МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ ОМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Рекомендовано к изданию ученым советом факультета иностранных языков ОмГУ Рецензент – доц. Т.П. Руденко Методические указания по работе с темой “Clothes and Fashions” (для студентов гуманитарных специальностей, изучающих английский язык) / Сост. С.А. Дедова, Н.Н. Головина. – Омск: Омск. госуниверситет, 2003. – 108 с. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ПО РАБОТЕ С ТЕМОЙ “CLOTHES AND FASHIONS” (для студентов гуманитарных специальностей, изучающих английский язык) Издание ОмГУ Методические указания подготовлены к занятиям по курсу “Практика устной речи” для студентов разных уровней языковой подготовки (среднего и продвинутого). Материал упражнений составлен на основе широкого круга русских и зарубежных источников. Для студентов гуманитарных специальностей, изучающих русский язык. © Омский госуниверситет, 2003 Омск 2003 2 CONTENTS I. WARMING-UP.......................................................................................... 5 II. VOCABULARY DRILLS ........................................................................ 7 III. READING.............................................................................................. 29 IV. PARTICIPATION DRILLS .................................................................. 50 V. LISTENING............................................................................................ 57 VI. TOPICAL VOCABULARY.................................................................. 62 VII. ACTIVITIES FOR READING AND DISCUSSION .......................... 65 VIII. PICTURES........................................................................................ 102 3 ВВЕДЕНИЕ Пособие является комплексом, систематизирующим материал по основным языковым параметрам и видам речевой деятельности и включающим: 1) комплекс коммуникативных упражнений, направленных на активизацию языкового материала (Warming-Up; Vocabulary Drills); 2) тексты и задания к ним для углубления коммуникативной компетенции студентов в рамках темы, а также развития навыков различных видов чтения (Reading); 3) речевые задания, совершенствующие умения и навыки монологической и диалогической речи (Participation Drills); 4) задания для развития навыков аудирования (Listening); 5) тематический словарь, представленный в виде лексикосемантических групп слов (Topical Vocabulary); 6) тексты для обсуждения и задания для проектных работ студентов, обеспечивающие деятельностный характер иноязычного общения (Activities); 7) комплекс картинок, необходимых для выполнения речевых заданий (Pictures). Все задания тематически выдержаны, что способствует более глубокому и всестороннему усвоению темы. 4 I. WARMING-UP A Read and answer the questions. Then discuss your answers with your partner. Section I. 1. Do you like shopping for clothes? 2. What style of clothing do you prefer? 3. When are you usually dressed up? 4. Have you got your own style of clothing? 5. Are you interested in the latest fashion? 6. What kind of clothes do you generally wear to work / to go out with your friends/ around the house at weekends? 7. Do you have a piece of clothing that you particularly like wearing? B Read the following proverbs and try to find Russian equivalents. Say in what situations you can use them. 1. Clothes do not make a man. 2. Good clothes open all doors. 3. It’s not the gay coat that makes a gentleman. 4. You can’t always judge by looks. 5. All that glitters is not gold. Section II. Colour 1. Which colours suit /don’t suit you? Why? 2. Are there colours which suit women better than men, and vice versa? 3. Are there colours which suit older people better than younger people, and vice versa? 4. When you buy a new item of clothing, do you buy other items to match (e.g. a blouse to go with a skirt)? Section III. Buying clothes 1. Do you buy clothes on impulse? Why / why not? 2. Do you prefer shopping on your own or with someone else? 3. What do you think of window shopping? 4. Do you often buy clothes that don’t really suit you or don’t really fit you? If so, why? Sections IV. Associations. 1. Are there particular clothes you wear for weddings or funerals, (on other special occasions)? 2. Do you associate certain clothes with people from particular countries? If so, what? 3. Do you associate your friends with particular items of clothes? 4. Do you care what clothes other people wear? 5 6 II. VOCABULARY DRILLS Language Functions I. “Complimenting”. Complimenting Responding to compliments Formal - You look nice / smart. - It’s nice / kind of you to say so. - You are so… - I wouldn’t say that… - You are such a … - Oh, I don’t think I’m better than anybody else. - You’ve got a lovely/ nice … Yes, I’m quite / rather… - I wish I’d got a … like yours. I’m pleased with it myself. Neutral - That’s / what a wonderful / lovely - You’re … too yourself. … you are wearing. - You do look nice / smart in… - Do you really like it? - I do like your… - I’m glad you like it. Informal - You are great! - Am I? You are … yourself. - You did very well! - Did I? - What a nice-looking … - Do you like it? It’s not bad, isn’t it? - You are looking good / smart / - I’m glad to hear that. dishy. - It really suits you. - Does it? Illustrative dialogues: a) – Hi! You look great! Thank you, Ted. b) – I like your tie. Is it new? Yes. Glad you like it. I got it for my birthday. c) – That’s a very nice blazer you are wearing. – Does it suit me? – Yes, and it goes well with your new shirt, too. 7 1. Listen to the dialogues and fill in the gaps. I. – What a nice ___________! – Does it look all right? – Yes, and it ________your scarf ________. – I got it for £ 28.50 in a sale. – It’s _________! II. – You’re ______________ in that new jacket. – Does it ________? – Yes, and I like the colour, too. – You know I only paid £ _________. – You got a bargain there. III. – That’s a very nice ______________. – Do you really like it? – Yes, it ____________with your new pullover, too. – You’ll never believe it, but it only ____________. – Very reasonable indeed. Drills. 1. Example: I say, those’re very nice-looking gloves you’ve got on. 1. …. smart ……. 2. … …. shoes …. 3. …………you’re wearing. 4. ……that’s a …..jacket… 5. ……elegant……….. 2. Example: Your umbrella matches your raincoat marvelously. 1. …jumper …trousers beautifully. 2. ….gloves …..handbag perfectly. 3. ….slacks …..cardigan fabulously. 4. ….belt…….scarf superbly. 5. ….socks….sandals exactly. 3. Example: Do you think this blouse really suits me? – Of course, it does. It goes well with your scarf, too. 1. ….pullover….? – ….trousers…. 2. ….shirt…..? – ….tie….. 3. …..hat……? – ….handbag….. Listen to the conversations again, and then act them out. 8 2. Compliment your friend on the points listed below. 1. He/she follows fashion and always looks well. 2. She bought a nice evening dress. It shows her to great advantage. 3. He/she changed his/her hair style. 2. – Is anybody looking after you? – No. I’m after a size 42 V-neck pullover in blue. – The best I can do is a 36. – Could you order me one? – I should imagine so, yes. If you leave your phone number, I’ll contact you. Language Functions II. “Buying Clothes”. Customer Assistant – What size do you take?/ What size are you? – You are a size … – I’d like a… – Size …, I think./ I don’t know what size to get. – Could you show me that lovely dress, size …? – Can I try it on? 3. – Are you being attended to? – No. I’m trying to find a navy blue jacket, size 46. – I can do the size, but not the colour. – Do you think you could get one for me? – Yes, of course. Look in again Monday week. – We don’t have that one in your size. – It fits you perfectly, exactly your size. / The suit is a perfect fit. – Blue suits all sold out. Why don’t you try this dark gray one? – It’s too bright for me. Yellow doesn’t really suit me. Have you got anything in blue? Illustrative Dialogue. – Can I help you? – Yes, I like this navy-blue jacket. Can I try it on? – Yes, the fitting room is over there. – Oh, it suits me very well, doesn’t it? – That’s a really nice jacket. Pure wool, a modern fashion. – How much is it? – £55. English clothes are really good value. – All right. I can afford the price. 1. Listen to the dialogues and correct the false information if there is any. 1. – Are you being served? – No. What have you got in the way of yellow suede trousers, size 42? – Sorry, but we’re sold right out. – Are you likely to be getting any more in? – I should think so, yes. If you leave your address, I’ll call on you. 9 4. – Are you being seen to? – No. I’m looking for a tartan suit with a 40 waist. – I’m afraid I can’t help you at the moment. – Will you be having any more in? – I doubt it, but you might be lucky at our High Avenue branch. Drills. 1. Example: I’m trying to find a navy blue raincoat in size 42. 1. ….blazer ….. 4. ……. pullover …… 2. …………..38. 5. I’m after ………. 3. I’m looking for …… 2. Example: What have you got in the way of white nylon shirts? – Nothing in nylon at the moment, I’m afraid. 1. …. brown suede shoes? – ….. suede …… 2. ……plain silk ties? – …. Silk…. 3. ……black double-breasted jackets? – ….double-breasted….. 4. ……light-weight navy blue blazer? – ….navy….. Listen to the dialogues again and act them out. 2. Ask questions so that the sentences given below were the answers to them. 1. No, I can’t afford this dress. It’s too expensive. 2. I buy a pair of flat-heeled shoes for everyday wear. 3. This blouse costs 20 dollars. 10 4. I’m sorry but we have these dresses only in red. 5. I want to buy high boots to match my brown handbag. Language functions III. “Likes and Dislikes” Asking about likes Expressing likes – Don’t you find it – I’m really very fond of nice/great? it. – Do / don’t you like – Yes, very much indeed. …? I like / do like … – How do you like…? – Do you fancy…? – I like it very much / a lot. – It’s really great! I’m absolutely wild/crazy about it (mad on / about it). Expressing dislikes – I (rather) dislike …/ I can’t say I do. – I’m afraid. I don’t really / quite / particularly like… – Not at all. I don’t care for it. I’ve never liked… – No, I don’t like…/ I can’t stand…/ I hate… Listen to the dialogue and be ready to act it out. – I say, I like your new raincoat. – Is it a good fit? – Yes, it looks fabulous. – It only cost me £29. – Well, that was very good value. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences and extend them. Example: What do you think of my new raincoat? – It looks fabulous. 1. … … suit? – … … very smart. 2. … … tie? – … … great. 3. … … shoes? – … … very nice. 4. … … jacket? – … … marvelous. 5. … … skirt? – … … gorgeous. Replace these formal phrases with less formal ones. 1. I don’t really like scruffy clothes, either. 2. Personally I think lowheeled shoes don’t go well with your evening dress. 3. Well, to be honest, I find that she is overdressed. Replace the informal phrases with more formal ones. 1. I can’t stand tight clothes. 2. How about this lace scarf? 3. Oh! I’m absolutely mad about this cool hat! 11 Exercises 1. Paraphrase the sentences. You may use the prompts from the box. 1. Barbara’s clothes are always up-to-date, in other words she… 2. These clothes ٭are not expensive, they are… 3. The pajamas are usually not tight, they are … 4. The skirt and the top go well together, so they are… 5. Silk and satin are not “in” this year, it means that these materials are not… 6. You see a lot of skirts and blouses this year. This means that they are… a) slim-fitting c) is dressed in the latest fashion e) suitable for this year’s fashion ٭Compare: American English outfit vest pants undershirt undershorts/ underwear b) reasonably priced d) in fashion f) matching British English clothes waistcoat trousers vest pants 2. Match the nouns in A with the proper adjectives in B, then add as many other adjectives to the nouns as you can. A B 1. pullover a) high-heeled 2. shoes b) short-sleeved 3. taste c) V-necked 4. skirt d) striped 5. design e) corduroy 6. shirt f) modern 7. trousers g) sophisticated 3. Here are some words used to describe materials which clothes are often made of. These words can be either nouns or adjectives. Silk Cotton Velvet Corduroy Denim Leather Wool / Woolen Suede 12 Match the materials with the item which they are most likely to be associated with. Jacket Frilled dress Sabot Tennis shoe Cravat Trousers Trench-coat Ribbon T-shirt Suit 4. Here are some adjectives used to describe the patterns on materials. Describe the clothes you are wearing using the words. Striped Flowery Polka-dotted Pin-striped Checked Tartan Spotted Plain 5. Combine the adjectives in the proper order before a noun. Remember that when describing people’s clothes the following order of adjectives is generally correct: Quality + size + shape + colour + material 1. She wore a (velvet, red, tight-fitting) dress. 2. I’m looking for a (silk, white, elegant, large) blouse. 3. She wore a jacket with (gold, big, round) buttons. 4. He bought a (fashionable, long, woolen, red) scarf. 5. I like this (long-sleeved, woolen, black) sweater. 6. Complete the sentences with the verbs match, suit, fit, go with. But first study the difference. If something is not too big and not too small for a person or other thing, it fits: A size 12 dress should fit. You can’t put those shelves in there, they won’t fit. If clothes or other personal things are right style, colour, etc. for someone, you say they suit them: Casual clothes really don’t suit her. A green dress won’t suit me. If things are almost the same in some way and look good together, they match: This handbag matches my shoes. If things look alright together in style, colour, etc., they go the green shoes. These high-heeled shoes and this silk evening dress go particularly well together. • The blue dress …………her properly now she’s lost some weight. • The blue of her dress ………..the blue of her eyes. • The blue dress ……….. the girl with the blond hair. • Your new shirt ………your skirt. • Red usually doesn’t ……… people with ginger hair. • Her black bag ……….. her shoes. • Those shoes don’t ……….. the boy any more. He’s grown out of them. 7. Note the use of the verbs wear, be dressed, and have (got)… on in the following examples. Then look at the pictures and answer the questions. • • • • Diana is wearing a blue dress. Diana is dressed in blue. Diana has (got) a blue dress on. She’s carrying an umbrella. But: She’s wearing glasses/ a watch/ gloves/ perfume/ lipstick. 1. Is the clerk wearing … A a suit? B a shirt? C a dress? 2. Is he dressed … A in gray? B to play tennis? C to go to the office? 3. Has he got … A a jacket? B glasses? C a hat on? 4. Is the tennis-player wearing … A a T-shirt? B a watch? 5. Is he dressed … A in white? B to work in the garden? C to play tennis? 6. Has he got … A his gloves? C a watch on? B a headband? together or go with each other: The red dress doesn’t go with 13 C trousers? 14 7. Is he carrying … A an umbrella? B a tennis-racket? C a tennis-ball? 10. They won’t let you into the restaurant without a ………. a) cravat b) tie c) umbrella 11. These are the …….. I work in. a) clothing b) cloth c) clothes 12. Your collar looks tight. Why don’t you ……. your tie? a) loose b) lose c) loosen 13. It was so early in the morning that she answered the door bell in a ……. a) dressing-gown b) robe c) dress 8. Supply the best word or words. 1. How long does it take you to ……. in the morning? a) get dressed b) dress up c) dress yourself 2. You can’t go to the interview ………. jeans and an old jacket! a) dressed with b) dressed in c) dressed up 3. Just a minute! I must have a shower and …….. clothes before we go out. a) change b) exchange c) choose 4. You’d better …… your coat before you go out into the cold. a) wear b) dress in c) have on d) put on 5. ……… that blue dress to see if it suits you. a) test b) try on c) probe 6. I can’t go out in this shirt. I’ve ……. all day. a) dressed in it b) had it on c) got dressed in it 7. I can’t go out in this shirt. I’ve ……. all day. a) dressed in it b) had it on c) got dressed in it 8. The doctor asked me to …….. my shirt. a) put off b) take off c) take out 9. We got John a new ……… for his job interview. a) costume b) suit c) suite 15 9. Which items could be worn together, and which items would look horrible together? Discuss with a partner, using the phrases in bold. The (bright red silk blouse) would go well with the (red suede shoes). The …….wouldn’t go very well with the…….. The …….and the …… would look good/ nice/ strange/ horrible together. The ……. and the ……. would clash. 10. Translate into English. 1. Эта шляпа тебе к лицу. 2. Кристина всегда хорошо и со вкусом одевается. 3. Она одета по последней моде, на ней узкое короткое платье, популярное в этом сезоне. 4. У меня нет юбки, которая подходила бы к новой блузке. 5. Мне не нравится ни покрой, ни цвет этого платья. 6. Моя подруга купила шерстяную юбку. Она практична и пригодна для повседневной носки. Надеюсь, она будет хорошо носиться. 7. Мальчик быстро разделся, бросив всю свою одежду на пол. 8. Можно мне примерить те черные туфли на витрине? 9. Анна сняла туфли и надела тапочки. 10. Красное обычно не идет людям с рыжими волосами. 11. Мне надо починить сапоги. 12. Она надела пальто и вышла из дому. 13. Мать быстро одела ребенка. 14. В 1941 году в Англии была запрещена плиссировка, накладные карманы, манжеты согласно системе норм на расходы материи. 15. После Первой мировой войны появились провокационные новинки Коко Шанель для дам: не только брюки, но и мужские блейзеры, сорочки, галстуки и даже запонки. 