference is supposed to be at the end of the month. 5. I would like you to spend summer with us. 6. She is supposed to perform the main role in this play. 7. The weather is expected to change. 8. I didn’t mean you to learn this text by heart. 9. I suspect him to have taken my book. 10. The delegation was expected to come at the end of the week. 11. I want you to be hardworking. 12. The book is expected to be published this year. 13. You are said to have made a very good report at the scientific conference. 14. May I rely on you to come in time? 15. I know him to have written some very good poems. 16. We expected us to take part in the discussion of the report. Exercise XII (p. 309) 1. The first thing for you to do is to register the tickets for the boat. 2. The children seem to have lost. 3. An interesting discussion about this question is likely to be spread. 4. He seems not to have understood that he was not right. 5. An English writer Voinich is known to have been living in Petersburg for some years. 6. Russian literature is considered to influence on her creative work. 7. From three sisters Charlotte Brontë is considered to be more talented. 8. Chekhov’s stories are known to admire the whole world. 9. The premier of the performance is reported to be in May. 10. I happened to meet him in the museum. 11. I want you to do it all over again. 12. Nobody seemed to be able to solve this problem. 13. The best actors of cinemas and TV are known to come from the theatre. 14. He is considered to be one of the more experienced specialists on the history of the cinema. 15. The number of people visiting theatres was supposed to decrease much with the invention of television. 93 The Gerund Exercise III (p. 321) 1. meeting; 2. being hurt; 3. being recognized; 4. being seen; 5. seeing; 6. liking; 7. taking; 8. seeing; 9.being seen; 10. sending; 11. being sent; 12. being examined; 13. knowing; 14. being impressed; 15. being interrupted; 16. reminding, being reminded; 17. introducing, talking; 18. speaking of; 19. being installed. Exercise IV (p. 321) 1. continuing; 2. drinking; 3. being asked; 4. writing; 5. playing; 6. putting; 7. denying; 8. dancing; 9. being spied; 10. having thought; 11. reading, going; 12. being observed, running. Exercise V (p. 322) 1. I remember having met your brother in the Caucasus. 2. He suggested starting at once. 3. She quite understood you having disliked the idea of remaining in town the whole summer. 4. I propose his doing the work. 5. I insisted on his coming with us. 6. He is responsible for the letter being delivered today. 7. We are keen on your spending the summer with us. 8. He denied having seen him. 9. She disliked my having told you the truth. 10. I prefer our staying at home on such a rainy day. 11. He objected our starting so early. 12. He acknowledged having made a mistake. 13. He admitted being wrong. 14. We insisited on the work being done properly. 15. They agreed his being a very brave man. 16. I am displeased at your having made that mistake. 17. He wrote about his arriving soon. 18. We are sure of his having passed the examinations successfully. 19. Do you mind my taking the book? 20. I was afraid of your being late. Exercise VI (p. 322) 1. She bowed her head without speaking. 2. I like doing everything myself. 3. He was tired of having talked too much. 4. On returning she went immediately into the dining-room. 5. I don’t remember having met him in London. 6. Little Jane liked being clean. 7. After having examined the patient he said it was simply a case of nerve strain. 8. I’m so tired of sitting at home. 9. I am still a little afraid of being late. 10. The younger man hesitated before answering. 11. He went on without paying attention to her interruption. 12. She stepped back without saying a word. 13. After having left his friends at university he bought copies of the early editions of 94 the book. 14. After having realized his mistake his first thought was to leave the house as quickly as possible. 15. On entering the room he addressed Alec without preliminaries. 16. I suggested visiting my relatives. Exercise VII (p. 323) 1. Good-bye, and thank you ever so much for coming with me. 2. She was afraid of going on public transport. 3. She began to have frightful pains all over her, and she held her breath to prevent herself from crying out and waking her mother. 4. This was Mike’s only chance of telling them of his college life. 5. She had the habit of placing the word “eh” at the end of her remarks, questions and answers alike. 6. I was aware of plunging into a network of fresh difficulties. 7. His mother would not like the idea of eating fruit unwashed. 8. “I don’t see the use of reading the same thing over and over again”, said Philip. 9. She could not remember of having been asked about it. 10. That’s no reason of giving up. 11. It would be better to wait for him on the terrace where she was fond of sitting toward evening enjoying the view of which she was never tired. 12. Are you thinking, Sandy, of doing a day’s washing? 13. She was on the point of obtaining permission to go for walks alone. 14. “That child needs taking care of”, said Eliza. 15. Did he suspect her seeing him enter the room? 16. Thank you for having given me this book. 17. “I’m not very good at guessing,” I said with a laugh. Exercise VIII (p. 323) 1. After having been asked whether he would go to the south he answered he hadn’t yet made up his mind. 2. You can’t be serious in making me such a proposal. 3. After this unpleasant scene, he avoided being seen by his friends. 4. We couldn’t help smiling at the child’s earnestness. 5. She left without saying good-bye to anyone which was very rude of her. 6. I remember staying a weekend with him. He is a pleasant fellow. 7. The engineer came up to the platform for the purpose of demonstrating some special technique. 8. I think you made a mistake of having come here. 9. I’ve got to have some good excuse of seeing him more often. 10. Our guests showed little hesitation of having accepted the invitation. 11. He had some difficulty of controlling his temper. 12. On seeing his mother the boy rushed forward with outstretched arms. 13. The day was spent in packing, and in the evening, the people came to say goodbye. 14. I succeeded in extinguishing the flames which were devouring the curtains. 15. The initiative of arranging a party did not come from our side. 95 Exercise IX (p. 323) 1. I think it’s no use of going into every detail. 2. Now your keeping strict hours of meals must do you a lot of good. 3. It was such fun of watching the monkeys go through different tricks. 4. All tickets were sold out, there was no getting in that night. 5. Is it worth while assembling your bicycle so long before the beginning of the season? 6. What I enjoyed most in that quiet corner after the noise of the city was being free and alone. 7. “Is it any good crying over the broken toy?” the mother said to the child. “Tears are no help in sorrow.” 8. It was quite unexpected finding you there. 9. a) Collecting postage stamps was a hobby with him. b) His hobby was collecting postage stamps. 10. Reading without paying attention to the language is robbing oneself of great intellectual pleasure. 11. He knew only too well that his having tried to land the plane on such a small clearing in the wood was running the risk, but there was no alternative. Exercise X (p. 324) 1. Their arguing over trifles is waste of time. 2. My watch needs repairing as it doesn’t keep good time. 3. I remember having met the man in London. 4. I think she is fond of gossiping. 5. I hate being interrupted. 6. I’m so grateful to you for having helped me a lot. 7. I’m against my mother’s interfering in my affairs. 8. Give up this habit of smoking. 9. Do you mind my coming in late tonight? 10. The professor insists on our repeating the experiment. 11. You can rely on his settling the matter. 12. I must consult my solicitor about signing the document. 13. After having interviewed him he was offered the job. 14. Is it worth while convincing him of that? 15. I’m not used to treating me like that. 16. He suspected of being spied on. Exercise XI (p. 324) 1. He had been with us for twenty minutes without saying a word. 2. His explaining every detail made everything clear to me. 3. She has quite a gift making complicated things clear and simple. 4. He surely risked to break his neck jumping across the stream. 5. My brother has a very irritating habit of singing some tune all the time. 6. We have no objection of their leaving earlier. 7. On looking out of the window she saw a large crowd gathering in the garden in front. 8. She was very much disappointed at having not received any letters. 9. We kept the child from crying telling him funny stories. 10. He gave up the idea completely deciding not to go there. 11. Instead of sitting idle you ought to take the initiative into your hands. 12. He was a burden to us being not at all helpful. 96 Exercise XIII (p. 326) 1. They prided themselves of having created this theory the first. 2. We insisted on finding him at the place. 3. I can’t recall my having ever been introduced to him. I even don’t remember having seen him. 4. He could not get used to his calling grandfather. 5. I’m really ashamed of not having written to you for a long time. 6. She denied having promised something like that. 7. We hope he will succeed in finding his place in life. 8. Why do you avoid calling the things by their names? 9. We thought of having come at the unsuccessful moment. 10. He is upset of his having to begin everything again. 11. Excuse my having entered without knocking. Exercise XIV (p. 326) 1. We knew that it was useless arguing with him. 2. It is not good thinking like this about your close friends. 