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SAVU9AS NVHIVNOT ONV uooruu3r3dl lvH9NlNNn)HVUVS l rou-cnc HllM )OOE ,SINSGNIS uSddn Stvtct3lAluSrNl DNtrnl I .==;-.:=€€ffireW% o1 GETTINGON page05 Pastandpresent verb forms Usesof auxiliary verbs Relationships Friendship Wordspot:gef Listening:Your pastand Dresent Reading:Creat sibling rivalries Listening:Characteristics of a good friend , , o2 Reading:Happiness:facts and mlrths Listening:Things that make you feel good *;iir,T:-:;'""., "1i, UPSAND DOWNS feel good page 16 j o3 IT ALLWENT WRONG Narrativetenses Continuousaspectin other tenses Mishaps C r i m ea n d p u n i s h m e n t Headtines Readingand [istening: News articles Useandnon-useofthe passive PassiVe formswith haveor get Mentalskitls Wordspot:mrnd Personal characteristics Listening:MentaIski[[s Reading:W_hat shapesour personality? Reviewof future forms More complexquestion forms Cettingtogether Coltoquia[ [anguage Reading:We may have 750 friendsonline,but we're lonely Listening:Onlinedating Perfecttenses Moreaboutthe Present perfectsimpleand continuous Human achievements Wordspot:/rrst page 25 o4 YOURMIND page35 o5 FACETO FACE page46 o6 BIGIDEAS page56 **,:,"r Study,Practice & Remember page131,Audioscriptspage167,lrregularverb listpage179 r.-tr 'l 'spronrr osotlllequrauou 8VL a8ed 'Z LvL aled af,rtrerdt ,(pnrS 'L 97; a8ed a)lperdB ,{pnrs 'spromeseqltaquaua1 57; a8ed yyy aBed'Z arperd t ,(PnrS 'L 97; a8ed arllerd t ,{pnrS 'sploMeseqlraquoulau 7y; aBed 'z ;7; a8ed arrlfeldt ,{Pnrs gy; eBed'L artrerd t ,{PnrS saoreq Bunsu6 :elnllnf Pllo/v\ qsel Bu;1ead5 :uol1eredal4 Bu1ua1s11 auuerBord nf e roj eePrue luosojd eBessauu 1osad,{1:tu;l;.r/y\ auoqdalal Burlead5:1se1 qlgrur aql uo sr-ualqord Burualsrl:uogleredel4 :3u11eed5 3u11ea6 e ue16 en;1e3en3uel ,(pedreuurp,{se1ue; zernunulo elnleN :arniln) PFo/n a^rlelreu y :tu;tg.ttv\ suelqoJd elnuloJ aql ssaurddeq :€Jnunt PlJo/v\ 'spJoMasaqlJeqruaulau 99; a8ed Pelfadxaunql!/v\ :3u;1eed5 3u11ea6 anl'1e3en3uel 'sproMeseqliaquaulau 6E; eBed g E l e 8 e d ' Za ) r p e r dt , ( P n i S 'L 2g; eBed erperd t ,(PnrS 5 9 ; e 8 e d ' Za l r p e r d ' 6 ^ P n t S 'L 79;. a8ed arperd t ,(PnrS :>;se1 3u11ead5 Sulpeex :uol1ereder6 uotsstua:eds e uo oBo1aldoadesooqf :4sel 3u11ead5 3urua1sr1 :uog1e.redel4 matn;oslutod o^ l tuorj &o1se 11a1 3u11ead5:>1se1 :uol1eredar4 3urua1s11 ,(aruns ssellPoC e Sur4elp ,{qderSorq qsel 3u11ead5 :Eu;11.t/v\ pue3uruue16 3utua1st1 pueSurpeax :uol1e.reder4 e daa; SutoBuotlesranuor gg; a8ed'sproMesaqlraquaua1 1aa;aldoadMoqot 'Z :3ur1eed5 Z€l a8ed artleld t ,{PnrS SurpuodsaX eng'1 e8en3uel l E l a B B d ' Le l r p e r d ' 3 , ( P n r S ul suottrsanb su.uo1 Buo.tlspuelea/l suollsanD Pue slueualels ro uolleuolul ssefls PJoA ft8uero uler Sutpuno5 unoN s3x$Jns Surpuno5 rgtaqledu,{s sqlanfietllxnY C*ruTHNT5 07 EVENTS Relativeclauses Quantifiers Celebrations andprotests SpeciaI events Wordspot:take Reading:We sawhistoryin the making Listening:Specialevents Page 66 o9 GETTINGIT RIGHT Useandnon-use of articles PhrasaI verbs Differentwaysof givini Wordspot:right andwrong emphasis Page86 11 LIFEISSUES Page106 HypotheticaI situations in the present HypotheticaI situations in the past Reading:How to stand out from the crowd Listening and writing: Takingnotes Scienceand processes Wordspot:/fe Study,Practice & Remember page131,Audioscriptspage167,lrregular verblist page179 'sproaasaqlraqluaureu 991a8ed 'Z SgL aSPd arpPld 3 ^PnlS 'L t9L aBed errrrud ,8IPnIS qset SuqeedS 3u!1sads !^ eleh :uotrPiP&rd ur$^nSurSueq) puP3uru3lsr't ijoou aql PloH roccr 1<' "oFD PUProjt,v :Surtun 'sProM suoLuldo asaqlraqLuaLua! 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P!PS aldoadleqMSulUodau 3ur)iP€dS:tse-L SurpeaX:uorrErsd€rd pallo:) sorltussuoPUE srseqdu.rol ss.rts3u1._ 3ut)Peds:)|sel ,0elnqe)o^ alSueu-L pue3u!peaU ruo!}gled3{ sPnu.r.raa 0ql sauErs^Lu o^/\rssnrslc suollenlrsleiros :3u!teads PTEMIMV 'sproM asaqlraqursur3! luaî uP LSLaSed ogl aSed'zs.lperd,3 fpnls Jo MarârY:3u4u/t\ 3^!t a3en8uel 6tL aSed'La)Frerd3 ^pnls Sulleads:)iseI /(]e]nqero^ puPSurpPaX :uorleredErd ru€âuero] sPsPluasard e/eqJo uroj leaM 3q1 arrlodBupuncj hid Itti H4I 2' 34. Speaking andlistening \r'\)t.rrl! ii ti,ii ;\ti,ri ill.trril:ill.: 1a Read A-F above.Think of at teasttwo thingsto say,about eachone. b Workin pairs.Teltyour partnerabout thethingsyouhavewritten. Yourpartnercanaskyouquestions. 2a 6i t.1 Listento sixspeakers.which itemfromexercise 1adoes eachspeakertatk about? mentions Listenagain.Which speaker thetopicsin the box? Whatdotheysayaboutthem? workingon a fiLm 3 l0d 1.2 Listenand completethe extractsfrom the recording. 1 We_ thereeverysumrner for ourhoL.days. it. _ 2 Nornally it'sfinebecause onprogramnes _ late...Butat themoment a filn. _ 3 t wasnryfirstjob,but thinkKathy_ differentjobs beforethat. -ff 5 6 7 8 threeor four vears. Somehow touch. think we aboutfiveyears. We were to eachotherandwe just t sweetln the photoon Facebook. Reading Workin pairsanddiscuss the questions betowthat arer€Levanttoyou, . Wouldyouliketo havea brotheror sister?Why? . Whataretheadvanta8es of being anontychitd? . Howcloseisyourrelatlonship withyoursibting(s)? . Areyousirnilarto eachother?n whatways? . AreyoLrctoser to onesibtingthan the other(s)? Whichoneandwhy? . Areyoucompetltive withyoursibting(s)? lfyes, grveexamPles. Venusand Serena Williams Workin pairsandLookatthe photos.What doyou know(orcanyouguess) aboutthepeople? Readthearticleandanswerthequestions. Whichfamous sibLings... 1 arefriends despite theirrivalry? 2 havecontinued theirrivatryintootdage? 3 havetakenlegalaction against eachother? 4 caused problems intheirlocaIcomnrunity becalse of theirrivatry? 5 oftencompeted against eachotherin impotant compet tionsl 6 oftencriticise eachotherin the firedia? Read thearticleagain.Complete thesentences beLow. 1 TheaLrthor of the articlefeltcompetitive towards nerstster Decause ,., 2 n herautobiography, boasted that I oanFontaine s h eh a d . . . 3 A lot of people werewatching whenOliviade Havitland... 4 NoelCatlagher onceattacked hisbrother Decause... 5 TheDasstebrotfers st.rredseparale.o'rpdrie( 6 Somepeop[e ir Herzogenaurach refused to socialise witheachotherbecause ... 7 Thewilliams sisters arebestfriends despite the factthat... I Weknowthe authorofthe articleisstilt cornpetitive towards hersisterbecause .,. Workin groupsanddiscuss the qu€stions below. . Whichcaseofsibling rivalry doyouthinkisthe mostextreme?Why? . Whichslblings'achievements arethemost impressive? ' Doyouknowanyother examples of serious sibtingrivatry? Formost people,the longestrelationship they will haveis with theirsibling.lt's a shame,then,that we can't choosethem.As children,my youngersister and I werealwayscompetingwith eacholher I wasjealousof her looksand shefelt threatened by my academicsuccess.But our valrywas nothing comparedto that of somefamoussiblings. Take1940smovestarsO iva de Havilland andJoan -he Fo_tdre. p berweelrlese conpe iivc.aario.rg'] s sterss thestuffof Holwvoodegend.'l married first, wo_t'e Os.a belqFO.v'ado. Aro irI diei's., s1el .,ldoLbtedly be ri\^gllbecdLse I beatl-erto t. Joa1 w ote n herautobography. Thekrvalrybecameverypubic n 1946whenOlivlawonan OscanJoanwasasked to presentthe awardbut O iviarefLtsed to evenshake herhand.'Theyjustdon'thavemuch a common,' commented onepersonat thetime.Now n thelr90s,the sistersapparently sUlloatheeachotherl Morerecently, the rivalrybetweenrockstarsNoeland LiamGa agherhashitthe news.As partof ihe band Oasis,theycreatedsomememorabemusic,but wheneverthey areinterviewed, the brothers cannotresist puttingeacholherdown.'Thereareonlyiv/othings wrongwrthLiam,'Noeloacesaid,'eveMhng hesays andeveMhng hedoes.'Whlethe brothers wereworkrng on theirsecondalbum,Liamnvitedsomefriendsto the studo fora party.Noe waslryingio workandendedup attacking Lanrwitha cricketbat.By2011,the brothers hadstoppedworkingtogeiherandweresuingeachother - a sorrystuationfor anybrothers io be in. Listening andvocabutary i:lriondr[rin la work in pairs.Which characteristics belowdolqt de5cribe the behaviour ofa goodfriend? 'I You cantrustthem, 2 Theyatways tett youthe truth. 3 Theysometimes lie toyou. 4 Theyafefun to bewith. 5 Theygossipaboutyoubehindyou. back. 6 Youcanconfidein themaboutyourproblems. 7 Theyatways keeptheirpromis€s. b Workin groups.Think of two morecharacteristics ofa goodfriend.Which doyouthinkisthe most importantcharacteristic in a friend? Za rl 0r1.4Workin pairs.You aregoingto listento three conversations, Listento Mazconfiding in Anna,and answer the questions. 1 2 3 4 WhoisBen? Whatproblem doesMazhave? Wha do welea-1abourl4azard Bera. people? WhatdoesAnna promise at theendofthe conversation? b rl !r 1.5ListentoJoetalkingto oneof thewomen fromthe previous conversation, andanswerthe quest|ons, 1 2 3 4 WhoisJoetalkingto? Whataretheydjscussing? Whatisthelrattitudetowards thesituation? proniseattheend? WhatdoesJoe Language focus2 L!sesof auxi{,iary verhs 1 Complete sentences i-7 fromthe conversations with the endings or responses in the box. Hesaysheis. wiLLyou? lknowshewilt. isnl it? oh, areyou? we do havea goodtime iogether. r00r1,6tistentoJoetalkingtosomeone eLse, and answerthe questions, Youdon't thlnk he'sinterested?He say! rhet! I do lovehim,and_ Youwon't sayanythingto anyone, Haveyou seenBenand Mazat a[[? 1 Whoisloe tatkingto? 2 Whatisthesuprise thatlsmentioned? 3 WhatdoesJoe try to do in the conversation andwhy? 4 Howdoestheotherperson respond? l'm planning a bit of a sLrrprise for her. Its goingto costyoua fortune, She'lllilethis, Iistento atlthreeconversations again.Summarise the situationbetween the fourfriends. Workin pairsanddiscuss the questions. ' Doyouhavesympathy for Benor Maz? ' AreAnnaandloe goodfriends to BenandMaz? ' Should theysayor doanything? . Whatdoyouthinkwill happen between Ben andMaz? 2 6i 1.2Listen andcheck. 1 Und€rtinethe auxiLiaries inthe endings/responses in th€ box in exercise1. 2 which auxiliariesin exercise1 are usedto... 1 form tag questions? 4 torm a shortanswertoquestions? 5 avoidrepeatingwords orsentences? I ReadStudy 2, page 192 Task Keepa conversation going $"$[il Speaking 4 Areanyofthe phrases in the boxin exercise 3 Responding to how peoplefeel 1 inappropriate for anyofthe situations? Civeoneor two exampLes, andexpLain why. Lookat the Dhoto.Workin Dairsanddiscuss.Whodo you turn to if you needa sympath€ticlistener?Why? t 6d ,.ra,,","n,o fiu. rhrases saidin two diflerent way!. Whichsoundsmoresympathetic,a or b? 6i1 1.tg Listento threeshort conversations ano answerthe questions. '| Whatisthe person's problem in eachcase? 2 lsthe listener verysympathetic, reasonabty sympathetic or notverysympathetic? 3 what suggestion{s) doeshe/shemake? Checkyou understand the phrases in the box.Then readsituations1-7 belowandchooseoneor two appropriate responses in the boxfor each. Youmustbereallywonied. Don'ttakeanynoticeofhim/her. Don'tworry,it doesn'tmatter. Trynot to worryaboutit. Justignorehim/her/it/them. Theres no pointin gettingupset. Thatsounds a$4ull Howannoying! Cheerupl Nevermind. Catmdown! z 6i r.rs r"t"n to *'" phrases b€inssaidi; a symp.thetlcway.Repeatthe phrasesfromerercise3, payingattentionto th€ intonation. Workin pairs.Choose oneofthe situations in exercise 3 andprepare a conversation similartothe onesyou listened to. Actout yourconversation for the class.The others listenandsaywhichsituationyouareactingoutand whetheror notthe listeneris sympathetic. Writing Planninganddraftinga biography stepsdoyougo A visitofto yourhouse;sembarrassed because he's 1 a Workin pai6anddiscuss.What throughwhenyouwrite5omething in Engtish,for spiLted hisdrink. exampte a biography of a famousperson? A childtetlsyouthat hisbestfriendsaidsomething unkindto him. Yourbestfriendphones because she'shada rolv Tumto page133andreadthe'Fivestepstobetter with herboyfriend. writing'.whichid€asdoyoufind us€ful? 4 Yourfriendis in tearsat the endof a sadfitm. vou'lriendisworriedbecause hismorherisBoing intohospitat. 6 Everyore is laughing aryourfriend.newhai-style. 7 Yourfriendistoo scared to goto thedentistby herself fr'\Ctrl1"1.e v!..r.r rr: r;;, ir; . tlii: i.)ri ir! ii5r! 5 a y1 ' r s r ; o . _ f i i r e s : e e b.ci'i.rFerod or wo rsi 3 r ! f i p y s r e . t 1 L l v9 e i - . f l . . n D a e . l l o . n \ , 1 7 5 %0 1 r . r FACTI Uosi p;reits i.\, iri.r sire..i r..l timc ,! tlr ihc r .f .lre. s i.r.i m-[85 'ifen h i p i e s r n r i e v . r , ! i , ! r t , i L : !: r r c : c : i : ! u lr i..ii i:l rdrer,iienr-to.iticiiare'i3 rei.r tee f9 nress..l ...1 i r strare.l A psychologst haslivented a phone app which he c a l m s w i l m a k el s e r sm o r es e l f - a w a raen d a b l e to make better-infornredlife choices.'Trackyour ' e e : n g s b e e p s' , e , a t dor po' ., n r" day. Useresaywhatthey are doing and choose a w o r dt o d e s c r i b eh o w t h e y f e e ,r e g i s t e r l n g th€ strensthoflhelrfee inss from one to five. The inventorstressesthat the app must be usec d!.in9 the activity(or immediateyafterwards), as he be ievesthat we often recolect our fee ings dlfferenty from howwe felt at thetime IN THISUNIT Vocabulary andspeaking Readthe factsat the top of the page.Thenwork in groupsand discuss.Do they surpriseyou? Canyou think of any explanations forthem? Readthe text aboveabout a new phoneapp. Answerthe questions. 1 Whatdoeslhe nventor clairiit y]i[[do? 2 Howdoesit work? 3 Doyouthinkan app[ikethiswoutdb€ useful to you? Work in pairs.Lookat the adjectivesbelowthat are usedin the app andcheckyouunderstandthem.Whichof the adjectivesdo you rarelyor neverfeet? amused awkward \ DOrec oepresseo Lmpatrent dissatisfied enthLrsrastrc {onety s[eepy stressed frust€ted gflrmpy unsociable upset cheerful confident curious paniclv Posrtve Reading andspeaking \.- Readquotes1-5 and choosethe oneyou agreewith most.Compareanswerswith the class, and l{anoiness is the ineaninc ter a"atm *hore tt'' 'r tU'' ".i""* human existen"" end-of Arir,o,l" Happiress is like a butterfly! the more you chce it, the more it wi escape you. But if you turn 'our attention to other things, it will come and sit softly on you shoulder. HenryDavkllhareau If you want happiness for d hou! tate a nap, II yo-uuanr happiness for a day. go o\n,n€. U you han, happines< for a year, forrue. rr )ou \anr happines. :n}]e:'l-a for a lifetime, help soneone else. Chineseproverb l not in seeking The secet of happiness is t""'ro.rrr", to more, but in l€arning "oj"" Anyone who is happy all the time reeds to see a psychiarrist. Ananynous 2a Readthe statemenisbelow.Doyou think they are true or false? 1 S p e _ d i -r go n e r d o e . rr r o l e r o u h o p o . . than 2 Livingin a sunnycLlnrate makesyou happier livingln a cold country. 3 Talkingto strangers nakesyou feelbetter 4 Daydreaming nakesyou happy. than 5 People who livein citlesaremorernlsefab[e thosewho live in the country. 6 ThemoreyoL earn,the betteryoufeel 7 lvlenwho do lesshousework are happlerthan rnen who do a tot. a Forcingyoursetf to smlLemakesyo(rfeelbetter. b Work in groupsandcompareanswers. 3 Work in pairs.StudentA:readthe articleon this page.StudentB:turn to page127 and readthe articte.Discussthe questionsbeLow . Whichtopicsfromexercise 2a arementioned? . tl ^r'-.d . r'F ' ho <rr-e-onrr.re LeT l .ffi'\'"l\ i;l i',\'\i ir,i,'it "' - , * :":'."I :::::::::::":: nal e you-dop:ei + yo,' aBW* aje i4' dno c. theayo-..en o.as-lp.se.)r.oes"o sisre-.,'sqow r l " a rh o w n - c h w e - a r 1 ' r a c l L at ? e s ! . p o r o _ . . o o - r -aop ne$ r-a- how r r.h o-'er p"op e e" r. What w e w a l r - o r o ' a I i sr o - a r n r o ' e t h " n o r r r e - d s a - d . o r e a g u e r .h s r i g ! e l o a . w q v L o u - . i e t i l e c . : 1 . 5 o . r . \ o r e a a . d . i e a v es e e nl h e a r e - . q e i n c o - e m o r et r E n o o u o r po " e r r h e l a , - 2 0 y e a ' s .b . 1 t a v F s p e _i o n c ' e a . e n L d o pn e i s . n t h e c a r eo ' S o u t h ro.ea, lre s!- +adion i rs adual/ fale". lowe\e , r - k o o F . ^ - n e a - , i a r w e d o 1 c a e d b o - Lo J r i - . o - F . A c ' o r d i 9 r o \ o b e l P z e - wn r r r 9 p ' v c ' o l o g s r o a n e K d l e - a " . . o n e yd o e , n o Lb u v y o J r a p o i l e s s b . r a I I I I I I I I I I I I I _:_,:"I M o s rp e o p e r l - n . r " a r c . v r o l l .a e . o . e s k e s s e da r o e s , a o p ? , h d r c o u . y t o l <W e l o w i t s o f c i a l ) 'r e:ciriesoeo on)bdd b yo,' heaIrwirh'Lei p o l u r i o l a . o o ' e c o { d . 9 . ( " e ) e a l s ob a o r o . y o { ' a o p n e , s .L s -(olomisL "9 a soe.a ,manploie.op. c e o 9 e M a c K e, o 1 . o l e c . e dd a t ao r w h e ' e w t e r d d why people &e e appy T-e ?eu rs wer" cle" . c t e s a e t n eJ . r i o p i e s tp a c e sr o i v e i - . f / o . a ' o h " p o r e s s a , b e r g o ' . r c a l e' r o r l r o 0 0 ( r ' e s ' e o r t e v o r r w e l - o en 9 o v o e t " e e - o r . a n o t , , e p o n i ' And which placesmake peop e happiest?Mo!l ad' e s s ' I I I I I I I I I I I Listening andvocabulary l ! ri i \l\ !,[l ]rt r 'l N,l \r '"i i'qrirl..'i$r: r:l 1 A groupof peoptewereasked'Which thingsin yourlife makeyoufeeLgood and whichmakeyoufeeLbad?'Look at the mostfrequentanswers below.lsanything importantmissing? rnomeror Securrry poodrftrud^sktps I -' ,: ' r Lr ii;:l :i:., tll,Iii',I...:.I.,,r,.:I. havingvarietyand exciternentin life t--t ^{ (tAAn,/ myIolbiEs exhaustion rndint[rG$t$ at/ur,snzfo*e ohas being an employer, not an emplgyee l " r :i : r l t :' I r r i , , 1 , i .i i r r . t r r l t l l lffik/,[milfiluth| examstress payingtaxes laeing lack of money Work in g.oups.Maketistswiththe ideasin ex€rcise1. . things that make people feel good . things that make people feel bad . could be both Decideifthe phrasesin exerciset havean opposite.Addthem to the list. good friendships- lackof friends criticismfron athers - supportfram athers Lookatthe threepeopLe youguesswhich in the photos.Can thingsin exercise 1 makethemfeelgoodandbad? b 0 z.z Listenandcheckyouranswers. Listenagain.Which thingsin the boxbetowdoe5eachperson mention?Are theygoodor badthings? spendingtimewithmyfamily anti-socialbehaviour havinganactivesocialtife not havingtimetorelax growup inteLLeciuat watchingnrychildren stimulation Workin pairsandsummarise thegoodandbadthingsabout eachperson's Life,givingas muchdetailasyoucan. Workin pairsanddiscuss.Which 1 and4a thingsin exercises doyouthinkmostaffectthe peoplebetow? . teachers . enFepreneurs . youngpeopLe . athletes . parents . etderty peopte Rudeness is a big prob/emlor schoolteachers. Youngpeopleworryaboutexamstress. Makea list ofthethingsin tifewhichmakeyoufeelgood/ bad,workin groupsandcompareyour answ€rs, Task Do a classsurvev Preparation Listening Lookat the photosandquestions beLow. Whatcanyouseein each photoandwhichquestiondoyou thinkit relatesto? W \\h\Nil$W\HN\\\}hW\T,h$I rirwrii[\H$Hu$$\H\\ww}\\ sS 2 \D] 6i 2.4Listento fivepeople answering oneof the questions, Whichquestion doesthe speaker answ€r? what reasons andexamPtes dotheygive? Listenagainandtickthe phrases you hearin the Usefullanguage box. TaskSpeaking 1a Youaregoingto conducta surveyand taLkabout the questions in exercise 1. Readthe questions againandthinkof at leastoneanswerforeach. 2a Yourteacherwill giveeachstudenta question from exercise'1. Youaregoingtocarryout a classsurveyabout thistopic,First,think ofsomefottow-upqu€stions to ask. > Usefutlanguage b b MingLe with the cLass andaskyourquestions. tf possibte, interviewsix otherstudents. Makenotesaboutwhat 3a Workaloneor in pairs.Pr€pare yourfindings to 5ummarise b Thinkabouthowto exptain your answers, Makenotes,usingthe promptsbetow. Askyourteacherfor anywords/phrases you need. . Whydoyoufeetlikethis?Areyour feeljngs |ational? . Haveyoualways fettthisway? . Haveyouhadanyexperiences that havemadeyoufeelthisway? > Usefutlanguage a to the ctass, Thinkaboutthe ideasbelow. . anyanswers that cameupmorethanonce . thestrangest/most surprising youheard answers . anyfunnystodes you heardthat areworthrepeating > Usefullanguag€c Taketurnsto summarise yourfindingstothe ctass. Did youaL[havesimitarfeetings or weretherea widevariety Findout first View 1a Whatarethe bestlabour-saving devices andetectron icgadgets that 2a Youaregoingto watcha videoabouthappiness. Lookat thewordsandphrases betowfromthe video.Dotheyhave a positive(P)or negative (N)effecton happiness? oruogery b Workin pairs.Dothe Consumer technotogy quizbeLow Consumerteclmology 1 What percentage of Indian householcls own a television? a approximately 25% b appro{mately 50% c approomately 75% What percentage of US households don't orl,n a television? a approximately 10% b approximately5% c appm).rmately1% How many motor vehicles are there in the world today? a around 100million b aroundonebillon c aromd ien billion How many mobile phones are in use in China? a ten million c overone billion Coonlineto checkyour answe.s or askyourteacher Search: lndian/ljS households TV percentage / motof vehiclesworld/ mobi[ephonesin lse China labour-saving devices stafingat a screenatlday b O watchthe videoandanswerthequestions. 1 Whatdoesthescience of happiness sayaboutmachines? 2 Whathavelabour-saving devices faiLed to do? 3 Whatdoestechnology pushout of ouf lives? 4 Whatarethethfeeingredients of happiness? 3 Watchthe videoagainandchoose the correctanswers (bothanswers maybecorrect). 1 Technology promises to bringusdrudgery/ newpossibilities. 2 n a technologicalutopia, wewouldhavemore fteetime/ fun. 3 Compared to 50yea|sago,we nowspendless/ more timeon househoLd chores. 4 Because oftechnotogy, we nowspendmoretirre alone/ withotherpeople. 5 On[inecon]munities makeusrnore/ lesssocialin the 6 Wenow knowthe keyto / a rccipefot happiness. 4 Doyouegreewith the recipefor happiness in thevideo? Whatother'ingred i€nts'doyouthinkareimportantfor a happyLife? I IN THISUNIT Vocabulary Lookat the mishapsbeLowand checkyouunderstandthe wordsin bold.Thinkof more examptesto addto the List. ' ' . ' . . . . . . . . . . Youtoseyour keysandlockyourselfout. YoLget stuckin traffc andrnissan appointment. YoLsLipon sonreice. Youtrip and fatt over. Youget on the wrong train. Youget confusedand rnakea mistake. Youfcarbr€aksdown, Youbangyourhead. Yo! get lost. Yo! spiLL painton yourclothes. YoLrrun out of petrol. Youoversteepand missyour train. Youdropsomethlng valuable andbreakit. Youbofiowsornethingwlthout askinganddamagelt. Work in pairs.Which of the th ingsin exerciseI hashappenedto you?Taketurns to saywhercandwhen. ffmsk Tella storyfrom two pointsof view PreparationListening 1 a Lookat the pictur€s.They showan incidentthat happen€dto BillandFrank aftertheyhadbe€nto a party.Matchthewordsin the boxto the pictures. taughyourheadoff thickice swayalloverthe place a steephitL Workin groups. Canyouguesswhathappened to BiLlandhisfriend?lsthereaMhingyou don't und€rstand fromthe pictures? 2 Workin groups. croupA:6i 3,4Listento whatBitltotdhislawyer afterthe incident. croupB:6i13,1Listen to whatthe otdladytotdthe police.listenasmanytimesasnecessaryto besure ofthe details. Makenotesif necessary. Task Speaking Practise re-tellingthe storywith students fromthe samegrouP. > Us€futlanguage a andb 2a Workin peirs,onepersonfromGroupAandone fromG.oupB.Taketurnsto reportwhatBit[andthe oLdladysaid. Makea list of diff€rencesbetweenthe two stories andanyinformation but that onepersonmentioned, the otherdidn't.Compare yourtistwith the ctass. > UsefulLanguage c Workin pairs.Discuss the questions beLow . Whosesideofthe storydoyoubetieve? ' Werethe poticerightto arrestBitlandhisfriend? ' WhatfurtheractiondoyouthinkthepoLice tookT Vocabulary ti.lrirurn I unripuniilltnren 1 Lista5 work in pairsandhavea race.lntwo minutes, manycrimesaspossibLe. muroe,... autgtary, andcheckthe meaningof 2a Read the questionnaire in bold. thewordsandphrases youranswers. 3a work in groupsandcompare Civereasons. below. Discuss the questions . In whichcases doyouneedto knowmoreabout to makeyourdecision? the circumstances . Lnwhatcircumstances shouldajudgebevery Lenient/harsh? for the 4a Workin paksandwritetwo moresituations punishments. qui:,with possible b Workatone.Dothe questionnaire. turn5to discussyour b Workwith anotherpair.Tak€ your punishments. ExPlain possible and 5ituations chotces, Are you harsh or lenient? Tick the punishmentyou think is most appropriatefor eachcrime. 1 A university student buys an essayonline and submits it as her own. The university recognisesthe essayas plagiarism. ' Sheshouldreceivea warning. ! . Sheshouldbe expelled.tr . Sheshould be prosecutedfor fraud. tr . other(what?) 2 A l2-year-old girl consistently plays truant from school.The parentssaythat the childwon't listento them and they are powerlessto help. . Sheshouldbesuspended.tr . Sheshouldbe erpelled.! . Herparentsshouldbe prcsecuted.. other (what?) 3 A famity with eight children are living in a quiet street They are very noisy and the neighbours complain of anti-social behaviour. They are renting their house . The family should be evicted. . The parents shol d be prosecuted. n ' The neighbours should learn lo cope. ! . olher (what?) for manis arrested 4 A 2o-year-oid drink-drivi]lg aftercausinga minor accident, It's the first time he has been arrested. . He shonldbe let off with a warning. ! . He shouldlose his licence.I . He should be given 200 hours of community seruce. ! A homelessman is afiested for begging in the city centre.The iocatlawsdo not allowbeggingandhe has beenarrestedseveraltimesfor the samecrime. . He should be let off with a warning. ! . He shouldbe prosecuted.. He shouldbe fined. ! . other(what?) A student is arrestedfor wriiing political graffiti on a building. ' His parentsshouldbecalled.D . He shouldhaveio pay for the damage.! He shouldbe prosecuted.! other (what?) A mother of two young children is charged with the possession of illegal cbugs and found guilty. . She should be sentenced to six months injail ! . She should be gwen a suspended sentence ! . Her children should be taken into care. f . other(what?) Vocabulary 2a Choosethe bestwordto comptetethe phrasesbetow. Whichartictedoyouthinkeachphrase comesfrom? F{endIines 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Workin pairs.Read the newspaper headtines below andexplaineachstoryinyourownwords 1,T-I."I:*J*3:HJ Eea\,']/ ra,in set to cause t severe floodine! t bra[!l[?erist az-year-otd b ReadartidesA{ quickly. wereyourpredictions corect? ctrm'? It lrElscall$ totillilEn$alBty claima pize / a competition builda nucleatengine/ rcactor violatesomeone's fiappiness/ privacy access someone's emailaddress / account reimburse a debt/perro, gt thrcugha wedding/ divorce splitanatom / radiation buy radioactive materialsI stuff payaff a debt / bankaccount 3a ReadarticlesA-C on page33.Arestatements 1-12 give true(T)orfatse(F)?whichlinesin the articLes youthe information? lost in mazecall999 CouDle 1 Arnanda knewit wasa winningticketwhenshe foundit. TheStaceys spentallthemoney. Dorothyhadproofthat it washerticket. camelotthink Dorothyshootdhavebeen morecareful. *:1""T:.i:T"."*.r61f=J DeathtoLtcLimbsin aircrash B punishment Theminlmurn isfiveyears injai[. LeonandC[arawerestiL ivingtogether 7 Leonwasn'tClaG'sfirsthusband. 8 Mostpeopleunder25readtheirpartnelsemails. 2a Findwordsin the headtines whichhavethe sam€ meaning asthewordsbelow. 1 2 3 4 5 suppofts backs promises isprobabLy goingto the numberof people whodied peopte's demands HandL totdtheauthorities whatlie wasdoing. 1 0 Hepubticised thefacthewasdoingtheexperiments. 1 1 Hedoesn'thavethe nuclear materials anymore. 1 2 Fe plans in thefulure. lo dono-eexperi'Fenls whydoyou thinkthewordsin the headLineswere usedinstead? 3 Workin pairsanddiscussthe questions about headlines in generat. 1 Whichtenseisoftenusedto talkaboutthe pa5t? 2 Howdo headlines usualty referto the future? 3 Whichofthe grammaticalfeatures betoware commonty missing fromheadLines? . theverbbe . atticlesla/anlthe) . relativepronouns . nounsanonounpnrases . auxiLiary verbs b work in pairsandcheckyouranswers. 4 5a t d 3.8Listento threenewsstoriesvt4rich explainwhat youranswers happen€din the end.check to exercise 4 Listenagainandmakenoteson anyother you hear information Readingand listening 6 1 - Workin pairs.Lookat the newspaper headlines and introductions on page33.Maketwo guesses about whatis happening in eachstory. i r A r n ] ,r L e w o n - d n . . L e p h o t o h d , w o n t h e r o c l e r y . work in pairs.Discuss the questions beLow. . ThethreeanicLes Onlyoneperson areatltrLre stories. wasnotcharged.Who doyouthinkit was? . what doyouthinkhappened to theotherpeople? work in groups. Discuss th€ questions below. . Areyousurprised bythe outcomein anyofthese case5? . Doyouthinktheoutcomeof eachcasewasfair? Why/Whynot? . Doyouknowof anyrecent[ega[cases that hada controve|5ialoutcome?What happened? Speaking Dealingwith unexpectedproblems 1a (J l.g Listento threeshortconv€rsation5. Thereisan unexpected probtemin each. Answerthe questions, 1 Wl_ere doe(theconversatior takepla(e' 2 Whatisthe probtem? Listenagainandcompletethe extractsbelow. Conversation 1 1l_ b u tl c o L r l dbnu' ty at i c k e t . 2 Canl_a W h y_ t b u y a _? ticketnow? 3 Look, this is _ ! I'm nota criminal. Conversation 2 4 Look, there'sbeena _. We didn't that youwantedto bepaid. 5 | don'tthink .Youshoutdhavetold usat thestart, 6 No,you _ really aren'tyour _.We cuStome15, Conversation 3 7 Whatdo you _you've It's not I Perhaps |_ givenit to someone wecouldn't finda parking that, but thisisveryunfair. to to the manager Workin pairsanddiscuss. Howwouldyoudeatwith eachsituationif it happened in yourcountry? lwauld pay the fine and makea camptatnt tater , 6i a.,o,,.,"n,o*nu,"nrenc€ beloweid in two different ways.How doesthe sp€aker 5oundeachtime: .alm or angry/annoyed? I ufderstand that but I coutdn'tbly a ticket. z" 6] :.tt tistento,"nt"n.es l-9 from exercise lt. Howdoesthe speaker soundin €ach sentence? b Practi* sayingthe *ntences. 3a Readthe situationsbeLowWhat mightyousayin eachsituation? Usethe phrases in boLdin exercise 1b. ' Youparkyourcarandgoshopplng.When you comeback,a trafficwardeniswritingyoua ticket. Youhaveoverstayed the 3o-minute limit. . Youbuysomefoodin a shopbutwhenyo! get outside,you reatise gaveyou thatthe shopkeeper too littlechange. Sherefuses to giveyouthe rest. . Youarriveat a hotelwhere youmadea reservation fortwo nights.They havero recordofyour reservation andthe hotelisfuLf. . Youtakea taxi.When youarrive, yourealise that tFeta, rreters1r\aorkng./oLtl-inlr1eta'i driver isasking toomuch. . Youtakeyourcomputer to a fepairshop.When you pickit up,the mansayshehasspenttwo days tryingto repairyourcomputer, but it stiLldoesn't work.Hegivesyoua biLtfor€120. Workin pairs.Choose a situationandprepare a conversation,Try to usethe phrases in exercise 1b. c Actout the conversation for the ctass. hoveyou got? 2 Whotisthe m ssingnumberin ihissequence? 9 6 9 5 9 2 8 7 ( ) 7 1 5 Wrifedown os mony possibe useslor o newspoperos you con in two minutes. Turnto poge 126ond sludy the thingsto buy/doin town' llstfor one rn nute.Thenclose yourbookond wlle downo I 6 You hove o woll o gooi ond o cobboge wh ch oll hove to be token ocrosso rlvef.Vou hove o smql fow ng booi in wh ch you con only toke one thingwithyou ot o time. Howevetifthe wof ond goot ore eft o one, the wolf will eot the goot. And f ihe goot ond the th ngs you con temembeT 3 How mony sidesdoes th s igure hove? 4 Youore look ng ofier somechldrenfor the doy One illle g r, Anno, comes to you cry ng becouse lhe others won'i p oy with her Whol do you do? o Telltheotherchidrenofffor be ng meon b TelAnno lo sod t out hersef. c Glve Anno o biscul lo moke her feel better d Telthe childrenthey con oll hove o biscult f they promlse to ploywth Anno. e otherl gool w leol the cobboge. How con you get ocrossihe rver wllh the h^/oon molsond ihe cobboge? 7 Howcreotve do you think you ore? o b c d veTycreolNe creolve ovefogerycreolve oboui os creotive os q pototo Reading andspeaking 1a Workin pairsanddiscuss.what doyouunderstand or nurture'? bythe phrase'nature 1-4 betowsupportthetheoryof Dosentences natureor thetheoryof nurture? 1 2 3 4 Everythlng comesfrornourgenes. arejn ourupbringlng. Therootsof personatity Wecant change whow€are. ourpersonatity. Ourenvironment inftu€nces paragraphs dothe pictures Readthe artic[e.Which iLtustrate? M/hat shapes ou pcil-sonality ls it lhe result of nature - what we are born with - or nurture - what we experience? We search tor the answer. i i i i i t i i il t r l , i i ! , , j t . i t i i , t : r f ' . _ i , f r , i i r t t r ' i r , l 1 Two and a harthousandyearsago,the ancient Greeksbelevedthai yourpersonaly was ths resuliof difierentfluids, o r ' h u m o . s 'i,n y o l r b o d y ,l k e b ood, phlegmand bile. Accordng lo Hippoclates, didyoulearnabout work in pairsanddiscuss.what thethings/peopte in the pictures? 3 the wordsin Workin pahs.Checkyouunderstand boldin the questions belowThenreadthe articLe againandanswerthe questions. traits whatpersonatity 1 According to Hippocrates, for? werebiteandbtoodfesponslble last? 2 Howtongdidthetheoryof the'fourhumo15' 3 r'r'|'r doyor rh 1\ people Lo,l(Lledoh-erolog<l( partners? aboutjob applicants andmarrlage 4 ExpLaln inyourownwords what'weareallbornas thisrelate to the blanksLat€s'neans. Howdoes quotefromSkinner? crimlnals who 5 Whatistheconnectlon between in the andchlldren wereexecuted ln anclent China LIKwhopLay truant? support 6 HowdoestheStanford Pfsonexperlmeni l L " 1 rr l J - er h e o l ? f r d o) o - \ l t t f a s 'infamous'? become 7 Accordlng to nurturetheory,shouldidenticaL twins whogrowup apartbesimitar?Why/Why not?what happens in practlce? 4 the questions. Workin groupsanddiscuss . Weblam€ourparents butwe for ourweaknesses Doyouagree? don'tthankthernfor ourstrengths. . Howwoutdyoudescribe yourpersonaLlty in terms traitsinthearticle? of the'bigflve'personallty . Whathasmost nfluenced yourpersonality? I 6i +.: rirt"nto tt'" *ordsbetowandma*the stress. inyolr language buthav€adifferent whi.h tooksimitar pronunciation? Listen againandpractke. bloodmadeyou brave wlh mentalillnesseswefe sometimeslreatedwltlr eeches in orderio restorethe balanceof theirhlmors. lt was only n tlre 1glh centuryihaiscientsts beganto doubtihe theoryol humors,althoughpatientsmay havenoticed muchearlerthatiheyweren'tgehingany betterl By the late 191hcentury,personaliiyhad beencorrecily '""oro Forar.Tfiswasabgaova,e.b.Lsore peopletook tioo lar and phrenoogyeme€ed believed as a new scence'.PhrenoLogists thaiihe brainatfectedthe shapeofthe d, head,and so byfeelingsomeone's head,theycoulddiscoverthe shapeof the r brainand ihereiore - includlng,lor theirpersonaliiy example,how rkelysomeonewas to commitmurdenAi the height oi its popularly, phrenoogists we€ consultedaboutpossible maniagepartn€rsof io give a backgroundcheckon job appicants.Job interv€ws riusthave beeninterestng n lhosedaysl havelookedtoour More€cently, scienlisis genesas the solrce oi personaliy.Whie ther€ scerranlya link,it s iar rromsmple. Fora start, a singe genemightbe involvedin manyd fiefeni - and we havearound aspectsof our personality 25,000genesin our body.And whenevena s m p l e t h i n gi k e t h e c o l o uori y o u r s k i n! st h e r€sultof morethan100d fierenlgenes,imagine how manyare nvoved in a charactertraii lke beingopen,extrovert,agreeable, consceni ous or ne!rcticthe big five'trats that psychologisis nowadq,suseto descdbehunranpeGonaliy). focus2 Language PRACTICE i l i t :, i )i,' ,I. j , l i rl i , r , , ,i ,l il , i : ' . t ,i t, ,. , ' t ' , . , r , t t r 'l 1 workin Read the text'Thefutureof yourmind.'Then true youthinkwitlcome pairs andsaywhichideas 2 below. the questions Workin pairs.Discuss . lf yourmindcou[dbemanipulated in assuggested youdownload f rst? theart cte,whatskjllwouLd . Whatideawouldyouplant, m nd? andinwhose . Whose woLldyoubuy?why? memofles picture, abouteach LJse theprompts to writesentences 1 read/palm She'shavingher paln read. Lookat the examplesand answerthequestions. The chaGctetsrecord thet erperiences. 2 read/horoscope pressure 4 take/blood Ihe charactershave bad nenoies erased. 1 who recordsthememori€sin the lirst sentence? 2 who erases them in the secordsentence? Findtwo other examptesin the articl€ withrave+ sometl,ing+ pastparticipleandanswerthequestions I What is thetensein eachexampLe? 2 Howisth s constructio.lsed in otherteises? Lookat the examplebelow,Noticethatwe canalso useget insteadof rave in this construction.ll is more informatthanhavebutthe meaningisthe sam€.Find an exampLe whhger + someti,rg + PastParticiplein 5 dye/hair 2 6 paint/nails Work in pairsand discussthe questions. we'li,et au bad nemaries ercsed. . which thingsln the pictures do/don'tyoudo yourself? . Doyou or haveyou everhadanything likethis s,etc.? beautician doneat the opticlan's, I Readstudy 2, pag€ 141 I sonretimesdye my hair m),seli,b!t I never.ut my Mm$m Choosepeopleto go on a spacemission Preparation$i.cuding fo[owingthe sucessofth€ Mau 500mision,the Iniemational spaceAsency(IsA)hasdecjded to carrYout a noreextended simulat€dspacemission. 'Mhsion2050witLsend sden votnnteers to tivefor tenyea6 at anislated, top-ssEt desert to6tion, knownas'Ndaierra'. Volunteeucannotleavethe missionunLess theyaredticly ilt. ltey canontycontacttheir faniUesandfriendseverythrce Ite clinateandhabiiatof 'Novatenn wilLbeadapted io reflectwhatisknoM aboutlials andthe njssjonwitl becLosety monito.€dbyscientisE,doctoE andpsychotogists res€Ehing how to setuprcalspace cotonisin the tuture.lt wittbeprcmotedas an inportamsymbotof internationaL 1a Readthe articteaboutMission 2O5O andsummarise the maininformation. s€ctionof nationatities, Ees . studyhowp€opleofdiff€rent sercs,aget reactundertnese b Workin pairsanddiscuss.What charaderistics do youthinkwilLbemostusefuIin Novaterra? 2a Youhavebeenaccepted for Mission 20501You have . studytheneeds andbehaviour ofanychiLdren bomintothere . ind outthemostimportant chalacteristi6that ntturespace the IsAwill provid€toodcapsules fortnrceyea6,burthevotunte€6 rhouLdbecome setf-sufficient after this.water emergeicy;edrcat supptierblanketsandbasic shetterwitlaLsobeprcvided.rhe rctunteeEwilLatteid a co|1|5e @Eringsuruivalskitts,agdcltt!.e andnEt ajd,butpEcticatshtLs that vohntets Gn bringwil ot ,;;l be€n asked whoshoutdgowithyou. . Readaboutthe otherninesholtIisted candidates. . Circle the factoEthatyouthinkmakethem suitable andunderline thefactors thatdonot. (Unless statedabove, atlcandidates arefreeof famityties,speakEnglish andareheatthy. ) Decide whichcandidatesyou wouLd andwouldnot liketo spendthe nexttenyearswith. ,,,,....... l ., ''..1 i --.. .' -.. .\. 1r. '1 - - t- . \ . cald andsetf{dncientandgood . protu$orofenqinee ng . sjftedmWjchnandsingr . fi jendly, butver!inteltedual and'bookish' . tendsto beintrolertanduncomnunicative . beadticiaim iedtoat (beLow) . sociable andwelL-meaning butvery i verYextrovertandhumorous . ver!indivjdua[sticcanberebelLious . canbeneedyand aitention{eehng . fiveyearsin !Sarmy,nowabuitder . marrjedtosabhna(above) . strongphysicalty, but hasputona tot of t . dk.ipLinedin a,m!foraSgressive l . fornerbaLtroom dancingchampjon , friendtywithvsygood peopleskitls . ha5sufferediiom depressjon Findout first View 1a Workin pairs.Read the information belowaboutt he differences between malesandfemates andtryto gless the correctanswers, 2a Youaregoingto watcha videoaboutwhyboysandgirLs Likedifferenttoys.Whatgender-stereotyped toys do you thinkthevideowittmention? rrrrrrr--rri I Men versusWomen I Various scientific studies over the last I two decadeshave proved that there are I differencesbetween boys and girls at schoolin termsofhow good they are at certain skills (aithough we don't know the reasonsfor thosedi{ferences). For example, r6oys / girls tend to be better at spatialskills,for examplerotating growup, Vhen boys andgirls an obiect in their mind, whlle'boys I I feeling. 3nen we frnd, that / utomen make tend to judging what people I girls are bette! at more are money over the long telms when they invest in the stock market. We a.lsoturd that amenI uomen are more likely to have an accident while driving, despitebeingmore ableto see detailat a distance. I t I I t T I l I I I L-------r---J I I I I I b O watchthe video.Thenworkin pairsandanswer the questions. 1 Whatdoestheexperiment with to(dletsprove? what doestheexperiment w;thmonleysprove? Whymightmalesbeattradedto vehictes ljke helicopters andcars? Whatdoesthe presenter conclude aboutt he nature-nurtute de bate? T I I 3 T Before'15 months, boysandgirlsdon'tshowa preference for particutar toys. Thefirstexperiment withtoddlers isdesigned to testthe natureargument. Thevolunteers aretrickedintobeUeving thetoddlers are the opposite sex. Thefirstexperiment showsthat nurtureis probabt important. Thesecond experiment isnewandsurprising. Dr Hineschosemonkeys because shecoutdn'tfindthe rightkindof chitdren. Dr Hinesfoundthat bothmateandfemalemonkeys weremorelikelyto ptaywith ca6,trucksandsoon. ThecLassic sc ientifc viewisstil[supported by recent research. I I T I I I I I b Goontinetocheckyouranswers or askyourteacher. Searchr boysveBusgirlsspatialskills / judgingfeelings women / menversus stockmarket/ drivinS accidents Watchthevid€o againandtickthethreesentences that aretrue,Correctth€ false sentences. 4' Workin pairs.Wereyou surprised bythe outcomeofthe experim€nt?Wha are t yourviewsonthe naturc-nurture debatein termsofchildrenandtoys? 'iilliilliitf riifrlilf Vocabulary i"ii.rll.i ilttr Ltlrl'L.tr'ii.,t 'l in A tekepartin the eventsin B? Whichof the peopLe Delegatesand speakers attendconferences. acqua ntances busine5s associates cIients a btinddate a business meeting a ceteDralon meat ex-cLassrnates friends guests i dating website a o nnerpafty a familyget together ar online forum party a housewarmrng a schooIreunion a summit ca[[ a conference site a socialnetworking poIiticalteaders speakers reEtves peopte lookingfor a partner strangers 2 in exercise 1. Matchthe v€rbsbelowto the waysof meeting . havea business meefing... . attend . use . make ! go on I thatyou have 3a Choose threewaysof meetingfromexercise notes on the topics below. experienced recentLy.l4ake ' whenandwhereit wash-"ld . whowasthefe . whetheryou it enjoyed eachevent,but b Workin groups. Taketurnsto brieftydescribe mustguess. don'tsaywhatit was.Theotherstudents Reading andspeaking work in groupsanddiscuss beLow. the questions . Howimportant aretheseth ngsin yourinteractlon wth otherpeople: yourpnone soclalnetworking sites otherformsof onIne cornraun]cation? . n whatwaysdo you usethem? ' Havethesethingsjmproved yoursociatllfe?Why/ Why not? Readthe introductionto the articLe.Pfedictwhat the ]. writerwil[ sayaboutthe questions in exercise 3a Readthe articLeand checkyour answers. 'We may have 750 frien work in pairsandsummarise how communication mediaaffectsthe topic betow. ' the a!thor'saailyfouline ' sociaIevents andgigs l]kedinnerpartles ' hlsretatonships wlth hlsfrlends andgiflfriend Findthe wordsor sentencesin the artictethattel[ you the thingsbeLow. -l'par 1 o .o^dr' o(Ftoh<pforedldt.pLop. (para. rJ My phone and laptop are within conslant touching distance. 2 He receiv€s newsfrornh s friends on[]ne throughoLi 2) the day.(para. .ro - or,"a*.(pa-r.2) 3-le " " c . lo L. e l - " 4 He is not the onlyperson who feelslonelyin this way.(pafa.3) 5 Hisphonels not helpingh s relatonshipwlth h s (para.3) friends. 6 t's not easyfor hisgirtfrlend to get hlsattentlon. (para.4) 7 Hetalksto fr endsonllnewhenheshouldbe (para.5) working. 8 Hlsfrlendi d not concentrate fLrlly whenhewas play.(para.6) watchlngRihanna 9 Heandhlsfriends can'tglveup socaIrnedla. (para.7J work in groups.Readthe factsat the end of the articteand discussthe questions. ' Doyou knowanyonewho is I kethe althor of the article? ' Doyou recognlse in anyof the thingshe describes yourown liie? ' W h a t a d v i c e w o u l d ygov ue t o t h ea u t h oaf n d peopletikehlm? . Doyou thlnksocat networking feel makespeopte anxlous andinadeqLrate? ' D o r o ' I r l , o ' 8 P " o P ll"o d a ,r r " o r e l e l l o theywere n the past?Why/Whynot? Hespendshis lifeemailing, texting andtweeting.So why doesAndy Jonesfeelso isolated? 