ACUMER

ACUMER™
WATER TREATMENT POLYMERS
ACUMER™ 5000
Multipolymer for Silica and
Magnesium Silicate Scale Control
Cooling water reuse is frequently limited by a ceiling
on the amount of tolerable silica in the recirculation
water. Normally, if silica levels exceed about 180 ppm
SiO2, severe scaling can occur on heat transfer surfaces. Moreover, the scale that forms is frequently difficult or impossible to remove by conventional
means. ACUMER 5000 silica control polymer has
now raised that ceiling to at least 300 ppm SiO 2,
proven by exacting pilot studies and field trials,
allowing for greater water reuse than ever before.
ACUMER 5000 polymer prevents silica-based scale formation by dispersing colloidal silica and by preventing
magnesium silicate scale formation at the heat transfer surfaces. The unique features of ACUMER 5000
polymer in the treatment of silica limited cooling
water are presented below.
Feature
Your Benefit
as a Service Company
Your Customer's Benefit
Maximum silica
dispersancy and
magnesium silicate
scale inhibition.
Increased cycles of concentration
in silica-limited water. Reduced
blowdown. Maintenance of clean
heat transfer surfaces.
Increased water reuse. Reduction
in chemical use. Maintenance of
process efficacy.
Superior dispersant
for particulates.
Complete fouling control with a
single dispersant. Less inventory
required.
Less risk of fouling due to changing
conditions.
Effective corrosion
control when used
with conventional
corrosion inhibitors.
No special formulating requirements.
Longer plant lifetime.
Chemically and
thermally stable.
Usable in single-package formulation.
Simplified feed and control.
© 2005 Rohm and Haas Company
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The typical physical properties of ACUMER 5000 polymer are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1
TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(these do not constitute specifications)
Molecular Weight
5000
Total Solids, %
44.5 to 45.5
Active Solids, %
42
pH
2.1 to 2.6
Brookfield Viscosity, cp
700 max.
Specific Gravity
Bulk Density, lb/gal (g/cc)
Lb (Kg) of 100% NaOH to
neutralize 1 lb (kg) of polymer
1.2
10 (1.19)
0.131
Colloidal silica, which forms when the solubility level
of silica is exceeded, is difficult to measure under field
conditions, and a total silica mass balance cannot be
achieved with a simple field test. The most effective
method of determining total silica is described in
“Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater”, 17th edition (Method 4500-SiC). A simpler method that converts other forms of silica to
molybdate-reactive silica is described in Rohm and
sm
Haas Technical Bulletin FC-267, “ACUMER TST
,
Total Silica Test for High-Silica Waters”.
As the colloidal silica passes into the Nernst diffusion
layer at the heat transfer surface, it dissolves and
acquires a negative (anionic) charge. Polyvalent
cations, especially magnesium, tend to react with these
anionic colloidal particles effectively “gluing” them
together and ultimately forming a hard, glassy magnesium silicate scale.
FORMATION OF SILICA-BASED SCALE
Silica forms particles with different structures depending upon the pH, presence of other ions and process
by which the particles are formed. The three main
forms of silica encountered in cooling water are:
• Molybdate-reactive silica: frequently referred to as
dissolved silica.
• Colloidal silica: polymerized silica particles of 0.1
micron or less.
• Silicate scale: primarily magnesium silicate, but
may also be iron or calcium silicate.
– 2 –
Figure 1 shows how colloidal silica can dissolve to
form silicate in the high temperature/high pH environment near a corroding cathodic surface where dissolved oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ions. These
freshly formed silicate anions, added to the dissolved
silica already present, can then form magnesium silicate scale (MgSiO3). In addition, colloidal silica
alone can coprecipitate with magnesium hydroxide to
form a scale of magnesium silicate having non-stoichiometric ratios of magnesium to silicate.