3. Fishing in the Black Sea is not an easy thing. 4. He continued smiling. 5. He stopped to write something in his writing-pad and then continued going. 6. I like being read fairy tales. 7. He stopped smiling and looked at me attentively. 8. He couldn’t help thinking about his parents. 9. I am very tired of sitting at home. 10. Won’t you object to my writing your address? 11. Thanks for your ringing my mother up. 12. When the children returned from school I was busy preparing dinner. 13. It is worth going there now. 14. This book is worth reading. 15. After breakfast I announced about my intention of going for a walk. 16. Is there any hope of finding them at home now? Exercise XV (p. 326) 1. He greeted his friends and began telling about his studies at university. 2. She continued looking at the watch. 3. He is capable of learning the languages. 4. Thank you for your coming in time. 5. I remember having been told about this incident. 6. He thought before answering. 7. After having heard about Helen’s coming I decided to visit her. 8. After having had breakfast he returned to his room. 9. They insisted on my returning at two o’clock sharp. 10. Excuse my coming so late. 11. She continued writing a composition when somebody called. 12. He laughed again without waiting for an answer from her. 13. I hope you don’t object to my visiting you every Saturday. 14. I couldn’t help smiling when little John came in his father’s shoes. 15. He listened to the order without asking anything. 16. I was tired of having read a lot and decided to sit in the armchair in the garden. 97 Exercise XVI (p. 327) 1. He didn’t like my idea of going to the Caucasus alone. 2. We insisted on beginning their talks at once. 3. Don’t you object to his coming to you today? 4. I heard of his being sent to the south. 5. I am surprised at your having left a little boy alone at home. 6. There is no hope of getting a letter from him soon. 7. I had no time of thinking how to answer your question. 8. He objected against the ships leaving the port in such stormy weather. 9. He expressed dissatisfaction because of my going too slowly. 10. Don’t you object to my working at your table today in the evening? 11. I can’t imagine of your sitting in the reading room so long. 12. He insists on my keeping the windows open in spite of the weather. 13. I remember his having been to Moscow once. 14. Do you think it is reasonable of my staying here to work as an engineer? 15. I knew nothing of your having already made a report. Exercise XVII (p. 327) 1. I like the idea of spending summer in the south. 2. I can’t translate this text on chemistry without using a special dictionary. 3. He went away without leaving his address. 4. Besides being talented he works a lot. 5. I thanked her for having taken me a ticket for this concert. 6. I think of taking part in this business. 7. It’s useless trying to get tickets. All the tickets are sold out. 8. This film is worth seeing. 9. Do you mind my switching on a TV set? 10. He left without talking with us. 11. Will you be so kind waiting for us a little? 12. He can’t help ringing her up. 13. When we heard the end of the story we couldn’t help laughing. 14. His report is worth listening. 15. I heard of your friend’s having accepted our proposal. 16. Her being sent to the business trip is quite unexpected for us. The Participle Exercise V (p. 333) 1. Greeting her, he turned the key in the only door with a certain skill. 2. Having had tea she went early to Victoria Station. 3. She had a pale face and dark hair turning grey. 4. Picking up his coat, he walked on into the field. 5. Not for one moment did he show surprise at the wedding gift having presented to him personally. 6. Having dried his hands, Tom came across from the washstand. 7. He crossed the room to the long buffet. Standing beside the girl, he picked up a sandwich. 98 Then, turning and speaking nervously and with an effort, he said “I say, do you mind if I speak to you?” 8. Thinking about her child, with some comfort, she fell asleep. 9. Lifting the telephone, Peter asked for the director. 10. Having jumped down from the stairs, he went over to the driver. 11. Having reached the hotel, he went to the sitting-room, and rang for tea. 12. She poured out another cup of tea for herself, and tasting it, continued talking. Exercise VI (p. 333) 1. Having said so, he grasped the map firmly with both hands. 2. Walking to the edge of the verandah and leaning over, he looked intently at the blue magic of the night. 3. Moving away, she felt slightly embarrassed. 4. Getting a seat rather far back in the upper boxes, he saw quite well as his sight was very good. 5. The man bending over her is her director. 6. He nodded taking another chocolate cookie. 7. She stared back not knowing what to do. 8. Having listened to the unspoken speech behind the words, Stephen said nothing. 9. Bowing to the Chairman and pushing back his chair, he walked to the door, opened it and passed through. 10. Having taken a taxi, he got in and told the driver to drive to Oxford Street. 11. Having stopped, she noticed a tall thin man who was standing before the fire. 12. Peter seated himself in a leather chair facing the deck. Exercise VII (p. 334) 1. Arriving at the museum, he paid his entrance fee and entered. 2. Having been promised assistance, they felt more assured. 3. Having settled at the new place, we shall drop you a line. 4. Being shown in he was asked to wait a little. 5. The parks and gardens being laid out in the city will very soon form a green belt all around it. 6. Having started the construction of the dam early in spring, they completed it before cold weather set in. 7. Having lit a cigarette, he leaned against the porch rail and looked at the trees and the rain that was pouring down steadily and monotonously. 8. A new canal here which will supply the whole area with water for irrigation having been planned to dig out. 9. Going down the steps she suddenly stopped as she remembered that she had left the gas burning. 10. He stood at the counter and hesitated, without knowing what to choose. 11. Having finalized the programme, they proceeded to the discussion of the items that dealt with financial matters. 12. Having lived in France for a long time, he knows the language better than a foreigner usually does. 13. Having long been a resident of the city and knowing the family very well, he at once recognized the young man whom he remembered as a boy. 99 Exercise VIII (p. 334) 1. Dropping on his knees, he tried to get nearer to that troubled face. 2. Walking into the centre of the great drawing-room, he stood still. 3. Having taken the paper with him, he retired to his study. 4. Hesitating, Ann searched for the right words that were in her mind. 5. Having flushed darkly, she took up the picture quickly and turned its back to John. 6. Lifting the telephone, she answered “Yes?”. 7. I paused, not quite knowing how to express myself. 8. Thinking about these things, Stephen made himself ill. 9. Carrying a suitcase in either hand, he stepped out on the landing. 10. Looking up, he caught the amused look in Edward’s eyes and flushed darkly. 11. Turning away, he walked through the hospital. 12. The light from the shaded piano-candle fell on her neck leaving her face rather in shadow. 13. While in London at that time, Peter often visited the British Museum. 14. Having taken place in Paris early in the month, the conference was widely commented on in the press. Exercise IX (p. 334) 1. Being rejected by the editorial board, the story was returned to the author for revision. 2. Having been rejected by publishers several times, the story was accepted by a weekly magazine. 3. Having waited for some time in the reception room, he was asked into the office. 4. Waiting in the reception room, he thought over what he would say when he was asked into the office. 5. They reached the peak at dusk having left their camp with the first light. 6. They put up for the night at a temporary camp leaving it at dawn. 7. The friends went out into the city having left their suitcases at the left luggage department. 8. Writing and leaving a note with the porter, he said he would be back in half an hour. 9. Being written in the archaic language, the book was difficult to read. 10. Having written his first book, he could not go far beyond his own experience. 11. Having been away so long, he was happy to be coming back. 12. Being so far away, he still felt himself part of his community. 13. The children looked wonderingly at the elephant having never seen such a huge animal. 14. Not wanting to go deeper into the matter, he abruptly changed the conversation. Exercise X (p. 335) a) 1. We came up to the man who was standing on the corner of the street and asked him the way. 2. Go to the corner and ask the militiaman standing over there to show you the way. 3. The man standing at the schedule was our teacher last year. 4. Did you see in what direction the man who was standing here went? 5. A new 100 power plant supplying with electricity a number of industrial regions is to be built in two years. 6. The people waiting for the doctor have been sitting here for a long time. 7. The people who were waiting for you have just left. b) 1. Having told everything he knew, the witness left the room. 2. Having knocked twice and not having got an answer, he decided that there was nobody in. 3. Pushing the door, he felt that it was not locked, and opening it, he looked inside. 4. Quietly closing the door, he tiptoed into the room. 5. Each time telling about this incident, he could not help a smile. 6. Coming to the hotel, she found a telegram awaiting her. 7. Having come here only a few years before, he knew those parts as if he had always lived there. 