1 Whateverl'rndo ng whereverI am, r'l i€ll youaboli t. \,4/p' on€ a drl 'aptopc'e {i]a- corsld-' 'ou hi q d l i c - c e w h e t h e . I ne " i . g . d . n ( n g . I e ! h o { e d , d gigorwalchinglhe foolbal.Beforc| qet up everymomng, lcheckmy ernai,rnytextsand myTwinerfeed.By the I me l ' v eg o to u t o f r l r es h o w e rt s t i r n e r o d ot a g a l n . lrom any oi ihe 2 lhav€ a constanldrp"dripoi nformation 750 onlinefrends and iollowersthal lassocialewth.Yet lhave neverfeLloneler.Howdoesa 28-yearoldrnangei llkethis?lam a ralionalproiessionamanwth a beauliiul girliriendand long-slanding nrates. l a m n o l a l o n ei n l e e n g l i k ea n i s a n d . I na r c c e nsl u r v e y oiyoungpeople,60perceft saidtheyfoundil dfUculllo makelriends in rcal fe comparedwith on ne.Im way beyondbeingan awkwardteen,bul I am w red !p mosl oi llre day,as are rnostot rnyiriends.I go 1opan es pubs and dinners,but lam ihereony in spirit.Farirornbfnging me closerlopeople,my phonedrivesrneiurtheraway. lcan tellyou how manyfo owerslhave on Twitter, bul cannoirememberiheasiiime lsaw my housernatesirom Socalnelworkingand lhe internethas rnademe need to scrolthrolgh somelhng constanly. l'll be due at the p u ba t 9 p . m . A 8 t 5 0 p . m .L ' l l s i lb e s t l n g o n n r yb e d thrmbingonljne.Theni's 9:30,ihen il's closingtimeand l'm sijllin rnyllai Aone in ihe dark,ldownloadalbums, thenanolher,blrl barelylsten to lhemilhe ihr is Looking Whenmy forlhingsio stenio ralherthanlhe lisl€ning. long suiferng girlJriend comesroufd she has io priseme irom my phoneor lhe lnternet.Themomenlshe'sgone, my mindwanlsthe hyperaclivity thai the nterneland socal neiworkingpfovide. Listening andvocabulary ,,.,fliI lr,r itr,t\i:ii tjrl 1a Workin pairsanddiscuss the questions. . Howpopu[ar ar€ online dating websites inyoLrr country? . Doyouthinkpeopte whousethemarealways honest aboutthernselves? b Lookat theonlinedatingprofitebelow.Canyou guesswhichinformation is a lieor anexaggeration? Age: 27 Height: 175 cm Blinddntr flrsuh Pln'tct'. 2(r. libralian. rnects \rcb desieler,Josh Franlis. J8 Ursula on Josh Hapes before the date? JohnnyDeppor ColinFarrell. lle'sneitherof First impressians? p e L ! ,L 5 ' e d o J t a . d - - e t e " t i 1 gt,w d - l o p - g he'd be wedringa suit, bllt he wasn't,His ollit Body shape: athletic Job: filrndirector About me: lL_ ard vely-na1.\ot rlo qL et r qfrs rn,and neverborlng lvlyPAca ls me a'partyanimal'. Fondol hangingolt with nry mates- someof them arece ebrUes.Keenon skydvingandparaglidlng. Lookingtor: A parinerln,crimeto join me on an advent!re.14ust be 20 25 yearsold,tall,blonde, chi ed out andready!o fa ln ovel Z 0 | 5.2Listento someinformation aboutontine datingandanswerthequestions. 1 Whatdo menandwomentendto lieaboutin theif profite? 2 Whatarethe ctuesthata profi[eis not acc!rate? 3 Whatarethe arguments ln favourof tying? 3 Listenagainand compLete the idiomsin botdbelow. Canyou guesstheir meaning? Themenhope,presurnably, thatwomenwillfalt hopeLessty in _with themon the firstdate... Soifyou wantto knowwhether a profi[e thatyo! are readingls mostlylies,keepan out fo. thfeethings. Thesecanbe a slgnthat soraeone ls being with the truth. Mostonlinedatersknowthattheyhaveto take whattheyreadwith a pinchof Telllng littte_ liesonlnecan positive benefit. 6 t's bestnot to stretch the _ 4 Work in pairsand discussthe questions. . Whatarethe advaniages anddisadvartages of ontinedatingwebsites? . Hasanyoneyou knoweverlsed one?Whatwere hls/herexperiences? Remind you of anyone? N,lyfathen Conversatian tapics? Our education,careergoals/favouritefilms, blah,blah, blah.Slandardfirst date conveTsations. Awkward moments? Therewas a very embarrasslng incldentwhen a bit of the obsterhe was eating andedon my Similaritiesbetween you? Neitherof us are motivatedby money. I thlnk that'sa goodthlng. Marks out of ten? l' be generolsand give hrm a six, Anather meeting? Probabiynot. Language focus2 l,tr:li ,l r:: :iI i titI I iiri1 r]i :riririi .iii i)rfl)i1jl Workin pairs.Readtheartic{eaboutUrsulaand btinddateanddiscuss. Whatdoesthearticte Josh's describe? what doesUrsuLa thinkofJosh? 2a 0 | 5.3loshisbeinginterviewed abouthisopinion ofthe date.Listenandmakenoteson hisanswers. Whoiskinderandwhoiscruet(er aboutthe other, lJrsuLa orJosh? b Listenagainandwrite the questionsthat the journaListasked. Cauldyou tell ne what yoLl were loaking far? **N*\.\lW;tltiiiW*N,**t Plana fantasydinnerparty sldlr,= ,6u Kla $ z.AN\ PbP ,l /d t $ Preparation t,iliil.$] utirliil I I YouaregoingtopLan a fantasydinner partywith two oth€r students. Readth6 information. Whichaspects of pLanning do you thinkwittbemostdifficutt? Z 0 l' 5.6Listento sixpeoptetalkingabout whotheywoutdinviteto dinner.Foreach suggested guest,makenotesonthe topics beLow. . reasors forinviting him/her . suitable subjects of conversation . questlons to askorthings to say 3a Listenagainandtickthe phrases in sectiona oftheUsefultanguage boxthatyouhear. I b Whosesuggestion doyouLikebest? i. '" { l l e uosrad 0 1 3 ) l l p , o l y a ! 1 s plnoLls ar'L\ )lurrlll " ,o D€fqns.Ltlplo^P/arnPo4tl ''' !o6snr5rp foqe puE 3u 1s.r€luttu3ê aêq^lqeqordll$ ' ' ' q l L N l l s û\o1 e 3 1 I M " :iurq10,uoP) , 3 1 1 ^ u t o r B u (r rooBu ) i r€ Ml € r t 1 . a r ;IPe . M o C 'p s p p o o Be s , l ) r L q r( ] , u o p ) r a l h u t o l ruau.ar;e tulqteat q '' 1noqeqrn]1awlnoPu, o13uzeue3q Plnoall l q s r € q ! \ r alqs e o l i ^ o l P , ! " 3 q s^ q a / l n o q q Pu L q e _ raq)isP lnoqe Plnotr _ 1lroq€!.rrqolllel2se P, '" leau or p.rueMsê^le.^ | 'au P4e!DsPlsÊMl€s,lPql.uo3trlost,ll '" srlull ussoqra^, uos€3r.rl1 suolrs.t3nsrno^ ;u!u!eFx! e aresF.nS raqlo aql oqi . req/urq alrûl01lueMno,{,(tlM . 5l luaâ eql leqi Pueare no^ oqM ' 'r\olaq srldol aqlepnl)ui uollpllûLo j€l]31 e al!r/v\ pupsFonSrued rauulP^seuPrrno^,o auo asooql Su111.r6X dn ry1611e1 2puatleot a)lllsou.]no{ Plnol^^!ed louurPosoqy' . Zuor$aBBns oqi . pue3uLlsaratut lsour.ql ePPur leurBlro aray' . auoueqla:ouu{q uesoqrslsenB,(uP 2dno-r8 '^ olaqsuollsenb oqtssn)slo q 'supldBupeos pupstslllsanBrnoûleldxa ol surnta)el sdnor8reqlouror]sraPntsqtu!\l]olv\ e€ q PuPe o8PnBuel lnlasn < 'slsen8rno,()se ol lue,v\no^ teqlsuo!$3nb pue'P!o Polls3q areleql oldol 's:!dol uollela,ruor pooS,o Fll p eleN upldBulleesP uo ePlrac q 'lslt lsen8 e uo earBeol.&l puP eZ suolFaSSnsrnoâredLuol aarqtJosdnolSu!)loi e.SPnBuPtInlosn < 'Paauno^ ûero}raq)ealrnoxlsv suo!}sa88ns sassqd/spro,{ rnol(/qtlsnlpueuteldx€ol r{oqlnoqe)u!ql q 'z 6s!rr3xau! slldol aL{luosalou a)el a)ualaleld}o iaPlo uluaql$d '1sa88ns ol qsen8 a^!j ro lutql ^llenP!^lPul)rolt eL SupXeod5 1se1 7 I Speaking I ?; Writing Dealingwith problemson the telephone Typesof message Workin groups. Discuss the questions below. ' Doyouenjoychattingon thephoneor doyou preferto keepyourcaLls shortandto the point? . Haveyouevergot annoyed or frustrated when makinga phonecall?Why? 2 la Lookat messages A-Eon page55andmatchthem to descriptions 1-5 below. 1 anernailgivingdetailsof travelarrangements fora business trip a noteto a famitymernber or flatmate a notepushed undersomeone's door aninformalemailto a friend a text message to a friend ' hd 5.7Listentothr€e t€Lephone conversations. Answeathe questions belowfor eachconversation. 1 Whoisspeaking to who? 2 Whatprobtem occufs? 3 Howdoestheconversation en d? 3a Listenagainandcomplete the sentences. Putmessages A-Ein the orderthattheyweresent. 18...5D c Comptete messages A-Ewith the phrases in the box. 1 Thanks for _ backto me. l_amessage_. Couldyouspeak_ a bit,ptease? Yourvoiceis Bythe way, We rebothrealLydetighted foryou!l Hopeyouhada gooddayatwork l'll beout of the officetomorfow (Fri) Please bemoreconsideraie infutur€ Can'twaitto seeu bothl you're_ 4 Sorry, up. 5 Cal ljust_your naneard pledse? l'llhaveto _you to another department. 7 lf you'ltjust me... _with I It's_youf ftights to lstanbulnext week. A ml - a t a b a dt i m e ? 10 bea timeto ca[[? b Lookat audioscript5.7on page172andunderline otherusefulphrases for t€lephoning c r00r5.8Listentothe sentences inexercise 3aand pradisesayingthem. 4 Workin pairs.Turnto page129andusethe prcmpts to prepare andpractise aconversation, Canyoulet m€ knowiftheseflightssuitASAP? Bestwishes, 2 Readmessages A-Eagain.Findat Least oneexample of the features betowWhichmessage isformal? 1 wordsbeingmissed outto makethe message shor|er 2 capitallettersandexcLamation marl6for extra emphasis 3 simplified'incorred' spettings 4 useof abbreviations '&l Whatinventions ftavehadthegreatest impactonth€ uraywelive?Mostpeoplewoutdmentionthe wh€et, the printingpress, theintemet.andsoon.Butpause for a momentafld consider thefoltowinqfivecontendeF. lh€y shape ourlivesin wa!'syoumayneverhavethoughtof! Standard time I N T H I SU N I T 0(, sotime hasatwaysexisted,but'standard tjme'hasn't.Imagine theworLdioday ifourctocksweren'tsynchronised.In the 18thand19thcenturies, townsaroundth{ worldusediheirownLocattime, whichwasdifturentfromtownto town.Thismeant that a inin couLd arriveinonetownbeforeir hadofficiatLy teftihe previouson€!In England, forexampte, itwasn't untit 1880that a tawwaspassed creatjrga'ttandar time" forthewhotecountry.Timezonesacrossthewortdwereoniysiandardis€d atl beginningofthe 20thcenturyr_. TheLastco!niryt0 adoptinternat time zoneswasNepal,in 1986. xunnrngwater Around4000 yearsagoon the GreekisLand of Crete,a paLace wasbuiLtwjth hot ard cotdrunnjngwat€rthatftowed fron tapsnadeofsitverandgotd.ThepalaceaLso housed thefirst knownflushinqtoitet.Asrecentty asthe earLy 2othceniury,howev mosthousesin[uropedidn't havetheirowntojLetorrunnjngwateLOneortwotojL wouldbesharcdbya whotestreet,andwatercamefroma coftmunatpump.Diseas andpoorpeBonathygjeneoere commoi.Thesedays,wefeeLit is onlynaturalrotat showers,ftushourtojtetsandwaterourgard€ns.WhiL€z, caused its ownprobtems, with eventhe UKfrequentty findjngitselfin dangerofrun Thetightbutb Whenthe electdciight bubnrst appeared in the 19thcentury,itcamewjth a warni sjgnto bep{aced on thewattnexttothe buLb:"Donot attemptto tiqhtwjih a maich Now,perhaps morethananyorherobjectinour tives,vvetakeitfor ganted.Lightbr ittumjnat€ourcihesandroadsat night,r_ andtheyenabteusto do m n o r ew i t ho u _h e et i m e . l m a g i nyeo u re v e n i n gwsi r h o u r e r c c t lai gc r- , 1 Reading andspeaking la Workin pai15 anddiscuss.What do youthinkhavebeenthe most importantfive inventionsofthe last 200 years? b Lookat the photosand the headingsin the articieabove.What impactdo you thinkeachinvention hashad? Readthe articLeand checkyouranswers.Work in pairsandanswer the questions abouteachinvention. 1 Whenvvasit invented? 2 Whatproblemdid t sotv-"? Europeons lrovelo theAmericos inveniion ol lhewheel invenlion ol lhe prifling press Discoverylhol lhe Eorlhrololes round Buildlng ol roiwoys ondsTeom ships Listening Language focus1 inxF(rr*;xyit d6te$ Pertect tonsF-s Howdoyousaythe datesin the box? Whatapproximate datesdothe othertime expressions referto? 5000Bc 3200BC I600 1850 the 1860s 2050 the 7th centuryAD 1a Workin pairs.CompLete sentences 1-5 with anappropriate dateor timephrase fromexercise 1 above. Usethetimetine to hetPyou. 1 By-, people ln ancient Mesopotam ia,rad/ have/ will havelnvenrca thewheetbutthey,adr't / haven't/ won'thavelearnthowto write. 2 By.............- , Europeans had / have/ will have discovered howthe solarsystemworks,buttheyradr't / haven't/won'thavear i\,ecin AJsrra. a 3 By-, thesteamengine, railways andeven the firstcombustion had/ have/ wil[havebeen engine invented, butscientists stlllhadn't/ heven't/ won'thave discovered that bacteria causes diseasesl 4 Today,at , \\e had / have/ will havelanded onthemoonandinvented theinternet, butwestitlhadr?/ haven't/ won'thavefaunda cureforthecommoncotdl 5 Scientists believe thatwithin_, weradl have/ willhavesenta manned mission to Marsandfound a curefor manyserious illnesses, butweprobablyradr?/ haven't/ won'thavelearnthowto controltheweather. the 17thcentury the mid16thcentury the tate18thcentury the nextdecade or so within30yea|s the beginning of the 21stcent'rry Workin pairs.Lookat thetimelineof humanachievements, pastandfuture,Say approximately wheneachhappened/witl happen, usingthe phrases in exercise 1. Theinrcntianaf the wheelhappenedin about95AABC 3a Lookat the pastandfuturcachievements belowTryto matchthemto boxesa-f on thetimeline. 1 the discovery that bacteria causediseases 2 a cureforthecomrnon cold 3 theinvention of writing 4 humancontrolof extreme weatherevents, likehurricanes 5 thefirstmanned missiorto Mars 6 thearrivaIof Europears inAustralia b 6i 6.t Listenandcheckyour answers. 4 Listenagainandmakenotesaboutwhat elseyouLearnt.Work in pairsandcompare invenlion of intenol c0mbusl0n engine b Choose the correctv€rb formsinsentences 1-5. 1 Findan exampLe in ex€rcke 1b ofthe Pastperfect,the Present perfectandthe Futureperfect. How is eachtenseformed? 2 look at the timetineandthe sentences in exercise1b.Choose the corect answersinthe rutesbelowandfind an exdmpLeof 1 We lse the Pastperfecttodescribe eventire&/e /rta particulartinre in the past2 We usethePresent perfectto describe events'belo/erlow / atthe presentnoment. 3 We usethe Futurepe ect to describe eventsretore / at a particular time in the fuiure. study1,page1,16 I Read :.::" . ,.:::t, . . t iiii'tt:i I it ii lri;:l:illii:iit, ( rre s e n ta n r o e aT o r a TV programme ZooTq one the country! leading Tv prcduction companres,$ making a new series ofshort programmes called f,'r e Top 50 human achievemenls Membels of the public are ifllrted to nominate topics ior lhe progmmmes by submilting a tlEee_minute video presentation, maLing the case for their choice Preparation 1 Readthe advertabout aTV seriesthat is beingplanned.summarisein your own words whatthe conceptis. The Tv company will select the best 50 nominations and use each presentationas ihe basis Ior a tenminute film. Tile films will be shown every weekday el€ninq for ten weeks aIld at the end, the public will vote for their favou te human achievement. 2a work in groups.Matchthe achievement\ betowto the suggestedcategorieson the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 :::l:tii 4:! the inventon of the micfochiP of the py|amlds the buitding Candhi of Mahatma the leadershiP Artarctic the storyof Scottof the the novelsofTolstoy rhecdreeo DFI; the muslcof BobDylan Spietbe€ the fitns of Steven the Theoryof Evoution the riShtto voteior women Visit our website for more in{ormation and grddelines. forthe categories Thinkofother exampLe5 on the website.Thencomparelistswith the class. 3a fi s.l Listento five peoptepresentingan andmakenotes ideaforthe programme aboutthe pointsbetow. . tne sLrDJect . the categoryof achievement . the argumentsn ravouf '):t)tt!tui/t,!itittr!:jititri! tlati : Task r I forthery a nomination Youaregoingto present the foltowing bearing programme. Firstchoosea topic, in mind. . Thetopicsho!ldinterest also you,butshoutd andlnsplre yoLrf classmates, whow]llvoteat theendfor appeatto te achievement. theirfavour . fyoucannot a topc canchoose thlnkof anything,yo! mentioned n thlsunit. already 2 research factsontine. lrepare whatyouwilLsay.lfpossible, yourteacherfor any Makenotesaboutthe pointsbetowAsk you need, words/phrases . thebackground to thlsachlevernent . whathappened . theinfluence/impact it hashaa ' whyyolrflndit nterestng/arnazlng Listenagainandtickthe phrasesfrom the boxyou hear Usefultanguage 4 Work in groupsand discussthe questions. ' Doyolr agreewlth what the sPeakers say? to the you more arguments Can addany onestheygive? . Whichachieverrents do you findmost amazing? > Uselut language a-c Language focus2 Moreaboutthe Fresentrrerfect sinrpleandcontinuous 1 a completethewortdrecordsin the factfile with the phrases in the box. didit in nineminutes 'la He'slandedsuccessfully andbroken theworld recordfor basejumping. b le'sbeerlandnBsuccess'rl{y andbreal:ng the worldrecordfor basejumping. wascarrying300 kilosatthe time ',Dtn U N U S U A LW O B L D zooo,ngrisKazelniks ran20metresin 1 1.40seconds.He sietasseta newworldrecordwhen heswam200metres. Tom..- LTom eaOOyOoytecompleted1,868pressups in onehourin 1993.He ... , tnzoo+,sonyaThomas ate5 kilosof ;.]D tnzoto,enorewDahtinftated 23 inthreeminutes. He... b Turnto page128andcheckyouranswers. Whichrecorddoyouthinkisthe most impressive/dangero!s/ridiculous? 2a He'sheaded the balt2,377timeswithoutdropping it. it. b He'sbeenheading thebatl2,377timeswithoutdropping gfownherhairsince'1973. 3a She's b she'sbeengrowingherhairsince1973. 2 Lookat pictures1-5 onthe ght of more peoplewhoar€ attemptingor hotdunusual worLdrecords.choose thesentence which bestdescribes eachpicture. la Matchth€ sent€nce!ln €xercise? with the 1 lf an actionhappens in a momentandis perfect comptete, we usethePresent simple I .ontinuous. 2 lfan actionis not finish€d,we usethe Presentpefect s/mple / cont ruous. 3 lf we wantto emphasise that an actionhas we use lastedfor a longtimeor k repeated, the Presentperfectrinpie / corfinrors. 4 Howeverif we sayhow manytimes someonedidsomethin&we alwaysusethe Presentperfectiimple / .orft ooas. s Lfwe aredescribing a state(usingverbslike be,krow, etc.)weusuatlyusethe kesent pede.t sinple I continuous. b Choosethe corect answeBto compl€te the study2,page147 ) Read 4a He'sbeena gardener for 90years. b He'sbeenbeinsa sardener for 90vears. I I Findoutfirst View 1 a Workin pairs.Lookat the tistof Britishheroes below. whichhaveyouheardof? Doyouknow whattheyarefamousfor? . wilIiamShakespeare . JOnn Lennon . Diana, Princess oi Wales . SirWinston Churchill . lsambard Brunel Kingdorn 3a Youaregoingto watcha videoaboutlsambar i5oftenthoughtot as Brunel,who Kingdom Lookatthe photosandread anunsunghero. the statementsbelow.Tryto guessthe correct 1 Hismostfamousworkisthe clilton BridgeI TheCrcatEasten shiP/ Suspension Paddingtonstation.' to be mlstake isconsidered 2 Hisgreatest the Clifton suspensionBridgeI TheGrcat Eastenship I PaddingtonStation. 3 Hediedat the ageof53 / 73/ 93. BtidgeI TheGrcat 4 TheCWon Suspension Easte shipI PaddingtonStatio, wa> fiveyea$afterhediedasa completed tributeto him. 1awith Tryto matchth€ peoplefromexercise beLow. the sentences He/she... andpopstar. 1 wasa songwriter 2 ledBritainduringtheSecondWorldWat etc. stations s ,hips, 3 designed andbuittbridges 4 wroteplaysandsonnets, numefous charities 5 supported or askyour to checkyouranswers GoonLine teacher. / s€arch:Wittiam shakespeare / lohnLennon / ofWales /winstonChurchiLL DlanaPincess Kingdom BruneL lsarnbard 2 in the top ten tist Thepeoptein 1aappeared Britons.In whatorderdoyoof'100Createst thinkthevcamein the list? b O watchthevideoandcheckyouranswers. 4 workin pairu watchthe videoagain.Then p€oPle and ofthe €xptain the significance and numbers below. 200yearsago photograPllers JohnScottRussell djrectors the company sixmen 38 passengers 53yearsotd 'greatest mistake'such WhywasBruneL's a failure?canyouthinkof anyothergreat mistakes famouspeoplehavemade? fl.),.$il Speaking andvocabulary "l Lookat thephoto. Whatkindof eventdoyouthinkir is?Thinkof fiveothereventsthat drawLarEe crowdslikethis. Lookat newsextracts1-8 betow.Checkthemeaningofthe words in botd-Do the the wordsin botdretateto: - €vents peopte - actlvities things? Canyou think of any other wordsrelatedto thesecategories? I 'l'he 2 Hunarcds ofsupport€rsclrpped,cheeredandwavedtlags asihe team$ent paston theirvictory parsde. 3 li.e morchers u';ereaorrr r! plocqrds aTra bqnnels ac r]r l-r a,--ier [o! demonstration was lsg.ly peaceftl wilh protestors campaigning for an end to poverty. When the ministeraddressedfhe croryd. a iew people booed. 5 The cfowd al tlie festival $'€nt wild rtro tlie finar ao caoe or. A 5'n.rariai.rp ri proleslols ffcra..ri,rc,.ti-,tclqshedwitht,c a,. 7 Thecarnivalwasrrulyspectacular withsonanyfloats and peoplc $,eafjngcostumes. The stndiuD is usualiy a vcnue lor outdoor conc€rrs arxi sportnrg evenls, but )csterday the cro\rd were there to celebrate the ncw )€ar. Workin pairsanddiscuss. What'sthe biggestprotestor celebration thatyouhavebeento or seenonTV? _rePuole) urllsnhsql JoqluoL!Lllulu aql urareldsa)P1l 'uaPplqrojere8u!lu!rppue 8ultEaalurv(ep'uppeure! jo le^llso]aql Sulnc a 'qnl) leDoselsrneuon€oLll dnor8urlq qt ^ sO66L oql urauet leuolteuratul lsru Puno]{leuq aH s0€6!aqt urSurprorer slqopeLu oPunBeS êdluof ra8u!sueqnl S 'PFo^\ eql ulseareueqrnFeSrel€qlJo3uosrl Purql ul^lD uôu)-alulp slSulnb8uoql $o^ -qtnos t 'adornl uruorDe.4le lsunolrelndodDoureql slll funlua) q15Laqlullltnqse,\\ ulreEzP€ lnquelsl PuerDaql € '(lolsrqurpueqraLlp{ue ueql spro)or eroLuplosereq(eq1 g76LurdnlrtdsseFEe€aql Z aetd sa]e|qtq^'leuu andealsuotdueq) Vfin aql .PiroM eq] ul aql srll IeN luoâ3u!!odslenuuepaqrleM-$our u! areldse)ElleuUenBeelsuoldurpqlVlln eql L 'PloqursPro/\^ aql qvt\ l.lels 3snq,3 llelar Sulugap-uou eBulsnmopq$)ueluesaql3ulqLuof Z 's€snql €^!lelarBulsn leded jo 3).ld eql uo sra/u\sue 6qlFoqe suollsenb rno^ /!1oqssrledullro/( l )se ol surnl aIeI sra/v\sue 'reoeojo i]old e uo.iaprouropuprulsle/vlsuprnorol!.il q 6fL.3ed'17^pnrspes!e lsEuuo) sp3.uBsnEP.^rel.rro ad^l't)rql € (asnep3^tlelarButuD.p-uou e srstql) zetru.1u.s 3qr ut uotlpurrolr'l,ellrc, sa^t8ptoqutasnq) q)!q/ Z (isn€p a^Flor Sutuuapp ststq! 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'€tdoad p,f o-o ol3rl uo! iu aerqtpunore paper e,-q aq] Joauos ree^ tue,a lsalord . _-, et6uts 3^f s,rea /\ 0N ]se6rej aqt re^1 eqtlsutebe6ulu6€durec z'qcBog€ueqecedoo aJaM seÂ€nuaêLlI llzEl8 sroisalord.pto^ aql punore lle 'or6uef 6p olu ul ue.r,@ t00z tuetuq€lq19tuo ecetd uEêls pou e )oot tuotslqursellerre^ _Jlue pateurprooc Lt66l raqL€caolslc ]sa6rEtaq-L uo les sel proser^ auv u3A3ls3Loud IS3C9ts ]HL AUOLSIHNl lUfCNOa rsSe9lsfnr zo Blua q WESAWHISTORY IN THEMAKING Fffi?'? 2 THESUMMER OFLOVE 1 THEWALL STREEICRASI{ I :.. A I' THEtrAIROW] I.IARCH Duringthe 1960s, rebettion againstthe establishmentgrewin manypartsof thewortd, fromthellnitedStales io Czechostova kia, peopte Young beqan to adoptan aLtemative iifeswLechaiactensd by ctotlres, andto protest against 0dThurday24th october 1929,attheNewYork StockExchange onWatt s t r e e t! h , e u n i h i n k a b t e h a p pIenn oe nd e .d a y1,i m j t t i osnh a r e s c h a n s e d goverrments, sdchasthe hands* pricescotlapsed andthedream ofweatthwastransfomed into theijslrtmareof pov{ty.TheWattSbeetCGsh tedio a periodof thousandsofyoungpeopte,, unempLoymenl homete$n€s andhunqsattoverthe wortd.h the nexr gathercdintheHajsht-Ashbufy )i fewyea6,miltiods peopte's ofordinary Livsweredestroyed. neiqhbourhoodof sanFranciscoir ov€r5,000kma,ray, in theship-building townofJarowinth€ north to promotepeace, happiness I eastofEngtand, unempLoymentanors skitted wo{ingmenreached andtoveiiwhatbecam€ known l 65percentasa resuLtof the'creatDepresjon'thatfoLtowedtheWatt astheSumnrer oftove'. fiusic StreetCrash. h 0ctober 1936,207 menfromJatroweetbutonfoot. poetryreadjn9s, fesnvab, to march the480kmto London asa'protestagainststarvation , speeches andtheatre events 'fLouerpower',Howevs, TheJarowmarchets wereqheered andgivedfoodin ry€rytown cetebrat€d byoctober1962ryentrhadtakenan theypassed through, butwhentlr€y reached partjament, nothing L d a q . t t L r a , n F r d d r - qq b u , p i .aca n n a!lo, o .o v e .I n p a d so o . e f o a. e F .I " r e r w ee q i v p fn e a r 't o r. a e ii , o i organis€rc hetda'funer:land buntaoffin hbe[ed'summer of Lov€,. Reading andspeaking 4a MatchcommentsA-E on page69 to evants1-4. One event hastwo comments, 1a Workin groups. Lookat the photosandtittesand makea tistofanythingyouknowabouttheevents. canyouguesswhichevenr(s)the wordsberow relateto? the StockExchange the campaignfor Btackrights an alternativelifestyle 2a Readaboutevents t-4 aboveand checkyour ideas. Work in pairsanddiscussthe questions. ' . ' . 3 Whenandwhefedidtheseeventshappen? Weretheseeventsce[ebrations or protests? \ ^L ) ^ " " t 1 e p d n c i D a n l ' ( e . e o - d r : - g pg- o : t". Wereothercountriesaffected? Work in pairsand discuss.What do you think it was like to experience theseeventsat the time? Thinkof threewordsto describ€eachevent. What feelings of atmosphere doeseachperson describe? 5 Readthe texts and commentsagain.Are the statementsbetowprobablytrue (T) or probabLy fatse (F)?Underlinethe wordsthat tettyou. Events 1 ln 1929,people didnt belleve thatthe stock narket couldcollapse. 2 Ordinarypeople sympathised morewith th€ thanthe government did. JarrowMarchers 3 Theorgarlsers of the 'Sumnerof Love'thought r was a coTnptete 5uccess. 4 TheEastCermangoyeTnment wasmor€ oTless fofcedto openits borders. 5 Obarnaonlyjustwon the 2008presidentlal e[ect]on. Comments 6 Theclosure of the shipyards in ]arrowfetttiKe a ceathsentence to the town. 7 Manyolderpeoplein thel960swereshocked by the way h ppiesdressed. 8 People in the foffirerEastCermany dld not tfustthe governrnent. 9 BeioreObama's peopledld not electionbLack betieve that topjobswefeopento then. . l ' l l l i .dauou Sururnq,{uourerece ua e seulteuros 'sl€au!aa,g'saroF aa{ are,r{a'reql se,r!dtalcos ea4 E }€qrl^ 'sEr ulop?e{ teqi SuFoldxa era./\^ ar'.\'Sul.q ra^3 Jo ruoq ul,,ea{,,lnd el\ "' peluer\ no,{ ra eaoq sserpplnoc nol esnecaq learls aql uo pareaddBrapeJeqr Jo puFI ^re g elqrssodse^r3u l{ue allll peuaas tl ri.\ it. ., r,rr ; itLi \ rt|L !1,,\ i r,"llL1 flr i ,,r I , u ra131v alrluDn.:; . , t r r t i : L r ! : , r . i L . r ' t ri , , . ' t , ' ' , , , , , , "t , , , . 1 i r \ ! i r r r n i i r . ii , r r ' r ' i r \ : i , , , L l , i , ,r .i it L ; :i l , r i i \ r i i, , i : l i \ Li L r L " , l ,\i i\li) s?4qs aoJ t ij,\rir,,r,r,\, i (ti,.ir.i,\ I ir\(rr,,rfi,L\ir.iiiii , i t , , i r tL rr i r r i r r I ' i 1 , 1 r r , r \ r 1 \r : . L l 1 L r ( 1i j J r i \ r L \ i ' : I r i r r ! "\ i .r , j L i iL i , r t f \ t t r t L , L . i I i t L i r L , ;, r ' r . r ! i \ ' r i ' l :i Ll l r . r . r r L i ! : 1 , 1r,:,r,i r L r i : r :LLr L , i r L r i l f r \ r l r r : L L r tr ' , L r t L r , r , ,i ;. ., i, , 1i , i r i r i N i r , ' , l , ti it i : r \ i , , : r L ! ' r , r r i , r' i , r , , , \ l i L 1 \ 1 \ \ i l i l \ ' 1r \ r i , ! I r , . -t r i i\ i t r r rL, , Ll \ \ ii i r , ' .\ \ ,' r' . . l i . i , , i i i ! , , i . . r , i i . i . i r L .'ose, ar{l r33uol ou q ler.lJ',,al$b tou,, dPs plnor e/r,\'!lu4l aql s€^l dls aqlpFs euoerllos s€,u IJuaprsaid er{} JI SnOl pesolJsdEryrtE sSulql aia'| asoql d\,\ lnq 'alalqJB plnor e1\1 puP s,rolsoppeq \ ur orDla ,e]\1puPsre,{rvlel e ,e l .l€qlaes uer a,r r\ ou tnq 1!uI eql q .\!\ ,qs eql r(€s auoauos rp6q ol Suql auo s.u \\\lii ,r.il],\i.,:r:irf i |,r | ,-ôfle3r3 Jo 3ulaeJ e sprt eraql reqlo qrEa Sqce.rqura sen auorfua,ra pup eldoad Jo IIrUerai slaarls eql pellcxa os plqc eql roJ elelocoqcpue sE/\Î rSuI{Er{sspl$ I aup! qlp! sn pelaerBauoauos lq8ls FJec€editue € sE1[11 sprEn6eql ol sra' og 3uF!3 pue s.Ie. rer.It Jo lno Suqle8 elar eldoed q8noql paê,r{ era,u a^\ lr paqreer ar! ueq,1^tncl 'elaqt la8 ppoc pesolc aq lq8llu ll palrroM elaM a.1\€roJaq urES€ eM 6Proq aql ol a orp pue lec eqt olq relqSnBp Suldeelsmo papunq alv|fep lxeu eql elqFsodrul paueas l! Su elvraJe,,!\ Iaql " SurssorJ Jeproqaql le aldoadSulllroqsuolslêlal uo serntrld /v!esarvruaql 'lI 6êllaq l,upFor lsnl a]1ll arntn,^q paraqLuouror aq ll M l^qt esuorteraua8 rno^ ur sluaâreqlo q)q^ )Lrql no,{op aLulla}rt puesauoqr qy' alasrno^stu€â U,{r.1,\'\ asalll]o ^!e paruauedxa €êq ot a)lI no{ plnol 2{ql lluPtodul seMlu ql no^ op slueêasaqllo qr qM lsPol/lsoLr.r 2,(q/12Butseralu /Surôurlsoru pull no,(op lunorlp asoqM . r , , 'suollsanb aql ssnrslcsdnorS ul )llol g 1 0 9 6 r^ l r e a i q u t r E u rr)€ q u t u L ! e W q t r Mu n 6 . qp e q l e q l q q b u) p e l qr o ,u E e d u oe l o u o q e u L u tanqr +y f u e uf q u a a s e h u o q r . Fs r N, o P r . r s a l , ' u e 6 ost n s o u e l s lqqr l d $ u o ) r e t q* I a A s e lou0ras+setreL0puepauodo aqflnoa saloa ^ l r L r a lsou o L t l u r uo dp e ql r p 6 1 n ou ps eu b f d u e r t e q u . p $d . aqtlFg orro4oqptnoM ' f l p a q + p a p $qLrpL u M ' I e!ir r r a E aqtleqtpatrunouueluauuoôb s ' L r p a r 4 s p e q o q n ' e u Ppqt 0r o a 6 L ] ] s o D e p u e s n o q r P u n o r e u e u r a 9 l i e l a q l ' r o q u a ^qot 6Nu o ' € r n s a r d 6 u r u F qoM r o p3laqatarerousuo|l}u Fpun rraproqrL!qtuadool ue6aq slu.uuraôb rEql pu?aor601 Aueupue^1!aql u e b a q € d o runol 1 s e l J o s a u N n o r a q t ul sr .ut n o o o r o l u o a l s o d d o t o q a a r l sa q l p e u u e ! 'uo!u0 t6ho5rourolaqlu' suro+.r6uholo+'686tuunlnEuI a t d o oudo r l r ue r a ^ O ' e l e r q q aor1 ' o 6 E ) r q l 11V&Nn{t8 tHl l0llVJ tHI € 2 r d } u u 9u L p a r a q l e 6 u o r l r ue l 0 r a l r e neD - to pMoDv 5o14spatrun .qrl0 rusp'sard !rplq } n 9 a q ra & o r a q ^ r o p h otrdaaspuP^rolstqSt to sreafoozPeraueqs PUPqo )pere€roreuas flo rea^t, ' 8 0 0 z r e q u a ^LotNt su 0 lH9tN l{Ollf,tu S,VnVSO? Vocabulary andlistening Language focus2 Spr*ilioIevc.lr't:s Quantifiers 1 2 1 a Choose the quantifierthatbestreftectswhat Workin pairsanddiscuss the questions. . Whatcanyouseein the photos? . Whicheventsdoyouassociate with? thesethings/peop[e . Haveyou beento anyeventsliketheserecenlly? Harriet,Bethany andDansaidaboutthe eventstheydescribed. Crossoutthe wordthat doesnot matchthe event.Rewriteit in the correctptace(s). costumes floats,crowds, a+rid€greeFni speciaI wedding: cake,speeches, a reception,mouTneTs, musicf€stivali presents, ad stewards, a stage, theheadline a party,guests, cards, merchandise, decoGtions engagement: hily 91!!"'i"c: : pyflfl"!i!"y:; i9199::r l:i:r:p".:tu! T"-:fi fair: oa..oons, a bridefoodstall,,oLeLes ! funeral:acoffin'a-erpnory',-ewo..5'.lowe,aralg6nent( . 3 h!1 z.zYouaregoingtohearthre€ p€opletalking aboutan eventfrom exercise 1,but the nam€ of the eventis bleeped out.Listen anddecide whicheventeachperson istatkingabout. 4 Workin pairs.Makea list of positiveor negative issues each speaker mentions.Listenagainandcheck. Harriet 1 Quiteafew of / All of my friendshadhuge weddings. 2 lhey hadoneor two / hundrcdsof guests. 3 Myfrienddidn'tknowsome/any ol the guests at herownwedding. shehadhadly any/enoughtimeto talk to herownfriends. 5 We'veinviteda/ew / load5of oldfriends. 6 We't[havea partya coupIeof /several weekslater. Bethany 7 Everyone eatsfar too muchI fat too tittle presents I Veryfew I Mostpeople exchange 9 /o; ralea l,ttle;a lot o/rardy-'o:tlêk cs. Dan 10 fhete atetoo many/ plenty of faad stalls. 11 fheteisr't enough/ ary wateravailabLe. 12 lgo to no/ary festivalcan. b fr z.l Listen andcheck. '.reuEdrno^ qll/l^suo!$0nD aqlreMsuePue)sv srledul)|lo/\ g '€tL aaeduot't JnorLuoJj Joq[loujoJ ldlJlgolpnele )ool 2sra/l,\sue noûer guol$enbaqlJoIueLUl oH sia.,\,\sue Ja!,rq ol!r/v\Pueeretqt!^lsuo!$anbz L or u.rsll t 1 0 q ez '3ur33o[ pepr]ap oqsos'tuun Suua8 se^( ofZL 'ro.irel^rl l . l . j r r l t t a r a q u r l o . l S J r [ d BLsLt 'leqloLuslqa)ll aroLU s,aq srq-laeq)lh sêsouofua^l )ulqrI rnq'raqlPl O! 'r$ouSulqlûe raquJausr p,lLlslM l,uPrI ssnelaq'ernpaloql3u!np | 6 seoP^llesl aH suosselsruuoluo âuou speolspuedsdrtlqd 8 Jo 'araqgl,no^suP rN l puruJno^ plnol I P,rol lldt ll,l ztuaLuou.r ?roM]e s,eqsallq^ Aqeqaql Je) raqlel s,uauiie)'AlaleLfuor 9 ')uleil uo SurPu€daP 'uodrreiql Luorrrd3 ol lroq Lp {lq3noi S '^pparEutl}sB uP,no^ ^lnq € ur er,e^'/(uoMl.uoc t lou 2ereurPl slqlqtlMIe snno^plnol'euresnlxl reqoDo ]sL€uo ueeôlleH 'uo!lPrlsuourap s,êPralsa^ ul )uliPlPoojl3B ol sarPld . ]lels ! lueuraloxa ! sepoods . slallot . sreds . gslou . alooxr . '^\olaqsrldoleql puesr.lJlluenbSuFl I lnoqepeqrc PooBse/rlleq/\ êspupI aqlDs3o'q ue€qeêqno^1eqlluoâupJolulql srledull.roa 'sra^r\sue ereoruof, PUEsrleour+oi I 'uleei) all o)jlll.uop / qsu/llnr+/tsour /ûe / ou.ros t/ alr t I 'eraoo )lsnu / lerlsseP / rsnL! )por/ lsoLu/ {ue / aurose)ll t.uop| / alt I t 'oslou / oredsqrnurlou / qfnurool ft! tV € lou/ro tol e slsreql'asnoq / q8noua 'uaipllqr ro' s3!lrtDPl tou / sF)reluradns / qred q8nou3 'u,^ / qBnouo / to &uald/ arearaqt ot ûr ul Z s^Pprtoq )tqnd )lsnuJ/ sle^ruref ûeL!ool / sle^l]saj rru ul L / ^ 01e alnb / Mol&a^ 3reereq] "&lunor 'tle'u/v\ol ',(l not inol'rias,rnol tnoqeue) no^sesoue as onJl,(ueLu seeleurol Aloleqsldurordaql esn el elcoeclo spuPsnoqfL llU_fvu 'Z 0SL .8ed rpnrs pea! | 'qe rsa,xuPor o3l,uoP tq 'le^qsaj fue or o: tP5 'Surppaa uMoraqresrs€n8 aqrto,(ueaou) I uptppu.tr,^Hq '3ulPP.M uMoraq1€trsinSaqlloouros /r{oqr,uptppu.4 rN et 's8ulppaMStq ppq spualrr ruro Nr (tuA)) 'stutppa^ ppq 3tq spuafr ru Jo^€r Vq 's8utppa^\3tq ppqspualrl rulo eal e etrnoe€ 'naltot to f!3td ,P 3raqlq 'srsltor qSnou:elearaq.L ez 'poolqrnu ootalee?\\q 'pool tol e31Pa/AeI lo 2aotaqs€ru. asJosdnorS .qr u..ar!q Bulue.ur ut .ru.r3Jl!p.qr 5!r€q/$ € 2(S' qpq Jo (n) unou.tqprunorunup 1)) unou.nerunol e {q p€i oIoI L aslrax€ u! sr.lrllupnb.qr V Z 'ateJ u!o, lr€r.rot .r.ll esn /\ôFqdeu prc 1 Jo aql uorj.sPlqo e ql/t1zL-L serus esetalduof L $lel qEnoue!.qrr.u € naJda :s.BDUenD llPus z Jo sparPurr./ :$rrDuenb a?jet L 'aotaq suo!r!u!l.p.Lt101 L aslraxo u!sr.ulrupnb.ql t'|>tpri ! todsproA to €lEo tt \*N*)\lwtlxiw*N*w: Presentideasfor an event r,r:rr::lirulur'\, Preparation $l.,l,iri:lirr5:1 illrr:N 1a Lookat the photos.whicheventsin the boxdothey show? dn erribilospots day ( l a r s ; c a( lo n ( e n streetparty children's entertainr.ent f ancydresscompetition the Mayor's Big Evgttt f o o df e i t v . summeriair tlad itionat dancing Whateventu/llyolrorganise? TheMayor![r g t\': ha5beenrunningfor lix years.nthattme,lo.al 'esdentshaveorganisedeventsslrchasconcerls fai15 andaft exhiblUons Thiiyeaithe mayor,rvI Workin pairsanddiscuss thequestions. . Whatarethe peoplein eachphotodoirg? . Haveyoueverbeento (ororganised) ary events likethese? charit-.s Do youhavean deniors!.hafeveni: What is the Mayor's Big Event? 2a Readthewebsiteandanswerthe questions, t! af ar.!: elenllfars orgarr.l bt o.a peope ior ..i r..: : o tf r f c r : r : A t h e m . f e ft h r ! r : s e dg o e s l o . h r r r y T l e n a rp' a .on! otorganlifg annpror.r ig:hee!.nl 1 Whatisthe MayolsBigEvent? 2 HowcanyoLrtakepartin the competition? 3 Whichideawittwinthecompetition? Vfhele does tlle event happe4? i . a nt a [ ep a . e r t h e i . r n h a a o . a p a . la s h o p F i g . e . r r- e ar)"!heEe seyou.antr nko' Readthe advicefor organisers beLow andcheckthe phrases meaningofthe in bold. 1 Consider printingftyersandputtingup posters. 2 Youcanselltickets fortheevent,chargean entrancefee or makeit free. 3 Dont ignoreeasymoneyspinnerssuchasselling Dottled water, 4 lf you'reputtingon a concertor festivaIthen you needa headlineact to attract peopleand encourage word-of-mouthadvertising. or 5 Thinkabouttakingout anad inthelocalpaper sending outa mailshot. 6 Don'tforget,if therearestaltsat yourevent,you cancharg€a feeto the stallhotdersfor taking part. Doe5eachsentence describe a meansof promotion ora wayof raisingmoney? Workin pairsanddiscuss. Whatsortofeventdo youthinkwouldhavethe bestchanceofwinning sponsorship fromthe mayor?choosefromthe eventsin ex€acise 1a,oryourownideas. Task tilXr*itftiniry 'ta Workin groupsof two orthree.YouaregoingtopLar aneventthenpresentyour ideas. Choose thetypeo: eventthat you aregoingtoplan. Discuss the questions belowandmakenotesonyour . Whatwil[bethe rnainattraction at yo!r event? . Whatotheractivities andentertainment wi[[beor . . . . Where wltlyoustage theevent? Whatwittyoudoaboutfoodanddrink? Howwi[[youpfornote the event? Whatproblems mightyouencounter andhowwliL yo! solvethoseproblems? > UsefulLanguage a ( l I aSEn8uel lnlasn. i^qi Zsarorsosr aqlpB eeplqrlq/rIu/{orno^roJalo^t,ue)no,{)p+! $.q eqtro] alo^ s!lue s eql PeuuEloll./r/\ oqEis o] suorlsenb )iseruoll€luesald lireeJoPueaql lY s . 2rolo uos,leq,\ . 8u;Fyeuupueuoltouuo.rd lra^.. lulrPPuePoo,t .Jeaq qre6 no^ roj Moleqeld(rl uolFtuosord aql uosslou3)ieh suolle rasard Jaqloaql ot uetsll puessel)aql ol uollpuasad,rnoô^:3ol surnlalel cE q .SPnBuPt tnjasn < 'alqlssodsp a lperllp se seeplrnoâ)ieuJ01 ^rl p€au nor sasuqd/spror'nr(ue.ro1.reqreal rno.( 1sy 'uoFe asardrnor( aslrerd uaqt luase/ lll,$ dnor3 eg qreo uoltellroJurjo sa)eldqllq/!\ ePpeo z Jo reqLUeLU .â eql spuoi ol oPnoÎh 3sl. 1eq/ aâuoure)eu no^ tM^ôH 1lI r€w1 asurer suolrsanbSullsv ) - psuuEld 3êqaa /uerPtqr rol ' r e l o! o $ r ! ^ | D € i o . 8 u u . p L ^ Paq $3req1 .sn€r3q r€tndod { P .q IL^ Naâslql seaP!BulNas.rdq t t 1r;dEdt€roteqt ut pe uparqd) ptnor.,^ ' _ r n qP i p a r r t e s , r rapsuorpFoqsaa sdeqr.d lslatr]13ut]tas) aa arEMo'.los Z(îuoura)pu)013uLo3 sueldtulleri e 3a Findsentenc€s in the reviewwhichmean Writing A reviewof an event 1 Workin pairsanddiscuss. Haveyou beento seeany wett-known bandsorsingersin concert? lfso,describe th€ exp€rience. lf not,whichgroup/singer wouldyouliketo see? 2a Readthe reviewandanswerth€ questions. 1 Whatdidthe reviewer [ikeaboutthe concert? 2 Whatdidn'theLike? b TickthethingsbeLowthat the reviewer describes. WhateLse doyouthinkheshouLd havedescribed? . the reason . the atmosphere forgoing . the reactions . thesongsplayed of thecrowd . howmanypeoplewerethere . the hightights . the qualityofthe performance . the negatives . thenames ofthebandmembers Coldplay 3rrn'ttheyoungesl bandon the Inusicscene. or the cooiest, but they'redcfinrtrlyoneof the besLlivcbands petfotming today.Consequently, assoon2s lk'rcwthry wcre comingto Toronlo, wh{:reI live,I booked my ticketl standng in thearcra astnight,theatrnosphere wase ectrc. Thetwowornen stUngnextto rnewerecheer ngands nging iverybadly)beforethe bandhadevencomeon stage. Andwhen theconcert finally started an hourlaterthanp anned, noone seemed to rnind.Theconcerttself rstedfor overtwo houIsard incudedsome ofther b ggest h ts,suchasVivaLaV dai lhe crowdloved themal , thoughperhaps thehighlghtfor me was'Yelow frorntheirdebutalbunrPorocluie5 5 ng ng along to thatwiththethousards of otherfansr thearena wasan unforgettable experence. Theonlyprobernfor mewasthatthetrbighitsw€renlal that theyplayed. 0uitea lot of thesongswerefrorntheI atesta bum, currcnty standngat thetopofthecharts.haven t bought this albumalthoughthink !,/as theoniypersofn thearerawho hadn't. Asa resu t, whertheconc€rt finished, fet liketd beento mybesttrlerds wedding bLrthadn't beenglvena plece of wedding cake. lt wasa greatexperience butsometh ngwasm ssinq. Nextt meCodplay arein townI deinitey goagan,but 'l make sureI knowthelratesta bumoffbyheartbeforehand andI s t a blt lurtherawayfrornthetwo wonenwlthtuneessvo cestryingto singloLrder thantheleads ngerl the sameasthe onesbetow.Whatarcthe differenc€s? 1 Theyredefinitely oneof the bestlive bandswhoareperforming today. 2 Thetwo womenwhoweresittingnextto mewerecneef ng... 3 No onewhowassittingin thearena seefired to mind4 Quitea lot of thesongswerefromtheir latestatburn, whichis currently stardingat thetop of the charls. 5 I'Ltsit a bit furtherawayfromthetwo womenwithtuneless voiceswhowere tryingto singlouderthan theleadsinger. Crossout wordsfromth€ relativeclauses in thesentences betowif possibLe. 1 I feltsorryfor the peopte.#herrere queuing intherainto geta ticket. 2 Thebandwholwaswatching onthemain stagewereawiul, 3 Theperson whowassittingnextto rnefell asLeep. 4 Who'sthatgirtinthe crowdwhoiswaving at u5? 5 Thebandthatwearelisteningto are looking fora newdrummer,' 6 l haven'theardthissongthatisptaying now 7 | knowthat guywhoisplayingdrumson stage. I Wheredidyoudownload that musicwe're Listening to? 4a Thinkofa festivat,play,comedyshow,etc. thatyou havebeento or seen,Makenotes on thetopicsin exercise 2b. Organise yournotesinto paragraphs, then writethe firstdraftofyour review 5a Writea finaldraftofyour reviewusingthe checktist betow. Haveyouusedinterestingandrichlanguage to describethe event? Haveyou usedrelativeclausescorrectly? Arethe spetting, grammarandpunctuation Haveyou incLuded informationaboutsome of the topicsin exercise2a? Workin pairs.Swapreviewswitha partn€r andtaketurnsto give€achotherfeedback lernlPu lsou aql Punos Lplq^ ePpaPpuesuorlpgeûo),sluepn$raqlo ol ua$!l ssel)eql ol suollpgeûo)rno^,o auo lno tJV q 'PJO5 . MaU rno,( UO lU rP e SlldSAUOAuIOS 'ojaqMro ueql\ raquraL!ar l,uPrno{tnq aroJeq leu aA,no{s{es ue^ fued e te ue^lot nor selnportur euo€Luos. '11 loo) ot Fdloq aqs/oqleqt s^psuoeodreqto sql poo8 Xlo^t,usLpoo] aqt teq] ]uauLlor no,('^ted e tV . 'dotdelrno{ uo 4oi auos op ol lupMno^ 'urerle uo uosroda,^ lqlel &a e ot lxau irP nol . ,tBunq I,u3reno{ }nqpoolnox3ura}louosdee)euo€uros, 'qzasprsrcruorlserueluas 3ursnseullxlsol o^rJ suollereûorallr/r^pueo/\uesooq] ,Molaq ,o suollenllsle!)osPrP/r^),Me eqtle )ool srledul+ol e€ ' Z - ' e la8 tJt no{ llP)L 'no{ot tue^ I,uop '_o\ 1 u p . pl i o o q I,uprp furosqO s.voH zduod ar sL! eqt sPr' uaqM l $el siurqtasaql t,useoP li 'erour Aue 0t 6 I I 9 S t l,uop'qo € lles' I,uplnor'Allea|oN z ' Allear u,l ar u _ra seM lnq ]l L 'uo!leuo 'serualu esaq1 lel!lod aql3ur{dol êsuaqf sa)ualues pupustsll9l (J . eqt alaldLr]o) 2uollenllsq)eaql!/v\lesPella€PIP/(llnrssarrns ,MoH23ôqeror\ suernoôlrelllulst!se/\ 'P!€s pZ ^llenpeeltegleL{i tno putJor uersltS l U q)Pe el-v sernprduruorlPnlls ulrpsno,{plno,Mteq,\'ssnrslppuesrled u!)lloy'A L suo!lPnl!s lP!)os PIP/v\lMV tuqeed5 iiiii jf' i:. ' 'irii i ,-l.i: riii i:lll iliii:li t\.d{ f \\\r j!:,L\ ri.ig-... h'v '*i'if,Jl*'il$Kfift R.t 'l Workin groupsanddiscuss.Which ofthe myste;ies beLow most interestyou whenyouchoose a film,book,etc.?Why? . ghoststories andthesupernatural . detect]ve stories . mysteries . reallifemyster]es ofthe naturaL world Workin pairs.Checkyou understand the phrases in the box.Think of examples ofthre€ofthesethingsandteLlthe class. a supernatur.levent an unexpLained natu.at phenomenon a tragic incident anunfortunatemishap an amazingcoin idence a mysteriou5 disappearance a stupidpubLicityltunt a practicaljoke thatwenttoo far ReadstorybeginningsA-E on page77.Workin pairsandanswer the questions beLow 1 Whichphotosrelateto eachstory? 2 Whefeandwhendid/does eachstorytakeplace? 3 Whatstrange eventsdoesit describe? 4 Matchthetopicsin exercise 2 to eachstory. 5 Howdoyo! thinkeachstoryends? 4a Matchthe storyendingsl-5on page77with storybeginnings A-E. b Workin paksanddiscuss the questions. . Didyoupredicttheendings correctly? ' Whichstrange events sti[[appeaf to beunexplained? . Haveyouchanged yourmindaboutthe besttopicfrom exercise 2 to descrlbe eachstory?Exptain why. Workin pairs.Findthewords/phras€s beLow in the storiesand expLain in yourownwordswhattheymean,usingthe contextto 1 litteredwlth (textA) toited(texrB) 3 tormentea (textB) 4 the baby's fallwasbroken (text c) potentiallydeadty(text D) faked(text 2) 7 lobe(text4) severed(text 4) 'apErur P srt €ô 3q qecot eclarncco s ql uFtoxeol € qE u€eq4l€€r seq 3uo ou st qtn4 eqt rEaI tu€^€€LuI aur€saq] ]€ aoqd 6u€s €rtt ul ra €u rq ,qeu !€ 6uur€r!lo p.loMeql la o !e s€sec u€aqe eq srar[ sr€N]punorbr€punuro4eulo5 r'€ql tBqlercneqssLtp e qi oro uo uraql]sodspple c[u€tlv€qluo4 Lts]€r{ petoc spu^ 0uo4stpq} ' 'et||sq sr€aô^ ] ]sE 3q] lo urposnpordsraMsouru€d snour€jsrq]o |IelsoutE rs.resr'rclerc]$up u€ sEp$lro^ ûo srt €snecaq sEr' eur4etrsrrtu! !o !L60cer oltri os p€ r€.€r q6oe ue uospereq] ^pluap3u puv ]ee eoLta €q] ]ou para^€sseM6qotr€ 3ql ,!uo ]eLt]q u elac Noop s l€rtM puer4qq pEoro ot s6!0qtne 3q1o1poI uaqrq0o9 LrE^ ]eLt]plE l!3unDe ur !t r€3q1l}otnc urn6n€olsruEaq]',pu3!]sq]eq] 'up6ebuDlFi sEr'€u€cuBE,elEs^Bp 3 ] ]snf qq Fpds elti 6uhotp, al|| or)lcaq auoc IsnorclMur peq sDatsq ! s-adouaql lEr+pei€ôcsp agnu 3ql leô pqralp oureqseMeq sp la aMoH 'uosudu srBo^ pLr? |9la^3so] p€3r€]Lras pnE4]o p€tcûocer€r' s!/!\rec a$ qloqI pnNo^l '1002 p3loj u uml€l oi urq sssu)qsauoq pe 3 €r] €ste]E'ropeorqe Pun uooss€o p sl€qtEliaqt FoqPsLros equeqlpuE(ocuErE€ooEs aoPuoe] n€qlor uo a 6u t)rBe^€ re o rot €uroq ^Lrurel eq]Lrlu€ppr_t lrlof loa) pBqu^ jBc €uuv âuour$u€rnsusjtu 000009Ju€qlerouujEc orr€prout,qlE€ps,usrEc polBtpeqepnoceql are^r\ eJr^\srt p!€ u r' rBc r€qllno peurniI porsolrP qloq puE^ l€3tELUerp pabuELtc uolBnrs eL| tueêeL{pe^,\rns qloq']!|PoEe3LroaopuM roou-qt rnolrcqlouE L!o4Luqlo ooi uo |3] sEuoLllprÊcp oi€a^ oM]luelurraqtoLre ueq^^€E ueouueop!