Komov Shvedova Biokhimia

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ÓÄÊ 577.1(075.8)
ÁÁÊ 28.072ÿ73
Ê63
Ñåðèÿ «Âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå: Ñîâðåìåííûé ó÷åáíèê»
îñíîâàíà â 2001 ãîäó
Ð å ö å í ç å í ò û:
ä-ð áèîë. íàóê, ïðîô. Â. Ã. Âèíòåð
(Êàçàíñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò);
ä-ð ìåä. íàóê, ïðîô. Ñ. Ñ. Ìèõàéëîâ
(Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ ôèçè÷åñêîé êóëüòóðû èì. Ï. Ô. Ëåñãàôòà);
ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô. È. Ì. Âàñèëèíåö
(Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò íèçêîòåìïåðàòóðíûõ è ïèùåâûõ
òåõíîëîãèé)
Ê63
Êîìîâ, Â. Ï.
Áèîõèìèÿ : ó÷åá. äëÿ âóçîâ / Â. Ï. Êîìîâ, Â. Í. Øâåäîâà. — 3-å èçä.,
ñòåðåîòèï. — Ì. : Äðîôà, 2008. — 638, [2] ñ. : èë. — (Âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå :
Cîâðåìåííûé ó÷åáíèê).
ISBN 978-5-358-04872-0
 ó÷åáíèêå íà ñîâðåìåííîì íàó÷íî-òåîðåòè÷åñêîì óðîâíå èçëîæåí ìàòåðèàë
ïî ñòðóêòóðíîé è ìåòàáîëè÷åñêîé áèîõèìèè. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå óäåëåíî ïîëèôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòè áåëêîâ è èõ ðîëè â îáåñïå÷åíèè ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ áèîõèìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ è ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôóíêöèé îðãàíèçìà, à òàêæå äèíàìè÷åñêèì àñïåêòàì ôåðìåíòàòèâíîãî êàòàëèçà. Ïðèâåäåíû íîâûå äàííûå î ðåãóëÿöèè ìåòàáîëèçìà è ýêñïðåññèè
ãåíîâ, áèîõèìèè èììóíèòåòà, à òàêæå êëåòî÷íîé è ãåííîé èíæåíåðèè.
Äëÿ ïðîâåðêè óñâîåíèÿ ìàòåðèàëà è ñàìîêîíòðîëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû òåñòû.
Äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ âóçîâ, îáó÷àþùèõñÿ ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ 655500 Áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ. Ìîæåò
áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí ñòóäåíòàìè, îáó÷àþùèìèñÿ ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòè «Ôàðìàöèÿ», à òàêæå
ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòÿì õèìè÷åñêîãî è áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïðîôèëÿ.
ÓÄÊ 577.1(075.8)
ÁÁÊ 28.072ÿ73
ISBN 978-5-358-04872-0
© ÎÎÎ «Äðîôà», 2004
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