16 11. Read the following text and notice how the underlined words are used. Then complete the table below. As it was his first meeting with Julie’s parents, George thought quite hard about what he was going to wear. When going out with friends he normally dressed quite casually, Sunday lunch with strangers was different. Twelve o’clock – definitely time to get dressed. George put on a clean shirt and tried on the jeans he had bought the day before. They fitted him well, but they looked too new. He took them off and put on his dark green trousers. He would wear these and his leather jacket – and maybe a tie. But that didn’t look right either – green just didn’t suit him. Oh, God, why was he so vain…? He undressed and started again. dress fit get dressed get undressed put on try on suit take off undress wear Transitive Intransitive + + + + Human subject + – Inanimate subject – + 13. Can you find synonyms and opposites for the words in the table? Synonym Opposite Stylish Casual Lightweight Simple Beautifully styled Flattering Alluring 14. Complete the following exchanges with appropriate synonyms or opposites. Do not repeat a word that has already been used. a. A: Maria likes fashionable clothes, doesn’t she? B: Yes, she dresses in a very _________ way. b. C: Is this jacket suitable for normal occasions? D: I think it’s more appropriate for ________ wear, don’t you? c. E: I was surprised how untidily dressed that applicant for the job was. F: Yes, he was rather ___________, wasn’t he? – – d. G: You are looking terribly elegant this evening. H: Thank you. My new suit is quite ______, isn’t it? e. 12. Complete the following sentences. • Julie usually dresses… • She got dressed… • She put on…fitted… • She wore… • She tried on…didn’t suit… • She took off… • She undressed… I: That’s a very sexy dress Gloria’s got on. J: Yes, she looks ___________. It doesn’t leave much to the imagination, does it? 15. Look at the pictures and at the clothes the people in them are wearing. (Use the supplementary materials) Decide which clothes, in your opinion, are: a) the most attractive b) the most unusual c) the most comfortable and convenient d) the most formal Discuss your choices with a partner. 17 18 16. Which of these items of clothing are being worn in the pictures (ex.15)? trousers T-shirt tie vest blouse cardigan nightdress bra dress leotard boots sweater raincoat leather jacket shorts dinner jacket waistcoat anorak overcoat boxer shorts fur coat tights tracksuit tennis shoes knickers/ panties dressing gown sweatshirts pants suit jeans pajamas skirt socks bow tie sari shawl shoes scarf stockings 17. Complete the following table to indicate how or when the items of clothing in the box in exercise 16 are normally worn. on the top half of the body only: on the bottom half of the body only: on the top and the bottom halves of the body: as underwear: on the feet or legs: in bed: round the neck or on the head: when the weather is cold: In your country, which of these items of clothing are: a) usually only worn by women b) usually only worn by men c) worn only on informal occasions d) never worn by anyone Which other items are commonly worn? Are there English words for them? 19 18. What would you wear in the circumstances outlined in the table? Discuss your choice with a partner. Weekday Weekend temp: 12 deg, cloudy temp: 25 deg, raining temp: 20 deg, sunny temp: -4 deg, snowing for an evening party 19. Look at the expressions in italics. Match them with the phrases in the box below. talking rubbish smartest clothes special smart clothes don’t get over-excited be in charge look gentler than you are make an effort get upset very smartly dressed in the same situation a) If I were in your shoes, I’d ask for a divorce. b) David used to beat me at tennis regularly, but the boot’s on the other foot now. c) You’re going to fail the exam if you don’t pull your socks up. d) Hurry up, for God’s sake. We’re going to be late! – O.K., O.K. Keep your shirt on. e) Well, you know who wears the trousers in that household, don’t you? It’s certainly not Mr Thatcher. f) I know Clarissa’s arguments are very persuasive, but I think she’s talking through her hat herself. g) Don’t be fooled by her friendly manner. She’s a wolf in sheep’s clothing. h) Why are you all dressed up to the nines? Well, you said I should wear my Sunday best. Anyway, look at Mandy: she’s dressed to kill. 20 i) Oh, Fred, what on earth am I going to do? Look, there’s no need to get your knickers in a twist. Everything’s going to be all right. 20. Test your idioms. Choose the correct word in the expressions below and say what you think the expressions mean. 1. Don’t be shirty with / into / across me, I was only trying to help. 2. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to offend you. It was just an up / off / around the cuff remark. 3. If you want to pass that exam, you’ll have to buckle over / down /round to work very soon. 4. It’s so obvious when Clair’s in love – she wears her heart under / by / on her sleeve. 5. We’re saving up to go on holiday so we’ll have to tighten / loosen / forget our belts for a while. 6. I haven’t seen Bill around for a while – do you think he’s been wearing / given / missing the boot? 7. Sorry I’m late. My boss collared / belted / zipped me after work and I couldn’t get away. 8. I’m afraid I’ve run out of ideas – let’s ask John. He’s usually got something beside / between / up his sleeve. 21. Match the expressions to these definitions: • to behave in a way that makes your feelings obvious • to spend less money • to stop smb and make them listen to you • to have an idea or a plan • to say smth without thinking about it first • to get rid of smb • to start working seriously • to behave in a bad-tempered and rude way Think of something that happened to you recently. Use one of the expressions and tell your partner about it. 21 22. Explain what is meant by these sentences. 1. The sisters would almost always be dressed in white from crown to toe. 2. She looked bulkier than ever. 3. She was being laced up the back in her tight-fitting gown. 4. Johnny badly needed a new jacket, his old one was out at the elbows. 5. He zipped the fur lining in. 6. Joseph eased the leather house slipper off one foot with the toe of the other. 7. It made a faint rustle as she strolled about the room. 23. Use these common idiomatic phrases in a natural context. First make sure that you know what they mean. 1. to be dressed up to the nines; 2.to fit like a glove; 3.over shoes, over boots; 4.to bet one’s shirt; 5.to know best where the shoe pinches; 6.to be in smb’s shoes; 7.to put the boot on the right foot; 8.to go down in one’s boots; 9.to touch one’s hat to smb. 23. a) Read the extracts, try to understand the meaning of unknown words from the context. b) Use the underlined word-combinations in the situations/ dialogues of your own. • With them was a thin grey-haired woman in a fur-trimmed black suit. (R. Goulart) • The girl was wearing a striped open blouse and a wide skirt with big leather belt and a bright brass buckle. She wore low shoes and black knee socks. (J. Baldwin) • Her clothing, whether she was wearing a skirt or pants, was always neat and carefully selected to look best wither slightly tanned skin and tawny hair. (E. Goldwell) • He was slipping a woolen pullover sweater on when the knock sounded, the door opened… He stood staring foolishly, one arm through one sleeve, the other arm halfway the other sleeve, his face and head emerging from the neck of the sweater. (A. Fairbairn) 22 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • He wore a fur-lined overcoat with broad astrakhan lapels and a silk hat. (E. Waugh) The sweater was high in the neck for warmth, with long sleeves. It fitted perfectly, long and snug around the hips with a cuff that could be turned up waist high if he wanted it that way, snug at the wrists, shoulders and neck easy and right. (A. Fairbairn) He wore one of those sports costumes called ensembles in the men’s shop advertisements, shirt and trousers matching. (W. Faulkner) But he stood, eventually, his trousers hanging a little baggily over his shoes, and drew the booklet from his inside pocket. (J. Hunter) The cuffs of his sleeves were frayed to the lining and the dark suit was badly fitted. (B. Malamud) He wore stained and shapeless grey flannel trousers, a broad leather belt round his narrow waist, and an open-necked blue shirt that echoed his bright eyes. (M. Dickens) Michael unbuttoned his coat and let it flop around him in the mild wind. (I. Show) He was always dressed in conservative dark suits, starched white shirts, black shoes, and a maroon bow tie. He had dozens of bow ties in various widths and length, but every one of them was of some shade of maroon. (E. Caldwell) Betty was wearing black velvet slacks, a colorful tight sweater, and flatheeled white shoes. (E. Caldwell) She was wearing a head square of white silk tied under her chin and the free corners flipped as she moved. (W. Golding) She was dressed in the height of style, her shoulders padded, her hat tilted over one eye. (C.P. Snow) She went shopping at Bendel’s, where she bought a short, dark green chiffon dress that matched her eyes, a pair of slender brown pumps and a matching purse. (S.Sheldon) She had gotten a run in her stocking when she broke the heal of her shoe, and had had to change clothes. (S.Sheldon) Even for a tourist, his dress was hysterical. Dark sunglasses with yellow frames, brown straw sandals, obviously brand-new, with black socks, a tight Hawaiian luau shirt with so loud colors and a pair of gold gym shorts 23 that were very old and very short and covered little of the shiny, sickly white legs under the table. (J. Grisham) • In a rest room on the first floor she changed into khaki walking shorts, Bass loafers and a navy knit pullover. It was a cool outfit, a little out of season, but she was headed for warmer weather. She pulled her shoulderlength hair into a pony tail and forced it under her collar. She changed sunglasses and stuffed the dress, heels and panty hose into a canval gym bag. (J. Grisham) c) Translate the sentences into Russian in a literary form. d) Use your translations into Russian for back translation. Work in pairs. 24. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Когда Ирина подошла к примерочной, она увидела, что ее подруга примеряет нарядное платье. 2. Не советуй ей покупать эту блузку. Она не идет ей. 3. Вчера я купила замшевые перчатки. Они тесны мне. Если хотите, я могу отдать их вам. – Спасибо. Я возьму их с удовольствием, если подойдет размер. 4. Мне нужно купить чулки, носки и красный кожаный ремешок для моего нового платья. 5. Летом я предпочитаю носить платья из ситца. В них не так жарко, как в шелковых. 6. Помоги мне выбрать туфли. – Примерь те коричневые. Мне кажется, что они подойдут к твоему зеленому костюму. 7. Послушайте моего совета, не берите это пальто. Оно уже не модно. То, серое, гораздо лучше. Я уверена, что оно будет хорошо сидеть на вас. Пройдите в примерочную. – О, пальто действительно изумительное. 25. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Девочка была очень бедно одета: платье её было выпущено до последнего предела, и подол был обтрёпан; боковые швы были расставлены кусочками ткани, не подходившими по цвету. Было видно, что парусиновые туфли ей малы и жмут, а из левой туфли вылез палец. Мисс Браун почувствовала угрызения совести, что она до сих пор не 24 справилась о судьбе бедной сироты. 2. Если вы ещё не умеете вязать, спешите научиться! Всё, что вам нужно иметь – это спицы и немного шерсти. Практикуйтесь для начала на кусочках шерсти (scraps of yarn), пока не научитесь вязать петли (to do stitches) без напряжения. Если спустите петлю, спокойно поднимите её. 3. У неё удивительное чувство стиля, не правда ли? Всё, что она носит, имеет очень простой покрой, но очень ей идёт. – Да, действительно, у неё своеобразный талант одеваться. 4. Вид его привёл всех в ужас. Кто бы мог подумать, что этот человек в грязной рубашке, со съехавшим набок галстуком и обвисшими брюками был когда-то известным художником. 26. Translate the following sentences into English. Note: These words may give difficulty when translated from Russian: • экстравагантный, бросающийся в глаза – conspicuous (extravagant: 1. расточительный; 2. сумасбродный, нелепый) • быть модным – (of people) to be up with the fashion, to be in the fashion, to follow the fashion; (of clothes) to be in fashion, to be all the fashion 1. Как он выглядел вчера? – На нём был элегантный костюм из тёмной шерсти. Он был бледен и немного волновался. 2. Я думаю, что учительнице не следует носить такие экстравагантные платья в школу. 3. Было жарко, и мужчины были без пиджаков. 4. Я хочу отдать сшить себе платье к Новому году. Не посоветуешь ли, какой фасон лучше выбрать? 5. Я не могу одеться очень быстро, если спешу. 6. Ты не знаешь, какие пальто сейчас в моде? 7. Она всегда любила одеваться по моде, но не любила вычурных фасонов. 8. Тебе не кажется, что я вдруг стала расточительной? Купила себе такое дорогое платье! 9. Эта шляпа не идёт к такому туалету. Иди лучше без шляпы. 10. Что ты обычно носишь на работу? 11. Ты должна отдать это платье переделать. Оно плохо на тебе сидит. 12. Что мне делать? Костюм протёрся во многих местах. – Пока его надо отремонтировать. Пойдём, я покажу тебе ателье, где делают мелкий ремонт. 25 27. Translate the sentences into Russian. 1. Catherine wore an open-necked summer frock with pale washed-out flowers upon it. She wiped a brown hand wet with perspiration upon her dress, while they exchanged a remark or two about the weather. 2. A man in a dark overcoat, with his muffler pulled up round his face, and his hat pulled down over his eyes, came along Culver Street and went up the steps of number 74. 3. Dressed for the street, Eddie Brown could have walked onstage in any house on the Columbia Burlesque wheel and been in costume. He had a checked suit on, with green as he dominant colour, bright tan shoes, multicoloured socks, a bright pink hand – painted tie with his name spelled back wards, a pale green shirt with pointed collar tips and a bright hat perched on the back of his head. He was really something to see. 4. The trunk was an old – fashioned black affair, with a domed lid, such as one seldom sees today. Loraine unpacked it and together she and Ellen struggled with the straps and began unpacking the contents. Soon the kitchen smelt of mothballs and was strewn with garments. The sight of them revived old memories and Loraine’s eyes smarted as she handled them, tenderly for the sake of the old woman who had worn them and who had been so good to her. Loraine hesitated. “I’ve been dreading of them!” 5. She wore a frock of fine woolen material in pale turquoise, simply cut with a slim skirt, tailored bodice, and three – quarter length sleeves with turned back cuffs. 6. Then the sight of some of Fiona’s little garments airing by the gas fire, lengthened to their limits, with pieces let in down the side-seams, darned and patched until the worn material would scarcely hold the stitches, determined her to act at once. 7. He wore a flimsy shirt of material that must have been imitation silk; it opened on the chest on the dirty hem of an undershirt; his light cotton suit was soiled. 8. His tie was pulled to the side and did not close with the collar; his shirt cuffs came out beyond his coatsleeves and covered his thick brown wrists; his trousers sagged loose at he knees. 9. Christine Redfern came down the stairs. She was wearing beach pyjamas of a loose floppy pattern. Hey were made of some green material with a yellow design. Rosamund‘s tongue itched to tell her that yellow and 26 green were the most unbecoming colours possible for her fair, slightly anaemic complexion. It always annoyed Rosamund when people had no clothes sense. 10. She had a great gift for clothes. Her clothes were always just right and she wore them well. 28. Read the following and write out synonyms of to have something on, to put on, to take off. Translate them into Russian. Make a note of the situations in which they are used. 1. She slipped into her gown and started off immediately. 2. Janet bathed on changed into a skirt and sweater. 3. I was trying to wriggle out of my slippers the way Miss Martha sheds shoes at every opportunity. 4. Tommy pulled the sweat-soaked shirt from his torso, then used it to wipe the damp grime from his face, and flung it behind him. 5. She whipped off her apron and darted a glance at the mirror beside the sink 6. It was late, so I shoved some clothes on and ran downstairs. 7. He shrugged out of his overcoat and hung it in the hall closet. 8. They had been living in hose clothes for several days. 9. She took the wet clothes as the boy peeled them off. 10. I changed out of slacks into a dress. 11. He jerked at the coat and flung himself into it. 12. She went upstairs after she had disposed of her cape. 13. The old man sat down and removed his patent – leather shoes. 14. She slipped out of her coat and silently tiptoed upstairs. 29. to take up the glove; 30. to put the shoe on the right foot; 31. to be tied to some one’s apron-strings; 32. as neat as a new pin; 33. to be in pocket. 30. Give the Russian equivalents to the following proverbs and sayings. Make up situations or stories to illustrate them. 1. A stitch in time saves nine. 2. Cut your coat according to your cloth. 3. Every cloud has a silver lining. 4. Every man has a fool in his sleeve. 5. If the cap fits, wear it. 6. It’s not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 7. When the pinch comes, you remember the old shoe. 29. Do you know the meaning of the following English idioms? Check your answers. 1. a bad hat; 2. to have a bee in one’s bonnet; 3. the boot on the other leg (foot); 4. a feather in his cap; 5. cap in hand; 6. the cap fits; 7. to set one’s cap; 8. to cast pearls before swine; 9. down-at-heel; 10. dead man’s shoes; 11. out at elbows; 12. to make ends (both ends) meet; 13. hand in (and) glove; 14. to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve; 15. to laugh in (up) one’s sleeve; 16. to lose (to break) the thread; pick up the thread; 17. mad as a hatter; 18. in a person’s shoes; 19. on a shoe-string; 20. that is another pair of shoes; 21. where the shoe pinches; 22. to stand in a white sheet; 23. to take off one’s hat to; 24. to talk through one’s hat; 25. to be on one’s uppers; 26. to trial one’s coat; 27. to take off one’s coat; 28. to turn one’s coat; 27 28 III. READING Text 1. Read the text and see if the author’s ideas are the same as yours. Fashions Fashion is an entirely unnecessary and yet delightful detail of human life. No one could contend that a person who didn’t follow the fashion was lacking in any great mental or moral quality; yet to be in fashion has given joy in age, not only to the women who are thus up-to-date in their costume, but to the men who behold them. As a rule, men’s attitude towards women’s fashions is one of amused tolerance. They pretend that they are unable to detect the nice distinctions between the latest model from Paris and a dress that is hopelessly out of date. But they are in reality just as eager to conform to the popular idea of what is and what is not worn. But men’s fashions change slowly, and men, unlike women, like to be the last to leave an old fashion rather than the first to embrace a new one. They have no desire either, that their womenfolk should be in the very front rank of fashion. It would make them embarrassed to be seen in public with a woman wearing something that caused every eye to be turned upon her. But they like their wives to be dressed as most other women are dressed. Fashion is an arbitrary mistress to whom most women are slaves, but though her mandates are often unreasonable and not seldom absurd, she is followed willingly, for the reward she offers is that sense of adventure and variety which is the spice of life. Tasks. 