|€6€ sEM|coFu rf\ i€uzeoeu 6rull 01oupocce ''' etP04s3!l ot ue6€qec||d pu€ sL€dEds,v€u eq] se \El ^fcnqndeonqp€^r€oorasecaL{ pu€ urnpr slt }€ tu€ur@ple ôl€q ou|ssercixa ]uauralBFB p€nssreuuv atd qr 'srE€Aa j Fet €!t urutq o1peueddeqppq lEqMlo tuoura! or peq pu€ Es€uurpuro4oqr€rns ueaqp€q aLtteql6u Es rr acloduopuojEoturpqe ^ u^!ec Fquac€q q tq{ 4oz 'soruoqF€ e{ pue spu€4 ^ rl]Pt ^q p€p p€unserd seM oq pup 6(a .o q!o! €ru ureuoq qqlEeu our€olpct o alt paEoddesp ur^rEC uqof .r€qc€elrauoJ ueqM Z00Zqc-et\ r 'lBtrosoq o] peqsnr^ alapar.. sE^ elecuelE rlpEep Aplu€]od sr uoue^ asor !3plds esnpsr uaorq 3lEr e lq uaurqs€^ eq '1002 u Lq-j 1 eq. saqa e ur Eaôz reô ]uads €ue3(EE prêcLrEuro]pcs6q sq ur6u eetou qr^ uJlqp OZJo30e oql lE U€prccEatc^crololue qlrai p €:'r ''' rcle| rB€I pet 3la^ rsql|alr 'p3mlu qqcq V I oroM^q€q eqt pLre)po 0B qonol E ple uqo4 sa I o s / q P qe q f t - o 0 : o r u o v o p . r s . o o u D n o lP r c 4 lrt/qeq s. E Lo4 err. .. e up oLrLBa, sBv !ro6u + roqplu ssaFrEc.raqlEl^llu€reddEpue 6uno^p ]o aI €Llr! led otqqr€urar E p€Iqd )pqe': uo..of p€urP.€orr{, tde,.,- o,tdpe lotb. c{ - ''' e]P3pLrls€ pnls luocer ]eô ôr '€ô srq ,o looro s€ sse4sluJs|t o] I ]u€s pue l93 uao 5r 'pa]rcuuo] os lEU e sea qt Io rc or-ttErI seo6 ^rols eql .'LllEepsq €uE suoflr'r rtclal ol uo lue^ soururedsrLlqrtt ',!ra odu pue posuoooarun pe p tnq'af sq|19p€tolql 'snrua6cr0E4€sBtuolsrqu ui @ euoos€qqooe ue^Naeul^tstr€rtcnp tunNe3ql6! ar! ''' paFeoDnsa €q slsDuetcs euros t€opr papc etdoedlp3olqqLtM'Lts]pLUsr-Uhparo]llouroca sle€rtsac eql srnoqtae€s qse 6uuu6r pue€puru ^q FUEouro.cPs qcrqiûteraqt ,sscsodep E^qr ro,qsllo urEU,€ u€eqseqe€q] $€I pdpunLtFetoli ro] alnf rc ên tueâ loro to sc'r ôd 'remp'roHsq1u 'serels,([ .srl,]luoqp ^ oq nq siarnlEu ]o ûeurol ra/l\su€eq] pepôrdssq e.!ar€ lR*lF,.t i,$:, IR:li.,l. -,r,, work in pairsanddiscuss, Haveyoueverwondercd bboutanyof the questions below?Doyouknowthe answers to anyof them? . Whycan'twetickleourselves? . Whydowe hiccup? . canwe catcha coldfrombeingcold? ' Whydowe steepwalk? Readthe articlebelowandcheckyourideas.Didyou learnanythingnew? i , : r ' r ,l 1 Lookatthe website.Why is .a, corr€ctin 1 butnot2? I 2 rr l, :r'rr' Findmodalsin the websitethatmean: 1 lt i5necessary have to 2 it is not atlowed 3 it is not iecessarv/itboDtional 4 it is a goodjdea,the rightthingto do' 5 it is a badideaor'the wrongthingto do' ii \itiijiri, 3 I l \ . . r i r iri l , 1 . ,f , , i | , , r r i . , l'4atchthe modalsyou chosetothe meanings betow. 1 it seemscertainthat this is vue 2 thisispossibty true Readthewebsiteagainandchoose the correct modaIverbs, 3 i t s e e m cs e d a i nt h i si s n ' t n u e 4 this is a genealposibility4 Why is ca, correctin 8 butnotpossibl€in 7 in I ReadStudyl, page 152 Dr Jord.an Wiley answers the questions you've always vfondered aboutl I flnd behg ti(kled horrible, so tnis might seem like a strange question, but ... nnt can't I tickle myselfl Askedbr Josirqfenion Inlef€stingquestion.Josn.Il oth.r !.o!lc rcar,/sto..ad iickle us then logicaly r'. sirol[d 'zcan - so{.hI 3muntz'f,/ car'f iel The /D€ able to d.kle ourselves rcasonis simlle lor somethirrg to tickleus, ilamwt/mightbc nnexpecied.\\'hen ne ticldeouselves,our bmn js easjlr.scaD/ abae ,o predicl lhc fcelru, so our bodr ncvcr le€ls ticlded. I sometimes get loud hircups when I'm in a restaurant. $rhat causes them? Askedb) tbr.snith Ii fu/,azA/ rrst beembanassing to getioudhi..upsin pnblic.Whrt iype of food a.elou eati.g rvhcnthcy stan?You r'rigit / .a, be aller€jcto it. Hiccupscomefroma ldSemuscleh )'ourcheslcdlled the diaphngni.If it eetslnllated. it 3.atr / Iras to startmoving i. a je*y !ay. caNinS hiccnps.To frake lhen go a\!ay yor erusrn" / .lot't haw to do anyrhine tbe' go ar.y natur.lly andrdely last long(althouthore pe6ondid hale.n.tt.ck Nhichlasled68 yca'si). My aunt often says to my daueltte\ 'You'll (atch a cold if you go out in this weathei' Can you really catch a cold from being cold? Askedb,! ela brooks,ll The shor! an$ver,Eva,is no rou cant, .nd rour aun! t\r.an't/ shouldn't try ta keepyour daushrerindoors.Someone ttshould/ niqht tell het rharvjrusescausecolds,rot rhe weatherIn fact,cold virusespreferwarn, indoor corditions,so children(andaduhs)really l2may/ otghtto go ortdoois a! n!.h as possible,evenin winter $lhy do $€ 6leep$alk? My flatmate does it and I s n m e l i n c . f r n d l e r A 5 l c c po r r h c L i l . h e n l l o o . i n the morning. Askedby younis_khm Ir 13can't/ alaesn\ haw to lie rery nice lor xour flahnateto wake up in a slrange foom in the moftng but shc {.ouklD't / snoztdn',worNioomxch [a]thoughshersmal/m6tnnd it easierio loct her door at night). No one knowsfor sure $'hat causesslee!{it.ltring,thougi in adultsit rscourd/m st be a sign olslress.Sone peoplesay lhal you rhrs,t',/ doD't nar€ ,o n*e a sleepwalker. so if you sec you lrierd sleeprrlking.il s lrobablx bcst ioiust leadhcr back lo bed. eLr]erlxa ororaq asn no^ ue) (]ts zsa^lpalpe 'trlatnpsqe'fned' he ) erjrsualur qr!qA Ieurstu3^ pnol^.ra^ futl ÎF tua^ ^r8unq^ra^ i.n v 3u!t1^ra^ pes&a^ ,&8uefia^ rl3Prl snolnrpu tur^rets sno!nl 3!rFnEqx3 3ur!6le6p Y '€ xoquls8ulueaul aql rlllM Vxoq ul sa^lpelpeauruua aq] qrleN a^ sseJdur/a8uerls fta^ Btq{]i^ peq^re^ poo8&a^ tnrrrneaq fra^ lloq a1spl sraddadll qr op ^qA\ lsluelc LUo4 saseasrP qrler sLreurnq uPl 2no{llr)punospnole uel € relod ^qA\ z 2izaa4leal,sresq 1,uop qsuoc L 2aaals 'S-L sdnorSol xoq aqt u! sosp.rqd aqt qrlph q Suuunts'atrsrnbxa ln]ltneeq lnP\e s elqlpai)ui'aBnq ise,1oAsseur snourroua t alqe)reurar 'fuPuproertxe snoeBroB 3ulzelue € 1t!rat elqurot snopuaxoq Sullleddp Z 'qredns luollorxeL ln}apuo^fie 'dnoj8pallor aql ulI atu^\e!'&\oloq u!Suolaqlou S-LsdnorB saopqrlq^ e^lpalpeaulelueaql lno ssorJ ez 'aur1 eues aql alqtrroq le pue tnolrettq qpq st pal).t16utaa aql ]o SulueeL! 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The'Great Exhibition',Pads1889.The city was packedwith visitors.Two lvealihyEnglishladies, Eleanor Redwood and her mother Clara. arrived in dreciry lookingfor a hotel.They wereon their way backio Londonfrom India. r! lr 8.2 Listenandcompareyour ideas.Were your predictionscorrect? 3a work in pairsandanswerthe questions below. 1 2 3 4 WhyhadEleanor andclaraRedwood leftIndia? Whathappened whentheyarrlved at thehotel? Whathappened whenEleanor ca[[ed thedoctof? Where, $/hyandhowwasEleanor sentto get thenedicine? 5 How[ongdid thejourney take? 6 Whywasshesurprised whenshegot back? 7 whatdidshefindin room342? whenshewentto theBritlsh 8 Whathappened Embassy with hefstory? 9 WhataboutwhensheretLrrned to Britain? 10 Didsheevertracehermother? b Listenagainandcheck. below. Workin groupsanddiscuss the questions . Whatdoyouthlnkhappened to }4rsRedwood, andwhy? . Whatdoyouthlrkaboutthewaythehoteland BritshEmbassy treatedEleanor? . DoyouthinkEleanor waslnsane? 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L slPPorulsed z snlol otenSuEl tnq .5@rts Task U I S C U S St W O M V S T E T I E S PreparationReading andvocabulary Lookat the Dictures andreadthe introductions to two classic mysteries.When andwheredidthese mysteriestake ptaceandwho wasinvolved? 2 Workin pairs.Checkthe meaningofthewordsin the boxbetow.l4atch the wordswith thetwo stories. a Soldendisc gangsters a UFO to benaitedshut a beamof tight 3a Workin pairsorgroupsof four.Student/PairA: Turnto page128andreadthe storyof lsidorFink Student/Pair B:Turnto pag€130andreadthe Story of TravisWalton. b Makenotesonthe topicsbetow. . whothestoryisaboutandwhathappened to them . whoelsewasinvolved andwhattheydid . important detailsandctues TaskSpeaking ltl Youaregoingto tell your story to studentslvho have not readit. Practisetetting it, individualty orwith your partnerfuk your teacherfor anywords/phrases you need.Checkanydetailsyouarcstil[notsureol > ljsefullanguag€ a 2a Workin pai6or groupsoffourwith students whohavereadthe otherstory.Taketurnsto tell yourstories,Answer anyquestions the other students have. > UsefulLanguage a andb Discuss questions 1-6 undereach storyintroduction. > Usefullanguage c 3 Summariseyour ideastothe cLass. DidyouatLreach similarconctusions? > usefullanguage d 4 Workin pairs.Turn to page129andreadwhatpeople havesaidaboutthesecases sincetheyhappened. Discuss the questions below. ' Whichcasedo expefsnowagreeabout?What solutionhavetheycomeupwith? . Whatalternatives havebeensuggested in the othercase? . Didyourctass comeupwith anyofthe sameideas? . Haveyouchanged yourmindabout whathappened? 'suo!lnlosalqrssoa pueslusâaql 3ululllnotoe$/(ur 3qt uoqe ellm : 'eufluoq!elaP eql q)reeser'alqlssodJl ,&e$û aqlrol suolleueldxolueF lP PUPspeJ aql uo selouqPH : 'lnoqe ^\oq no^ ^rels^Lr.i alt lPei Pro )iulql io l!un slqllo lled raqrouP LuorJ^ra$ûr e esooqf ellsqa/v\sa/aJsf..rlsse,j) oqlroj ^lslsfur e uoqe al!r/v\ol BuloSare no E! liir"r dn rvro1lo1 11 1.r.,r,r suoluldosdnoJt aql tulru.sard P ' ' r P q 1 3 ^ . 1 .(qr , u e )|)' ^ l l € u o e g d -JL F u s d d € r t o ^ ePql n o M ' u 3 q 1 '" aê! plnornq3!!!aH tew {lq lun/^lotllsu.ss1l '''.êq 1,uPr/.ê9 rsnuraH suoluldopuEsuolleuEtdxa;ulssnrslo l '.10! a^ oPpuv roraLtl.'laMoul z (a - oqal'3urpuluriros s" Prl€lauas a^rq puetsr.pun ÎEarr,uop ;!Lqr auos, aql pu!$Fpun nor(reqrtul)|'aqf, q - 1ouroFqr.qMre.p ^tle.rlou s,1l _ prjl s a8uerssrreltlSutqrauo '" 1Eqlsu.as l/ItNarPddv tpPl aqlSLrlI.F! P Mel, :udaf "uetD unliotstq oco 01 at a4J UIU €661 $a rr pu" '!p.doltoJ l€rlM Puz rqstu 1"qr Jo Eua& rqt lnoq€ 'uo!trnpqe Gir€ prSolte ses". uaooJ'rsaq s,ptro4 Jo ro Puo/uv n D$oa lasdoJ rq rzau pa:eaddesrp uorlelq sh"{ esualleAq pepn :uolleA slêr Findout first View 16 Workin pairs.Readaboutthefamous mysteries betowOnedetaitin each description is incorrect.Which detaiL doyouthinkit is? 2a YouaregoingtoWatcha videoaboutthe Bermuda Triangle.Where isthe Bermuda Triangte? Whyis it famous? answers O Watchthevideoandcheckyour to exercise 2a. Thenanswerthe questions betow In 2002theshipTheMary[elestevr'as found in caLm waters in theAtLantic ocean. lt wasin g00d.0 ditonandw:lhplenty o'_ood onboaro. The.argo andvaLlabLes wereuntouched b!t theseven crewwefemissing, aLonq withone Lifeboat. Theywereneverfound. 1 WhatdidCot!mbus seewhenhefirstlaiteo Inrome Befrruda Triang[e? 2 WLarisqtrdnge about ,F a) r1e(h p( d.dppea-l 3 Whichthreeplaces markthe boundaries oftheTrlangle? 4 Howmanyptanes andpeopte wereinvotved in Fllght19? 5 According to the pilot,whatproblems weretheyhaving? 6 Whatevenraddedto the rrysteryof Ftighr19? 3a Thesenumbers anddatesfromthevideoareincorrect. TheVoynich manuscript waswrittefin the 15thcentury. lt contains 1,240pages of iLtustrations andinformation aboutptantsand theirmedicaluses. Theplants, however, do notmatchanyc!fientlyknowfandthetextis writlen in a language thatis!nknown. Watchthe videoagainandcorrectthem. . tholsands of lives . 100ships , MgA . 1,000,000 square miles . 15thDecember, 1945 . 19nrlnLtes later CoonLine to checkyouranswers or askyourteacher. Workin pairs.Checkyouranswers andexplainthe significance of eachnumber Search: l'4aryCeteste /Voynich manuscript Canyouthinkofany possibLe explanations for the BermudaTriangle mystery?Would youtravetthroughit? '- si &alsû] eql Jol uo l€ueldxaSUDurAuol lsoul aql'pu Ll-t,{L! 01 " pen&E aêq aldoad raqlo leql 'aldood.uros leql eâllaq ''' leql sr ur' ou)lle^ ssalsr leql ''' lEql u^ ou)lleM s l ''' ul o8esres^ ueBeq,Oatsûr .qt . . . . 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Doyouthinkthe quotationistrue? I you want to be successfuIin life,it is necessaryto ' get yoursetfnoticed. Za Which ofthe actionsbeLoware likelyto getyou noticed? . wearlngclothesthat are differentto otherpeople's . rnakingeyecontactwith peoplewhenyou fi|5t meet them . relerfingto irnportantpeoplethatyoLrknow(of claimto know) . listeningcarefullyto what otherpeoplesay . sayingpubLlcty whatyo! believe in,evenif it's!npopular . keeping youropinions to yo!fse[fandavoiding maklnga fuss Readthe articleon page87.Whichideasfrom exercise2a are mentioned?Whatother ideasdoesthe author mention? Readthe afticleagainand answerthequestionsbelow 1 Whyshoutd you tookpeopLe in the eyewhenyou make an entfance? 2 Whyshouldn't you moveyoLrhands? 3 Why is lt a goodldeato holdyourbreathwhenenterlrga room: 4 Why canlt be usefulto nertion the nar.esof otherexperts? 5 How canlanguagehelpyou to soundlikean expert? 6 Whenis it a badldeato btuff? 7 In what wayswas RosaPafksa leader? 8 Howaretr!e leadersdiffercntfrom'a lonevolcein the wildemess 9 Why are narcissists badleaders? Workin pairsanddiscuss. Howserious doyouthinkthisarticteis? Whichpieceof advicedoyouthinkis most/least usefut? sraMsuerno^sreduor pup sdnorSur)ron rl 'noôt dn qool . o l d n ) o o ln o , { . sêsaqs/aqleqMlo tol e on sa)leLu, ur aî liq ,{aqt}eqMro} dn spuels , r lqndu lno p.ssedseq , lql UrO4lno SpUelS, P,\r\Or) roq/!{^ ou) no^ auoaurosJo uosad snouJelelo )iulql p? padsd tnaleafaqtreau auoaluosol dn )oo] / lo iâ laq no^ leLlIt epDepal[4 I fpnqnd IE sLrpaLU SulqlaLuosro, dn pupts suollsanD auaaaas)lt€ L{SnoJql aes / 6uiflstauoeaasteqlMar)s!paLuauoaLUos uo leu.roJ! s,eldoad)eqta asn luaûtsueaur dn Sulqlauros a)pul € I snoDsuounaaoaaq 6utqtpalqdo.?s sueoL!lno ssed z I d l o e r o L ;a ' J ' ; / aa4luaal|tp waassuenurp.MoD3qr Luortrno pupls 'sqre^ leserlldaql lo SuruE.L! parro. eql esooqrpueeprrreaqt ur9-L saserqd putl ,fie1nqero' €ldoed reqlo3urruos notr s,I'no^Sur^res e doad leqlolnoqp ]noqe lousrdlqeepee-l e €l,n0lllp]e repe€l e ]0u{lqeq0rd er,n0r( lsrssrcrPu puPrepsal uaLl]'n0,(oldn!001 0leldoadroLllopaou no,{Jr e aqollusr\Illeer no^}lslrllrequreurel puv '"{leer "{ll?uu seqrapgal loMueql]P340s s.r€Mollol p pU€lapeele ueor$laq 0q]leqlS SSaur0plril aqlu e3l0A aU0l ocuaDlrptrluo aql s enbesen0(,Mol 0l oqM€ldo€d €qllm{ '^lr€alc pus se€p esoq]:urssardxa uaql eldmd eJun qorq^1 Surpul]]n0qe Il]ear seepr s,ilsdrqsuortelar Surplrnq ]n0 puPuorteJrunuuor pLsualsl sl drqtappal ureal ]noq9 ' u r a ^ a l e q € q lrl0elq0rn p 0 4 s o l a ^ e q l u t 0 0 a u t o s l ? s ] a p e slqBu aq]polreds aqsos3uopur llVlueuaôu l^rcuecLrauV p u ep E s a q s ,p0une l s 0 l 0p^nr q0 q s l l u r q l t , u s roqpl l0, p 'ueuro^ 01posnler )iceq I \!redesougE6lur[epauo? doad oirl{0l<,rq rqluoslpes .,.rt,/3o{p.-.,d,r,r,x,do.d )icelq eureqP ul uraâlaqno^ r0l0npu4s . ]eLl^r v 90961 rolpuels no^]eqr'^ doul p pup p .do,d."l r r^r,q.e o , o sr4 lua\cra 5 eo8 tq) . e)pd 'Moq s alH auo aurocoq u?J no^ rap9a : leqlJ€quraurar elrll3e,l,uop no{!oS{efileq}oqotur€a [aq]I€M]eq]uroq r.pooB aresrop9ol sulllu oospueslooq urpear n0^teqM a]ds.: ropeal e 0lrll3v i i(l0tepauurnotrqtn0rqlaas| ,traql pUeSasnrxa aAPA rnotr slPlx'uadxa€ere l€aLr0pn0[] '!adxeue padsnsu0^1traql raârlol] ] 3ur)teu er,n0{ idn } 'dnsiulqlarleur ar,no[ req]o 0l pre4e aqI uoc lu ql a doad ] 'upaul ql|Mrellusl Aaqlleqr ARcexa r' ouJl],Uoplnq slqlE splor$ 4e ald1alIsaN e euetlprea?peJedJsretle7elrlspror!\ asf sPu00ss?sielenbpPaLl 9t ol poeu s^9soLlr\1 , alqrssoil I I auoor1ros ueqluadxa erouqsnuspunos 0l peeu lec l, idvsv0H pu€suolerêrqqe s{gsoqMouoaL!0S surluonp }0s}0as|] 'areql qlr^4 aldood anFre ],ure oq/,\ puesuadra q]^lonirpo]pleqs,l sla eul 0lrapreq ueê asaqluo aurqlMeorie olspLr4tH lqueE tssn!rossEod / 0u)lnor{ oc,{es! durexa rol spuaulrno[ ap ioq]qinoql sesfadxasnour4oB l r ua di €dU0ar pu r p u l 0 l qeeaq{ e L 4. l u q l e , ov- o q . . d r d , r 1 1 q . 1t.P r r - . . notr e s.rn0q aarLlt oltuae^r:: l.uoêq 1n0qp ll isrea[ 0l r0],{ep s,leql turqlus ueauroJaq trlsor0lfuessoJa! : ls Uadxa j0 srnoq e3]cPrd 0000I sêssrrltr,l0 roqtneloipel0uroqe,, uP0lllpun0s ua0xa z 'aldoadraLlloolparedurocuolrsod pur0 leoosrnosrsnletsrn0 00]lipoqol]ouDquraDror i ossed Lnotrr03u01 ]n€,^F^rl Mou{aMloqpqM'oure6snlElsaqltred 0qsoqucsap lisa^{r, pueluerpereroLu. n0AsaJj9tlrll uaqlpueu00lEoluirll?^t I 1 pl0q euolsuqofq]€y ordl?/'slo]rp r0lI00q srqul snleFfio,{ssrpu . qlealq prol, n0^ 0r01€q deop eo{€ld}oldLu ssrq}spueourocer 'Jloolno^sp 'uoqoc ssao] r' notr uoos a Lrspu€q;rqpeoq rnotr luap[uoJ ql€orqrno^poH aqlurrlj0roqlnP oôlsur)ileMno{uoqr\ . 'uoql turpFqurlel eql u,Mo urleMnotr , ruoor l, Iesrno(0llurrt] srqlslr 0êqoq lauraaqllls puotard pa]],uop orolag eienotr notr{ropppoo8 s eg . Juapuuoc pueJoqenofpurlll]r1ôOq;noq]le)siu q]aseql no,{j ^puarlun qlh,\uol3auuog aldood siu leo]c 0pnol(lrn0,(0lloruel]gorourêd trfealcpup{MoF lh4qdood 0]rbloqls,l- e{ooq}uraldo3d loqlo )iool$eHms,{esI?Ul . pueiuLtrurs'l||]s pLle peoq 3ulpads spupq tnotrtuldaol'poxrFr 'Lloor pocrtoueqo}tue^{no^! pMorcaql pup': e olui)leM no^ uoLlM uo4lno ]nqlLlFrrdnIasrno{BurploqsupoLu}eql snlpls in0{asr€1, o],uoq o}eoppooS es,l 'rxo0r eo}urllpM no{uoqt\ s,oFq os'uolss€rdur auo n:, lsrlle${eu0laJueqc }attrluo 03usjluo u?als$lI 'urpis polooueô pue eqroiou {pssuodxe oq}}eqlpeou ll,no,( pue aJouno,{êdololdoad orouno/[l4orls uorlueDe tue/'ln0{00 iloodsoj -H[HJ f;J.fi,rirrffi) t(rtIIJ.Jftffimffii ffurfr&@lus ffillmld\lflLsi Language focus1 If you w€re a cdtoon characte4 I'.hi*fltrtNn$r"l-Nsirrl r:rfnl\:irlnsr 'I Workin pairsanddiscuss. Haveyouever beento ajob interview?What questions did theyaskyou?Whatwouldyouexpecttobe askedin a job interview? a Readthe exampLes of weirdinteNiew questions askedatjob interviews in partA onthe teft.Which could/couldntyou answer? b Workin pairs.Discuss the questions below thencheckyouranswers in partB. . Whatkindof companies tendto usejob interview questions likethese? Whatdoyouthinkisthepointof them? Whatisthe bestwayto respond ifyou are askedquestions Likethisin aninterview? How rnary people woutd you say thete ate at univelsiry in rhe Utr/ Mexico/yoE coutry? 3 6i s.t completettrearticlewith a/ar,the or o (noarticLe).Then listenandcheck. i l l \ ; t r : , , r 1\ , . r i ! r I l r I r . I : , \ : l r : r i i . r i , t i { r \ L r f l Fofmanyjob seekers g€tting around'-world, 'job with 3top international company {ike aCoogleisspinnacte of theirambition. Butwithso 6_ rnanytalentedapplicants howdoes company find 7brightest andbestcandidates? 'n a - b$ 15ye;rs rherehasbeen,trendamongst top companies towards asking'o_ weirdandwacky questions jobinterviews,like inrrtheonesabove. r?ideaof thesequestions isto testr3creativity and quickness of a candidate, andto findout moreabout rawaythatr5candldate thinks. Mostcandidates areunlikely to give16 honestanswerto17 I I L -stereotypical interviewquestion Like'What is r3biggest your faiturein life?'Butin answering a question like'WhatwouLd I findin yourrefdgerator fightnow?'theymay revealmore abour" _ kindo'pe6onthartheyare.5o whatare'?o correctanswers to thesesortsof questions? 'zr_ According to ProfessorAbdul Khalid, of z'?LondonlJniversity, manyofthemdo not haverightor wronganswersi23- mostimportant thingistackling '?aquestion inteLLigently.When it comesto weirdinterview __ oueqlions, ir seems orly w-ongan(weris 'l don'tknow.' Lookatthesevenrulesbetow.Findanother exampleof eachrutein the questionsandarticle. We usea/arwhen... 1 the nounis oneof manylnd it hasn'tbeen mentioiedbefore. Far nany job seekets,settins a job with a tap campanyis thei ambition Z the nounhasbeenmentionedbefore. ... ta find aut nate about i/re way that the 3 the nounis unique(or uniquein that context). For manyjab seeketsa.aund the warld lf Holltwood made a novie abaut you.lile wha wauld play the lead .ale? 4 the ioun is definedby a phraseorclausethat follows(€notphrase,a relativectaus€, etc.). +ha iaaa -t r|'a<a ^ ,-.h^^. the kind af person that they are 5 the adjectivebeforetheioun defiiesit, for example,i1ht, wrang, etc. the coftect answel the fist lsecond tine, etc. Therek no artlclewhen.., 6 a pluraloruncountable noLrnG usedto makea Why a.e th. nanhole coversrcund? 7 the nounis a singularpropername. rl'c Gaagle ,hc Londan Unive.sity I ReadStudy 1, page 155 ?rtsq) Pueua$n 2.6 (g l 'zlnbeql ulsuo!$enb 3qt rad\sue o1)iro^\sson8 ro ,!3ol 'eBpel^\oqrnoresn rled u|Iro A q 'Ll]lef ol unsujo{ ecuelsp . ''' st sa4suotDt uo rur9 6tI ol uns!.ro4ecuelsp . 'quef, ol uooururo4aeu€tsrp. €saql]o auou. 'na's055t's0l6t 'rra'zloz'6661 )1. nuuosr.uLlns -uo 'rr. IeprnrPs ',(epuoN 'rra qlOZ'qtPNtt]s-uo laqusr&S -ut 'uoouraue 'Suturou 3uruaâ u! 9 u! 5 u! t € Z ! 'qroqrc r 'aqr ql!^rMoteqsesPrqd aulreqr el.|duol puPseas8 (rlluPllv)suea)o (sllN)sra^! I e GrEw)sFuetd (s3puv)sasuPr ureunou,s s.)Pl t (etroDt^J totlxaN)sauNnor€ (ersv,sNau4uorz s.llrr t (slrPdJ 'SSr .Beduo r'5 {pnts ursrlasue nor( )raqf, 2u.ql.Draq rH asnaol.q s.reldqr!q/{ o 'egr'"e/elsn 3a'frr. 'slertdsoq saHsra^!un) suolrnlisut qr!,^^g 'r irirriuel?esnaa sellrs,.tdoad qt!,r z 4ljn6tqgnflFI1.666iqEql ','aqr'ueleosn qln I aM'sa^|lPtadns 'a oqeEt arlorax. utsuotrsanb .ql rc .p!ur aqt u.ro4raqrla .tduex€uepullpuE€-! s.tnrar.Furol Eassnta. E€Sleet8 . zlsrxslousaopsEesolmo oJoqrloq3tqM g arEnoi x z,opnoôp leqM "pa6lEqcstp, puelod. q eue6tn8. .rqndo8 qcozC. i \ r l : ) i l . i I l 1 { Jt L i r \ r ' r \ \ \. r l r \ i . : r . j l ir L, tuP6unH. l,ureq noi p noi ,&lunocq.tq^ 'en6erd u 6uFas-lq6rs E^purnsul luoMpuE'surElunon 0uqulc ]ua^'E^plAra^tu uo dl4]EoqE rolruaMnoi]l rno/( zuolu!do u!!a/v\sue ol uollsanblnrujlp liolu/Falsea 3ql sl tl)lq/t|ssnrslP Pueslleou! uoy' . ,ueuroMtEurs^rs^ . lc€sutlcEtqpueper . 'rl rlltrr saoSr?qr aFls -oz.?m/r i,piq^petE srlPqll tq3lllpues 6r Jo tied tu€tlodu $oo srs,r! lrvr {rjDvr 4.laprts snaaolb qt^ tr,a aut ,tv) -,r ,aq pFoqs 3t1! iurqt nol op Pqd 'nod d'{dEr8orq-!r atolM auoauos JI Jo urlnq Zoururouj uet no^ sEêp 6!rPs . ,uoourauEul 'uat no,{sPêp tsurPs^v. . eALle no^ lI|^ 'uoouFlre^v.u)coc,o Z lE aê6lno^l se0rc zlno ra8 nol pl.ioa .{\oqlapualq u tnd puE lrued ,, Jo azls zror Truqs aru nod JI E jF8unq pto.^ -,r 3mc no.{prnor\ ^,!oH z ",1+ o/rli vlu€aMlaqa3u€r€urpalull rnoq,lqbpw q eraqt 'seleouvso-t uryodre xvl ol uopuo-l ul Lod.V MorJrPe-l u-o,l[6t,.'ro]-t! eleno^ pOJtWl V -0r ur -6 saoc zlt€Jro .qr nuEt tarct rat?,r -r -, uo dplatduroc s1s3r +Br Jo uro$oq -! roqr@ -, rBqtqSnouaSuotsl ut€qr 'pieoqrao aol| no^ qrrqh prEoquo roqJ@ -, -r aÊr{ nol Eree rI.L{ paru tuBt e8rel -r rr! ar,no I z ur srqrnlM lBoqSuhor 'lo )o .tF'ue/e) epq)e ]Jd)o) aql ql!/v\^ oFq suollsanDaqt elelou.ro) eL '^ oloq 'îesse)au 'saPr e 6raq/v\ 4nb eql etald|llor01 Ppv ez 1fU_fvud 60 rq8lr ll8uluoC Language focus2 1 a Work in pairsand discuss.Haveyou evergivena presentation?lfyes, how did you feeLand how did it go? lf not, wouldyou liketo? 1 Lookat the wordsyou addedto the conversationand answerthe questions. 1 w h i c ho f t h ef o ! r w o r d s y o !a d d e dg o i n f r o n to f . r adje.tveto makeit stronger? car yo! thinkof ary otherwordswhichmakeadjectives stronger? 2 What isthe dljferencebetweenJoandrr.h? 3 Findan exampleofan extra auxiliaryverbthat adds Readthe conversationbetweenSophieand PauL.Why is Paulnervous?WhatadvicedoesSophiegive, 4 F i n dt w o n r o r €e x a m p l e s s l m i L at hr teop h r a sien b o l , l Whatlneedissynpathyri9htna\9. 5 Whichwofdscai b€ addedto giveemphasis tu 0 0r9.3 Listenandwrite the missingwords (marked^) in the conversation.You may needto changesomeother words.Whateffect do these wordshave? C ReadStudy 2, page |56 PRACTICE Match5entences1-10 with repliesa-j. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 l'm exhausted.Let'sstay ln andwatcha fllm. I tike living here becauseit's n€ar the centre. Thanks for everything, we'vehada niceevening. sLrppose you want to seeLiz. Whyare we nsde on sucha beautifLlday2 OuchlThls toothls painfuL. l l - d ls . l l t l - : sb r o l " rg l a .l w h a t h a v e y o beendoing? ,olr t-ierdwas loveLy.I hope .or I _ re I n ag" 9 Comeon, [et'sgo to that newclub. 1 0 I think you o!ght to apotogise to her PAUL: Thank you for coming. Before I start, I'd just like to say how wonderful you aU look loday ... oh dear SOPHIE: What areyou doing? Oh, I haveto give a presentaiionin class tomo ow I'm ^ nelvousl SOPHIE: 1^4ry^ arcyou nervous? PAUL: 1Mht, Becausepublic speai<ingis ^ ierrii/ing. of course. Don't be ^ a wimp. There are only nine studentsin your class. You're calling me a wimp? ^ yor! ^ a b c d e f g h i j YesI wi[[.I th]nkhe enjoyedthe evening aswell. Wel[,you wantedto spendthe dayat a mlseLrm Why sho!tdI apotoglse? | didn'tstart the trouble. Yo! rewelcome. ComeagalnsoonL YoLrknowyou needto go to the dentist's. l o o l l t h i n kl ! . r e ^ e \ a _ r. 0 1 e t , r e a r , r - " " Oh,you re boring thes€days. want to go out. That'strue,but it getsnoisy at night. No actlallyI wantedto seeyou. Dont blameme I didn't breakitL 0 1 9.4 How canyou givethe phrasesn botdmore emphasis?Li5tenandcompareyour answers. cried in the toilet before your lastjob SOPHIE: That was ar'l ^ important interview It was different. ^ I need ^ sl,mpathy right now, not PAULI cdticism. SOPHIE: You're right. I'm ^ sorry. I ^ slnpathise. \//hen I'm stressed,^ helps ^ to take deepbreathsand listento sometelaxing Oh, OK, thank . .- and then you go and cry in the toilet? Paull 1 sentencestressis importantfor givingenphasis.Li5t€n againandmalkthewordsthatareespe.ialtstressed on audioscript9.4on page17s. I m absoLutelyexhausted.Let'sstay in ... ah,yau rc sa boring thesedays.lwantta ga aut. 2 Wolk in pairsandpractisesayingthe conversations. Work in pairs.Chooseone of the conversations in exercise1a and extendit to six or eight lines.Tryto usedifferentwaysofgiving emphasis. > Unit 9, Study& Practice2, page156 '.ru!llloqs e u! urnler |Ll'oLuiol slaq 1Py'AO L ZLuelqorde areql sl lelnb,(:a,ruueesno1 6 -aJea^l a,teq/v\ 'Ilatelpaulul l e1sot tup/r^| op uaqy' iPsêllaros u,l 'eur,{lelnlosqp ur,t ples ropop srlf I 'luorj oqlle )|Jeqeql ql!/!ôer lleqeseq srq3uleal^ up q)nsa)ll po)ooleH lorpr 'aul ol eep!poo8 P Ollt sPunoslPql23ulu3ês ql ezztd 'perof e,reii\raq seaplrnor lnoqe tnq .Lr.rlloqt suoruldo pI t rno^ ot ua$ll ]e t,up 'ar] qtrMSurreldrol llneJ aql ura)|^ppaqllo llp.lo Z8uluatslt ûp qt!^,\aar8eeprcaorBpnoôC ssn)stp puesr!edulljoi iSulqtruesslurno^jo raqrlaplc ;!"::rs,raqloq)e3pue$Jopun noûe] leu!pd rno^01L!*; Moqsuaqtreeperesapu rno^teqllteql srledu!)roy'l ^ra^rtep, 3uruueld, .r olaq strlool eql uo saloua)ieurpue{el eql ro ued puolosoqrot uersll9.6 et {J tu!)eu ro, senbluqrol Zsetou lnlasnraqlorup ^\oq noôC c u/,ôinor s.l! tnq Jlasrno^ unq no,(Mou)| € '/!lOUpaJJO)SLUeeS arelf leql ' ' {pM slql alllll p arnprdaql eôh z lq 'll lqBnoql rale enoq ^ a, p lsnl3u!)ro,{ peddols dotdel^ au /(hl L '6uoJ^ )o Jqflr qt!^\ uolsssrdxaue 3ulsn,{olaq ploq ur soserqdaql el!rr!\€.iuiql salnuluri aj p loj 6uotu pue yqbu y1n suorssa.rdxe aq1(pn15 z 'no^ ol lPql3urqtppqaqt pa rosapno f Pousddeq '^lotprpautuL,.)eld slql ul I '^ reJU n/,{U pa8pnlno q re, euoauos 'ueldpoo8e s,teql 3 Ûadord3Lr)roMlouFuqroM slSulqlaLuos, ^lppqtno paurntro pelre]s,3u!.lt^ra^l e Burpeaq-qns Surpeeq urEul uollerAarqqp 3uIq3|q3tq Surull-r.pLrn luloalallnq '^\oleqsenbluqritaqlloselouaql ursaldLupxa pulj €€ i\ oleqsetoueql ol suolpsror o^ l qetu pueuersl.ls 6 ul q ,nol al ato aqn,ln41 ?q,, w4 14fu 6 4ma/ 4 polt ?t/t lkaw ol "?//r Qto/t)o de) ./t"/ ru + Fa ont arok . lno)2Ftu/r7p. .1uo4aql aql pue eqt}p sltuo4eqt ]P sj )aeq )req 'pero, aqol stlgasI P J 'uoos,!aA urnler L q lul.lqorcaql s,leqy' t/1aodW!odw i.tua/, o', = bmt'tnt / s7ra4?!/at d ?n, of M'H _ 7q0/"1e?nq?a ;eu {q lqBu1es,pq1 0 t iraqlnoqe Buo,.r4q3u,{la1a1dLro: erea,r no1 'punol^pMSuorMaqls,tl 5 8 .tq8utnoqeqool I I s,tEqy'9 ZBuorM SurqloLr/Sulqlouros tr ql ^ SuorM s,slaql S 'tq8uno^sarues leql t 'MoutqSu,araqlq3 ! € 'SuorM.uoB s,3ulqt^te^lZ )reqrq3!eqll,t L 'Fe s3ulueeur qtlr suolssardxa aql qrlew ueqlouoril puelq6rrqll^\OL-Lsuotsserdxetp )oo-l ''' )opetold sePlls leaq tq?lul nor suolFluosord ol Papauuo)spron q)!q/t\ttr!peld,lsltl .stiolleluosaido !3 01,r oq uo)let plo lled lslu aqt ot ualsllol Sulo8ale no pZ UspreMralEsetourno^ qtlM op no^ op teqy' . Zsluod ô) Me,e lsnl ro setouJo tol e etuM nof oC , 2Saloue)El ol e Pqno^ oPsuorlenlrs 1e!Mul . ',uo)eqsuolFenbeql ssn)slc sdno8 ur )ro/\ L r\rii\\ifII ijli.r{r tlrttn,l.,,r't hg,:it('$,1r lodsprol @ rqaTtlrSEtrrJg tu11r.r,r,r PueSulualsrl -''''- KMmItr Collectand presenttips > How toprepare foraiobint€ryiew yolrtime > Howto manage )) Howto chooss therightcareel > Howtohave ahappy romantic rctationship )) How l0dross torsuccess intie workptacG )) Howto beagood lfiend )) Howtotearnaloreign tanguago yoursociat improvs > Howto tife )) Howtoh€succe$ful inexams togetlit andstayfit )) How )) y0urcotleagues Howt0 impress andh0ss > Howto e.thealthilyand cheapty Preparation neading 1 Workin groups. Lookat thewebsiteaboveand discuss th€ questions betow . Whatkindofwebsiteis it? . Doyoueverlookonwebsites fortipsabolt things youneedto do?lf so,whathaveyou lookedup recently? ' Whichsection(s) onthiswebsite wouldyoufind particularly usefut?Why? . Tryto thinkof onetip foreachtopicon thewebsite. 2a Matchthe tipsfromthewebsiteon page93to th€ correctsections in thewebsite. Workin pairsanddiscuss, Doyouthinkthetipsgive goodadvice? Readthe tipsagainandund€rLineten usefulphrases for givingadvice. TaskSpeaking 1a Workin pairs.Choose a topicfromthewebsit€that interests you or chooseanothertopicthat you both Brainstorm asmanytipsasyoucanforthe topic.Ask yourteacherfor anywords/phrases youneed. Minglewith the ctass. Taketurnstotalkaboutthe topicandyourtips.Makenot€sofanygoodideas you hear. Prepare a shorttalk,givingadviceaboutyourchosen topic.Reviewyour tipsandsetectthe bestones. DecidehowyouwiLlpresentyourtips. > Usefullanguag€ a-c Workin groups. Listento eachother'stipsandmake notesonwhateachstudentsays. Voteon the most usefulsetof tips. l l i {aql uoru€s q)rLlM UurBrrolaq sse13 . ^3ql ue) stuapnls ieqlo ol urellr Moqs.al,sqeM P suolDes uo oB luorsrtp ol sdtlo^rjalul . ro 'uod Solqrno^ auM uoqlraprolelrSole olutLloqtsstue&o,sd11 $0q aqtpalas.passnrstp aêqno( spalqnsaqljo p Burlr:,u auouosdttAut^tB,Bolq eteno{ aur8eLul. ,ôleqltdol e esooql L $u111r46 !n 6e1e1 'qolaq1 o1s11qs qrleulsaq rnor{ uernolrl$tlln0qe pue,pajtnbat stleqM Iutqluaql oJuei\pp urueJ notr lnoqe seqjnuselnopull0luIV , 's0urqlssaqllnoqs sûelJasu0i IlJrplstluallJ l0ta,(0ldula allIJ0dsud Jn0IlsLll auJnsse 0llsaqs.y'r(puatalyp noi( rrroul 's]leu '/fialFâal alfls6utql]noqe l[Ufl Jta apoJ ssalp eaêq suorlestue0ro s,(elr1y9 lsotupqltaquauar |uileq luesaop qjlqM.lueu0dut Isâu )aalu0slad n0,{ Ilpu0ras.urealq Dunlfileaddp i raqFaqla)jeuj . nol',(1trgsgglauaq or4sprlsrql6ur0p ale,{aql +eqa sri{ou)iollm auoau0s Lu04 dlaqJollsepup03uej0u6r i 0llallaqiels.ll.0p I rnolll,upe n0,{ leqlpualsjd l,u0p r uaql'u0ltPntts Jelnlued eut6ut0p ale nolleq,r fioDil,u0p noIll.dlsq l0l lse0Iple4p aqJsôNg I I1 r I I 'sa,{a rno,,( urale sqlouatls puepnotd itaqleq,u no,(sa1eu leqm arupenolleqrr:uaqllnoqp pU stll 0I|]n0,,( lsorlJ pqftôDliauled l00Ilal0)Atunlj0ddo ,{Iaâ alel ? i 'Jlls|]eai aqqIl oS.auo atenbs pue.saunfututsllnsa] n0,{ s}nd lp)jJeq u€Uo stql 'il)|Jrnb 00lss0l00ld puert} 0lsta)ipts u ltsseljauo g 'sllnsat sljsd€lqeaoeueu Iseqaqlaâtqte lleus oluru^rrop $jsel)iealq 0qr,4 asoqlpql s/loqsqueasau 'upl0uorstlai p!l0s jtspqFou ie0l3ee)ieu 0l st lut0d puelsllaqlss0tsnsostulrxeuLlrrrllpea 6upe1s pue6utuueld pJeq lluoleqlaat6e po4 7 spadxa 1J0M .Ieartquo tsnjl putsieqaq 10.€lstsuol pu0 oqM uoslad l,usa0p ,spuaul ^lai0lpieq st asnetoq anl6[Dieul l0 ji arueqt 0uspLl uosiad aqs,(efilv I Nau0qstp V.lsau0q I'm so fed uP Speakinp Sriggestio-ns andadvice 1 questions. work in pairsanddiscussthe . Doyouknowanyone whoisfedupwith theirjob? Why? . Whatadvicewouldyougivethem? 2a rl 0l 9.7Lisaisfedupwith herjobasa PA, Listento herconversation with herfriend Amyandchoose the correctanswers below. 1 Lisawantsa job that isbetterpaid/ morc live[yand i nteresting. 2 Lisa/ Amy comes upwiththe ideaof becoming anestateagent, 3 AmythinksLisahastherightpersonal qualities/ the fight qualificationsfol thejob. 4 Lisais unenthusiasticI intetestedbut a littteunsure aboutthe idea. 5 Amysuggests appt ngforjobsontine I contactinganacquaintance fot advice b l0ll 9.8 Now Listento Lisa'sconversation withJenny, Alex'smum.Choose the correct 1 Je^nyis unwitting/happy to adviseLisa. 2 shesaysthat quatifications are/ arenot the mostimportant thing. 3 shealsomentions ,nteior design/ computetskills. 4 Hermainsuggestion isdoirga collegecourse/ getting someparttime experience, 3a Tryto completethe sentencesbetowfrom the conversations.Then tistenagainandcheck. Conversation 1 1 Any ? 2 Thismightsounda bit strange, but haveyou3 4 5 6 7 I Yououghtto , youknow Yeah, You lool online,I Or why intoanestateagent's andjustask? | knowwhatyou why havea chatwithher? Conversation 2 1 I'dlike_aboutcareers. 2 l justwondered if you'vegot_ about_ do? 3 Youshould_ lookintothat. 4 Tobehonest, is oersonatitv 5 Obviousty, to havegoodcomputer skitls. 6 l woutdrecommend , _ youtry to get 7 Youknowwhatlwoutdadvise? _that a weekendjob with a localestateagent's. 8 That'sa reatLy goodidea,_ of that. 9 lf I wereyou | _ in the area. to alltheestateagenCs 10That'sgreat,thankyou, yolr advrce. b 6-i g.g M"t h th"r"ntencesin exercise 3ato the categones below. Thentistenandcheck. . asking for adviceandsuggestions . Sivingadviceandsuggestions . respondingto adviceandsuggestions Practise Doanyphrases sound sayingthesentences. particuLarly forrnalor informaL? 4 WorkinA/Bpairs.Turn to page129andactout oneof the situations, u0llYesr'1 'AIaJTJUTS SmO 'uoos no,{ruo{ Suumq ot pr€,{\roJ lool I 'no,i3TiiisjEiF_Slltrl lua tp $rr ustrrruepu)uE u€c Xu?duocnod qtr.,! osue I{ }q8rlu}?q}S5i5ng5?I Smqro-Tltmtfuei roJ orutoprsuocplno^\ no,{Jr lrgeler8oq plno.r Tpu€ pesolcuasr AJ ,{J I '5itqo. $5i-5slT-T-{6lful?Jftrlplder uer pu? siiFF IfPoTS-mql] s4rpF stoITII€ siImrtfoEd poo@: iroJlro^\ ol e{ll plno\1t ipqt (uEdruo)Joeclfteq (llJerr srsr.txrc'trdrrEdlllerolu-5it-55l5Tn-qm^pto_J6prletc.up <sjJ-r?-l:5i?t r\5tre5.lj mlmq-eolrrrlos arr-.ftFfu6rfq,lijlEn] Eu J Jluorn) ur t. 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Jallal SurJeôra^llelnradsv 3u;11.r6 NEWSPAPERS ANDMAGAZINES UKnewspaperreadershiFis declining I n l h e U K a n dt h € U S A , l . b t o i d ! ' higher circutationthan !roadih.i 2013 2010 .g 2000 50 s Themagazinefithihehiqhe5t<ircotation In mostnewspapers, in theUSAis for peopLe over50.IntheUK, covet€g€of foreign itsaTVtistingsmaqarine. newshasdecreased itsa carmagazine. InG€rmany, andloreign (orresp0rdont5have In Canada, it'sa cooKngmagazine. tosttheirjobs. Bycontrast,there r{;* l'50 ii :rvI entedainment news. iLr5lrxGstL_ APq .i.1,. I cooKrxc Reading andvocabulary Workin pai|5andhavea race.Scanthe mediainfographic and answerthe questions beLow 1 2 3 4 5 6 Whatklndof peopLe readthemostpopuLar nragazine in thetlSHowrnuchtimedoteenagers spendin frontof a screen? Howmuchof ouronllretlmeisspentonsocial media? Whathashappered to entertainment newsin newspapers? Whois mostlikelyto watcha horrorfitm? Howmuchvideoisuploaded ordownloaded every rninute (becarefutl). 7 Whatkindof newspaper ismostpopular intheUK? 8 Whatsortof programnres areprobably the mostpopularin Ind: 9 Whatsortof websiteisTwitter? Readthe infographic morecarefulty andcheckthemeaningofthe wordsin bold.workin pairsanddiscuss.Which information doyoL find most/least surprising? Why? Ulou {q/\ /^qr'Allu rd e)eldarFlstalduorr.^. llrMlel3 p )utqt nor oC . 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EEelp e opostd€u€ srlr,sn €ql0t eDdo dE i! lo ,o apoedaue sr),n sql urr€âMoqs t p€qrleMlsoui a{l 3Nt'tN0 hllll oNvAt Listening Questionsaboutthe media Workin pairs.Readquestions 1-10aboutthemedia. Whichthr€equestions you would most[iketohear ananswerto? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Whocontro{s the nedia? HowcanI protectmy privacy onLine? WillwestiLlreadnewspapers in the future? Howhasthe internetaffected thewo{d of media? Whatwitlhappen tory in the future? Doesthe mediareflectwhatwethinkor control whatwe think? 7 Doesthe mediaportraywomenin a negative way? 8 Howdoesthe mediainfLuence us? 9 Whatisthe futureof books? '10 lsTVbadfor chitdren? rl0r 1O.1Listento aninterviewwith a professor of mediastudies.Which qu€stions dothe caLLers ask? Arethe foltowingstatements true(T),fal5e(F)or is therenoinformation(Nl)?Listenagainandcheck. 'I lhe term mass media'includes the intemet. 2 h tne fJtLre.therewiltbefewerthansixmajor mediacorpo€tions. 3 Newspaper editorsusedto bemorepowerful 4 WegetaLtournewsfrombigmediacorporations. 5 Mediaismoreinte€ctivenowthanin the past. '1986 6 Thetop-ratedTV showin the UKin wasa soaPopera. 7 Tabloid circutation hasfattenin mostcountries. That might be whatI said ... I'lu,tit wasn't what I meantl When public figures talk to the media, sometinres the words don t quite come out right. Here are lome of ou! fa!'ourite examples. I 'l owea lotto myparents,especially my motherandfather,' Australiangalfer 2 'Theleadcar is absolutely unique,exceptfd theonebehindit, whichis ideniical.' FomulaOnel\lotarspaftcammentatar 3 'll youexcludethe killings, Washington now actuallyhasa verylowcrimerate.' ex-L4ayoraf Washingtan 4 'Wereyoupresentwhenyourphotograph w6 taken?' Lawer questioning witnessn court 'Smoking people, 5 kills andif you'rekilled, you'velostan importantpartofyourlifo.' American acrrcssandanli smokngcampatgrw 6'l'd liketoplayforanltalian clublike Barcelona.' Eritishfootballer Z 'Theword'genius'is not applicable in foolb* A geniusis a guylikeNormanEinstein.' AmericanFoatballer 4a Arethe thingsMonicamentionsevidentinyour country? Choosethree orfourquestions in exercise 1 to discuss. Language focus1 Reportingpeople'sexactwords Wo* in groupsanddiscuss. Doyouknowanypubtic figureswhoar€famousfor sayingthingsthat don't makesense,when speakingto the media? 2a ThearticLe quotes abovecontainssomeunfortunate that havebeenreportedin the media.Readthe first one.Whydoesn'tit makes€nse? b Workin pairs.Readquotes2-13.Whichdoyou likebest? Matchreportedspeech sentences a-e beLow to five ofthe directouotesin the articte.UnderLinethe Dartswhicharedifferentin the reDorted versions. a Themayortoldjournatists that if youexcluded the kjttings,Washington actuatly hada verylow crimerate. Thelawyerasked thewitnesswhethershehad beenpresent whenherphotograph hadbeentakerl Theactress saldthatsmoking kitlspeopLe ar'rd addedthat ifyou arekilled,thenyouhavetostan importantpartofyour[ife. The[awyerasked thewitnesshowhisfirstmafiiage hadended.The witnessreptied that it hadended with death.The lawyerthenasked whosedeath hadendedthe marriage. Theminister saidthathedidn'tknowwhat hehad said,butthat heknewwhathethoughtandthat heassumed thatthatwaswhathehadsaid. 'L .rtpe.rd ^Pnls',o!llun < 851aBPd € ,\\\$ 'sur€rledssorlsol uorlu.}lE:u rfed 's.r!.lu.s .qr 3ur](er€strlerdglL !;pd uot.O! 1d!trsotpnEle)oo] € 'Presuos.d reqxo€q1lEqMoêl.q 1,us.opr.le.ds .q1 F.t:ns quau4Elsqrtqm sruau.rpF eroLurq:r. or ualet t.0 L p_l 2!D$ed ss€[s aqr ut a]uira#tpaqr1 reqn z€ro v :qrnrlaqrtu IIsr stetqq.oqutqr oq/y\ 'Ples€qFue *Lt^^Sulrodarlldoad oMl or u.rsn r'01 'L 8SLo;Pd fpnrs pe€r I a):l.rualu:! ;qreapqrlM €l.lduor!r !P todar no^ op aoH p ar!.luas tp )ooi asluaualPr: lo s.L3sPrrodernoôp aoH a pue) saruotloste )oo" leq^\'. aruetlosre )too,tar a)rtsuorrafi.t! ol suiddeLt ?!ra€dsP6uod.r! ,o! a)rl saserqo aurt ot s!.caP! leq^|e du.ru.s re )ooZsuot1'.nb P.rodir PueD.r P le.MFq rapropros u .r!arallLp.rt1srleq/ri lsuorls.n0P!!oa;l i]nPorl!r suoLrtrunluo L| Lt/ 'p P!e q saruiluas1e)ioo ul a . l n ra q 1 0 1 ! o1 d a r x !. e s r q st r ^ q A \r . r ! a 1 ! a s} E) o o l Îera!.81eqr,,\ Zqr..ds paroiar u s.su.t !ra^ 01suaddeq ' E . s D F v au ra - r saru.1!as01Suurarar'Motaqsuotrsorbaqrraasuv oppr ares.SueqrsnoDeîpresouoeuosreqMuodar aa uaqrr 'pres tlenpe se/!{leqa Uodor PuesuorlPsrsûor leurSuoaqr 01 uarsll z 0t. tg uetailad-<a , pes - ar' '' pue )iurq] leqM s,leq]eLr.rnsse I l lEqMI ou)lI lnq pres leqM^ ou) l,uop . c: -ree^^ro^f :sseul M .lEaI leqM :ra^^\e-l 'gL I nf :ssaul A/\ zLll.rqlo elep rno^ sr ]eqM :.re,4^\el zi lusptsad sn )aa)c: , eceadlnoqe 6uq el llleel ele et\ lel ]noqe tlle]a/n ueqr' leql Mou)lol no^ lue^ lsnl I. i i 4aleurele ro elerue srql sEM reAA\Pl 'prEaqe Lllr' lqbrequrnpeul]noqv tsseulM .Mes no^ uosredeql eqlrcsopno^ ueC ,e^r' el 0I .1OL9LUOAAA) lleqlAA]qSUrS , s a c e l r e qul o 1 le e su e cn o ^ ' l e > l lr,lu o p uor]rsoddo eql puelole selqquplaêld srql] 6 z,ilpepueLlleeposoql^puv ,eI^ € l qlEopqlrM :ssoutrM .pue eoEureurlsrl,rrno,(prp MoH :re^Mel € liiri\i' , : j zPlesalooaoFqlo ulep sraleadsaq1op leqy' sarnpld rql le )ool \'?i: 'q)eeds Pallooerolul al)ltrpaql ut sstonbraqloaqllnd p t)U_fvud 01 ?lp€r\r Language focus2 \I,ilr'[ir, t$ul\: riuwllillrirritilr.". u,hili: gr,l'n$\s riil li 1 Workin pairsanddiscuss. DoyouwatchceLebrity interviews onTV?Doyouknowanythingaboutthe famousinterviews in the photos? Read the text on the rightabouttwo of the most famousryinterviews of aLLtime. Comptete the text with the phrases below. confesseito making admittedbeing admittedthat invited Rich.rdNixon to be explainedthai accusedher husbandof having b 6i to.s Listenandcheck.Why doyouthinkeach interviewwas soshocking atthe time? Readquotes1-€.Canyouguesswhichthreeare fromthe Dianainterviewandwhicharefromthe Nixoninterview?There aretwo extraquotes, 1 Mypoliticall]fe lsover(accept I deny/ invite) 2 hadb!limiaforanumberofyears. ladnh/denylrefuse) 3 | letdownmyfriends. | letdowrthecountry. \invite/ confess/ accuse) 4 l'm notgolrgto ta[kaboutmy private[ife.]tt too petsonal. (admit/ rcfuse/ confess) dontseemyself beingqu€en ofthiscountry. lexplainI inviteI deny) I didnotcommit, in myviewan...offence. \confess/ deny/ accuse) 7 | can'ttolerateit lthemedialbecalseit s become abnslve... \denyI invite/ accuse) I IoJld yo , |(e to saya DI rtoredbou( ll-e.r:Tes youcornmitted? (/rylre/ explain / tell) b Choose the bestverbin brackets in exercise 3ato reporteachquote, 1 Theverbsin exercise2. summarisewhatpeoplesay without repeatingeveryword. t'4atchthemto patterns 1 verb+ object+ t at assuresomeoneihat 4 v e r b+ p r e p o s i t i o+ng e r u n d 5 verb+ objed + preposition + geru.d 6 verb+ infinitive(withfo) Tverb+ object+ infinitive 2 Checkthe meaningofthe verbsbelow Matcheachveo to a Patternin exercise1, suggest recommend claim agree apologise btame offer pointout I ReadStudy 2, page 159 Diana, Princess of Wales WhenDiono, Pflncess olWoes,wos inlerv ewedonlelevis on n November l995,shewos slillmoffled lo Pr nce Chorles Diono rin ovewilh someone elseduring hermorroge cnd 'llrereloTionship p hodbeenrnore lhono frlendslr A t . e 5 0 mIeT p r r e _0.,op"oo's".p^.f trnttF: w0m0n ond_lhe stress hodedTooneoling disorder. Coming iromlhefuiure oueenofEngond,ih s wosexfroord nory Thehou ongnleryiewcoused o medio yeor, siormThefoliowing Diono ondChorles d vorced ondlwoyeors oler,she d edino cor croslrn Porls. Richard Nixon young ln 1977, Brlshrepoder Dovid fto$" iniervewed president onlelevis on ExLJS Nixon wosreported lo hovebeenpoid5600,000 p us20percent oftheprofits torhis invovemenl.ll pehops become lhemosllQrnousTV nleru ew ot olll meondwos evenmodenloo lim,Nixou lrodesigned lhepresdency n 1974otlefbengoccused ofcommttl ng 7_ Inthe nleru ew,Nixon "_ ihecrmesond ne .lou"e I oooo1"onj rir!t ., r rol t'ptuo er re e€ peopie Amercon downondhe o ol ol bodiudgmenls Theinlerv ewsWere hugey successlul ondmodeFrcslfomous. .suo!$0nD 0ql r.^ suePue)sePue6zLaSedol urnl uaql saseri{d oqt8ufpn$ salnulur/,â,e pu.ds srledu!)i.roA q 2ra/sueno^ 'uolsanbalqeld.rleues,l :V ],uo^{^qy' :ra]srurl4 3rE nol" ilBSdS 'eLosluaxauol, saserqd oql atolduol eZ )iet pue)padsql/l4sluerBelp )raqr Pueue]slt9 01 (9 q 's$onBItuqalal qlr/r^ sâr^r.lulsarnteoJ Moqs-v EL lPn e ulsaPls o,^ aLlluaa^ suoFelloBau alp oreadZL l lsq 'slureluouoaql,uoêq êql'u3qtaruls'ruaLun&e aBnqe peq(aqt LI 'srlool lueuoorurun ,(lpu€ 'srllod sl-IeuS tnoqeuo4Psreûo) U, OL '^lrlrlue)rs ro L3.sp;q ol oerip,suo) uauosrlssrno{ol ol no,()sp {Euraldoad'talnb fue^slarlo^rno^rl 'ltsnul uPqt reqlers/ alruolu!puesul-auoqd spqorp€i I 'ssnrs!P ol lupMoldoad v 9 ,o slolpahnse srlurod 'uraql sBurql lnoqe poo8 Ês no^'auosuros rlqBrq norjl S lo 'SLrruapreB uo s oq teqMtl oul eH t uooxauEs,eq:moqe 'luesard ales.raPrslno uaqM ooqs ol sennPellor lroMrol ePnrr,ll € 'ueeurfeqt teq/ifll]exa ês plP4e purur ot r,ust roql oqM ;uoeuios ês no^ ueqt no,( e.rou.r slop teqM lue]lodluq teqrt ueqlJopnolsuoll)v, lpql supsur,spro/\\ ' et)o ryadsto uro, parro)eqlqIMi olaqsa)ualu€s oqlalolduro)eL .Yl?tPue{Pads todsprol lEJOTSSOJO-dunSJreq 'Suluor$enb I puv ro aurtsrqtotpaho 'FFaapBrors,nateqtjananE aEllmq fros urlr :g no^PIPq)nur^\oH 21da))e 'Pdelll dLrluueop1,upp ^lrlrur:dp t, tts aqlrqe l,use^ t! nq l-aF.CnFnqe se^^ '^suor,Lr sruosrco')ep p | )Prrlonils,]r'ss^, llay' :g zleqloPartrP.p slqla)el ol ql rid^pFal roMsue ou.roso{ € eldurrs e a^r8ot no^lueM sjaua$llrno irelslurt{:V ''' seq)ns senssr ol tLeM uorlsenb lLelrodLLl rroqe,ilet le.lt raMtueor trula8Tour,-r,l lrq &,os ur,lz:g Alaoorceql'ulPqdul\ln€ i^ ulolr Zieooloôp {euoLutdarrelou ro,CpljroToI p.C, uor}senb slqlno^lseot a^€q Pre4e L!,1lelsrurh'os:v 'PAUU.raPun qrlq/v\ s! uolleurojul eqt uodar uePeeusrledul)iro/l PUPue!)