8. I felt very tired having worked the whole day in the sun. 9. Picking up a receiver, he began to dial the number. c) 1. The conference being held at university now is devoted to the problems of nuclear physics. 2. Unable to attend the conference that had been held then at university, we asked to be sent the most interesting reports. 3. They are now at the conference being held at university. 4. The sight of the table being laid made my mouth water. 5. Suddenly I heard a sound of a key being turned in the lock. 6. Having put them into the water, the flowers opened their petals. 7. The flowers faded having been kept without water for a long time. Exercise XI (p. 336) 1. He looked at the boy sitting on the chair in the garden. 2. The boy who had been sitting in the garden went home. 3. “What happened?” asked father hearing some noise from the next room. 4. They came to the road leading to the forest. 5. They lived in the house formerly having belonged to her grandmother. 6. Jane looked at the faded plants growing near the wall. 7. Closing the door, he came up to the writing table. 8. They entered the room speaking loudly. 9. Taking off her old dress she put on a new one. 10. I met him again on board the ship returning home. 11. Coming to the mirror, he looked at his face. 12. He was lying quietly thinking about a forthcoming business trip to the Caucasus. 13. They came to the door and stood there speaking. 14. Looking at Tom, who had broken his toy, father shook his head. 15. Coming to the centre of the city, he stopped at the public telephone and rang his friend up. 16. Kissing the children, he went to his work. 17. He pointed to the woman standing at the metro. 18. The student copying the text of the task didn’t pay attention to the coming people. 19. The students who had copied the text of the task left the lecture-hall. 101 Exercise XII (p. 336) 1. Having finished their lessons, they went home. 2. Here is the letter informing about his arrival. 3. They were going along the path merrily singing songs. 4. Having left the house early, we didn’t hurry. 5. Looking out of the window, I saw a group of playing children. 6. Having come to the station, we learnt that the train had already gone. 7. Having heard that she was ill, we went to visit her. 8. Not finding him home, I left a note to him. 9. Having read two pages, he closed the book. 10. Seeing that the thunderstorm is approaching, the children ran home. 11. Having heard the knock, she went to open the door. 12. Not having got an answer to her letter, she wrote again. 13. Having missed the first train, we were forced to wait for about an hour at the station. 14. The students who had copied the text yesterday will work at it today. 15. A turner working at the lathe watched attentively the process of grinding. 16. Having slept for several hours after the trip, the tourists felt refreshed and strong. 17. Listening to music, he forgot about troubles. 18. Having finished his work, he usually went to the canteen. 19. Having got a letter, I immediately answered it. Exercise XIII (p. 337) 1. Leaving the house early, I decided to walk. 2. We were sitting on deck taking delight of the sea air. 3. Reading English books in the original, he usually uses a dictionary. 4. Reading Furmanov’s story “Chapaev”, I recollected the years of the civil war. 5. Reading this book, I will write out new words and expressions. 6. Having read your book, I’ll give it to your friend at once. 7. Seeing a bus, I decided not to wait for a tram. 8. Having heard a whistle, a dog pricked up his ears. 9. Performing a wonderful sonata, a young musician was very excited. 10. Having heard a telephone ring, I picked up a receiver. 11. Having read the book “The Hunter”, I decided to read other works by Aldridge. 12. We stopped near the turn of the road leading to the nearest village. Exercise XIV (p. 337) 1. The rising sun was covered by the clouds. 2. I picked up a letter lying on the floor. 3. Having come to the railway station, I called a porter. 4. Having learned the problem in details, he could answer all the questions. 5. Having lost the key, he couldn’t enter the room. 6. Turning to the left, we saw a new large building. 7. Having learned that he was still in Moscow, I rang him up. 8. Being very absentminded, he made some mistakes copying the text. 9. Not knowing the 102 way to the railway station, I decided to turn to the man standing on the corner. 10. Knowing him very well, I could recommend him as a very good worker. 11. During the report I noticed a young man sitting in the corner of the hall and listening to the speaker with great attention. 12. Having learned that the next train would go only at 11 o’clock in the evening, I decided to take the morning train. 13. Having learned the pronunciation of these words, we learned their meaning. 14. Not knowing anything about the danger, we continued our way. Exercise XVII (p. 338) 1. a) The monument erected on this square has been recently unveiled. b) The monument being erected on this square will be soon unveiled. 2. a) We could hear the noise of furniture being moved upstairs. b) For a moment they sat silent moved by the story. 3. a) I cannot forget the story being told by him. b) They listened breathlessly to the story told by the old man. 4. a) One can’t fail to notice the progress made by our group during the last term. b) These are only a few of the attempts now being made to improve the methods of teaching adult students. 5. a) We live at a time of outer space being conquered by man. b) “I wish I could live to see outer space conquered by man,” said the old professor. Exercise XVIII (p. 338) 1. The number of apartment houses being built for the population of Moscow is rapidly growing. 2. What is the number of apartment houses built in the past few years? 3. The houses that had been built many years ago are not as convenient as the modern ones. 4. The workers who built this house used new construction methods. 5. At the conference they discussed new methods which are being used in construction. 6. The new methods used in the construction of houses proved more effective. 7. They decided to abandon some of the methods which had been used formerly in construction. 8. The bricklayer who had used a new method in construction made a report at the conference. 9. Here are some samples of the products of this plant being sent to different parts of the country. 10. These are the samples of products sent last month. 11. Here are the samples of products of the plant which sent us machinery. 12. These are the samples of products which had been sent before the restoration of the plant. Exercise XIX (p. 339) 1. A letter received yesterday excited everybody. 2. The house built at the top of the hill was seen from far away. 3. A deer chased by some 103 dogs hid in the thicket. 4. A catalogue of pictures of this painter kept in national museums came out recently. 5. Though the book was devoted to a narrow topic, it was interesting not only for specialists. 6. As the article was written in a difficult language, it was not easy to translate it. 7. When the rule was explained once more it seemed to be quite easy. 8. A letter addressed to the editor was left without any answer. 9. They recollected about the days spent in England during Shakespeare’s festival. 10. A child being left alone in the darkness began to cry. 11. The doctor tried all the recommended methods. 12. The play performed by a young producer is a great success. 13. When she was asked, she gave her address. Exercise XX (p. 339) 1. A collection of manuscripts that had been gathered for many decades at this university is one of the richest in the world. 2. Next day we went to the address which was given to us by the doctor. 3. Some problems which are touched in the report earn serious attention. 4. When I came to the writing table I found a sealed up envelope on it. 5. A discussed problem interests all of us. 6. Wakened by the noise in the street he couldn’t fall asleep for a long time. 7. The experiments made by the scientists were very important for space exploration. 8. The scientist who had made this discovery is rewarded by the Nobel Prize. 9. The article published in yesterday’s issue of the newspaper Izvestia pays special attention to the economic life of the country. 10. The conference devoted to the problems of economic development adopted a resolution. 11. This letter has just been signed by the director. Exercise XXI (p. 339) 1. I was offered a ticket for the concert but I refused. 2. The letter can’t be sent today as it is not signed by the director. 3. They did everything as it was ordered. 4. The playwright who wrote this play is quite young. 5. He was escaping in the car chased by the police. 6. A statement made by the participants of the conference worried everybody. 7. A teacher was standing surrounded by the crowd of schoolchildren. 8. All books taken from the library must be returned next week. 9. The children played in the destroyed cottage. 10. The fallen leaves lay quietly in the pond. 11. When he was asked to help me he rang me up at once. 12. If he is given a dictionary he will translate this article. 13. You can find such articles in the magazine published monthly by our research institute. 104 Revision Exercises on the Non-Finite Forms of the Verb Exercise III (p. 341) 1. I regret to have missed the show. 2. I regret having said I am not coming. 3. He is quite able to take care of himself. 4. He is capable of doing things you would least expect of him. 5. He would not stop asking questions until he thought it was clear about everything. 6. We called after him, but he did not even stop turning his head. 7. I don’t like your way of talking. 8. This is not the way of being talked. 