1. Answer the questions − Is fashion an important and necessary sphere of our life or just a pleasant trifle thing? − How does the fashion influence our life? − What is men’s attitude towards fashion? Do you agree with the author’s point of view? − Do all women like to be in the very front rank of fashion? What do you think on the point? 29 − Are you a slave of fashion? Why/ why not? Positive Negative 1. Delightful detail of human life. 1. People are slaves of fashion. Text 2. Read the text and the article from a fashion magazine and get ready to discuss the problem of fashion. Spring, summer, autumn, winter: every season there are new clothes and new fashions in the shops. Colours and styles keep changing. One season black is the “in” colour, but the next season everyone is wearing orange or pink or gray. One season tight-fitting clothes are fashionable, and the next season baggy clothes are “in”. The length of women’s skirt goes up and down from year to year. In the 1960s, mini skirts became very fashionable and a woman could wear a skirt twenty or thirty centimetres above the knee. A few years later, maxi skirts became trendy and then you had to wear skirts twenty or thirty centimetres below the knee. Each season there is always a “correct” length and if your skirt is just a little too long or too short some people will think that you are very unfashionable. Men have similar problems with their shirts. Some years it is fashionable to wear very small collars. Another year small collars become out-dated and large button-down collars are trendy. Sometimes it even becomes fashionable to wear shirts with no collars at all. A shirt you once thought was trendy can look strangely old-fashioned a few years later. And your father’s shirts, which you always thought were very conservative and traditional, can suddenly seem very stylish. Keeping up with fashions can be very expensive. So one way to save money is never to throw your old clothes out. If you wait long enough, the clothes that are out of fashion today will be back in fashion tomorrow. Yesterday’s clothes are tomorrow’s new fashion. I. Answer the questions − What styles and colours are fashionable at the moment for men and for women? 30 − What was in fashion last year? − Is fashion only for the rich? − Is it possible to consider clothes as a special sign, for example, a social one? Give example to prove your opinion. II. Comment on the following statements. § Women will never resist fashions. They take the changes in fashions for granted and are never surprised. § New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women. Vive La Mode! The times may be uncertain, but in Paris last week gloom gave way to glamour as fashion’s top designers strutted their stuff. Fashion’s top designers strutted their spring collections in Paris – and they did it with gusto. At Chanel’s show, in the bowels of the Louvre, the music blared, “Tonight it’s party time!” as 50 models marched down a raised glass runway in floating chiffon ponchos and micro-mini chemises. Alexander McQueen showed toreadors in laced leather pants and beaded jackets, senoritas in cascades of ruffles and lace and even a girl speared like a bull. And John Galliano of Christian Dior, elaborating on the ethnic notes he had trotted out in his July show, sent out models done up like Bedouins in turbans. Even after the September 11 attacks nobody was going to let terrorism hijack style. “This is our business. We must go on,” Domenico De Sole, CEO of Gucci Group told NEWSWEEK. And with ear-shattering hip-hop, blinding lasers and nearly naked models, go on they did. III. Complete the diagram with the words from the texts. IV. Have you ever seen any fashion shows or parades? Describe them. Read the short text about the fashion industry. Do you agree with its viewpoint? Why it is that fashion houses design their clothes for the youngest and skinniest men and women? We may not actually want to look like supermodels, but it is a fact that the most emaciated figures have dominated the world’s catwalks for a very long time. It seems it is not in the interests of the fashion industry to represent an “average” person. Although “slimmer” may not always mean “more desirable” in the real world, fashion succeeds because it carries with it that image of the last attainable figure. V. Prepare a speech or an article for any fashion magazine about the last trends in fashion. Dwell on the topics of colours, footwear, particular items of clothes. Use the text about fashion and the article as models for this. Boy Meets Girl Androgynous clothing design is a familiar idea nowadays, although it is perhaps the term “unisex” that is more commonly used by the fashion industry. Traditional dress restrictions for men and women are becoming blurred, largely because gender riles in today’s society are defined less strictly than they were. With menswear designer Lee Copperwheat, Pam Blundell produces the Copperwheat Blundell label. She says, “I design trousers for women and Lee will re-cut them for men. We have even started doing unisex pieces, such as trousers and raincoats, in six different sizes to fit everybody! Many other designers work in this way, with the result that similar lines for men and women are now much more readily available.” What do you feel about these sorts of clothes? Do you think that unisex clothing will still be in fashion in five years’ time? Why/ why not? The pictures (Additional material) and the statements below can help you to do the task. Сегодняшняя мода предлагает на выбор самые разнообразные стили. 31 32 Колледж-стиль – это воспоминание о школьной форме: жакетики с юбками в складку, белые блузки и гольфы. Хиппи – реверанс в сторону семидесятых, без которых невозможно обойтись. Новые хиппи носят: куртки с мохнатым мехом, вельвет, крестьянские блузки, цветастые платья и полосатые пончо. Примечательно отсутствие типичного атрибута – расклешенных брюк. Стиль модов. Моды – это недолговечное (1961–65) течение в молодежной среде Великобритании, культом которого являлась стильная одежда. Хотя к модам исторически всегда относили юношей, некоторые элементы их стиля просматриваются в актуальных женских коллекциях: узкие жакеты и брюки, вельветовые пиджаки, жилеты. Черный – безусловный лидер этого сезона. Самый универсальный цвет присутствует в коллекциях всех модельеров. Монохромность разбавляют яркие цвета. В фаворе красный. Все еще держатся розовый и цвет фуксии. Неожиданно появился желтый, а также немного синего и зеленого, оттенка электрик. Невероятную популярность приобретают бархат и вельвет, не желают сдавать своих позиций переливающийся атлас и узорчатое кружево. Кожа и замша всегда актуальны в холодное время года. Неизменный деним предстает перед нами в потертом виде – самые модные джинсы. В качестве верхней одежды лучше подобрать классическое пальто с меховым воротником или манжетами или пальто в стиле шестидесятых: маленькой формы, силуэт трапеция или прямой, отложной воротничок и крупные пуговицы. Для прохладных дней подойдет плащ или тренчкот. Если хочется чего-то нестандартного, то накидка или пончо – идеальный вариант. В качестве аксессуара просто необходим шарф: он может быть вязаным или меховым, но непременно очень-очень длинным. Модное платье должно быть в стиле babydoll, в котором девушка превращается в девочку или хорошенькую куколку. Как альтернатива появились сарафаны, одеваемые на блузку или водолазку. С другой стороны, в моде платья изысканного кроя, с драпировками, складками или воланами. И как противоположность им – минималистичные платья в японском стиле с воротником-стойкой и спущенными плечами. 33 Text 3. Answer the questions − Can we speak in terms of European, American, African, Asian styles of clothing? − What is your idea of the European style? − Does the way you dress depend on the country you live in? In what way? − To what extend does the British style of clothes differs from the Russian one? Read the text and write down the statements which show what the British author thinks about the British style (B) and what he thinks about Europeans (E). See the example below. B 1. The British spend their money on their houses. E 1. The Europeans spend their money on themselves. How to Dress Like an European One of the differences between Us and Them is that Europeans spend their money on themselves, not their houses. We may be wearing five-yearold M & S because we’ve just spent several thousand on a new patio or kitchen, but this will not impress our European colleagues, who judge success and good sense on appearance. Lesson number one: quantity is no substitute for quality. Emulate the Europeans by economizing on summer clothes, which can easily be dressed up with good accessories, and spending on winter clothes, whose good looks depend on top-quality fabrics. Brush every garment when you take it off to get rid of surface dirt and hairs, spend a weekly small fortune on dry cleaning and wash everything before folding neatly and storing in acid-free tissue paper at the end of the season. Lesson number two: when we fly to Europe we must learn how to pack properly. Pleated skirts, for instance, should be rolled then slid into a stocking in order to be plucked from the suitcase with pleats intact. Taking a steam iron 34 means we can free ourselves from the vagaries of hotel housekeeping services. The following are the basics you need to possess to pass as a proper European: § § § § § § § § A pristine white silk blouse, hand-washed and pressed after every wearing. A well-cut jacket and skirt; over them, a Burberry’s trench-coat. Expensive leather shoes, polished, unscruffed and regularly re-heeled. A good, plain watch and belt. Jewellery that, at least, looks expensive. A stock of 10-denier tights in the same colour as one’s shoes. A beautiful handbag that cost 100 more than you would ever have dreamt of paying, and in it a leather wallet and a leather address book, always replaced as soon as they become scruffy. A black polo neck cashmere sweater and a good pair of jeans. Tasks I. Explain the meanings of the following words: -M&S - accessories - top-quality - dry cleaning - acid-free tissue paper - pleated skirts - a well-cut jacket II. Work in pairs and discuss these questions. - Do you think these are good pieces of advice to follow? - Is there a Russian style of clothes? What is it? - What style of clothes do you like/follow? Why? Text 4. Before reading the text answer the questions. • When are you usually dressed up? • Can you wear jeans and be dressed up? • How do you understand the title “Dressing Down”? 35 Dressing Down Beyond doubt, the jeans phenomenon is a big event in the history of dress, and not only in the United States. Indeed, the habit of wearing jeans is – along with the computer, the copying machine, rock music, polio vaccine, and the hydrogen bomb – one of the major contributions of the United States to the postwar world at large. Before the 1950s, jeans were worn, principally in the West and Southwest of the United States, by children, farmers, manual labourers when on the jib, and, of course, cowboys. There were isolated exceptions – for example, artists of both sexes took to blue jeans in and around Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the 1920s – 1930s; around 1940, the male students at Williams College took them up as a mark of differentiation from the chino-wearing snobs of Yale and Princeton; and the late forties the female students of Bennington College (not far from Williams) adopted them as a uniform, though only for wear on campus – but it was not until the 1950s, when James Dean and Marlon Brando wore jeans in movies about youth in revolt against parents and society that jeans acquired the ideological baggage necessary to proper them to national fame. Fame came quickly, and it was not long before young Americans had become so attached to their jeans that some hardly ever took them off. According to a jeans authority, a young man in the North Bronx with a large family attained some sort of record by continuously wearing the same pair of jeans, even for bathing and sleeping, for over eight months. Eventually, as the entire world knows, the popularity of jeans spread from cowboys and anomic youths to adult Americans of virtually every age and socio-political posture, including Jimmy Carter when he was a candidate for the presidency. Jeans became one of the three leading targets of hijackers, along with liquor and cigarettes. Estimates of jeans sales in the United States vary wildly. According to the most conservative figures, put out by leading jeans manufacturer, Levi Strauss & Company, of San Francisco, annual sales of jeans of all kinds in the United States by all manufacturers in 1957 stood at around a hundred and fifty million pairs, while for 1977 they came to over 5 hundred million, or considerably more than two pairs for every man, woman, and child in the country. 36 Overseas, jeans had to wait slightly longer for their time to come. American Western movies and the example of American servicemen from the West and Southwest stationed abroad who, as soon as the Second World War ended, changed directly from their service uniform into blue jeans started a fad for them among Europeans in the late 1940s. But the fad remained a small one, partly because of the unavailability of jeans in any quantity. Being short of denim, the rough, durable, cotton will of which basic jeans are made, they were unable to undertake overseas expansion. Gradually, though, denim production in the United States increased, and meanwhile became so overwhelming that in parts of Europe a black market for them developed. American jeans manufacturers began exporting their product in a serious way in the early 1960s. At first, the demand was greatest in Germany, France, England, and the Benelux nations; later it spread to Italy, Spain, and Scandinavia, and eventually to Latin America and the Far East. By 1967, jeans authorities estimate, a hundred and ninety million pairs of jeans were being sold annually outside the USA. In the late 1970s, estimated jeans sales outside the USA had doubled in a decade, to three hundred and eighty million pairs, of which perhaps a quarter were now made by American firms in plants abroad. The fastest-growing jeans market was probably Brazil; Princess Anne, of Great Britain, and Princess Caroline, of Monaco, had been photographed wearing jeans, and King Hussein of Jordan was reported to wear them at home in his palace. All in all, it is now beyond doubt that in size and scope the rapid global spread of the habit of wearing blue jeans, however it may be explained, is an event without precedent in the history of human attire. Task I. Read the text and say what these figures refer to. a) 1950s b) 1920s – 1930s c) 1940 d)1960s II. Work in groups. Discuss the reasons for jeans being so popular. Think about some of these points. -price - fashion - durability 37 III. Complete this jeans history. JEANS HISTORY 1920-1930s Artists wore jeans in and around Santa Fe and New Mexico. 1940s Students_________________ snobs of Yale and Princeton. Late 1940s ____________ started a fad _________________________. 1950s Jeans acquired _______________________________ fame. 1957 Put out by __________________________50 million pairs. Early 1960s ____________exporting their product ________________. By 1967 __________________________________outside the USA. 1977 ____________two pairs for every man ________________. Late 1970s ________were made by ________________ plants abroad. Now _______________________________________________. IV. Work in pairs and discuss. • What events caused jeans to become nationally popular? • What are some of the signs that indicate the popularity of jeans? • Why were European and other foreign countries so slow in adopting jeans as a popular style? • Although blue jeans have been a popular fashion for decades, the style in which blue jeans are worn changes. For example, in the 1960s baggy Levis were popular, in the 1970s, tighter designer jeans. What is the current “style” of jeans? • How have blue jeans been accepted in your own culture? Who wears them? What types of places do they wear them to? • Do you have any blue jeans? When do you wear them? V. Make an outline of the text and then using it render the text. 38 Text 5. Read the passage. Where would you expect to read a text like this? Fashion this autumn is going to echo the season – crisp, exhilarating and enjoyable. Whether you’re shopping for a smart suit, a casual tracksuit or an outfit for a special occasion, you’ll find the designers have given you a rich harvest to choose from. Perhaps the only problem is what to choose when the weather doesn’t quite behave as it should. Just what to do when summer clothes aren’t quite right and it’s too warm to swelter in a suit? Until now, the answer has been to opt for one or the other and hope for the best. Jeager has solved the problem in a way that other big names will undoubtedly follow. The company has combined the right styles with the right fabrics to see you through any occasion – and keep the temperature at just the right level. ‘Keep colour in mind to maintain the spirit of summer, but look for lightweight wools and simple silhouettes for early autumn and to look good later as the weather cools’, advises Jeager’s Joan Jones. It’s a winning formula that shows to advantage in their simple but beautifully styled chemise dresses. The style comes in otter, emerald and violet in sizes 8 – 18. Tasks I. Find words in the passage which mean: a) a kind of a suit worn by athletes, etc. b) informal c) items of clothing which can be worn together d) people who plan the way clothes will look e) fabric made from the hair of sheep f) materials for making clothes II. Find words or phrases in the passage which tell you that the writer: a) likes autumn b) thinks there are plenty of good autumn clothes to choose from c) is comparing the climate to a human being d) thinks that there is a better solution to the problem of matching clothes to the climate this year e) thinks that the Jeager solution is excellent. 