FIGURE 1. MAGNESIUM SILICATE SCALE FORMATION
0.1 Micron
Maximum
HO
HO
HO
O O
O iO
Si
Si
Si O
S
O O
O O
O O
O
SiOSi O Si • • • • • • • • • • • • • Si O SiOSi
O
O O
O O
O O
O
i
Si
Si
Si
OS
O O
O
OH
OH
OH
Bulk Water pH 8-9
Ca
OH
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Ca
Mg
Mg
Nernst Diffusion Layer
pH ~ 10
~ 5 - 10 °C Higher Than Bulk
Mg
Fe+3
HO
OH
OH
HO
Fe
Fe
Fe
Mg
Mg
Mg
Fe
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Fe
Mg
Fe
Mg
OH HO
Mg
Fe
Fe
Composite Particle
Mg/Ca/Fe/Silica
HO
Fe
Mg Mg
Mg
Ca
Mg
HO
-
OH
Mg
Mg
Mg
OH
Mg
Fe
Fe+3
OH
Fe
Fe+2 Anodic Area
HO
Cathodic Area
MgSiO3 Scale
Fe0
Mild Steel Surface
– 3 –
Mechanism for Controlling Silica
The remarkable properties of ACUMER 5000 polymer
derive in large part from its three distinctive functionalities. The weak acid (carboxylate) group provides a
means of attaching the polymer to metal ions in solution and to the surfaces of particles or crystals. This
enables the polymer to act as a dispersant to prevent
agglomeration and deposit formation as well as stabilizing contaminants. The strong acid (sulfonate) contributes to this process by increasing the solubility and
charge density of the polymer which enhances electrostatic repulsion of particles.
What sets ACUMER 5000 polymer apart, however, is a
unique third set of functionalities, based on balanced
hydrophilicity and lipophilicity (hydrophobicity)1.
Where the other functionalities operate primarily
through charge-transfer, this so-called HLB functionality promotes physical adsorption on the surfaces of
contaminant particles especially at higher temperatures. By promoting adsorption, this third type of
functionality also contributes to the strength of the
energy barrier (or the net repulsive force) created by
the polymer around the silica particle.
ACUMER 5000 polymer adsorbed on the colloid surfaces provides an energy barrier that prevents precipitation and agglomeration. Moreover, even if the silica
particles precipitate, they are spaced too far apart for
magnesium or redissolved silicate anions to bind them
together. As a result, the scale formed by these particles will be powdery and, thus, easier to remove.
For additional information on these mechanisms
please request the following reprints:
MAGNESIUM SILICATE SCALE
PREVENTION WITH ACUMER 5000
POLYMER
ACUMER 5000 Polymer Action in
Recirculating Water
Photomicrographs using cross-polarized lenses can
be used to study crystal structures. Figure 3 shows the
dispersed silica using ACUMER 5000 polymer in the
recirculating water versus agglomerated silica particles in Figure 2 without polymer.
FIGURE 2.
DRIED FILM OF AGGLOMERATED SILICA
PARTICLES WITHOUT POLYMER AT pH 9
Scale has large well-defined crystals typical of those found
on cooler surfaces in cooling towers.
FIGURE 3.
DRIED FILM OF DISPERSED SILICA
PARTICLES WITH ACUMER 5000
POLYMER AT pH 9
Hann, W. M. and Robertson, S.T. , “Control of Iron
and Silica with Polymeric Dispersants”,
IWC Paper No.90-29 (1990).
Hann, W. M., Robertson, S.T. and Bardsley, J.H.,
“Recent Experience in Controlling Silica and
Magnesium Silicate Deposits with Polymeric
Dispersants”, IWC Paper No.93-59 (1993).
1The idea of enhancing adsorption by balancing
hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties is borrowed from surfactant chemists who use the term HLB (hydrophile/
lipophile balance) to describe surfactant solubility and
adsorption characteristics. Acumer 5000 polymer does not
actually have surfacant-like properties, but it behaves in an
analogous way.
– 4 –
Smaller dispersed “crystals” of colloidal silica.
ACUMER 5000 Polymer Action at Heat
Transfer Surface
PERFORMANCE OF ACUMER 5000
POLYMER
ACUMER 5000 silica control polymer also prevents
formation of magnesium silicate under the conditions found near a heat transfer surface, as shown in
Figures 4 and 5.
Accelerated Pilot Cooling Tower Tests
FIGURE 4.
DRIED FILM OF MAGNESIUM SILICATE
SCALE WITHOUT POLYMER PRESENT
AT pH 10
A series of 3-day pilot cooling tower (PCT) tests were
run to compare the dispersing efficiency of
ACUMER 5000 polymer with that of conventional
products. The water chemistry and operating parameters of the PCT in these studies are shown in
Tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 - MAKEUP WATER CHEMISTRY
Si, as SiO2
50 ppm
Ca, as CaCO3
60 ppm
Mg, as CaCO3
90 ppm
M-Alkalinity, as CaCO3
100 ppm
Fe+3, as Fe
0.05 ppm
TABLE 3 - AVERAGE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Crystals are smaller but more numerous than in Figure 2,
probably due to the presence of many small “magnesium silicate” particles.