9. It was very useful to hear the different opinions. 10. It’s no use of arguing when the matter is settled. 11. You can hardly count on finding everything as you would like it to be. 12. He felt they were hiding something from him, and he demanded to be told the truth. 13. I’ll give you a chance to try your hand at it. 14. Will we have a chance of ever seeing you here again? 15. His time was up, but he still went on talking. 16. After saying a few words about the author himself, the lecturer went on speaking of his works. 17. I need spectacles for reading. 18. The print is too small; I need a magnifying glass to read it with. Exercise IV (p. 341) 1. He went over to the window standing there and listening to the hum of voices which was coming from the outside. 2. Having deafened by the noise he did not at once notice when it stopped. 3. I couldn’t ring him up not knowing his telephone number. 4. Having put it to vote, the resolution was carried unanimously. 5. “These are pretty,” she exclaimed picking up a bouquet of violets and pinning them on. 6. She lay awake all night thinking of what had happened. 7. The light streaming from the half open door dazzled him. 8. We went to see our friends having just returned from a far voyage. 9. The lorry drove closer to the ship being unloaded. 10. From the kitchen came a pleasant smell, some appetizing food being cooked there. 11. He had a massive gold watch having belonged to his father. 12. The sidewalks were crowded with people having come to watch the actors. Exercise V (p. 342) 1. working; 2. sitting; 3. being locked, refusing; 4. perching; 5. being shaken; 6. plunging; 7. having plunged; 8. arriving; 9. having arrived; 10. being supported; 11. supporting; 12. having come; 13. leaving; 14. having turned; 15. travelling. 105 Exercise VI (p. 342) 1. having switched on; 2. to switch on; 3. to spill; 4. spilling; 5. informing; 6. to inform; 7. to be expected; 8. to have been expected; 9. to connect; 10. waiting; 11. to see; 12. having remembered; 13. protecting; 14. moved. Exercise VII (p. 342) 1. The company left the café gaily chattering. 2. The promised telegram never arrived. 3. The surrounded enemy showed no resistance. 4. The sleeping child was lying on his back. 5. She turned her smiling face to him. 6. I looked at him with a perplexed frown. 7. The only person cleaning inside the building was charwoman. 8. Soon they moved into the thicket reaching the boundary. 9. The boy immediately fell asleep slipping into bed. 10. The girl stared at the branches slowly moving in the darkness. 11. The leaving bus will arrive at noon to catch you in time. 12. We sent a cable receiving no answer. 13. The water came flooding the valley. Exercise IX (p. 343) 1. not; 2. without; 3. not; 4. not; 5. not, without; 6. not; 7. without; 8. not; 9. without; 10. not; 11. without; 12. without. Exercise X (p. 343) 1. Having torn the envelope open, he took out the enclosed letter. Having turned it several times in his hand, he put it back unread. 2. Coming to the party, we found everybody gathered. 3. He insisted on my speaking in public. 4. Having examined every little exhibit in the museum, he now had a complete idea of the poet’s life. 5. Having remembered this once and for all, you won’t make me remind you of it. 6. He couldn’t help bursting into laughter when he saw me in this dress. 7. Not wishing to meet anybody, they went round the house and entered it from the back lest they should be observed. 8. Not having heard my question, he did not answer; he kept on reading. 9. Having planted more trees in the garden, they made it shady. 10. Not suspecting a trap, he readily accepted the offer. 11. Examining the post mark, I noted that the communication had been sent last Thursday. 12. Without taking regular treatment you will not recover soon. Exercise XI (p. 344) 1. He raised up his head a) with a surprised look; b) to see who had entered; c) and saw somebody watching him. 2. We have many people 106 to help us; b) who can help us. 3. He settled at the new place and didn’t leave it; b) Having settled at the new place, he never left it. 4. The scientists brought back from the expedition some pictures of deep water fishes not seen before. 5. That is one of the greatest discoveries ever made by a man. 6. The first batch of the goods a) being sent to the fair has arrived; b) having been sent to the fair is on the way to the port of delivery; c) to be sent to the fair is ready for transportation. 7. a) I shiver only thinking about it; b) I shivered having thought about it. 8. a) He must be a great authority on the subject having written such a book; b) He was a great authority on the subject having worked in the field for so many years. 9. a) How many rooms are reserved for the delegates arriving for the conference? b) There are some more delegates who are to arrive for the conference; c) These rooms are occupied by the delegates who had arrived for the conference. Exercise XII (p. 344) I 1. a man receiving letters; 2. a letter received yesterday; 3. receiving letters; 4. having received a letter; II 1. the students listening to the report; 2. having listened to the latest news; 3. listening to the radio; III 1. a girl reading a book; a read book; 3. reading a book; 4. having read a book; IV 1. a student showing his project; 2. a project shown to us; 3. showing his project; 4. having shown his project; V 1. having all the necessary documents; 2. when we were asked; 3. having done a translation; 4. doing a translation. Exercise XIII (p. 345) 1. a) Haven’t you forgotten to post a letter that I had given to you? b) Putting his hand into the pocket, he found there a letter which he forgot to post. c) Hardly had I read the first lines when I recollected that I had read these words somewhere. d) I quite forgot that I had lent my dictionary to somebody and I have been looking for it on the shelves for a long time. 2. a) The case proved to be serious and the doctor suggested calling the conference of specialist doctors. b) Seeing our difficulties, he offered to come to our help. 3. a) Has he kept his promise to take part in the competition? b) He promises soon to become one of the best chess players of our club. 4. a) In the second chapter the author continues describing the economic situation of the country. b) In the second chapter after the short analysis of the economy of the country the author describes the modern political situation. 107 5. a) His art couldn’t but arouse admiration. b) Everybody who saw his pictures couldn’t help admiring his art. 6. a) The guide proposed to begin an excursion with the sightseeing tour of the exhibition. b) It is known that they were going to start in the second half of the day. 7. a) We supposed to begin the inspection of the plant from this shop. b) I couldn’t even think about leaving him alone in this state of health. Exercise XIV (p. 345) 1. A discussed problem has a great meaning. 2. He looked through the mail brought for several last days. 3. Having lived abroad for a long time, he was glad to return to the Motherland. 4. Having finished the experiments, they discussed the results. 5. She remembered that once she had spent summer in the south together with us. 6. Before copying the text, you should have read it attentively. 7. He said it in such a tone that I couldn’t help laughing. 8. Excuse my interrupting you, but I need your help. 9. Coming to that conclusion, the doctor decided to tell nothing to a patient. 10. They did everything as it had been ordered. 11. The letter addressed to the doctor was left without any answer. 12. Nobody insists on your staying here till evening. 13. Avoid using an indefinite article before the noun “weather”. 14. She is busy planting flowers in the garden; I hope she won’t have anything against our helping her. 15. I don’t remember having seen you before. 16. On learning about the expedition I decided to take part in it. The Objective Participial Construction (The Complex Object) Exercise II (p. 347) 1. When I entered the room, I found him playing the piano. 2. He ordered the pictures to be removed from that hall. 3. I know even educated people to make this mistake. 4. When he looked out of the train window, he saw a little siding quickly approaching. 5. I expect him to be late. 6. She felt somebody take hold of her hand. 7. He intended you to be invited. 8. Turning back he saw his daughter following him slowly. 9. He believed these students to be fit for the job. 10. The parents watched their children swimming, diving and playing in the water. Exercise III (p. 347) 1. The train started, and when Mike looked he saw the little station slipping away. 2. I saw the plate slip from her hands and fall to the 108 floor. 3. They stood on the platform waving their hands and watched the train disappearing in the distance. 4. They watched the train disappear and turned to leave the platform. 5. They could hear the child breathing quietly asleep. 6. He felt somebody touch his shoulder 7. I have never seen you look so well. 8. I noticed him giving me a look of sharpened interest. 9. I came home from school and found them having tea together. 10. She saw him stop and take something out of his breast pocket. 11. He watched the people laughing, talking and moving in front of him. 12. I saw you sitting with your head in your hands and that’s why I spoke. 13. From far away they suddenly heard a dog barking. 14. Through the open door I could smell the coffee boiling. 15. I watched him reading his letters, saw him frowning on one, smiling at another. Exercise IV (p. 348) 1. Going out into the garden, I found her walking. 2. The woman stood at the door and watched the children playing. 3. I have never heard them speaking English. 