39 Text 6. Before reading the text “The Policies of Dressing” fill in the table below making some prediction about dress code and business dress. Things I already know Things I’d like to know Things I don’t know The Policies of Dressing By Ashleigh Morris. I know you are just starting reading this, but stop! Look down. What are you wearing right now? The world judges you by what you wear, at least on a first impression basis. Clothes to some degree define you. “People still underestimate the value of business dress,” says Laurie Sagle of the employee training company, training works! “As the market continues to change, clothes become more important, giving you an edge.” After having worked in the Russian market for over six years, she says many people don’t realize the importance of business dress, especially women. “What is more appropriate generally tends to be pretty dull. There is a big confusion between fashion and business dress.” What is necessary or appropriate often depends on the line of work. The more conservative business sectors, such as banking, and low require grey, navy or black suits for both women and men. But whatever the sector, there are basic rules for office dressing. Keep it professional and clean. Leave the fashion pieces for social occasions, unless you work in the fashion field. The rule that image consultants offer is to dress for the position you want, no matter what level you may be with a company. If you are a receptionist, but strive to move into the marketing department, then look at how the marketing director presents himself or herself. If those are the shoes you want to fill, then put yourself in the position where you can be considered for the part. Dressing appropriately demonstrates that you have enough wherewithals to know how to present yourself to clients and other employees. It also creates a sense of self-confidence and pride necessary to lead a team of employees or impress outside contact. 40 In the Western world, where fashion traditions have been built over the generations, there are stricter codes of proper business attire. In Russia, the rules are a less strict. Company handbooks don’t usually specify the ties that are acceptable or the appropriate length of your hair. Many businesses allow employees to wear jeans in places that would be unheard in the States – and people seem more sympathetic to the weather. Tasks 1. Look through the table you filled in before reading and see what new information you have acquired and if necessary correct your answers. 2. Supply the words from the text, which paraphrase the following. a) advantage; b) acceptable; c) clothes; d) to want; 3. Answer the questions: I. Do you think people should dress differently at home and in the office? II. What should be the difference between casual wear and business style? III. Do you agree with the opinions, expressed in the article? IV. Do you find the article useful? Why? 4. Translate the article literary and then prepare back translation into English. Text 7. Before reading the dialogue read the title and the first sentences of Mrs. Bashford and makes some predictions about the situation and the topic of this dialogue. Then read the dialogue and see if you are right. In a Shop Mrs. Bashford: I always choose my husband’s clothes very carefully. He dresses very well. Salesman (politely): Yes, madam, I’m sure. Now, you said a size 38, didn’t you? Something like this perhaps? It’s a good enough sweater. M.B.: Perhaps, but I don’t really think it’s good enough for my husband. Haven’t you anything better? 41 S.: Better than this, madam? (laughing nervously a bit) Well,…uh … there’s this gray sweater. M.B.: I don’t think I like that shade of gray. It’s not dark enough. S.: I see, you want something darker than this, … like this, perhaps? M.B. (thinking): Hmm…you know, I don’t really think I like grey at all. It’s too…dull. S.: I see. Now this green sweater is brighter than the grey one. M.B.: No. I don’t like green, either. S.: Well… let me see… there’s this red sweater. M.B.: Good Heavens, no. My husband never wears red. It’s too bright. S. (confused): So you want something darker than the light grey, brighter than the dark grey but not as bright as the green or the red sweater? M.B.: Exactly. And please hurry up. I really haven’t much time. S.: Something like this blue sweater? M.B.: Blue… hmm… yes, I think I like that. How much does it cost? S.: 20 pounds. M.B.: 20 pounds! Good heavens! Haven’t you anything… anything… uh… S.: Cheaper than this, madam? Only this other blue sweater. It costs 8 pounds. M.B.: Now that’s exactly what I’m looking for. That’s much nicer than all the others. Why didn’t you show it to me before? S. (angrily): But I did, madam. It was the first one you saw. Tasks 1. Discuss with a partner: a) Why was it difficult for Mrs. Bashford to choose a sweater quickly? b) What was the reaction of the salesman who was serving the customer on her remarks? c) Do you behave in the shop the way Mrs. Bashford did? When? Why? 42 2. Read the dialogue one more time and fill in the table that can help you in identifying the main idea. Situation Introductory phrases Topic How does the topic develop? − − − 3. Act out the dialogue. 4. Using the table you filled in make up your own dialogue with the same idea and topic. − − Text 8. Do you read fashion magazines? Who usually read them? Now read the text and say who was more interested in the article – Wendy or Bill? Prove your answer. Miss Fashion Bill was reading the morning paper. The shop was empty. Wendy was reading the latest number of ‘Miss Fashion’, girls’ paper. − Listen to this, Bill. − Mmm. − This year’s colours will be black and yellow, it says here. None of my dresses are those colours. Do you think I would look nice in black and yellow? − Mmm. − And hair will be worn shorter. Should I cut mine? − Mmm. − Girls will be wearing smocks which hang from the shoulders straight down to just above the knee. Trouser-suits and dresses with waist-lines are out this year. Oh dear, most of my friends have just bought trousersuits. − Mmm. − Light materials will be the most popular. Oh, hats are “in” again. Hats should be bright but not too big. Patterns will also be popular, especially checked, striped, and spotted. It sounds like a new illness, doesn’t it, Bill? − Mmm. − 43 Here’s something about boys’ fashion this year. The most exciting trend in men’s fashion is the wide-bottomed trouser-leg that finishes just below the knee. I can just imagine you in knee-length trousers! I’d love to see you in some of those. Mmm. Sleeves are “out”. Jackets will be sleeveless. Shirts will become more and more daring, plenty of lace and bright colours. None of your shirts will be any good. They are white, all of them. Mmm. And the hair will be worn short. What do you say about that? Are you going to have your cut? Eh? I’m sorry, Wendy. What were you saying? I was not listening. I was reading about the latest stupid fashions in the paper. Tasks 1. Discuss the following questions with a partner. a) Why wasn’t Bill listening to Wendy? b) Is it necessary to be fashion-conscious? c) Why do women change their style of dress? Is it connected with their work, life? 2. Present the information about the new fashion in the scheme and then using it render the article Wendy and Bill were reading. 44 3. Imagine the situation when Bill is listening to Wendy and discussing new trends in fashion. What would he say to her remarks? Reconstruct the dialogue using this situation. Act it out. Text 9. What do today’s fashion models look like? Do you like that look? Why/ why not? Are you influenced by fashion? Now read the title of the article and try to predict its idea. Are Today’s Teenagers Victims of Fashion? A survey among the 1,300 pupils at Caldicot Comprehensive School, near Newport, Wales shows that teenage girls and boys are deeply affected by the images presented by fashion industry in magazines. When we asked whether super slim fashion models influence anorexia – the eating disorder in which people go without food – 100 per cent of our sample replied “Yes”. It’s not just our schoolmates who hold these views. We interviewed psychologist Dr. Glenn Waller of London’s Royal Holloway College, an expert on the influence of fashion on adolescents. He told us that fashion photographs in magazines make a huge impact on young people’s self-image, particularly females aged 13-19. “Young people are guided by media standards while they are looking around for an identity,” he said. “Magazines provide ideas and these can affect vulnerable people.” “If women look at supermodels who are beanpoles, they may imagine that they themselves are fatter than they really are. If the media used a wider range of female shapes it would be better.” Fortunately, many Caldicot students are not victims of the imagemakers. Here’s what some of them said: “If you’re constantly dieting, you can’t enjoy life.” “Fashion is something kids can control. Ti is a path many teenagers take to break free and have fun.” “I find nothing attractive about six-foot models who are two stone underweight; they just look ill.” “Friends shouldn’t write you off for wearing unfashionable clothes; if they do, they aren’t very good friends.” 45 Beanpoles – very thin Two stone – about 13 kilos Six-foot -1 meter 83 Write you off – decide you are a failure Tasks 1. Tick the six opinions which are expressed in the article. Find the sentences in the story where they are mentioned. a True friends don’t expect you to be fashionable. b You can’t blame the fashion business for anorexia. c Clothes look better on thinner people. d Dieting takes the fun out of life. e Fashion allows teenagers to feel free and have fun. f Fashion models today are getting larger. g Images of very thin models may make ordinary women feel fat. h Underweight models are unattractive. i Pop groups influence teenagers’ ideas about fashion. j The media should show different sizes and shapes. 2. Write A (agree) or D (disagree) next to each of the statements in exercise 1. In groups discuss your opinions. 3. Describe someone who you think is a victim of fashion. These ideas may help: Cost? Comfort? Competitive? Do the clothes suit the person? Are they practical? Is s/he obsessed with fashion? 4. Describe a fashion which you think expresses freedom and fun. Text 10. 1. Before you read the article discuss together possible meanings for the following expressions: personal image management, dressing for effect, nonverbal communication, appearances matter. 46 2. Read the article and make notes on what the author says about the above expressions. Discuss your answers with the rest of the class. Decide whether or not you think he would have agreed with the quotation “Clothes are a billboard of the self. They express dreams and disguises, rank and status, pride and dismay. Without them we are vulnerable, and largely anonymous: with them we are clad in an armour of cloth” (Harris Dienstfrey). Note anything he says which supports your opinion. Dressing the Truth Most people say they wear what they do for practical reasons such as comfort or warmth. But the truth is more complex. Like it or not, our clothes are personal statements – and we might not always mean what they say. Those of us who live surrounded by strangers – which in Britain in the 20th century is increasingly the norm – have to develop our skills of nonverbal communication in what the sociologist Irving Goffman has called The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Just as people have differing abilities in most things, there are obviously experts in this art - the geniuses of the street who can spot a genuine Rolex or a pair of original Levi 501s at 100 yards. But it is also true that all of us require basic skills to enable us to read the messages of the walking billboards around us and, just as importantly, to select appropriate items for use in our own personal image management. These personal advertisements are not necessarily 'legal, decent, honest and truthful'. If asked to check out the claims made by our walking billboards, the Advertising Standards Authority would probably take most of us to court. We dress to impress, to confuse and to deceive (if only ourselves). Whether we utilize the skills of an undercover cop to blend into our surroundings or those of a pop star to stand out, there is generally a considerable gap between what we project in our appearance and the reality of our situation in life. It may be only when dressing for, say, a job interview or a first date that we are aware of our capacity for visual deceit but we are, in fact, at it all the time. Dressing for effect is a game we all play. It is also a very serious business – not just in the sense that the clothing and make-up industries are big business (clothing manufacture is Britain's fourth biggest employer) but also because our own personal, economic, social and romantic relationships so often derive from effective image management. Except for the minority of people who live out their lives in small, rural communities where everyone knows everyone else, we inevitably build our relationships upon a foundation of fleeting initial visual encounters. It is a cliché that 'Appearances Matter'. But it is none the less true. At a party, on the street, in the office, at a disco, when visiting a bank manager, verbal communication is only one aspect of our interaction -and frequently (perhaps surprisingly) it is often the least important source of information. How many important relationships in all our lives would have never developed to the verbal level if we had not surmounted the initial hurdle of visual compatibility? The other side of the coin is our ability to interpret the appearances of others in order to avoid unpleasant or even dangerous encounters. On a dark, sparsely populated street the distant glimpse of a 'dodgy looking character' may make us cross to the other side or even retreat in the opposite direction – often without justification. Our prejudices about appearances frequently interfere with our logic. Muggers, pick-pockets, rapists and con-men rarely, in real life, look like the stereotypes we expect. Usually it is only very subtle inconsistencies of style and manner that are the clues we should look out for. And if the interpretation of appearances is a complex game, the task of projecting to the world our own personal self-advertisement is no less so. Buying a new wardrobe – or even a pair of socks – is no easy matter, but the choices we make (yes, even in socks) are among our most important decisions. Many people who have abundant skills at anything from computer programming to writing pop songs are held back in life because they have never taken the time to develop their skills of image management. Yet it is not difficult to do so. The first point to grasp is that items of clothing, make-up, hairstyles, etc. are symbols. Just as in learning the vocabulary of a foreign language, one has to learn the meanings of these everyday style symbols. Unfortunately there are no dictionaries of these things (their meanings are too ephemeral for that) but simply by taking note of what other people are 'saying' with what garments, you can become fluent enough to begin to evaluate what you are communicating through your own appearance. To make this process a little easier, we present here in graphic form some of the things which people frequently attempt to communicate through the medium of their appearance, and invite you to consider how you and people you know fit into this scheme of things. Remember: What we illustrate here are the extremes – most of us fall somewhere in between them on a graduated scale. 47 48 The messages which we think we are transmitting are often not the ones which others actually read in our appearance. Get someone else to evaluate you. Then, independently evaluate yourself and compare your appearance profiles. Do not expect the message which you are sending out to correspond to your real life situation. The presentation of self is the act of creating a public fiction about a character who happens to have your name. The only thing that matters is whether the fiction which you project is the one which you want the world to read. Glossary thing or situation an undercover cop: a detective in disguise we are at it all the time: we do it all in fleeting: swift and temporary ephemeral surmounted the initial hurdle of. … : managed to overcome their first obstacle of … sparsely populated: with not many people about a dodgy looking character: a suspicious looking person muggers: people who attack and rob others (usually pedestrians) con-men: 'confidence men', people who trick or cheat people by playing on their good faith or confidence IV. PARTICIPATION DRILLS 1. Practise the following dialogues. Pay attention to the most frequent ways of making requests. − − − − − − − − − − − − − garment: an article of clothing 1 I’d like to have these shoes repaired, could I? The heels are worn down. Yes, new heels are to be put on here. Will you repair the shoes while I wait? I’m very busy now. You can pick up your shoes tomorrow. At what time? Any time. How much will it cost? 6 dollars. What’s your name, please? Trosh. How do you spell it? T–R–O–S–H All right. Here’s your slip. You’ll pay tomorrow when getting the shoes. Thank you. 2 this scheme of things: this particular way of organizing orlooking at life a graduated scale: a scale with degrees of measurement which increase/decrease gradually 49 − − − − − − − − Do you do alterations? Yea, we do. I’d like to have these trousers shortened. All right. How many inches? Not more than two. OK, but I’d like to see trousers on you. Could you try them on? Sure. Just a minute. And when can I take them back? They will be ready on Monday. 