FIGURE 5.
DRIED FILM UNDER SAME CONDITIONS
AS IN FIGURE 4, BUT WITH
ACUMER 5000 POLYMER PRESENT
pH
9.0 ± 0.2
Cycles of Concentration
(start-up)
4.5
Cycles of Concentration
( after 3 days)
6.8 to 7.5
Heat Flux
31,520 W/m2
Skin Temperature
105-120°F (41-49°C)
Bulk Water Temperature
100°F (38°C)
The treatment formulation used to evaluate polymer
efficacy consisted of 2 ppm tolyltriazole (TTA), 10 ppm
active polymer, and a 1/1 blend of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) to give
5 ppm total active phosphonate. At start-up, the formulation was fed into the system at three times the
normal strength to compensate for the high concentrations of silica, calcium and magnesium.
Crystals are very small and sparse due to polymer inhibition of magnesium silicate formation which seeds scale formation.
– 5 –
In these accelerated tests, water passed over a series
of four heat transfer rods in succession. Scale
formed on all four rods, with each developing more
scale than its immediate predecessor. This progressive deposition was caused by the water becoming
hotter as it passed over the rods in succession. As the
water temperature rose, the tendency for deposits to
form increased. In repeat tests, the amount of scale
fluctuated dramatically when the polymer was an
ineffective scale inhibitor.
ACUMER 5000 polymer shows only a light dusting of
scale (Figure 6), considerably better than the other
polymers tested (Figures 7 and 8). Within the limits of
experimental error, the scale compositions obtained
with all tests were approximately the same, >80% magnesium silicate (Table 5).
TABLE 5 - SCALE COMPOSITION (%)
ACCELERATED PCT TESTS
Dispersant
Polymaleic
Acid
ACUMER 5000
POLYMER
TABLE 4 - ACCELERATED PILOT COOLING
TOWER TEST RESULTS
Scale Component
Dispersant Polymer
Ca, as CaCO3
7.9
6.8
Mg, as CaCO3
52.2
50.8
Scale Formation, mg
(total from 4 heat transfer rods)
ACUMER 5000
850
Si, as SiO2
34.0
37.2
Polymaleic Acid
>2,500
Fe, Fe2O3
0.4
2.6
Commercial silica
control polymer
P, as phosphonate*
5.5
3.1
>2,500
amorphous
amorphous
Crystalline form
*expressed as 1/1 blend of HEDP/PBTC
Photographs of the heat transfer rods during trial
runs are shown in Figures 6 through 8. Each picture
shows the second heater in the series after two days
of the three-day experiment.
FIGURE 6. HEAT TRANSFER ROD AFTER 2 DAYS—ACUMER 5000 POLYMER
– 6 –
FIGURE 7. HEAT TRANSFER ROD AFTER 2 DAYS—POLYMALEIC ACID
FIGURE 8. HEAT TRANSFER ROD AFTER 2 DAYS—
COMMERCIAL SILICA CONTROL POLYMER
Long-Term Pilot Cooling Tests
ACUMER 5000 polymer was compared to the two
polymers from the previous trials in longer tests;
1) to determine whether concentrating the water
too rapidly gave an artificial negative effect,
2) to analyze scale that might form in the cooler
parts of the PCT, and
3) to measure the impact of the polymer on corrosion.
These products were evaluated in the same water
under the same conditions employed in the accelerated PCT tests (Tables 2 and 3); only the cycling rate and
start-up conditions were different. In the long-term
– 7 –
trials, the water was started at 3 cycles of concentration
(COC), using 2.5 times the normal treatment level,
and then maintained at 5.5 COC (275 ppm SiO2) for
four days to allow any silicate salts or silica to form,
grow and precipitate. The water was then concentrated further to between 7.2 and 7.5 cycles of concentration over the next nine days of the test to reach a theoretical concentration of between 360 and 375 ppm
SiO2 (50 ppm X 7.5). This quantity is approximately
double the recommended maximum for cooling water.
The results of these tests are given in Table 6.