4. Have you ever seen him playing football? 5. His parents won’t have him wasting time. 6. I shall have the papers signed. 7. I advise you to get the tickets booked. 8. As soon as I was outside the door, I heard her talking to herself. 9. “I’ll have the clothes dried at once,” she said. 10. Turning into the Green Street she heard her name called. 11. I must have my hair cut once a month. 12. Why don’t you have your TV repaired? Exercise V (p. 348) 1. I had my car washed yesterday. 2. I had the gate painted last week. 3. She had the piano tuned yesterday. 4. I had my shoes mended. 5. Someone had it translated into English. 6. We must get our season tickets renewed. 7. We had the ceiling whitewashed. 8. We must get the knives sharpened. 9. We must get all this wood chopped up. 10. He had his coat lengthened. 11. He had his room tidied. 12. I had the whole report rewritten. 13. We must have our house painted. Exercise VI (p. 348) 1. The girl smiled; I saw her snow-white teeth flash. 2. When we went out early in the morning, we saw grass, bushes and trees covered with dew glitter in the rays of the rising sun. 3. When he came to the sea he saw the two fishermen standing on the shore and folding the fishing nets. 4. The parents watched their children swimming, diving and playing in the water. 5. I see that you understand me and are not angry with me. 6. I hope I haven’t kept you waiting for a long time? 7. The 109 door of the room was open and I saw the two young women lively talking about something at tea. 8. I heard that they had moved to another town. 9. Coming into the room I saw father talking with a man whom I had never seen before. 10. He heard her sighing when the name of her son was mentioned. 11. He heard her saying something while sleeping. 12. Have you ever heard him performing this thing? 13. I heard that he performed this thing very well. 14. Seeing my native city I felt my heart quiver with joy. 15. I felt the strength returning to me. Exercise VII (p. 349) 1. I wish this work to be finished soon. 2. You can have your shoes mended here. 3. We watched the children jumping and running on the stadium. 4. I will have my photo taken tomorrow by all means. 5. We found the guide waiting for us at the entrance of the park. 6. Many people heard his name mentioned several times. 7. You will have your piano tuned only in two weeks. 8. We heard the students discussing the new film. 9. David came into the garden and saw his aunt walking along the path. 10. I saw you coming into the café. 11. We saw the car turning behind the corner. 12. In the evenings we usually heard him playing the violin. 13. I consider him admitted to take the examinations. 14. All the members of the brigade wanted the work done well. 15. I must have my flat repaired in spring. 16. I have my dresses made in this workshop. 17. When will I have my luggage brought to me here? 18. I have my hair cut twice a month. 19. He must have a good suit made. 20. My parents won’t have me going to the datcha alone. 21. It was clear that he wanted to have his portrait painted very much. The Subjective Participial Construction (The Complex Subject) Exercise II (p. 350) 1. The boy was heard shouting to the fishermen. 2. The cat was caught stealing meat. 3. The man was seen climbing the ladder. 4. The cyclists were watched racing. 5. The driver was found repairing his car. 6. We were left waiting for the bus. 7. The players were seen scoring a goal on TV. 8. Mary was heard singing in the garden. Exercise IV (p. 350) 1. He was seen going along Red Square. 2. The taxi was seen waiting somebody at the entrance. 3. They were seen going upstairs. 4. The 110 boys from our school were seen playing tennis. 5. These elder people live downstairs, and sometimes they are heard speaking about something. 6. Jane was heard opening the door. 7. Tom was seen standing near the writing table and looking through a magazine. 8. She was heard singing in the next room. 9. You were seen bying books. 10. They were heard arguing. 11. He was heard speaking with the maid. 12. The workers were seen loading large cases with electrical equipment on the platforms. 13. The students were heard discussing a new film. 14. Mother was heard singing a popular song. 15. He was seen walking along this street several times. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction Exercise III (p. 352) 1. There being nothing to do, we went home. 2. Circumstances permitting, I will answer all the letters tomorrow. 3. The family being poor, he could not afford to buy such expensive books. 4. The signal being given, the cars started to move. 5. The lecture being over, the students went to the laboratories. 6. The professor having been asked to lecture in another city, the students did some practical work. 7. It being late, we must make haste. 8. There being no bread for dinner, I had to go to the baker’s. 9. There being no mistakes in the test paper, the student got a good mark. 10. It being difficult to answer the question, I had to think for a moment. 11. It being dangerous to cross the stormy river in a boat, we had to wait for a steamer. 12. It being necessary to send the telegram at once, I’ll go to the post office immediately. 13. There being much work to do, I’ll stay at home tonight. 14. It being Sunday, the shops were closed. Exercise IV (p. 353) 1. The front door being open, she could see straight through the house. 2. The question being rather difficult to answer at once, I asked for permission to think it over. 3. The greetings being over, he seated himself in a chair. 4. We set off, the rain still coming down heavily. 5. He stood leaning against the wall, with his arms being folded. 6. There being in fact nothing to wait for, we got down to work. 7. There being very little time left, we had to hurry. 8. The new engines being safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 9. Now that two of my books being lost, I am not going to let anyone take books from my library. 10. Dinner being served on the terrace, as it was very close 111 in the room. 11. A private sitting-room having been engaged, bedrooms inspected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view the city. Exercise V (p. 353) 1. The sun having set, we could not continue our way. 2. The room being dark, we couldn’t see anything. 3. There being nobody at home, I had dinner alone. 4. The room at the hotel having been booked beforehand, we had no reason to worry. 5. The typist having fallen ill, I couldn’t get my paper typed in time. 6. It being late, the children were sent to bed. 7. The telephone being out of order, I had to get out. 8. The TV set being repaired, we can watch TV programmes every day. 9. The new engines being safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 10. The situation being urgent, we had to go ahead. 11. Our efforts to start the car having failed, we spent the night at a nearby village. Exercise VIII (p. 354) 1. The sea being rough, they decided not to leave the harbour. 2. Their house being quite near, I often went to visit them. 3. Everything being over, we started. 4. The article being very difficult, I couldn’t translate it without your help. 5. Dinner being ready, we sat at table. 6. We sat at the balcony, with the moon slowly rising over the mountains at that time. 7. The window being open, the wind threw all my papers about the floor. 8. The weather being fine, we decided to spend Sunday in the village. 9. Half an hour being left before the departure of the train, we decided to have supper at the railway station. 10. Weather being favourable, sportsmen will be able to show high results. 11. Conditions permitting, I’ll come to you for summer. 12. The sun having risen, it began quickly to brighten. Exercise IX (p. 354) 1. My brother having lost the key, I couldn’t open the door. 2. It being stuffy in the room, the guests went to the garden. 3. Time permitting, I’ll read this novel in summer. 4. He drove slowly to his village, a crowd of boys and girls running after him. 5. The train having left, we all returned home. 6. Soon he already lay in bed, with his hand being thoroughly bandaged. 7. My younger sister being very tired, we decided to put off our hike till tomorrow. 8. It being very wet, we found with difficulty a dry place where we could put up a tent. 9. The student knowing English well, the examination did not last long. 10. The professor being ill, the lecture was put off. 11. The sun having risen, they continued their way. 12. There being a severe storm at the sea, the steamer could not leave the port. 112 Exercise X (p. 355) 1. The day being sunny, a pair of glass doors leading to the garden were thrown open. 2. He fell asleep, the window leaving open. 3. It being cold, the summer residents began to leave their country houses. 4. The guests having left, the house became solitary again. 5. He rushed into the room, with his cap having in his hands. 6. There being no sense to explain everything to him, I made up my mind to act on my own. 7. He sat lost in thought, with untouched dinner standing before him. 8. There not having the moon, it was pitch dark in the forest. 9. There being no objections, the plan was adopted. 10. Long she sat half-dressed, with drenching hands and hanging head. 11. Blank silence followed, nobody pronouncing a word. 12. Many workers in town having suffered from tuberculosis of lungs, he decided to do research work to find causes of the disease. Exercise XI (p. 355) 1. The letter having been written, she agreed to bring it to the post office. 2. There being half an hour before the departure of the train, we decided to spend this time at the railway station. 3. The sun having set, it began quickly to get dark. 4. The signal having been given, and the skaters rushed forward. 