50 2. In pairs act out the following dialogues you can hear at the multiple service establishments. As the other pair performs the dialogue note down all active words from the topical vocabulary. − − At the Shoemaker’s What can I do for you? I’d like to have these shoes soled. (I want new soles put on.) I want leather soles. Rubber soles are too heavy for summer wear. And what about the heels, they’re worn down. Rubber heels, of course. Do you want them done while you wait? There will be an extra charge for that. No, I’ll leave them. (Makes out the receipt). Here you are. It will be $5. They’ll be ready in two days. − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − At the Cleaner’s Is it possible to have this dress cleaned by this afternoon? Yes, madam. We have a 2-hour service here. Is it possible to have my suit done, too? There are a few spots on the jacket. No, we can’t do the suit by this afternoon. Can you collect it tomorrow morning? Yes, I can. 3. Expand the dialogues. At the Cleaner’s − Good morning, madam. What can I do for you? − … − Yes, your costume has to be cleaned. There are some strains on the skirt. − … − Oh, yes. They can easily be removed. − … − We have got an express service here, but you’ll have to pay extra. 51 − − − − − − − − − − … It will be ready by tomorrow. Can you call between 9 and 10? At the Tailor’s Good morning! I’d like to order a new suit. … I want something for the autumn. Not too heavy and not too light. … I’d like to choose some fabric from your new stock of material. … It’s too light in colour. I’d rather have something darker and a bit heavier. … Yes, that’s better. Will you help me to choose the style and the buttons? … How much is it? … I’m afraid that’s really more than I wanted to pay. I’d have liked something cheaper, but still I expect it’s worth it. … Please, take my measurements. … Yes, that’ll suit me. Good-buy. 4. Practice the dialogues until you can perform them without reading. Make similar conversations. First say what you want, ask about quality, price, make a decision. Buying Clothes (A – assistant, C – customer) 1 A: Can I help you? C: Yes, I like this sweater, but I don’t know what size to get. I don’t understand English sizes. Can you measure me? 52 A: Yes, one moment, please. Yes, you’re a size 12. C: Good. How much are these sweaters? A: Six pounds fifty. C: Fine. I’ll take this blue one. A: Thank you. 2 A: Can I help you? C: No, it’s all right, thanks, I’m just looking around. (in some minutes) I like this navy-blue jacket. Can I try it on? A: Yes. The fitting room is in the right-hand corner. C: Oh, it suits me very well, doesn’t it? A: That’s a really nice jacket. Pure wool, a modern fashion. C: How much is it? A: ₤55. English clothes are really good value. They are so well-made. C: All right. I can afford the price. 3 A: Are you being served, ma’am? C: Not yet. But could you show me that lovely dress, size 12? A: Here it is. It’s medium size, very attractive and ma’am, … it fits you perfectly, exactly your size. C: Yes, but I don’t like the colour. Yellow doesn’t really suit me. Have you got anything in blue? It matches the colour of my eyes. A: I’m afraid I can’t help you at the moment. Blue dresses are all sold out. Why don’t you try this dark gray one? C: But I don’t like the fashion. It makes me look like a sack of potatoes. A: I’m sorry I can’t help you ma’am. Buying Shoes A: Can I help you? C: Can I try on these shoes? A: What size are you? C: Size 5, I think. A: I don’t have them in size 5, but you can try 4, 5 and 5, 5. 53 C: These are too small. And these are too big. A: Do you like these green? They’re popular with young people. C: Yes, they’re great! I think they are perfect. In fact, they’re the best ones I’ve seen yet. They’re quite expensive, though. A: Are you in a hurry for them? Can you wait a few days? C: I suppose so, but why? A: We’re having a sale. Next week these shoes will be half price. Why don’t you wait? C: So much the better. Of course, I’ll wait. Thanks for telling me. A: Think nothing of it. 5. In pairs compose and act out short conversations taking the roles of a customer and a receptionist. a) You want to have your suit cleaned and pressed. b) You try to cheer up a friend whose suit has been spoiled at the tailor’s. 6. When do you say or hear it? Make up short conversations using these sentences. a) May I try it on? b) Well, I finally decided on a woolen suit. c) The suit is a perfect fit. d) The blouse is too bright for me. 7. Ask questions so that the sentences given below were the answers to them. − − − − − No, I can’t afford this dress. It’s too expensive. She wears 36 size shoes. I buy a pair of flat-heeled shoes for everyday wear. This blouse costs 20 dollars. I’m sorry but we have these dresses only in blue. 54 8. Reconstruct the following situations into dialogues. 1. Mother and daughter are discussing the latest fashions. The mother is rather critically disposed towards them. The girl says that the elder generation can never understand the young. 2. Susan and Jane are going to the party. Jane complains that she has nothing to wear. Susan is trying to help. 3. You’ve decided to buy a present for your fellow-student. Much to your regret you don’t know her taste very well. But you know that she is always well-dressed. 4. You are talking to a fellow-student. He/she is expressing his/her dislike of modern fashions. Fashionable clothes are too expensive these days. Your friend thinks you can be stylish and trendy without spending much money. Tie Shoes For her: Skirt Blouse Jacket Tights Shoes multi-coloured yellow reddish buff bright orange emerald green peach black deepblue salmon olive green flesh-coloured rust-coloured lavender lilac rose bright pink greeny-blue russet tangerine mauve tan violet 9. Act out, with a partner, the following role-plays. In each case, A is a member of the public making a report to the police, and B is the police officer. A: You think you’ve seen the missing girl. B: “A” thinks he/she has seen the missing girl. Ask him/her where, when and ask for description. a) While shopping at the supermarket you’ve lost your friend/child. You want to make an inquiry. The clerk at the inquiry desk asks you questions about his/her name, appearance, age, clothes. b) A: Someone stole your bag as you were walking along the street. Report to the police officer what happened. Describe the bag, its contents and the thief. 10. You and your partner have been invited to attend a dinner in aid of charity. It is not an occasion for a suit and an evening dress, but you can’t go in jeans and a T-shirt. Below for each garment you are going to wear, you are given a choice of four colours. Choose an outfit for both of you which you think will look attractive. For him: Jacket Trousers navy blue royal blue white khaki 55 dark brown fawn crimson sea green 56 pale blue pearl yellowish turquoise jet black V. LISTENING 1. Listen to the sentences, decide what you would say in the following situations. Situations Your variant The right variant 1. It’s very cold outside and your friend is about to leave without a coat. 2. You’ve been invited to an important dinner party. You are not sure if you need to wear very smart clothes. 3. A man comes to your house to repair a TV. You want him to remove them before he comes in. 4. You are in clothes shop and you see a nice pair of trousers. You are not sure if they are of the right size or if they suit you. 5. You can’t fasten a button on your shirt. You ask for help. 6. You look at your shoes and you see there are holes in them. 2. Listen to the dialogues and fill in the gaps. I. –Well, what do you say of this one? – Mm, it doesn’t …… jumper. Why don’t you ……? – OK. Goodness, I can’t … it. And if I do I … up. It’s no good. I’ll have to go... – What ……? I think …… You look …… in it. – Do think so? II. – Hello. Can I help you? – Yes … I’d like to …… – Of course, sir. …… over there. III. – Aren’t you going to…..? – No, I’m ….this. 57 – You can’t go …… that. – Well, I’m not going to ……to have dinner with my parents. – That’s not the point. That shirt’s … and it’s ……. Look, it gets … in it. Take it off and … that one I gave you for … IV. – Excuse me, I can’t … my foot … this shoe. Can I … size 6? – I’m afraid you are ……, madam. We completely out of … in that particular … 3. Listen to two conversations how to dress up for weddings and do the following tasks. Version 1. Listen and fill in the table. Questions Woman 1. Why do you like going to wedding? 2. Dress code for weddings: a) In the past b) Nowadays Man Version 2. I. Listen to the dialogue and then answer these general questions. 1. Why does the lady think it’s much easier for men to look smart when going to weddings? 2. Why didn’t the man feel very comfortable at his sister’s wedding? II. Listen again and complete these sentences. 1. It’s very difficult for a woman _____________. 2. The man was ____________ at his sister’s wedding. 3. The sister wanted everybody ______________. 4. The bride and her bridesmaids wore__________ in a very informal wedding. 5. The lady had to ____________ to fit in. 6. Once the man wore ____________ because his friend who was marrying is_______. 58 4. Listen to the fairytale The Emperor’s New Clothes and do the following tasks. I. Decide whether these statements are true or false. 1. The emperor didn’t like riding round in his wonderful gowns. 2. His palace was full of wardrobes containing clothes he had worn only once. 3. Thanks God, the first minister thought to himself, I’m clever enough if I can see this dress. 4. The emperor saw nothing. 5. What wonderful clothes, said people to each other. II. Complete the sentences. 1. The emperor spent all his money on ______________. 2. The two men were given _________, which they put into their pockets and kept for themselves. 3. And the man showed to the first minister different ______ and _______ as if they were in front of his eyes. 4. The emperor stood in front of the mirror and said “Yes, it __________”. 5. Look, your majesty, said one of the ministers, you forgot to ________one of the ______. III. Listen again and choose the right variant. 1. The emperor was interested in a) the life of his people. b) what was in or out of fashion. c) the opinion of his ministers. 2. The magic clothes had a wonderful property: a) only hypocritical people would be able to see the clothes b) only the emperor would be able to see the clothes c) only clever people would be able to see the clothes 3. The first minister returned to the emperor and told him a) the clothes were the most beautiful he’d ever seen b) the clothes were the most majestic he’d ever seen c) the clothes were the most trendy he’d ever seen 59 4. One small boy said a) The emperor isn’t wearing any clothes b) The emperor isn’t wearing his crown c) The emperor isn’t dressed up. 5. A woman is talking about fashion. She is trying to put fashion into a historical perspective and convince the listeners that it is no longer necessary to follow fashion. I. Listen and answer these questions. 1. What was the attitude towards fashion in the Victorian times? 2. What have been the major influences on fashion in this century? 3. What sort of jobs did women start doing in the Second World War? 4. Why did women change their style of dress? 5. How did life change after the war? 6. What does the speaker say about fashion of the 80s and 90s? 7. Does the speaker follow fashion? II. Listen again and fill in the missing words. 1. Today we are not the ________ of fashion. 2. In the mid-Victorian era any following of fashion was ________ not only as bad taste but also as a _________. 3. The major ________ on this century have been the two World Wars. 4. After the ________ and rationing of the Second World War, the 50s and 60s were a time of ________ and fashion _______. 5. In my opinion we have _______ the need to ________ ourselves to fashion. 6. Before you listen, describe a dress style that you like. These words may help you. Clothes army trousers Platform shoes Doc Marten boots top 60 high heels trainers hipsters flares Describing styles aggressive fashionable comfortable outrageous ethnic practical VI. TOPICAL VOCABULARY simple 7. Now listen to four people talking about their dress style. Make notes as you listen. 8. Listen again and complete these phrases. 1. “Today I’ve got an ethnic look and I feel very _______.” 2. “I may sound like ______ but for me clothes are a status symbol.” 3. “I want to look ______ and I don’t mind spending a lot.” 4. “I don’t care about looking _______ from other people.” everyday casual striped pin-striped spotted checked tartan plain floral / flowery lady’s man’s maternity under foot denim wool cotton tailor-made tweed lace nylon silk linen satin polyester corduroy ready-made exclusive flannel leather velvet suede Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø v v v v v v 61 wear outsized tight fitting slim fitting tight loose made to measure round-necked V-necked buttoned down belted long / short sleeved high / low-waisted 62 Style v v v v v v modern stylish trendy fashionable up-to-date neat ² old-fashioned ² conservative ² underdressed ² outdated ² badly-dressed ² overdress ô slatternly ô shabby ô scruffy ô dowdy knitted shirt trench-coat denim suit tracksuit pullover cravat jeans trunks blazer waistcoat / vest bow-tie single-breasted suit shorts pyjamas short cleaved jacket pram suit bootees sun hat knee-length socks parka coat to be up-to-date to be out of fashion to look dated hat belt bag scarf button to be in the/follow fashion to be fashion conscious to keep up with fashions glove tie mitten zip shawl bracelet earrings ring short-sleeved shirt frilled dress quilted waistcoat cardigan 63 T-shirt slacks bath robe tights man of fashion dressed in the height of fashion lapel pocket flap drawstrings pocket frill belt breast pocket cuff fly patch pocket braces detachable hood shoe buckle sole hem sleeve ribbon to dress to take on to try on to undress to take off to fit to necklace brooch beads shoe moccasin tie shoe/ Oxford shoe rubbers sandal sling back shoe/sling pump slipper hand-made sabot fabric court shoe hiking boot high-heeled toe post sandal trainer open-toe mule low-heeled polo neck jumper lumber jacket poncho-style coat costume bib and braces leggings pinafore dress skirt suit halter top bermudas to put on to match be a tight fit front yoke collar terry upper to put off to wear to suit to go with to be an easy fit be in smb’s shoes the boot’s on the other foot dressed to kill dressed up to the nines get your knickers in a twist keep your shirt on pull your socks up talk through your hat wear the trousers wolf in sheep’s clothes your Sunday best 64 VII. ACTIVITIES FOR READING AND DISCUSSION I READING and VOCABULARY 1. You are going to read the article “STYLE UNDER PRESSURE” where 9 ways to crack the office dress code are given. 1. Do you think the way you dress can influence your career? 2. Do you agree that sometimes clothes can make us feel strong and self-confident? 3. Do you know any secrets for successful dressing which you adopt in your life? 2. In pairs match the words in column A with their definitions in column B. Student 1. A 1. Pant suit a 2. Grooming b 3. Capsule dressing 4. Crush-proof c d 5. Print dress e 6. Vintage f 7. Low heeled pumps 8. Chunk corduroy g 9. A slick i h B very small or compact wardrobe A women outfit with an ink or paint design on its surface no longer fashionable or modern A woman’s outfit consisting of a jacket and pants that are made of the same material U.K. term trouser suit keeping somebody else’s or your own personal appearance neat A woman’s shoe that is plain and cut low in front and has a moderately high heel. (U.K. term court shoe ) or a man’s patent leather slip-on shoe worn with formal attire made to resist being crushed, creased, or wrinkled a magazine containing high quality color photographs, especially a fashion magazine, printed on smooth-coated paper. U.K. term glossy magazine A heavy think cotton fabric with a ribbed nap running lengthwise 65 Student 2. A 1.Laddered stockings 2. Kilts b 3.Pencil skirts c 4. Egalitarian style 5.Twin set d 6.Starchy suit 7.Eclectic wardrobe f g a e 8.To look sleek 9.A waist coat h i B To look attractively smooth, shiny and well-groomed a pair of tightly fitting leg coverings for women with a damaged section caused by unraveling stitches An approach to style based on a belief that all people are equal and should enjoy equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities very formal set of clothes made from the same material an approximately knee-length wraparound tartan garment that is part of the traditional Scottish highland dress for men. A variant of it is worn by women and girls. long narrow cylinder skirt a man’s or woman’s sleeveless and collarless waistlength garment, usually with buttons down the front, worn over a shirt and traditionally worn by men under a suit jacket made up of elements from various styles a woman’s matching short-sleeved pullover and cardigan designed to be worn together Key: Student 1. – 1d; 2e; 3a; 4g; 5b; 6c; 7f; 8i; 9h. Student 2. – 1b; 2e; 3f; 4c; 5i; 6d; 7h; 8a; 9g. 3. Read the article and find words and expressions in the text that have these definitions 1. to learn to dress professionally 2. to walk around the office showing off your new clothes to others 3. tidy your appearance in front of others 4. a normal average skirt 5. older generation with restrictive thoughts on what should or should not be worn in the office environment 6. to walk into a shop looking tired and hard worn 7. to leave home in a hurry 8. to do too much 66 STYLE UNDER PRESSURE 9 ways to crack the office dress code By Anna Johnson There is no such thing as morally neutral fashion and anyone who works in an office knows what he means. Success dressing in many ways is style under pressure. I honed my own professional dress code from many messy encounters with laddered stockings, low-cut blouses and one very strange canary-yellow linen suit bought in 1987. My manifesto for office fashion now is simplification. Deep down, we all know which clothes make us feel strong and baby pink angora sweaters are not on that list. dress; silver Mary Janes with a navy blue pin-striped suit; Italian stockings under a perfectly sober shift. In a somber environment, a little spice goes a long way. Be