TABLE 6 – SCALE AND CORROSION ANALYSES LONG-TERM PILOT COOLING TOWER TESTS
Dispersant
Polymaleic
Acid
Total deposit weight, mg
Corrosion rate, mpy
Commercial Silica
Control Polymer
1578.0
5.4
ACUMER
5000 Polymer
835.0
5.3
146.0
1.1
Approximate scale
composition, %*
cold
side
heat
exchanger
cold
side
heat
exchanger
cold
side
heat
exchanger
Si
Ca
Fe
P
Zn
S
Trace elements
25.1
6.5
47.5
7.4
0.4
10.5
2.6
52.0
16.1
17.9
6.5
2.8
1.0
3.7
0
1.1
98.9
0
0
0
0
47.5
16.5
27.6
4.3
0.3
0.9
2.9
0
1.5
98.5
0
0
0
0
60.4
16.8
10.3
9.1
0.4
0.3
0.7
*X-Ray fluorescence, excluding magnesium
Note: cold side temperature = 102°F (39°C); heat exchanger temperature = 120°F (49°C)
The results indicate that under the test conditions, ACUMER 5000 silica control polymer yields 10 times
less silica-based scale than conventional polymaleic acid chemistry and 5 to 6 times less scale than the
commercial silica control polymer. Moreover, the corrosion rate with ACUMER 5000 polymer is much
lower than with the two other polymers. The large difference in corrosion rates may be due to underdeposit corrosion occurring with the less effective polymers.
FIELD PERFORMANCE
The benefits of ACUMER 5000 polymer have been substantiated by its performance in four field situations. In each instance, operators of the different facilities faced the problem of processing water
that contained high silica levels and all overcame their difficulties by using ACUMER 5000 polymer
in their cooling water treatment program.
Chiller System Achieves 80% Increase in COC Plus On-Line Cleaning
System
Description:
Two 250-ton cooling water units with a recirculation rate of 580 gpm were used
to cool a high school. The units were treated with a chromate program until 1990. In
March of 1990, the chromate treatment was replaced with molybdate/
zinc/phosphonate to comply with regulations against chromate. Deposits were controlled using 7-8 ppm active ACUMER 2000 copolymer. The pH of the system was
maintained at 7.5 - 8.5.
Problem:
Total hardness of the makeup water was typically about 140 ppm, with a Ca/Mg ratio
of about 1/1. The makeup water typically had about 45 ppm SiO2, and the system
could only achieve about 2.5 cycles of concentration using the molybdate/phosphonate/zinc copolymer treatment. The condenser was opened in 1991 and found to
have light scale containing about 25% silica with most of the balance being iron
oxide.
Solution:
In one of the chiller systems, the copolymer was replaced with an equal concentration
of ACUMER 5000 polymer and blowdown was reduced; all other variables remained
the same. The other chiller system was maintained with the program containing
ACUMER 2000 copolymer.
– 8 –
Results:
The system treated with ACUMER 5000 polymer achieved more than 4.5 cycles of concentration with no silica drop-out. Early in this trial, the chemical feed was stopped
accidentally; a subsequent drop in recirculating water SiO2 levels suggests that some
scaling probably occurred. When the chemical feed was re-established, SiO2 levels
temporarily increased to higher than expected levels, which leads to the conclusion
that the ACUMER 5000 polymer had removed some of the scale. This also suggests
that the dispersing action of the polymer, even when underfed, resulted in the formation of a powdery scale rather than the expected glassy magnesium silicate. The powdery nature of the scale would explain its apparent on-line removal. Data showed that
over 200 ppm SiO2 had been attained in the recirculating water.
Winery Increases Silica in Cooling Water Past Vintage Levels of 150 ppm SiO2
System
Descripion:
A northern California vineyard operates two 560-ton evaporative condensers using
makeup water1 with high silica levels of 92 ppm SiO2. The cooling water system has a
capacity of 18 gallons per minute with water temperatures ranging between 75°F
(24°C) and 85°F (29°C).
Problem:
Initially, a stabilized phosphate program containing HEDP, phosphoric acid, tolyltriazole
and an acrylate-type polymer was used. Scale formed on the evaporative condensers
when silica levels exceeded 150 ppm SiO2 in the recirculating water. This deposit was
found to contain high levels of silicon and magnesium.