5. The weather being favourable, the sportsmen will be able to win this competition. 6. This problem being interpreted in two volumes, so I will have to look through both. 7. The work having been fulfilled, we went home. 8. Conditions permitting, I’ll come to you today in the evening after work. 9. It being dark in the street, the children went home. 10. The actor being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets to his concert. 11. Circumstances permitting, we shall start tomorrow. The Prepositional Absolute Construction (without a Participle) Exercise III (p. 357) 1. He entered the room, a suitcase in hand. 2. Father, a pipe in mouth, stood up from the writing table and came up to the bookcase. 3. He was lying quietly on the sofa, with a book in hand. 4. She continued listening to her friends, with her eyes wide open from surprise. 5. The weather improving, we will be able to go to the country tomorrow. 6. The passengers were sitting on deck, the books in hands. 7. He spoke to the guests, his back against the fireplace. 8. The lesson being over, we left the lecture-room. 9. The 113 girl was sitting motionlessly in the armchair, her eyes closed. 10. He entered the room without greeting in coat and cap. 11. He turned to us, his eyes burning, his lips pressed. 12. Little Ann stopped playing the piano and stood at the window, her back against everybody. The Preposition Exercise I (p. 366) 1. at; 2. on; 3. in; 4. on, at; 5. at; 6. in, on; 7. on, to; 8. on; 9. in; 10. to; 11. in; 12. on; 13. in; 14. on; 15 at. Exercise II (p. 366) 1. at; 2. at; 3. at, at; 4. at; 5. –; 6. at; 7. in; 8. at; 9. on; 10. in; 11. at; 12. at, at, in; 13. in, on; 14. in, in. Exercise III (p. 366) 1. in; 2. at; 3. –; 4. at; 5. at; 6. in; 7. in; 8. at; 9. at; 10. –; 11. in; 12. at; 13. at; 14. at; 15. at, at. Exercise VI (p. 367) 1. from; 2. since; 3. since; 4. from; 5. since; 6. since; 7. from; 8. since; 9. since. Exercise VII (p. 367) 1. by; 2. by; 3. with; 4. by; 5. with; 6. by; 7. with; 8. by; 9. with; 10. by; 11. with; 12. by. Exercise VIII (p. 368) 1. across; 2. through; 3. across; 4. through; 5. across; 6. through; 7. over; 8. through; 9. across; 10. over; 11. over; 12. across; 13. across; 14. over; 15. over; 16. through. Exercise IX (p. 368) 1. out of; 2. beside; 3. beneath; 4. below; 5. onto; 6. towards; 7. over; 8. across, towards; 9. above; 10. behind. Exercise X (p. 368) 1. to, by; 2. –; 3. into; 4. to; 5. by; 6. to, –; 7. to; 8. by, on; 9. –; 10. to; 11. by; 12. to; 13. to, by. 114 Exercise XI (p. 369) 1. It is on the bottle. 2. She is sitting in the armchair. 3. He is standing at the gate. 4. It is on the wall. 5. She is standing at the top of the stairs. 6. It is at the bottom of the stairs. 7. It is on the second floor. 8. It is in the back of the car. 9. He is sitting in the back row. 10. It is on the door. 11. She is standing on the corner of the street. 12. He is standing in the corner of the room. Exercise XII (p. 369) Last year my family went for holiday to the USA. We went there by air, it was a long journey but we were very well looked after on the plane by all the air hostesses. When we arrived at the airport we went directly to our hotel in a taxi. There was a lot of traffic in the streets of the city and there were many people walking on the pavements. We stayed at a large hotel in the outskirts of Washington. We were given a wonderful suite on the top floor of the hotel. The most enjoyable day I had was when we went on an excursion. We had a wonderful holiday. Exercise XIII (p. 369) 1. Put the book into my drawer. 2. Take the book from the shelf. 3. Let’s go to the Picture Gallery. 4. He wandered about our house. 5. We left Moscow at 10 o’clock. 6. When I am at home I work in the garden in the morning. 7. I rise at dawn and go to bed at 10 o’clock. 8. Peter was born in a little town in 1975, on the 2nd of May. 9. I took the knife from the baby. 10. In July I will go to the country and will stay there in September. 11. She was at work from 3.30. 12. When I went out last Saturday I told my father I’d be back at 11 o’clock. 13. I was having such a good time that I didn’t look at my watch since 12 o’clock. 14. I found a taxi and I arrived home at 12.30. 15. My father was furious and told me I’d have to be at home at 7 o’clock every night of the week. Exercise XIV (p. 369) 1. Pete began his musical education at the age of five. 2. I lived in Paris for five years, from 1975 till 1980. 3. We never see our cat. During the day it sleeps, and it goes out at night. 4. I don’t usually go out in the evening, except Monday evening, when I play tennis. 5. Generations of my family have lived in this house since 1900. 6. How long are you in England for? For six months. 7. How much longer are you staying? Till the end of the month. 115 8. I’m just going out to the shops. If anyone rings, tell them I’ll be back in a few minutes. 9. Are you going away at Easter? 10. I met my friend in London at the time I was working at school. Exercise XVI (p. 370) 1. Tom has gone away. He will be away until Monday. Sorry, but I must go. I have to be at home by 5 o’clock. 2. I’ve been offered a job. I haven’t decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide by Thursday. 3. I think I’ll wait until Thursday before making a decision. 4. A: I hear you’re writing a book. Have you finished it yet? B: Not quite, but I hope to finish it by the end of this month. 5. A: I’m going out now. I’ll be back at 4.30. Will you still be here? B: I don’t think so. I’ll probably have gone by then. 6. I’m moving into my new flat next week. I’m staying with some friends until then. 7. A: Do you think I’ll still be unemployed this time next year? B: No, of course not. I’m sure you’ll have found a job by that time. Exercise XVII (p. 370) 1. Tom and I have known each other for six months. 2. It’s been raining since I got up this morning. 3. Tom’s father has been a policeman for 20 years. 4. Have you been studying English for a long time? 5. Since Christmas, the weather has been quite mild. 6. Janet has been on vacation for three days. 7. That’s a very old car. I’ve had it for ages. Exercise XVIII (p. 371) 1. I’ve been living in the house for six years. 2. We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday. 3. I fell asleep during the film. 4. Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for ages. 5. I’ll phone you some time during the afternoon. 6. We saw Ann while we were waiting for the bus. 7. Tom read a book while I watched television. 8. I’m going to London next week. I hope to see Tom while I’m there. 9. He suddenly began to feel ill during the examination. 10. What are you going to do while you are waiting? Exercise XIX (p. 371) 1. The book is on the table. 2. The story is written on five pages. 3. My brother is at work now. 4. We met in the street. 5. He will come by train. 6. I couldn’t answer this question. 7. The boy climbed up a high tree. 8. Why are you looking at me with such a surprise? 116 9. Translate this sentence into English, please. 10. He divided an apple into three parts. 11. Open the book at page 20. 12. You will find this story on page 38. Exercise XX (p. 371) a) at the table, under the table, over the table, among the tables, into the table, out of the table, off the table, in the bookcase, on the floor, at the door, behind the house, in the corner of the room, by the window. b) from morning till evening, during my holidays, at this time, for many years, from 5 till 7, in 10 minutes, in winter and in summer, on the first and second of May, after the classes, by the end of the week, this week, last year, in 2010, at night, before dinner, next month. c) 1. Take clean paper out of the bookcase and put it into my bag. 2. Go to that room and take some thick books from the shelf. 3. Take the newspapers from the table and put them on the shelf under the books. 4. Put the magazines into the drawer. 5. Take your exercise books out of the bag. 6. Take my notes from Petrov. 7. Put the flowers on the table. 8. Hang the picture between the windows. 9. The picture hangs over the table. 10. The teacher’s table is in front of the class; behind the table there is a blackboard. 11. I sit at the table opposite the teacher. 12. Please step aside from the blackboard. 13. Don’t come into the room. 14. Don’t stand at the door. Come in. Exercise XXI (p. 372) 1. The wind blew his cap over board. 2. We decided to spend this Sunday in the country. 3. The driver had to find another bridge fifty kilometers from this bridge. 4. My brother fulfilled my homework for me. 5. We have done a lot for this week. 6. He told me this story at dinner. 7. She heard somebody’s steps behind the door. 8. I will come to you an hour before the departure. 9. Don’t be anxious for me, please. 10. All the boys ran after Tom. 11. Send for the doctor immediately. 12. How much have you paid for this hat? Exercise XXII (p. 372) 1. They went about the forest for a long time. 2. The news spread all over the city. 3. Go along this road. 4. We sailed by ship down the Volga. 5. He was walking about the room. 6. It is nine o’clock by my watch. 7. They sailed across the river one after the other. 8. I prefer travelling by sea. 9. People dreamt to fly by air for a long time. 10. Go along the corridor and at the end of the corridor you will see your 117 classroom. 11. He walked about the town and looked at fine buildings and monuments. 12. They looked at the ships sailing across the sea. 13. Last year we travelled about the Caucasus. 14. They went across the field about the high grass. 15. She stayed on desk to look at the ships sailing down the river. Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns, Participles with Prepositions Exercise I (p. 377) 1. to, to; 2. to; 3. to; 4. with; 5. at; 6. with; 7. at; 8. of; 9. in; 10. to; 11. of; 12. with; 13. on; 14. of; 15. to, about. Exercise II (p. 378) 1. of; 2. of; 3. to; 4. on; 5. at; 6. on; 7. for; 8. for; 9. of; 10. for; 11. at; 12. from; 13. to; 14. to; 15. for. Exercise III (p. 378) 1. from; 2. into; 3. to; 4. for; 5. for; 6. to; 7. into; 8. on; 9. about; 10. with; 11. to; 12. by, to; 13. to; 14. from, into; 15. for. Exercise IV (p. 378) 1. at; 2. to; 3. between; 4. of; 5. at; 6. at; 7. with; 8. on; 9. on; 10. about; 11. to; 12. in; 13. to, to; 14. with; 15. in; 16. to. Exercise V (p. 379) 1. The children were at the zoo. 2. He left Moscow for St Petersburg. 3. They looked through the window. 4. She entered the house. 5. We were surprised at his victory in the olympiad. 6. The scientists were not pleased with the results of the experiments. 7. He will come in August. 8. He put his hand into the pocket. 9. They went to the village. 10. Come at 6 o’clock. 11. The house stands across the road. 12. Wait here till I return. 13. I’ll stay here till the end of the week. 14. I get up at dawn and go to bed at 11 o’clock. 15. The first word of every sentence must begin with the capital letter. 16. Peter was born in a small town in 1974 on the second of May. 17. Ann returned from school at 5 o’clock. 18. In July I will go to the country and stay there till September. 19. They spent the evening sitting at the fireplace. 20. He has been waiting for us for two hours. 21. I’ll be very busy till the end of the week. 22. It was about midnight when he returned home. 118 The Conjunction Exercise I (p. 380) 1. but; 2. and; 3. yet 1. how; 2. that; 1. nor; 2. or; 3. nor; 4. or 1. though; 2. but; 3. though 1. while; 2. when; 3. when Exercise II (p. 381) 1. unless; 2. because; 3. both; 4. because; 5. so … as; 6. as … as; 7. as; 8. as if; 9. both … and; 10. so … as; 11. unless; 12. as if; 13. because; 14. therefore. Exercise III (p. 381) 1. a) and; b) but; 2. and, or; 3. nor, and; 4. a) either … or; b) neither … nor; 5. a) both … and; b) either … or; 6. a) so; b) and; c) for. Exercise IV (p. 382) 1. I did not read the book to the end as it was not very interesting. 2. We left early because we wanted to reach the village before sunset. 3. You are not in earnest therefore you speak in such a careless and indifferent manner. 4. The expedition may be dangerous nevertheless I will take part in it. 5. The road was very muddy therefore the car would not move. 6. I stayed on so that she might not feel lonely. 7. He did exactly that he was told. 8. You regard this matter as important as we will consider it. 9. They ran fast because their legs could carry them. 10. I don’t advise you to go to the river because it is too cold to bathe. 11. The house stood where the roads met. 12. The bell rings so you may play games. 13. I recognize the spot as soon as I saw it. 14. Although Peter hesitated I stood up to speak. 15. The travellers were told that a storm was expected. 16. It is unfortunate that the train arrives at night. 17. The question is whether we can afford so much time. Exercise V (p. 382) 1. because; 2. whether; 3. while; 4. and; 5. though; 6. if; 7. because; 8. but. Exercise VI (p. 382) 1. since; 2. as soon as; 3. after; 4. when; 5. while; 6. when; 7. after; 8. after; 9. Hardly … when; 10. till; 11. when; 12. scarcely … when. 119 Exercise VII (p. 383) 1. I had not studied my lessons for two weeks therefore I would not answer the questions in the text. 2. The train was half an hour late, for this reason I missed the first three numbers on the programme. 3. I tried to help him because I felt sorry for him. 4. Mark turned to the right when he reached the corner therefore he missed his father, who came up the street. 5. I could not give a report for I did not have the book. 6. Milly’s little sister is ill, for this reason Milly has not been at school this week. 7. I made my machine lighter than his therefore it was easier to manage. 8. I telephoned the message to Peter, thus no time was lost in getting started. 9. You can carry soup or coffee in a thermos bottle, in this way you can always have something hot for lunch. The Sentence Exercise I (p. 391) 1. Have a look at the map of England. 2. England’s white cliffs may be seen from the mainland. 3. Is the sea far from London? 4. The mountains in Wales are quite close to the sea, aren’t they? 5. How beautiful is the sea in calm weather! 6. Don’t lose this picture postcard of an ancient castle. 7. What a picturesque landscape this is! 8. What tribes invaded Britain in the 5th – 6th centuries? 9. Did the battle of Hastings win the Anglo-Saxons or the Normans? 10. Celt survives in the languages of some parts of Scotland and Ireland. Exercise II (p. 391) 1. What a beautiful evening it is! 2. What are you reading? 3. You went shopping this morning. 4. It is a lovely night. 5. Take my umbrella. 6. Did you hear such a thing? 7. Cannot you understand me? 8. What a book you are reading! 9. What park was it? 10. It was a terrible accident. 11. What a lovely day it was! 12. Come soon. 13. Is he fond of swimming? 14. What a difficult task it is! 15. It was a clear, cold winter day. 16. Have you received my letter? 17. How absent-minded you are! 18. Give me your dictionary. 120 Exercise III (p. 392) 1. Will we invite Mike to dinner tonight? 2. Do you want a cake? 3. How far is it from your house to the station? 4. Do you like to come sailing at the weekend? 5. Did you have a good time last night? 6. Do you like to come to the museum? 7. Will you help me with my bags, please? 8. Will we have a party for your birthday? 9. Who did you see at the shop yesterday? 10. What time will your plane leave? 11. Can I have a look at your newspaper? 12. Do you like some coffee? Exercise VI (p. 393) 1. What didn’t amuse us very much? 2. What was the grandmother doing as usual? 3. What cannot Margaret keep? 4. How did we go out into the dark street? 5. What did Maria stand in the doorway with? 6. What was there in the paper? 7. What was the captain doing? 8. What should you try to do as much as you can? 9. What affair was the dinner? 10. Where did the air hostess open the door? 11. What would anyone think about me? 12. What was I puzzled by? Exercise X (p. 394) 1. B: Well, I hope so 2. B: I think so 3. B: I’m afraid not 4. B: I guess so 5. B: I imagine so 6. B: I suppose so 7. B: I believe not 8. B: He seems not 9. B: It appears so 10. B: We expect so Exercise XI (p. 395) 1. Tom lives in London. So does Ann, but Nick and Kate don’t. 2. Nick doesn’t play the piano. Neither does Ann, but Tom and Kate do. 3. Tom can’t speak French. Neither can Kate, but Nick and Ann can. 4. Ann can’t drive a car. Neither can Tom, but Nick and Kate can. 5. Nick speaks French. So does Ann, but Tom and Kate don’t. 6. Kate doesn’t live in London. Neither does Nick, but Tom and Ann do. 121 7. Nick drives a car. So does Kate, but Tom and Ann don’t. 8. Kate doesn’t travel abroad. Neither does Nick, but Tom and Ann do. 9. Tom doesn’t keep a pet. Neither does Kate, but Nick and Ann do. Exercise XII (p. 395) 1. a) Do you know this man? b) Don’t you know this man? c) You don’t know this man, do you? 2. You don’t recognize me, do you? No, I recognize you. 3. Hasn’t he passed the exams? No, he hasn’t. 4. a) What a wonderful day! b) What lovely weather! 5. How quickly you walk. 6. Now then tell me all the truth. 7. I am right, aren’t I? 8. I am not guilty, aren’t I? 9. I am much older than you are, aren’t I? 10. Everyone knows it, don’t they? 11. Everybody knows about it, don’t they? 12. Few students were present at the meeting, weren’t they? 13. Few students solved the problem in a right way, didn’t they? 14. Some students solved the problem in a right way, didn’t they? 15. She hardly remembers about it, doesn’t she? 16. You have come to book a ticket, haven’t you? 17. Everybody would act exactly the same, wouldn’t they? Exercise XIII (p. 396) A 1. Is the game of badminton interesting? 2. How many people can take part in this game simultaneously? 3. Where do people usually play badminton? 4. Is it a racket for the game of badminton or for the game of tennis? 5. You play badminton well, don’t you? 6. Doesn’t your sister like this game? 7. Why don’t you begin the game? 8. Hasn’t your partner come yet? 9. Does he come to the training from his house of from university? B 1. Have you seen this film? No, I haven’t. 2. Will you be at home today in the evening? Yes, I will. 3. Do you like this book? – Yes, I do. 4. Do you go to university on foot? Yes, I always go on foot. 5. Hasn’t he told you about it? No, he hasn’t. 6. When did you buy this radio set? 7. Whom did you go to the south with? 8. How many people took part in this expedition? 9. Who is this young man? It is my brother. 10. What is your opinion on this question? 122 Emphatic Structures Exercise I (p. 397) 1. He did promise not to do it again. 2. When was it that you accepted his proposal? 3. Do have some more cake. 4. What I need is a good night’s sleep. 5. It was she who was promoted a year after she had been hired. Exercise II (p. 397) 1. It was in the twentieth century that television was invented. 2. It is for peaceful purposes only that we want to use atomic energy. 3. It was this country that launched the first sputnik in the history of mankind. 4. It was only after dozens of successful experiments with animals that a manned spaceship was launched. 5. It was with the help of calculating machines that mathematicians have solved complicated problems. 6. These are jet-planes that made it possible to cover great distances in a very short time. Exercise III (p. 398) 1. What this country needs is strong government. 2. What we worry about is the present economic situation. 