consistent I once had a boss who would double take at least once a week and ask me my name. Dressed in disco-glitter eye shadow one day and starchy suit the next, I had a tendency to disappear inside my clothes, inviting people to ask, "Who's the new girl?" The eclectic work wardrobe might help you love Mondays, but it is downright disorienting to fuddy-duddy senior management. Unless you are a fashion stylist (who style-surf for a living), try to anchor yourself into a stable image: the most capable looking version of you. Own one great suit A suit you love is like armor. You slip it on and immediately feel ready for a bank manager, nasty memo or aggressive cold call session on a Monday morning. Buy a suit that is not too tight across the bosom or the hip. One with fabric that gives and doesn't crease after a whole day of sitting and one that can travel across seasons. When you buy the suit also snap up two blouses and a sweater that match, stretching one outfit into three. If you are allergic to formality, buy a gorgeous floral pin and stick it to your lapel. Natty dressing can still have whims. Know the code Every office has an unspoken uniform. Secretaries in mini skirts and company directors in suits happen for a reason. The mini skirt conveys the freedom of a job with low responsibility and even lower mobility. To dress within the code of your office without feeling like a conformist drone means tweaking your personal style. At the office where I work, (an almost all-female publishing house) pencil skirts, pumps and little twin sets are the norm. Like wearing a school uniform, such deliberately egalitarian style levels out great wealth, great beauty or a great pair of legs. Having none of the above, I wear basic little sweaters and kilts in winter and a little less skin in summer with great relief. Dressing modestly sends out the message that you are at work to get the job done not to strut and preen. Puritan work ethic? Certainly, but a lot can be done in between a little white shirt and some navy blue shoes. Dress three pay rises ahead Dressing a few tiers above your station is not pretentious, it's sensible. The only way bosses can imagine you in a more powerful position is to visualize you there. Give them a helping hand by looking sleek. Interns do this all the time, looking as if they are on salary even if they are wearing a very well ironed shirt from the Gap sale rack. Smart girls. Get serious The more intellectual or powerful your work environment, the more fashion fripperies are frowned upon. Chanel understood this principle and designed for women with work ethic accordingly. "Be a caterpillar by day and a butterfly by night,"' she answered, wearing her invisibly elegant little suits everyday. It is clothing that looks good but doesn't get in the way of what you have to do and what you have to say. If you need an eccentric expression siphon it into intense little accessories: a bright red handbag with a little black Time Travel If contemporary work style leaves you cold why not pilfer from other eras? Hollywood always went to work in style. Try a silk tie and a waist coat ala "Annie Hall,", or steal a great pair of pants taken straight from Katherine Hepburns closet in "Woman of the Year." The standard convention of a skirt stuck at mid-calf and a little silk shell under a navy blue jacket with gold buttons reminds me of TV anchor women and air hostesses. If you don't actually perform those duties why dress that way? 67 68 Shop on weekends Schlumping into the shops on a Thursday night to recreate a new work identity is a big mistake. Exhaustion is apt to make you buy a ghastly Laura Bush pant suit or a long beige knit dress. Try instead to shop for work clothes with the same pleasure you'd give to lingerie or shoe shopping on a sprightly Sunday afternoon. Carry magazine pages if you have to and take a friend you trust. Get groomed for the top Hair. Nails. Shoes. Check for these along with your keys as you dash out the door. It's a little grooming mantra that I have yet to really master but works beautifully in businesses where people actually have to look at you. Grooming is more important than expensive clothes, it shows respect and makes you feel pulled together even if you are imploding. I always type faster after a manicure. Encapsulate your style I didn't believe in capsule dressing until I went on a 15-city book tour. After that I started buying pantyhose by the dozen and sweaters in pairs. My ultimate basic work wardrobe is built on this: 1. Three black skirts (of course). One to the knee (which double as a suit skirt), one for fat days and one for evening (because last minute opera tickets cannot be refused). 2. Three crush-proof white blouses. 3. One great black jacket. 4. Four cashmere sweaters, three cotton skirts (packs small, travels across seasons). 5. One great sturdy handbag with a satellite for evening stashed inside. 6. One print dress (vintage or otherwise). 7. One pair of Capri pants. 8. Ballet flats/boots/low heeled pumps. Building your wardrobe from black doesn't mean wearing all black. You can go hog wild accessorizing. Color is the ultimate mood lifter at work and a great way to make basically sensible dress feel sexy. I love hot pink on Mondays for energy and pale blue on Fridays for pretending to be calm. Your black skirts don't have to feel predictable either. Try them long in a suede maxi, sensuous in a silk wrap or artsy in an unusual fabric like chunk corduroy. 69 (Anna Johnson writes for Elle and Vogue UK. She’s a correspondent for the Australian cable TV program By Design.) 4. Answer the following questions. 1. What for should we know about office dress code? 2. What is implied in Chanel’s words: “Be a caterpillar by day and a butterfly by night” 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having the eclectic work wardrobe? 4. What is the time shop for work clothes? 5. How important is it to get groomed for the top? 6. What articles of clothing should capsule dressing include? SPEAKING 1. Develop the following situation into a conversation: One of you in a fashion stylist and the other is an employee who wants to be promoted. Stylist: You see that he/she lacks a sense of style in dressing. Give your piece of advice and convince the employee to change his/her style. Employee A: You dress commonly and your clothes lack individuality. The boss does not notice you and this prevents you from being promoted. But you’ve got accustomed to your style and don’t want to make any changes. Employee B: You dress in an extraordinary way that shocks everybody and you don’t want to follow the office dress code. The boss does not consider you reliable enough to be promoted. 2. Team up in groups of three and illustrate the following sayings from the article with the stories of your own: 1. Be a caterpillar by day and a butterfly by night. 2. A suit you love is like armor. 3. The more intellectual and powerful you work environment, the more fashion fripperies are frowned upon. 4. Dressing a few tiers above your station is not pretentious, it's sensible. 5. There is no such thing as morally neutral fashion 70 II VOCABULARY and SPEAKING 1. How often do you go shopping? 2. What do you spend most money on? 3. How often do you buy clothes? 4. Which items of clothing you buy are necessities? 5. Do you buy clothes on impulse? Why or why not? 6. Do you prefer buying clothes on your own or with someone else? Look at this list. Which of these things would you buy for your wardrobe? Ladylike clothes Kitten-hills Trendy funky platforms Frilly shirt A girly skirt for a party A denim blazer Great-looking shoes A well-constructed handbag READING 1. Read the article “5 SECRETS TO SHOPPING SMART” quickly. Match each secret with its appropriate heading in this list: a. If you can, spend a bit more on your bag and your shoes. b. Look for long-term relationships – and nix one-night stands. c. Define your style and stick to it. d. Drop dough on classics; scrimp on the fads. e. Shop sales and outlets with an agenda. 2. Read the article more carefully and decide if these answers are true or false. 1. Buy funky platforms because they're trendy even if they don’t fit your special style. 2. Don’t buy an item if you can’t think of more than a few possible uses for it. 3. It is very important to be able to spot the items of clothing which will still remain trendy in a year. 4. Try to resist high reductions and don’t spend your money on things you’ll never wear. 5. You should be especially careful while choosing clothes for greatlooking shoes and well-constructed bag. 71 5 SECRETS TO SHOPPING SMART 1. __________________ Think about the image you like to project and give it a name – maybe it's “racy rocker” or “sweet sophisticate”. Now resolve to buy only the trends that fit your special style. So if you love ladylike clothes and the kitten heels that go with them, don't buy funky platforms just because they're trendy. They won't look right with your wardrobe, they won't feel “you”, and you'll be plagued with buyer's remorse. 2. ___________________ Before you take an item up to the cash register, ponder how many different places you can wear it and how it works with what you already own. If you're buying a frilly shirt to pair with a girlie skirt for a party, you should also be able to dress it down by wearing it under a denim blazer. If you can't think of more than a few possible uses for a potential purchase, don't shell out. 3. ______________________ Spend no more than 20 percent of your fashion budget on one-season trends. Learn to ID which items will still look right in a year and spend the bulk of your personal fashion allowance on them. As a general rule, the more classic the trend, the longer its shelf life will be. 4._______________________ Be cautious in these settings – it's easy to be brainwashed by a 50-percent-off sign and waste money on "steals" you'll never wear. Only buy things that fit your individual style and that you'd almost be willing to pay full price for. 5. ______________________ If you're wearing great-looking shoes and carrying a well-constructed handbag, your clothes can be from absolutely anywhere and you'll pass for an heiress. 3. Rank the secrets to shopping smart in the order of importance to you. Through discussion, reach a group consensus on this ranking. The exercise will not be finished until a group decision is made. 72 III READING and SPEAKING 1. Read your fashion profile and underline the sentences which best describe the style of your sign of zodiac. Discuss with your partner whether the descriptions are true for you. As far as makeup goes, dramatic eyes do you best, with bright red lipstick to match your fiery hair. Your Sign rules the head, so your best accessory is a hat and sparkling diamonds to adorn your neck and fingers. Fave Label: Gucci Would Look Good On: Sarah Jessica Par TAURUS Each zodiac sign has its own sense of fashion and style. Aries can usually be found in red, Scorpio is dressed to kill and Sagittarius doesn't much care what it wears, so long as the clothing gives them room to move. What you wear can say a lot about who you are and what you want out of life. Find your fashion horoscope. AERIES The Ram wants to be first in everything. This means you probably know, up to the minute, all about the current trends in fashion. One step ahead of the game, you're a trendsetter. Not afraid to try new things, as long as they appeal to your sense of fun and adventure, you'll wear the most daring of styles. As soon as you see a new item on the rack, you know it'll be the latest trend, and you're not afraid to spend your hard-earned cash to be the first to have 'the look.' In the eighties, you might have been the first to wear shoulder pads (and the first to rip them out toward the end of the decade), and in the nineties you were first in line for that eyebrow piercing. More conservative Aries turned on the television in the mid-nineties and went right out to get their 'Friends' haircut. True to its fiery nature, the Ram prefers black and red clothing. Not one to go for the tailored look, your closet resembles Noah's Ark, full of all shapes, sizes, colors and fabrics. Rest assured, though, it all looks really good once it goes on your body. You know that flowers are out and solids are in. 73 The pristine Bull would never be caught wearing anything off the rack. Face it, you're a label snob the likes of which any designer would be proud. You would know exactly what to wear to dinner with royalty, and even your workout clothes are created by big-name designers. Only the finest of imported fabrics will do. Anything that is rough to the touch just wouldn't be civilized. Never willing to sacrifice quality, you are quite capable of spending your last dime to get that gorgeous, classical suit tailor-made. Price is no object because you know that when you find that perfect garment, it will be yours forever. Well-made clothes never, go out of style. Trends and fashion are not the most important part of your wardrobe. Stiletto heels are silly things when flats are much more comfortable. For Taurus, their best feature is often the neck. Classy chokers and necklaces look marvelous on you, and tying on a scarf appeals to the most classic part of your nature. You should wear your hair up and decorate it with emeralds. Bright colors and flashy glamour can be left for the plebeians, you will stick to your browns, beiges and khakis. With your sense of fashion, you will never be underdressed for any occasion, and you will always look good. Fave Label: Marc Jacobs for Louis Vuitton Would Look Good On: Cate Blanchett GEMINI Every day is an adventure for the Twins. You probably open your closet in the morning to have a mountain of crumpled garments cascade onto your head. Once you dig through the mess, it is only a question of figuring out what you feel like that day and throwing on the clothing to match. You follow trends halfheartedly because you become bored with them quickly. If a new trend hits you every day, you're ready to embrace that new trend -- if only for the next 24 hours. You're a bit conscious of your wallet when 74 going clothing shopping, but if you find the fuzziest pair of slippers you've ever set your feet in, not much is going to stop you from making them yours. You probably don't care about or even look at, what the label on your new garment says, as long as you like the way it looks and feels. You may do well in tank tops to show off your arms, and you can never go wrong with blue denim. If you think about putting on makeup in the morning, it's probably very light, perhaps only lip gloss to give you even more than your natural shine. Arm bands and dangly bracelets are a must unless, like tight clothing, they're too constricting. Experimental Gemini is willing to try anything once, but your hair is usually pretty simple, with only twin braids to bring out your inner nature. Fave Label: Alexander McQueen Would Look Good On: Angelina Jolie CANCER Happiness is a sweater that has been your friend for years. Almost as attached to clothing as you are to your loved ones, you've spent years trying to bring back parachute pants, nehru jackets and jumpsuits. Some of these things may still be in your wardrobe, as will the most comfortable styles from every trend that catches your eye from now on. Even clad in the most traditional or comfortable of garb, you always keep an air of femininity about your wardrobe. Lace takes precedence over denim, and cargo pants are definitely out. One of the only things you spend haphazardly on is lingerie, from sports bras to sultry nighties. A favorite outfit might be a long, flowing skirt with a v-neck sweater and a raincoat. On warm days, beachwear and wraps with sandals are a must. Long necklaces and pretty jewelry makes any outfit complete. Pearls are a favorite, and any shade of green is a pleasure to don. You probably don't go much for makeup, unless it is soft and easy to manage. You might not even own a blow dryer, preferring to let your hair dry naturally and hang down over your shoulders. On busy or windy days, you may only pause to pull it back in a loose knot. Cancer prefers to dress for the comforts of home and isn't given to new trends, but you know how to look for the world outside. Fave Label: Ralph Lauren Would Look Good On: Liv Tyler 75 LEO The Lion rules the roost and wants the best of everything. If a garment is out of your budget, it must be yours. Price tags and labels rule what you buy. If the fashion mags haven't heard of a designer, you drop them like a hot coal. You could never be seen in public wearing anything but top quality. Comfort comes last in your book. If the latest trend requires pants that hat cut off your circulation and wobbly platform shoes, that's exactly what you'll be squeezing into and stumbling about on. Anything daring with a bold display of colors is your cup of tea, as long as it makes you look good. Business suits are for the workplace, and you wear them well, but in your own time you prefer flowing, elegant garments, custom tailored to your shape. It's imperative that you look the part of royalty. You excel at wearing flashy, pricey jewelry. Your Sign rules the back, so going backless or strapless to the right soiree is never out of place. Favorite colors are gold, bronze and orange, whether you choose to wear these as an electric splash or a bold statement is your decision. You'll purr over anything that calls attention to the Lion's mane, whether is be handcrafted barrettes, colorful rubber bands or jeweled tiaras. One thing is for certain: Leo knows how to dress for success. Fave Label: Versace Would Look Good On: Madonna VIRGO Every night before bed, Virgo, armed with a can of starch, can be found dutifully slaving over the ironing board. You take good care of your clothes, and they return the favor. A minimalist by nature, you sniff at trends that require pants so big you need to hold them up. As well, you disdain any clothing you can't move in. The thought of girdles makes you laugh outright. Price is important when you're picking out this season's wardrobe. You would never go to the sales rack to buy something under par, preferring instead to spend more for better quality. When you leave the house, 76 you're wearing traditional styles with pleats ironed to a perfect angle, and