Results:
Our customer replaced the existing polymer in his formulation with
ACUMER 5000 polymer. This formulation was dosed into the system to maintain 13
ppm residual orthophosphate and 10-15 ppm active ACUMER 5000 polymer in the
recirculating water. The recirculating water contains 400 ppm M-Alkalinity and had a
pH between 8.5 and 8.7. The customer was able to increase cooling water cycles from
1.6 to 3 COC allowing up to 276 ppm SiO2 in the system.
Thorough visual inspections, after 2 and 5 months, condenser tubes were free of scale.
By switching to ACUMER 5000 polymer, this customer was able to cut his chemical
usage by almost half and save 4 million gallons of water per year.
1 Make-up water analysis: pH 7.8, 138 ppm T-Alkalinity, 92 ppm SiO , 35 ppm Ca as CaCO , 11 ppm Mg,
2
3
7.4 ppm SO4, 18 ppm Cl, <0.1 ppm Fe, <0.3 ppm Mn, 270 ppm TDS.
Cooling System Doubles COC in San Joaquin Valley, California
System
Description:
Two evaporative condenser towers rated at 500 tons were used to cool a large computer
computer facility. One tower was always kept as a backup to ensure continuous operation. The evaporative condensers consist of rows of tubes on the inside of the tower.
The tower water cascades downward to directly contact the condenser tubes leaving a
scale deposit if the water significantly exceeds the normal operating levels of about
180 ppm SiO2 and about 480 ppm (maximum) M-alkalinity. The original treatment
used HEDP, benzotriazole and polymaleic acid with a supplemental feed of polyacrylic acid.
Problem:
The makeup water typically had 90-110 ppm SiO2, allowing only about 2 cycles of concentration. Due to severe drought conditions in this area for the previous 5 years,
water was not readily available and had to be reused to the maximum extent possible.
Solution:
In 1991, the polymaleic acid and polyacrylic acid scale inhibitors used in the old treatment were replaced with an equal weight of ACUMER 5000 polymer. The treatment
was fed to maintain the same levels as before, but the bleedoff was reduced.
– 9 –
Results:
With ACUMER 5000 polymer, the system maintained up to about 4 cycles of concentration without scale or corrosion. Recirculation water has up to 300 ppm total silica
and about 650 ppm M-alkalinity (maximum). Benefits of the reduction in bleedoff
include:
• A calculated 30% reduction in water usage under typical conditions.
• A calculated 30% reduction in chemical usage.
• An increase in holding time which allows the biocide to work more
effectively (since the makeup water has a high organism count).
Water Analysis:
(at steady state)
Makeup
Recirculating
Cycles of
Concentration
pH
Conductivity, µmho
M-Alkalinity, as CaCO3
Ca, as CaCO3
Mg, as CaCO3
Silica, as SiO2
7.8-8.1
330-360
154-180
60-80
56-80
60-70
8.9-9.0
1000-1030
536-540
236-264
260-268
265-300
—
2.9
3.2
3.6
3.9
4.2
Scale Problem Eliminated at Ice-Making Plant
System
Description:
An ice-making plant with a refrigeration capacity of 270 tons had a history of
scale problems, especially on the condenser coils. Silica levels in the makeup water
were 46 ppm SiO2. System temperature ranged between 83°F (28°C) and 91°F
(33°C).
Problem:
The water was treated with an all-organic program which left heavy deposits of silica. A
thorough cleaning with ammonium bifluoride and hydrochloric acid was performed in
the summer of 1992 to remove the heavy deposits. Between August and November of
1992, the COC were maintained at low levels (less than 2) to prevent silica scale. Under
these conditions, CaCO3 still formed on the condenser coils, with head pressure on the
condenser side measuring approximately 230 psi.
Solution:
ACUMER 5000 polymer was added to the system to maintain 15 ppm active polymer in
the recirculationg water, and COC were gradually increased to 6 to 9.
Results:
By February of 1993, head pressure had dropped to the lowest level, 215 psi, indicating no scale. Theoretical silica levels approached 400 ppm SiO2. Ten months after
changing the formulation to one containing ACUMER 5000 polymer, the plant continued to operate without problems.
OTHER APPLICATIONS
Boilers
The superior hydrothermal stability of ACUMER 5000 polymer enables its use for controlling magnesium
silicate scale in boilers operating up to about 600 psig (42 kg/cm2). Above 600 psig, it is recommended
that the silica be removed from the feedwater by external treatment such as ion exchange.
Reverse Osmosis
The ability of ACUMER 5000 polymer to disperse colloidal silica as well as other particulates makes it suitable in formulations for fouling prevention in RO membranes used to treat high-silica water.
