ɍȾɄ 621.791 ȿ.ɋ. ɋɚɥɨɦɚɬɨɜɚ E.S. Salomatova ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Perm National Research Polytechnic University ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɇɇɈ-ɅɍɑȿȼȺə ɋȼȺɊɄȺ – ɈɌ ɂɁɈȻɊȿɌȿɇɂə ȾɈ ɇȺɒɂɏ ȾɇȿɃ ELECTRON BEAM WELDING: FROM INVENTION TO OF OUR DAYS Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ, ɩɨɞɬɨɥɤɧɭɜɲɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɢ, ɱɶɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɗɅɋ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɗɅɋ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɚ, ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. The prerequisites considered that prompted scientists to the invention of electron beam welding. Are personalities whose inventions and scientific theories are generally accepted in the electron-beam welding. Keywords: scientists and inventors in the field of EBW, predictors of EBW, electron-beam welding, vacuum equipment, highly concentrated heat source, difficult to weld materials. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɚ (ɗɅɋ) ɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɭɝɨɩɥɚɜɤɢɯ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɵ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ 0,1 ɞɨ 400 ɦɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɗɅɋ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ [1]. 57 ɗɅɋ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ. əɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ȼ. Ƚɪɨɭɜɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1), ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɨɦ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 1852 ɝ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɤɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ. Ɍɨɥɱɤɨɦ, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɢɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɦɨɥɢɛɞɟɧɚ, ɬɚɧɬɚɥɚ, ɧɢɨɛɢɹ, ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɚ, ɰɢɪɤɨɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 60-ɯ ɝɝ. ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ. ɗɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɬɪɭɞɊɢɫ. 1. ȼɢɥɶɹɦ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ Ƚɪɨɭɜ ɧɨɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [2]. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɗɅɋ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 10–4 ɦɦ ɪɬ. ɫɬ. ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ. ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɥɭɱɟ ɞɨ 109 ȼɬ/ɫɦ2 ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɨ 10–7 ɫɦ2 ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ ɫ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɠɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɗɅɋ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ Ⱦ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɨɪɚ, Ⱦ. Ȼɪɢɨɥɵ, ȼ.Ʌ. ȼɢɦɟɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ 1957–1958 ɝɝ. ɍ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɗɅɋ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ʉ.Ƚ. ɒɬɚɣɝɟɪɜɚɥɶɞ (ɎɊȽ). ȼ ɷɬɢ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɥɶɲɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɢɦ. ȿ.Ɉ. ɉɚɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɇɨɜɱɚɧɚ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ [2]. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 60 ɝɝ. XX ɜ. ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɉɥɶɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 2) ɢ Ɉ.Ʉ. ɇɚɡɚɪɟɧɤɨ ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɤɢɧɠɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɥɭɱ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɭɫ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɭɱɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 58 ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɥɭɱɭ (ɪɢɫ. 3). ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ȼ 1964 ɝ. ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɨɫɴɟɦɤɢ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ Ɇ. ɒɜɚɪɰ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɭɱɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɂɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ: ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ Ɍ ~ 5000 Ʉ, ɚ ɭ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɨɧɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2500–3000 Ʉ. ɂ.ȼ. Ɂɭɟɜ ɜ 1968–1967 ɝɝ. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ ɥɭɱɚ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ Ɉɥɶɲɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ (ɜɫɤɢɩɚɧɢɹ) ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ q = 109…1010 ȼɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɫɤɢɩɚɧɢɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɗɬɚ «ɜɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɨɥɭɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ: 1 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɥɭɱ; 2 – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ; 3 – ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ; 4 – ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɲɨɜ 59 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɂ.ȼ. Ɂɭɟɜɵɦ ɢ ɇ.ɇ. Ɋɵɤɚɥɢɧɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 4), ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ [3]. ȼ 1969 ɝ. ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ Ƚɢɞ ɢ Ɍɨɧɝ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɢɧɨɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɥɭɱɚɯ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ: ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 10–60 Ƚɰ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɥɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɚ. Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʌɚɩɬɟɧɨɤ, Ɋɵɤɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ə. Ȼɪɚɜɟɪɦɚɧ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɗɅɋ ɩɨ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ. ȼ 1997 ɝ. ȼ.Ɇ. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ (ɪɢɫ. 5) ɢ ȼ.ȼ. ɍɬɨɱɤɢɧɵɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ. ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ 90-ɯ ɝɝ. ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ȼ.