there is not a speck of lint to be seen. The outfits you buy are simple, tailored to fit and will last a lifetime. For fun the normally conservative Virgo might give in and wear a crop top to display a belly of which they can be truly proud. With hair in a bun, or pulled back in some other neat, out-of-the-way style, you fit in naturally with every season's trend. Nothing but earth tones for your closet. Natural colors and fabrics in browns and beiges fit you just fine. Not given to wearing much jewelry, you might try out a sardonyx, the earthier member of the onyx family, to add that bit of glamour without insulting your skin tone. Fave Label: Calvin Klein Would Look Good On: Cameron Diaz LIBRA The Scales make the best shopping buddy. Because of your excellent taste, off-the-rack is usually not quite good enough. Friends and family know to come to you during a fashion crisis, if they have the time to wait for you to make up your mind. Standing in front of your closet in the morning is a case of so many choices, so little time. You know everything in there works, the trick is to decide which one works best today. When your paycheck comes, you go shopping, and darn any price tag that gets in your way. You're a trendsetter when it comes to spicing up a classical look. Always tailored and impeccable, you still manage to keep up with the hottest trends in your own way. There's no throwing on an outfit in the morning, you put yourself together so you're head-to-toe in synch. There are no extraneous piercings on your body, if you have an earring in your right ear, there's one in your left as well. Everything you wear is balanced, from your choice of color to the distance between the pinstripes on your suit. Your makeup is so impeccable that it almost looks like you're not wearing any. Jewelry, too, only serves to highlight your best features. The rich shade of the sapphire works best with your desire for comfortable blue tones. Libra loves to shop, and it shows. Fave Label: Giorgio Armani Would Look Good On: Gwyneth Paltrow 77 SCORPIO The always sexy Scorpion is hard to categorize. One day you could be sleek in the latest look, but the next you're kicking back in something romantic and flowy. Whatever you're wearing, and for whatever reason, you've probably got some ulterior motive. When you go out on the town in something short and skimpy, you're probably on the prowl for a partner who'll offer some fun in the P.M. You'll put on a pricey power suit if that's what it takes to score a high-level corporate job. You follow trends as long as they suit you, but you're no slave to fashion. If everyone went around with partially-shaven eyebrows, you would probably refrain. Hey, you've got class! On the other hand, you may have been first in line to partake in your pick of the best retro styles. You'll either wear a lot of jewelry or no jewelry at all. Your hair might be long and luscious or short at spiky. You could wear wigs and costume paint, as long as how you're shaping yourself to look matches your changeable inner nature on that particular day. Scorpio is a master of disguise. You could wear makeup like a mask, or take it all off so those around you think you're revealing the bare truth. Your hidden, or not so hidden passion, is silky, sensual undergarments in black or red. Fave Label: Miu Miu Would Look Good On: Winona Ryder SAGITTARIUS The Archer is usually more at home under the stars than indoors, but even the illustrious explorer needs to wear clothing. Not big on fashion, and not really caring about making a statement, you dress in comfortable clothes that allow freedom of movement and can handle the rugged nature of your existence. Clothing made out of hemp or other natural fibers suit you best. If you finally manage to render a garment unwearable for the holes, you can give it a proper burial to return it to the earth. Hippie days are not past yet, for long skirts, ponchos and loose-fit jeans suit you perfectly. Sportswear of any kind suits your lifestyle. You may look out of place during dressy occasions, but you're not so concerned about what others think 78 of your looks, concentrating instead on letting them in on the inner levels of your knowledge. Hiking boots or sandals adorn your feet on most days. Going barefoot is not too rare, either. Makeup is a pain and jewelry just gets in the way, broken or lost, so you simply don't wear any. Strong colors, particularly navy blue, lifts your spirits, but you rarely bother to match your clothing. Sagittarius men have no problem with scraggly beards, and a woman's hair is something to turn into natural dreadlocks, shave off or throw back in a ponytail. Your colorful clothing causes smiles as you go, unassuming, on your way. Fave Label: Marc Jacobs Would Look Good On: Katie Holmes CAPRICORN The Goat is more comfortable in business suits than sweats, and nononsense heels than sandals. You are reasonable enough to want the best, but not to expect to get it on your frugal budget. There's no snob in your nature to stop you from going straight for the bargain rack and looking for the best the sales stickers have to offer. All your clothing is practical. It may not be the latest cut, but it still looks good enough to let your business associates know that you're serious about your career. If the price is right, you'll go so far as to get your clothing tailored, as long as it retains its classic, timeless style. For relaxation, you might wear pedal pushers, and leg warmers are a must at the gym. You may hunt for bargains, but you dress for success. What you save on clothes, you splurge on accessories. Your jewelry is simple, but expensive. You can be classy without being gaudy, and an amethyst here or there never harmed anyone. Other than that, earthy you prefers browns, beiges and khaki. Your hair is not a big issue, as long as it's short, attractive and can be styled in less than five minutes. Combining adornment with use, Capricorn was one of the first to wear calculator watches, though pagers and cell phones are now the chief adornment to your pockets or purses. Fave Label: Donna Karan Would Look Good On: Christy Turlington 79 AQUARIUS You'll never see a Water Bearer shopping in one of those big, corporate fashion dens that make their profit from monopolies and sweatshops. Thrift stores suit you much better, where you can get the most interesting clothes at the least damage to your pocketbook. You keep up with trends in your own way. You don't buy the new retro fashions, rather you find clothing from the time that this retro was new. Colorful clothing made from hemp, or anything that has shock value, is scattered about your wardrobe. You always have one jump on the next trend, whether or not it finds its way into popular culture. Among the mismatched, eclectic, daring garments in your possession, there is probably at least one gown or suit that is perfectly tailored, perfectly elegant and definitely expensive. Ankles, though often sprained, are your Sign's favorite body part. Indulge in this by wearing anklets, strappy sandals and t-length skirts. Your hair is constantly changing -- you first dyed it green to shock your parents, but later just kept changing the color to catch the attention of the rest of the world. Henna is useful for this scheme. The makeup you wear is bright, fun and completely cruelty free. If you don't feel like it, though, you won't wear any at all. Adorning your body and clothing with turquoise is a good bet for adding beauty into your life. Fave Label: Anna Sui Would Look Good On: Christina Ricci PISCES The Fish likes to be able to flow in and out of clothing with ease. Most at home barefoot, in long, flowing skirts, you are most in tune with the world around you when your clothing is comfortable to the point of nonexistence. Clothes are, in fact, a social construct. You know you can't wander about naked, though, so you go to bargain stores and thrift shops to get yours. If you had it your way, you would probably go about in a bathing suit all day, throwing on a plastic bag or two when it got 80 cold. You're flexible, though. If you buy a power suit and wear it like you mean it, you will eventually grow into it. Once you get past the hang-up of having something on your feet, you're prone to buying tons of shoes, so at least your toes can have some variety in their prison. Moonstones are a good bet to adorn your body in strange places. Belly chains, anklets and, especially, toe rings cast a fantastical glimmer over whatever it is you're wearing. Hair that is long and tangled quickly becomes hair that is long and braided when the Fish needs a quick fix. When left in your natural state, you don't give a lot of thought to clothing. Pisces is a chameleon, however, so wherever you go and whatever you do, you never need to worry about fitting in. Fave Label: Stella McCartney Would Look Good On: Drew Barrymore 3. When you leave the house, you are wearing traditional styles with pleats ironed to a perfect angle. QUESTIONNAIR Walk around the class and find out the peculiarities of the other signs of zodiac to be ready to give answers to the questionnaire. Decide which statement is true to each sign of zodiac: Taurus: 1. Even your workout clothes are created by big name designers 2. You don’t care about what the label on your new garment says as long as you like the way it looks and feels. 3. Always tailored and impeccable you still manage to keep up with the hottest trends in your own way. Leo: 1. The outfits you buy are simple, tailored to feet and will last a lifetime. 2. If a garment is out of your budget, it must be yours. 3. You follow trends as long as they suit you, but you are no slave to fashion. Virgo: 1. Your sexy sign is hard to categorize. 2. You could never be seen in public wearing anything but top quality. 3. You take good care of your clothes and they return the favour. Scorpio: 1. You are master of disguise. 2. Clothing made out of hemp or other natural fibers suit you best. 3. You are more comfortable in business suits than sweats. Sagittarius: 1. You are reasonable enough to want the best, but not to expect to get it on your frugal budget. 2. Sportswear of any kind suits your lifestyle. 81 Capricorn: 1. Comfort comes last in your book. 2. All your clothing is practical. 3. Happy days are not past yet, for long skirt, ponchos and loose-fit jeans suit your perfectly. Aquarius: 1. Your best accessory is a hat and sparkling diamonds to adorn you neck and fingers. 2. Trends and fashion are not the most important part of your wardrobe. 3. Colorful clothing made from hemp, or anything that has shock value, is scattered about your wardrobe. Libra: 1. One day you could be sleek in the latest look, but the next you are kicking back in something romantic and flow. 2. Because of your excellent taste off-the-rack is usually not quite good enough. 3. Strong colours, particularly navy-blue, lift your spirits. Cancer: 1. Happiness is a sweater that has been your friend for years. 2. Hiking boots or sandals adorn your feet on most days. 3. Your favorite colours are gold bronze and orange. Aires: 1. Stiletto hills are silly things when flats are much more comfortable. 2. You should wear your hair up and decorate it with emeralds. 3. You wear the most dearing of styles. 82 Gemini: 1. You probably open your closet in the morning to have a mountain of crumpled garments cascade onto your head. 2. The rich shade of sapphire with your desire for comfortable blue tones. 3. You are bit conscious of your wallet when going clothing shopping. Pisces: 1. You may look out place during dressy occasions, but you are not so concerned about what others think of your looks. 2. Anything dearing with the bold display of colours if your cup of tea, as you long as it makes you look good. 3. You like to be able to flow in and out of clothing with ease. Keys: Leo: 2; Virgo: 3; Scorpio: 1; Sagittarius: 2; Capricorn: 2 ; Aquarius 3; Taurus 1; Libra 2; Cancer 1 ; Aries 3; Gemini 1; Pisces 3 indeed __10__ we wore the styles our great-grandparents __11__. And most people – at least in the West – __12__ fashion to some extent, because fashion __13__ to much more than the haute __14__, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading __15__. Even schoolchildren are aware __16__ fashions exist, and change, in running shoes. Nevertheless, we do tend __17__ distinguish, however imprecisely, between basic clothing, such as blue __18__, parkas, and T-shirts, and the latest __19__ fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the __21__ of which it is a part. It has been influenced __22__ wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts. Individual personalities have also had an __23__ on fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he __24__ come back to Earth 100 years after his __25__ and have only one thing to read, he would choose a __26__ magazine because that would show him the way __27__ lived. CLOSE-TEST 1. Fill in each of the numbered blanks in the following article. Use one word only in each space. Fashion – clothing that is in style __1__ a particular time. The concept of __2__ implies a process of style change, __3__ fashions in dress have taken very __4__ forms at different times in history. Back in Shakespeare's day, only upper-__5__ people dressed fashionably; the mass of __6__ rural peasantry wore simple clothing that hardly __7__ over many generations. Since the beginning __8__ the 20th century, however, fashions __9__ changed rapidly. We would look strange CLOSE-TEST Fashion – clothing that is in style at a particular time. The concept of fashion implies a process of style change, because fashions in dress have taken very different forms at different times in history. In Shakespeare's day, only upper-class people dressed fashionably; the mass of the rural peasantry wore simple clothing that hardly changed over many generations. Since the beginning of the 20th century, however, fashions have changed rapidly. We would look strange indeed if we wore the styles our great-grandparents wore. And most people – at least in the West – follow fashion to some extent, because fashion refers to much more than the haute couture, the exclusive and expensive clothing produced by leading designers. Even schoolchildren are aware that fashions exist, and change, in running shoes. Nevertheless, we do tend to distinguish, however imprecisely, between basic clothing, such as blue jeans, parkas, and T-shirts, and the latest trendy fashions created by fashion designers. Fashion reflects the society of which it is a part. Wars, conquests, laws, religion, and the arts have influenced it. Individual personalities have also had an impact on fashion. French writer Anatole France said that if he could come back to Earth 100 years after his death and have only one thing to read, he would choose a fashion magazine because that would show him the way people lived. 83 84 SPEAKING 1. Analyze your friend’s fashion profile and give a piece of advice how to dress for a certain occasion: Ø a first date Ø theatre Ø party Ø job interview Ø night club PROJECT 1: Fashion Review This Quest will help develop your skills in the field of fashion. Choose your project and use the Websites, class and library materials, the rubric and definitions to guide your journey. Fashion Review Clothing Adaptations History of Fashion 85 Careers in Fashion Poster Version You are a fashion writer for a major newspaper. Find a photograph from a newspaper, magazine or click on one of the fashion Websites and choose an outfit to review. Using the rubric and fashion review definitions (below) as a guide, prepare a poster and provide information for boxes 1-4 on the rubric below. Attach your photograph to your poster. Written Article Version You are a fashion writer for a major newspaper. Find a photograph from a newspaper, magazine or click on one of the fashion Websites and choose an outfit to review. Using the rubric and fashion review definitions (below) as a guide, write a one page fashion review and provide information for boxes 1-4 on the rubric below. Attach your photograph to your poster. 86 Fashion Review Definitions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Elements of Design Describe lines in terms of structural, decorative, straight, curved, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, drapes, or folds. Space refers to the area between lines or print. Do you see any shapes in the silhouette (outside shape) or inside the outfit like triangles, circles, squares, rectangles etc? Describe the color scheme in terms of monochromatic, complementary, value, hue (color), intensity. Describe the textures in this outfit.(shiny, soft, rough, smooth, metallic, fuzzy etc) Principles of Design 1. Do any lines, spaces, shapes, colors or textures draw your attention to a center of interest or emphasis? 2. What about balance? Are the left and right sides of the outfit the same (symmetrical/formal balance) or different (asymmetrical/informal balance)? 3. Proportion refers to where the outfit is divided (waistline, hipline, empire). 4. Rhythm refers to repetition, variation and progression of lines, patterns, colors etc. 5. Harmony refers to agreement between the parts (does it all “go together?”) 