3. What people want is public money to be spent on public services. 4. What our policy reflects is the importance we attach to education. 5. What our children need is good education. Exercise IV (p. 398) 1. It was Ann who I went shopping with. 2. It was at the grocer’s where I left my purse. 3. It was just now that I realized I’d left it there. 4. Yes, it is certain that I left it there. 5. It is the shop we should telephone. 6. It is you, of course, who should telephone them. Inversion Exercise I (p. 400) 1. So troubled indeed was he that he scarcely heard the guide’s reply. 2. Not only did he give us a piece of good advice, but he helped us to carry out our task. 3. It was a splendid garden, full of blossom and 123 scent that lay before him. 4. It was his character that she knew little. 5. So greatly disappointed was he that he could not speak for a moment. 6. Alone was Miss Smith in the house. 7. Only once had he been angry. 8. Lucky is it that we know her address. 9. Curious is his mind. 10. In all my drive I did not meet a cab. 11. “Telegraph you at once, he can be stopped,” said the manager. And he was stopped. 12. Not only was Shalyapin an outstanding singer, but he was also a brilliant actor. 13. So happy had he felt nowhere before. 14. In vain did we try to open the door: it was locked. 15. Not only did Lomonosov create literary work but he also laid the basis for the scientific study of the Russian language and grammar. Exercise II (p. 400) 1. Then comes the end of my story. 2. Right is he. 3. There comes our train. 4. Down below spread the town with its wide streets, beautiful buildings and green parks. 5. Above the city there stood a high monument to the poet overlooking the great river. 6. Only on his way back to the house did he recollect the missing details. 7. Never had she spoken of it to either of her sisters. 8. No sooner had we entered the hall than the lights went down. 9. So slow was our progress that we reached the town late at night. 10. So troubled was he now indeed that he scarcely heard the guide’s reply. 11. Simple may it seem now as to find the solution was not easy. 12. Not only will these measures help the situation they will not make it all the more complicated. Exercise III (p. 401) 1. So very tired was he that he slept for twelve hours. 2. Such a fierce dog did they have that we were terrified. 3. So angry did I get that I screamed. 4. Such a big telephone bill did we receive that we couldn’t pay it. 5. So calm did the sea look that we bathed in it. 6. So careful is he that he doesn’t make any mistakes. 7. Such an excellent student was he that he was given a scholarship. 8. So much did he laugh that tears rolled down his cheeks. 9. So loudly did he speak that everybody could hear him. 10. So rapidly did she gain confidence that everybody believed her. Exercise IV (p. 401) 1. So have I. 2. Nor did I. 3. So was I. 4. So will I. 5. Nor has she. 6. So am I. 7. Nor have I. 8. Nor am I. 9. Nor does he. 10. Nor has he. Exercise V (p. 401) 1. Hardly had we opened the door when the children ran in. 2. In no other way can the matter be explained. 3. Little did they know what 124 was going on in their house. 4. In vain did his friends try to help him. 5. So beautifully did she dance that the audience burst into applause. 6. Never did I see in my life a thing done so magnificently. 7. Only last year did the group of journalists visit London. 8. Loudly and distinctly did the lecturer speak. 9. In vain did they try to carry out the project. 10. Quietly and softly did we walk downstairs. 11. Little did they know about the poor boy’s life. 12. So seriously did he speak that everybody believed him. 13. Never had there been so full an assembly. 14. Hardly had we reached the football ground when the game started. 15. Only for a flashing moment did she see this. Exercise VI (p. 402) 1. Never did Moscow look so beautiful as now. 2. Only when RimskyKorsakov did understand that music was his real calling he decided to devote himself to music. 3. Not once did Tom try to deceive his aunt, but every time she guessed about his tricks. 4. Not only have I read this book, but I have seen a film made on it. 5. Neither has he read this book nor has he seen a film made on it. 6. In the distance were there seen the lights of a city. 7. Though was it very hard to persuade him we managed to do it at last. 8. Seldom did they feel so joyfully and easily. 9. Not only could they calm her, but quite the contrary they still more upset her. 10. Hardly had the train passed from the station when between me and my fellow-travellers started a lively talk. Exercise VII (p. 402) 1. Near the house stood a woman whom he did not know. 2. Not only did he give us a good piece of advice, but he helped us to fulfil our work. 3. For several minutes she couldn’t speak, so strongly was she disappointed. 4. Not a minute did he hesitate to accept a proposal. 5. He looks a little bit older than you. So do I. 6. I thought that he had been present at the meeting. – So did I. 7. Had I won a car, I would have gone travelling. 8. Not only did he get angry with us, but he pretended that he hadn’t noticed anything. 9. Though was it very hard to do this we managed to do it. 10. Nowhere did he feel so happy before. 11. You must be very tired. So must I. 12. It seems to me that he is seriously ill. – So is he. 13. He didn’t find the book necessary for him. – I’m afraid neither will we. 14. Could you stay a little longer we would finish the work today. 15. You seem to be displeased with his report. – So do I. Exercise VIII (p. 402) 1. At the bottom of the mountain stood a small house. 2. Then came my turn to read the text. 3. Among the guests were there relatives and 125 friends. 4. Far from the forest were there fields yellow of golden wheat. 5. “This book is more interesting to read in the original,” said the teacher. 6. Here go my friends! Here are they! 7. Hardly had the train arrived at the station when a group of schoolchildren ran out of it. 8. Little did he learn for one day. 9. Not only did he make a report on this subject, but he made some valuable suggestions. 10. Never was he in such a difficult situation. 11. Attentively and quickly did they examine all the parts of the car. 13. Hadn’t she missed so many lessons last year, she would have studied easier now. 14. Long and hard was their road. 15. Though was the book dull, I nevertheless read it. 16. Such were the results of investigation. 17. Hard was the work which had to be done. 18. Many interesting books had he read before he made a report. 19. I have never seen this man before. – Neither have I. 20. May this brings you benefit! 21. May you be healthy and happy! Exercise IX (p. 403) 1. I have already got the answers to all the questions. – So have I. 2. I approve your choice and so do our friends. 3. He didn’t like when people argued on trifles. – Neither do I. 4. We all were puzzled with his question. – So was I. 5. I had to persuade him for half an hour. – So did I. 6. They did not refuse from the invitation. – Neither did we. 7. You do not approve her behaviour. – Neither do I. 8. You seem to be very displeased with his work. – Neither do we. 9. He was at this meeting. – So were we. 10. I can be free on Friday after 5 o’clock. – So can I. 11. I couldn’t help laughing looking at his embarassed face. – Neither could all the rest. 12. I can’t imagine why they didn’t accept our proposal. – Neither can we. Appendix 8. Phrasal Verbs Exercise I (p. 447) 1. up to; 2. in for; 3. on; 4. off; 5. through; 6. down; 7. up; 8. down; 9. through; 10. off; 11. into. Exercise II (p. 447) 1. about; 2. back; 3. in; 4. round; 5. forward; 6. round; 7. off; 8. up; 9. for; 10. in. Exercise III (p. 447) 1. away; 2. through; 3. on; 4. over; 5. across; 6. into; 7. down with; 8. into; 9. out; 10. up with. 126 Exercise IV (p. 447) 1. off; 2. out for; 3. down on; 4. in; 5. into; 6. off; 7. back on; 8. away with; 9. down; 10. with. Exercise V (p. 448) 1. back; 2. out; 3. in; 4. up; 5. behind; 6. in with; 7. back on; 8. off; 9. for; 10. away with; 11. on; 12. through; 13. on. Exercise VI (p. 448) 1. away; 2. up; 3. off; 4. out; 5. in; 6. on; 7. down; 8. out; 9. back; 10. back; 11. up; 12. on. Exercise VII (p. 448) 1. back; 2. on; 3. to; 4. off; 5. off; 6. down; 7. over; 8. after; 9. up; 10. through; 11. forward. Exercise VIII (p. 449) 1. out; 2. up; 3. up; 4. up for; 5. away; 6. off as; 7. back; 8. together; 9. in; 10. through. Exercise IX (p. 449) 1. aside; 2. off; 3. forward; 4. out; 5. through; 6. up with; 7. out of; 8. across; 9. out; 10; down. Exercise X (p. 449) 1. about; 2. off; 3. through; 4. to; 5. about; 6. in; 7. out; 8. up; 9. aside; 10. off. Exercise XI (p. 449) 1. by; 2. for; 3. in for; 4. out; 5. up to; 6. after; 7. up; 8. for; 9. off; 10. aback. Exercise XII (p. 450) 1. down; 2. out; 3. to; 4. up; 5. into; 6. over; 7. away; 8. out; 9. out; 10. up. Exercise XIII (p. 450) 1. broke down; 2. fall off; 3. take off; 4. closed down; 5. moving in; 6. grows up; 7. speak up; 8. turn up; 9. will clear up; 10. show off. Exercise XIV (p. 450) 1. turn it down; 2. wake them up; 3. pick it up; 4. cross it out; 5. to try it on; 6. look it up; 7. shaved it off; 8. knocked me out. 127 Утевская Наталья Львовна English Grammar Book version 2.0 KEYS to the Exercises Дизайн обложки К. С. Алтаев Технический редактор А. Б. Ткаченко Корректор Е. Г. Шабалова Компьютерная верcтка Д. В. Лемеш Подписано в печать 07.02.2011. Формат 84х108/32. Гарнитура Times New Roman. Печать офсетная. Объем 4 п.л. Тираж 2000 экз. Заказ _____. Издательство «Антология» 199053, Санкт Петербург, В.О., Средний пр., д. 4 тел.: (812) 328 14 41 www.anthologybooks.ru Отпечатано по технологии CtP в ОАО «Печатный двор» им. А. М. Горького 197110, Санкт Петербург, Чкаловский пр., 15