!1!p0e ql!/\ /v\e!rualu! 'elonbqleaJoaSpssau uleur€ql uoda.r usql elonDqfeetooal ol qJa lsaqaql asooq) (aabe as6olodepuawuodJ I I 'eure8 uo/\^ e Eq leql flnoqsey' tqBus.r,no^ )urql OL (puaawoa/ueM/asrDre) 'no^ €ns ll,l'/\€rêrs np8eue elui no^j o (as6opde/hllo/eabPJ 'u-ielqord srqtotul)oolll,l pupslptapeqt€ure^lD I (fuap/asnld /ssaluo) qnp eqlSurêal ,o uoluelurousêqpuparaqXddeq,iaûreI 'orntnl,(u ualun ueeq seq lnoqp teqi elldse6I (.te!lo aaeg) qsqgn) tape / / osseMu{u eql leql llne}s,ro])orlP oqtse^ lt 9 \tsa|ua)/ llal /asnJd) 'ssenB'qofsq SuropFluo se^âH ûoLuaia) | .rersoaqt reqder8opqd aqttlq p1pI 'en-rt s,115 tp (eulelq asbopde/ fuap) / .snlo].tro^plnoqs no^)ulqlllllsI aqtlle.totfulos^lleorLu,lt lnq epeule^,eMsa)elslLu (puaww@ar/ ure^ / )alJoJterlB s,ll Lul[Mau,(Lu oospue03lle plnoqsno^lurqt | € (al!ût esD)e ssaluD) / I 'arnlnlsqt urellol enurluol eqPUP llrM 'tsedaqtul pel seqaq'^ ou sLralsru Luaq1 Z Bur^l (reJla fuap $e66ns) I / ii uorol upal ^Lr.r Sulqteuos str^ no^l,uop,(qy' [ tnoqea^ltlsod lueP! lod e ro'ueet qiods e jole8euetu .ql lels LullJe :euoqrPsPresoq/\ 'elPeur eql ^q pouodeiaraMqrlqM^\opqOL-Lsalonbpeeu eZ 1aôse^nelt le2ltltodslqle]]t palda))e uaxtNL 'qJeA peJrof,eql Sulsn 3]onbq)Ea odoipuee€as!,lercle ule8plool L l)U_tvud or qpaw ,N,N \*,,N'.:l'uol\\\\llii\ Dis c u sas n a r t i c l e \\,N Preparation iilrl ,itiintr,irr. ,f, ri!lri.rliri.,ri' 1 a Workin smatlgroups.Lookat the photosandheadLines. Makethreeguesse5 aboutwhateachstoryis about. Lookat the wordsandphrases in the box.Tryto guesswhjch artictetheyarefrom, rorensic investigators violatesomeone's privacy graphicviolence ratlngs undermine parentalauthoriry theAdvertising St.f iaris A!thority 2a Workin threegroups.CroupArR€adarticte1.CroupB:Read articte2. CroupCrReaderticte3.Whichheadline (A,g or C) doesit relateto? Reedthe articteagainandmemorise asmuchinformation as youcan.Compare whatyouremembea with anotherstudent fromyourgroup. Task l)i1:rr,',,n!,ir r,i1 1 a Youaregoingto 5ummariseyour articteto otherstudents, thenl€ada discussion aboutit. practise summarisingthe aruclewithyourpartner. > UsefuL language a Thinkof at leastfourdiscussion questions to askoth€r students aboutyourarticle, > Usefutlanguage b Da you thinkemployersshouldtry ta find an about candidates' personallives? Whatda you thinkabautvialenceon f\/? 2 Workin groupsofthreewith students whoreadother articles,Take turnsto summariseyour articlesandaskand answer yourdiscuss ionquestions, if ijf{"fftrU 'suoluldo 'qde.t8ered r nor Bul^13 toqs Petlr A P6s9n)slp a^pqno^saPlueaqtro eloul.io euolnoqeBolqe uo8ultueLuluo) a.tenoxeu8elll L l$ul:U,r,,,1,,1 dn rvrolloj 'lorl€uoJm strnpu?@.p Sme o.sp sla rr Fêdoq '3ullled prequ ol enn o. sJ{otdu: ,t!€u 'uno. m pe$4un sEAuo4Gf.J roJ@î3 uosed uomo3 Ea surud srqr.trqa ng \$qlo .{.?ûd aql :qI el's SuDFoar.uipoose uo punoJq Jo s4elou oqe stql s€'suoBe$.ûo. surruo uop.seq.replp@r! p.Farerrnod.'6. l?qa el? ud ped ot ro s8nt1esproassrdro.] or .^q I5q1 1?(1l lup? t!.rDd 0I pmos qAno.F lsE p36t rcu st tl 'r.âaoH SunuN{qof !.qa plu - .!o.uor .rrq ol ro! suose.rroJ iuDtoott m E6q dtq?qod pFoqs .a lel0 Blqlouos X.ql 1€q1 fu.p sFfotdu. rsou t.{.,rc E srstrDp@ (qdu?y. roJ .o8ed)poq..eC ile3et u..$ ! q no,{l muop .rtqnd lqr u sr leql IRu4eE ietqetd.c.€ srqtsI aroJSuppot I.qr re r€q$ .\ rp.q. or s' ..ldupx6 roJ .VSO.qr !I '..rsn!.,Jo u8rs€ sestD1.pproassld r.iopuEq n tr F8.t '3m{n. ,{@duo. n.W ur tg s.rEptpmcqol?upFE ee sledotdu. .ltulsl.E ry( ltra oqa rcsad peplnoqpa R$ eleppuec.qrJr .es pw 'itooq..€g uo s6d,{otdu.Frru4od lno lr:q] or 3tr root .(iuleru ? .{eql]ew upti sle,{oldua slep.saqr sedotduaJo ts..l3d 06 p@ r'r slorr€iulgnb lnoq€pq p?qsepppuRrreqr u..4eq u.qa,{@ 'ped no,(leqa lltpu.d.q 'qo,d.$ ?r^ Er€lduo. 01elqrssod.uIoieq sEq1rs.l?o,{ tueoeror sE'BursEalrurlaoq sEqslo^pelnoq€sFr?lduorJo requmuoqJ 'rueluo.snortrrer qtl^! o,!rrpu? 'rlctrd eqt ssorr? l€. s pq5in FII€qiooJ qcrq^\ " Erauo pepnlcE slur?ldrqo. Jo sroqlunue8l?l pa^to..r retll st€^p" req0 ,{]uoqlru pluerBdeuluu.pun ro moh"qeqs.ue+tqc a;uBq. or r(tqrlun se^\!.^pe .ql leql peFr ,{eql:}uBldruo3 oqrptoqdnrou prp VSr/ aqJ 'u.rpliq. Euotuesrauu?ruotq€l peq e8BmosuepFo.\r tr l"qi poluoa ale,{ qu€l9d ,{u?ur .sn€.eqslurctdruorIZ9-I proser? pe^r$.r '!9002 u ls?3p?orqs€a qclqa !]l3.rp. srlJ pooJjo IIq sqlnou n3q qll^\ Suduts sla)Fo.^\eaus -II€. Buraoqs!a^pe pooJ-lsgr ^lFq.e se^\aurrj IIEJo ue.\F tnoqepourctdluor rsou lql 8uoft{ ah pFo,{ llql l.ê,roH ,{u€qdselqro 8uu?r-f,. 'e.uolor^'xospourcluoc f5S llql riutqrtrtq"qordplnoi qureiduoc lsou eql prsnrj sue^p" qrq^{ Smssani 6uo,{uv alull ["Jo s!a^F e^rsuoJorsolueqlJo lsrtI peqsltqndseq(ySV) &uoqlnts sFepu€lsSurswe^pv)n .qI 'spuau! prE ltrD\'iog u3.q osp $q Pue-erejnr.E:: $ q.ns s06 ptr€s08eilt uo{ 3u1.qroj suedxaeJnodi: ptoJo suru.rs? pasr.lllr ltrueib.rl srs.u.s .rL s.runoÊJ '.io3pr^. 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(uoprn-'rs.^!r au..s.uuJ) rsa Findout first View 1a Workin pairs.Dothe fitmand photography quizbetow 2a Youaregoingtowatcha videoaboutd€v€Lopments in fiLmtechnoLory. youwatch,readthe definitions Before betowandtry to choose the correctanswet stow-motionfootage WEWWWS@MW,@MruM a filmmaking technique in whichthe actionhappens slower NMDFHWNO@&$PWK When was the frst 3D fltn tnade? a 1922 b 1970 c 2008 I 6 wlren were the fusi moving colour UnageE produced? a 1849 b 1902 c 1938 'when was the fr3t camera phone ifivented? a 1997 b 2002 c 2007 wlen was the the a 1726 b 1826 'When $,as the flst created? a 1975 b 1985 first photograph taken? c 1926 aligital carnera c 1995 @When was th€ lhe fi5t bfktng flIlr made? a 1887 b 1907 c 192? ? When tyas the first DVD solat? a 1976 b 1986 c 1996 Goontineto checkyouranswers or asKyourteacher, Searchi first3Dfilrnlcolour film/ camera phone/photograph/digltat camera/talking motionpicture/DVD / fasterthanh rcaI life.Thismeansthatyoucan see eventsin detailwhichnorrnalty happen tooslow / tart. time-[apsefootage a fiLmmakingtechnique in whichthe actionhappens slower/taste. thanin reaL [ife.This means thatyoucan seein detaiIevents whichnormally happen overa short/ Iongpetiod. a time-sticephotograph a2Dl3Drecordof a momentin time.You seea single momentin timefromoneangte/ manydiffetentanglesO watchthevid€oandcheckyouranswers. Watchthe videoagainandanswerth€questions. 1 Whatdid Eadweard Muybridge showforthefirsttime? 2 Howmanyframespersecond isa)norrnalfilm, b)slow-motion footage? 3 Howdoyoumakea filmthat showsfruitrottingin 30 seconds? 4 Howdoyoutakea time-slice image? 5 Whatmightwe beabteto do bytheyear3,000? 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'alqPlaql alslduro) uraql Pesserdurl spata lel,3dseql qrlq/!\ul urllj P uoqe 3uDlel aldoede^!j qrlPn (] et /rô!^Puol :slurodSuli olo, eql]noqEselouqeh seltsnpu! urllJaql lnoqearourlno PuljPue.ulluooD Coo,l{"{l-loH Poo,!\-{lloNOOOA!{11OS z^ oFq s3ulsnpulurllj oirql eqtlnoqe^\ou)noxoptel.ll What if ... ? , 'I How wou d the world chanr. ' learntto communi.ate wlth .--_ species,like dogs or cows? 2 r3 Whar rl we had the po*er ro -eachotherl thoughrs- how l m a g i n ei f e v e r y o n ec o u l dc h o : i : t h e i r c h i l d r e n !a p p e a r a n c ef : wou d the human race change, Commen! 4 Suppose thar mencouldgivebi= just iikewomen- how wouidr': 5 Inraginethat a harnrlessdrug wri inventedso that we no ong€. neededto sleep.What wo!ld r: +1:+ 6 What if people had to passan eEbefore they co!ld becomepare.: how would society chanSel Language focus1 I Work in groups.Readquestions1-6 on the websiteaboveand discussthe questionsbelow . Haveyou thoughtabouttheseq!estionsbefore? . 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'st.)rerqu! sPro^\0q1JoruJo,lrsJroraql qry\ serue asaql atelduo) /v\oleq l-L suolpnlls^rpulBpurpeau no( I Supuerdp?qol anpsre suatqdd EpUd aql JorolVru.rpd? auioFq orEuruurJo uoDDUtFnb ,o puDlouoslo3.do.d reqrauB ir turqr t(tFnDv f,tudal ssen8| ,usr|eq,uu?r ql xq E pot lqSrurt at r.uptnoA 'u.ql3uBea uo llEr orrJnrurprtq ?.q ptnoarl 'uaqr qrh rEqrr 3^!q or |oor os.q ptnoart 'P3ru?altpal llqrrEqM pu!:uDlurwdaal.!rr€q^\ Maut tqsra tpu! eE) o^^rpu€8op€ ro3.4t Ft$ op plnoraa qsh l[Ea I tr r| FFqEr iou ou bN issoq atquroqlu qr$)JoarE unoq alou p@dsor. Etl ptnoaI ']. np,!aôt,tu Japunsrnoq.soqr lE p!.ds ol.tqP aq l.uptnoaI iaFlroq aq ptnoMstq])ut!r I ) ,(l€) 6 s-LN3HNot 1)trfvud zauouseqqrlq/\ zsluauruo, o q seq qr!q/!\'3tsqe/,^ uollenlls 3ql uo 9_L suolFnts/CreurBelu! ot /tlolaqsluaululoraqt q4et{ e€ Interferingwith nature Sixty-fivemitlionyearsago,dinosaurs wereroamingtheearthwhenanasteroidstruck.causingdrainaticctimate yealsago,eadyhuman change andwipingthemout,Seventy-four thousand beings almostsuffered thesanefate whenlllountToba i n northern Sumatra, Indonesia erupt€d, triggeringa ten-year votcanic wintera(osstheplanet. Gtobal catastrophes arenothingnew.blt forthefirsttimein history, humans inaybemaHnq thetechnotogicat advanaes to prevent 5omeof th€m. IIIE IIIRTAI FiOII CLIiIIIIE CHANGE THETHREAT FROM ASTEROIDS Ctimatechangeis ausedbythe Solutiont!vo: stjruptlreoceans h 1908,anasieroid measuring extremely hiqbterebofdangdous rirettectua (quite about40 metfesin diameter tVedtures, a company smaLttoran sieojd) struck sibefia l " r ' r v F ( 1 5! ir40 r e l rl o r o n b a ' particula{y (co,) adm djoxide andcaLrsed eiomousdamaqe. Nad wdminq,h;spop6m sLobar Itisestimaledlhaiave,ao€otobat i...-,-^-*.-^^ ^,. ittanded on Beijinq, NewYo*, or . , , - , . r " " , r r ' f c i L b P se. a c h ' anyoth€rli rgecjty,it wouldhave oDoJrroone,reto 9 r d u. I ( y t u oa n d d e g c ebr ! t Le e l oo ' desboyed it. 5owhalp€paGnons r o . r . r u p r p o c e . . . W h y . rler th' rentury.eaUt1owlheefl"tu yourightoewoloerng aourowe shoutd wemake ta preventtuture coutdbedtastrophic,butaEwe wanttoOottrisi,qqam,tneanswer awaeoftheposjbLesotutions? jsscientjfi cattyvaul.Thebottom of Solution orq buitda huaenuctear th,"oceanis atmost fteezins andby ''.'...''.'..:-ltil|'nq''.0(o'dwdlelaortd(one &ob ftsa simFtesolunon: usea nudear t ol h e 5 u r l ad. e n dd b s o rhbe qa n d ctaryasitsoonds,aEoupof C0,,aidsocooLrhepEnc bonbto destroy anapproaching a6de-ilsFomBriti:hun;versih€sstercid.Thissolution woutd probabtyworktor snaiter astercids i \ @lirve ychso o i p e . ' e lLdoD v ar L o e D d . ( o o n . ' 1t 'o_'e r b : r n rp L d butahugenudearbombwouLd be p u n p er o ' n o u s q . r r i i t $ a n o r e c n n ? r y 0 o $ - _ D _ ' w needed forlrryerones, andthatis "oftoxicchemicals,auchassutphur ou.d Risks:thetubeswouLddisruptand a dangerin itseltWhatlfthe6ckel po$ibty djonde, iiio theatmospherc. d$ircyra life,andtlre faitedandrhebombfeLtto eath? Surprisingty, thereisgoodscience phnmaynotwork. Tlreotherdanger isihattheast€f oid behind theidea. ft echemicats nrightnotbedesircyed bui wolld iosit thleerstoDbumino wo!rtd forma prote.tive liyerarcund Solutron splitintotwoorthrcebig pieces. theeadhthaiwoutdrcftecisunLight !e!5 Then w€wouLd havenotonehuge andsocoottheearlh,muchtikethe probtem butihree bis,Gdioactive Thisisundoubtediythebesisotuijon effects ofavotcanjc suption. butisiieattytikeLyto happeninth€ cosbaround$l0bittionayear. neainrire? Cosi:bittions andbittions ofdoth6. Costlunknown,botintheshortt€inBenefi BenefiirrthisplanwouLdproduce ir: it maybeouronlyoption iiwouLdprobablyinvotv€qLobat if there*n'i much atmostjnstanrfesutrs. tire before an Risk:rcLGdoes have alnostwip outhumani\rinihepstthrolgh Beiefits:ifsasinpteaid€ffective $sksrdowe reatlywantto buitda thetoxicchemicalirete*edinrheplai. bonbthatcouLd deshoy theplineil Risks: it mayatready betoolrte. without6djcaLaction, ihjspLan j6t mean'do could nothing'. ,'.s!i"ir,i,T1ffi li. E' :::"i* nd Solution tworbuitda qiait umbrett! r! !!r!e American HJayi"lelosh 9eophysicist haspoposed bliidingagiant umbretliin space, onekjtomeffe wide.Theaim isnottosiop astercids €inin9downonomhmds butntherto coLtect andfocus sobr enersy, ratlrer likea maqnj[,in! slas.Thisensqycouldbefocurd onanasteroid andovertime, it fton ea'th.It woutd deit€djtaway wouLdtakeatLeastayeartowork, Costa fewbiLtiondoLlau. Ben€fi isritwouldr'tb€a dangerio Risk5: it miglrttaketoo Long io wo*. soLution three:donothina andhop€ Auyexpensi!€ solutioihas probtems. rse decide to blitd a hugenucLedbomb oragiant pays? umbreita,who Whocontrcb it?Sotheopnontodo nothinq isalways tlresimplest aid most attEctive. thequ$nonis,isittlre Risks:ifan astercid does threaten earth,wewon'thavethetechnotogy 'BuruJp^ lralfal u! aseeDu!ue asnet lpqol8 / osnoquaerD / 7t.tte uo ZO) a)|'lsaspB s 'dnldet / readdeslplua erd ot slopel8aLuos Sulsne) staBueqtalpurtl 'uo)Tnllod SeqLua I u! asea)ru!ue sesnet / otsaTnq!4uotauelddae^q Suttlaê{ '1113|luns peaar I Tequo / arnldet t,uop seqlol) )rel€ z -alsel^ 07 eTnqyTuo) / pelle / tueêld ot sd9! Surlr^)ei ! .(s)le/\^sue peror aql osooql € 'Buruutem ol salnquluor pue 1eqo13 quee oqt slpaqq)rq^ lLlSliuns palJer ol st stql 'Paseql ul qeluloq) 9 )rxollo lunoLue sql uo lredul:ue e eq Ll)lqM 'sluelo ees Aull u! aseeDutue sesne)uol aql 'sesnu^B eqt qllqM ^tplrlrals s ! ]ueJio rltlusrs t..l .rtdo4s€l€r ^latruilap no^plnoMuotlnlosqrtqA . 2{q/ 2proê J^q,^^ no^plno/ tealqtqrparol uoltnlosqJrq/. , zOsooqr 2$alFr8 eql st)ulqt noôp]earqlqlrLl/ . 'suo!$anb aql ssDstppuesdnorBlleurs u!)rol\ 'oserqrea uls!uoltnlos pr!qt3qt pueqlo^\ tpt{^ uollniosqtea Moq ^lpexe sp.lor\u,,v\o lno^ ulutpldxl 'u!e8psarnpldeql le )ool puelxet apq^\aqtpeau t )raqr ol ^lreuq ]xal aql uels zeqlqBtLu uollnlossqlleq^^pueot salepr.lnprd qrpeLualqord q)!q,,\ssanB no^ uel ;aq Plnot q)P3lo, uoseeraql .ôleqsalualuasen4aqtppeu ouprto^ r€tos rpapn! rprxop 'olqlssod aJaq^\suoseal. plnoqslauledlno !B 'e€eslrexoLlolj suo!$anbtliql Jeu]Jed ,rno,()sv \ qrnulaêqt,uopa^\, ,(essalaueq,(pul . a8ururp z\s.rlgedldq1;/eqol sLrse\. Sutqreordde ue,(orFapI,uplnoM. 2plorelsp eloL!aleelrlq8lLu , 1rueqtslualqojd 2sa^los zasooqlol ]seseeaqls . oLuos uo)roM^luoplnoM . isprolelsp :lsluotlnlos q:rqy'A € tuePnls jspalla.plsaêqPlnoM. oA\ê,âqt aSueq) ol aêq a^,\ueeutplnon . ae,\rt l^Dtrnb)ro,aplno^ . tuele#pe slparltqSlur . 2eqdollspte) ot,(la)llunst . 2u,al uoqsaql ul ueddeq zernleuul suaddeq leq/^satdor . :(sJuotlnlos qrrqy'A olur t! urnl pueposnerp{eql uaqrt,{3raue eJmdersaurLl)eu pupso)tqasDraxa Buluunr oq_L 'rele ^ Jopun leiddeslp loql pup llri puelst slsôleaspejle lltMeBueqr aleLull) leql lpo]êqf !notAeqaq ugar8ButBernorue ^q eBLreLl) ateLulp sleqLuo,llrrl^ qnp-oleues tl 'a;ueqr eleLullr luo^ d sdlaqq: rqm,,{lr:upala ueal),otPreua8 ot rateMotuotqSttuns pauer âq1 'L es!)J3xe U!r-eSa)Ualuas ol g*L suoseer qrleu ueql r'r'\oleq ploqulspro/6aqt))eqf v ]u3Pnls '^\oleqsuo[senbale!.]dordde aql ta,vrsr.ry splo.ralse lnoqeuolDos3qt pee!:gluapnlsa8ueq)aleurnr ]noqeuolpasaql peauiVluapnts.slred ut Uoy'AeE 'easaqlotrurlap,rod uor lo sauuolaûtndtstluolls , 'qnpaql oi ap^r ro )lPM(oql l! sarlro, u aldoadsl.l uopuolul qnplqBiuauo a .slltq^lD!Dol€ ^ ol ^lqrpsr)ut seq3uo)BuoHut ur,(8ouo p 'vsn eqtuluasocoêfor,l aql urrol.lloq)eool ]xaueo]]tLu000'os€arearaqf tll ot uotlpuejtluoJlaqteôur ol sueld ^ ruqeurelellequt)Jopuelsliql ro sluaptsar eql 'ettqM aq Paluled ol eÊqs3utplrnq ^ ou uo sjoorteu lle,eturollel u p )urqtnoôp]eqi si$ssi)1}{t"t{l pt"{$:l i,}:}[.t$t:u\" flelnqeron oJedsut elarqurnlue!3€ 3utplrnq. quoqre€l)nu aBnq e 3urPlrnq . suearooql dn3ul]]tls . areqdsoullp eql olul sle)luJaqr rtxol Sudurnd . . \oFq seoP! eqt qlP\ sa.rnprd qrleh aql salnprd aql lp lool pue uorpnpo4utaql pe.t .solulsptorolsp pueeBueq) eleurl, :sulalqord agaqljoo,qquoqp s!ilal3qI ? a^qîpuesauoqrlqi 2eLeslraxaulsr!.lqord eqlJoû€tnoqp/Olo,unoôC.s.Ied utlro^\ q 'spunospi o^ puesssrrsot uolruaUe tur(ed 'spioM aqtSutr(ps aslrrpt ?r€q)pupua$q z.r! z U 3rP]lfs rearo rfpsor'rp sarup^petp)Solou qrarslEluraqr1xol qanlt ssolSururnq ,Grau3relos suorldnr€ rtlerto^ sla^.leasBursli sqluoqrpapnu reModpu|M a8u€qra1eLlr, sslEnbqlea d,a)iulsprorarse uE arnleradlla1 .^peo/per uoDdnF pror.$e 2(s)surelqodrnool suorlnlosro (d)a)e,sBulaq upunq sLuolqotd se lpqt u€3sÎensnAeqlslv.xoq3ql ul sosplqd aql le )|ool ipass€4ss!qqpp(s q)tq^\ U^ôpqsPloM nre/6rue!rsaqru!p$unouoi €ntqulq. \o^.ql.rei oF ! tulpeex Task issue Discuss a controversial PreparationListening ofmedical Youaregoingto discuss threedifficuttcases €thics.Lookat the photoson Page111andthe key vocabutarybetowTryto gue5swhat eachcaseis about. Case1 to bebullied seLf-esteem PeerPressure plasticsurgery drugs to prescribe Case2 attentiondeficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder easilydistracted 0epen0ency probtems behavioural long-termeffects Case3 a lifetong smoker a life-threatening illness lifeexpectancy valuefor money thetaxpayer theagingpoputation 2a 6D tt.g Listenandcheckyou.ideas. muchof eachcasesummarycanyou wo* in pairs,How complete? c Listenagainandcomplete the ca5esummanes. Readthe fact file.\lr'hichcasedo you think eachfact relatesto? Task Speaking OotionA 1 Workin pairs.Choosethe casethat mostinterestsyou.Think of thre€or four argumentsfor 6ndagainstthe surgery/drugs/ you need. treatm€nt.fuk yourteacherfor arrywords/phrases > Usefullanguage a andb 2 yourarguments for and workwith anotherpair.ExpLain reachan against, anddiscr.rss themwith yourgrcuP,Tryto agreement aboutlvhatshouldbedone.lfyouhavetime, discuss anothercase in a similarway. > ljs€ful languagea-c 3 case,andyour for andagainstthe Present the arguments restof the classthink? conclusions, to the class.Whatdothe OptionB croupA:Think about 1a workintwogroups. the arguments lol thesurgery/drugs/ ineachcase. croupB:Think treatment againstsurgery/drugs/ aboutthearguments treatmentin eachcase. work in pairswith a studentin yourgroup. Thinkof asmanyarguments asyoucanfor eachcase.Askyour teacherfor anywords/ phrasesyou need. > usefuttanguage a andb Workwith otherstudentsin yourgroupand comPare tdeas. Workin pairswith a studentfrom the other group.Discuss eachcasein tum,givingyour persuade arguments for or against,Tryto yourpartnerofyoursideof the argument. WhatisyourreaLpointof view?Compare yourviewswith the class. > Usefullanguage b andc -:uotlsanbftI aql a rqnous raleqepcltqnd6ursnecs!3se33ql ^q/l^ :IEs sluouoddos,ZrO leqn :slrctunEres,z rc luaulFrl :spa3u pue queaq s,x sry\t :punorqcEq leuosrads,x srl lHvl.!wnsSsvc a -- FF- ':uo4sanbIaI 3q1 :slusurn6reureu pue aor^lo lulod s,raqre,srH ureurpue/l^3l^lo ltrlod s,ieqlolusrH rsruaurnore :paq!csard lueu4e34 aql pue LrolllpuosslH pUepunor6Iceq s,Sôa r{ULuel 3sYc ,^'uvL"t|/"rns ( Pr p ) . e r 8 e i u o pI { q1i\) ear8P.{tieroj r n q ' ! P a un o ^t P q / i . 3 s Eur..rBesrp/Buraar8v ) ''leLtt t a a t l n q r o l [ ] ] o s { t e i rt a ! } ' t P rD P r da qo l a ^ e qn o { ) ! q l ' otRlorM { t e r o us,j uo!doûul ,' 0 1 1 q 3 a r L { p t n o qasi d o a)du r l t tI a i e q o1P.^1oll"o a! (r,u)Plnoqs.Lls/aH uotuldorno,ttudr9 q - FF.!s :uorFsnbI€l aql a"r-F pueuorrlsod.sluaiEd :suosEar :suose3,pue saqsrr's,)l ssrfl (aless []a:rnsa'1,rc! ro raLtFqalo uor]sinbe s,r i ( p t ' . pa q , l o s 1 q 3a! q ri n o q er e q / t 1 . I laq.!F'.ts PlnosaoH i{u rl !o sDau. uril Buotar.^1aaql) asoddns/lr req^\ $ute8e pue ro, sruaun&v e : c l a ' 3 6 e p u n o r 6 l 3 e qs . y s s r l / l 3sv9 ûvwWns Language focus2 HypotheticaIsituationsin the past 'I with?why? Read thequotes.which doyoumostagree Neverregret. If it's good,it's wonderful. If it's bad, it's experience. Victoria Holt, author The stupid thingsyou do, you regret ... and if you don't regretthem,maybeyou're stupid, Katharine Hepbutn, actress regrets does 2a Read thetextontheright.Whose it describe? to page b whatwordsdoyouthinkaremissing?Turn What do p€opleregret whenthey cometo the end of their lives?Bronnie Wa{e, a carer from Australia, recordedthe regretsof her patientr in her blog ln spirationand Chni. Here are the top ffYe, a in the past.Tryto guessthe missing words. 1 she sed ves'if asled herout. 2 | folLowed my beherenowif | parentswishes. 3 lf I keptin touchwith her,we_ be friendsnow. 4 lf | _ seen teftworkontime,| _ ny children beforetheywentto bed. 2a. Matchsentences 1-4to regretsa-e in exelcise c fi tt.+ Listenandcheck.which spealers expressregrets? Lookat the sentenceswth ilonly or Iwish in etet.ise 2a. Do they referto thingswhichhappenedor didn't which verb form foLLowsf only andI wish? Za which sentencesin exercise3a referto the pastonty? which referto the pastandthe present? whichvelbforms are usedin eachcase? 3 compLetethe sentencesbelowin two ways,one referringto the pastandthe otherto the present, usingthe wordsin brackets. 1 lf l'd beena bit mo.eambitious, I (beprcnoted / benanasel. 2 lf th€y hadn'tsuppr€ssedtheirfeelings for €achothel they (geftoget efl 3 lf she'dmademoreof an effortto keepin contaci,we l,ot losetouch I stillbeftiends). I ReadStudy2, page162 y I'd had the courage to live a life ttlle to , not the life odrers expected of me.' . It's very important to ty to honour at least some ofyourdleams. b'Iwishlhadn'tworkedso . This came from every male paiient that I nursed. c l l o n l ) l d h d dr \ e c o u r a p er o e \ p r e s sm ) Many people suppressedtheir in order to peace keep the with others. 'I wish I'd stayed in touch rviih my . 126 and check. situations 3a Thesentences betowreferto hypothetical 'ffor d . Ii all comesdown to love andrelaiionshipsin the 'I wishthatI hadlet myselfbe . Many peopledid not realiseuniil too late thai is a choice. 5uopttttrueaêqnoi oO L Zsuoqtqwe 'suor$enb eqtre/v\sue red ur)iromreeqno^leql PUE)sv suo!$anD e lJaq] u/v\oP alrl^\pueua$!ls tL u, € 'a^rtll.r uoeod e st s! tqS4oql ltBuolMo.l zL '3êq a ra eql ll.Mno,{{lrunuoddoxsq eql s: 'srrtrno/(Jo q8norqlpatsPl Four sPqleL.llouosr')le Lrlslqord/uolllqure v o[ 'rla {lrurP}'auroq.rnoK q]!^\Peuro)uol sjll rno^lo tpd eql q .rno 6 'no{ V8 llll lq3r,!rpq}sLosr;seeslp 'uraql rol sLlalqord alPoD ol -oleLu loJ no^ll 1 $aq rno,{op no,('auoauros 'a)l l,uoPâql uollenllse ldal)e ilou rql qere \oruuorgses1ejBej oruesaq1 /rql Zslueqed e,reqlurr nor(lugqlnor(oC ssnlslppuesjed ul)|lo/t Z .asoqf, no{ suollenlls oql oqe{elo} surntq€lPUPsrlpdu!)ro/r l '/rôutuorajjlPeq Plno l leq/v\ ro peuaddEq e pqplnoi leqa lnoqe)ullll Luaql suolPnlsaarqlasooqfzeL tnoqE$]ou aleurPUP aspFxeurseuoeql allt stolSor{0, ta rnof eH q ol oêqâql uaq,4,(esgldoodteqi s! ,j , uot-rd 3ur^,teql ajrt {F)e{o slool arlets V 'leolj 10{ dleq ol lee^ no^ Sulqlauros sl v 'salPrauoslrd eqtllun {qlssod'uoslrdu! LujatSuole s! V g 'soq)eaq uo Sulu/sorP uro4 oldodda^psol srqoletoqMouoauios sr VZ 'selrols ul sueooeq 5e^l ursupeui.-./jJ leqa ol Pasoddo fal- ul. ! lear '/'ôlaq suorllulreP eql elqduo) Z .atualuasq)ee ule/, q r^saoBq)qêssqdlo pro^\eql oullopun q s,ajaqfislleql il lnoqeop uprno^Bulqlou s,rl ZL lnq 'azldeq] ur^ l,uplpno^leql 3u!tuloddeslp iuaqt ol llet Plnorno^ no^teqtallt osereslspour xe ^ eql !! loollsoLulP 'uPur alluaB'lernb e s!3u!)pprglparur'aBeLul ue.lrsqBnotslqsltdsacOL '1a)rPfrno^ uolnd oseald uq'Buqutsdrqsaqtlo ra3uppou s!eraql 6 'sn roJ 8ur)pL!srprolpuel tln)urp,&a rno']nosn,4ôjql {llenpel.uereqq8noqllv8 iaur] PJo alueqraql s.]lipeJluorprolarp pararouseqa{l 'Bulua1eelq1pu srssaulrslqi0ro^ t,uo6 9 'raprnur roj o)uatues e ua tB sp,rFsnlte aq1 .pau,Morp a eq B!!upl!q) aql'qrpaq eqlle^tnpuouaeql,uppqprenB oql]l t 'plromaqtlo sued$our ul SulsesDursr laLuo^pueuaL!qloqroJAueltadxa€ 'ate udslqtrnoqe suo!$enb sroMsue ra aure)reN ruueclope aqt z 'aulur jo uoltlqure Suolv p uaaqspq!.reJes e uoSuloDL a]!t 'uo!]FoolJelol oql ulI alr /v\oFq A sef,ue asaql LuorlPalllurou€aqseqajl!,pro/v\aql eL aln lodsprol "' qs!441 iur.l uo safs (lasleêu) | qsl^,I 0 t i^ltusraJrplle trop plno,u I sanurur o^rt l)pq )lroP eql Jtnl (ueJ) I ^ Lo ,, 6 'Irpd leqr ol (oBraîu) | qs|l^| 8 iqlnol! {ur (uodotou)| ]r tonaq Wnur- (aq) ]l iropreq(,{4} t4uo,, 9 'surrlerour(Molle)usl^,I 'luuaHrP &a^ (aq) sln {Lr req (t.ru tou) t., ;rr (^nq) | qst/r\| € itt (op tou) | qst,!,I z (u;ddeq raôu)P;u;ddeq a,êq-:5Fbu -pnoM i 1r,{llnta.e)o.roru(lDLr)p-b)rrqr D ,, .slalrerqu! sqreêql Jo t{rJo,poJjoreql qll Molaqsaru.lueseql.lalduof e l t)trfvud Speaking Reportingopinions Pn01EsI\ Workin pairsanddiscuss.Why areanimalsusedin medicalresearch? Whatarethe mainarguments for andagainst, doyouthink? 2 public ! 0r11.6Listento a report€rsummarising opinionpollson animalt€sting.Complete the four questions whichth€ presenter asks. 1 W h a t d o t h e? ... whatelsedo...? Whatdopeople feelabout... ? 4 Howwoutdyou...? 3 Listenagainandchoosethephraseyou hear. 1 Recent rcsea/c,/ op,hiorpol{ihavegivennewlife to thedebate onanimaItesting. 2 Atounloneinlive / orei, fe, peopLe believe that it is neveracceptable. 3 Aquarter/ Three-quarferr of people thinkthat experiments on monkeys andotherprimates shouldnot beallowed. 4 Motethar thrceout offive / four out offive peopte thinkthatexperiments whichcause severe suffering or painshouldbebanned. A 'for andagainst'essay 5 )ustoverhalf / underhalt thepeoptepolledalso saidthat expeiments on newmedicines should I Workin pairsanddiscussthe questions below. bealtowed. 6 Thevastmajoity / Atiny minority of people,avel 1 Howmanysituations canyouthinkof where 90percent, areagainst testingcosmetics onanirrals. animals areusedfor entertainment? zoos, 7 Onthe whole / Aenetallyspeaking,it's a ol,ixed bullfights, ... picture. Butthe results showthatmoreandmore 2 Canyouthinkof anyarguments for or against peopte areconcerned aboutanimaltesting. usinganirnals for entertainrrent? Writing 4 Readthe research beLow aboutDublicoDinion on smokingbans.Rephrase it usinglanguage from €xercise 3. 85%of peoplearenon-smoke$. 65%of peoDlesupporta banofl snoking tn aUpublicplace6. In 2001,only 35%of p€opte supported*e ldea, 48%.of DeoDle supporta banon 35%of peoplethink smoking shouldbemadeconptetety iltegal. 95%of psoplethink that the Inbimum ageto buycigarettes shortdbe 16or hi{her. 5a Workin pairs.StudentA:You area presenter on a radionewsshow.StudentB;Youarea reporterwho issummaris'ngthe res€arch on a smokingban.Act out aninterviewsimitartotheonein exercise 2, b Swaprolesandrep€at. 2 Readthefor andagainstessayon page115. Summadsethe arguments on bothsides,Werc any the sameasyours? 3 Choose the bestansweG betowto completeth€ essayon page115.Sometimes bothanswers ar€ possibte. t howevet / although 2 Arfhst / Fnstofall 3 lt'sinpoftanttoremenber / Dan'tfarget 4 SecandLy I Second 5 Lastly / Iast 6 ontheatherhand / however 7 forexampLe / suchas I Furthernorc/ Whatismore I Another argument / Also lOln conclusian lTo summarise 11lnmyopinion / Tomynind 'uerP 'u3r.ll leulJe e{r/!\ 'quaurllro)rnoâplnSot eqtesn suerp $lDitreq, s/eqloqteauo aururorol sunl s)PI rled uluol q 2uo!sniruoJ alll u!uoluldolpuosrsdrnoûa^t8no^ a eH . :eg tss!)axaul sasqqd/sprcM 8u!tu!leqrro teraâspasnnoâ pH , zrutoo€qun, Pio atour€xts ue q1!,v\ ruaun&p qrpaparroddnsno,(a pH . tsu!PAe aqder8ered /oJ qrPaulstuatun&Po/r^1lseol ]e apeuJno,(a^PH . 'qder3ered 2uoisnpuorpueqdprSued,lsu!e8e, 'uolpnPorlu!:sqderSered inol eraql erv . ,roJ, êsserno^ lo tlerPlsrlJaql a+/v\u3r0rv\oFq$!D)3q, aqt peau €g 'lu6rmro4 ue le,rnq€u.r_Ieqlq srBuIuE gslpep.rd uo FncoJpmoqs e.i pnE sa l$sod ow rsle,v4no saa!4€8€u lusum!€q.Ielua .roJsIeEluB fi4da$I Jo -rr 'al€q3p orn 9q1 te e&oq ' Jo ssp_rs qloq uo slEeu\8.cE fuor,rs ar8 oreqq -0, lsol sI 's!q1Jo podt€ 6rlq osnE €g suEunq T€uollecnpe prmor€ e^ll r!€qt uer{nr rlluuopl anrl JI€ql asol -6 'II3r\ marn 1€o.4 ol st€1IIFreqtsqtsI paraqpq eq tr{r€o .ro proJ5€tlr€o ue$o sr€doart 4ern puE suolqlpuoolBJn?€Inm'padmEm ur 1da1l ft€nsn ede ,feqt sa I €lq".fo[tro pu€ oJBso arl 1ou op rledr s-rqlur p€Fn ar€ oq.u rl€tr4rr€ lsou '€r\8.re ' -e ,{er{1 uropssq 01 lqFlr €rlr '8qq8].r qBEIIIB l€qt rlFaFFns T oE a Eq . asn€Jeq q1!4^ssJF€€Tp', €6pr eioqi srlt ilueur4€.-l,Ialu3 roJ stellro€ ft{sn Jo s$euoddo q)eeUoddnsol lulodFqunlro sldurexe upro )ulql PUPtlUeLUnSJeNsSUOrlSsarqlrO O/t^lAql eSOOql aqqelulueuostuoLulrodxa 2PauuPq Plnoqs . eL!oraq zueue]a3e^ o1aldoada8ernorue aql plnoqS. lueururaô3 aqSurlunq zPauueq Plnoqs. 'lsule8epue.ro,sluaurnSrp ]s!le sleN ro '/v\oFq s€1111,(esso aqllo auoasooqrPuesrledu! puero, e ell.r^\olSuloSarpno^ P9 )ro A êsso]suleBe )n eqlutuaddeq lllls slq8uBop'reê/v\oH / uorsrltuo q / elduexero! 'lar)ssul usddeq ualo âltxqp6loll,uop olweuodwls,t / e!o$t4 IpqlEquew arPslqBqIPL!ruv lnqsaulunor $oururlPSallr 'e)ueltte 1a3no,(l Fd E se]loMe uMoupr no^'pplroliut'1srl|v I seqTns I aldwexeto! letr.ltreat1luospuadop1r{6ro.4?e aLuos ul I JeAeAOq I luewn6)elerltoue',salets plM Budaa)'VSneqtu le8allrslsledseqpLr]rup 'pouodxe pue pauodr!requerqeuruPqlrqMlnoqesilnrl)lrls dP dagl'elow s!TeqaI Tuaurnare )aqlouv / ourrequnt\al€,|udtdq aqtouuer saredspar.Buppua osry/ seqrns/ a4aexaroJ 'lueurUreuolue ro] pasnaquerqeu.rueqrlq/r^ Sururaluol s^ el plls arearaql'salrluno) $ou.rul 'asuas aleu l,uoP .roSuor^{ereleq}i olaq(s)aserqd aql lno ssorlr t ',{l$Itd€c 14 e$I plr€ elqeldep€ e.r€ steElu€ ',C€s rlotil3 Atgqr€ pu]/ pIIrrAl€e.r e €es .re^€ l!€ql ' IEU!u€ , eql q u uollcuru ItLi oldosd 13o1l1 leqg,{e$,{Iuo s€ gAeq E€ulrre de$I tRrroq€cnpe lus|lodEl qolql\tr Eecqd .reqgo pu€ sEnlr€nbE 'sooz 'erEr€ -, sJ31loddm ' lueEule?.rslu€ .roJ pesn e.r€ ,feqg u€ql^ @o.rJ peqceF.rd €rE r(€q+ pr!:€ lgq1 pr!-e l.Ioqs €Êq rslJo plll eql ss Illu€s€eldrm -e 14 fleur!-{re ssamsnq luoculE1.l3laa aql 14 aJII €ne,{o[ue e.rcE prr€ .r3JBs E o €q rIEuruB lsou l€ql ,4€5 luam1nE?J31u3 roJ 8l€urnrE esn 01 yo sr lr aâr3q oqM aeorn ' a a1sr4€98 pu-6 roJ srtroEn8rB oq1eJ€ leqlvr os qoedser eroE ar\"l3sap sI€G.ruB ' -, 1?W er\8re €Idoed suos I€.rrq€u 5€ T ees pu€ pe1lrE.s .!oJ s.rq! orrq sn Jo lsolI 'eldoed Inellelus oq pasn a.rE {FuoqErqrE flaEfirB .req+o rl|ilEu pu€ s3sn fir 'sumTJenb€ 'sooz uI awmNwwNrffi WNWWSffioffi& Reading andvocabulary lianxe 1 Workin pairsanddiscuss.Are you interested in ceLebrities? Whataboutyourfriendsandpeoplein yourcountrygenerally? 2a Workin pairs.Checkthe meaning ofthe phrases in boldbelow. Thenchoose fiveof the sentences.Wlite the nameof a petsonfor eachsentence, wetl-known He/She... . hasbeena househotd namefor decades. . drawshugecrowdswherever goes. he/she . is/wasanovernightsensation, . hasbeenspaashed acrossthe newspapers recentty. . hasa reputationfor actinglikea diva. . trieshardto stayin the mediaspottight. ' is itt-equipped to deatwith the pressure of fame. . istryingtomakea comeback. Workwith a newpartnerTaketurnsto saythe namesonyourList andguesswhyyour partnerchosethatperson. 2e]llujapouu0a)uenllul peqPro PooBe ,(luleuselluqalar elv , oqlulluelrodru!os 2puoûrapoul euro)oqsêqsartlqalol)utqt no,(op,{q/ . 2a Pqno{ opsueerPIPP ro PuqleqM'osJl 2snouleJ 3uleqpoqe ueerp,(ep ra^. no,(oC . 2auoq)rql 2tou^q,\ /^qr'Aj^tun oddoaql peqno^ trMoLsnt^]lper e u yed alet no,(p;n016 '^\olaqsuollsenbaqt ssnrslc.sdnolSul )lo A :c .roJailssP e ^q pete^rlour eroM auaaH turnrehl pue preqrlU ^qeqord 'ele siouleuaua aqt,Aj uO ]sadeaq) ol dul^llpalpq)]edu.rPs ' pasnpr spi jo salllqelsr 3su eqt,funluar q16Leqt ul € ,ouseMelaql esneraq s3rllqola) le^\e,t 3ra/ aloqtr,&nrual ql8L eql ul z _eopDio)aiProl srolelPelS olll r.l3u t 'aplte aql otSulpro)rpsarualutss.ql etalduof aldLutulPc orPuoo -..-- uorlpl .u:.H q)tedups (ue1opreaqnofpep;s"..", !uo4srollnsrlqrssod eldur^rlec olpuoc oL t a/o€ upsns pl3u3rrq,{a3ro.D r", "r"r"o peeu.slled "i".':[roo::]:'u: plp^\oH ssnrslppueel)lJEqoqaoqt ut)lo \ sl^rioMalBurs $atearB.saluqeleJ6 asnPr3q)!ull) r!rlelqr/(sd e ul auJl aLlosluodselô€uesns g ZU€d3q] urllo]allp se^ ]l)ulql no,(op^\oH Z sluolprpard s,loqre ut L ZerulSuluror teq,1^ A)urq]no,(ops,(e,1 'suo!$anb aql ra/!\sup pueeltltJeaql ol uo8rnpolul.ql pe€! e€ 'snoure,t aq ot podxasreBeuaetlo I focus1 Language ,..1. r'r,t|'\{I,r]Ili.:rrt.]r\:linfirrititt*r reaLLy lf someone work in pairsanddiscuss. kindof a cetebrity,what wantsto become personatity aretheytiketyto have?Haveyou evermetanyonelikethis? t gotoacLub to c€tebrate, Its afiiendt bnthdayand shewantsto Whatdoyou do? butshe's iotsurewhere. bump Likelyto whereyou're a Younrggeslgoing somewheretun 2 areintloduced to vadousnewpeople Youarcata parVwhercyou 2a Workin pairsanddotho quiz. usingthekeybetow b Addupyourscores to page130andcheckthe quiz then turn go.You'rc suggestions aboutwhereto Youdonl tikemaking to lindoutif youhavethekind conclusions decide. happytoteiotherpeopte Doyou personatity to become a ceLebrity. of go.If its not'the enddecidesto Yo!wajtandseewhereyourfi it says? agree with what rightphcetobeseen',you'ttmakeanexcuseaiddosomethrng namesand b€rpeopLe's a Youmakea biqeffortto remem somethingaboutthem. r-.memberpeopteveryw€lL. b Youfeettoo neryousto betierthanyou rememberyou c Youexpectotherpeopteto - thatt whatusuaLLy happens. remeriberthem having andtheyare someofeweatihy, Afrieid ofyoursismarryjng goabout guesis. Howdoyou a bigweddinq withrichandfamous choosjng anoutfitforthebigday? ptanri'rgtow€arand tookfor a Youaskotherpeoptewhattheyar€ 3 butjthasiobe speciattoweat b Youtookforsomething ir theiuture. thatyoucarwearagain something anoLrtfrtthatouilhines c YouputaLotofeffortintofinding rightpeopLe eLse, inctuding thebridellripressingthe everyoie atevenlllikethjsh exfienr€lyimportant 4 Woutdyou be despentetoinrpress Youmeetsom€onewhoyou're preparedtoteLttiesaboutyourseLf to makethe ghtimpression? asyouare,th€nthafstough a No.lfpeopLedon'trespectyou whatifpeopLefoundout? b YouwouLdn'tdaretetttjes c Whynot,ifit hetpstoqetyoufoticed? 5 ata sociat A ratherbonngex clasmateheadstowardsyou qathe rg. Howdoyourcact? ndsomeone f otto remember himaid quicktyfi a Yo!pr€tend g to tatkto. morejnterestif move0i makeaiexcuseto b Youhaveafrierdtychat,then whowon'tmindtatkingto you. to ind someoie c YouarereLiryed Underlineallthe infinitives(to + verb)in rhe quiz andcircleattthe gerunds(verb+ -i,9). Matchverbpatterns1-'10belowto other You suggest 9oin9 sonewhetetun. + gerund 2 preposltion . . . put effatt into ffnding an autfrt t h a ti s t h e s u b j e cotf a s e n t € n c e 3 agerund Being famausb the lastthing yau 4 verb(+ object)+ inflnltii,e A repotter asksyou to be in a phota. Yar nake an ellort to remembel 6 adjedive+ iniinltive Youre likely to bump inta ftiehd.. 7 too + adjectlve+ inflnltive Yar'rc taa sensibleto wotry abart it. why someone I an infiniuvethat describes doessomething(infinitlveof purPoseJ It's alldo.e to attract attenlton. e Gane)wherelane/kins + \adie.tive +) . . . suggestionsabout where to go 10 v€rb+ (objecr)+ infinitivewithoutfo You let athet people de<ide. I ReadStudy 1, page 164 6 Youarcat a chanryMnt anda reporterfromthe tocatneffipaper asksyouto bein a photograph.Howdoyouread? butyou keenonbeinsphotognphed, a Youaren'tespecjalty pradjsjng in ftontofthe b Youposehappity.You'vespentages tookgreatin plrotos mirrorsoyoualways hidebehirdsomeoretatt. c Youmanageto Q 1a: =2 b = 1 c = 3Q, 2 : a =b2= l c 3 0 3 : a = 1 b-=32, b'2 c1,06:a=2b=3c=1 Q4:a=2b=1F3,Q5:a=3 ûeaArB no^ 2saldurexe uel l&lunorrno,(uruedde!srq1.)rtsBuLql oC Zlou/{qlA/^q^ZqlrM ssr8eno,(l,uop/ope€ospraxa urrruolsrlqr qA\ sAau zsguols . tr u iot {.iosrseal/lsou lsa,no(oPoqt/. , 'Moleqsuor$anbaql ssn)slppuesdnor8u!)ro/1 ? eArB raluasard eq1saoc z Zsuorurdo,(ue r eqtro,a^r8Xaqlopsuoseer teql L esuoluldo 'suollsanbaqlreMsuBpuPurPBE uelsl -Moulol ',{pM lqBL aql eêLlildoad ]uaral P E ur sa ellaquiqt pup'aSpurl )rtqndure er P saleerl,{]!qolar e Jl , '3uo.rMsPM { urel puellon aqt }o tuoLu}eoi}aq-La 's,ro0eosMau aql s,xs,t p lou'unq areuarplrqls[] lltlnp, ^)P lrd ol snourel r\ 1q3r.ql.êq aldoad ' '.. ' ''.--.^', \ rr'prw: lqqw l ol ssnrxe uPseuarplrqr stqButsn sxq I 'serots qlns tuud leqt s.lededsMeuI aql3ur^nq roloLuelq ol oreltqndaq1€ ! ) 'suollsanDarll ssnrslP Puesrledullro,{ q d (ro):ie.lr eL ro prLde.Soro, sucerdolouc :ri.Jicnor'op q).lM g (elPrj -0110elJocro r qel.o,ro- (1"01)a_o,ee'aldoedraqto qltM uL(tU)'porllou (d.l.o {lL (1"3) r eu rol oC S "sooqi -ro saueu Zsarerrraql (iaqLuaLua4 s,d'€o.a ]p Jeuaq'lo1.rv t lraaurauraij 2Mou)noâlooaaq]rMu) lsj puatno^ op ro'Mou)l,uopno^€ldo€d rddeq o(are r1€ seruedtV € or(1e-)) /l.o 0310(d-otda{De€i(ro8) puodsno^ op aLuqq)nur Moq's3EraAE uO Z uo 3uuaqtP3 ZuMo.rno,{ leDos lnoqeleal no,(plnoM,1ôHL 3rq p ot (oB) uaqox 'sla)lrelqu!sqla aqlro L!ro, pexol aql qtl/l^n olaq suollssnbaql aFldurol eZ eLUUJs9 iore) 2$aq e)rl noôp solonbq)tqt )peq) pue ualsr'tL zL 0 tr q âlsal Ie) jrt6!l[fa4'aplty t0.s0,.Foqepqtel(iq)-6rlous!lPql puElnoqppaflpr(aq) uEqrasror6uL'J1 .uo,!uos'ariqt n ^))ig J-e suoluldool raualsllaql qrreN q ;ÎueJ puploh aql pue reurP!aluipolueuun aqlol)l16qlEduJ^ssraua$!l orpprp ol ua$q g zf eg Four arv n oL{suFeuoqd Ul 2reqlour roqpuppuelrohal]olreqlol peueddeq leqy' Z ;uoqre1eBe1 ue)et,reLleuetua p€urpuun, aqtspq^qy' L 'suollsanb aql rar!suePUPsauoF s^ aUo/v\feqf of uefsll Z'ZL t[ 0, Z uoNsuaduror e^rarer01 ^tBuorM auoa!uos asnrre01 suoqas,auooLuos orul)lrEq01 ! n o r u r i P . d a eo 1 ProuPreo arua!adxao1 p otqel e radedsMeu tsa4.E'tnat\tlanbod,'pt:ûot e alLrraqlu s€Mtoqur^s xas€ (aq) ,,, (3q)-,, rapatpu4{'uaUV [paa//l . t.!pl I rouqDruqlr!(3â!u)P) ,.luPMr ')iro,{ q6norql û fi'tplroum tueMr,uopL l (a^6!qr€) " )a1p^\'4Loqaju ! ,iu]]ea arenoâ]$Mpaldnx€tuL q6noua aienof lPql (u€au) 'luprnelsar p no,l(ra6)'" ulatqqpoob € louuq ., -0, qDnoua puHlsaq.qlslaup}qrar!/,lV; s!t:{oÊq) uDasatatsuptuaaV, u41ua.qutwDtuaq -" qtroaBrErpqrs6utqrop . r n o q e( a t L a ) r0'(ppal ' ] l r o de r et p q i s 6 u t qBr r ! r ,râ q r ! . , p e a p " arpnolsp uoosse'ua$otuot (aq)-, ]uen r,uopnof Ji, z ^rots freûd 011q3! e a^?qol lerDtDod^q/tsUrod^q e aq ol auo:Luosasp3lpup,qnq ol lSeulÎurel SuorFP aêqol uotpe leSata)etol r re}}Ptel|]eur-elrxaue aêqo1 !D1'u4{'auuoNunurw .re$e (aq) , uoqp(u'parp) -,, s eu r yq r n us e r i a u s p i i e l i e { a q ) , L ^.rols sl^rols zlnoqe q)pa noôp aqtul saserqd rqt Jo teqi'saxoq )ulqt Bulueer.u aql paq3 erpauJ aq] pupsalllrqaFrlnoqe salrolss âuo ^lrP3qolBuloSore no .rledul )Joy' uotpattD uan,adu . urq (a\ru6or.r)-r uo4 stdoad(luaârd) sreia uaqi'urouijaa , rassEt6)rep (3uo]3q)-. aln sLqne sfrod oqn uosr.de sr,{uq.tar v 'slo))erq ul sqla eql i:l\il l)\.ilil }iir.:l.rrr:li:)li}r" tl Ii:xiii{.1.1 I selonbeql alaldcuo3e1 ,o ruroJparo) eqt qll^^.,uo1eq Eu1ue1sg1 at 1)u.)vud 6E?J Language foeusZ Whichcetebrity currentlyearnsthe nrostT Complete ih€ articlewith the phrases below I ookaLt'repnotos.WhdL do you knowaboureacl person?fyou'renot surewho eachpersonis,check on page'130. Readthe articleandmatchdescriptions A-Ewith the celebrities in the photos. Shedied 50 yearsago but achievedimmoria ity A through her rolesin {ilmssuchas SomeLikeit Hat. as an actor but shefound it hardto deal with the pfessureo{fame and somedirectorsfound her unprofessional. Hef deaih at the age of 36 was sufioundedin mystery.Sincethen,she hasbecome 'the most iconicperson in the world'accofdingto imageexpens, and sheis still regularlyvoted the __ womanthat - Her imagecurrentlyearns around$27 milliona year. Not n"ry peoole know thar he $a.red ou.ras p v ai ushergLid;ngpeopleLotrei- seatsi'r a cinemain Memphis.A recordingof lhat's A/right got him noticedand he becamean overnightsensatton, adoredfor his good looks,and changingthe face of popularmusicforeverTowafdstheend of his life, his ,later careerweniintodeclineand' photographsof him showthat he had become a-, bloated and unhealthy-looking. However, he stillmakesover $55 milliona year. Togerhe'wit1 l-isba'ro Le rccoroedl-isdebut ,^ \, d b,T n ten aoLr.s whle sLHef;-gtrom a cotd. The songshe wrote made him a livinglegendbut in 1975'andinsteaddevotedhimselftolooking ;riirii;it;11 i:tiirilll i iiirn] ii ' ' . . . . . he hatedbeingcriticised slredesperateLy !",/anted to be takenserious! sheotiens€emed to be suffering he bec€me notorioLs for not lookingafterr -.: he decdednot to focuson muslcanymore nroslm€nwo!Ldliketo havemet despte havingdiedln 1977 after hisyoung son.Fiveyearslater,just as he was makinga comeback,he was shot dead in NewYork. He stillsells millions of albumsandearnsarouno $12milliona year. Fe maoe ^:s musca oebut at tê age of six, l\ l/ 6"6 1'u6t;r 1rr11.;iw'le l he wdsjust 11 ye",s going old, on to becomethernostfamouspersonon the planet.However,he found the mediaspotlight difficult,and " in the press.Incredibly, in o€arn, he may be makingrnoremoneyfromtouringthan whenhe wasa'ive.thanksto a stageshowbear-9 hisname.Aong with salesoJhismusic,he now earns about $170 milliona year B . - , " 1 9 8 3s, h eg o r h e r ' / s r b : 9 b . e d ( F E ,r ihe age or 16 whena reco.d.corpany executiveheardher demo tape by accident,and gavehe- a reco.di-gcont|acr.Sre d€velopeda reputationfor beinq unreliable, and from drink or drug problemsbut her songsand pedormances were often brilliant.Tragically, she died of alcoholpoisoningat the age ofjust 27. Duringher liJetime, albumssuchas Backto B/ack earnedher $10 million,but after her death,shewill probablyearnmuchmore. 'FlJeLrJJedns aql ur €6ueqc 6uor^ eqt (a^6) o! I (tes) eL1l4s,lrtou ro r6qlaLl^ pue ileouol qcnuJ]set lluo,fiôlc^crq rnol leLtl ]ce, eqf -sa leter ro, slussard êpqurq (^nq) IeuoL! q6noue reêq louj 'dleq ûe ]nolll!^ rauurp )jooc pue asnoq aqt ueelc burddous aql op ol rlcedx€, - 6 ness.)3u lt ulp3eu4s!t saru.ru.s.qt Bufps €slpsd q sproa.siqr rp 2parunouord /\ôHsPloepass€$.qt)|lpu pueu!e3euarsneZ si)uaN€s aql or:^ U3ql1proMruo sl taq,€)inuoF'pauor e) q)eautsproMloFqunu iqrrunor PUPs.)uaru.sxrsol u.rsl |zL 0-j L 'uorltsod Flcueuu rno/( ur ,uerptrqc(a eq) ol €lplstL! e sE/I,^lJ ]ou Jo leqlsqM 'q6noue InFsaccns lou er,no^ asneceq no^ q}l,|v\(aas) asrye,l oq/u sacuetuEnbcv ' .saqtolc /\Aeu uo (pueds) I€uor! Iue (eÊq rou) 'êp[oL] uo 06 ol aKe /aq) I€uoL.r qEnoua (eêq tou) € 'saped €tqeuorrlsetol (al|ûDreâN z 'no^ uEql Injsssccns atoul (euocaq) rrlees spualJ]JnoI l|e Iq^^ 6uDepuoM - $n0uEl fllDl|c[10il0I,[0'{ 0l$[||!il||0t il il0[u[,t,ilrrt 'no^ buleaqg sr ]uElunocc€ )no, I ,,|outt ot loN / 6u!Mo6l +oN 'euroq pjlrjl rno^ rres ol / 6qt as Lt!o/v\ s,lj torJ ro raqFq.^ 6uUapuoM 1 , 'slsll aJeduocpuPsrlPdullro A q :retndurolp asnot Moq^ ou) t,uop no^ esprexaelpq no^ a3PnBLrel auoueqtarour no^ t,uel lpsds ^lD Miu e ol eôu noI p Moqs e uo arp no{ nl^trteer luetsoluol qol e no^ to8 l,ue^Pq tuoBrtlatul pue3u pooB,{leuarua s leuled rno^ . 1oo1 raSpuaale !r,no,{ , :rt lnoqe xljo^\ lou ol s8ulql a^rlJo lsll e a)eLUpue^rolaqsuolFnlls pZ aqlro aerql asooql sdnolSur }ot ot 'peddeupDt 6uleq / oulddeupD| AtI.lJel)no^ moqE outr(lroM 'tooc pue Jeueetc lnaJjneqc alqeller e 6urpuu atqno46u!êH / aêq o! 'pooqp uc FLUroue 6ut B.f/aêq ot uorpllqc rno^ rot etqtssod s.il leqteqM 'sJadeds êu eq] ol ^Jols xerB as o7 / 6ul as u€lee.rql oq/v\ spustrJrt6 ro spuoufoq-xl 'slsleuJnol uojllsel ^q rresfcgrJc aq oI / aslcB Ja o, 6uo6 s! asues ssaJp JnoI lou ro JeLlleLlM 'slePerq ul sqraâqllo Lltoj p€JJo)aql ql!.Mlsllaqt etaldLuof.snourejpue q)!r -tON a.r,nortrlnoqe/iro/\^ ol s8ulql ual, ppsu q 'sre/v\suP pa,uol aql asootppue.snoLUpJ pue q)lr ar,no,{J! lnoqe ^r.ior ol s8utqtuel peau p! 1)u_)vud 'Z,(pnrs pe€rI S9rsBed (atdDi!€d lsed + 6ur e'i) punraRpot.d e - sLtd€,lboioLtd ayet ot / Burtet 6ur^rl s^€.ate aJe suEJ esnEceq ecead ûe 6u!*e6 toN / outnag 'lqJed elq€uolqseJ € ol 06 no^ Jeâueq^\ Zzdeded e+l Aq pa^ôlo! 6utag / 6ulô oJ 'snoLlel auoeLuos qI/\ ueas 6ulaq / 6ulees oit Fntro 'no^ e)tllttear aFoed lou ro JeqleqM - I (.1dll]Ed rsed+ a/eq) i^rluuu|D.|.ce 9 l6ur+ or.^ + aq) a^lrrLrur snonurruor e 5 (aldlrred + ,u/aq) tsed purroS.^rssed e t a^rrurlur 3^lssEa e E \6uts+gra^+jlul p z punraSs^ne8a! rr)q4F! .^Brurlu .^np8aup ! 'aor.q suo!!pisap 3 q r0 1 r a s ! ) r . x au t P ) o qu t s q r . ^ a q rq r l e N $||0uul 0I,[['{ ilu ||clJ 0l$[||!u u0l ,!u0[uf,r,ltrrr H o l dt h e f l o o r l i ' \ j 1 Work in groups. Ta.keturN to choc€ dd speak about a topic from one ot the carrts. Each ropic can !e chosen ddly orce, 2 The speaL€r mat attempr ro speal on rhe ropic without hesitation or .epetnion. 