– 10 –
TOXICITY
Toxicity data on ACUMER 5000 silica control polymer are presented in Table 7.
TABLE 7
ANIMAL TOXICITY
Acute Oral (LD50), rats
Acute Dermal (LD50), rabbits
Eye Irritation, rabbits
Skin Irritation, rabbits
>5 g/kg
>2 g/kg
Inconsequential irritation
Practically non-irritating
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
Algae, 72-hour EC50
Daphnia magna, 48-hour EC50
Salmo gairdneri, 96-hour LC50
(Rainbow trout)
72.4 mg/l
1040 mg/l
1100 mg/l
SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION
Caution: For Industrial Use Only! Keep Out of Reach of Children! Wear chemical splash
goggles and impervious gloves when handling. An approved respirator, suitable for the
concentrations encountered, should be worn.
FIRST AID INFORMATION
Skin Contact Wash affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water. Consult a physician if irritation
persists.
Eye Contact
Flush eye immediately with plenty of water for at
cian if irritation persists.
least 15 minutes. Consult a physi-
Inhalation
Move victim to fresh air.
Ingestion
If victim is conscious, dilute product by giving 2 glasses of water to drink and then call a
physician. If victim is unconscious, call a physician immediately. Never give an unconscious person anything to drink.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products.
These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers
against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you
obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or
the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your
suppliers of other raw materials used with our product.
Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, workers must have access to and understand
MSDS on all hazardous substances to which they are exposed. Thus, it is important that appropriate
training and information be provided to all employees and that MSDS be available on any hazardous
products in their workplace.
Rohm and Haas Company sends MSDS on non-OSHA hazardous as well as OSHA-hazardous products to both “bill-to” and “ship-to” locations of all our customers upon initial shipment (including
samples) of all of our products. Updated MSDS are sent upon revision to all customers of record. In
addition, MSDS are sent annually to all customers of record.
– 11 –
For additional information, a sample, a Material Safety Data Sheet or to have a technical representative call for
the nearest Rohm and Haas Office.
THE AMERICAS
EUROPE
ASIA/ PACIFIC
Corporate Headquarters
Rohm and Haas Company
100 Independence Mall West
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Phone:1-800-223-3897
Fax: 610-437-5212
France,Verneuil en Halatte
Phone: 33-3-44-61-78-78
Fax: 33-3-44-34-79-60
Australia/ New Zealand
Phone: 61-3-92724222
Fax: 61-3-92724211
France, Paris
Phone: 33-1-40-02-50-00
Fax: 331-43-45-28-19
China, North
Phone: 86-10-6464-3450-60
Fax: 86-10-6464-3466
Germany
Phone: 49-69-78996-0
Fax: 49-69-7895356
China, South
Phone: 86-757-3363-3708
Fax: 86-757-336-5478
Italy
Phone: 39-02-95250-1
Fax: 39-02-95250399
India
Phone: 91-11-464 7570
Fax: 91-11- 464 7683
Canada
Phone: 416-284-4711
Fax: 416-284-2982
Brazil
Phone: 55-11-5185-9000
Fax: 55-11-5182-5110
Mexico
Phone: 525-728-6666
Fax: 525-728-6653
Japan
Phone: 81-3-5488 3100
Fax: 81-3-5488 3179
Philippines
Phone: 63-2-8925091/98
Fax: 63-2-8183908
Singapore/Malaysia
Indonesia
Phone: 65-7350855
Fax:65-7350877
Taiwan
Phone: 886-2-2718-7090
Fax: 886-2-2713-3857
Internet Address:
http://www.acumer.com or www.rohmhaas.com
Thailand
Phone: 66-2-6791030
Fax: 66-2-6791039
ACUMER is a trademark of Rohm and Haas Company, or of its subsidiaries or affiliates. The Company's policy is to
register its trademarks where products designated thereby are marketed by the Company, its subsidiaries or affiliates.
These suggestions and data are based on information we believe to be reliable.They are offered in good faith, but without guarantee, as conditions
and methods of use of our products are beyond our control. We recommend that the prospective user determine the suitability of our materials and
suggestions before adopting them on a commercial scale.
Suggestions for use of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specific patents in this publication should
not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent of the Rohm and Haas Company.
FC-199b(A4)
October 2005
Printed in U.S.A.