87 Fashion Review Rubric Novice Apprentice Practitioner Expert 1. Designer and collection (Fall or Spring) and type of outfit (outerwear, bridal career clothes, evening wear, workout) Identifies 1 of the following: designer, collection, or type of outfit Identifies 2 of the following: designer, collection, type of outfit Identifies all three: designer, collection, type of outfit practitioner + compares and contrasts to other designers or prior collections of this designer 2. Fabrics, decoration (ribbon, lace, ribbon, beads, feathers, etc) and accessories (belts, hats, collars, shoes, boots) Identifies 1 of the following: fabrics, decoration, accessories Identifies 2 of the following: fabrics, decoration, accessories Identifies and discusses all three: fabrics, decoration, accessories practitioner + compares and contrasts to other designers or prior collections of this designer 3.Elements of Design (line, space, shape, color, texture) See Below* Identifies less than 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Identifies all 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Identifies and discusses all 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Practitioner + references to other art forms 4.Principles of Identifies less Design than 5 Elements of Design in (emphasis, balance, rhythm this outfit harmony, proportion,) See Below ** Identifies all 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Identifies and discusses all 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Practitioner + references to other art forms Poster design and photograph Poster Version Fair design and photo Excellent design and photo Plus fabrics or other objects on poster Messy or no photo 88 Organization and Development Written Version Organization & Organization & Organization & Development Development Development good fair need (photo) (photo) improvement Organization & Development excellent (photo) Practitioner + excellent use of vocabulary words Mechanics (caps, spelling, punctuation, grammar,) More than 2 errors in mechanics 1-2 errors in mechanics no errors in mechanics Deadline Assignment in very late Assignment in past due date Assignment in on due date PROJECT 2: Clothing Adaptations You own a business called Clothing Adaptations, Inc. that designs, manufactures and alters clothing for people with physical disabilities. Develop a questionnaire you can use to interview a client to assess their clothing problems, needs and wants. Interview someone with a physical disability using your questionnaire. Write up a summary plan of action for your client (recommendations for new clothing or alterations of existing clothing). Use the Websites on this Fabric Quest and definitions below to help you with your plan. Present your findings to the class. Send a thank you note to the person you interviewed. Definitions for Questionnaire 1. The key is to remember that not all conditions are alike. The type of disability could be severe, such as a complete paralysis or it could be minor, like a stiff shoulder. Each person’s problem areas and special needs must be considered. 2. After you identify the type of disability, focus on the problem areas. People with physical disabilities may find that regular clothing presents problems. For example, people in wheelchairs may find it difficult to dress. Some styles of clothing are uncomfortable for them because they must remain seated most of the time. People with limited hand and finger movement find small buttons and snaps difficult to manage. 89 90 3. Some people with physical disabilities have special clothing needs and require the careful choice of standard clothing. Sometimes ready-made garments or home-sewn garments can be adapted. Seams may be let out or tucks taken in. Sleeves may be shortened. Hems may be taken up or let down. Look for matching or coordinating fabrics to help make changes. 4. Like everyone else, people with disabilities want style. Thus, appearance as well as physical function must be considered. Clothing should be basic in design. Current fashions may not always be workable. Instead, creativity can be shown in the choice of fabric, colors, and patterns. Generally speaking, clothing should meet five requirements: appearance, comfort, safety, durability, and ease of care. Clothing Adaptations Rubric Novice Practitioner Expert Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Plus creative includes less includes 3 includes all 4 topics layout and than 3 topics topics graphics listed at left Summary Plan of Action 1)appearance 2)comfort 3)safety 4)durability 5)ease of care Summary Plan of Action includes less than 4 topics Summary Plan of Action includes 4 topics Summary Plan of Plus creative Action layout and includes all 5 topics graphics listed at left Interview Process Interview is Interview of a conducted in a friend or casual manner relative in a professional manner Appointment made to interview a client at a nursing home or rehab center or their home Interview is recorded for class (with permission of client) Presentation Interview and summary plan are discussed with some detail Interview and summary plan are discussed with detail and a clothing sample is displayed Plus visuals, overheads, flipchart, fabric and clothing samples, etc. 1-2 errors in mechanics no errors in mechanics Plus use of new vocabulary words Limited to a brief overview of interview and summary plan Mechanics (caps, More than 2 spelling, errors in punctuation, mechanics grammar, neatness) Deadline 91 Apprentice Questionnaire 1)type of disability 2)problem areas 3)clothing needs 4)wants-style Assignment in Assignment in Assignment in on very late past due date due date 92 Definitions for Summary Plan of Action 1. Appearance As you have already learned, clothing can be used to highlight a person’s best features and play down others. In general, the face and upper body should be emphasized. For example, a person on crutches might wear an interesting collar. This would draw attention to the face and away from the crutches. Some ways in which braces or other features can be played down include the following: ü Sweaters, vests or loose shirts hide irregularities of the upper body. ü Raised or lowered waistlines add fullness. ü An unfitted dress or suit creates a sleek figure outline. ü Extra fullness at shoulders, waist, or in sleeves makes movement easier and hides figure problems. ü Elastic waistlines add fullness and increase comfort. ü Wide pant legs conceal leg braces. ü Long skirts give a graceful appearance. ü Bright colors draw attention to good features and away from disabilities. 3. Safety is especially important for people with disabilities. Because movement may be limited, poorly designed clothing may get in the way and cause accidents. If a person is in a wheelchair, the length and fullness of sleeves must not hinder the operation of the chair. Pants and skirts should be full enough to cover the body when seated. Yet they should not be so full or long that they get in the way. Belts should be attached to the garment so that they don’t slip or slide. Persons who wear braces should choose clothing that is loose and full enough to cover the brace without getting in the way. When crutches are used, pant length and skirt width are important. Pants that are too long may be caught underfoot and trip the person. Very wide skirts hinder movement. Shoe styles can affect how steady a person is. Shoes with a wide, flat heel are safest. 2. Comfort is important if you must sit in a wheelchair or manage with braces all day. Looses styles are often most comfortable. Separates rather that one piece garments may allow for more movement. Tops worn outside look neater. Step-in or wrap-around styles may be good choices. Garments that open in the front are easier. Openings should be large enough for safe and easy dressing. Pleats, gussets (sewn-in fabric extender) and gathers make movement easier and put less strain on fabric and seams. Raglan sleeves have larger armholes and no shoulder seams. Well-designed pockets can be a real plus for carrying several items. Sometimes pockets can be lined with plastic for carrying damp cloths or medicine. Fasteners should suit individual needs. Zippers, for example, are easy to work. But a larger pull tab may be needed for those whose hands or arms are weak. Small buttons are difficult for some people to manage. Big snaps or buttons may be easier. Velcro fasteners are easy to close, but require some strength to pull apart. Knit fabrics are often a good choice. Knits stretch, making dressing easier. Cottons or cotton blends are cooler in hot weather. Woolens are more comfortable in cold weather. Also look for fabrics that do not wrinkle easily. 4. Durability or toughness of fabric and construction must be considered by people using braces or crutches. The armpits, elbows and knees or garments are strained and rubbed as the person moves. A suede or leather patch may be added to the underarm in order to prevent wear from crutches or armbands. Garments made from closely-woven fabrics may be reinforced with seam tape at seams and pressure points. An extra layer of fabric inside a sleeve or pant leg protects the fabric from rubbing. 93 94 5. Ease of Care People with physical handicaps may exert more energy when moving about and thus perspire more heavily. They may also have more accidents that soil clothing. Therefore their garments should be stain resistant. Cleaning should be easy and economical. Garments made of no-iron fabric are good choices. Look for cotton blended with nylon or polyester. Knit fabrics usually don’t need ironing. History of Fashion Rubric PROJECT 3: History of Fashion You are a free-lance costume designer. A film producer from Paramount Studios in Hollywood is filming a period movie and wants you to design the wardrobe. You must research the style of the period and place and make a poster presentation to the producer and director for their approval before you proceed with the designs. Choose one of the following clothing styles and research it. Use the definitions and focus questions below. You may use books, magazines or visit the Websites. Prepare a poster to present your research. See the History of Fashion Rubric below. Examples of Clothing Styles: You may pick other styles not listed like Hawaiian Island native, Japanese warrior 1900, Italian peasant late 1800’s, etc. Egyptian royalty 1000 BC 1920’s flapper Greece 400 BC 1930’s glamour, depression Roman 50 AD 1940’s wartime Medieval 1000 AD 1950’s post war European 1400 AD 1960’s Camelot, Carnaby, anti-war European late 1500’s American/European 1700’s money 1970’s ethnic, disco 1980’s punk, new wave, new American/European 1800’s American/ European early 1900’s millenium 1990’s simple, retro, athletic Turn of the century, new 95 Practitioner Expert A Focus Questions 1)style (period and place), 2)customs, 3)beliefs, 4)values, 5)economics, 6)technology Poster answers less than 5 focus questions Novice Poster answers 5 focus questions Apprentice Poster answers all 6 focus questions; includes illustrations (see sample poster in classroom) Objects are used in addition to illustrations B Focus Questions 1)Fabric and 2)Accessories Poster answers 1 of focus questions Poster answers both focus questions Poster answers both focus questions; includes illustrations Objects are used in addition to illustrations C Focus Questions Elements of Design (line, Space, shape, color, texture) Identifies less Identifies all 5 than 5 Elements of Elements of Design Design Identifies and discusses all 5 Elements of Design; includes illustrations Plus comparisons to other art forms D Focus Questions Principles of Design (emphasis, balance, rhythm harmony, proportion,) Identifies less than 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Identifies all 5 Elements of Design in this outfit Identifies and discusses all 5 Elements of Design; includes illustrations Plus comparisons to other art forms E Focus Question Summary Presentation of Poster Answers less than 2 questions Public speaking skills need improvement Answers 2 questions Answers all 3 questions Mechanics (caps, spelling, punctuation, grammar, neatness) More than 2 errors in mechanics 1-2 errors in mechanics Deadline Assignment in very late Assignment in Assignment in on past due date due date Fair presentation 96 Answers all 3 questions with details, examples Clear, interesting, Plus speaker is good body enthusiastic and language engages audience well no errors in mechanics Plus excellent use of vocabulary Words History of Fashion Definitions and Focus Questions: Focus Questions B 1. What kinds of fabrics were used to make these clothes? Were the clothes highly decorated or plain? What were the clothes decorated with? Ruffles, lace, ribbon, feathers, fur, gems, buttons? 2. What about the accessories like belts, fans, hats, veils, collars, corsets, shoes, boots? Focus Questions A 1. What is the style of clothing you are researching? Time period? How do the clothes reflect the country’s culture? Geographic location? How do the clothes suit the climate where they were worn? Were these clothes worn by wealthy people or peasants? 2. A custom is a long accepted practice or tradition. (For example, women not exposing their ankles or legs or men always wearing hats) Are there old customs that were discontinued by the introduction of the style you are researching? Were any new customs introduced? Give details and examples. 3. Clothing can reflect beliefs held by people. People’s religious beliefs or belief in magic are expressed in clothing. The Amish believe in simplicity and modesty and this is reflected in their clothing. State any beliefs represented in the style you are researching. Give details and examples. 4. Clothing can reflect the values held by individuals and groups. Some people may value appearance and some may think that comfort is more important. Were the clothes worn for protection from weapons, like a coat of armor,for example. What values are reflected in the style you are researching? Give details and examples. 5. The term economics relates to the way people produce, distribute, and use goods and services. People were once limited to the clothes they could make for themselves unless they were wealthy. During World War II, clothing was kept very simple in order to save fabric for uniforms. Describe how economics plays a role in the style you have chosen to research. Give details and examples. 6. The way a society uses its resources to produce things is referred to as its technology. Technological change has included machinery, new fabrics and mass production. In addition, modern transportation and communication has enabled people to share ideas about fashion more easily. How has technology affected the style you are researching? If the style you are researching is preindustrial revolution, was the clothing hand-made? Who would make it? (the wearer, a tailor or seamstress, a relative etc. (Give details and examples). Focus Questions C For this question, look at the clothing you are researching in terms of the Elements of Design (line, space, shape, color, texture) 1. Describe any structural or decorative lines in the clothes, straight or curved lines, horizontal or vertical lines, drapes and folds? 2. Space refers to the area between lines or print. Describe these on the clothing you are researching. 3. Describe the external shape of the clothing (silhouette). Loose fit or tight? Do you see any internal shapes (like a triangle formed by a v-neck for example) or circles, squares, rectangles in the clothing? Describe. 4. Are any colors used more often than others? Is there a monochromatic scheme? Complementary colors? Explain. 5. Describe the different materials and textures in the clothing. Rough, smooth, stiff, soft, fur, silky, chain-link etc. 97 98 Focus Questions D 1. For this question, look at the clothing you are researching in terms of the Principles of Design (emphasis, balance, proportion, rhythm, harmony) Do any lines, spaces, shapes, colors or textures in the clothing produce a center of interest or emphasis? 2. What about formal balance or symmetry in the design (left and right side of the outfit are the same)? Informal or asymmetrical design is when the two sides are not the same? 3. How about proportion? In other words, where is the outfit divided horizontally? At the waist, hipline, hemline, cuffs? 4. What do you notice about rhythm or how the eye moves with repetition, variation or progression of lines, patterns, colors etc.? 5. And harmony or agreement between the parts (does it all go together? Give examples. Focus Question E Summary: 1) Would you have enjoyed dressing in the style that you are researching? Why or why not. 2) Do you think it would have been comfortable? Discuss. 3) Do you think it would be difficult to keep these clothes clean? Discuss. PROJECT 4: Careers in Fashion Choose a fashion career to research and find the answers to the focus questions on the rubric using the Websites and class materials. Prepare a poster. Plan to present your poster at the "fashion career fair" we will have in class Coco Chanel Fashion Careers advertising apparel worker buyer editor/writer designer (clothes, accessories, textiles) manufacturing marketing *related careers: hair and make-up 99 100 merchandising modeling personal shopper photography retail manager stylist teacher window designer VIII. PICTURES Careers in Fashion Rubric Novice Apprentice Practitioner Pictures for Project 1. Expert Focus Questions 1)Why I chose this career 2)Qualifications 3)Education and Training 4)Working Conditions, hours 5)Earnings 6)How I match up Provides information on poster for less than 5 focus questions Provides information on poster for at least 5 focus questions Provides information on poster for all 6 focus questions plus provides details and additional resources like Websites, examples, charts and graphs Poster 1)at least 22x28 or 3 paneled 2)computer generated fonts 3)illustrated Includes less than 3 at left Includes all 3 at left Includes all 3 at left + good layout and design of poster plus creative layout and design of poster( photos, artwork, fabrics and other visuals) Mechanics (caps, spelling, punctuation, grammar, neatness) More than 2 errors in mechanics 1-2 errors in mechanics no errors in mechanics plus excellent use of vocabulary words Presentation and delivery of poster Delivery needs improvement Fair delivery Good delivery Professional delivery Deadline Assignment in very late Assignment in past due date Assignment in on due date 101 102 Pictures for Text 2, exercise V. 103 Pictures for exercise 9 (Participation Drills) 104 Pictures for exercise 15, 16 (Vocabulary Drills) 105 Pictures for exercises (Participation Drills) and Projects 106 Pictures for exercises (Participation Drills) and Projects Составители: Светлана Александровна Дедова Наталья Николаевна Головина МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ПО РАБОТЕ С ТЕМОЙ “CLOTHES AND FASHIONS” (для студентов гуманитарных специальностей, изучающих английский язык) Технический редактор М.В. Быкова Редактор Л.М. Кицина __________________________________________________________________ Подписано к печати 1.08.03. Формат бумаги 60х84 1/16. Печ. л. 6,75. Уч.-изд. л. 6,0. Тираж 50 экз. Заказ 530. __________________________________________________________________ Издательско-полиграфический отдел ОмГУ 644077, г.Омск-77, пр.Мира, 55а, госуниверситет 107 108