3 Th€ sp€ali€r wim three points if they speal for 30 s€conds dd I Opoinrs if rhey sp€ak for a mirute, Anotter member of tb. group should k€ep time, 4Ifth€sp€alieriesitat$forloolongorrepeatsthesameiitea/point,anothe!grouphembercansay,cha:ll€nee',Ifthe group m.mbers aAree,the speake. loses a point. Tll€ sp€aker shodd rhen try to .ontitr!€ spealing for iI€ remaining rime. 'o plnor' aqs/aq B sro^ sup eq1aut8euI 'au.:e3 eql urslrdolaqlJoororJl ro euolnoqeuraql)spnor qrqMurolroqr,tno^ {leu13euu1 uea11Li4. ]o ^l!qal6r e ql^l Mer^re1u1 'uoluldo 'aureB r nof r^r8 3u eqt ul rldot aqlJOauolnoqeallsqa,^ P.lO]luoLur,llor e a1l4\Ar 'd\oleqsuoltdoaqlJo auo asoor.l) fiutlrrs dn 6e11e1 r aBPnBuPt tnjasrr. $eq8lq zdnortq)eau! arotrs 'oure8oqlêld aql peqoq11se1ru aq1Bur/rôllo, q puee o8en8upl lnlesn< 'se.plrno^ ol saseJqd oqlesnupr nor ,l/\oq Joaurosssajdxe oqe)iulq]pupxoqiBpn8uellnresneqlle)ool 'p€auno{ s.suqd/sproi (ue.:o;.nqrealrno,( )isv aureB€qlêldnoxaoJeqlldol q)eaq seap!ro u!)iro/\ lslr€ alpt{ a^r,pueaarqluea,Mleq }o gdnoJ8 Su11ead5 1sp1 opro^pldlnjsssrrnsun aql plpleqM . 2BuorM Z,{q^puetsoqprpoq/\ . i]noqe BuqlelêqlareeLrrpB eq1euorlsrrdolqcyq11. .suol$0nD iql pueeuue8 ra,usue aqlSutêldaldoadeaJqtol ue$!ruaql sprer.ql uo s'dot eql peous.z! U, 'opol leqîpue$Fpunno^leql Peqr pupeute8 eqllo selnraq] peaus]ldoluarerrtptnoqpq]3uel te leadsno^qrlqr!\u!aure8e AeldolButo3ereno zslqte)!r,rool,aqrBurploq,oqelao,noôp/rôH ''',\rot tE sdupau u! 'aldoadreqto luorj ulql8ual te leadsot e pq to noûaq^ suo!]entlslotgll e qer{ sdnor3ulllo A pue3u;uols!'tuotlelpdoJd 3u11eads Findoutfirst View 1a Workin pairs.Try to comptetethe factfileaboutMalawiby choosingthe correc answers, 2a Youaregoingtowatcha videoaboutMartha,agirlfrom Scottand whochanged the Lives ofchiLdren in Matawi. Lookatthe pictur€s. Howdoyouthinksh€didthis? FACTFILE MALAWI Populationl Arcund15 / 55 / 125 miLlion Lif€expectancyl 55/65/75yea"s Averageamount to liveon perday: 60pence/t6/t16 Percentage of adutts who canread: 34/54/74 Extraordinary fact: 20%of landis coveredby a desert/ water / aforcst b Coonlineto checkyouranswers or ask yourteacher. Search:Malawistatistics / Malawifactfile O wat€hthe vid€oandput the eventsin the order theyhappen€d. a l'4artha andherfamilyftewto Malawi.' b l"lartha's [oca[counciL herfromtakingphotos. banned c MartharaisedoverI100.000tl-rough do'rations on herslte. d shestarteda blogaboutherschooL dinners. e Manhabecame fedupwith herschooldinners. f Themoneywasusedto builda kitchenin l"latawi. g Thesitebecame evenmorepopuLar h Thebtogwentvirat. Matchthe startof a phrase fromthevideotoanending. Thenwatchthe videoagainandcheckyouranswers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martharaised Hersimple blogwon Marthapostedphotos Shedidn'texpectto hit Herlocalcouncilbannedher Thedonations rolled Marthaandfamity decided to I ManyMaLawians live 9 Twothousand children a the headlines at the ageof nine. b fromtakingphotos. c headto Matawi. go hungry. d Longer e rnoneyto buymeals in Malawi. f on60pa day. g wo{dwideattention. h to herblog. I in. Workin pairs.Useyouranswers to exercise 2band3 to retetlthe storyof Marthaandherblog. ''' dlaq ot spreMol seoB âuoL! âql / '" punorepsslPlspq 1l'up3aq 1refurs ''' sesrer lnoqe luaêsql!ee^qrpl 'suortpuop/drqsrosuods qEnorqt IauoLueslpr,(eql . . , . .teln dod l,{lunor rno,(u! soltlreq) ro luPtrodullsoLuaql ateq)lq^ t Z^rlMpuP teqr'osll 2^tlPq)e dlaqolSutq ue auoPro âuourpoFuopraônoâAeH. amoqe{lSuorFlae,no^teql sesnPl alqeueqlraqloûearsqlsrv . 2^qpoôur$ou lealno{ oPPALrOlluaLu sasner sql Joqrlqy' r 'l! pue ssnrslp rlolaq suol5anD aqlJoauo.soorl) sdno.rS u!)iroi l 'selournoêleldr!ol ot ule8eqrle \'/(]ps$)euJl 9e/v\sup puesrlPdu!)rol\ q rnoêreduror ' ' ' o l a P qs l u P c D l l e d . '" o)ulsareldSuqet ueeqspq tuaâslql . 'no^ dleqol /tlolaqslduord oqlasn peqtrleossr no,{leqt luaô Sulslerpun,aql lnoqe sqderBered o/\^tro.uo etll,\ utrPW I qf,Jeesellnof dn eluÂ 1/ ^llexloBuo|^ le^rra,^ / {eCasoNpa! / plrot aqllllqf:qrlpas ro] pasnsl (auouroqt leq^^ pasrPlseq qlnLu^ oq 11,(ouoLu s0^10ûl tuaôaql ]eqM BuroB uaaqseqlr3uolmoq u3&nf '(uollsenD ,(ra a lai suepu êurse)Peds auros)olqel oqtetelduof .Zesne, alqe eqt e dlaqro ot êuoureleuop 01PAOUT {ar r3 anoxe eH,uolsenb aqlSu!e/,^sue aldoadeÛqrF/ O eS . . r . :9 rodBul/.ôlp,aql $oqe salou3)eN l noqe aroLulno puu ol aulluo oB puesluercSulslapunJleqolSaqlro auo asoor.lf /têr^Puol lP ltseMf . ,(IP! loBuoh aqf . ,(PcasoNpa! . p o/ eql Il]!1 , 'a)elo s.)et tuoô q)ee aJ3q,!\tno pulj ol eulluooD ;/v\opqslua € fllreq) eq]ro,(ue jo plpeq no,(eêH ri.,lt'l.li.iil:i:ii.\,i1,"i,iiliiiiLr;t*,'\ii\ri-.lr,N\\, ll,l,ilii,.lur\\,rl.-\l1* Unit1:Wordspot i " r ,r , y . 1 r,li .lr'riir::f t,, rri't,r ',,, Iilrili. !.],,ir :111 StudentA 'l Unit 4: Language focus1 'l Rewrite thesepassive sentences in a more conversational styte,usingtheactiveformandthe AskStudentB the questions below.StudentBshould givethe answers in brackets, word5in brackets. 1 Whatphrase withger meansto improve'? (getbetter) 2 WhatphrasaIverb withgetmeans'to contin!e with'?(getonwith) 3 whatdopeopte hopeto getontheirbirthday? \Pfesenrs] 4 Whatcanyo! getifyou don'thavea map? (gettost) 5 Whydopeople sonetines notlaugh at a joke? (theydon'tgetit) 6 What's theopposite of'Leave thehouse', (gethorn,C P AnswerStudentB'squestions. Unit4: Vocabulary andlistening i :r ,.' ' I r'' !a,"gzfoj"1/{i2t1w2 new toothbrvrh poti leiterj ligl^+bvlbs blr+6aat c^ra for 6r^^^f €^v€lo?et Unit 11:Language focus2 . , 1 1 , 1 . r , ,l l i r ' i i : , t l : ,I i wh:t do people regret when they.ome to the en l of th.ir live! aronnieW.re, a (arer from Aurtralia, rcco'ded the regret! of her patiot in her blog, lr?tEtton drd Cttqt.Here .re the top five. a 'lf only l'd had the courageto live a life true to mys€lf, not the life oth*s ei?€ctedof me.' . lt s very imponant to trf to honourat l€asrsme of b Thoneloy-wycarA have y assgorl Tholot laVen c d colle.t Arf cle^î^g .heer€ : e 'l wirh I hadnt work€dsohard.' . Thjs cameiiom everymalepati€nt that I nursed. 'r only I'd had the courageto eryr€$ my feelings.' . Manyp€opl€suppressed thei feelingsin orderto k€epth€ p€acewjth orheE. I wish1d stayedin touchvith my friends.' . lt all comesdoM to loveandrelationshipsin the end. 'l wish lhat I had let myselfbehappier.' . Manypeopie didnot realise untiltoolatethat happines is a choice. 'ctl 'qtEe 'a^rrc aera atddv tzvs 66 'ruo>lrer{ er^lls ol 6u ut i ddp aspald ltJM 'luepnts lns plnoM 'lelluassaaruerl 6ur^rC ola'slpaL! )iool )roMeLuoqesrruednso1 'looqls reuP pue arolaq(0I pue I pebe)sioq oMl roj arer ol )eeM e srnotlST peJrnber(elell]ejro aleL!) uosjedrllsersnqluepup ^lpua!J'elqrsuodsad EICINTfiITI=TIF'E5ITI-TEViT Eu;11't6:6 11u1 sqruou ^\at lxa! eqlreô trauou r n o ^q 1 Mo p o l 6 u u ! e d a r , n o ,i(e t l M elrrr,srea^ uar u[uaraj]rp eq iljMa] lrnot doq êPqurql:au rno^ 6! l]3â srLllrojsue d rnol s r n l n ]a q l r o j s a d o qr n o ^ P ! a ) a a / rs^l q lr o ' s u P l dr n o ^ a u D , s r e a ^ 0 gu i l u a r a l lp a q t r Mp | o N \6 L [ M o r e s r n o rq s i6 ! : s r ! l q s r u lnj o l u a q dr o j s u € t dr n o l laaa sr'lljo lsar oqlro' sue d rnol aLli}eqM s { p p ! e ^ e s} x a ua l r r a ^ o a ) L l a ql l M r a q r e a M uaqlroj slo ltr p€rd rno^ P!e s l r u o u r + oo t d n o tlrx a u . q l u s e r n l l L j 6 u l o c t s s u e l dr a a r e 'r n o ^ sqllou ae,lxou eql ur .)teu o] Ita)tr ere no,{s{.uriol poooleal snafou ol raqpar'\lulns uoL+erou sotD. 1 loll aoqs ol oo saop+ ]n€ &elospuD!1peq uopcnpa e)l eol3ol re+o alnsoelr.rl3L{ isiedns as6q1urluDlodo /ua t,us 4qDqord ro!_#raa I D, eq ol s i4uno3 o lddoq aoq selnsoeuqcrqe 'xapq,{+radsord unro6e] eql lo a^S dot a{11u D aro uepeas puo )irourLrac,lo \roN ro s34uno3 uDedornlLraqloueq1 .oDra^DuoL-+ reppc arc p ro^\eq1u sar4uno3 Feddoq oql to auos +o!1aoL.ls ^pnutuo3 sê^rns oqo Dr€ aouiurrF s unsoql ueLta€ddolt aal l,usaoF, ort/"\' o raUV an4 aq ol s q1paclxa p noa epoad +sonl aoldood sql rolddoq eql ^r|unoc oql taluunssql poLtesnoLt r( onba seroLt3 eL46urDq: €rDleuroapuouau aroleqO9OZ aq ,\1 ,enuuro.e6uoqr jo sepi tlerrnc ,! sou ddoL-t01qlod aq O\r,, olloj €ro )n 614 ut usru o lDr+ uoau l,us€op +oL_{ Fê^ oH .pelrollr ôg 01 ra{ourso op ort,!\asoql uor4 44ry arour oqo €r.^3q1 +unoLLro passa4sssel€ro froa.snoq aroLuop oL.t/!\esoql loLjl punol puo eeqol000't €ô peaarua& [a4o9]C troaesnoqloFoer op ôql I ra odort 3ro u3u pL+ puno, ro+so3uotto ltis€ un €Ltr lo |F4!9 eu{oroJ ro ^q ^pqs +ua3€ro rq )i! qt lqorur noi 'iuou+oN bu op lotue iLorycDotdoadArDuraotl a)iroaesnoq sseulddortot lo ^rnol uDatC OLr!3ddoq pu $ tDqa lnoqc 0u lLjrtt01 ! ]nclsaqcro€ser aql io euo sD'.lsooDuorcua. !o si3r3q1lelnduoc o 6Lrsnrc ouuserel ,urDerplop 01sn ao o ttsr'-ta\seuo uoLtlraiddoq sn3)loLuot puel spueu 016u I 01 ro Ou$oFxa so q.ns +ueserdeq !o smo,rsnojou qr qs sa$l.v plnol LjcD4ereLt+'lddol.tsseero 6a,uodpiop ea ua!r\ pLrV 0u uoarplDp aur t O! fDr'4rno p lleolod 6.9t pusds €a t'q1 pLrnotqs ootoL.p^sd11e€^!n plo^DH ^q q.rDesar{laseu Fneq s Lt+rol lroddns 3u[ueos alJos sr oreqlaoN lua.€rcl3q1u 6u ^l rq punoteq uo3 sseuddoLl pqtsn €tslorlpo4snoibnarpuo o3r.]dosotqdluDn pulu ^ddoq o |ou s! pulutoulropuD,vl V , uOs aqr peeu raâu plno,{ ea. 'p Dsltrg,'p!oa loop 'rD u , parepnocua leq ssolpu )t eL+iq pesrdrnsaroa iaql prall3o ! trq sour+€urosuo rdsns puD 4 usortporelunocLJ€ laql ,eu 01| 01. ourôsuo|so Ar|ppr] ?rol aeN ur puu p no. êql 6.0lo le{tlo ûo puo sralro3 1ee4suo 'sdo$ snq lD tc IeL]l srD3i 3erq1rol palorcl am ot ) 01aq1pe!o$ leqr tDr{ oepi €L$^q paiosut os aloA )iro aeN uo4 64ar. €puo ^roE znlrq !6u30pnrpuo asuasuouuo]lo!q o sannbel Ou$ooqC d qspu€r4puD ^sno ^qo .]1)l D1or eaouD4sLtcL_ta )cnlOupuglo:^€.uoF aL+sasDerc!I al ! set qrssodaeu dn suado sreouo4sor 6uqp1 eOLJolppnols ea lqoLt Ds.i 'uolresrM proqsrurc or Olprocro io urD3 aa ln€ uerplLr.]o suossot+EU eqtlo auo s,l eaDuo4sp oô ar\ €ur t eq lo $on sra6uD4s ol ,llDl itl:!! put rl"ej J)-eLtlCsJ!;J e r n t n j r e . ua ! l u u o 4 e r q € l a t r r o , t r eedr o j s u e l c l I luaPnls :Sllun 1 snrole8enBuel tulleedspueturpeey:711u1'1 Unit 1:Wordspot Unit 8: Task StudentB StudentA AnswerStudentA'squestions. AskStudentAthe questions betow.StudentAshouLd givethe answersin brackets. 1 lf it s too far to walk,andyou can't afforda iaxi, whatcanyo! get?(getthe b!s) 2 Whatphfasal veb with gel meanshavea gooa (getor wettwth someone) relationship'? 3 Whatphfase is lhe opposiie of get better'? lSerworse) 4 Whatwlll probabty happenf youwatkfor ten (you'ltget tired) kitornetres? 5 lfyou afetravelling in a lift and t stopsbetween floofsth€nlr...?(getsstuck) 6 What'sthe oppositeof leavework'?(getto work) Unit 5: Language focus2 '1 n 2009, AgrisKazelniks ran20rnelres ln 11.40 seconas. Hewascarrying 300kgat thetlme 2 fom Sietas seta newworldrecord whenheswam 200metres. Hedid t Lrnderwater press 3 Paddy Doyle completed T,868 Lrps in one hourln 1993. Heonlyusedonearm. qe6(6;16 4 r 2 0 0 4S o r , a r o r r d . d l " . t 8 o Sto d i d i t i n n i n em n l r t e s . L-eF 5 l r 2 0 0 a l d - " . ! D d h I d l " d . ) b a l l o o r' r n l n u t e sH . e L r s e dh i s r o s e . Unit 6: Wordspot Whichexpression withtrJi... 1 'ra"r're are 1"" i g" or " o gL-' 2 meansinitia[[y ? 3 isthe opposite of lastthlngat night'? 4 meansthe thjngor placethatyo! or wantmost? q mpi.! nrrha L,an,ho.t. r r,,7 6 meansyou fatlin lovew th someone assoonas you meeithem? 7 |.lFir. L- i r.o --ra a-r'ro ,.'(o- I < l - - d " d o t p e o p l e o - r h r g , r " . r , o u g er L h" yo! first seethem? O i( : r,,.a ^f r mn a ma.li.il ..ra7 10 nreans'before everyth ngelse'? iIr,riilrr r : l ; I , i ,r On9th l\r.rch1929, the bodyof31-yearoldlsldorFinkwasround in the b.ck roomof the laundryheownedon FifthAvenue, N e w ' o \ . I r I w " s d ni n m q r d n r r . o 4m o d e r n d a / L i t h u a n r c andit s€ems that hehadveryfew fr endsandnofamlly.on that ev€ning, hehadmadesewrallaundrydeliveries beforeGturninq to hk livingquarters at 10;15p,m.At 10:30hisneighbour heard ( r . a r 5 b - t r c 9 , n s | - o B r " ndoe q d e d oG | | epo'ir Apoliceoificerhappen€d to be nearbyandmanagedto.each thesceneonlya few minut€safterthefi6t(reams had been heard.Afterintervi€wingtheneighbo!ritheofiicertriedthe front doorbut foundthat it hadbeenlockedf.onthe inside. Testingthewindows,hefoundthemallnailedshutonthe insidqtoo. Becausethe wlndowsweretoo 5mallioran adutto g e t t h r o l g h , t h ep o i i c e o f f i c e r a 5 ka esdm al b o y t o c l i m bi . a n d Theoffker wasfinallyabletoget intothe apadmentandsurvey the (ene. Fink!body1ayon the flooi ten metresfromthe dooeay.Therewerethreegunshotwoundstothe body:nro in the chestandone in hisleftwrist.How€vbrtherewasno gun in the apartment. andno valuables hadbeenstolen:therewas moneybothin Flnk'spocketand in h scashreginer Ihe polkesearched rhe pfemkesforhiddendoo6, blt none werediscovered. TheyinvedigatedFink'sba.kground,but foundno (onnections with lhegangsteBwhotetrorired muchof NewYorkatthattime.However, Finkwascertainly frishtenedofsomething:he had madethe laundryinto a krnd of fortre$.Allthe windowshadheavt,iron barr.nd it was equippedwiththe bestlocksthatmoneyco!ldbuyNoohewaseverarrested forthe murderofkidorFinkand no motivewaseverfound,Iwoyearslaterln a radiointervi€wthe oftker in charseofthe investlgation, commissioner Mukooney, dedaredthecase'an unsolvable mystery'andto thisday it r€mainsin the'unsolvedcaseylilesof NewYorkclq Police. 2dnleadsol no^)spseu laurosaldosdoC 2)lP1llPurs]o lol e reaqro^ oPsuorserroteq^ uo ZL 2qlel areaa plno^ aldoad]o puL)teqn ur ed a)e1,(lqeqord 2ra!/L!rqe)ll ro^ oo 2^rluno) rnor u Moqs)lletrelndode aurPuno^ uel OL lsoq ereleqM',dorl5 zlnoqpBur)le1âq] ]l 6 )let aldoed 23uqoorol saulol]t uaqi lpq^ Mou)no^lulql noôC lnoqeBuqlelar,no,( o1 lllaeaq/+losurLq o1auoaLuos rol aqoraqltqSrLu suoseor leqy' I )1P1 ro XrBue 2Paseald eqno,(plnoM'norlo^lrl3q a)odsauoau.ros J 9 ol suorJrdo -ro^cadlro( oD .Jlasrlo( qt tnoqepurur ro'sBLl rnor)eads ot puatnoôd S 21ou^ql /Iq^ 20ppr)lpl ot ue$rtraânoôO t asProM qeadgleqM'SLlxes all013upro)rv€ ueqlrapnol . L J d . l t s P . e vl € oo l r or oP qtL/\^ Moqrauoeuros sLuratBur)eadsuo 10uer,no^]l Z ZêpolsMauaqt ul slulodSuqletLreureqt areleql L i. il i. iifiii$i:ll 'tilir" iif rl! :! 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'suousattns savur'Pu3uJ E g r3q/uLlparuonlolr srr{aqvaqln1t sreal]rtrl 'xas3t$oddo3qt laquaur e^rt?€]!? u€ rotustLIY . to 'suorisaSSns s3$u'pua l e'g aslnoituircâu€ op ro r$€lui aan '?dn a)i?t 01SII?A pm dn pal sr V 'suollsatnnssiIEu'Pua'{ e'A eturqr € sluer pu! qofraw€q sa]sqy'rsr.la{!'j '/v\olaqsuollPntlseqllo auo asooql e reqloP dn Bueqno^) lo ln, l€3 no^ q aurt raqlouP)rEq euoqdol a3Lrereno^ E lPa^loserurelqordsrlt 9l MoH t raqloP l eulleql uo suralqord uosradSuorMaql3urua8doa)q ller ol eurrlPeqe s,lrP zsrnl)o uralqorc]eqy' € raqloa lno lqBruP eSueleol p e aBuerreot ) Sull.aursseLirsnq luLelcurore 3)eu ot q leqr ^lPuau,e roJE zlnoqeleq/ /{ql z raqloo spuaLrjoAl P sanBealoloAl f, Fluoqd.l.l/r.uro$nr q pual.rllrlS/pLr.Lr jôq e sl oqy' L Z8ul)eeds ti lrj iltl,:.il:ri:lfirri:\ii :t.i,i I ir,l tuqeedg:6ltuq 3u11ead5:g 1;u1'1 Unit8: Task Unit 12:Language focus1 StudentB 9 1l*iirfs nr Fess O n 5 t h N o v e m b e r1, 9 7 5 , a forestryworker caled Travs Wa ton was driv ng home through the woods n e a rS f o w f l a k eA, r z o n a with six of his co leagues, go den disc about six meireswide suddenly appeared,hoverins a h e a do f t h e m .T h e s e v e nr n e ns t a r e c l r n amazenent.Then Travis did somethingextraordnary.He got out ofthe truck and wa ked towardsthe d sc. was afraid it would fy awayand wou d m ss the chanceof a lfetli.e,' ne As Travisgot c oser,the disc made a oud no se. Ihen, a c c o c ol ir o " e e - m - o b - o . o b . - 9 - . lghl shot out from the disc and he d Travs above the grouid before throw ng h m backwards.He anded severa metresawayand d dn't move. 'Let'sget olt of h e r e l ' s c r e a m eodn e o f t h e m e n i n t h e t r ! c k a n d t h e y After a sho.t dlstance,the mei stopped and decided t o 9 0 b a c ka n d i n d t h e i rJ re n d .W h e ni h e y g o t r o wherethe d sc had been, it was gone, aid so was Travls.The police were soon invoivedand searches began Blt no trace of him cou d be fou.d. A s t h e d a y sp a s s e dp, o i c e b e c a m es u s p i c o u so l t h e menl story.A lof the men were g ven a le detector test, which they al passed.Then, {ve daysatrerrhe dlsappearance,Travs'sbrothetsin-aw recelveda p h o i e c a l : ' T h i ss T r a v i sa n d n e e dh e l p .C o m ea n d g e t m e . ' T r a v lw s a sf o L r . do n t h e f l o o ro f t h e p h o n e b o o t hw e a r i n gt h e s a m ec o t h i n ga sw h e nh e h a o disappeared.He seemedafraidand !pset and kept t a l k i n ga b o u la l e n sw l t h t e i i i f y i n ge y e s .H e t h o l g h t he'd on y been gone for a few hours. Alter he recoverecl, Travisto d an exvaord narystory o t b e l n gi i s i d et h e U F O N e d e s c r i b e d s t r a n g ea l e n s w l l h e n o r m o u sb r o w ne y e sa n d h ! m a n sw h o s m i e o but said noth ng Soonafterthe event,Traviswas 9: . " r- d-r.c o. -\'. F- o.ao A av ,o. - . l.-6 he tooktwo more tests,both of wh.h he passed. Yo! lack confidence,and tend to hide behlnd otner peop e (sometimeslltera yl). You wotry too much aboL: w h a t o t h e rp e o p e i h i n ka n d a r e t i g h t e n e dt o s l a n d oLr'rote.ro^d B-n9'a-o.. s.te a,..1-n9 the world yo! wou d enjoy.There! noth ng wrong with that, but try to be ieve ln yo!rself a bit more. I t y o ! d o n ' t ,n o o n e e s e w l l l Celebtity potential: A/10 A - a ^ 7 to rJ pslnTs Yo! are seli-confdent and comfortab e ln your own sk n and yo! a waystryto treat other peop e with consderation Yo! are Jartoo sensibe to wony aboui b - 1 9 ' . - o i , I r o - a . - a r - -- o i - l - e t h a r s g ' e d ( b u t y o ! a r e . ' t 9 o i n 9t o o s ea n y s l e e po v e rl t l Ce/eb/ity potenlialj 5/l0 14 to 18 Boiil'ts Y o ! a r es ! p r e m ey c o n n d e ntth a t o t h € rp e o p l ef i n d yo! fascinating,and almost everythng you do is done to attract attention.Getti.g not ced is more mpo.tani t o y o u t h a . o t h e rp e o p e s f e e l n g s .( O t h e rp e o p e ' s fee ligs don't rea ly maiter to yo!.) Perhapsyou' I get . . r n d r a e . b c rb L o . - a r - 1 0 i t o - e , a r . e Celebtity poLential:1Ai1A Unit 12:Language focus2 - 01 eft ro igl'r. 1.,1 cl'd-rJa ,,o" ll\ i, DreJe). v d l ) . M o r r o e . l o h r L " , r o r . 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(Moul qll/"\rellluerunue | =) ,a.eadpue)ejape Lueêql (Mouu.torq s!t.l Fq =) 6at)aq uatdq r,eqs '^ ou et.r ruPlrooutro ruP ltls st1t ru.s.rd .qr or P3)uI stlnq '$ed aqr ut paGddequorDeue uaqMpasnsr D.Jr.d ru.ssrd3tu . 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I PRACTICE 2 Whenlwasyounger,lraveplayed/ play I usedtoplay footbaltonthe beachwith nry fiiends. 1 write an auxiliaryverbin the.offect positionln each In his20s,Michaet,as lived/ Ityed/ ,sed to live in the USfor 1 2 3 4 Thetestwasn'iasdifficultasweexpected,^ it? Youdon't tikeMadaverymuch,you? Katewasnt keenon sportbefore,but shenow. A: Steves decidedto lookfor a newjob. B: h€?What madehim wantto leave? 5 A : D i d y o us e ea n ) , t h i r g u n u s u at lhi n ep a * , l . 4 rB a l l ? 8: Yes,l. Therewasa groupof young menactingsuspiciously. 6 l4a na LookwelLshe? 7 A: We haventbeenherebefore. B: you?ThafssurprGing. Ihis week,Kateis iooklr9 atet / Iooksaftet I us€dfo rookatrer the shopfor the owne.. Unfortunately,th€ coicert tad statted I statted I usedto$artwhen we gotthere,sowe missedthe fiBtsong. I Md / wasrcading/ usedto readthe newspaper ihe other day,whenI sawan int€resiingjobadvertisemenr. 6 I haveseen/ sa\a/ usedto seeNeil yesterday. Can I call you backtaier?We're having / have | havehad Did it rain / Waslt hining / H8 it ralned when you Last Does/ t / Has this umbrellabelong / belonging I belonged 2 Rewfitetheunderli.edverbswith an auxitiary,to giv€ th€ sentenc€gr€dterempha5is. lenjovedth€ concertLastnight,itwas realtygood. t dtderja)tthe.ance11lan niltht.n )tas reallyaaad I llovevouf new hairstvle. 2 Atexrnske!me taugh. 3 I be3l!!you ihe first time. 4 l lhiob/oute right. 5 | Wsilcd for you for ages. 6 You$csk SoodErglishl Usesof auxiliaryverbs Auxiliaryverbs areoftenusedto enrphasise things,showinterest, askquestions or avoidrepetition. ldo hateitftlleh nr' ncigibaupiayshr!husic$ lt\ri Lnt!rc 1<lidln& thcdaar 3 lvatch5entences 1-10to responses a-j. Youcanshowinterestin whai sonreoiesaidby respondingwith a shortquestion usinganauxitiaryved. Theauxiliaryverbmust agreewiththetenseandpenonofthe mainsentence. A: I re qat \ir:dtattJ.hiklter 8r ijr/eyorl Horkrr.tr A: u1e.ridr t 1r/ierlret/a, .r r ll. Bt Re.l!!,.lidntyar. r,ltyron Noticeherethat positivequestions areusedwithpositive senteices, andnegativ€questions areusedwith negative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 the listener Questiontagsatthe endofa statementencourage to espond.Here,negativequestions areusedwithpositive sentences, andpositivequestions with negativesentences. r.t Neft qnbe.ed(+)yfu keys,hown t(-)yor? tr i\r't \ ). \,Pt)/ri.e day,is (+)i!? lf thereis no doubtaboutthe sratement, rhevoicegoesdown. \ li Br't arcly tic. day hitl lfthere is an elementofdoubt,ihevoicegoesup. a I haven'tbut the childrenhave. lar'rli rcnjetnL,eted \/au leo, hsv;n t,/.ua . To avoidrepetition W€ alsouseauxiliaryverbs to avoidrepeatingwhole phrases. i)uLIhastalntyltiendsdidn trttaye.lrheliltn vctytrt.t1L, t (= enjoyrhe film verymuch) ''1-.. r.r. ,.t. -,,.-"..f1-, /)!r lleran.rfado€s (= u'rde6taidltalian) Thisiscommonin answeru toyeslro questions. A: qave!o!o.'i.,v!rr horr.tr!/tl,er? B: t!r, a.nri4i, rialj (= donemy homework) DoesAmy likecats? Wewentto Parisat theweekend. Doyou takesugar? A r € y o us u r e y o uw a n t t oc o m e ? | was21 yesterday. HaveyouseenStarlrekl/? Areyoujapanese? We'vegot fourcats. l'm goingshopping. CanI getyou anything? Didyou spe6ktoSarahyesterday? c d e r g h ldo needsomesugar. Yes,ldo wantto, honestLy. ldo, butlohn doesn't. lanr but Kimisn't. OhlDidyou? Really? Wereyou? j Yes,ldid. rnoûasataqrru€DrJlP 1s.ru zuPrPPuor.sPUP Etqe i+st . oqps&rs a^!r.qr aolol .êq ptnoqs puapl$aq p rpqls.nlFnb.qr tnoqpqder;pfd e r+t/\ € uorl?r4rmdpxE reururerS3rq:dq LoI 1r{?3qc gErp l€rry .mo^ it! r ol {r€qpa.J .r{r aso lJ€rp I€rL{ s eeuoJ qJaa tcalb, eut,pasn,I a.ntI dLraqD4tlrlrd LlhLoM pestxI aanq Jast nn,at I ttl| an-qdnrotn ra4eq D eraql v :ser].ns suousanb{sY Jlasrno,{ lr {iraqtr ro luopnls €qtou€ o11JR4rno,{ aoqs {rsqpaeJ pw tuppa{c t 'lrLmr au4 € urqld !J?rp tsru e 31u1t rJBJP1TIJ 8 . ii. r, jli.rr r r:itli :.ri 1r 'l 'suoltlsod€rd ,(]essa).u r(uer€quaueus€ru. as a|ourexa srlrn ]' rrorrreaqta p€snaquerPqt lsll .qr u!sqra^rq3!5rseit r€ puH z ProM.sdlqsuoDeFr, i lsnrlol 5 l . rloodns t l).d$r : e^lpn4s.P or t z : .t duool : 'an!rn4s mo^ tg luop qr+I$ s"opr ,{u€ prlSol mo-{ .ôurau r.pro e olln s€€pr tnd tu.mrrruls A .^rp€h! .. t cFi '.tqel€qlJors .qr aFtdruor01&luolrrtpe asnz,o€Lroli)tp EtuFn $oqrtM ar.Furornor(uersqro^/sa^lpolpE 3ulsslu{ueurMoH ! 'apnpn xq8nunon s3ldul?r. pu8 sJrdol aql lsr1 uol?BuroJut tqraqrat pua E\mdard I 2aonol /(pp.{p no^ op sdsrs t|)!q/t\ qslt?u3ut Il.^!paj,5 .rou €r!401no^dPq lla aoleq sd.ls.^$.qr sProarq3! oqrBulpuu seaPr rnol Bursrue8ro lf .fvud z se.Ptqr$dnSutuor . reuuPr3 . I 3u llauos Suropdn pu. or srse..tdternreuSuBq Su,lFds .se€ptuaornor(F lslt aqr uorr.sooq) iqslt8ul u€rrthqrtM su.jqord uouuo) rsou rno,(arereqrr\ ! rureBeRurql.uosoPor ttHlo ol sdaF a ll 3u!l!.râ.ronaq SurIEs sr.uo.uosleqM r.l or )l]oaorl.lor P.111.3or l)n$r.3or ssau|rue r. o 1.3or {roanof qrrMuor.a or iloouos qra (lFA)uo1.3or tsollr3 ol 'tuasad e F6 / t!ftô p6 ro{ dlatt11,11 ltd slqralpl 9 auusea 3q',^ltnnuEql 'ajoql Sul^t ulq Aes I uaqapet!],o6 | Itoqt e 106| S suollerutenbauros1a3 01p.au no^qolraraqerr6 | )e'!qta6 ortuel1,na(! t '\te q h6ue p6 1(Epol$u3tr.dxa ButualqSfle slnb peit| € /rrrrstort 't!L!1! lpt uoF6 / qol aqlrai I iauoXuuntes,leql z 'PIoteta6 | $o1ta6t|,ratêNresaq13)erl,uop no^lt I aserqdtsaq3qr .soorp t 3!o.@os$tut ol qrnrr.qlll3lor SunFe tutP tr e ruoauosD.dsaol uaopauoauos tndol auoauosaqPolor '/1ôu 1l BJrliS u.t f rjodoqrnq pto) peq{ perp pp.t.. 5 S u te l o u p o o S a q u a r p l t p n o iaseald 'auo{.a^. ql$ srcB rqs 3u,o3/sei,0.^ s lru € ')10/l{rno^ qr^/, 13BpueSuqlprdo$ no.(u€:, z ' .ui Su.rlrdsIeMtPs rq ssoqr,u 3te. I l3ô dn uo mo 3e@oroe oaalor aDqM,(ue luto?1,ui (dLrts!.EPlJE) uouuo) urrol e 3Êq(lou)or )i)eqrtaqr Puqaq.uo.uos lnoqedBsolor .uo.uos qllMuo rai (1ou)or uMoP uo 3uoauos,qp€uarearql 1a€lor or roLadns/o!ajurlaal or .uosuor qr M rno llel or drqsuoirqa. r:rurs.p s €lo3uos ur sPuuor01 .uo€uos qth .l.duor o1 .uo.uos sPeMoru.tor^.q o1 .^rlroidnsaqo1 .uo.uos ro snoPaf3qot suoauosor PfoF PneIoliq or qla .q or unj aq 01 .uo.uos or osoPaq ol lPFA e r u . . u o s ti i . q t ) x o q . q t u r p j o M D a x o r e q rq I A aoFq s€ru.!.s .q1 .1.td!uor puptsll pFA egra ol € SdtHsNo[\n]t 2 Commonsuffixesfor adj€ctiv€s Formingadjectives , , . . t . . .. t : . t -.. . . : -able*,-ibLe 'I Prefixes usedto form opposites . "l - a n t .- e . r , -ed ' -fut ' -k I : 'we i -' : 'ine : : ive 'Notethatthese prefixescanalsobe usedwithsomeverbs, e.g.disagtee,unlock. responsible I miserable, physicdlpsvcho.ogicdl .e.r... .. depressed, talented : : successful !- pow€rful, - : enthusiastic, scientific :: i insecure, unsure --- !'--'- -'- ' r exciting, frustrating ' I tess ;-t-a"otooa, : l"afy,in tf'" *rong l : nFma4aSed , way : ! der rcft+op non snoti.s i oveFcooked ' without,1or : toomuch , 0",,- 0",;-*";' arte, , tr* t"-*". U"ror" i p- ;"- - sell I undeF ; pro+uropean I .,",10.,".n-g"i ugur . self-conra.n- : ,"U,'na,o 'u"i, : unneFcooked ! notenough g".ar.",,,0"r", coo*,"-0";"0 bad/badly I infavourof : oad--erEre. ie."o l aggressive. ntensive resttess, (= withou!/ hopetess cruTPl:w::r:y. .. mis- p l e a s a rvt ,o . e n t e, r f i c i e n r This "v suffixsometimesmeans'canbe'(wasrable= canbewashed) REMEMBERI N,lany adjectives to describe tuetings havebothaf lrgandan edform. The-ed formiescribeshowyoufeel. Inverytircd thisnoming The-lngfom d€scribes whatmakesyor feetthatway Lookiigafterbabiescanbev€ryti ng. Fowev€r, not atl-ed/-1,9 adjectives havebothforms. Benisa verytalentednai.ian. ronu|at ely,herlllnes isnt catching. I PRACTICE1 1 Add prefix€sto form the oppositeof the adjectivesbetow. Dal 3 Loyal 6 7 8 9 10 frjendly 2 Choosethe corr€ctdefinition. 1 anri wat = agalnst / in favoutofwal 2 non'violent= agairsf/ wi#od violence = rooco"tdent I notco,fidentenough 3 oveFconfident 4 pre-paid= paidfortnadvanceI aftewatds s post-natat=be&'e / afer birth 6 misinformed= gtve, tne wrong infornation / intomed agaln 3 Whichword in eachgroupdoesnot beLong with the suffix? 1 z 3 4 s succe*-| power I talent fuL confid-/ pe5ist lpleasent disappoint-| enthusiast-| pessinist- ic health-/ inpon lwealthy hape-| inagine lpenniless 'latPqser)e uo o3 ueqllrtSr.a asotlo treMrou€qe srot,(lsalllrnotrg3Lreqf, /uoaD5r.rnduor Pjo 1rio4! rts a rno,(Ieq puadsueqlio{rol ralFq s re q s . 4o r t lu a s r r s x .a l e r p u Er n oo 3 1 P q l ) u l qnr o ^ l , u o c 'al0oacM.u rieu ,o êMretndode auo)lq sequoor teq.1.uralu ueutof - e o s r - . e .oc PL e l r r q eJ o ! r r o u P U e. i l e as . L { 3 . . 1 ro l o3leq1pu!,ss.ulLtrl.q1aôrdut or qe^roq^ .ldo.d ûeh t 'urol,!t€tll u!€q Ptnoqsqrlqa PIoqu!spro/{ aq1.ul!.Pun !€3EUeua.u r.ql sPrEMol-lo 1ole l1.l ltels altl raBEUeuaa! i aql or .trlsott tuaâraa ltels aqr 9 '.rt}}o !e 5L.r.l lsod.ql lo '.rulo aql^q P.Ioldu. sLaH S Fod ' l r o ^ P U E r r . P uune rI ' s n o t x u P o s anr P o ^ f q a P u e r r . P u nu e )I t ' asop^'r.^ PaÊq Puelou 'spuatrlasopfi3^ ua.q s^PMtP aê't Pueôu € ' ,o rot e 3êqot psauro,('qolsrqloPo.L ' a ^ , l e . J {) r a ^ . q o r p a a !r o { ' q o l s r q lo P0 1 z . d d , qF . p r r , o f D r c . JPllq:e sP{ddeqno^.r€r' ! .,sru eqr serues llatduol .qlsueaur I os unoue qrta€ru€ruasPuor.s.r.11 5 6 8 E urot qra^.!tt seiuresaql{lpexa 3resuro! raqloûeh iUfAW3U3U uo4 sunourrerlsqe urol ot P.sn^tuouuor^'3^s tta/- . 'sqr.ûort surouDerlsqe urol 01P.snuortosltua&- . surouurroJ o1Pasr r.u areuosePueuot uo!r(s)-uoll- . ' . l l ] : j ] ] . s.^lpatpeuor] sunouuro] o! p.$ eref-pue ha!-'Ir!- . z 9 i.ql saurq.uros P!€ sla|aqsi.tdoadaqurs.pol Posn5ltsl- . sruP- arqs- ssau luau- ririr i: r,!r:i r i.!. r!,.lri. !i -.r i 'sunouDe4sqe.uos rtllM Pue sarSotoaprro suor8ll.iretn.!pd aq|lrsapol pasnualo 1 e5t . 'xoq €q1!rs€xlt ns aqr qIAMotaq suno!.qr ar.tduo:) L |i:] l] 1..]]].]: I z lftl)vud l i 'atdoodueo^\rsqsdrqsuorlpFr ro aJ|jo spoEd qtM Palraruor.soqlÎe radsesunoupersq€ uroJ 01p.snsLPoor/- r r o . r / ! 1 ,\ t i 1 ! . r ! i r ! r t i ' : ! r : i r : ri i r r r r l i r r r . r r ,:lrirjtr.lrr,r.r.rti :uoIesl3ûor uiro 'qorrelnrruea ti.ri llirir r:l : ]| il].l. ]1Ji] illj:r i ii].i i] : s l s tl o r u M u t . q u e )a s a ! . l 'sorlaluas€Flcuor olu $d 1ou.r€ tarl^ffe ro seopru.q^ . e op reqr s?ulglroatdoadro, p.sn uauoere.ro-pu€uP!ra- . ( p a u l e r B u r os qlo , . 1 u^ o e a d= ) i . , , r , 1 ( p a f o l d u sr t o r t ^ u o s r a = d) ..',i'rL r 'p3rlrotad stuotDeue uoqa uo uorao € aqlDsap01p.snttae- . :]]i' :.:i. . e a Pl e q l a q u t r s a0P 1 u n o u . l S ! L s osut . r 3 r t 1 u a q M t ! r ! t i . ! | . , / r i rI J rr i : r ! r r i rr:r : . 1 . | r r tr:ri r . (or.rl€^tltuUuLaql asn1ouuer./^) sEaPpE4sqPro serlr^nrE teralo3aq!trs.Por r p a s^nt u o u u o rs 1 t a l o t p r o ' a r ! . l ! . sa q l r oD a f q o r op . f q n sa l l ser3q!. !no! e sE.{eMalues.ql ur Pasns (uro} 6u!) PunraB.u l u o r o r 4 e u r S u r p usaa ^ D . f p p uo4 sunourrerFqeuro} ol P3snusrjo.re t ua- PuP.)uP- . sunouroJ sexl ns uouu.rol L spuniet pue sunouBulurol sPUnreD z t[ 2 CompLete the sentences. ADJFCTIVES TO DESCRIBE FEETINCS behaviourcreeps fortuie giggle nap security socialtife I Thesitlypictureonlake'sT-shidmadeeveryone 2 Mygrandparents are80, but stitlhavean active 3 Lotadecidedto join the civilseryice because ofthe WORD' WITHPREFJXES THATCHANCETHE MEANINC il ThatmaskyouarewearingreaLly givesme the 5 Whenhisfatherdied,Alistairinheriteaa 6 I t h i l k t h e c l - i l d r e sn r o u a i a ( e d oero?wegu out, or th€y'llbeiired. 7 Our re gtbouB havebeei reporredtolhe polke for anti-social goodandbadthingsin life Usinga dictionaryfor wordbuilding OIHER 1 Usethe extractsbetowto find... . the pasttense,-irg form andthkd pe6on(ne,ire, 14 . the nounfromiafit andiis opposite. ' thFe adjedi!erf or sdr,'s'.f,nd the ditleren(ein meaning, andthe oppositeofeachone. .:'ri.lj.rinn ,qc,rai.pli.l dt i l e o l - o p' , - - becauselou have achieved somethi4 toppasite = di\s.rti2f.t 7ianl sat.isfn dory \ setras'f.ektari\ adl sonetlxig that is satistactory secnB good enoLtghfor a pardcular sitraiion lopposiie = zTaarisjacrolgl to €iggle satistied \,sEtraslard\ arrj plcsed becausesomethtughas happened as you wanL.of becausevou have golrwhat you e?nt lopposiie = .iAearis]tedl I PRACTICE s{tisfl \,setrasfar\ ! satisfied, satisf}irg, saiisfresto mak-" someonepleasedb) doing what thcy Mnl ,: rl r.r L.1r i fi 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 l0 11 12 13 '14 hostitity sdlisryinE \ setFsfar rrj\dlj makhg you leel pieased and happy. b-a.auseyox have got Rhat you wanted loppasite - unsatLsJuins) 2 Completethe sentences belowwith a word retatedto sattt. Foreachmissingword,think about... . whetheryouneeda verb,noun,adjective, etc. . ifthere is morethanoneadjective, nounform,etc.Make surcyouchoosethe wordwhichmakessense in the gap. . iryou needto addany prefix€s, suffixes, (there etc. may be mor€thanone). 1 ltwas very_to beatourrivalsUnitedin the final. 2 Althoughwe colld stitldo better,our overaltprogress has fit 3 Thereis much_ 4 Thisworkis_ s He's_with [iil\\N with the government overrecent . Yo! wilt needto do it again. the investigation, andwantsa new on€ -!oP ruo{I eqr rno s{e{ eqra4flrd Jo udaqpttt I suqtxd sn^ I p ap4 puEpEs 3q.'eseq1pesn5 eq '.tnoq mo[ olu iuBpEn, Plnoa I IDdq 'n peluea P,I JI -\.axgqs N $ 8ulloot uaq p.tE paryot tH paryot pp$e I I .aseeld'nq?ruuu.pr euoseosr ptnoJ. 'wrq p4so p.r 3qtrtsasoa pr{s? oi 'doteq u?ursod / r/ 1, qW 3ultas u.aq t.updl / ars t.uqlp I uaa,Lupott r pw se6[. o.rq) Jol 6tuq {B n t{rit uaaqp.I I potlt I | 8u!q u.rt 'pr€s3q 'no{ roJt5l.?d e oÊq .'erlluSls 3 spetr qqqa L 'ueuqsod eql sla Dop rI tt! @ 3uplrout so,i I papou\ p. I patpouLtunos @q Moqlc SuPFot so.ltparyoap. tpatuo\I tgryot[$e-l i{torD{ '{toux ,iI!r w turl ea uaiq pPqaq a,i!r irl//i i,o(.Dr trl]}]4 tl,a{O r Jf }o['.^, 'sPa^. l'ed ureu aqlloun dn onutluo)qrqM suorlrps.q!)s.p uauopu€ tua^. uelo uotrernP oqr s.sse'tdu. snonur orFajl.d lsPdaq.L p {.q1 ruas.rd p.^rrp.rtod aqi P3lE3ddes 'sqr.^ p.xo! .qr .soorp € iaqlo Fra8u.ssed .qlall Mopt'lasqrlo ol aln plno^ aq] ()se)-0, lno)oot pup'slel ]3Buvaqlraô (û) 6 âql lpql utq or -e (urpldx.) 4 pu,)Mi]) utqpreql Jo.uo uiqM sa$utur .urosro]leql3)|l (r!s)-r peaqsrq aH saaq iq u.a^ Fq L l r d D r e ^ e o l 3LLe . r ' u o n F oqds p r ) . . 1or ] u t 0 . 3 ) . pL.4 ,prparot(un, ûrruEd u, pue'SuBnoqs r ea8u.sspdaq1 jo lsol^ qstuedsu]^rp.lPx3tut)eads(!eF 4!.ppnt -, .I"]r toltdoqr @]d r.r.ru or rnoqe.ot (,(t fuuil uaq/,\o8peea^,u.J p ahbS!tqrouros lueddEq)-z elrauv qlnos utrltuJrDs.uop e uo (la pr) , pualtr!,1 'uro, paro).uo ueql.rour aq ,(Eui.r.ru 'snonulruo) D.!ad rsedro rralr€d $ed 'snonut o) lsed 'atduls Fed :asu.t rr.rjo) €qt u! rOoF .rl1 u! sqraâqt rnd Z Ma] p roj Fqlo qreaM.q 4uo ^.qr.paupur lot ^.q1uaq,M .{psol lerta.pr).p l,upipllrs uqol '!)..ds s,upur15eqsrqerol.q srnoqoMl 'lqttu sP^\ Ie Paôus1r-a1rq,v\ araq^\.&a^s Suturou oqruraop!|M aqllotnopalooltuaq,M 5 aroraqreq anlqpafpq!^ auoûP ,\es ra€u ,{.q1- otruer€addp srqrp p.zeurese^ auo[e^] rrnoq lpF^.srol P3rtea^!ql .1u.uarunouup up eppurfIeuU auo.uosourr .'11^q palPrlsnr,,iaârai'\sra8uassed aq.l '.rolaq 3aleq1p.sl€ar /,\au srq^ pstuoossV rau t'puarrlUr8 'pararaa$fi r.rt .sn€..q p.H3aqs lPqr snor^qoseM1l rr.rLip.Lr arn1n,< | X - !;[/]rir)rrn, ir (rf4l Pa.ihildcsip p! Lrr'Ir.rtrr ; ir i t\po d,I jo t5podqr, d.e ^dq.L .^.rprrpu urPua r qlutsluo^33111€roriqqua^..qursapr.sualaraqlqlo€ snonuguorpallad $pd pupeldulsp.rr.d lsed z aurortlo8 faql 3u !€^\ se^\auotuaâ 'rr;(irr;r1j rorn rr l,rtntea re"q rrDr ?r.ii o)i,lli] r-rt,lt 51ua^.!reuriqr rnonuouorFediql lo aunaql le ssartordulsuolDp saqrDsap pa^treâql e$]d srnlnt( .Jrod oqr p.Ier I >< rl.r.jl]ljr. rJ tDr-,c r.rr,or^|rp -- - X .1aLri l)N ;r,,ioJ JL/ifiltlr / 'a^rlexeu atdu lsrspdaqr . rsede utsl$ e uleu aqrseqlrssp snonultuor$ed PueaFurls$ed L Butlo^ 6u!-+qa^ + da /te^ 'r.pJoproa.qr atuep or p3au{€urnol sqraâqtp€riol 'snonuDuo) rr.rradrsedro €tdutspoll€drsedsql utaq plnoqsaotaq.ruaussqre. utsqr6^€tduls|sed€Ll1lo6uo L I tftrfvud sosu.l o !lElleN I 2 Eachpah of sentences beLowi5 correct.what is the dlfterence betweeneachpak? Continuousaspectin other tenses subjed+ have/has been + 1ng Continuous vetufoms can: ' emphasis€ that an actionlastsfor sometime. t've.utn,yfingetr(= ac:.ianlasts for ontya moment) t'vebeencuttihgJne\toad.l=actionlastsfor somerime) . describe an actionthat is in progress but not complete. Ithiik t'Uwatcha filhr tonloiloyi.(= a completeaction) Dant.allne tll be watchingr,rr. (= jn proCress at rhat tim€) . emphasisethatan actionis repeated. tntls tauthr trDthttg F on e) t'vebeeniogingy.u aUinotnl,gr(= sev€rat times) ' describe a situationwhKl-is tenporary. shell stayvilh het\ittq afterlrte,iity. (= perhaps Longterm) shett bestayihgat het sistets iro6e tdr.1/e,vday!.(= temporary) REMEMBER! . l i y o t 'g i v e t h e n u m b e ruorfn e s t h a t s o m e t h l n g h a p p e n e d y o ! alwaysLrsethe simpleform,notthe continuous. B€rarwDnihrfeOrcafs NOT ]te t|+ia!*raal*#tsr / r,ee on:a/!. t.attett.ya,five tln)esye\tela! NOT / r{€++.4*9 '7o!,ve uiel leilerd.l. . Verbsthatdescbestatesareiot lsuatlyusedin the continuous form (seeUiit 1,5tudy1) I PRACTICE2 Choosethe best alternativein the conten. g I've beenhutting I hutt my an. 2 Youseemout of breath.Haveyo! beenrunning/ run? 3 Shedidnl hearthedoorbellbecauseshedied I watdrying 4 l le bought I beenbuylng this new scooter Doyou like it? s weve finhhed / beenfintiti,g our work. can we go 5 Thistime nextweeL l'ltr.aval/ betravellingto Ausvalial 7 The Au5rralianswimmer hasbeenwinning / won the gold medaltwicebefor€A fthad nined / been.aining atl night, so everywherewas 1 a Kristinas goneto the $/m. b Kristinatbeengoingtothe $/m. 2 a Hechangedhismind. b HewaschanginghG mind. 3 a shehadphonedmy parentsse.retly. b shehadbeenphoningmy parentssecretly. 4 a 1'llwritethercportattheweekend. b I'llbe wdtingthe reportat the week€nd. 5 a ll€ft whenheariived. b lwas teavingwhen he arrived. 3 Tickthe bestr€lponse,a, b or c. 1Ar Wherewereyouat seveno clocktastnight? B: a I haddinner.Why? b I washavingdinner.Why? c Ive beenhavingdinner.Why? 2A: What'stheprobiemwithyourthumb? Br a I'vebeenbrcakingit. b l'd brokenit. c l'vebrokenit. 3A: Wh€n! the besttimeto phone? B: a Oh anytime.Wewon'tdo anlthingspecial. b Oh anyiime.We don'tdo anythingspeciat. c Oh anytime.We wont bedoinganJthingspeciat. 4A: Haveyou spokento MrsO'Brienyet? B: a No,Ive beentryingto get hersincenineo'clock. b \ o . I m t r v i n S t o8 e tl - e rr n c e . i n eo r l o c k . c No,ltied to get hersincenineo'clock 5A: Oh no,l'velost my wallet. B: a Whenhaveyou lastbeenusingit? b Whenwereyoulastusingit? c Whendid you lastuseit? 6 A: Youtooktired. B: a Yes,I'vebeenrunning c Yes,l'verun. 7A: What'syouraddress? B: a l'm stayingwithmy parentsatthe moment. b lstaywith my parentsatthe moment. c Ive beenstayingwithmy parentsat the moment. 8A: Didthey offeryou a ptaceat univeBity? B: a Yes,andl'vebeenaccepting it. b Yes,andl'veacceptedit. c Yes,andlacceptit. 9A: lneedth's Letterponing. b l'lt be doingit. < l ' l l d oi t . 10A: woutdyou likea doughnut? 8 : a N o t h a n l s . I v eb e e ne a t i n gb B c L i tasl l m o r n i n g . b Nothank,I've eatenbiscuitsaLlmorning. c N ot h a n k , l a t eb i s c u i tasl L m o r n i n g . liT$r ! r r : . r .r r l l r ! i r r- i . r 1 , r i i ! , 1 .8t ezeduo stt1f,N Pue spPrrss.uddeH uorJ suolle)ouor tnl.sn ro arou p qpN t pna{Jb pltrlal sr\n als I pn?{ rEroFara tuLLa IjlrD4 nt 41n patj.mp xte1qs.aH pm{ 'r}a rpDr rp.rqcJuen€u./xet spoo8.IoJaLrousEqrns 8mr]:uos lnr6 ol iapro ln 3ldoadtm-{'3raplo aur.1{1 Io rlrp,(4/ pn".rJ 'suolFrotp. rnol Pull pnel, F, Ilru! /tueuolplp .q1 le toot E .{ar,sqlr^ pasna^lDatpeue rart, qr a p3snd^ti;rpe L? 'uonip a'prpr{rra q}r6 prsnurr]o qrra ? 'arpdaqr qra pasnu3ilo qraê _ pu!, pu! €€ aBeduo saprrre3ql re )ioot Z ir)i..t,riir!, jiri,ir;rr(il ,rr,!it I r.;i'r ct if J,L;Iirirl, unou+ qia^ rrr i:'iri. r,fflr:li,f, ir,r,rirrl: unou+ a^t1ralpe . - u.rJo arPsuollProlo) qslltu! u!ternr€upunosol do^ d13qlIASurla pueqr..dsrno,( utsuo!*rolo, BuFn laqr.Bor rhrro ,qranba4 leqr spm^r ou jo oMtjo uoltpurquror€ sruorr€)ollo)V I suo!lp)ollo) SuUoqrueurar puetugrglop -tulrpe /4galpeq /4!t6q ul)rnls ro3 âq1 'ne^ snolrtd e ulet s!t! I / ]ata {r/ Fddorp .H 9 'lxq / ,nq I ulert Auoiw aW uo pB a'.1 5 ',u.wa edaq ttulrpe / oodae{s.@osltds ulrs eueueqe a, auor au'alo sse,6e uo p.ddns aqs E / / 'auetdaW I AIrno / uldt.q pastlu tM z 'peaq tMoqtat'eq ^w pa8ueql L 'qF |{)ee q1!a lUrou s€opleqrProa.qttnossor) sNo[v)o]lo) L ljp3Y!;I {treûns,iloauos arelohor .rro^rpe qlnorql ol or uosradPisrnquFr 01 azude urep or ss.'e or 1!ap e]Jo/tu! 01 rlnorre tieuo s,auo.@os U]HIO a8e}ssrqr{q 43!zeue u.PPnseroue .lqM e r.rJe silto-Ls DNn tS-Ltot s€x:Iôv Surwauosop or r.s aqo1 Sutqr.uos)l)eq01 stNtl0vtH p€pu.dsns.q or arua)llrnol asolor 1o4adto unr peq3a arrp.aq{eaorcu c{ Jo roBr^ 9 tJnrs 'uo)orqPeq snqstilasn$.q dullooqrs aql uo4 )]eq o]elaFMâqt '8rr,pa F .llrd urq rot,(.ql os "rtpd .qr qrq.lqno4 uru.aq peqail autl rsr4aqr seM1l ' q ; r u o rp j o s , l ou o 3 u r d c cst sc . l o s u ' t t P 3 t t r ostP q. q s p u e3 1 ^ l q q I A e o r e p e q s , a H -êd 51qapstq upr aq oesqoloar SuDioas,aH 'ure Dq uqorq pup ualel seqûuer8^N llo lto riô lno lno papuadsns e .^t3rarraB01 Surueh s 3^rararratol €retrolut u3l4 3qo1 lEriu, s'tluou xlsj ol P.truau.s3q or (3uurd e ql,tl}o l.r.q or 3) !.s (rrunuuotr@^r3.q or P.uu.qor p.tFdx..qor P3Dh..qor [- qr!M)p.&ee aqor IN]AHSINNd - uo DljtPrBalra ol s8nrpleB.lI ]o uorsssssod ruenrrêF 01 usue,sqd(ruuo) ot 3uB?iq uMoP 'xoqaqr ut sproa .qr ql!, saru.ruas.ql .r€tduo:' € rllejlu l)n$ r.3 ol u en tuorMaqr uo ra801 rol FB 01 'Pnul 3q 01 sea urPP.ruernsui.qt I Pateoôr 'p.snruo)ÎF e seaI ute4Suoh aqr uo .qS 9 lo: 'luenrrBu{eld$oqe uLqSuturpallM | 5 -^re^!d,{ui to aleio!^p s,ltiqreua ,(u pe.r r,uerno^ t r8nrp ssossodqlh p.&€qr spa iqs € leSolt to no.{pro Z 2ês$sr$ urr!.|€lBeld 'ro^Lpxe1 e s€Maq osneraqpreq^:'.^seM.rua]t srq asotaq! , ro 'ftess.cau &euo!D!p p asn.ppq u!spro], €qlrraxo) I Z su,LrFuosdorp01 {atqPntE^) ELrqFUosa8puepol uMoPlP:rqor (EulqFUos))iP:,qor peaqrno{BuPqor Useand non-useof the passive 1 Theactiveand the passive . In active sentences, thesubject istheageni(o. doer')ofthe I 'i L :r l , rf , r ': \ . , i i r , i l r r ri l , : r . ; : (subject) (verb) (obFct) . In passivese.terces,thesubject is notthe agent of theverb. I i . : l . :' , j l r L r r L l i r i . r , r t , , i i 1 r l r ! (subject) (verb) (us*t) . Ihe passive isformedwithbe+ pastpadiciple. . In moreformaltexts,the pasive is prefeiiedbecause it is te$ p€6onal.Thisisespecially true ln newspapers and n r . i e . t i i L .t e c h . ( a lo . d c a d e T k$ r i r - 9 . T h e. o l o wr g p a $ \ e constructions areparticutarly commoni. this kindofformat writing. i ,,r:rii,r,., i) j :f,:r,:l 3 ALternatives to the passiv€/.voiding the passive Inintorr. speech we'ar alod Lrngthepass:ve oyusing" subjecr llkewe,you,they, people, someone, etc.Thissounds more peBoraLand frlendly. Comparethefoltowiigpairsof seniences. r i : r i r r : i r L 1 , Ir r . r | i r . r . i i f i i r i , , : r ' j i.,Ll l i r h f . , i ) 1 . : : , r L r : r , r i r , i : . r : i r :i t l , i I i r i r i ) . r , : r it is makng \ ' , ' . ri , ' r , | Li j j r ( i r r l j L rl , r r ; r . i r . . r , , r r : r r r i i r r f i ! n ! i r L L \ ' r rri. r ' . . , r r i r i r .i : . , r : i . r i f i . r f , . r . , i itwillmake : . . ' i making I PRACTICE 1 Choosethe corectverb forms. It must be true - I read it in the tabloids 2 Reasonsfor using th€ passive . T h em a i nt o p i co f r h e s e r t e r cles n o t t h ea g e n t . I E n nglish,the mair topicofthe sentence normalLy comesar the beginniig,aid new informauonaboutthe topiccomesat the end. r i : i . : , , r . i , ' r r r ' , i r ' i . : , i r : l ( F r o ra n profile ofCameron, who isthe rnaii topicofthesentence.) lfthe agentis not the maintopicof the sentence, we usethe ' , r ' . r i : i , ! i ! . r r . L i r \ r : , r , i . . , r . r: . ( F r c ma na r t k l ea b o u t Avararwhichisthe maintopicof the sentence.) . Theagentis !nknown,unimpodanior obvious. I I . \ , . . r , n : r ) ' . r " . i L ' i . .(r= w e d o n ' tk n o w w h od i dt h i s ) i r i r i i i . , i . r r i r i r , . . : , i i r , ( = i t l n o t i m p o r t a n t w hdoo e sr h i s ) , i r i , \ \ r i : , l r r n , i ( = i t s o b v l o u s t hpeo l k ed i dr h i s ) REMEMBER! Jwe lndldethe ageft in the sentence,we lse by. MagisrraG IsabelleLe Tessiet 'sentenced / bd,s sez,€nc€d her old school teacn€r in Ronen,France Iast week. He Torced / D6tolced to wiie 'I must not breat the speediimit 25,000times. Lars Hombery md Anka Edlurd of Kaxlstadt, SFed€n ih.tae decided / haDe been dzciileal ta Eet 'Mned. aiier spending 19 hours sluck jn a lilt together erlier this month. Before fheir ord-"al they .haal not int oiluceal / had noa been introdwe.l. The State of Andhft Pradesh in lndia %as passed / ha! be€u ,oised a law saling lhaL myone vho 6catch€s / t.3caugnt cheating in school etmslttiil send I wlll be sent to pnson for ten yeaxs. Failed pllof Lariy Waliers rattacheal / u6 aftacheal 42 helium ba.loons to a kjtchen chat and spent 14 11ous flying above Los Angeles earli€r thjs week. Mr WalLers wha'\had tumed doun / heal been tumeal aloun by the US air lorce b€caus€of bad eye sjght roo,moa, lrtt / b6 elmost hit by teo plar€s rJier he i'DteD/ Dc blolon Lnexp€ctedly in ihe djrcctlon oi the N\N\\N isaârno{ pa$al ra8 ptnoqtnol ) is.,(. r no,(1so}Ptnoqsno^ q ipatsars.