ə. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɦ, ȼ.Ɇ. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ, Ⱦ.ɇ. Ɍɪɭɲɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ-ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ Ɋɢɫ. 5. ȼɚɥɟɪɢɣ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɢɱ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ, ɫɨ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ [4–6]. ȼ.ə. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ [7–9]. ɇɚ ɫɱɟɬɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ. 60 ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɟɥɸɤɨɜɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 6) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɗɅɋ. Ɉɧ ɧɚɲɟɥ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɨɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ, ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ. ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɟɥɸɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɗɅɋ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɧɨɜɲɟɜɫɬɜɨ – ɬɟɪɦɨɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ-ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ [10]. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɋɚɧɤɬɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ ȼ.ȼ. Ȼɚɲɟɧɤɨ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɰɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɗɅɋ. Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɢɱɢɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ. ɉɨɞ ɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨ-ɞɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɬɪɭɛ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ Ɋɢɫ. 6. ȼɚɥɟɪɢɣ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɆɟɥɸɤɨɜ ɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ [11–13]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɗɅɋ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 1. Ȼɚɲɟɧɤɨ ȼ.ȼ., ȼɢɯɦɚɧ ȼ.Ȼ. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ // Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ-2008: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ I ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɬɟɯɧ. ɤɨɧɮ. – ɋɉɛ.: ȼɢɌ-ɉɪɢɧɬ, 2008. – 210 ɫ. 2. ɒɚɥɢɦɨɜ Ɇ.ɉ., ɉɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɂ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: http://www.svarkainfo.ru/rus/lib/ history/h8. 3. Ɋɵɤɚɥɢɧ ɇ.ɇ., Ɂɭɟɜ ɂ.ȼ., ɍɝɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 1978. – 239 ɫ. – (Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɚ). 61 4. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ ȼ.Ɇ., Ɍɪɭɲɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ.ɇ., Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ȼ.ə. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɞɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2012. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 26–31. 5. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ / ȼ.ə. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ [ɢ ɞɪ.] // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɂɠɟɜ. ɝɨɫ. ɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. – 2012. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 46–50. 6. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ-ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ / Ⱦ.ɇ. Ɍɪɭɲɧɢɤɨɜ [ɢ ɞɪ.] // ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. – 2012. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 175–181. 7. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ-ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ / Ⱦ.ɇ. Ɍɪɭɲɧɢɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ, ȼ.ə. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ, Ʌ.ɇ. Ʉɪɨɬɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2008. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 22–24. 8. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ȼ.ə. Ɉ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ // ɎɏɈɆ. – 1987. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 116. 9. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ-ɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ / Ⱦ.ɇ. Ɍɪɭɲɧɢɤɨɜ, ȼ.Ɇ. əɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ, ȼ.ə. Ȼɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ, Ʌ.ɇ. Ʉɪɨɬɨɜ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2008. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 22–24. 10. ɒɢɲɤɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. ȼɚɥɟɪɢɣ Ɇɟɥɸɤɨɜ: ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: http://www.vyatsu.ru/nashuniversitet/obrazovatel-naya-deyatel-nost/istoriya-kafedr/valeriy-melyukov-novoeslovo-v-svarke.html.html. 11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɚɧɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ / Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɢɱɢɧ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ȼɚɥɞɚɣɰɟɜɚ, ȿ.ɘ. ɉɨɡɞɟɟɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. Ɂɟɦɥɹɤɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ƚɭɦɟɧɸɤ // Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɚ. – 2008. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 15. 12. Ƚɢɛɪɢɞɧɚɹ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨ-ɞɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧ / Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɢɱɢɧ, ɂ.Ⱥ. ɐɢɛɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ȼɚɥɞɚɣɰɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɨɩɨɬɚ // ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ. – 2009. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 16–23. 13. Kinetic description of keyhole plasma in laser welding / U. Dilthey, A. Goumeniouk, V. Lopota, G. Turichin // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. – 2000. – Vol. 33, ʋ 21. – ɋ. 2747–2753. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 15.02.2012 ɋɚɥɨɦɚɬɨɜɚ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɧɚ – ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ (614990, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29, e-mail: [email protected]). Salomatova Ekaterina Sergeevna – Senior Lecturer, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (614990, Perm, Komsomolsky av., 29, e-mail: [email protected]). 62