^. rro,(1a3Ptnoqsnoi !:€ 'rr pear uBF r,ub saop leql t 2.(e5 rpqr' :v z 1 r p a r t e d 3 r . ^rpsqe l n o ^ p r u pa q / ) ;Parted r aêq$el no^ prp!aq/A q a l r r i P d $ e l n o ^ P r Pu . q t e : € 'MoFsrqr*^ ^l^ :v 'rtre P.)ootaêq01P.a! I .r\ou) | ) 'rt1e8ur)ootsp..! Moq q lt I ? e P . ) o o i 1 1 3 ^ eoqr P a E U t ^ ou)| E:t '.sroua8ue4se Buueu s,.ur8ua r e) rnol :v :euop;u fdororoqdauosra8 tuer araLt/ .sal ) .uos aLrop lSur^dororottd la8 t!p) alaq/Asa^ q .urosro; uer t.raq/A s. e:g ZauopSurfdorolortd idl.q û€paouiof oA:V 'qltour lsei rr P.leror.Fr .êq at .queql ) 'qluot! lselrrPaleror.pa peqa,\^.s)iueu q 'qluou' $el Patero.p.r 1rppq3/ 5)ueql e:8 ' u o o re t q l 3 ) | t:v l n r 1 t P e q . ^ Plqs n lt i q u e q l l ?nr I PeqFnla^,r 'queql q '11 nr 1sntP,t3)uPql P:8 ' a r r us l o o l r t e q rno :Y aeFqrer û paqspM FB I uet sal l aor.qrprû p.qspMra8uer l$l q a . r . q p . q s E M r e r ^ ut €r 3t u e ) s . l p : € / r t s ' n o ^ d t o tql e l : V Z no^ro] auop.tuld lot Lt ) 'no,(roJ paluud ouo.êq Lt q 'no^rt auoparutrd.êq p :€ 1l i.seatduror Suqooqe ou .^rBno^ uel ,v r 'c Joq P .suodsd lsaq .qt rsooq) € s,uetrtlaoue . s,ls[u.P€ . s,ropoP€ . )trtr^ra8rnrrtl.uso)e . s,ueDrlne3q e s,rass.rPr€q P s,roue.p-,tpe o o t t s r t e d a l a oeq s , i : l r , ; r i ri . : . 1 . , -r i I . i , j L r , r . " t a8ere8e 'êprloquo aroair' uaqM (.I&rq asnoLt rno) / I 'rejp! ) q t t . < p ed / s r + o\ a r d o o . ptlo) 9 'êpr.rsa^(te.ls pre) pqre! rood s lp.]] raq) / lsluaredrno^ ol ru.s.rd e 5p11.^B pue€qrorq rno.{qr^ (a)e1l oroqd I no{) no,( ,{qA , r,uop ,!1u€r3r.3upro(a,{p/ Ipq raq)-rars s fh € '{opl ^ltear iq asneriq,l prorE uer l)-slartur 3q seuoosse (aôur3r oouel srq)-ol3uroB srsot / z 'P'rq31t-roqs't.^ 1oB p e qt i s r e ) d o: . s p l f q { - p a n/ s 3 ^ r , ( ! J| ,p.( tset . '€td!r!!ed rsld + rat. e9 vrlM saru€las.qt €lalduor or sr6)pprqu!srduod aqr asn ! plr{.,i1 r.i.Ir !Lirif I .!rirr ,:i I |l,rrrr.d il',.rili rl ii.i i i i r L ; r o l r r . , , l4r i / , i i i r i . i r i r d x J j l i L l r r,ri j , r . . r , { , r i j r i 'luespaidun are telBsn ol uaddeqq)rqMsturqljo 'luapr]re^q u.ddeq reqrs8utqlrol.tdr)|lJpd rsed+ r.6.sn a,1^. i.! Jrln,iir) rlL.li.rr I'jt irr,,i :t!rr.irjirri,!nj. ri4 ].i"i.!rtijir,i ' a u e so q i s r B u l u e aauq 1 1 n q teu|olul .roL! sl1 .tdr)qrpdlsed + p.Iqo + ra6asr orlp upr.n . .!irti{t(tu)ur,tirrrirotiTra/,11!!,,/irr'ir'i,,,i:rrrJri,r,fLarrr.;rr\i, .auopSurql.urosoêqo1 rlnrulip se^ ttu.qa.ldpr}led lsed+ Dafqo+ ra6la eq osnol . ri/l:ir:,ir r. i, n . r,i,, r Diirriln iJi)r, tIir( if Ll rn roJop or sldo.dr.qlo êd aMBurqFuostnoqe )lel orpasnstetdDr]Jed rsed+ pafqo + a eq uroj a^rssed aq.L. ;af pue a ealq1!^ surol allsspd 'relsl -q sr.Ouour n€J 1r1 € raq (u.rntar) -,r ,{auourraH pio .l"psl (,{es) aqt ,,{FsEaos -, (aarerep ql€nsn lou) Ii r{euou queurol$ plo 0Ll1Llll,r reruEa satnmu,,!€J e rls€r Ln(roJ prpd) -zr ste{rq laq ruerw ot aueld e (preoq) eqs\e uos.jrppb( ts"fie, d d lod dJ.'rJedP,euuort rdl,tj dr, drrl tlur'! DLIE rreodoe,pt lD s uosru€pv ter.ll (pug) -1eqs {auoul ,dq dn IJrd ot t"pJo -ll , Lfi,vJ I -e dus ucrj\\ trq sru| pBrLerxos d,tJ rdôluet| asmc eql roJ raq Lllrr\ T a €al pue rallat aunIoJ eqt ol,buoru aru a{el o} pepoauaqst€qt pue 'sllrdq rr^d (q r.uolr ldq -, f e uo ( dJe.O esm, a l}?ql u?ruoa eLIlpap?n$ad 'iZ ,uosuepv ?,{uos 'armIoJ rarl,{.ropl{\ plo-xEad-tge (rcI) -, eBll\ 000'0gg raq SuhrB olu Fuorsued e (Iq4J -. oqs :Ie$p oB? sreed,!tal (lsefie) ? -! 'VSO lop?roloC rn Fliat-aunloJ ]/ .sr.),erq ur (.^rssedjo .^!De) q$^ lqtlo r.lrol D€ror aqr qla sdp;.qr €t.Fuof 'xoqeqr u!sqrâql6sn sa)etd €s€q119auopr.B lo.^pq no^ tpqr Sulqr.uo rsEalle €rlm fouour uo asJnt aaolueJ ol sro.IJiorollel-ormuoJ ie3rl )paqr Puaur xPM rnr a^p ualqBprts adEqs(;r) op 2 Which.haracteristics/mentaL skittsare not desirabLe/ necessary for eachPerson? TYPISOFINTILLIGENCE 1 A capeniershoutdhaveemotionalintel\gence / nathenatkal skilk / spatial intelligence. 2 A mountaineerk.estlient /selt ufficient / extrcve4. 3 A bossshouLdbe a.rogart / .aln / good in a tean. 4 A mathematician needslogic/ oryanisationalskills / p rc bIen -solvins ski lls. 5 The perfect gi friend/boyftierd is axention-teeking / hunorcus I needy. visuaLApatial intelligence to havesometh ngonyourminn 3 Tickthe b€stsentenc€for eachsituation. 'I youfsister,.ndshehasbeen Youar€shoppingwith tryingto decidewhichdresstobuy for half an hour. d P l e " 5red l e J p y o u , n i n o l : b Ple"5e.l-dn8eyour niaar' 2 Y o un e e dt o t a t k t o y o l r p a d n e r a b o u tpar o b l e m . a 'l'.1ymind'sgoneblank.' f b 'l'vegot something on my miid.' Youryoungerbrotheristryingto find out aboutyournew gidfriend/boyfriend, butyou dontwanttotellhim. a I\4indyolrown bus'nessl' fi b I dontmindl' ! YourflatmatehasLosthergla$es- againl a Youteso absentmlndedL' ! b Youre openminded! ! 5 Asmallchildhashis handnearadoorthatis ctosins a Mindyourfingerd L' ! ! PIRSONAICHARACTERISTICS OTHER io takeyourbloodPressure Guessingmeaningfrom context Decideif ea.hword betowin botdis a noun,verb, adjectiveoradverb.H€reissomeinformationto heLp. . typicalendings for differenttypesof words adlectites, ive, fut, - ibte -ion, -ne$,-ance nouns: advelbs:'t . wordswhichcomebefore... nouns:a,t e,adltcrves et .) vetus:auxjtiary or modatv€rbslbe,have,nay, shauL,t, l iRAcitai 1 ComDletethe tabtewith the noun/adiective form5. i adje.tiv. : noun Do polygraphs work? rorLnteer -N : Polvgraphs, also called 'li€ detectors . ar€ far'1ion infa.[ible. Th€rmeasure c€riainph]siological ehaues su.h ashedt raie and bloodprcssue, n'hi.h are couelated {ith bing. Thc Lelief ls thln deceptiv€ msr'-.fs producc llr,vsiologicu.lresponses Lhat cm b. ditrerentiated lron trutlilul ones. Cc ain rulesand proc€duresshouldbe dgomusly ,plled id'en trkiulobgralh tests.l om sta(, ihe pers.in\!ho administersihe test shouldnot be the one $'hojudgesfte rcsutts.and idealh 'nore thm onc pefsonshouldoller an interyretation 2 Thinkof a word thdt couldr€placeeachword in bold. 'uaqr ps,leql,qe3^ n o ^ o l ) e e d s e . p r p o o 3 's,unw)ata eat ntlAI aêelsl no^.iolaq ]snflpr p au.^r3leqM no^ I.l rssenB | .{snq^r d oq o1,f,qru, / {p)r,, s,l qs. Pegaqltu / stxl )9re4 a$ aserut rnol noqe .êal ralFq pialt 2aullleqarnoqv 1e.r3 aq plnoMiPql 'qlt no^t s,unu rno^ !uo4 dnnotpldn,! t dn noKtt4d ot 6u!o6u,tzt auq Jofruald ro8 a ,.^ leqlos'aarql punore-qd,(v le !.]tqauldddp s, / sdorp,,ialsrs^h Maqdaufu q , rarseg s,\'a ypt I a^tpor6ulobw,/0,paptrapa^,1,oN z.url Fetprp aMa uter aq1 etel no[ oO / aryr q 6u!o5no,{ar% 2a]oq1ra3 ol Moqnoqp Bnoqlno.{a^€q,fe^\ aq1I€ .^lrrexl zqnPurleqrool lsrttrnol olSuro8ueql rueuodur|.rouraq plnorleqMIa/^ ' puerslaPun ot 6u!o6t,.4t .luel]odutÎeor /Pu4 apunn.gr dns u, 8ulqlauros i,t reqil.r or SuJo 6 at / at ,tt- u.tr '. ealllur / e^P.lt,! Putwl,uoh/pulul,usaops urnNrns Lu,tiqeaf'" 33rq}Ieq rnoqeaê.l oloêq P,tsueaureql * uuH a)rop,o a^H 'au!uo P3)req) Fnta ,I" . Ure sr.rprst//,rersor6u!o6s,t+\at ''' aur1.qi uo spGdap os êprnresuo I s,uJnur û re r.ô qrunlrr?qn,aa / 6u! eqd.e(. " P.requrau.rai rsnf3^,trnq 'r.te.' olaôlpil 2ool €uruor ^)uel noft parepuoalsnlI 'Mo$i no^.rns L!,ts€',(1rlf?rd ! / 6ulre4 aez p€rlun fePrnlPsuo qrreu lteqroolrsrusrqol ures h\a\daufu.Ierot6ulo6ut I qel ,ltsl8qp) ur,tuosFr .ql iu.lsl iSutopnor .r.ao!] ,preq]! :5tt,Jvl :ctvH)t :stNvf :clYH)ru rsrNvl itl €t.tr\t alat[\r;lt.,i ' .t li)rl,:,4 tr.t tt /f b'rri'ri?irir' .r ii(rirf'',i(ti' l;lt4.t\,: suPldpuesuoqual!rarnln]ssirdxsuer s.sprLtd.raqF ûpw sassqdraqro 9 i'ri prr!r |ifj r ri.r.'lr ;rir dr ldstia! r)rlt 14 1][ 1r.) ' ln ^lntti ttl l t . '3ld@dFqio ol atqnor osnerlou lt$Sutqriuos leqlFa83nsor sFanb.r a)eur.M uaqMp.snoslesturolstr. t)rrl r |^t .!1rd rii'roiio{ !,ri rd),.rl t r t:tr.t ttr.l lt, 'sru.^. asrno) ro 'uoBua r ro Lretd reln)trpd r(uprnoqla teurou sqr lo rpd seriq Lraddeq srn l.qrisna/1^ I $ reqrSurqFuosrol snonutruo) snonu$uor srnrnl s :o!vHlN :S]NVI ...,$.,.t. 'pasnstolduF ru.sard.qt ,pexuXIEPlllouoaq seqro .lq eFuro rPlnturelo lled sr.rnlnlaql uruorl]pup !aq/ aloullslu€s3rdt ,iprrii/ ,r!.rit.r.ir'r :ctvHlE t :Y ir i.li.rl rtrn)li ai.r,i 'urol o?6qo63+ 01par.l.rd !.uo sLsnonurrorNasardaw,06slqr.^ uleu sLtlu3q/ . (p33u€reuaaqseqnq1=) rrit :S]NYf :otYH)u :stNvt 'sqra^psrror aql osooq) L ti.lurvu.i.l 'f r/nii!.q nr(eqr)xooficl..'rt_I U,irpry? hr t)al atqeriitu )ri ite)q d:i4ory/ts,rr!rnl !x/r!/ !1! igr'/] roj !)ro!/r lrrd| !|r ^]\lotpann.!li.].tt).t.r t\!.) .F 'al u!q)a. :' Fq I t " teqt atueq.poo6e t,daqt: - 01punoq aq o1.-01h$tD(un)aqolt or ,/ej]ar ag or 5e qrnsi.rnml €qrlnoqesuorptpord ateu ol seserqd raqlo](!p(llarearaql . 1]!\' 'sinrnJ.ql . 1noqepeJ atdurlse ss.idxaot . u4 asna^\ I nt/:a1 ,,!.rtt1.tdt)ntti t|l1)ltu/at6u!obr \uttt Na[.t nr'',l 'Bulue.luutaruarajlp ûeurul ruprroduJou sraraLtl,saser 'uaatai6tt tan!],.tlta.rrtu,t ,ir./rr.rrod :€ 'tla isn a^ i3ruapt^. lu3s.rd u€Lllraq*r suo4ppadxa PuesJaNquaorno uo p.spqsruo]1'pardaqruaq/\ . (ItladorduaqlSuL&re)lou.r,noâasup) t=) Itrlirpjro!;..no,{1nrrd)d.ro./rd.rp (, brrtodaJro{ ir4d,7:rf/l 'or 611063snflPnsn a^\ 'luas d aql uraru.ptô.uos uo p.spqsruorptpardaql uaq/ . 'arnrnliqluoqe suotlrrpard a)€ur01 .44pueor 61106 asnat trtaLLt rttunt.a LLl i =) '.r rLiti rrir:t.r t.t,.t Artat ut. (uoBualulleFua8 iii, sru.ua;uere al uuapuoqe )llPt01 I asn^luo no parull .rou r rnonuluor lua$rd 3qtlo 3rn aql . itpr)t \). tt)r|.,4 / it.t.r)::.:;n at hutoft.u,l '.rflnt iq1$oqe u€r lu3$r 3rt11opeeFuror 6l]106.snsÊMlp )let or snonuquor 10\lPtrL.cta. s s 1ol ror r.d.ro rq- pLpor 6,,oblo as. aqj iufaw3uttu ,ilrl)l,tr. I' r, rtr!1,\',dr/ i li.lr.ra, a/.l '3rnln,(sqrq p.E!ere aêq3^^ButqFuosrnoq€ ol snonuluorlFsard 3q1.snil Tel snonu$uo) ]uacard E l")t))?u jat at 6!to$.taâru,l 'arnrryrpsusql u roluelsrp.q rpur uorlrp aq|arnrnJ.$rol suollu.lu!1u3$rd*.rdxi or or 6ulo635narl 016uloDz 'pe.rsu3lauls sql ast tsaluna)uas2uoasse ruasd ra ttun 'te6uotsea,e.utt.ttp' olaq'uaq^ l!r.* u!ân t,uoa iura!!3W3d r,t.iajteLitI1.ron.i n.taH t, a9t. stlt tr.r''I-- n,i 'srsttopue$sruo]d pasn ro] oslp r!rr14 );teinat aaat,1 lt,l p roJi"oalrd asnir' €ur)ieads lo tliLuouraqlrespeuuorst).p IIIIA I ernlnl €ql u! suolslraPPUPsuPld surroloJnu,lo /r a| au suollrlPs.rd 5 Other ways of asking questions Morecomplexquestionforms 1 Compound questions , Alret what ot whi.h, you..n u5ea nounto folm questions. Whichrestaurantdidyau go to7 What infarmatiandayou heed? . After,o4 you €anusean adjectiveor adved to fom questions. How tunwonhy doyou thihkhe is? How quicklycanyou 9et herc? 2 Questions with pr€positions Some verbs andadjectiv€s takeprepositions, forexample, ret o,, takabour, of etc.Thepreposition comes aftertheverb ftightened or adjedive.Don'tomitthe preposition. lVhatirereyau talking aboutT vrhatareyou frightened otr 3 Statements and negative questions . Statemendwith a risingintonationoftenfunciionasquestions. Theyar€oftenusedto expresssurpise atwhatsomeonehas just saidorto checkinformation. A: lbaughtthreepaiBafshoes. t Bt rau baqhtthreeparsafthaet? At Sophiearived yesterday. / B: Sheadvedyesterdat? Ithoughtshewas a tihgtoday. . Negativequestions alsoexpress surpdse, an opinionorcheck that infonnation is iorect. Didntyou liketheboak? Dantyou thinkitwaukJbe betterlfyau taLked ta her? Daesnt it statt at two? . Noticethe way we answernegativequestions. Didh'tyou hearwhatI sald? No,ldidnt. (Whatdidyausay?) Yes,I did. (Yousail we were late ) Ihe wods on earth,exactly,precliet can be usedto makea Whaton earth areyau doing? whereefrctly/pre.isely dayau thinkh is? I PRACTICE2 I CompLet€ the questions. I 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 l0 Whrchcafedovou wantlo !oto? How do vou lnow her? food are you goingto taketo ihe picnic? washewhenhesawyou at the station? -sulPrised areyou flyingin to? -ailPoft Whatarevou thinl,ino ? W h oi 5 s h em a r i e d _ ? Whatarethev famous ? WhoEreyoushouring_ ? How havevouknownher? 2 Wrlt€ a negativequestionto expresssurprlseat what th€ lp€aker !ays. Use the verbs in brackets. 1 A: Thatwasan awfulfitm. 4 Didnt vouLikeit? llike) 2 A: ldidnt knowshewasgettingmaiiied. (tell) B: -? 3 A: l'm silltdoingmy homewoft (finish) & -? 4 A: can I borowyour mobitephone? (havegot] B: _? s Ar Canyou explainitagain? (unde6tand) B: _? 5 A: Hetlo.Whatsyour name? Br ? We met lastyear.(rcmembe4 3 R€writeth€ questionstomakethem indk€ct. 1 what doesshedo for a living? Davauknowwhatshedaesfor a llvinq? 2 HowoLdisyoursister? 4 Indirectquestions . lndirectqueslionsareoftenmorepoliteor morefomal than normatquestions. usephras€s likecouldyo! tell meat the 5tartof the question. we useaffirmatjvewordord€rin indkect Couldyoutellnewherethebankis? Doyoukhowifthatrcstauantisopen? lwanted to khow whatyau thoughtof her. . Otherphrases canbe usedfor indked questions: /worder...' TeLlne ..j canyou rcnind ne --.?tl'd likelLoveto know... rel newhenyouatereadyta Leave. cahyou rcnind ne what tine out flight is? . Don'tus€do or did in the Present simpteandPastsimple. I wantedto kno9|whatyou thinkaf hel NOI t wantedto knawwhatdidjes+hi* af het. . Us€torwhefrerforyei/,o quesiions. cauldyoutelLneifthe.e s a banknearherc? Dayouknowwhethetthemeeting's gaingahead? Haveyou beenleamingEngLish fo. Long? coutd-? Howgoodarcyour liste.ingskiLls in EngLish? t_. WhenwilLyoube finishedin th€ bathroom? D o ? Arcyou goingto go out this evening? D o ? Howdo you say Of.ourse'jn your language? Coutd_? Do_? N,N\\N 'qll)lsBu!u.rs!l rno^ aô/u.r! ot rfil 01op 013u!o3areno{ teq/v\ssnrslc q ipalqns eql spreMol apnlDp Fq/rlq slieql 2rnoqe3u!)tprra)pad5aqls! suoasanb rarseaSuqse[l}'llnr]Jrp oolsur..s 1€q/1^ Surue$|]Ell pro^\,taêpueFrapunol Sul(lr pro^v '3.r, rol ^ltP3.l PPeotuaoP iq !€) ,(oFlol ro lt./,^ro^q.ldu€xa roj 's)roa rtsset) ûpl{ a8En8uplrno,( uroruatsl orqu ptnoa no,{reqr )ooq €.sooql .uoqdreLlrslo rafeld €dH rno^ uo rp) rno^ ur1rol Surua$!lpue)ooq otpn€upBut{nqrapFuol . '.lnosar Poot 'ule8v p qtMildo.d t oql sa3€n8uellsru raq1o Furalur {q ua)pdsqs|;ut or uarsllor/01'sra)ipadr qst:ut.^rrEU rou aie ploMoqr!!sF)€ds qsr8ul lo,( ofpulsp aql Lo ,'6Eli-uEa-qtlE-IT!r"1 p.êq .e d€) I €l-ddEi-dF?lj t'6trrlll/$ iFj-uoiF.l.l sEioT/\ aur ot8ut-\jlôtlJ1Er € 3ur^pqar,a/v\ 9 F loo.r)5lerP3,( ^ u u r i q o r p s r r o q M . t o o 3r0o t ^ ! e o e d u t ^ e aq r . , ^ 5 siqtIE-rEq-Tpa-fi-qEEE6EEo s eqs t utnt M@t t-fnq-FEqlTE16! s,aH € 'tutuaôstitl to-FlTrr €d, a{-IM-5tr6"1ii6-FF e uo Suro8u.t z .r,t.:li.,r,.,r::;,!irri r_t 'tli-q-F5Fi.F--{'ujjJJlN e s.lt I ru.Frllp e'{IMsaserqdp.ulF.pun aqr aretdat L 'lserqd 'puqeapun oqissan; oltur luopno.(Fqrspro^joaureau ..-".._--,.._,il_"1_V-L_a-l 'sproM 'sproMueljodut 3qr uo snroj . pas$as oql Îensn 'lntasn^'a eq uer o}rqq pus aqnrno^spqrns )n $!sq./ utpaFa$rutoreno,(rtdorpasooqt qsuButur dllr o3pt^suoqrleMrc or uo$t pue,(ep,iaâouuuo09 raaN or ino{ol]nrasn rsou ua.s aoteq sdlr rqt ,o rit!q/V\ '{pp &oâ lq alrrll e 3ulstrred r(q sugtsSulu.rslt rnor( sôldtu! uer nol ez .tPql asqto 'Mou)l,uop tsp$M^!eur oot.rp araql arrarre uorotlrPPUersrpunl,uP) raqr.Bora3raurlle sproMaqt .. aseJool )l?aosalooed ,qslt8ut ualodspu€$$pun 013u!,(|tuaqa lulelduor uouuor lsou rno^ s! rpq^l L 4oiuosaollorsr3Mollol aêqor .reElSexa ol p-poluaoP or (di AutqFuot aBrPWor .rer.Prsuor3q 01 !'HIO silr rqa Lq![] ]]4 o1 e qrLM;uqFuot qer 01 qrnrraqr q)r.4t 01 rcl o arc ueaariol f- qlfr) aôlul lFs.t.doq ne, 01 qrnn 3'I qrlA loLuolora aqo1 sNolol s111s rnoi(tu1,ro.rdu1 3u1ue1s11 euuoB rbirnr plor 03 ol raulavr. te ur pe3q{u ?uop s,.qs/s,.q (lpe) o pa]]tqr/(^)no lqror azoo! (&epl) .q or 1noP3ssalls (ptesauoauorleqa +)qlt.q or sr. trpsnor.Bueprcturi^3 ue doo) lniarer.€ I jqril oqr qr$ rtuouotraBur.qno,{a$ rc an4 rpqrst I 'uqrtw pto) oB orSutoB u,l ..t o) dn i lBdo1sor 3uto3ur,r 9 'puoll ;utlrs-:uot e s,.H .ulr tuot e utLl uaoq a^,t I laddadlo |])lld e qllMrr qe.LsêsaqsreqMa^.Fq l,uoc t '3I q$| enlq e sea rt re.'t o1paileM eq reqMutq plol I € 'ltq e q1n4r.q Suiq)Frrss,iqs r.q .^6u.q 1.uop I z pusuJ1'.q rturqr$ .ôt ut ^lsraldt.quelet a^,i ! 'Proatraxol 2rq8rlv tDvncNvltvtnoo110) :uor^ q.ru.ruas qrp. u!proaauo € €qr qIA r!.ret&t iSurppr)iisnf:€ 'lno P3ss.4s^llelor u,i il,uoo :V eFuuore aoroq tuer'êM.$ fE alqurars,leql :€ 'ôuou sMoloq stre4e oH urpFq û rtlerol s,3H:v Surop eauo)MoH :€ '^ enrre saleu lsaq.{u auoqltaFsdnÎear u,t :V Jo ;dn 5,1Pq/teûol,{.H ;€ i uol,lq;Hv ;v |..u '.uu qre. u!pro/"r/ore.tl|d auo a)etder 'tPtnDollor ss.tl!qeuror uollesr.ûo)slqt qlhat z Perfecttenses l;,!*itlli]: ;;";J;";.; ; ;;;;" : ;";;;;i;;; Past . p6rfe.t : Vshelâd ' affiled futur. . perf€ct : l / h ew i l l h E v e l w o r i h a v e : anived arived t,ad yoJ . arrived" 'WillyoLhale . p.*..t 1asn1d-ived . he arrledl arruea I l"adni arived . arriveo" ^, *,i*"** 'tt *" Oo.ts il rime.Tl'eys.ow a(l.onsbslqe a padiculariimein the present, pastorfuiure. 1 Presentperfect ThePresent perfectlinksactionsii the pasttoth€ preseit. < PresentPerfect *Y+iutlre beforeiow This can happenin a nunrberofways. . Theactioi is noi finished, butcontinuesintothe present. (= andwe stitllivehercnow) WehavelivedhereaUou,Liver. . Theadion took placein a periodof time whichis not finished. WeveaLlbeehillthisyeat.\= this yearis not finished) I ve beenta kaLyseveftL tunes.(= in my lire) . Theactionhappened veryrecenttyandis still news. Theyvejusthada baby. . T h er e s J l tos f d p a s a r d i o na r es r i l l i r p o a a nnr o w . Ive lostmyhabileph.hel . ThePresent perfectis oftenfoundwiththesetimephrases. atready eyet lot jun rcve. since safal thisnranth/nohihd/weel today yet REMEMBER! lfyou elate th€ actionto a speclfic pastunre,usethe Pastsimple. t fitnnlet jahi v)hpr, I was21/ in 20A,:i Pastperfect PastPerfect r-'-- 3 Futur€perfect TheFuture perfect link tlvoactions ortimesin theflture. . ' '-------.''-=='-= past now the pastofthe future pointin the futur€ We usethe Futureperfectwhenwe tookforwardto a time in the fuiureandthenthinkaboutsomething that will becompleted beforethat time.lt k oftenintroduced with by + futuretimephrase Caft,eoverabautten.WelI haveeatenbythen. a y t h e l i m e t m s o . n o p p tl l h a u p e a n e d c. . 9 1 o . ) . a ! N o t i c e t h e w o r d o r d e rFouf t u r e p e r f e c t q u e s t l o n s . 1 2 3 witl you havef i nished by tana rcw7 l.i,mc!Cf1 1 Lookatsentences1-3. Arestatementsa-. true (T),false(F) or lt isn't sure(Ns)? 1 They'vetivedin Francefor neadytlvo yeals. a Tl-eylive n F_a.ceiow. b Tl-eyused!o l:vei. F.ance c Tl-eyroved to Francearou.dtwo yea-sago. 2 DavehadhadhisdinnerwhensaLlyarrivedhome. a Davefr. +Fd eatin8be'o'eshearived hone. . b Davewar earrg w.en sle ariled hom€. : ,. Shearived beforeDavesdinner. 3 We Llhaveraisedmorethan€100,000bythe endoflanuary. a w F f a v e . i r a k e d€ 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 y e r t b wp llhave€100,000beforeFebuary t c we !e alreadyra sed€100.000. . 2 CompLete the sentences with the correctform of the verbsin ThePastperfectlinksapoi.t in the pastwith a time furth€rii the past.lt describes actionsthathappened'beforethe past'. , W€ canaho usecLauses with bythetine,when,et . fhe pattyhadfihishedbythetinte tarived. we wentan halkt.ywhenwe'dfinished autexan5 Noticethatwhenwe usebe&reandalteathe orderof eventsis obvious, so the Pastperfectis not alwaysnecessary. trehenbetedta lockupbeforelwentta b€d --i , , pasrmonreir shehadbeenittfat sanetire bet'arc \he died. Whenlgot hamethe caIhades.aped. l.4anyof the time phrases perfect oftenusedwith the Present arealsousedwilhthe Pastpe ect. Hadyauev.rseehthenan bet'arc tllarnight? t4atyhadn t beenabrcadfot nanyyeart. We canuseby+ pasttimephras€s withthe Pastperfect. B y e i g h t o ' . l o c k ) d ' tg ' \ , , h a dn t a n a g etdo e a . " 1 Thegrassis exlremelydry,it (not rain)for we€ks. 2 we (sitl at the tablefor about25 minutesbefore anyonecameto takeour order, 3 B y t h e t i m eh e w a s f i v e , J o e ( t e a r n ) t po l a y t h e gurtar. 4 at the endof next month,we _ (live)in this flat for (make) s lt wasno goodtryingio peuuadehim - heup hismiid a longtimeago. 6 come andcallforme aboutseven,l {finish)my homeworkbythen. / l d o n t t h i n kl w o u t dr e c o g n i sAei i t a a n ym o r e (notsee)herfor yeaB. l- real3qlIq lorllrq OgOZ sl aatupeq.e.l?êq1!a/ paqcear serrrrll lPrllpaieurllse um{ 0€ }se aq}ro}rP?,(qe?atusrradE i uoqe ^q qptro,$aql tulseanu!uaaq seq/ paseen4se{01uo!}Etndod luo$qndodiutloldx3 's3|lr'nol0l.J|o LLort sLPa 000'F lellaow Eulpe oa ueeqseq/ petoelpt seuaau 'a|J,tls tll pepe o.seq/&twlp. ul 686I arulssu?reloSLsdad lc l,.eqss{s ^te]l 'rtodorocuro4rllaleê3uer1sutlc utl llo3 Fd.d F.ttlq .ql '3^11lsntlo e8ea!+ s,pueqsnq )aq lt eN)a+eaotseq/ uea L l€ asnott.slusJEd rPr,l t€3Lol €.ts3ur,t3H JosLortrpP4 dql qr^ aruepior Laâ,olasroqeuPs;ql Jt peU peUt p?^!le eveAaql 1n8 eea,{E8 uEql€,\e} ou )alpeltrcwu.aqpeqlpeluew req pueeqs sSeuieur ueaqrrerrqpuEqsnq NoSuols,puo/r^ aq oI puaueuanorqse4lut rrq, l 'tol lo e8eaql l€ prlp / palpssrrruem8ue nr-tuaqM deatslart ur ,{itnle3red .[.l||iu rteiuot ..!tlof eql 's33apelqure]asroj prolarp'lot e Fs ol pe4 te a peq/palqJeMseu,auoor ']dtuslleplosa lnlssasrns l0q1 s,pl,roiaql slPolc eroleSs33apelquacs]o uor]lodtsaSrel aI sAZe7ll'l Eulsnue.q ereq I pesna eqj e\edX ut stlooJ , r.q|!{q F.[4q qflIoi.r 'tllrolsnon!1uo) pue s.r€rs3q!rs.p sqr.âuo5 3rtlur P.sn^llensnlou 3roi.r€q1are u3auItW!u r r i ) . i . ! r r ji r r l r i r i ' r , r i r i i r l 'tinrr,ir !r!r1 r::.r| Lrlr) iiri ,\; 1rrnLl.:l sllnsor ro uollslduor 3!|'rseqdue.re 3^^ssnP)aq 'p.sn e .^rBno^Jl sr std us aql r.qunu rf€ale rrorrsd luasard ,;rr,,i.i,, Itrll ,1:€ rlrr.i :V (InsaruLpal$Flur=l . !'! rr i,rrN rf \ i!r'i:r,r riririir.rriu+rlr!r nrslr r:€ =) .i i.ir), r:tr' r.t (ti.f ri I I \! \'riLriii:v (,(l^tpe ut p.1s3r.1ur noâêqlerl/l , uolFnb ,zPo^3tqrP ao q a u r o l . q l r a r \ s u e I ^ l h r p e u e t ol t n s 3 l . q ls s l s P q d u a . u atdutsiql .sn ./\^ ,esurrr nol luadsnof aêqaoH, uotF.nb ualo urro,snoiulruor.qI 3qlsr3^sue1 ^r^ lrE !e s.qLDsoP 0u0c1u sul)tv]u8 'dol.q eP|rle.'{ru|suro,qra^ls.qaqrasooqf,€ '/ ou 3qFnur Paqsruu^!eau u.$9 9 . q ! - t r e o e u o [ e - u c - d dr r L u o ( " b d ) | s i u o o . { o r r l L €L ) r s ( e a r . . ^ a u ) (,{1d.,rc4 cLsrrq !(u e\r. (D'.() | | s 3t t surLroufe ,t qrorou s L \L o (tut ro{) z ? ro { r L . t , c ^ a r e q rr l l s ( q s t J U ' E r n e l s a r . q r l e B e q ,( a u^ E q ) - t ) u t q l t i o ut t o t sFt)erq u! sqra €q1to uro, snonuluo, rr.!.d ru.s€rd.tl1 rc atduFp.#ed N.s.rd aql qrlas€cu.ru.s eqr.r€tduol z {rr^qre ue rnoqeuo[sanbP ,(rr^tpeue,o sllnsar.ql roqe uo4sanbp psttsull^t essar.u10! strlrtqa uorpPue pale.d.r s LPlllauorlreue p.u3dde,lspqSurql.Luos saurlroraquru aqr uo|l)el38uole O1er5 E luauou e rot fluo rFel qrt'la uolp€ uE L] 3 J 3 p r q € 'olodra1€M Pqll sêMle3^,18 el3luudaql Pax, nofaêH I za€qrdn SutoPuaaqno^3êqleqr 9 e^,1 5 fururoule no,(rreluor013ur^:'1loaq i)irupû llrds.^,nol t srnoqlera^.srol apFlnoSutl!€auaaq3^,faql € s a u D l o s p . r p u naqt ^ o usr r q l u a aas , l z Lra.qsPq31e) L )roMsuoq Fq SuLop 'q-p suolrdps.p o18-! sa.ua!€s q)*N L z tf lL)vud sllnsar s^ sall^lpv € {P.qsull ^l!essoau rou s,1l=) r, iL.ru!,jj!:r,Lrr!rrlirrlxtI '$r.Jrl;rr1 Far.tduor =) !.1ei1l.nurruo)plnoraM urol snonulluoraql ro .Ftduoru I sruolpe aqlleqr sastseqdlua 'uroJ aldur|' aql .sn 01 PuolaM pal3lauror sEuoll)eoql aase^ rl suollrE,alaldurotul, s^ suolpP.4alduol, z a p e u . ^ , 1 = )r ^ i i ui r r rrl r n r r , r r r: r : r : ! . r l . 1 ! rr,r ! t i l l r n , , i r i j . ) {i r (aL!!1auosslsel=) rilivrr:rr.if(rI ri irr,i..r.:il ( r u a u o up' r o , I t u os F e l = ) , i r i , r i l 1 L i , { n i . r l r ^ , r, r r I r " 'par€ada.r sP^\ro '.ur4 ]o Polode rot sanurro) uolpe oqlleql s.elseqdura uiol snonuruor.qI P.snsruro]ildus t€ ll .rlr'.ull uoqs/ta^ ero lu.urou e roJ^luo slselLronre ,^jeuaruolu, s .palP€dal, / ,3uol, L 'urol relnrlr.r€d e .sooqr sMue€ur qrtq^\stseqdur.uLs.ru.r.lltPorE3r3q1'saser Fou !r'ro^.iôl.l ! L r r , ) . i ,I tf : i i r . i r p r r ^ r ls "ri ! , r , ) i 1 r , L j . , 1 i , . i l i r i r l r i n \ ' ir :; , 1 'o4 r..al.q Surueouutsrt]3l.], PlueuoduIou sl .q1 araLtlsauoauros aôqePaqu)s.Pseru.sardaqr pu€rsedeqr)iull snonuluorpa]rec uas..rd.ql puesldutsrroFo lu.sardsql qro€ snonu!luol PUPaldurlspa}.todlu€sardoql lnoqe .rol^l I 2 Completethearti.t. with wordsin the box. ACHITVIMTNTS to foundan organisation, etc to developa th€ory/machine,etc. to teada poliricalgroup, etc. to makesomethin8 possible to donatemoneyto.harity had influence means enable make cause take had No one doubis thal modern technologJ'has ' a t'ug€ impact ]_working life, bui has ril a positive or negatjve i ? nroil and ihe intem€t I us lo comu catewith colleaguesall ovef the world jn an i]rsiml, but th€J fu!€ also 6 to a cL hue where we earect insmntresponses.Becauseof globa]tine dllT€rcnces, this can resull r_ a sjtuaiion ilhere peopleend up workinglaie md unsoclable hous. Similarly,nobile phones. it possible for us to be airav from ou| iiesks nithout collcaguesor clienls hto{ing that $e are actualy on the beach.but ftose rvework Rith also jt tor granted tiEt they can get hold ot xs whenevcrtheyneed to. Thisr0_ihat it is hdder to siiich offftom work comptercty, and can _ a lot ol disruprion to family lile. I to raise6oney for charty to set/break a {newlworldrecord TIM€PHRASES jn the earLy/mid/Late 16thcenrury 3 Wfite the nounforns ofthe verbs.whid nounsand verbsarethe same? OTHER to takelomethlnSfor gGnted I PRACTICE 'l Decide if eachpair of sentences meanrhe sane thing.If not, what h the difference? 1 a b Z a b 3 a b 4 a b BradPitt hasraiseda lot of moneyfor chadrz. BradPiti hasdonateda lor of moneyto charity. Wewill probabt lind a cur€withinthe nexttenyeau_ We will probabt find a curewithinthe nexrdecade. Thedetective discovered a srrangestory. Thedetectiveinventeda srrange story. Penicitlin hasenabledusto curemanyitlnesses. Penicitlin hasmadeit possible for usto curemany 5 a b 6 a b TheconquercEexptorcdthe Westernlslands. TheconqueroB defeatedthe Wesrernlslands. Mobilephoneshavetransformed our lives. l'{obitephoneshaveinfluenced our Uves. lmprovingyour speakingin the classroom 1 Asyour EngLish be.omesmoreadvanced, it is importantto improveyour a.curacyandfluencywhenspeaklng.which tips wiLLhetpmak€youmorea.curate,ftuento.both? 1 2 3 4 AtwaysuseEnglish durirgpairandgroupwork ALways useEngtish to askquestions in ctass. Try to speakasmuchasyou canduringctassdkcussions In class(andat home)listento the prcnunciarion oi nen wordsandphrases andpractisesayingthem. 5 Tryto thinkin English whenever yo! can,andrry to avoi. trarnatingwordfor wordfromyourown language. 6 cive fullansweBratherthanansweringwith a wordor 7 Askyourteacherto writ€ downimponantcoffections andtellyou aboutthem afteryards 8 WherepossibLe, takea few momenrsto planwhatyou aregoingtosayandthinkof the bestwords,grammar structures, etc.lo express whatyou wantto say. 9 Listenwhenyourteachercorredsotherstudentr. 2 Whichthfee suggestions couldyou work moreon? iiix\l ir.lseupe3q p t o{ u r 5 t ' s r . r pp a re B u u e . as l o } L M r } . l a q 1 !uoe u 3 q 1 uol$llod^q P.!trotte^lpeq u a o l s l o r j a o q r q l q M ' a P e 4 S u l q s g a9q l u a a qs e q ' s P ! . d . P ' u o n P u . r r o J u l . r o u o ^ e q l l l l a . r \ uneou^ I e ) l l , l s 'lnraler8,ldaap:q s,(pMle uorlPuatoqM3qr ueure srsH l1/'\ 'ap61no ol sn ptol PA ! Poou peqe ur sea $ruo[d..ar aql € '!ogeradourlou 15o u31s^tralnduor Maurno z Irrs stsornaPu€snoql1er.^3s 'unasnurPMousr'Pltqre 5ep.^llsu.))lc asnoqsrql I u3qM' uo asoqM' oqM' urorlMo1LplqM' qrlqMUl' 'xoq iqlut€serqdro P.roMP q1!as.rualu.s.qr ar.Furol € le qroMaq.riqM qresqaqr 8 r 8urê15ar,3M lrrqMl.loq 3q1 I uroqse^\tq)rqMe)eld3tl1 9 s.;Pn8!etle PooBs o'lM euoouros S a t E s j osl t o s n o oq q Ma t d n oar l r t êpr.ls.,{Mes.M ueuoM3q1 € r3],rP s)ooloqMaloauos z sleurrue sllatleqMdoqsP L 5oue3l3lnduro) Pueq-Puo.s 'ur€ql1'.rro:) 2piroru! .re saserqdqrlqn z '166t ur sea'aenuSunofe P.sEalar .1€l .9 poêld.rts ul!, lsrt] si113q)uel€ ur ?podasrpered { e P a q l s , f e p u n s5 r a q l o u p u e ] {8t ! l E ^ p u eo t t t e a a -'.ss/egPrlnoq 'M.F qsuJo pr'!) e s PPqaMrouuLprol t 'rllnq a s u e a r e t d o q r sts!q€ ] a q o l S u r o S s r t u E r q u ',&runor ttuou 3ql ut aqllo reL.,r Suerql z sr'puelleu ut saorrl5a33q !q1 1o3uosr ' , ( e p r e q laoq tr a d p d . q lu t s e Mo l o q d ueu aqls,leql I aq1P..u.a) ()ooq!l)l'ta rôDtol asnep3^11elar rr:$rjriri, \ Lilai,i, irrirr'i)ri,il irl |i.r!,"! ir:ri:: l (ueu q)lq^ ^ oll ol asnet)a^[eFr aqlP3.u oMJ . i r r l r l . l . l! r i)ir.ioli:.Li 1..!Lr';i, ir:,:rrr' 'teuuor issPr !t ou ore arsql stql lnoqeBul)lel.ieaMuosrsd 3q1s.ulr.uos ro 8utqlqrlqr\ snIa101^res$rausrasnep.^r1el3r (spuuo)rnoqrtM)sasnPP€^!lel.r;uluuio s^3ulullaoz a^lletarBulullaP-uou sesnPP 'r.'rj r trr,irLi'niN I i.ri4 'oqalo pe.rsur.'roqeasn.M asers rtl urlErl!.rLloN unouora aNretsr3qraroj.qo3 uer {aqr qsll3ullpurol^'a^ urlnE ' !1l!'r'irii, i ' i q , t , Ir ' r ' i u . r : i , , r l i l '.snEpaqlJo P€ aqrr€o: ^lPurrousuo[sod.rd ii-t L'] r. I ri lil i:ir,,. rri ir. r.lr:i I i rrrir rrr + ,.,:r1;rr:r i r.:rIr,i i I :1irI i::tll,| 1r r'rrri I . i I i r i i r r r ! r 1r , r ; i r r r r . . r ' i . "l 'p.l1ruooslE arEsufouori'parxuo .re t]aqrpuP.raq qtl rr.Jqis aqro1r.r.r qr qMsProa.snePa 1€larE q1a sarual!.saurquror.Muaqr . . i . r j : rf, r i jr i i r , ii r r . i r r fi i r t r . , r .rri N L r r ' l , r ! 'i :r | i i i : i .r r , i: r : r i i r r l . i . r i , : , . 1 1 r . , i l , ; r t i r\ l ; r , , j 'teq )a aqr\'q.tqM\ua ue) no{ 'asnpp.^rlel.r .rt1jo pafqo.q}s tutqlro uosradPtt asnep 3 q 1 JD o e f q n€s q l s L u r o l o r3d^ 1 E l aarq r ' o ^ o qse. l d u r e xa.q ru L iUlSt'I3hl3d .I r i rj f . : i r J . r l r r . r r i , 1 i r , 1i 'ri:,rI l i r r r l ' . . / . q a q ! a s u o t l t s o d acrocr P . M l e q l a r l r o N aqr ar€ldurof, L araqa /(tuounouoi a^treF e qIA sarLraluas trlirn,i \ri I sLrrlr \ !rr.rrirr,rr.rr i'j!r i s.rPld . luotrtsoddd + leqllplq^'.)a'lA) rrlri r.rr!rlfti'r!r \riiqi !..lrlrr ntr 1.iii I (rro'/,) suolss.ssod . t lf trfvud I r:i--!-EF:i.]+:t ii jif jr.rr ii. ;. ; i.ri.,r,loN i!.xr'^'a\ r,ziî sesnep Sutuu.p uou ur unouorda^rrEt.r3qr tno.ê.l ro!uPr no rriri .,r # ir!!r|ri,1; ; r r r r i , ,r j i l o N irirti:,r I i I ijr ||_- !rr'|rr.r!i.ri,!i.r.,r,, rrrrrf I ir!1 ri :. frii, rr rL.il 'unoue r3lJPlPtl4 esnol lrarorursrll ir!sW3w3u r,,r'riri,rlfr:.r.re.rfiirLrilixr,fl,,'r,r..,.jr,,r,\'i.:iirr,rjr'rrl r a s n e p S ! ! ] a P l o u u L r P q r . s n1 o l u e r f o 'liiriJ rr.- i:r.:ij rrr.! r!li/li:rl!,r{ rrririJi j rr i8a8w!l^tfu :rrili iirilir f'r,rr l rrlq4.qiii' ir_'ir.r,ri.ri ! ;'il rf :illi lr ! i lrr 1r!!rg$ i iLir,1! )!.{rr'.i! ixr r rl}ri q r l !!Lr rfr.,r (reqt''Plqa)sSurtll' '(uaqla .Jaq^ a'aL!^'oq/r 'reqr'q'q^) unouord3^l€Fr € 3!En seull puesareld'suorssassod '.tdoad s8utq1uoq€loBeurolutsn a^r; r.sneP3^[elal tPraua9L aql (ratp,!€ss.r.u I pue).roJaqseuuotrore3ra!l iase)slql u t u o l r € u r o j uer4 x a s . ^ t t r r - r n o q € S u f l E l s r e . M u o e a d / 8 ! r t l l 3w saurn.uos q)lrt/r\snIa101^res.)au lou slasnelra^Llelar (seuuo) qra) s€snep.^!rp|d 3u!u!t.P-uoN sasnelfaA!lPl€u Q u a n t i f i e r s w i t h c o u n t a b t e ua n cdo u n t a b l e n o u n s Quantifiers Countable and uncountabLenouns . Noursir English areeithercounrable or uncountable. tf€ rour js u n c o u n t a bilred,o e sn o th a v ea p t u r a l f o r m . . somenounsir English havecountabte anduncountabte forms. L. r i , , i l i i ,r . L " i : ; r : i : . . ' r , : , i . ; r , $ r r i f : r ( = u n c o u n t a b l e ) : r.::ri I ri,'ir:|.i,.iflj (= countable: cupso/cotree) . Someuncourtabte nounshavea pttratforrnwh]chis differertin ii]iLi..|'. jjL. ''.r.1 i].ij 1.] ]ii l],|hil]|Lll (= urcountabletphysicatham) rri, I f. ii.r r ir liN,ji,i!j l= ptuat:financiaL Quantifie6with countabtenouns . sevent, one ot two, a <ouple,a few quite a few veryfew Afew, a coupLe andonear twa altmean a snr.I number,. I :rr :. rr ! rl ii! i I Nr|l\: or'r.!\r !r seyeralmeansmorethana few. "lh r,...r,! rjl Noticethat a/ew andqrtrea few emphasise the positive. . \ : i I i n $ r r : r r : : t \r , l i j r i l , I r : f n r wheteasfew andveryfe\r enphasise rhat it is a smarnurnDer. I j r ! i r L .r \r , r ' . r i i \ i ; r r r r i r : . r i.. \ ' r i f r . f r i r r i r r i r l . nany, a nunber ol toadsof, hundrcdsof, doens of, erc. T h e sa e r ea l L u s ewdi t hp t u G t c o u n t a bntoeu n s . Manyanda numbetofarcusedin moreformalsitrarionsto iatk abouta large,nonipecificn!mber. Loadsaf, hundreds of anddaze,ro/are mosttyusedinformaly. Ioo nary is usedwith co!nrableiouns to mean,morethanwe i ' . , .j : i r i r : fr | r , i r , , , : i r . j Quantifierswith uncountablenouns ' a little, very little, (guite) a bit of A little ard a bitof rcfetto uncounrable nouns abdoltendsto be usedin conversarion andinforrnatsiruatiors. i r . , I r r i i l r . )r r t . f i j r L j i l r rli. r i i , r r , i r : r r r r rr,:r . : r i ) r .I r i l r i r I . I ' f r . I r f . t r f i ; L/frlelyeryllttleemphasises a smaltquanrtry. I i ! r l Lr I' r il , r 'r ' i i , .i l .: , i Quireabdolis usedto emphasiserhe positiv€. We cannorsay i r r :r r ( t L . r ) l irjl r r r . : l i , r i J . J l i r i . much,a gteat deal of, loadsof Muchis usedtotalkabortlargequarriries.tt is usedwirh uncountable nounsandis maintyusedin qu€stions andneg.tives. 4 greaidealo/ is usedin fornralcontexls - toadjo/ is infolmal. I , . ' . r f , 1 , . : i r i L l i \ ri ) j r , r r | , r r r r .:., i t I ir, I r,!, r . l " : i rr,i irrfri i1ri,. iii Ioo nrc, is usedwith urco!ntablenounstomean morelnan i . i::l!fi r r fi i :..iri tir: r i r L r r r. r ; r , , Alorofis usedwith bothcountableard uncountable nours.tt is usedLess in formalsituations. tt is not usualLy usedin negative sentences aid qu€stio.s. lofs otis lsed in the sameway. . 1i,i " f . l r r . . ' r r r ' , : , . r ; r r . . I. i i i , i . E oughis usedwith borhcountableanduncountabte .orns ro mean asmuchaswe need. Plertyof means'morethanwe need. rr;. r:riirrriii -r: I r. \irrL. ji)i.riir jirr jr:,i. irrrfti!:,r r:f.t someanda/ryarebothusedwith pluralanduncounliorenouns, andin positiveandnegativesenrences. somerefersto a limitedquantityornumber.tt canbefollowed jlfi r..i ii , ilrirrl: iri il| i , r Li r r r i :$ ! r , , , r r r r r i r l J i it,r,tr:iirLri:r,rl 4ny refe6to an urtimitedquantityor number.With a positive ,.,r i, i rr.ij i.,rr,r.,rir i\ .1i). :.;i: (= all of them,ii doesr't Whereaswitha negativeverb,it means.one. r,. li ...II\ I,'iILi |i.,jLr, rf i. (= none) z l'inacirCr 1 choosethe phrasewhichis closesrin meaningtothe ones 1 slvqalpeople haveappliedforthejob. hundreds/ loads / note than a few 2 lhere aretoo marv peoplein the recording studio. dozensof / hundrcdsof I norc than weneed 3 We haveveN little tiflre beforerhe busteaves. enoughI not nuch / plentyof -5is 4 Drojelrhd, a rea€v!o\r r( a C]c!&eat of money. a bit of I a lot of / not enough 5 Youcanget a freemapat4ytourjst office. attofthem / noneofthem /someofthem 6 Dont buy aiy morefood,we ve got p!e!E. enough/ norethanenough/toonuch 7 Heeatsani/thing. everything / roth ing / @thin thi ngs 8 ldon't like5g!ie of herrecentsongs. all/cettain/'tl,ost 2 Choosethe quantifierwhich cannotbe used. 1 Iherc atea bit of / a few / qu ite a few / sevenI rhin$ ta say. 2 I hete is a bit ol / a little / vety fittle / very few norey teft. 3 lherc weteabitof / asrcatdealof / hundrcdsof/ roadsof peoplewaitirgforthe teamat the airport. 4 Ihete s enough/ much / plenty of / too nuch sahi. the sarp. 5 | foolishlydidr't foltowa / any / no / someal the adliceI wasgiven. 6 knewsomeofthe peopteir the room,buta/es /ary / nary / 5oDeof them r'd nevermet befor€. 'LlsllBulu.todsrno^ !ôrdur!01p.dpq seqt qrnu ^{oqsru3Pn$raqroqrlaereduor pu€ stesse uaqf qtuour€rc,uoI &1PUPseeP!€qt lo €Lro€sooql z 'urofu€rno^leqr e3iP lP)olrno^ urqnltrqsnButrc aSuEqt(auorreeaûore Pull 9 'rr^Psor eoq Peaqrnox urisqrprd puEuetdpue',{eso13êqlq3turno{leqr Bulill ' o p u q a q i s u r t e u | 1 r r er r F . ^ t u n r n o ^ 1 es r u . P n r s u3!..,o1oluaorrno,(uI ststrno101SuqeidslroM 1e) qsll8utasno1.êqrq8tu no^3r3qMsuooPnNlotutql 'Suqeads a)l|lsrou ua4osrqsn;ut lo at^15aql'8u|1!a.re no^ qtnoqlv slu3u.rLlor.l!M Pue utPa$aralular€no^D.iqns e lnoqeunroj aulluoue ulof 'ule8e asFPrd',0es.)au 1l u.lsll uoLlr PueulPSP Jt uoaeDunuordrnor()trort) jtaeno^ Pnoleit SulP€r .srpeld No!-c^c aq1uo rl ol ua$!lpuPl llun uo4 orpneJo uoFr3s}loqs€ esooq:) 'uollelrunuord F.!o) r noû! otPneaql o13uru.lsll oql paqr o1tuPUorprP-ruru eqr anDerd Iq ouroqle sproaMaulouoBer)unuord rno^ ol u.lsll 01 5a)4srL1r Dalor PUe:ulPro.ar Fqresl rno^ )isPpu€'1e${es Ih no,(leqM.sorud Pue uetd'rra 'doldeyauoqd .Iqow )nof8usn a6pl 6u!In) uo4 qsel Sur)iP.ds .qi SuroPjPtno^ ulu ro Prorel 'nor(rol atqlssod.rereqr eot.q seipt aql )l)tl ftluno, uao rnor(q I oP01anlssodM s! r! $q 'uroo.rssPtr 3qt 3plslno?u!)Feds.slrr€d ol r.lsP€ qrnurs! 1!'/Orunor3u!)e.d5-qs!tBu! ue ut 8u!^!lalE no^ ll L sBulqt , ,{uoluarar E prerEtde E &opt^ p reot,e uoolEqe uroor3aptrq reuueqP uotlPrlsuouap e rte]e uolldararE p rorerrads ulllor € €Llnlso) e lPraunlP prsM4se €urnou E apered e oslPueqrrau '/\ôl.qsalro;aNr .qr o1xoq aqlu!sproM 3ql qtlPh ! 1}r)vud I !]HIO aug ino(.leror (^rÊrpNU e) dn al?r or {FnoFsturqr.uos qe} ol .)qd€lel01 )roa.rue te Bs.Je uel e rlele ruPdlFUaBeSuoue uotrerorap e .lnfore u,,rore or ial3r!er!a uP.SreLp le^!ur4e uoorSaprqe .prq€ uoolPqa .ldo.openrE01 ^leti^luueue s-tNlI l tvDtds (11uoorssep eql epgslnoqs;18ug aêM eruels urolar taqar an.nb aloluord lsalord .pEred r3q1PB3t€rorap dep raaqr alerq3tar uStEduel asurol unou3qr.ie tPqA\ 2urol u n o u . q l s Pe u e s . q l p u . r P x o q3 q 1 u l s q r . ^ . ^ $q r l q ^ \ € sruoredrtaql $lte8e qset)/ pq t ualeduet e ara, sr.Seuoarûew 9 -tred aql ularetd looqrslenuue / te.se / uedZunerU.],l5 'raqpur sLq/ooroqd e / Dle / dn saryr ay sqleu le PooS^tqur.l 1 33rD 'pt d. aq ot PaêMI Paddelt / pa.r{, pueûoleq aql oluo rno.uetr tul) 3q1 € 'sreef )nat fraâ a'etd I go / rred otEl sldulto 3tt1 z 'waads stq ,nd aPzu / /PIP luiPts.rd.qr seruotFaraasroPrlsuouaPaq1 'sraMsue rs.q .q1 $oo'tf z aêMe/.êM or (.psed),Golrhe ueSolse lsureSe!o|lP!are lsureSe$a1ord e/lsaprd o1 uorlouoroe/apuoro o1 PereldE lnt{otlot plMo301 qxsdseqe(F^3or Aull3qte8et.qplor arerqu. ue/.)eiqui or qla qsepol deF 01 Faqr 01 uotre4.lar e/ore4alar ol u3eduer e/u8edub or rtuou3ratre r3uue!e iPAoD I $arPpe or s.lsttotd oNv sNotj vt€il]f, 4 Could Couldalsoexpresses possibility in threeways. . Ability(asth€ pan of cn) rte.ouldak!a,1l,Mlko, i1L bttthdaj: itu . Pemissioncooid/rrrirr.tlor r npreril . Present/future po$ibilityo/ t:.16e lctuldbegk\tg. Overviewof modalverbs Mustexpresses necessity. Thee arerwo typesof necessity. . Obligation I m q r t 4 . / r o m . r o y I f e g o tt . b ea t ' n a t Ie a t l ) l t t n o n a v . Musr,t means'obligediot to'l not altowedto'. rou nustn tsaoke itilerc!\/eu.oul.l4at aficl S May Generally, r?ay(,ot) expresses possibility in two ways. . Pemission(mainlyin first person:formaL) Mayt\tearla \:aD rna tnan,rri? . Prcsentfutu€possibiLity Therenay bea \!.nr laa! REMEMBER! Haveta andhavegat ta alsoexpressobltgatio..Murr often expresses 6 Might an obugation that comesfromthe speakerwhiLehavefo/havegorfo . Presenvfuture express possibilityty. $ighttee),au latet.r'r'eli\eewhat anobLigation that com€sfrornsomeone orsonrerhing eLse. rrrdJt9o/r.rrerr., /r'.it.i.. (= havedecided this) . Pemission(ratheroidjashianed)Might t atkyor Laipeal upa tifite? I veqat ta be.r ,'i.k'.. li t.tf .hirr rl.trin] (= my bossdecided this, hav€aneartynreeting, ek.) Theldeathatsomething isnot necessary isexpressed bydor'rhayefo. REMEMgER! f.ti dan t hafeta bLr!. ti.i.t;ll.i., tl.ti t tatila . Thediffer€nt degrees of probabiliry expressed bymodatverbs can besrmmaised tikethis. Herelnustrneansiromthe evidence tam surethisistru;'. H es r a i e h t | | . r i t gh i sp h o n e] l e m u t b e h a n i c e t i n g . lf we wantto saysomethingis logicaltyimpossible, we usecar't. Sur.lyh..anl be 6a,heariy iaaksabautla! 2 Shouldlshouldn't Shorld;susedfor obligations that arenot strong it is not necessaryto do someihingbut it is'a goodidea'orrightthing. v.u dtould beiti be.lbyna,r (= this isthe dChtrhinC) | 4outd'ir r , l - r r l o t d g o o dr d e d ) ". REMEMBER! . srouldcan befoLtowed bya conrinuous form. . r h ( r1 / n . I e L . . . , 1 n- , . Ougrrtuhasthe samemeariigassrorld. (-1orl far auEhr ta be in betl by h.t/'. 3 Can Canexpresses possibilityin threeways. . Ab'lity 5hpcanipp.kflaent tjetn.n (= sheis abtetospeakcerman) Bearle fo alsoexpresses ability. r-ne'3ableior,realflrer,r (ier"rr Whenthe sentence needsan infinitive(e.g.afterwarf or aftef anothermodalverb),usebeableta, not can. lvanttab4 ableto ling Liketrel CabI iktetnrT fot a h.nlerti (= is it possibLe ro irteriupt?) tt 5vetulat ir nlitn1.t,brt itcak bet.ezirl i1||ijt€t. Noticethatca, is not usedro talkabourspecificpossibitities eitherin the presentor in the future. La.Jkni rli..t pboarl i I coukti nay I'hight Lt,ii nve NOTr..l rrrr..Li/th.r.r lr+t,:)t1!h .. I tcAgr.-r i 'l Tick sentencea orb whichis ctosestin meaningto the fhst. 1 Yo! sho!ldn'tsayanything. a lt s notagood id€atosayanything. b lt s forbiddento sayanything. Youm!stn't sayanlthing. a lsayyor're not altowedtosayaiything. b lt s not necessaryto sayan)4hiig. Th'scan'tbethe rightwayl a l'm surethatthis isntthe rightway. b Peftapsthis isn'tthe rightway. Youdonl haveio tetlhim. a lt3 not necessaryto rellhim. b lt s prohibitedtotellhirn. ThatmustbeTim arthe door. a I m surethEtt Tim at the door. b Perhaps that'sTim at rhe door. a lt som€times snowsin lvarch. b Perhaps itwiltsnow in l4arch. Thematchcoutdbe ponponed. a Perhapsthe matchwaspostponed. b Perhapsthe matchwiLlbepostponed. ! D ! tr tr . tr D - n tr D ! n isSeurll.qP.Bueq) '$qroP ,$!! rot e (Inq)-.qe) q {BFlduo) s,eqs ,o 'qol^{ou raq utlPurs )oot ol pep.dx. .qP) e s sea.qs sp seqrorrdru ro rolP ({nq)aluuvq .uoBs,rpo)rrtl suoq (o8)' V e dr e ) . q l u r rt'ruve t | r ss , r e ) r r t lr u o q ( o t ) 'sau!,o suazop -))elPUe era^ q al.q uaaq3^.I€qr- rsol (ra8) ...rqt rq -)ref riq iq p,,(3qrptes,(aqr- lsot (l€4 PUee$A P € .rruo pqsFutsrurpd Iu-3uDrp.ur (^pnd tq 8ullpêll oBor papDaptrnq':uDrFu (fPnls)-le Z ':uoq u.t]1 no^ aruF ro3 nolq rno.{(a sal) uaasr,ua eq I tloa re s.ssprS 'o3e 6qr saFulur ^{.t e u.qrrq -nole u!uiqr Mest-)roa le sa$etBrnoI(3Êat L 'rrqre4 ut sqa^ aqr uol pallor ro .qr puetepou rsedlrpldorddg uEqr!,$sde;.'D q.lduol ' .qMauosrsol1o3a equ?l /ap{{e@ 3qs'qortN or p.uaddPqr,reqaMou)il,uoPan 9 . suollrnllsuliqr ol uolusrlP arour PtPd. etl$nu I a eL!Hnolls3/\^-ssaurPur.r,.ar;puo \ oN 5 ',(etsot utq p.)loj euooN or pilu€a .q aulr,(up esnort3qr lalarzqrqEu /a ert noDpl ea v 'no^rol €ru3t$dx. lnj.l^Pu€ @eqaêq$nu /rgolPerrl Toqs 3lq!ll3re se,{lsr\aua$ tule€q arnsuril E '3utr uo uo[Ersaqr 01F orgsnr Luppo) 'ped aql uo rujerl ,(uP^lPrPqse/t\araql z t ol e eL!ruplp eM os 'p3ruEM luoq lPqt I Fuoqd P.P!ôrd I Isetuot splno {prs otpe{/prro, |'ra8eu.alPseaIu3ql lepour $eo p.!o, .r.tl.sooql I z r)trf,vudI '{al,alqe&u ateataq- ue^peu!papoqa eqotr46noaA4 'atd!)rred + anpqo r/rnos! otrqfno,o $ed aql rspd (1 PtPno,(lnq 'Paplpoo8Plusea s!q1=) ipq.alun laaPaqtlal a eql,uPlnoqsno^ (r!oPr,llPtPnof rnq 'Paplpoo8e seMs!$ =) 'inotua na[ a]olaqtoopaqlpapol aêq Plnoqsna{ 'aldDlledrsed+ a p./ptroqsstplnoqsjoi!ro, rsed3q1 aêqolrqdt oPueaêqnnoqs =) (piu3dd?qslql rpql €lqtssodutsueesI ',(tlE]r3ol ,aPPele tnoqtw\tPM?€tfi)aôP.qulP a eqLuet âqt (p3|l3ddeq slqrl€ql aNlssods!r!'Iller!8o]=) 'ôPulMaq] q6ndql u!F6 aÊtl PD,o/tq6lu/[eu '{aql (p€ueddeq srqrleql urerar suri.s I ,!p)3ol=) 'pauaddetl peqyqApteaqnaIuaqfpauo uaeqêr!$nu na| .siql ,(rrrrqpqord slepor sqr sruatplnba$ed iqr re stepour ro lo e etl$nw'a eq (lou) 1q6w 'eêq (tou) feu'eêq (tou) pqo,'a et4t,ue) iauaaaaspalM o eqppot na{ lAapuâqlla a ! ôrtri o1noflapdqs se^, 'r,uPtP rnq'u6ddeqol tu!qi.uos I rr €tqtssod sP^ r! uaq^rpasns!aneqP,,or turollsed 3q.L' 'urol3^!re8auaql ul ut p:sn .q uer o, aJqel{rsP,l4 Puer,upt,o, (uotseDorqnrtued e uo st$ ptpflenDeiq =) 'p.!n[u! têD ol arqese^/or padeueu aq \peq se^ aq q6not]|lv 'uolserrorlJp3dse uo plp^llnlssarrns no,{lertA lnoqe )flpr or p.sn de or atqe te^ pre 01pabeueN . (uotse))orElnrFed,{ueuo rou '^roaqrut=) 'PaNe$a^ )aêu.rl^06pueauo) ppD./A )Ut)adsrou 's.qlllqelerauaS uoqP tler or P.sn^luo I p,not . 'or pr6€u.4 s.utl3uos ro 'o?8,gPre,4ro PPD st t]er lo $ed 3qI PIN03 'u1oJlune)Pe^ o1.êtt ruPlPlol peq I loaq)t ]e se^ t uaq\\ 'o1aêq sl e^lP8au l,uPlP sossaJdx3 3ql pueorpeqs!Llliojrsed.qr 'uo|l?Bllqo rsr@u3q/\^ lqr ol Bulpro))e suro, rsPdlu.r.rrlP €êq $uFuros qePoN slePou lsed .PUoa aqr '1lal sv I auo fluo s! ar.qr u! arnreaDFarPraql3q I 'IEMe suos I uiaqljo sarFurolq !! ateui, e ll.us suPUnq paqrld-q8lqqeu f.ql 9 ^q pr€aqaq-qrlqaspunos 'pll^t aqr ulrnre€D - no^ stqlrE.urnofJt{]MolsleMp l]eq ro lltrsêrs dunlor rte aqtutsirl.u ost rnoqP sarl slqe.qplno^{.lltirnrPir)slqlseqBtqsedunf 'uoostruru. puesleurlup puelF.rers,puoM 3qrlo auoq rl 3q'uroq8u!.q enoqu!qr!/iilP ,o .)pu faql z ,(atDisno.q $^!l ]]oqsraqr ,o rsour.r.11 'q/uq rl I ooLFô re ulr fUêu re3!1 .srollol PueFleluld qlour satJ qepaqr rPaq rsq 1{Untssod.uo uEqr ou.q {p!u !qr) 9a tppoue qrlr,rsde3.qr.retduot uaql r\otaquolleurroru!.'$or xoqaql u!qeurlue.qlqtlEN z 2 compt€te the gapswith €xtreme adjectives. MYSTIRIES AND ODDITIES 1 Thegroupwereso far away,altwe couldseeweresome figuresin the fardistance. _ 2 lt wasa(n)_ momentwhenviot€ncebrokeout betweenthe policeanathe demonstrators. 3 The crowd werc reaLly_ when the fefere€sent off the hometeams captain. 4 We weresittingrightin the front row,so at timesthe noiseof the groupwas Thefilm wasso_ thai manymembeEofthe audience walkedout beforetheend. Pictures ofthe concenwereprojectedonto a vdeo screen, so everyonecoutdseeperfectiy. Themarchlastedforhoursandafterthey'dbeen walkingfor sucha longtime everyone was_. Theeveninggotoff to a grearstarrwith a _speech by the prin.ipalthe whoteaudience waslaughing. Therewerehugequeuesatthefoodstalli,so by rhe time we got to the frontwe wereabsolutely . 1 0 All herguestsagreedthat Lucinda looked in her EXTREME ADIECTIVES OTHIR Memorisenew vocabulary 'l l.i*CrrcF 1 Replace the uf,derLined phraseswithaword/phraseinthe boxwith the samem€anins. a naturalphenor.enonmysteious a myth eyewitness UFO practicaljoke Doyou beLievethat story?lthink it's somethinswhicha tot ofpeoplethinkistrue but actuaLlListrtue. l d o n t t h i n ki t s s o m e t h ' nt g h a th a o o e nnsa t u E l t y a nids not strangein anvway. Thatt extraora inary.lt s reallyhardto undeBtandwhar happened. Wasthat a iqkqlhalrou dont tell buiwhereyouacruallv do something to someone. 5 she was the p€ag!_whaE\qi leppr!. 6 It looked Likea spaceshiottrcElnqlher+Laret. NNN when hemorisingn€w vocabutary, 5urprisingid€asand imagesa.emoremerno.ablethan ordinaryones,so use them to improveyourvocabulary.Readthe ideasbetow. Which do you think is most effective? 1 Whenyou arelearningnewwordsor phrases, fom a su?risingmentalpicture to helpyou.ForexampLe, to rememberthe phraseprb licity stunt, inaqine a megaphone (a symbolofpublicity)jumpingacros a iver on a motorbike(asymbolofastunt). 2 Recordnewwordsin a vocabulary notebook. Lookar it rcgutarlyandmakenewsent€nces inyour mindusingthe 3 f,1ake ridiculous fiymes with wordsor phEsesthat you aretryingto lea.n.(Youmight€ventry to setthemto Thisisyou fnst exquisitevisit,isit? coonline andgo to a searchengine. Typein a wordthat you aretryingto remember andseewharimagescome up.Choosethemostmemorable image,print it out and writethe wordon the page. Wite newwordson Post-itnotesandsrickthemto your fridge,bedroomdoor,€tc. Personatise wordsthaiyouwantto remember. Usethem lo saysomethingaboutyouEelf. 'festyoutself. Research showsthat testingis an effective way of rememberingnew information, andthe harderthe test,the bettefyou wiLlremember. .sdnor, r3'!o -d uer.lrJ3n€q ]u3 €d g8 pauro!3d &aqc o1 -" pr{ofip r€dq p"q oL r dno 'd"" a o&o ". .s^lsal ,uorlE4uaruor s?d araql nouaru Lri lnq Jo surral -,r u sdnof aorqt ll.a4aq !.ua€J}lp ou s€d eraqJ ' I ? P r \ a ! r r o up r pp r r r r r r -fl.$l$dl{.o,pJl rdrdrd ,.rtuopuocas-zr rurnS6aqJ ot psaolle ara,\r dnoiS 'sJrl - ,r ljw'.er.ud iLoJ oUe&ou€u rdq.l .d or parflsap s1s3lJo Gqurnu -0r FruroFscr {rsra run -o euq u n q d o \ r p s r s d . r r l l o . J o o n o r t { D n . c rro. .ulBrrl -r -, r4 uea]r\o Jo uopJnpoJd -! i.Illrr p31.3uuor aq n?u )iual puE flrlraql ,crouau -, u33,{}aq $ areq} sunep naloq:rs .,r3rpLy {qI 1"{r -, -z :um3 8ur\aqr ruo{ { dpnls Jo ro'lnE ryauaq ^tFrqJ€ uEr stdGd 1€ql pspo ar s?1{{pnF -L d3u lnq !r u€q 01p3 1 sxEq! aÊq sraqr?qt lunE EulnaaqC 'aqrIo uele qtM rx.t sql.ratduol : i:iiLr lLi:i .ir trrir; I r:rir r:t_l 'aill osi ai ,Sutptrnq aqlrnoqe Suuutql.j€.^ ltlaâMol.l i r : i . : : r : r . i . r j rI r t . l lol ll.sn aa.sodrnd t e u r o ua q l p u e , r o l r n l t l s u r a q l r n oBque ) u r q ra r e . a u a q ^ .lrEe ou .sn sM ")la ,prrtlt fitsral,lun,uaslda\t sclo( \t\t tetldtoq,tphqr 'hlea lun 'u6td looqrs :suo$nlrlsul (uo1uo).q1Iq u.p aur[e =) ]..i.r. jJdu!,1.1 |,r:.,.. F u ( e ! os r q r r o l e . u oe q 1 = ) . ! j i i i r , , l I : , i , , , i ( u . r u o )a q 1 , (Pq3 U U a . pu p e = ) n i , , ) , " . , : i . : , r " ! i i , r r . r . r". . { . L os r q rd r o , a q. L o e . l r- ) .3urLre3uto oBu€qr e stotql mq aqrlnoqrtmroqlt/,^pasneq !pr $^tttlpe.saqr ,:.;li :r Lir:r.n:rrr,rrxtr..r,:isa^4r.fpea llelladnsq+$rvr. .l (.uo.!ros ar.$=) ,r.',;!r ii,i; ,::rrrr,r.\ 'aqt.sn a M , u o e . d a u o o r ) r J r ) a dssr q o i eJ r l n € h r ) d r l r . e , ( L e r d r Po r . . I = J . 'ueleasnse qorrEtnrtl]Ed € Sulopotdo.dfLreu.r e arawll su€lqo.jd asnsr uauo lErll sEajv z L I riirty* I rr,rfi., iri).:rr.,:rLri ji( r , 1 r , , . . r ,: r ! r. :.,.,.\ri . 1 i . . : r , : rr: ,: r , . f r : , i L r .r, r r i .\r:rlr| r i L r c ' : 1 1 r ' r ! : ri t i r t ! ! l l r u , r lr r i : r . j r . r J i r l r i l , J i i r :r ir,:,r!initi atJt]qpl sleuer pre 5e35ee^! isaSuEruterlnow . I . r . r 1 ir r r . . ! , . . . r , r ; ; ! 1 . 3 1 ) t r € u e3 ) e r l o u o p $ t e l p u e s u r e n o u r e t n ) t r e d l o $ u e u a q l , ::: J iirl i |::|i.ri'ir llri,| ::ij )rtt aqt i)el t.r rt,,r rfitl iijjt( sr!msnur pue raD.IeS i5l31oqspur.up ,sa4p.q1to saueu .ql , j:iir i 11:,.i ,iirri!LLif ' r j . r l j : r r i : r t t r ! . ! , r i: . q 1 u e u e . l p l lou op querneF.r pue sdoqs3a8puq qrEd 5l3orrs,speor 15ol/.l i r : f : i i t . r l r r i L : r r i iI j r : r jn ! ] , r , : i i j r f : i \ , i . r : i I L . iur r : r r i : l n € , . 1 : :r i : ;r r .r r , t l l r r i r ; r r rt i . r . i r r i r '3Prue u E 3 s n 1 0 uo p . a , u o r S a r e r n o q e ) t e 1 a ^ \ t l i,:ii |l],rrr :11r:r:;f arjr \r r J!l Jt,r|, .rr;.r! :|tr r;r:lr.iiri|rr:r: j i\,:i:suorldarxl i.r-,r.i , :i': r !l ,i lii Jii r,t fir. i 'at)rtrp ue r)etpu op sar1|rpup ruMor sarutôrd 5a1P$ tpueFltlL.uouo) r.uluio) riaueld lsou lo saueu aql : i ( l r . r J r r . ; J Jr r r j . i . , : a p t u eo u r o i a i l ro ) e r u e r s u o s e . s . i 1 f ; : i ' r i r r ! I rr i I I s ^ e p l s q r u o u 1.'.fri.l:ri:ni tiffr r, rsuoseavsreaf . 'aPttre ou o)er s.serqc aLrltlraqlo . i r , : . r r j i i i i r , r ' j i l . : i l : r i t t: s . l r n u . r / s a p e r a p ( J l r r r i r ] , r r ! . . , r i , r ,r : r n q ) .,., .i.. -1,. , . ' , , i , r , i , i , . Li r, . ii i , i r ! , , j r r i r . i i , , ! r i ^ e p . q l slleo . t o L rLi. |Lli ir! ir):ril riili.r :ji:j:r t| lt.jrl :rrjr,r i$lep . 5 L rL r r : i J l i r , r ! , lr: ir. iir,irr! ,ri,Lil '3urôltoloqi .fI apnpur a$ql enphrpu asaqr ureal ollsoq srl sat)UreuoqllMpupqr$ s.s€jqdpoxjJ.{ueur arearaql ,.j,rrLr,i|.(Euorpis o.s) suorta)xa r(Lreuer€.raqrriq breld ro stdoodto s.Lleueqr qr$ . i t . i i i r i r : r r r r i f l i s u n o u o l q pn o r u nr o l p r n l d3 u s n : l e r a u au3r s 8 u r q l l n o q{ e € r a M u a q â p t r r eu €a s nr o uo p . / r;irr.Lrrllir,rtj I ri. illiifr;f 'rtsMo ot WtqMaserqdeql,{q p.uu.p sl 'jt'r'r i: ! r,,n :ii:i n{.\ rif r j.rirt ii jrli-: rrrri r ; r r.,,,r.jrl 'iro].q p3uoruaur u€q seq (aserstrtlut ,aulSua auo f l u o s . r e q r= ) i j j i r : i i i r i i r ! i , i r . \ r , ; t , . : ) f , . \ , + . , . , . . , . , 1 . r 1 (auo^juo sraraqr=) iri, ir, :;,1rij, 1rtr,r j rrj,i.r) '(ualuor tpw ut .nb !n ro) .nbrunsr . :uosadro 3urq1aqrasneraq q)rq^\ Mou) oai uelm dqr.sn.r ,auo sal)!!P a uuao :t1:r:ii' Jrj !r;trr.jr,\ r L , . t r : r , a r o J i q p 0 u o l l u a ! u a o q r o us e q '|f irrj r,ririf{r lfrrl ..nblun lou sl (slstue { u € u o r e . r a q r= ) , ! r i I L r e ! . , r ' , ( ! e ur o . u o s l :8urqlaLtlasnpraq,ouo q. q/{ aoDjl,uop oM,u.qM,s/e asni,. 'aqra)els.r€rqc.ult auos selnrrtsE€ I s€l)! e ro tsn-uouPueosn .ur!tjo s.serqd q.t,{aprr" PUP asn ro "r'rr"O "rn-uoii".]! E 2 Completethe text with a/an,fre ornoarticle (6). The UK's haxdest working man? '_ hadestwo*ing Irm jn ,_ UK has decided to take life I little easier Jmes Mcsponm has retired s a- only police oftce. on s_ Liny lslmd of Gighain 6- north'west ScotLuid. However.he will continue to sere Gigha's200 inlubitants in r_ ftmber of oLher roles, for he is also 3 onk posLmEn,,_ ambulance man, r0_ shopkeeperand 'r_ taxi driver for r'?- islad. ipoljce job wasnt denulrding, he told ta-TiiDiEs. ls,people on the island are ar either 16 relaties or ,friends, so 13 crime is u*nomrl 3 Adda or tne to the sentences below wherenecessary. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 My brotherworksast€vel represeitative in Canada. President of USAhasresigned! Sahara is largestdesertin Afdca. Hewaslastpe6onto seevictimalive. l'ltseeyounextweek. Weatheris betterin southofcountry. | livenearhospital. He'llbeherein monring. Canlhavetwo ticketsfor 9 p.m.film? My dreamls to retireto tropicalistandsomewhere. Different ways of giving emphasis 1 Intensifiers Abetut 9, conptetety,reaA to We usethesewordsto add€mphasis to adjectives. rJrf,i,.f, i{.i. ii irsil(rt?t x/ilri;ri AbsaLutely a.d.anpleteLyareusuallyusedonly with ungGdabte (forexample adj€ctives /arfasflc,.trtl, etc.)whichaheady describe ai extremeorabsolutequality. i,.11.i./ .. .. /..ci {NOT.}*r*€1J.9€€dl lr! r,x i! ri /i.r/ D,rtlr.'r,rr.r r,,J ftrrDi.rel/iyirl. (Nor espl€&'j€d) far is usedfor emphasis with too + adje.tiveot too muchlnany+ ri i.i:n r0.,rirr.li r/arlrh We alsouse/ar with comparative adjectives. )/or'r .rii I r;r]d' rrrii / d ,r),|lal.rd 2 So and such 50 is usedbeforeadjecrives to intensifythem. nr,r?,i,r rn iL{ir/l s,c, is usedbefo€ an adjective+ noun. It.'? rr.i!riaind, l,-'.LnrirlL?r.!xr,1 A/4, areusedafterruch.ir rtir((iJ r ii r.tirrrli)'l Noticethat with muchlmary r/f !. iiiLrri''nrl!q.li rrii 3 Useof auxiliaryverbs WeoftenaddanauxiLiary verbin theposiuv€ for emphasis. l.r!i trllo d.eJ nr.;i.rr,.r i.rrqri. We also use auxiliaryverbs in the positiveto emphasisea contlast. doriN:rir, r/ri.flir;.r ijIiiI.{iori.itirnr Adniig.eally beforethe auxitiaryalso adds emphasis. I rc.ilv do ;rroio.l. l.r'llr!t /irif r)!,i..1. 4 Cleft sentences Theusualwordorderfora sentence in EnglGh G subject+ verb+ o b j e c+t ( a n v e r b ipahl l a s e1) .i ; r . - J o ,rrp r r . i l l N n i . i l l i , i ) , i , i i . i r i r However,if we wantto emphasisethatwe likehGsenseof humour(rnorethananlthingelseabouthim),we canusea cLeft sertencethatbeginswjth a wharclauseandtheverbbe. ll tr r Jti,!enturr arbo,iijo') isr:.r , r.I t. .,'ltrr., r. Similarty, if we wantto emphasise a pafticutarperson(morethan anyoneels€J, we usea cteftsentence withir+re + n o. l.iir N1N rtriidr.i 1'lcj:,r/lrr, ri!rit 5nltsrr wfoJr.rJr nrst ofirii Ita pronounis used,the objectpronounis moreusualthanthe subjectpronoun, rhoughsomeconsider thG incorrect riirJ,i,! | r.i.'r,rd',. 5 Emphatic questions nfomaLly,we canusethephraseo, ea.t,?aftera wr- question wordto emphasise surp.is€,annoyance, or the fact that we do not knowthe answertoa questioi. j , fi r ' r .o v p 1 , f . / r r d i l l i ! r D d c d n ! a r l l r r r i ! , r r r ! b r . t r r l I PRACTICE2 l Choosethe corect word5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thatry programme wasabsolutely/ conpleteIy / so funny. Believe-rle,| rea(y / did | ,ave try to phoneyou. That/ What/ WhichI likedaboutrhe film wasthe acting He|ft|What smy sanwhobtheexperton computers. Whatat I in / on eadhdo you meanby askingme that? joumeythat we lI wasso I su.h / veryan uncomfortabLe couldntsteepat atl. 7 Your new girlfriend k .ornpletely I really I absolutely nice. I lt s lat / tu / su.h r,]'orcdifficultthanyo! thinkto gei a goodjob thesedays. 9 That new exhibition is yery | such/ absolutely )nctedi6le. 10 Ldolsoltarbelieveyou.Youdon't havetorcpeatyouuetl 2 CompLetetheconversation, addingemphasis to B'sreplies. B: f.4etoo. What Like_ is livingoutdoors. Yes,it's _too expensive for us. Why didyou buythat painting? Yo!te not interestedin what l'm saying. B : l_ wantto knowabouiyourday,blt Ine€dio wo*. lhate waitingfor buses. B: 6 A: Jorgethrewa rock.t Pedroroday B: What i€rnrn, aqr u!&1no^ry8lu s^PAqrtqm z qr|3ul ur]lPl PUes.leussePql/t\ dn F.u qstl3ululsauet r.rduor ^Pld atdo.dSuqeodsqstlSulqrM spu.lJ sreul suole$ olperqslFuj ol uolsll {urp.$ara l qsftur peEr arenoflPql Fafqnse €sooqr)soulz€3eur qq8ul u!stuosol u31s!l (sraP€a!ulnBu.d € a ' p . p p r t r o l r o J t e u t 8 l o o q r u tq s l l 3 uut t q o o q p P a r ulsult} qreM . {s.tuqns }noq1$jo qlM) qsLlSut a$âu ro {lguolserro '^[u.nb.r] op nor(op qnqr 'uoorsspPaql oplslno qslfut qr!^{ a8e3ueub no,( teqr Mopq tr(EA ir.ll P€al I (z) uoorssePaql ap;slnoqs11tu] rc.>e q lPas,(t!ro rno 143 e 'rnotêq3q sLqlro, PuPrs1,uoat'ralno.q PUPuMoPrls t u r s a ^ . ! r a qq ]o urro,rroqsaql1 e 'iatq$od se uoosse,ro]sPueFdvsv € ,Ceuo|l:tpe u!! puu q e D.dsar no^3uoauos Ise 'Surueau.qr Moul l,uop no^ z 'dn tr I loot 3n4lou srrPlqa,toF € Plol q luaun8rPuPr.qe urE8esPustr]aLrrorq e -dnepeu r,ueêq o,^^!.q ol3ut)tei 1ouu,r L ltrls 'ppq u! sqra^ leserqdaq1ro, ?urue€ul)€rrct aqr .sootl) I iiriivuil 'qolaqlroJ3llElEIFEE-ubFEirpoparo-.qrlo8a,t5 'ouorsetûru€qrr.lru-lo_suralu!r4t.q-slqolslql t 'nafriirftud*-sii6iElllqa-!1aêq ol nol € Paau ZO)E otIsEaTG-lE ji seFsrno^ aqu)s.pno^plno,l z ir.quoqe luo,anqt! {.lqddo 3FA nor Co-!'5qFF?FdqMrr--ad.qr or )ler s,Ft L BuioBro alPplpuPrqofqtqsl| poo8 predrarloq suorrerDl€nb 1q3f aoqeqr uoi, spro/!\qr!/$s.suqd p.ultispun .qr .)Etdar t 'rLqrl^ 5,aFqL !uora Surqrou/turtlto@os t.u,(q1L]3uNs,1eql ,NOJ, _ o q rr , l s e ^ : g z n o l o l o B u e 4 s ) o o l s r q l s o o c : v9 'oN r€ ua)orqs,rt :v 5 _ 8uiL]rou t,i$qt r,usl]t " aq ,t iroMr,uoc :€ 2BuloB no,(arEraqt :v t '_ r,;u!'lt^l. utede qrnss,lt 'qo :€ l 'lasdnno^ are^ql :v € _ltp s,leql :g reuu rot ezzldiq8noq| :v z tp '.iri,r,ri' _'sa^ras1eql i€ '.srorjlPqluo fauour lol ersoll :v L lo '6!0rrl ro rq6! Ltra asei{d e BuEn ^tdar aqr.letduo) € 'uoF$r33Plo u31s Pse I ater raql -ra .N 5 €op tutu€ uEq!a'uaql3âlqreor prP'l )roM u3q1plP or stlnlssarrnsaq 01êM193qaql '-1e saoul3t1s B e-olMoq 'Suqlel uaq/'A a'uoor 3q1uls.uro,srls sdoF auo^r. -rno^ 'pnoi.q puet!1s uer nol lln€j rno.{t,useart mq qofrno.(15otno^ Motr)il J{op ulP. or tu pue 'uorlet$sardrno^ rrelsnoôlra€ !lHlo 'rq8, nor $das rPql 'Mourq8u'aFq lq?N punoiêaBuo .qr s,ll . tlr oqPqootll )rp! rq8u.q ,l 'BuorMauol s,8uqr&.^l ONV.lft'rU Hrlrl SISVXHd tutrq8ltq3rq S:IION 'NDVI s/r\ll^xlrNl sol ur. atFqno^ teqa Dt dn puersor (PMoD.ql uo4J mo puErsor P.Pl uel rcj PU€rs01 .uoauos qtnorqr3.s o1 rno ssedo1 !n BuqFUos.leu 01 auoauosor dn loot 01 s€tl^ lvswHd 3ruulu.ueqeuor qll! pE.qhof ploqor ^ a] E Frrou13Sol qeo8 aruerlua parlrou sqparqdaop qBrqpEaq € 0tarno{ot uoEu.}e poue o} dvsv a)el tas ra8 rno,(ptoi{ atEur uEstPur Y suûoDe O]'IION laasue €ntssod auo ulqr 3lolu .q ,(pu aj€'.tr '€ tlor} unou puevuorlqliê qr!^ aot.q sa)uaru€saqr .r.Fuol z DNIIL]9 Thev€rbark is mostcommonlyus€dto reportquestions, but wondet andwant to know ate sometim€sused,too. Question wordsareusedasconjunctionsto iniroducereportedquestions. ilr.rr.1|.c ii/Led(1,-,r.1 'rrlrrc ri: /ridbe.rn. il,q sBn&dro iror4 r./,it' tinteti iat!;raied h.nt! Withyeilro questions t or whet e/ areused. ,r r ^4 rdricd if v/!{Jfter)n | \tart.!l .t c.t ( n\1Nnp :tn4il Reportingpeople'sexactwords l Changeoftense Whenwereportwhatsomeone said,theve|bfoms generally moveonetenseintoth€past, /lfinn/c tlriii llrri I drrr.lotr0;: ti!ht \ljeitd.'lwill.at1ln.tc 5r-" J.id . hdJi.nd./r/'a, L/irir/i{i rv doing wasrirrt, ird lnat Pa'impre( dd) ..P :*l',llpll ry",t Presentcontinuous(/ rn doing Past contiauous(t w8 doind -::4, ?ese.r perfectl/hrvedore) Pa$ perfectf/haddom) ) : ,....:::::i.::::.:::::.:::.::.1::.:.:::.::::1.i...::::.:.--t:::.::.-,,,:.I:..::,: , Pasrpedectfrrr,addo,e) Pastco.t'lLoJs l/wasdolrg) Pastpedectco.tinuous , : : 4 Otherchanges in reportedspeech , ) i............................ .. : (!h .d.!.":.!.d:!!9... ............ ..........: . :.ll:h"8"e9::jl!:...... i...13:l.eif-i.t-(1ridd9t"l . isgoingta , musl , ro chaneeposslble : , wautd .' In both cases,thatcan be omitted. ! Pasts mplef/did) pe{ecl .on -inuous . Pasr ( th a db e e nd o i n s ) ' will REMEMBER! say does not take a direct object,but fell atwaysdoes. ii. ra irri?il/l:ll l. ',!r! ib.!i riir.. (r.,ii. NOT/i.i€sfr. /LtilJ,r. d !e rer rrirr.t-".t/!.ii. tt.: tnld)ne ltl at)tc ttn( irt!".r!d,r Ni!. ! i:i..i,. ..... vasooirgrc . Whenw€ reportwhatsomeonesaid,we needto showany chang€s inthesituation(e.9.a changein speakertimeor place) ydo rl.af lir.r,:arlaiel., t..rar. Diredspeech:/ r1/i.rlp Reported speech the nextday: ' ' 'lyD,) r.l!t,'nF. yrr\da./ . Herearesometyp'calchanges of time phGs€sin repo.ted speech. Noticethatth€ydo not happenautomaticallyit depends on the situation. hadta ThePastcontinuous fiequentlydoesnotchangein reportedspeech. REMEMBER! . Thechange oftenseoftenhappens because wharthepe6onsald rij riir./rrrrrJn ir.,tr?rld i,rd !t r,l,o.,ir/.,lrr i.r! irf'tJ!rf.Jr,'!1. ' f whatthe pe6or saysisstitltruereteva.tnow we oftendon't change tenses.l li te i.rel?/rru D.fr..l. ir,rt;.irjn,.1lb.iir.. (= the rieetingisstitlin the future) ' t is po$ibleto change but it is oftendoneln tensesin suchcases, moe formalconte*ls. 'irrn;,/!a!rr"a,rarrtrJ frJLl..pl'ttnrity ixe nt.ri.t 3at'i he , tiri:t.tr :.ii th.! L.i 4.t| .dtc.wt Na3a hr,i.ti. .t,r.:tt rrii'i (probably in a fewspaperoronthe news) . lf the reponingvedis ir the prcsentt€nse,there is no change. I.ltnr)sityttrnnitthr ilu ".] t.httlii 2 Reported qu€stions Because reportedquestions areiot €aLquestions, the wordorder isthe sameasin statements. Wi{lytr tiriiBta ii(tiL iirtst:r.c! ilaj,arrrtnit ):i€'J rre i'rr'n;t; rt ;J(.r/ il rDrjylvorl<l:.tt i nt nt fi,lht tt . ..!.. 3 Some common reportingverbs and the constructions used after them . say:/l(:Jfnrlt,ir, /".,r ei.iriig ,s r,!r t.t) . t€t[ rlfi././rre irnd) nii f/.j.rt1],irn r,rrcf/Jil . . . . " -1 . . 1 . . . . . J . reply:tlrc /ql]lr,trlrlrr rr, rt.n a. t.t .tir .i n titrirl(l , add.:hr atit'lln1at ifr. tuîi.{ti il,ilil14 !r/r/r.r.rri. '...:::. .......... that day/Iastruesday,et . the daybefare/thepreviousday the ne\t day/thefouowing day theyear beforclthe prcviousyeal the nonth beforelthefoUawingnonth I anhaurbefatelan houtearter . Howeverwe oftenomit the time reference if it is not important. ly..tr airh!! tr x:la4th,. t,'l).. itrktvcrir! 'I l tc.nn. ) 1..t :îi ihzt r:htt\|.rc '.nI'rk)h r:p.n lltu NertieL I PRACTICE1 1 Corect the underlinedmistakes. I ThejournaList lqkl the primeminister!tL!sk!e!! anything 2 rhe ministersaldjournalists tas!yearhe!sil!resignif his poticyi5 notsuccessful, but he is stitlin hisjob. 3 Ihe manager tqkl that histeamhaddonethen bestye$r4by but jl the othersidehadsimptyptayedbetter. 4 Journalists 4kEl the ministerwhenwillhe makehisdecision. 5 rhe president saidhej5 speaking to otherleadeutater!h!! dayto discuss how they wtillreact. l (ûap)aroJ.qi?€rreu rno ! suorqordou peq3/14I (asnl., uorrp8[saûr eql uoqp )]e1r,!oa.r 9 (urpr')rtqr uoqe 6turejrfo{ Ial u.^. 1,uFnu no^ I (asturord)flLtFnororfisou]].epur aq1!1e3r$.ûrL./r t (isrSotode] )..Mraqlo.qrêae F):r1 aqraorttl | ^rrosuit € (1s.ffins)zo.pt^p qr1eMpueui rttru Frnb e aêqaMleqs z : i , r i i ! i i ti , i r l ( p u ! u a , a ^ o l ' . . € t da l p te u t F ) r t 1 a q 1 $ do l r e q u a u r a t L 'slqrerq u! sqr.^ BuEodar .ql BuFnu€qr €l!r^\au PtPs aêqxqtrurr9o$ .q1 ! | sr.rrueq, eqlsalonb auos €r€.raH . . i r ri r i r , r r . ,.. , r: ,, i r r i . I l| !,i., . , .l 'Pasn.qosleuPrs3 1urt! PUesPu .3 3^DP3aN iu3aw:Wtt lue^'putaal raPta rye ttai este) i : i , lr r , , r i , r , t : r t l u / e^!l!u!ru!+ pafqo + qra^ I 'aat6e:one) luateang esladd tallo pueuap'appap 'L! Lrrlrr.rlri:l , " r ,IIaq atull e olu sa4l Jno piulnl srad?dsdau aqt p € lotaur€C 'uaqt uaaaqog ndd?q slll]b aG6 a4 ipau€dd?q sql aropa. :aiilsaJq ;r.l?.uo]Il]1u -0. $uletq x">l" Jo sadoqr3'{1 (asr?rFlpau aqt 'aurEj prolq?l 'parro Jo tp odnoJ all't talq sJta-{ oiql, ils€l J3uq € ldarra 3ttllt 1o3slloJ ar0 'pua aql uI '$snuord 3s]"J,{ue per{ (i)lEtu) d panFp laâaoq'sprrsJo para$ns -* Iaql ssa.qs ar{} raô iu?ftuor al]l (ans) Flmu p3uar1rai1pua\a -{.qJ ,.mrrol, qSnorql uaql SugFd pm -rL sadoq l13ql Susl"l xq lsa^rr.'raU$mJ/11oi3Mc) pasnit€ qll8ue eldno? .qJ s3ll'r laql (.rlrolloJox a^?q 'tuar4uodd"slp r{rnlu os ,{aqt) 1nq ,Lpslstsul -,r pesfolodE l?tJl.]]olopu€l) erdnoJ a'! (asruJ) 3 ruo.q"luo4uoc ,fi3u8 uR uI r1J cu-t {€p uci (ft3ddu -iL palurr sstu€duioJr1J l!le^3s Fldnor arll) r|{3!4ra1u]?r6npxa L'?roJ urnlar u Flor{ r€ls-.û ! ur -,, paraJJoprorqet € ral"rpauur! dn s$ql aql (]nd) . p'ni rp r'!]i?n apr.dsap ? ',!'epllau aqJ t?U-{up 4aq1 (3r?3I -or -rr p.ropro nlx rsnomd (lno.{€E Au+r) SuFluar alaA roFur"C s,{ep08 qn{ru pa[odar 3q rsnu sra{Ji] rsol l"rtl p3le}s qrnj.d s.Itu aw ($arq t{eq}s1loJ) 6xal]] l€qt uoi0 llarl ot Furnlsl eq 'raFl qaaa xis Buu3dd?LLse{ ]€qa Foq? sDd€ds43u -s pauea pu? isnor{ 1,\€ (uror,r,nou/ardno? aw) rsqt ol suer ro1€311s3ûr ,{r3!1ot€ ,{?p llau 3qJ 'roq}Ir! palelus;.\ln aq pno,! 1r1"r{} pu€ iaumuiS seA urt€I. riaw xqnop ou (a^€u -1flal 01{]?q 8u?r uoos pup 'D]l€u /aqys]loJ, aqr) aq1 (31?3tsaûr.) ! piar8€ sl'DsJo parcdd€'l pflI 's€srLE8ro &a!ot 3q1qla r€qa rEld:a pue lopuDc -! pap?n .d I?x (qrnor Lala8/prrEqsnuJ3q) ]3IIr€a s{3a^! p€âs {ee? sra{ct] .r{1 (aoq}) -, p.tTurp? uaql Ju4s luaa u-{!"lt.i aqumu mo sr,laqJ iuo.r aiLa/A,paueal's pw dn padunfiql I' 68 r?, Zr €-j ar!6 s€qunu 3qJ dn tr€au sEA uq?p ot rplq,!\ ui poll.d qruou-F,s .qt .snEJaq il\rlnb {Jq.I r d J d c r d r . d q p r ql d q , G L o r " L ,( u N ) '1?rt1 paur?N pr.'? rauu$ aq! 96t'n8t'i3 Jo azud ,fi311ol puorl?N ump C)ltrEJ) z puettus tsea qlou Io " ?arE4ar]11n auoauros 1",r{1pi?s u1aIIIrq s{3u ^J.rlJ, .lup?q,{aqt rlsd lsnu ?i3ql -, paFatnrs uxli"t l aoN lsrg s4.u aqt (q]1?d) pueqsnq€q lnq 'o3pr € qrl?r ot pallrBe lsnt aqs '8waâ auo rauolt to8 lloJ .{qI uartr\\ rya\ uo{ palu Blpour oqt,tq a o lp 01 ua^Fc 'sqr. .qllo urro,lr.xor .q1tuFn tuo$.'{r.ratduo) L z t)tr)vud I :at Jal a^lltutJu!+ qr€A 9 luo auaauotaPnpJbuo. tol auoauosaaetq:are) punre8 + uolltsod€rd + palqo + qra^ 5 li r'.,,, .asp) lai traho uo)slsu!hJ as!6otode :ssalror r . i r r , \ r :f, i l j r : i l : i L l r n.r. , ,r i : : , Purua8+ uo[lsod€.rd + qro^ t l7u.wwoeJ tsa66ns[uaP :osP) \ , r 1 r I I r ) L r i \ l i : ) r r , r f i rLrrf:)) ) . : : . ' . . v u p e + qrs^ € PunraB lapene ad a ntte'uJe^ :o+) l L , r r r r , r , . i r r ' r r ll u r r : 1 nr tl \ : t e r (lP{r) + l)efqo + qra^ z Q'a66n'Ies' puauaa$!' istsu!'ulelduo atep aarbe:aqe) ,f : rrrr,f r Irl.\lr:|ri(lrrrri.ir:r:rledx. lP$ + qra^ ! '1ue]]odur sl ur41€d.uo ueql lsour.ql Jo.uos are.r. H alqlssod eq ol a^PqpuP^re^ .roLU'rqraâurosqltl ^lar€red.sPoureat sqraâr.qlMolloJ1erjlsuralPdaql ProaaoâSuFod.r lnoqla ^ e s . t d o a ldp q Ma s l p u r n s r e q l s q r . ^ t oF q u n u a S r e t e . r ea r a q l {es aldoadteqr* esg.reuruns +eql sqra1 I r ,r t : | r r : ' ii:,,.,:,r i:,rir!rrril:rirrirr L i,r\ irtr!!,r\ i r , r .l , i f r ! . j \ . i , , , I r , i r , r L : , Ii r . ) | r : . i i 'ppepuerye el AetBulsnplesuosr.d q)eareqM!od.! q ' l t n e t l u r o us r s s a us l q l B u r u S t s a rt o r u a r u l o u . ^ e qI I Jo z u 8 s a0r 1 8 uo ; n o f a r v 9 'ao€fauoF pr p.ldopE$nfaÊqa,\ s stoueu FH'pltqr r11rno 'IauourSu|ssrur aqrlnoq€Mou) no^ plc t erarsturu zsnro uoql firuno) arttuni 01lsnl1no{op oqM's)tol € 'a^3|aqol preqalrnbreql Pu$I a^.lt.q olPreq alrnDreqrPuttlllasrapParrnolo lsoN z ' p l l o s l r o rs a 8 e r r e u r n o 'p.ro^rptu .3.re aa teqr snounr aql ol qln4ou sraraq.L ! lue!r!1!lode ro ^r!q.l.r e 'Flteurnolp :ao|€qsaiualussaql plpslurqr nor(op oqf pz to por.ray (men/wonen, etc.) way in a negauve/positive to controlwhat p€opt€think whydon tyou go andtalk to her? terms, B : l c a n t , W e ' r en o t o n _ Shesaidthatyou we.ehavingsomeproblems. B: Shedoesn'tknowwhatshes 6 A: lr€ailyhatepartieswhe.eldon't knowanyone. B : l . 4 et o o . l h a t em a k i n g s m a-t.l 3 Matchtheverbsin the box for lummarisingwhat p€opte sayto Phrases1-€. admit warn deny recommend agree apologiseoffer accuse VERBS THATSUMMARISE WHATPEOPLI SAY actionsspeaklouderthanwords 1 2 I 4 5 6 7 8 youtell a fri€ndthat theyshoutdtry a goodnewrestaurant you sayihai yourclassmate brokethe computer,not you yoL tellsomeoneto be care_ur be(ause-hefood s sP'cy you teltyourteach€rthat you didn'tdo your homework you s6ysorryfor something that you did you saythatsomeone is rightandyou thinkthesame you tell yourfriendyou will hetpthem movehouse you saythatyoudidn'tbreakyourfriend'spen Effective revisiontechniques to knowwhatyou aretalkinS list of 1 How do you .evisefor an Engtishexam?.Makea to speakhiShlyof someone 2 Lookatthelist of revisiontechniquesbetow.Tickthe onesyou find effective.Crossthe onesyou don't think authority to undemineParental . . I PRACTICE 1 What connectsthe wordsin eachgfoupbelow?Whatare the differe.cesbetweenthe words? 1 dramase es soapopera talentshow ; r , r1 , , : r r i r i i l r . i i rI r , i r N r . , i 2 brcadsheettabloid 3 circuLationreadeBhip a microbtoggingsocialmedia s a foreigncotrespondentan editor 2 CompLete the conversations. this weekend. 1 A: I'm SoingtocteanaLlthewindows B: Adions _than words. 2 A: I reallylikeher.she'sverysmart. B: She 3 A. ldon'iwantto offendanyone,so lshouldkeepquiet 8: No-eo on. volr mind. andwod lisisin the Readihe grammarsummaries . Study& Practice sections. Studyin shortpeiodsofabout 20 30minutes.Most tr peoplecantconceni€tefor muchlongerthanlhat. Carryyourvocabulary bookwith you andcheckit o regularly(e.9.whentravellinson a but. youBetireadingout wordsor grammar Record n frcm the book. examples ! Studywitha friendandtesieachother. Lookat similarexampapersfromlhe pastandtry io n completethem in the altowedtime. whiLeK€epyourselfengagedwiihnewtechnlques Forexample, switchfromstudyingthegrammar sayingn€wwords. tr summaries to rccordingyouu€lf l'4akea revisionplansothatyouknowwhatyouare Revise d lrflle andoftenra'.errhar lor LorSsession!. stoptryingto leamnew Asyour€xamcomesnearer, the ihingsyouhave thingsandfocuson consolidating tr n I . shows Don'i alwaysstudyinthesameplace.Research that studyingina varietyofplacesis morceffective. . Whichtechnique5do you intendto usein the future? 'rtztul! ryo r,uplp I uotntuo^ / ryoa l,usaop wa L \s!M I ol 'aurlr.ql oplqno6uIrP3araM Ie l P . P p o l / a 1 ea ^ ' f r t r n 6 r . n o q e u r P e ^ l l 3 a I 6 z.Ptstulunoraql ul .\aTrue(PIno lN^nnolh / pa?ueafPoqfj3âJlleqn I 'rEds .êat l,uplp | 6u! eatLuah / 5u! P.l],ualea$qslM| 1 -^):rN'paqol rut{ 6ulo5arel 06 no^.urrl s,ll 9 / iau qlM er.uer Xu anev/ r ettPFoM lpeq16uoI s 'Ptsrn! si agP,noA/ seraqs $qsla eu.ll )ur'lr t !L)req / no(elaa/ aq\no^ |ue t I hl\ e) tuaûroJ aqlro uouoq aqrlerutrd leussqr pearp,t € 'noi.e$e!se adttue edhptnot adtftPFo ttlst(t Z / I 'tEqeW lel aql or oBrt.rtuuaPP, 2!P\ or Naa I o5nla / oEnno | ll I 'sr€t\suPrrexot €ql3sooql € ')ror\ rol dn no^133olto auo8 lsnfseq)rot) ureternof pueO€91€ 3!ruroa êp!oN s,ll I 'lu.urluroodeluel.roourue roj a1q aq ol Sulot.re no,{pueuef rrlJe4e ul)rnrs arPno^ t 'ur€r01r]lEls1r lrtqs 1e pue:-!orlsur 3Plqnoarenol E Pue JroSuto8slurrPlErPr s,rnoqqBlouino^ no.(pueSutujoua!1uL)t)olr,oo^! s,ll z asneraqd.aF 1,uetr i i r r l , i l . r : r nr r r r . l i r r , n i 'eqreP€aq e 3êqno,(pue,(!ed^sroue rP.re nol I PPq 'suorren1F asaqru! rol qsla u8!u no^ stulqr oMl to lulq.L z aotqsla I I ldn ^rnq) zfauourazrd.qr qrn (oPno{)-no,( asoddnsI reqa uotllladuoraq1(u$) 't!e lp.uroM no/.un!r d o r tP U P r s r a Po!-nu o t t r L e( . l P u r ) 9 llslML s 1 , ! $ t 1 n q ' n o , ( r oslt q l s l P F u e(4u e t r ) - a:rryroodI Xuunr(aq)- 'rosdn os(aqlou) tutqrqoqMaql t 'Sulfou!e ^ I e e rs , 1 t - . L ! 1 1 a qe1. u ( l d n r F 1 u t p u ) llnpeue qf ?utpe (rtels)-xolv M a u e ( { n qu r r ) - t nof qt$ | € sunsill z 'allqrolou . s D , ( e de ( l a 8 ) - t } 1 . u 1 3 € t ! l t ; i f i f i r , i . ! r i : r : tl r r i i , J r r N r r l .r.L r t l i l l f ! d l ; 1 . 1 . , ; . ! r r n ) i s r i 'aaI ttl aserqdaqlrar:{ePasnoslesr1sedlesrun3q1 . rr:r1 loN ..r \j,lr:1i: irtir}r'r+l 'i)!irr! rrr) 1i-i url i" sasnPpoa1iq1]o palqns.ql uaqMplnoa + t/t/a asnrouuer./r . (slql33ueqru$ no{ =) (slqisSueqrlouuer no^ =) i r i r irf ! r ; ; \ r / i r J : i ^ r l ' a l d r ! t s l s padq r . r n 1 s n ue M s S u e q r l o^ u r q r s s oodu s ! a r . q r l l (^ oF^r3 ;ulaq a.reno{=) l'rriIilr)),,f{trrr 'arueôuue ol ss.rdx. P€snua!-ost (1,u)PpaMnaf+qqa t r!rjI !:r !riirr.lra oftr\r rj.I,1rn qrl' I (uoddEq n$ âq1)utql1,uop'ro{lnq)uaddeq013)!lplnoM nof reqls8utqlolraJ.r 010,4)Plnorl+ qslt asnorle uPra/'A . (auoa^€q1,uopa^^1nq=) ri I rr:iri irrlr rrfr(ii;' r lriili (o1'|l p,l1nq'qslu€ds )e.ds1,uPrl=) iii r.lli il!:iiirrirto)/ !r rI suorlenrF{reulBeurr.q!)$p qloq ^.q1.sneraqqrla/ pue,,l?uolr.tle1sedtesrunaqr asnoslea/t . qlt^ suo[enllsr0pu!8eurl fruol pueqsr,u z 'lr.,i F,! r ilr ir.r/.r ;ii !1rr,i 'ara.4 /,.serqd.qr ql$ uotlruro.llls sl rl l3â/ioH PauotrlsefppPUeleurol ool slqlraplsuoreioo3oauros . l . r 1 t ! , 1 i t r r r r lr r | n r i La r ! ^ r i . : i l r . l l 'uon3dprtqlpuElsru aq1'llra r//aqslaq ulerrarul asnuer a^ 'lsedi€arunaql qll^\ sasPrqd : rr , , )r i r - ! F i , r l t o r i rtlLM'.4 'sqra^ asnu.l}o.Masnep ral1oro lepoLr.r Pl,oM uL,rrralEP.snualo ureu 3q1ut 3ôqesesarualuaslEuoqrPuor srlsedlFrun oql lear!n,sLllPaller$uD.uros sl slql ::i,ji!o iri;ft.rir d1d(trri+rr.r5un r,ll - L Jtrr:11irl!rJ r1 "Fed ,i,r.r, r i r . l 1 , r |t l r i t t ' r : r ) t r ^ t r r . - i , r r 1 1 l r i r , i . r t l 'lsedaqrorut3sLral auo)req oB3a 'arn$y ssord trleutSeul.]ote.llaqlodlqrnoqe3uflPr@q,r aql ! | s!o9pn1ts suoltPn]ls letlrsqrod{Hr /l qr!,,r'\ u! sqraâqr p !!ro, 1r.!o) .Llr qrla s€ruau.s .qr .l€ldluof, L luassrdaql u! suollenllslerlleqlodrh I t ll|lf,vud 4 l €te fartoo muchlunch6ndl feelrealtysick. 5 | failedmy examsbecause I didn'tdo anywork. 6 | wentcountrydancingandbrokemy legl Hypotheticalsituationsin the past . when w€ talk hypothetjcatly aboutthe pastwith /, y'ort and / w5h,the Pastsimplebecomes the Pastperfect. IJarl! / t ||ishthad thoughtabatt i n1at..arefulltl ( = b u tl d i d n ' t ) tfto!'d lold tnerb.utthe ptobleneailiet,twautdhave.tan€ sancthntg.haut ir (= butyou didn'ttell me aboutit) . In conditionalsentenc€s, if the mainclauseabo refeutothe past,lvorldhave+ pastparticipleis used. lf .u.b-"n pla!-4hadntgotinjtE.l u,ewouldhavewar REMEMBER! Aswith presenthypotheticalsiruatla$, night haveandcoutdhave areoftenusedinsteadofworldrave. ti h. hatlnt beehiijltel v tnight/.ouldhaver.i. . Noticethat in th€ sentences above,boththe rtctauseand to havea the mainclauseref€rto the past.lt is alsopossibte sentenc€ wherethe y'clauserefe6to the pastandthe main ]f weli setoff eatli€r lpast),r/e dbe,t t/reloiel iDr (preseni) Altenativety,th€y'claus€may refertothe present,andth€ mainclalseto the past. he'vou/d,'t ,avegot I Dans fat:tre.wasnt ttlebars(present), Matchsentencebeginnings1-10 with sentenceendingsa-j. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wewouldn'tbe late lgorwouldhavebeenembaiiassed if Youcouldhavefinishedyourdissertation by now LfPeterhadwo*ed hardec Lfyoud cometo the play, lfyou d askedClara, lf you hadn'tbeenweariig a seatbelt, lf Kevinhadspentmoretime plactising, 5tevemighthavegot prcmoted a ifyou werent so Lazyl b if suehadnt takenso muchtime gettingrcady. he couldhavecaughtthe train. d he'dheardyou saythat. if he weremoretatented. f you mighthaveenjoyedyourseLf. t he couldbein a muchbetterjobnow you woutdhavehurt yourself. i l'm suresh€wouldhavehetpedyou. j hecolrldhavebecom€a professional pianist. 4 choosethe correctanswers. I wishwe d bought / would l,ave6or9lrt betier tickets. I cant seevery welt from here. Howwoutdyou havefelt if soneonehadtreatedI would I PRACTICE2 l Completeth€ sentence5 with the corect fom of the verbsin 1 lfyou (ietl)meyouwantedone,| - (buylyou (brjndyou a presentbackfrcm my holidaysif I (have)some moneyLeft. (get)to the restaurant if I 3 We beforeit closed, (not follow)to yourdirections. (have)a job 4 lf he _(notfail)alL hisexams,he - tl I had known I known you werecoming I woutd havernet 4 ll only I wouldn't havelost | ,adrot lort my iemperl 5 ll you stay I had stayed till the end of the film, you might z | s He {neverdo)anythingsostupid,if hisfriends (not encourage) him. _ (know)you we€ coming| (wait)foryou. 6 lf I (take)aphotoofwhat happened, perhapsyou 7 lf I _ (believe)me? (noibe) (listen)towhat ltoldyou, you 8 lfyou in thls situationnowl 2 Thinkof two wishesthat the speakersbetowmight make.Use / wisrltorly to start the lentences. 1 l'velostmy job and I can'taffordto paythe rent. t \ x i s thh a d ni 1 a l rt n r j . b . lfDnlylha.tpnoughntoneyt.paythercnt 2 f,1yfamiLyhav€movedtoihe countryandlcanl drive,so I'm 3 l'velostmy phoneandI haven'twlitten rny friends'numbers ll cattiona done I had done hetter in the interview she coutdhavegot th€job. \NewouldhavebeenI wouldbethereby now if we hadi't got stuckin the t6ffic. our tast hotidaywould re / wo uld havebeen gteat if the weatherhadbeenbetter. lf I had seenyou walkingalong the toad I night havegiven / 1 0 Now HenrywGhes he w€rr / radgore to universjty. N\.\N 'rs!tproa.ql u!sr.Msue .rno,( lraq) q aruaruas ^8iaua a,rll ra^\od quoq fruEpadxe ure.$o arnssardralpd prpn8 srrtstts uoldru€ t€nl teluaqr sset8 'q.a/\^ ,\ a, lx.u lqr u! u€ql €slrterd pue'8utp!.r lno{a ordu!ol op sp) nolieqr sButql oar ssooq) 2op no{t.uop/op tsl.qr u!€utql qrtq/r\ 'rxa1aql 3êqno^l6{P pear tr Paqsluu a^€qnoffq/{jogurod uleu e$€sueuuns pue 'u.1 .pq^ aq' to SurPu€FraPUn ]PFU.8e 133or ^r1 'ual oqrSutpueFaPunolluP]lodu!^'3^ oqoi tr uraasrcrnrorl|q' ssalun'sproauaoqun arouSl ',!alalduor ! puPrsFpun SurPeelordaa)ipue r.uplpno,(saserqd ^ oull,uop no,(proMPpuu no^ iu$ /t'a€ dols 'P.qslu!a ,no^ ! ltlun anulluorpuerX31PpParo13u1qe ll€srno^Fs 'pp3rnof se llasrnoôlsproaaql^Ps U S u r p e a r anr eo , ( s e p e a q r n o { u t p r o M q ) e . . r e t s u P r l ! 'sr.dedhau tButqrlue srap$r p.pert n $itsq.M - qstSul utuer no,(sEqrnu sPPe.! 'uMop1!Mols llla reql $tro .qr rno ssorl {rualrlrFlpaads3uP€3rrnor(.ôdt!l IIA)utqr noI lPqt aol.q 5e3P!oql)p[ arnulu e sPo^{ ooz-o5Lrnoqps!pe.dsBulpearpooSv'{tlu.PHa Pear ot ruerrodu! s,r!'qslttul ut )roa ro {pnrs or 1ueanortt ! xq 8u!,qtu8eu, rtxol rtue)lo ssoJ llss l3ad purM urar-8uol arP^ld tslu aln €Ir re€Pn! rPlos ' € x o qu ! P l o M ep u ev x o q u l P r o a e Sulsnsunoupunoduor urol ui'{l rs!] P.roM.qrFô:) PL 1f rt)vud I ltHLo .J[.re^!rd ]no^ .lI le.r ul InrlIP.r l.leu 01 .sP.sP3u|u.rParql-al|l e loirel.{ e PreiS.l[ e (rF'uoDquEbtous)suoPltle Du€ru.s.lI e .tll3]ll &uet .drc 4t aulr.t! elo.rueqrrql url Hrlll\ slsvlHd poadsAu!peorJno^ tu!ôJdiul ]DNVHI ONVStSSllOld lSll)SlO OrSSll prenBs]!le I la)pelajl e orarnqllor o1 Pquor o1 t dund 01 € rrattsr o1 {&suaiPtos ry)tua|])rlxol FAod put/rt FnllFsol Z uorldnrartue)loê quroqreal)nue qenbqrreaue .l!lsprorarse ue L 'sr€asuerno^ rol suosP€r dnor; qrp. u!rno 5uo ppo aql oultr€punZ $qSSu tru8eue sFnllLssoi .lenbqrr@us .3ueq, a1Eulll aqoonaPr s .)f1sP@a1seu? slsstfold oNv ])N!Ds Useof gerundsand infinitives 1Ge.und5 crammaticaLty, gerunds(the-lng formof the velb)areusedii the sameway asnou'rs/Proiouis. (SeeUnlt 2,study2 for a comparison betweenihe useofgerunds . Asthesubj€ctorobjectofthe sentence. Iaa rf;!trhiinhathitl! i\ ba'1f.t ,/outskij she: vet! qaal atoraanisingthinqs l]?..r.d wirlo,l t,\dkr9. . Certainvelbsarefoltowedbythegerund.These include: a.Jrrir..!.'rJi,rd. .orside/:di.y, enj.)!,h3te,int.9ine,!ikc, ttstke tbre (da)ii)ni1tt. rtrs, p/a.rê,rJl nrqg-"rr . ThereareaLso somenounphras€s whichtakea gerund,for exanptethavedifficuLE,havetrcublet\/t te havinqtroublercatukinane||\tafj . Therearealsoa numberofusefulpatiems wiih /r+ gerund. /tr woifhreeDgth.qartehj n' J!, ret it sro,rd inltD! roie. i/r! doil'r.lange ter.ntrC. Thefollowingnounsarefoltowedby the infinitivewith io: cr.rce, decisian,effon, apportunity, ti ne. iietle5t{irinceloy/rtlre!?aDe.. !t)&eie.or.lrdlt ile\, €.itnr.d. ar ettori to nr{e rrl'ee1Jlro,re Sonething / nowherc, etc. + infinitive We oftenuseth€infinitivewith fo aft$words ljkenoore,rorhdg, nowhere,something,sanewhete,what, where, etc. fhetet.s northereto buy a n.!4p.perrt !/,;ritne d,lght rr.rl.))/aa!;k. ro@ethinrttoeatbetarcyauQal We usean infinitivewithtoto explainwhy someonedoes something-to €xpress purPose. /tr,eler i gore,rl fo ,'uyr ,.wJpaper ln moreformalEnglish, we can usein otdetto. Ir\e5 h.!. bee,nrreasediro/derfu red!.! irflitiof REMEMBERI W€iormthenegative i.finitive wlth,of + ro+ v,orb I toldyaunot to dothat. 3 Infinitives without to ifin itiveswithout io areused: REMEMBER: Notlceihenegatve formofthegerund. lwanttoachieve inmottalibJ thrcugh natdying. 2 Infinitiveswith to Iniinitivesarenotgenerallyusedasth€ subjectofsent€nces. They aremostcommont usedin the foltowingconstructions. C€rtainverbsae fotlowedbythe infinitivewith to. Themost impottant in llde: affont, aqrce,decide,expect,hope,manage, offeL plan, pretend,pronise, rcfuse,seem,tentl, thrcaten,want. u.tt )trt,d,..an,e ,t .da d : ". 5l1erefrss,tf,, arswef ary guerrDNrjboLill-!r erqa.le4ert. r.an't wairIor fhe!r..t-{d \'.ri nusthavebeenwalting{ot a lan! tine . attet hadbetter andwauld GtheL \{. drertergo /ro e rovl r'di" al,erwdtcr.i r(/?o !l;j.t. ro tijecnt.tna . aftetlet, nakeaft help. she,the krd nfpe&h Nhr reailj"na/<eiyocli.,g1, 'jthtnlv.i a tee.aqer,hy par-.rtJ,A'er{etDre5f./ortlarc. i:anyorhelptflecattyihe:tir.nJesto f,. crrl' (* Theinfinitivewith ro is alsopossible here.) I PRACTICE1 l Are the verbsandphrasesin the box fottowedby the gerund, lvlanyadjectives arefollowedby an infinltivewith fo. /r! earvtss.e !r!'r/,. sr)€-"rjo J!r.ei3|!1. ri. u/alr'ref,rsftos,iqqesranewapptat.h. Thrcecommonconstrucljions with adjective+ infinitivewiihfo . toa + adje.live + infinitive t r r o " , r c " i c r , . e d l a r P i t r JL " . ,of + adjective+ eroug, + infinitive trlnfi.isr'f oki $rzr9l to croorr on/rs o!, . adjective+/or + pe6on+ infinitive i r'seijr/torpeop{er$.:ri'ti.,/dmdrctr .re I th. intp.n.l the infinitiveorthe infinitiv€wlthout fo? offer enjoy too lazy practise wouldrather havetrouble wouldbetter refuse oldenoueh suggest miss Let don'tmind goodat seem it s wodh agree pretend . infinitivewitho!t ro '^ppqrrtqu.u {u uo ua^t83qo18u!D.dx.ur,l I ftpar l,uaêqI uaqa .' .êq ol puaFrdI sautlauros I aou lqB! " aq 01.)t Îesr p,l 9 _ 'aou u8u !s|;ul tudPnrsueql aqreqrerp,l I ' or aruoI t rnoqq;rauû or lou )tP Peq o1.)ll raSunofseM uaq^ ' 01,\or{paureala^pq E P,l _ Lz PtorSutaq.1eq .. lupM1snf Bururour aql utdn qer\ luaq/.. , t 'no{ro} an4 ueqr Dieu ol s.ruaru.s a^!l.ralduol snouetjo saÎ .le^trd .ql ut a.raretuJ Zatdoed tou t u.t4u! or rouatltrt noqt erP3u3t11 )u!qr no{ oc 9 'uaasagorl aaso*.retd aqls,lt .r.ql o3 soliuq.l.r lo speot's,orPad uesre PooBf|elnrlred l,usrPoorsqr qBnoqrlv 5 'a\a ua Pseeq aêqor I p3se!,a eqors:u Lots,rl adoqs,ra'taposlda1sel.ql u aasaêq01/ ue.t dulaqrEll P,t t EruadrP)e sPPerJoAere{ot| 6uDpo agorese$al ou Mal3ql lo.uo .raag. sqor / 3qor5lqSnoqlsl prol uoslreH € 'êtdaql Suunp sarnprdqet / qetor,lou 5np3)s€lueuerunouu€lql z iua!] pqse 6ulaq / 5u!1P. dols atdoaduaqa slPrlrron a e{ or / trolr.r ot, aurtl aq1'la.rls lLlr ut qderSorn€rr.qr rol parse ^lqPqords,ll qSnoqlv ! aq or ol setuqaFrro} 8ut,(ouue / {se 'surcl qr.^ D.xor €q1€sooq) L Zijri5tud_l ' u $ ] s n o n u r u o )a q l u t p a s np u s l P u n r a S . q I iLr!r.!o.i oer/ri/rFrir! !o 6uj4 oq ,r./1.Jp,r rorrFt 6oF?t[itq o] nri.rraf r!;ri tql 'suoqrn4suora^luuul ur rnonur o) ruas.rdaql pParturs.^4luuulsnonuFuorasnal lo sulroj snonulluof, t drqr raasfry Brli.qo;u / u;r.'I fsiriirnq I r.u/a,r 'p3ploêu4ro oslesipunr.SD3]rad3ql srpueteuror ,(ra^spunosrnq'atqlssod 1/itrr.(, rr^4ou,onevraqr,p/tDrii 'or 1noqrlaurot aôlulJU!rrafadalli)rloN enE{oF ln r. i artDt)t tpLtltq rdatrl ut t9rl / itr,,&Ju.8 pa45.,^ oi alll ,,r adrrrrr-!r !,/ Jl{o ;alod iJrer\ 'ssnepurPuraqllroJ3q.u|le oleal .sneir a^4ruuul .rlrueqM (aldlltied lspd + r/eq o, .^trtullurpsrrsd 3q1asn3/rA suro, p.rr.d E (punre8.^Fsed).p.l r[r41Platbor.,i r.]!il !'/5 (o1lnoqll/,\a^fluuu!e^ssed)rlrrcu/u rltsqr.!r.!iP-/P.H (or qla .^rirulruta^tssed)n,ol. V.l tq oi nrlni Di,'i 'ul]oj a^Lss€d puesa^4rutlul aqr ur pasnaq uer spuruoB surro}.^!ssPdz $,,rijr ?fli.?tno,qr /'irFi.r.ir,! nraurt or ld!4 i 'xrfr .f oiro!jor(pi.l i 'ur.roJ.^rleBeuoql utposn aq uer sPuiFS puPse^|llullul slulo, a^rP8sN ! su.ro1pun.retpueerlllu!,ul tuoJa#lo P!a)Fe'\ trti Suttioqt.tj albtttlcld tt,t 16^^suEUn' e.+M PuesuolFanDrqllo uar asooq) q ?le3u deeqr 'poo; e r.B ol ssnoqrno{rFu araqMluearaqrsl tl ;qsli8ul utsaou3qr puP$FPunor nofiot fsear sl E! osntarnofoc zL Bul^13 ZeeB&q01âLrour z q s l S utte a d so r r o . l t r M o l s l q n o 4 . r o u3 ^ e qn o / ( o C ! l iqsll8ul t6dsolsstrrud noôPareqMpueuiq/t Ol. tuSru1e alq lno,(ersot uosploleo,(-gl rno,(lal nof plno,\^ 6 SullrlqpsuaP qlFNno^6^€H 8 iauoaLuos aql ut s)eee arouraq o1Pualnof oC I a3utuarcro Suturour zaourq8u ro A.LqrlPMaqraqFrno^plno/t 9 aq1Suurns r3urslur au.rs|rollPllPr r.q no,(arv 5 ol Ploool.qr.^3uPrno^)urqlno.{oO eFsrerBut3uEqr leq/v\ E Ztulopsreqnoôp)iroâsnoq ePlqr3u'rofe aqorslu nof oc z no^.rereq/ I tlrl1oPorSuluueld aPuDt33,\\8ururor 'uaqr p.ro) Puesalelslur €ql pull aot.q suolFsnb.ql ut sa)srstluua^.te€rEalaqt PE au (e)n)-Faur t i u o f r s ^ . l u P MI z L aruP.ru.SlqP (.'let) r a p r ou t ' o i e t r q€ , q r e de r e ( a ^ r r e ) - F q l e r f l n o MI l l ..u (ar|lou) r l d o i d . t p u l l a r e , t r B u t . { a u r o(sp u t , ) {4 t'uorserrolue]lodut uero} r|Jlnoue 8u1^nqur,Lil oL '8ulFararulsrou Punos j]3sû rnoqesa[ I.1 sautFtr]os| 6 rl3sIu (sleL!) 'o1)ler o l s n o u P , ouoou s,aFqrajaqMs.!!ed or (o3)-PuPrs1,uer 8 14out qroM rou are^.ql )utql I u .tdo3dsiou3ts.u$3uos I I '.rou u.qr iu (alepardde){qeur)-Fpro 3)eL!saurFuos I e u,au (..t (ltp^\)-.tdoad rarer ft! ur.ur dlaqplnorfaqlU;noql! trojta lePadsealeu PtnoM 5 Jr.uoouosor3)tu (aq)01^pp.r(F )-rnoq u€ ueqrerou puads.(Ueln;or | ? 'ure oqM L -uawpadxa (r.quaua, t . l d o a dM a ur a a l ut u s q r € 'au (arouSt-aldoad aqteo z 'olqPuolqse,Lun ro deaqrPqool os'rFrpFoM | ! 'êssaDuq.l') req/1 teqtllrp.inersro qntr e or (o3)- '(oirnoq]lMroqr!v!sr.)rprq u!sq$âqllouroJ atlu!,u!ro pun$8€qr qI,' aoFq saru€ru€s.qrer.iduol z hlvhercareeris in nec[ne itL-equipped to deaLwith ... sptash€d acmssthe newspapem CONFIDENCE to becomfortable in yourown5kin to not losesleepoversomething CompLete the sentences with an appropriateword rlyou're 1 a Soodpubhcspeakeryou canalways a crowdto Listen to you. 2 Thestorywas acrossaltthe newspapeG. 3 ls Daa€nDavres really a comeba(\?| Lhought he hadreriredfor good. 4 |_ my debuton the stagein my schoolptay. 5 l wouldnt any deepoverit. ltt not a bigdeal. 5 Hackinginto someonetphoneis itlegal.Yo! shourd legalaction. _ 7 Didyou comp€nsation aftertheaccident? 8 Asa cetebrity, you constantlyhaveto_ forphotos. 9 Perhaps you shoJldbuy a newiuir loryour interuiew Youhaveto _the dght imprcssion. 3 Thereare six mistakesin the text b€low.Findth€ mistakes and corect rhem. to hldebehindotherPeopte My cousin Ch]oe CELEBRITIES AND THEMEDIA to accusesoneone wrcngly to havea riShtto privacy to haveanextra-marita I affair to be a hyPocite/hypocriticat to havea stDng fanily image to buUyandtese someone to hackintosomeonetphone My cousin Chloe is an actress and singer Even when she was a child it was clear that she wa,nted to be in th€ media light. 'I'm gojng io be a live legend,' sh€ said. She'snoi a legend yet, bui she doesrDv€ a rccord dealing. I didn'i ihir* it was very good. a.lthonghI didn't tell her thai. Shel supremely conndenl and very happy in her o$n slrin. Nonetheless,I think she'[ find the pressnre ol lamous hard it isnl easvhaving every detail of your life \,ashed across the nenspapers. OTHER to be introduced to someone makethe right impresion I PRACTICE 1 Completeth€ conversations with the nounform of the adjectives in boLd.Use . dictionary to help you if 1 A: I'm obs€ssedwith Angelinajoti€. B: Why do you havean with her? 2 A: lwish lwas moreconfident. 8 : l d o n l t h i n k y o ul a c k 3 A: Hes a Legendary guitaris!. - I haven'theardof him. B: He can'tbe muchofa 4 A: lwantto becomeimmortatthroughmy songs. B: Brt you canr sing.r'laybeyou co.rldachieve in 5 ti she becamefamouswhenshewasstiltateenager. B: Howdidsheachiev€ ? 6 A: she'ssohypocriticat.Sheshoutdn'taccuseme of thingsthar shedoes. B : l k n o w l t h i n k s h e ta _ , t o o . 7 A: Im feetinga bit paranoidtoday. B: What is causingyour ? Englishoutsidethe classroom(3) 1 PeoptetearningEnglishhavean advantageoverpeoplein the past- th€ internet.Tickthe thingsyou havetried. 'l Waichvideosin English on siteslikeYouTube or Vimeo. 2 Downloadpodcasts exampte, from BBC) on topics ihe for that interestyou3 somegroupsotrsociatnetworksoEaniseouringsand otheroppo*unitiesfor peopleto meetandpractisetheir English. Signup to oneof thesegroups. 4 Findonliie practiceexercises thai coverthe grammaror vocabulary thai you arenudyingin class. 5 Readaboutinteresting subjects on websites tikeWjkipedia. 6 Goto an onlinecorpusandtype in someof the words you arelearning.Iheresuttswjll showyouhow the words areusedby native-Engtish speakeEandwhatotherwords coltocate with them. 7 Try a language-exchange websitewhereyou helpa native-Engtish speaker Leamyour language, andthey hetp you learnEngLish. 8 Readthe newsfrom an Enelish-tanguag€ newswebsite. 9 Listento an English-language radiostationontine. 2 Whichofthese nethodswillyou usein the future? r oqeFunBre 3 r a M a ^P q a D q u a o a r r i ! e r t n q a ^ l s , r e a l M a N r s e t t u a u n 8 r p u P PPq3M qe Atuarararnbr3rs6xu qE qra1n. ]]EjPrP un ou qo r,^ trsPdaqr urqr t rno uattPlnoI a^Pq iqo lqBr r^l lnoJ 'a3rqr'oar 'auo 03fN :bl oqMiun auoPooSesireqr '3urllo iriaM )iuql qo rno ou Ille.rlou oN Ia :Jo tuLqruer nolrelr ata SuLq uv padue,rq e a q u a s n o q l q S I | e u s e p e qn o l l q V l^loel aFrElP uo4 F u r u . r t i o q ep e q F uq u e a q t u p l i o r a r a q r r e q l l pnso l p t n o , r teussardrPu$lqrlor1ol qP un llal\ poo! 3qr3q+E u rpqMp p norl3u tpu a,r Zsturod It uel aSrqp uo! auo) r,uop 'aoul4tp.r r,uop -r,uop L un z '3u uPr noIftul nor ]sn! I lo oPsrPr lPtnoM pu snnor lo oN :v op ot rPqa PaP).P iLo,tupol3uqrIue,&st,uoMnol l,uoêq4le.rIrsnpra€tno{Ih o u u n pI a u r P o o S e . n e o t P ueau Aou{ :^ q P . M P u e ' uq a ^ o o ;arnml ^!e s,araql !u qll,uoP no,{, raqr.Sor3u {eF p 1Uod oql s leqa ueau PUY:l/l rPsrlot r!sn teqaau Eurttallsnfs 3q)turqr sau rsuos ]nq !r aqsles.q 'uur{ :l.] s,.q)iurqrr,uoP no^ Pw :v zPa$ar3ru! ' o Po r r u e a tstuq1 p u es u e t fdu e u o s r o S . ^ , ' a u a o u l n o I _ t a r p u es t d o o a du e s s q l Suaas33ull1aues aqlFurop" araq3u ^'r ^ddeqfl])atrid '. 3!rrs aq u e a uI s 8 oq l a u e sa q r l u e d l l F r a M ) t u r q ] ] , ! o$Pn l o u , { u P 3r ro N : l ^ a 8 r e tueo 4 3 uu o l o s u o pr u e s o radq r a r e r e q1aq 3 ! ' u n ' o n r ) o : r ' L z L 9 N t C U OtfU t I | N n .3u I a! |,r .ursnr] qeN - oEoratqPaqlou rqSruaqslaqr Pue .3ueqr'rilt l,upr .LtsrsqrsBuqr'sue&r.!p 3)iputqSru.rtsostePuV . I lnotr.ie.ua)if )Neuorlouxnlar,nol'âH l piloaq arolsq r a ql s e l t a r U | ] a P pa, tu s e a r l ) t s !e l o r q e 6 , 1) u r q r ' o u u n P : [ r 3 ^ o l I s q s ' j o P3 ) t t r a q a o url , u o Pn o l t o o r s , r3 r e uq e N , € zaqsrus.oP I 'orteq v . . e o q o u o d o 8 L o .d "r'"oP"i ILMsqsMoDi 5 qr a)i| ll,aqs qo 'aunlrolp no^ 2l lus n o o 1 ; u o S s l u e a u ; o S o r f l u e M o q s a F q a r o q t sdeo u l n o l ' u r 3 '' P t n o qnso ^ I U! r n o , ( l , u o tos a s r d r nssa t t z e t \ t a r nnso l P u u h : [ laq ol proa p fPs 1,uopos'ssldrns4atduo) p uoEaaaoarlauuns P s , r L r nr€L 3 ^ oot r E u r osB, 3 q'sP U P l)st 3r 3 r D rx.u suexaFq s.qsu!] aqsu3qMrol qroqsnro, unsaqrur Aeploq Srqs,qr)iooqot BuoSu,|taa unsaqrsaôt.Lts^\oq^rcu)inorIaI\ :€ :u.qrrsqls,req/{ ;nof areLlo :f r a qr o l a s r d r nes l o t q e S u r u l e lud 4 t p n ] r v r € poo; s,8uqr^]aniou rnq lensi sefzeD i)trrtuL,(pm s,aqs1$rS qpal :€ z)ozeN 2atpu ll]ELr]lP3uqr&a^. os :[ u.€=3 aof=l 9 DNt€UOftU I .t|Nn _ s P A a u P t o t o q s l e q]a] a I \ : v lparr4ss^no^ Mouror atoqMaqt 3u |a1 or r.3 a^,no,trnq 'ariuoi 'ou'oN 'u q or P r o Mp l E s l , u o a n o r asuord rnu nol arou gu q uplps plnoqstj Mouj I|par I uop Z{esaqspp,(tl]ExareqMos ua€rood 'uouuor uLq)nu rE$ 3^Pq,(IsarI.!r )iurql Lusaopaqs,GpoqrlopuaaqrrV .re laq] Iea Lql sSurqrqrr^ IdnEq '3uoA Ispi'al 'snor quE radnsuaaq ts,aqpue )Lueu{p rannspue s{pMtps:qs uEau atdoadruaral p,!aâretraqr'rlourtnol |aI\ rv 'pale$eâpaq ll,aNisno!asrou 3r,nor { _ u q qr M qsu!] 013uol s,3qsrluqr lluo :v lnoÎ M ua€ol s ql uo tuau op nof r.€]eqM ],uop Iaa oN :V t" Pro.)-oo10 :f " 'lear uuLn :v ;)o tu qr&a^! lq$,{ :f 'Appraqroaqrzed qrhaaUo peq f,llpnlE a^pq $r :v t os :l z l l p t p z e ^p u e l a su s a sn o ^ a ^ e q Puuv=v aof=l s DNtouotluLltNn ." ."€o 1"J ..te- - n I qls,lr ru qtr uop 'ouunpI]nq Buiqt^r.âpue ttaM ararta,tusBLroF 4 t e . r u o r a 8 a ^ \ u D U t - r s n T s r ' q ) n s s e 3 u o h B u l l o u s , a r a q r:ot .Nt 'IqI\ :V lSuoh s,leqM 'a@rouosl q E 3 Ir r . J l n o q en o ^ o r ) i t e r oPt a a u @ n ' I a a q $ i ;aôtu ltpeu I rs oMrio^ luag qr M ]]aa8u ol I rs gu qf$â puv :v Puuv=v zstl=bl t DNtouoflu t JNn 'roolod ooroqdoq.b . " Y o - r n b1 0 0 - - q , c s ' s r q e qo r u r^ | e a rl o u u a u P u s r i F q u . u a r , u o Pt s i uq l 1 3 e ' , o F e r i e a M . . r q t t n o quer o !s e M r l u L | t ^ q e qe P e qa ^ e qa l d s l q P u p u 6 n o rI u ' r o u i q o . u o s q r i o t l l e a r B u r q r ^ u e l o ) t u ruqP r rr ' u ! 9 3u snluorIllPal sraFr ple 3au l lo aldoore iaqFSorrnouaaqIp3^,aM iuuqof r . u q o fp a | p )s p u p q s n q r apqu p f u u L t o l s 3 u ps u ,plar]IoqIupue ooteuul s suPUIu IFno ^qo ssne)aq6lear aruaPruror e.r nb st SuDitpl P3Uer $nfaa puprrqro q)eaor rxau3u puelsoraa aa 'su.ddeqr ss seltr as)raxa[ule].qrau stttuo@xsrnoqErcl Fq u4oDiftuo a^ euut s ^ru.rd errnbtou a^ auoauos'url s l p n t r t uq l . 1 6 6 1 rnoqEur Paôuaa uaql pupn4,( a^l tnoqProj 3i3qrp3^LlrM)uqr q r n u t u 3 ^ f u . 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PresP.qs sSuqr tnlMeaqrlle .reduor pusraqrrtol 3allotre rot tno oBol p.sn. \ qinu osssoq srqrPaleqqroqaM.sner.qasop&a^.ue)aq an êM^!v reqr:rolaq sqofr!arall p aaj e peqpeLl^qtq )iutqr tnq'qolrsr!fu spMr pup 'ueuoM{rseuotqlroqtsou oLlttsnfeM aqsssoq F]nP fll4r s qlrol q l o qa r a e a M u a q d r a q F U , I q r P ) u FlDtroM t anlMa ,t alosq]rol 'tuurou aql autr reqr lo P a F u r o qo s l s a l r s n f t l n qE u r l s u a r Iu| E a r s i | 3 s r+ o M . q r u e . u i.uBu ts,r pueanLltnoqetpdn 8utrr.8u,t ,qe. ^lted Itted . r a q l . q o r a ^ e q P u eq I e u o S u ) i r o a u t u . u o u a q r r e l n € ' a l P l .lnbdn r.3 os arq rrersrelr s.uuerSoiduo)iroM asneraqiuus,rL ^te@rop u u e, l n l sp u e A l r o l) i r o M l o t o t e o pp u pr i $ i r p r p qp u , asnE)aq ruauou oqr le uatqordeto r q Pr,1|lp rp uo$d ?uLuroue tou rnfu 'Suurou aLtturRuul rsr! dn EurrFRMoul nor 's8u urou a t e qI m ! i 3 t r lt i u o p t P q l F s M s q t t o I P P I u P l | e arr u 5 . r a q ! ' 3 u r o l3 r q d t P D a d^s| e a re r n s e a l l reqt a)ifrn$ PUP3Pun,(u qraroDer aqruo 3uro3Pueqeurue o!1 |p l p.ôtfprntosqe slepltoqrno rcl r.uuns &a^. aFqloS or Pasn . M ' p l e r a l s s I u p u eu n u f r , . iu a o o r P e s n i P u pi u eu n E ( u r P q l ure] 3q1]oaueu aql sea leqt asne)o!olo eqr rot urpl rpu€rnd 3^,1 L DNICUO)]Ut J.INN 1d1.rcsolpnv Audio script i Oh no,soyou dont actuaLLy knowwhyyou feLLoui? N o , t w a s w e Lw L ,e w e r e , l t h l n k wwee r ea r g u l nagb o ust o m e t h ng rhathappened to usin the pan rhat we obviously hadn'ibroughr up Somerhingto dowith the fam Lymaybe? Yes,yeahfanything t w LL derinteiy hayebeento do with ihe famity Andwhenwasir twas at chr srmas,jid you say? But think cos because qu te itwas NewYear'sEveyoute feeLing emotionatandah,excitable an,l .. l.l: Andii wasyours ster? w: Yes,butwearguequ re a lotanyway.Ainwe re friendsnow. 3 W=Woman M=l'1an w : W h a t s t h e i d e a L a g eet o e t m a r r i eadn d w h y ? M: wett dont nec$sariLy beLele ihat therecan idealaeetogel m a d e dU . m , l m e a ns o n em e nf e e L t h a r r h en ye e nt o b e a L t t l eb t olderbeforethey get ma( eti and um,a tot of womenfeelthattheyte '"dd ro8e -d "d" d mean,er,in um€sgoneby,peopLegot maniedquileyoung,andum er you know,erm thin[ my parentseot mariedwhenthey wer. a Lot yolnger er dont know ldon i the answertoihisquesuon,l'msorry. U N I T1 R E C O R D I N1G 3 A: ...andmostof the peoplerhereseemveryfriendLy, so,yeah attthat A r l i t j u s t i h a l . . w e L Ld, o n ' tw a n tt o s o u n d a ri f m m o a n n g a l r e a d y oranythlngbut vegot a bir ofa probtemwith my bossomehow. It'sa bit harnio expLain.whenyou first meeiher sheseoms perre.ityn ce you know,goodfun,andyoungand everyrhlngbut ldont know Shes got thiswayof kindof ignoringwhateversay. s h e d o e stn3 c t o a L d L tyc i s e m e ,n o t o p e n Lbyu t s h e j s t d o s n t seemto takeanyor my soggestions verf seriouny A: Yeah,weil,l'msupposedtobeheras!istantmanager, notrome juniorwhodoesnt knowanythineaboutthejob B: Thatsolnls awful.Baveyou edtatkingioanyoneelseabouiir? A : w e I n o n ' t k n o w d o ni f e e l a s f l ' m r e a L w L ye LeLn o u g h enablishen rhereyet A: ..well,iJwehurrywemehijlsreeiihere.Oh,no A i L . o k lL o o ka t t h er . a f f k l i s j u s t s o l d . o h d o n ' t b e L e v e i tm. e a n how 5 anyonesuPPose. toget around. OK Ok.Calmiown, caLmdownl w i L L y osut a p t e L L n g n e ct !a l md o w n ?r i s s o a n n o y l n 8 c. .o. m e Look,theresno pojntin gettingupseiabout t. ti3 ru3hhour. Theretboundtoboa Lotoftrarric. Yesan! whenwerurnupan hourLate,can maeinetheytegonna oK, comeon,wete not goingtobean hourLare.ltettyouwhat, U a c a l L a ntde l t t h e mw e t e s i u c I i nt r a f f c o , K? eivethem Y e a ho, K , l m e a nt h e r e s n om t u c he l s e w e c adnoi s r h e r es,h o r r o f buyjnga pr vateheL.opter mean!he traffc in thistown isju5t.. B: Simon?ts Lindahere A : O h h i . . .f i o w si t g o n g ? B: Theresa bit ofacrisis,a.iuatly.Thals why l'm ringng.ldont [now A: oh, dear.Youhayent lockedyouEelfout againhaveyou? 3r No,no,its .. it! Tony B; He shouldhavebeenbackhou6ago. meanhes alwaysherewhen g e t n f r o m w o r k , a t w a y s , ah ne d' s l u s t n o t h e rHee r d r a p p e a r e n A: WetL, nevefnin! I m surehelLcomeback.Heatways does,noesnt he? B: Yeahbut,youneverknowwhat mighfvehappenen. rmeanhe'snor usedio bengout on h 3 owi. A : H a v e y oL u o o k eudn n e r t hbee d ? r h a t s w h e h r eew a sL a s r t i m e . B: of.ou6e lhave.No,hes noi in the flat.He! gone.ljustdon'tknovl A: Look,L nda,try not to worryaboul r t-ie! probablyoutwith oneof his girttrlends or somelhng Haveyou@|Len h n? Necouldbe nfiegaden. 3r Yeah, ve Looked everywhefe. He'snot in anyofh5 usuaLplaces. UNIT2 RECORDING 2 t = F r a n k eR = R i . k N = N a n . y F: Yeah,weLLCue$itsallthe normaL stufflor a stunentreatty.Having anacuvesoclallire makesne happyannmyfriendsaremportant. c o o d f r i € n d s h i p s a r e a L w a y r i n p o n a n t , a r e n t t hwehy a? tEerG me . . . ? wetl, gues LG myibje.t I jusienloytheinteLLectuaLstlnularion of phiLosophy evenlfthe tutorsarea bit . .razysometmes B u t t h eo t h e rs i n eo f i r t h a t d o n t e n l o y s o m u . h i s t h e L o n e l i A n el l $ thoselatenigh$nunyingonmy own.Andsometimesyou know, get netuolsaboutexams taiLed my Lasroneso. well,examstresss derlniteLy a probLenfor me.Andrguess d tiketo meermorepeopte. fs like,weLL La.kol.onf dencecanholdme backa b t, sometme' R: Lets srartwih therhingrtha! makemeteeLbad. What reauyhare i3lackofneep.li teavesmellst erhau5ted. An,ibecau5efrsorired faLLasleep n theevenngwhen rhouLnbe relaxng.50,yeah, not havngtlmeto rcLax is aGoa probLem.Ihe otherthingthar annoysme s cr t c 5miiofr my famity,lrom my wlfe n particuLar sheworkslong hoursiyouknow shesa cu.ren.ytraderln rhe . ty, sosomerimes when s h e c o m ehro m eh e r c o n p l a i nct sa nr c a L L y w im nd eup. BurrheposiiivesderlniteLy ourwei8hthe negarlves. tmean warching mychitdrengrowup r the mostlmponantthingin thewo.Ldto me, ipenningsomuchiime with them even fil isa bitethaustng AndL enjoybelngablt oJa nof-.onformkt.l'm the ont dadaroundherewho o o l . ae . t e . i o . " n o. " ! . b . 8 " b . a i l l e , ^ . . N : B e i n g t hC e E Oo f a b g c o m p a n y h aast o to f a d v a n i a g e o sr c, o u r e .t s m y c o m p a n y a nndo b o l y t e um s e l v h a t t od o . T h a f n s u m b e r o nfeo r m e rl L k eb e i n g a en m p t o y enf o, ra i e n p l o y e eY o uk n o w , l d o n tl i G f n gp e o p lbeu i l d o i t l f h a v e i o . T h eonf,c o ! 6 e ,f i n a n c i a l s e c u r i t y makesme Jeetgood earna goonsabry, bot I wolk hard ro deierue it Mycompanynoes marketresearch for .orporate.tient!so,yes,l'm the laceofthe company.ltlan importantroLe. s o w h a ! f r a k em s efeeLbaW d ?e L fLi r, i n g p e o p ltkee s a i d . a n d , w e t t personaLly th n(thetaxesin thiscountryaretoo hlgh so, no nont likepayingtaxes, butthen whodoes?And Bues worryaboutwhere socieryk eo ng.l worryaboutant socaLbehaviouronihesireers Thai m a k em s e f e e L b a d . A LaLLiLnt h o u gm h , h a p p y w t hL i f e .w o r k h a r a dnd UNIT2 RECORDING 4 1 -c"-a,eafe^lria8.h., " b u , p , o b . bol - c o r , b $ " . ". tearewoutd bespi!ets um, just reaLLy reaLLy hatethem um,the s m a LoLn e sa r e n 'st ob a db u t u m , w h e n y ogue t a ,a b i g o n eL k ei n t h e b a r hi f y o ul i n di t n t h e b a i h w h e ng o n , u m t h a f s j u s t r e a LrLeya L L y horible,um and cn'tfeauy, um, wouLdnteverwaniiotouchone o r a n y t h i ntgi k et h a t ,u m r o m e i i m eusm , , l g e ta h , s o n e b o d y t o C l no beroreme if lthinkrhatthere'sa l keLhood that therem ght bea rp ner 'a'oon r-.bu'r", h.l ' L " p ' o b d bol /r . o ! r r bgg".' 2 r'lyproblemi thatnea yeverythingmakesme glgglebecauset nepenns on my mood,tlepends if lve noihan muchsleeptorerample oh my goodness then ljusr cani holdthe Biggles in andihe more s e r l o ui sl k , u m ,L i k ief m a t w o r k o f i o m e i h n g , l h e w o 6 e t h e g i g g l e s C e . b e . .da L n o ^ ' . o - . p D o . d d r . dto S o i r s o m e b os da J. s .o "'rC."r f.d d,"r...Cin-..-a ie-tre-area.a higherandl'm atworkandiisa really mportantmeetlngand m a Lttlebtt red,thenrjust goro pieces, ii s t.rribLe,andsomebody can 'vegoneann cannorstopeither, lusi Lookat oe the wrongway and annthe more trytoslopthe horelnposible ltis anditteven happeningnow brilliant. 3 thinkir'sfa r t o s a y t h a t a mg o v e m ebdy t m e . t h i n k l r e s e n t but it s trueandthe ideaof be nglalejusl-l6t makesme,makesme - well really,retly sire$ed.Ia[vaystry annget a,ah,get somewhere a l w a l sf i y t o g e tw h e r e m g o i n g a t L e a s t h a l f a n h o u r l n a d v a n c e be.ause,the ideaof beingLatejust you [now theret a,rheres a ,o '?eql uo.] .q] uo .lepdn Fqr,ni e €ê,., , ff;'"i"*""t iuaqlrot qrnu oor rsnrseal ""0 "^",,", Frle âr.Fuotr tut aêr1paddors Iaqr rturqr iDq ]noqpAuttuoa 'a|)Jeinof or 'Peu '.uop De8 ple p,atts p3sl*r Suro8 spM .q asrnor rpqa 4atitosqe to '] 'saat 'P!e l3uou lo q)nu $s flnoMaqsreqrlntrqnopsrl teSalraue 3qsrolaq saSero].Pun û rcl Surqrre.s sea aqs,4tlu.reddv isale,r 1 e U r a t o l r n o r o r s , ( 3 ) e r s a q r . 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Hemalntained h s nno.ence bur hiswife cLarawentontetevision roiaLkabouthowviolared shehanfet. weLl, creg,two yearsaftq Leonwascharged annrlehtbeJore hewasdueto go onlriaL,Pro5ecuto6 haveunexpectedt droppen rhecharges againstLeon. Andth€ reason?tturns outthat cLarahadbeenreadlng herhusband s terr messaBes whiLe lheywerestiLLma(led andhadadmittedio th s n anemaiL. Leondes.rbedhimselras relieved but angry. ArAstonishlng newslNow overto oufsportrderkwherelamehasrome B . . . a d l h " . " o . ' < e n . e. o r e s p od e ' P o b e aI " L L h e " 1 1 the studiow th me Robeft,beforewe caichup on aLLrhe Latest devetopmenls in the wofldotsclencecanyouteLlfre what happened A: Yes,absotuteLy Don weLL, asourlktenetsprobablyremember, Ri.hard Handlwasthemanwhorrledio set up a mininu.learrea.torin hisklt.hen.UsngradioactvemateriaLs rhat he'nbought,Mr Handt attemptedto splitlheatomandhe postedthe resuttsonline,alongwith the nowjamouspidureoi hi5cookerafterrheexperiment. A : O f c o u 6 ew h e n r h ep o L c e w e raeL e r t et o! w h a tM r l l a n d l w a s n o i n g , theyconfiscated alLhknudearmateriaL andhiscompurer. Mr HandL facedthe ProsPeci oJup to rwo yearslr prison,so,asyou sayDon, wharhashappenedlohih? weLL, the afsweris absoLutely nothing sincethey conrrcaie! his Gnioactive materiatseverat monrhsago, neilherlhepoL.enorthe Swe!ishRadlation Author!y havebeenii touch.so it tookslikeNlrHandLwonlbeproiecutedafterarl B: WeLLthat! goodnewsJoramateurscientsts guessNow ontothis week! olherscience storiesRob... UNIT3 RECORDING 9 A: Ticketspt€aseThankyouTickets, pLease Yourticket,sn? 'm Br sorrybut donthaveone.Themachineat the stalion ,d: Youneedavalidtckel sir,othetukeyou'llhaveto paya Is0fine. B : l l n d e r 5 t a n d t h abtu t r c o u l d tnb u y a t . k e t l h e m a c hn e w a s n t A: Wherenid you boardthe train,5ir? A: Thereta ticketoff ceat that station,sn.YoucouL!haveboughtyouf B : t d o e s nt o p e nu n t i t e i g h t o ' c l o . k at n hd istrain L € f t a7t . 3 0L. o o k , l w a n r t o b u y a i i c k e t , I hh a p p y t op a yf o r o n en o w b u t c a n ' t b u y o n e i l i h e you havebeensuchgoo! companyrhatforyou it s onLyf2s. c: Yes,mytouE. hopeyouthoughtitwasworththemoney. A : O h ,r i g h t , y e s ,l ,s e e . .e. f r . . . S: Lookthere'sbeen. misunnerstanding. We didnt reausethatyo! C: WeU,irt onLyf2s. t s mor€ol a gift reattylheLpyououtwth an informative tour andyou heLpme out wlrh a smattgift. 3: ldon tthinkthats fair YoushouldhavetoLdusai ihe srart. c: Didntyou enjoythe iour? Nlostof my customeEare... B: Thats the thing yoosee.Wearent yourcustoned C: Well,Look.lcansee it'slusta bitola m su.dersran!inC andlappreclate wliaiyou resayng.L€ts cattit 120 B: No,you don't understand. we reallyaren'tyourcustometr. Thankyou foryourtihe but wete norBoingto payyou for t. comeon.lwant to go backtothatroomwiththe Romancoins. B: A: B: Ai B: A: B: A: Hettowe bookedarabtefoftwo.Thenames PoLeP O L E. Ri8ht...yes, right.Ms Pole.Thattabtewar for e ght o cLocl,wa!nt t? Yes,e ght ottock.Thats rght. WeLLlnafraidwe hadto SiveyourtabLe away.Asyou see,we re v.ry busyan! we werent 5ureif youwerecomlngsowe hadro giveyou. t a b L e t o r o m e oenles e . what doyou meanyouvegivenftlosomeoneelse? bookedit. e ,a d a m , W e g a W e L Li sr a l m o sqru a r t e r t o n i nm e tL o ! o f c u s t o m e r s bookingannnot turningupso generaLLy I anyoneis morethan halfan ho!r Late, we givetheirtabLeto someone eLre. oh, honestly.ltsnotmyfaultthatwecoutdnl finda parklfespace. unnetsbndthat,madamandl'm reaLLy sorry.Butasyoucansee,were Br rcan seethat, but thisis veryunfair.Perhap5Ineed to speakro Ai Bearwlthmea minuie,madam,andl'ttseewhatwe.an do Perhaps one.r our customeBwho bookenfor 3.30wonr shoy up. fyoujusi t a k ea s e a a t t t h eb a r . . UNIT4 RECORDING 5 A: B: A: B: RedLandStallSeeices H e L L om. t r y i n g t o h i rae n e wP A a n dw a s w o n d e i n g i f y o u c o u l d h e l p . CertainLys the PASolnetoworkwith you? Yesthats rlghr. ve hada few appticat onsbut go fron here mean,can havetheappLicants intetulewed? A: certainLyWecanprovldea detaitedreportonea.happLicant. You.a. evenhavethe r peBonalitles asse$ed. A r A n n y o uc a nh a v et h er ! Q t e i e d a s w e l lf y o u w a n t e v e n A: Well,l'msorrysirbut l'm Iustnoingmyjob.Youhaveto havea ticket beforcyou boardthe train. B: CanLmakea suggestion? why don t I buya tlcketnowandilien B: 1"1mh, ir aLLsoundseood canyou sendmesomeinformation about howmuchit attcosts A: orcouEe Letne takeyour emailaddres. A: 1...donl ih nk so,sir f you don'i havea ti.ket haveto f neyou. B: Lookthk is ridiculou3.l'mnoi a crlminal.lwanttopayfo. my tic[er] A: ...well...allrightsr.Buijustthsonce.whereareyourraveLLingto? N = newsreader B = science coiiespondeni N: Thisweekit hasbeenreportedthariheMars500 spacenission'has Ar Wow!what a hugespace, 'Landed aftermorerhan 17nonths With usto discu$th s fascinating si Yes,beautifuL. so muchto explore, erpe mentis ou. science coirespondent, DavidS mpson.Davin,for c: Thismu5eum wasont openedin 201Oyouknow rt'stheLargest n thoselGtene6who a.e noi famlllarwth the MaE 500missloncould UNIT4 RECORDING 6 C: Yes,it houres$me ofthe mostimportantRomanartifactsin the world. canshowyouroundsomeofihehighLighrs ifyou Llke A : W e t L , ewr h a t d o y o ut h i n kB e t h ? B : E r O Xl h e a n , l f y o u ' vgeo tt h et i m e . c : o h , s u r es, u r e . I t i k e tsoh o wp e o p treo u n d . c o m e ofno,t l o wm e . t L t a k e y o u f i r s t t o , .a i d a L L ot h f osecoinswtrefoundbyalarmerwhowd diSeingup h s rieLdLWhat a Luckyguyhuh? Br WowLHow interesting. c; 50,herewearebackwherewestarte!. A: weLL, thaik you somuch.IhatwasfeaLty kindoryou. c: oh, dont mentlonit. You[now, usually.haree €30tormytoursbut s: wettthe MaB 500nlssionw6 {tuattya simuLatedspace m$on in whichrix internationaL voLunteersthreeRu$ianstvvoother Europeansand a chineseman5pen1520 daysinaspacecapsuLe burled beneaiha carpark n asuburbofMoscow N: Andwhat exactlywasthe polnrofthat? s: weLL5centistswaniento studyrhephysi.aLand especallythe psychotoeicaLeffects ofspendlngthatamouniof t me in the confinement and ioLatlonofa spacecapsuLe, whichG or cou6ewhata spacecrewwoutdhaveto do lfthey gaveltedto Marsfor exanple. N; Aid why is ihat usefuL? '3u4.q ororeâqlxtalllarou.ql1r s:snsuoauoslruo sq aql pisnsL,l, 5 1 ) u q 1 3 qs a o P 1 e q M ' I u uDnrt q s r i e u l e q l u L q$ o q e s ! l l e L l au l q I ' p o t t u e a p P u e s n o uqPAt t r n l o s que q p ul r s n l r e s n e ) 3sql u o s e o r pioMaqrPqrsau!1loraqunuaqr ^lrsrlr s3uqra qloJrnoeIaupdasl u l u n ' s s o o q r p l n oIar e q r u o s D . 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ol3rnrnl u dlaqPlnoalll3,\\ ;s 6puo3s s ro uo4 s^t.tio ouen p ol .rls.Pe srru€r sLqrIl 3reddv 9 DNIOUOfIU5 flNn z 9NlcuofruI rlNn € DNICUOf]U5 IINN II Audio script becaseromepeoplej6t ae fuiny, otherpeopteaien't.AndIm reaLLy interested to knowwhatthat magicalingredient is and tyou.ani€ach It or if hes atwaysbeenfunnywhlchprobabLy hehas.Andwhat doeshe preferliketo,um,to do most,un, standup in front of an audience or movlesan! ry or ntery ews I d be intereste!to knowthe answer,un to Ah,lf I couldchoose, um,som€onetoinvitelthlnk it wouLnbe,ah, NlotherTheresa, um,Ithink itt som€one thats alwaysah,fascinated me,um,having- havingrravelled, ah,quitea loi andseenwhatyousee ln, un in countriesthar arent yourownandthe povertyandtheillness thinkit s,um,guiteamazlngthatsomeonegave uptheirwhoteLifeto, thatt reaLLy ah,to try andaddress that problem.And,ah,it s someone fas.inatedme lor!uite a lonetime.l'daskherwhyshechoseio, um,to giveup herlife ann,ah,andhelpotheE um. .lihinkthat shed be,um, justso fascinatingtotalkto, um,andlttsomeone reattyadmiresod m€. kindol liketo saythankyoufor- for the inspi.atlontharshe'sgiven l! loveto neet 14arilyn Monroe,solwould deflnitetyinviteher,and that beautifulann the f rst reasonwouldbebecause to havesomebody amding in a roomwouldjustbephenomenal anda oneoft, andlthen coulda5kherquestions Likewhat colourlipsticki, the bestredthatyou girlie!uestionsthatyou couldaskbut then d ask canget,andaLLthose herstulf abouthermovi€care€randwhether,um,shefeLttikeshed everbeenin loveand,um,whothosepeoptewouLnbethat shereally felt sheloved.and thinkl'd askherif shehadn'thavebeen,um,ir she hadnt havedienwhenshed d what shewouLdhavelikedto havegone lwould chooseanyklngor queenfrom historybut probably, um,I peEonto hav€at my dinnerpany wouldbe thinkthe mostinteresting the Firctbecause therewouL!beso muchto askher QueenElluabeth aboutandihet sucha fasclnating, um,figureun, fiEtof allld llketo askherhowshenanagedto besucha poweful qleenfor so Longwhen be nEawomanin thosedayswasdlfficuttenough;and,um,howshe maintained um,andof cou6eId like hefpower,um,overallthoseyeats, to askheraboutherdayto daylife andall thos€nomestic!etaiLsllke, ^ o . h ed b t .r o b - u \ hh . - a a t l o o w d . . h p b d l d u-de he wiSo.you knowso manyinteresting deiaiBwhich thinkwouldbe,itwouk beamaziigtofind our the truth aboutrhemand,um,andhowshe reaLLy felt aboutbeingQueenot Enghnn,um andwhatthatmeant 5 Um,iflcould invlteanybodywantedto a dinnerparty,er,thinkl wouti inviteDavldB€ckham. Be.ausenotontisheextremelyEood Looklng, um,butaGolthink he'dhavesomereallygoodstorlesto tell aboutpLaces he'dbeenandp€opt€he'dmetand,un,you know,the wo d Cupandwhat it feeGlike,just what it feeLs liketo bea5famous ashe is,reaLLy.Andwhat hGtilet Llke,ruppose.Yeah he'dbe really Br Yesits chrisrineFord,andthepostcode isr4Na6DK. C OK that s flneandhowcanwe helpyouthis nornlnS? you sentme a bluwhichI ihlnk paidthreeweeksago,butyouve Br WeLL, sentfre a letterwhichsaysthat unLe$lpay itwithinsevendaysyou Ll... c: sorryto stopyouthere. llhavetoputyouthroughtoanorher department aswe don'tactuaLLy dealwithinvoceswhlcharemorethan thfeeweeksoLd.fyou'lljust bearwith me... D: Hetto,CustomerServlce Department. Br Yes,it's abouta letteryou senime.Thecusiomerreference G V29O 6 3 6 Ka n n s e n t y o u . . . pLeas€? oi Canyoujust confirmyour nameandpostcodeforme, B: velustg venaLLthis man.Do Ihave information to anotheryoung to gothroughallthk again?lt's MNa6DKandmy nameis chfttine F o . dN . o wa b o utth i sb i l l y o us a y h a v e n t p a i d , n o w l k n o w l n a l e t h e D: sorryisthat M Ior Mlchael, N forNi8et... A: Yes,heuo,LindaBatesspeakinE. B: Hi, it tJaneMarkham Ilightsto lrom AdonisTravel.t s regardingyour lstanbulne*!wee( vejusl got a coupteofquerles... A oh, ye5.Hetlo.oh sorry,justa second...NolNotiherelwhere lroLd you by the bookcase... sorry... S: Yes,ljustwantedio knowlfyou'd dinn taklnga fllShta bit laterthan theonewedhcu$e!... C: Mum?l'4um?Naveyou seenmytEine6 anpvhere? A: Please,lont ntenuptmewhen monthe phone,yessorry,youwere B: No,dor'tworry...amlcalljngarabadum Le cL a ? LbLa c kL a t ei rf i ! s A : D o y o u m i n di t t j u s t t h a t t h e r e a r e s o m e l e l i v e r y m e n , a n d , , . w i t t y o u B : N o p . o b l e m . . . w h e n w obuel dag o o d t i m e t o call? a: oh, ifyou givelt aboutan hourthingswillhave setileddowna bii... B: oK, lLspeaktoyoutater. UNIT6 RECORDING 1 Ihe Mesopotamians wereprobablythe first peopleto inventwriring in about3,200EC, that it wasaLsoinv€ntedseparately althoughitG believed in severaldifiefentplaces- by the Ancientchineseandthenlaterby the tribeswhoLivedin modemdayM€xlco. 2 Bythe midnGof 16thcentury,Araband European astronomershad discovered a greatneaLabout howour solarsystemwork5.How€verat thk po nt, Europeans stiLLhadn'tfiavelle! to manypartsof theirown planer. cotumbusha!onLyanivedin theAmercasin 1492,Australiawasni Hello?Hetto?sorry?Y€s,that! righ! thisis stephenLloyd,yes,thanksfor gettlngbackto me..yeah,um,It€ft a message discovered wasnt ea ieraboutthe furnltlre by Europeans untilthe 1fth century,andAntarctica exploreduntilthe 13rhand19rhc€nturiesL thatyou rerupposedto bedeuvering to meat the en! ofthisweek...andI 3 w o n d e r e d. l. f. s o r r y ? . . . n o , n o i i ! j u s t t hmaot n a t r a n a n d l k e e p t o s l n g you ...we,we keepgoin€intotunnels...I said keeplo5ingyouwheneve. Bythe middleofthe 19thcentury,we hadmadebi€advances in scence which ^" go inroa 1 n e (orl. )or speal.p a b' pha.. No,,olr Lor p b andengineering.In r860the lirstcombusrion enginewaslnvented, v e r y f a i n t . . y e a h , y et a hh a t 5 b e t t e r y e a h , , . y e a h , l c a n h e a r y o u p e r f e d tLed y to the inventionof the motorcar.However, we sull hannt dkcovered yeah...sorry,yousaidthatyouI benefveringthefurnituE that bacteracausediseases, on Friday, isthat an! di!n't realisethat we reenedto washour handsin orderto preventthespreadofgermsLltwasn t unrittheworkof righi?Aboutwharime?sorry?No,yourvoicehasgoneveryfaint.,,lcan publkhedinthe ls60sthatthis leawas the Frenchman LouGPasteurwas hafdlyhearyou...sorry,youre breaking up. shau| .. shaLLrneyou back? put foruard,annev€nthen manyscientktslnitiaLty dismGsed hisideasas LookIm golngtocaltyoubackoK? HeUo? HelLo? UNIT5 RECORDING 7 A: FelLo,thankyou fo. phoningcasLlne.Youhavethreeoptions:ifyou wanttoenquireaboutnewGasProiucis,Press1. fyou haveanenquiry aboutan outstanding bitt,Press 2. Thankyouwete nowgoingtoconnectyouto oneof our saLes team. B: HeLLo, weLconeto CasLine.My namet Andy,howGn helpyou? yes,Im caUlng !eLLo, aboutmy biLL Haveyou got your clstomerreference number,ptease? Um...yeah,il s V290636K, oK,just g€tyour fiLeupon the screen. can ljust confnmyour name Today,at the beginning of the 21stcenturywe havemaneth€mosi €rtraordinary technologiGlaivances We have nventedthe aeroplane, tandedon the moon,inventedcompute6andihe wondwidewebaswetL piecesofrechnoLogy. ascountless otheramazing Floweverbizairely, we haven'tyerdiscov€red a cureforth€ commoncold.A scientlficbreak which throughhasrecenttybeenmadeat cambidgeUnive6itythough, meansthata curemaybefoun! ln the nextdecaleor sol ' r q 1 J p l a qal ^ P Hl s E U u o o t ' q o i v llnrlllear u,trn! srtu tua^ sEAl nolruprtlou'|qo r€ '3r34 rsst.qr a^PHarou auosoêq uoos ^rtunq.q rsnu no|p.!s !t .^,noI 'etl.8'qo :v 5 9NrCUOf3UL LtNn S ua q{ s n ! o ss p na q s a s n p r qs p u a l l l a o r a qo r l ] e ro t a u n i u p { l p r p q p e qa q sz ] P q r s^rz p , M o ql e a u I l u a o r s q l e s $ a n B s q r l a ouosMour u o ^ a r , uP Ps P u s l t I u j o a u ou P 3 u s P u s u l , s t u a r E ad q rl o s p e o' ts r $ n t {Ier.}lt Puear.!s,&.â sturuaSue,eraaoulo sPeot'a)ie) lo sparPunq a^6seue ssarPa^su.dx.-e3aue.tLl LltrMsPunod tosPuesnoqlPue sPuanoq]rso qluMl- laSnq^tornlosqe peqsPua4 û F ea] e arno z DNlcuoflu L llNn llnoqe ]PqMzuos3lsrqrBulnp s.routuP u.)iel nor.êH zl a u a o l r n o l u r a r e t d u . ) i s ta r Bs u . ^ a t e r u o l s r q r u e r r o l u , ( u e o ^rer H l{epor araq1.3 01no^ -iet tLP p SuotMoHor IepolptDAaqru rEnu lo arpl aqt a8ueqrqp'or p p âqrlPqa or - ot ll sea te!,\l lrr.ruor e u redua)lelraâno'(3^PH 5 P.lq.Pu |e rP 3M 3a rPql)turqrI sn'PUY PlP! {sM rqt u uaorS iFqlplrnon a n e qt i u P t n o a ) s n ud o du a q r r n o q r M ' q P { e P o r { r r n P u) s n u a q ru roraqloBrnof arlereaddeto sural ! arou ra]]P3lp1no^ oPoq,{ 3 r t . l S ua qt E s . ) u t s n l ur 3 q t - r t 3 q r r P $ : j u l q t q e P u e a n l r o a u n r 2lloar4no^Slrqlrsrlsqls,reqa auoq 3^!rEno^ u.it,r I 5 a t * a ge - e a u e uu e r f p o q & a ^ . 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Ih aa reql aâLFqoste5roloc iualdeqol eq] Fu MouP MEtepasseo ^tluo)arseqaPuassn a!1 leh oluossu P3UUaU P 1u3s3ÊqIh aMosro npa,(Iruanr urqrn rPrllaârtrqsFdr. rsor! 5 Audio script B: No, reatly.I couLdn t nana€eany more. Ar oK. Maybe Llfin!h tthen. 2 A A-/^"y^tle ^",âr.e Ohr IdsosoO BeUa ger B: oh, don tworry, satly.lcanwashlt wh€n gethome. A: t wasreallystupi!olme B: lt doesn'imatter.Thesethingshappen. 3 A: B: A: B: HiBeLLa. ftsbeenawh Lehasntit? How haveyoubeen? O h ,h l t h e r e .m f n e t h a n l sH o wa r e y o ! ? Oh,goodgood.Youknow,sameoLd $me oLd, so ...wow ...it! beena Longtime.when q4 the lasttime A: oh at that partyatJakes housetrhink. B: oh, thafs right.And how s everythinggoing?Youknow,job,home Ar Yes,everlthlng!fine,ihanls.we'vejust movedhouseand.. B: Thatmani5realtyannoyinel A: who,lames?My newboyfriend? B: ls heyour newboytiienn? oh sorry,l didnt realise.l hopeldidn t A: No,notat aLLNk laughsveryannoying. B : l a m e s L C o uytodu t u r ni t n o w na b i t ? 5 A: so, anyway,bytheiime loundoutwh€rehewaslwasgoingcrazy wlthworry.lmean,hes ioordlnarycat,asyou know He! got such a sweetPeronaL ty. Anlway... B; sally,sorryto interruptyoubul lthink there'ssomeoneat the A: oh, dont worry.I tLhold l'msureyouwanttoknowwhat h a p p e n ej ndt h e e n d L Bi weLLy€s, but knowyoure reauybusysoldonlwanttokeep you.Ill caltyou il I get a chancenextweek. A: Oh,oK Bettasure. l UNIT8 RECORDING 2 A iew lats berorethe creai Exhlolti." c"'. ** a* io ri",t, t*o mlL,n " Lades,claE Redwood andheriwenty-yeaFold dauehter Eleanorarlvedin the clq,on theirwaybackto London f.om ndia,wheretheywereescapng the larestoutbreak ol the pLague. Neitherwoman couldrpeakfruch French an! it wasverydifficulr to finda hoteLroom but aftersearching lor sometne theyeventuaUy managed to booktheLast rwo roomsavailable at oneofthe mosrfamoushotelsln Pars Afterarrivingatthe hotetbothwomens gnedrheregister, andwereshown upiotheir roons.Themotherwasgiven room342,a partj.uLady luxurols roomnecorate!with beautifuL .edvetveicurrans. Ahon lmmediately however, the motherfell iLLand they hadto caLlthe hoteLsdoctorHe€xamine!l'1tsRedwood carefuLly, the. calledthe hotel mana€sandspokeu€eitLyto himin French. Eleanor didnt undeEtand whattheyweresayingbut aftera lew minutes, the doctofexplainen in Englirhthat hecouLdntLeave MfsRedwood be.auseshewasioo iLl,$ he gaveEleanora prcsdipiionandaskedhe.to goandfetchrhe menicine her motherneede!,whlchwasavaiLabLe ontyat hissurgery onrheothersineof ThedocrorLentEteanor h s owncarlagero traveLln, bufthejourneywas trlstGtlngt sLow, andit wasfo!r hou6beforeEleanorfinaLLy returned with the nedlclne.sherushedinrothe hotelfoyerannasken the manager anxlously howhermorherwas. Themanagsdaredat herbLankly. Whatde youtatkingabouiManam h eea?s k e n . ' l [ n o w n o t h nygoouf r m o t h e f . Y o u arivedhereatone.Thehoteldocto.aGodeniedev€rme€tinghermother, annwhenEteanor insiied on seeingthehotelre8Cter, ontytheyoung wohant slgnature wa5there Eleanor hanagedto persuade theF ro takeherbackioroom342,but her motherhadvanished annihe roomwasempty,Evenmoremystero!st, the d€corations appeared to havebeeicompLetetrepLaed, andthe bsot flL redvetvetcunains haddisappea.ed gi{ rushedto the BrltishEmba$yto iell he.story,butofliclab ThedGtraught retused ro believeher Eleanor becameevermorefranti.wlthworry,ann whensheretu.n€dtoBritainshewasdecLared iisaneandputnamental hospitatNowever, rhegirLcontinued to insisrthaiha stdryw6 tlue,aid docto6neverfound anyoiherevinence thatshewasmenraLLy lU.Eventually shewasreleased but hermothers bodywa neverfound UNIT8 RECORDING 1 UNIT8 RECORDING 3 1 0ofishsleep?Ihe answersyes ..andno Fishdont .toseihen eyesand dreamllkehumanr,andromeoi them,suchassharkshaveto keepmoving or they dle.Butfsh do seemto belessactivephysicaLty andmenratty, at cenaintihesandthisseemsto performthe samefunctionassteepin so what is the explanation forihis strangedisappearance? Manyexperts in hGtoricat mysterles beLievethat MG Renwood mlghthavebroughrrhe backwithherfrom h!ia. ithi3 newshadbecomewideLy known, PLague itwould certainlyhaveruinedthe 6reat Exhbitioi,5o the hotelnanager mlShthaveconspired wirhthe do.torto keeptheteiriblenewia secfet. They.ertal.tynun haveconspired togetherin somewayor other. However, the BritishEmbassy Letthe youngwomandowndkgracefutty, theyshouLd havelnvenieated hersrorymorefllly at the veryteast.on the otherhann,sufelythe hoietstaffcan'thavedisposen of the bonyand fedecorated.oom 342 njust four houts?PedapsafterattEteanor was insaneandshemadeihewholestoryup.Butin th case,whaidldhappen tohermother,andwhywasshenevertra.edagain,deadoraLive? 2 why don'tpolarbears'feetfreeze? PoLar bearsareprobabLythe best insulated animakon lani. Theyhaveaboutl0 cm of fat beneathrheirthick fur.Theirfeetarecoveredin furtoo asw€LLas a thicklaye.ofdeads[in whichProte.tsrhemwhentheycomeinto contactwiththe ice.Thats why 3 c a na t o u d 5 0 h dk i L L y o u Y?e si,t . a n .s o u n db e c o m epsa i n l u l a t a r o u n d 130neclbek- alet enginearound20 or 30 metresawaymakesthis kind ot sounn.At aroun!120lecibelsyour eardrums burstanna sounnoJ200 decibels wiLtprobabty k LLyou. c a n h u m a n s c a t c h d k e a s e s f r o m pH Lu an a t sn?s c a i ' i c a r c h d i s e a s e s causedby virusesor bacteriaifom plantshoweverthey canhavean aLLergic reactontothen. tvery summerniLLions of peoplesulferfrom hayrever andthis k causedby plants. 5 Why do chiulpeppers tastehot?Theytastehor because ofa chemicat in them calledcapsaicin This.hemicaL trlcksyour bodyinto thinkingir is beingburned, evenwhenit isa.tuaLLy nor.Thecapsici doerrhaim you Itk atLinyourmiid. Because q!allties,capsacini ure! by oJirs unusual the pollc€in somecounfiiesin a speciat form ca[enpepperspray.lt.auses tenPorarybtindne$but doesnt do anylong,termdamage UNIT8 RECORDING 6 Twenty-flve yeatsagoyou couldn'tsendemaitsandtexts.so nowyou cancontactsomebody reallyurgentlyannget a qulckresponse, but iwenq,JiveyeaEagoyou couLnn t. S o m e t h i n cgo u t d o t h e nt h a il c a n s t i U d o n o iws s p e a k l t a l i a wne. livedin Mitanfor fouryeaEwhenlwar youngann becamefluentthen Well, m the morherofum teenagech Ldren annsofrethingldldnt havetodotenyea6ago,which havetodo nowissupedisechiLdren s homeworkandlhus! sayirt on€ofthe mostifustratngtasks could Yeste.dayalworkhadtoulkto somebody becausethe.e'd beena cofrplaintaboutthem. !idn'twantto doir becausereallyllkethai pe6on,but,wett it s partor mylob,so hadto do it. 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Eoodwitha camera,woutdrecommend Now irl muchmoreti[e a d alogueEveryan]cLehasrea.l.r.omment No actually cando borholthosethings. beLowlt, ev.ry .oncertisrevlewed aid discu$edonrwliier WelL t h a is g o o d. . .m m m . Y o uk n o w w h al tw o u l d a d v i s lew?o u l d ' ggFr' o madeusall moresepaGte Unfo.tunately,lthinkthe lnternet hasalso ' t n e e l e d j o r o i a o J " . r " l s o g e , " " C " /o. andLnenlngtodlfferentthings from eachothe..we re all watchinC showingpeopleroundhouses. A Lotof enateagenrshaveextrastatr just forthe weekend, YoungaduLtsnawprobably!ontevenrem.mbertherimewhen becusetheyre so busythen. thinkthatwooLn andthentalkedabout everyone watchedthe sameth nc on relevGion bereallyuseful,thai wayyou canseewhetheryou.eaUyLkeit and tthe ne!!day at workor college.n l9a6thetoP ratedTVrhowl. obvously t wouldgiveyoua b i or experience. rhe UKgot30 mlLLonvleweEthafs halfthe populauon.rwenry Thatr a reallygoonldea,lhadnlthoughrof ihat.Thankyou.How do file yea6 Laterihetop ratedshow8ot le$ ihan haLrthai nlmber y o ut h i n kl s h o u l da p p t ? anymore.We As a so. ety wejust ion t shde the sameerperienc€s lf wer€you,I d just wriie to aUthe esiateagenfsln rhe areaw th war.h andLnento dfferentlhl.gs. your cv, ieLLingthem a b t aboutyourselfandwhatyou wantto do, P : o K i h a n k sM o nc a ,a n d i h a n kDsa m i afno r r h a t q u e s t i owne v e g o i you'Uf ndsomethng. l'msureif youiry hardenough, youradvl.e. !o moveoi, we'veontygotlime lor onemorequestion,lihnk,wh.h appreciate Thai3grealthankyou,I reaLLy k fram Lisaln Eilnburgh andgoonluck,ihopeyouf ndsomethng J i YoureweLcome U N I T1 OR E C O R D I N1G P = P r e s e n t e lr' 4= M o n i c a E = E w a n F = F r e d H = H a n n a hD = D a m i e nL " L i s a 3 leveokn c a P: Andnowii!tlheforQu'zrheFrped.ourexpertthisw o reo u r l i s t e n esbh er i a s L L bfea m i L i a r t o r o m J e s s oM p .o n i c a w workedata numberoftopuK unvetrities. Coodio haveyouon the programme l"lonlca. P: so I'lonca,ourfnn questloncomesfrom a callern southwales P: Whats yourluenion foroufexpert,Ewan? E; O(,well, a questionve atwayswantedto a5k s:whoactualty M: Hi Lisa.Whai s your question? L: weLL,you mentioned newspapebeaier Theytehavnea frardtme ofthings.wittwe stlllreadne$pape6 ntherulure? nihe Lart M: Mostcountrles have5een a dfop n newspapercir.uLatlon tewyeaG particuLarly broansheeir. Theytef nd nglt nuch riarderio s o t u i v e a nnda n y h a v e g o n e o u tbo6f n s s . f s n o t j 6 t i h e t o $ o r makeaLmost 90% ol readersthatisa problem.lnrhe us newspapeG theirmoneyfrom anvertislng. when cncuhtiondfoF, fewetPeoPle wantto advertkein the newspaper andtheywont payasm!.h io io talklo you andtlia.ks P: oK thanksl'4onca FarcinatngasaLways for takingpan li Qdn!/leErparr.Now it s ume for travelnewr cary, U N I T1 OR E C O R D I N4 G 1 Theweath€rfore.ansaidiiwasgoingto be nicetoday. l'4:wettEwan,theslmple answe.is:ltdepennsn sofre.ounirie5 2 Thepoti.eofficerroldusrherewasnoih ngto worryabout. the government .ontroGthe meda.In othercolntres it s Prvare 3 our tea.hersaldlhe testwasBo ng!o beeasy individuals orcompanieswho ownii.Whatwe caltmassmedla 4 cLareroLd me shewasstayingin tonight iowadaysaLsoincLudesihe nternetandyou.ouLdarguerhatwe s J o i n i e s a i d t hdeo n e y w a rh i s a L L o w i t h a t b e . a u s e w e c a n a l l s e t o p a w eHboswi ieev ei hf e r e a r e 6 s h e 5 a iidh e c o u t d nal l f o r d r o c o moeu rf o r a m e a L w i tuh, .ertalntysomeverytargemediacorporato.s rhd own andcontroLa l o i o f w h a tw e s o ea n dh e a r .n t h e U S a r o u n d z 5 y e a c a 8 o t h e r e w - " r e 7 Rl.ksaidhewouldbehomeearly. 3 Alextoldme she'dpassen theexam 5 0 m a j o r m e d l a c o r p o r a iN i oonws t h e r e a r e j u s t s l x , P: Doesthal answeryourquenionEwanl E : Y e s . .l.i h i n k i t d o e s , t h a n k s . P: crear stuff.Nowonto Fredfron Bristol. Fr Thank5 Doug.l'lonica,m !nterestednyourop nion.Doesthetreda _ oh" "o[.t vh. . . " d o l d s e . oo a ^ 3 ( - o . l d . n i \ " refle.twhatwethinl or doesth. media.ontroLwhatwe think?L . r8e J Lo.h"nee.-e shapeol "" 10 . 'hou8 o onao. e o' d' mean,you knou io wejusi rh nk abourihe thingsthat the meda girlsschooLhas thar peerpre$ureto look bullie,iherabourt, sheJeels wantsusto rhinkabout? aitra.tlveis veryiirong a.n shesaysthe issues affectinghefselr-esteem M: Ah,lheeternalquesuon, Fred t usedto besaidthal the mon annma[ingherdepre$ed.t is MissK s ambtionto becomea corporate powerfulpe6oninthecounrrywasthenewipaperenltorbe.ause LawlerandshebeLleves tharhernosewiLl aGoaffed hercar€erprospects. he,andiiatwayswasa he decdedwhatwentonthetronr page parenrs HerweaLthy don'tbeLlevethai hefnoser sucha serousprobLem andsodecidedwhaiwaiimportantandwhatwasnt. Howeverthe i5at least21,asshemayteeL annfeeliharsheshouLd waituntiL5he internethashadan impa.t Now,anyone.an(eare newsWth the ror theyhavesaidrhartheywiLLPay differenny aboutft byrhen.However, .amerain ouf rmartphanes we .an re.orda h gh def nitionvideoor ihe 5ureery lf doc.o6aereethat t is in theirdaughtersbestlnterests. an eveni uploanit to ihe lnrernetandheypresto,peopleattoverrhe w o r L cda n s e eB. i g m e d icao r p o r a t o n s abreei n g c u t o ust i.t e sL k e A sir-yeaFold boy s, hasbeendiagnosed by doctorswith atbnr on defict gLobaLvoicesonLlne orgarebringnBthenewsdire.tlyrromihe people have dkorder(ADHD)andprescriben a newdrugwhichhewitLprobabLy . ^ ' o d e e p e e n . e I i l s i d e^ a 7 o - e s ' o d p a s o i o - . ^ e ro ta[e untitheGan adutrThedrugis noi tholghi to teadto dependeicy, to your questionwhiLethe melia doesstill contol whatwe thinkto but the lonetermeffectsarenot fuLLy know. llis mother,whois seParated someextenr,peopLe afenowabLetoure the medlato retLe.twriai is keento try fromhisfatherandwhoha5custodyoflhe rihreechiLdren, hk Llfebothat schootann the drug.Shesayshisprobtemr bantyaffectine P That! a fascinaring iiea. mustche.kitout Thanksforthat atrchooL, k alreanyfaLLng behindotherchlldren ai home.He s,iistracred q u e s u oFnr e i . 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