հայկական ճարտարապետութիին

ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ
ՃԱՐՏԱՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹԻԻՆ
ՀԱՅԿԱՆՈՒՇ ՄԵԼՔՈՆՅԱՆ
In the realm of Armenian art, architecture takes pride of
place. It was the first of the arts of Armenia to be
seriously studied, and to this day Armenian architecture
receives more scholarly attention than all of the other
arts combined.
Armenian architecture is an architectural style
developed over the last 4,500 years of human habitation
in the Armenian Highland. As it originates in an
earthquake-prone region, tends to be built with this
hazard in mind. Armenian buildings tend to be rather
low-slung and thick-walled in design.
Armenians never used wood or brick when building
large structures.
Only in outlying regions of Armenia, where
tufa is not readily available, was another
stone substituted. In many respects tufa is
an ideal material for construction because it
is light of weight, easy to sculpt, and has the
property of becoming harder and more
durable with exposure to air and the
passage of time.
Ուրարտու - Էրեբունի
Urartian architecture was noted for its use of large, carefully-cut stones, used
as foundations for wood or mud brick buildings, usually constructed in a
compact manner suggest a high degree of planning and craftsmanship.
Erebuni, 781 BC.
Հեթանոսութիւն
The temple of Garni is the only pagan monument left in Armenia, as many others
where destroyed or converted to Christian places of worship under Tiridates III.
Քրիստոնեութիւն
The first Armenian churches were built
between the 4th and 7th century, beginning
when Armenia converted to Christianity, and
ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia.
By the time of the Arab invasion, most of
what we now know as classical Armenian
architecture had formed.
Etchmiadzin Cathedral, 485, restored
in the VIIth and XVIIth centuries.
St. Gayané, Etchmiadzin, 630-641
Ptghni, Abovyan, Armenia, VIth-VIIth century.
Zvart'nots', near etchmiadzin, 641-653.
Բագրատունեանց Հայաստան
From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture
underwent a revival under the patronage of the
Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in
the area of Lake Van. This included both traditional
styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian
Khachkars developed during this time.
This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.
Talin Cathedral, VIIth century.
Bjni, St. Sargis, VIIth century.
Island of Aght'amar, Lake Van,
Church of the Holy Cross, 915-921.
Lake Sevan, Monastery of Holy Apostles and
Mother of God, IXth century.
Մեր գեղեցկութիւնը աշխարհին ցոյց տալու համար է ստեղծուել Անին...
Ani – some call it the
City of 1001 Churches,
others the City of Forty Gates.
Yet no one has called it home for
more than three centuries.
Ani is a ruined and uninhabited medieval Armenian
city-site situated in the Western Armenian province
of Kars, beside the border with Armenia. It stood on
various trade routes and its many religious
buildings, palaces, and fortifications were amongst
the most technically and artistically advanced
structures in the world.
In 1064 a large Seljuk-Turkish army, attacked Ani
and after a siege of 25 days they captured the city
and slaughtered its population.
Կիլիկիա
From the 12th to 14th century Armenian
monasteries were built. Monasteries were
institutes of learning, and much of medieval
Armenian literature was written in this time
period. The invasion of Timurlane and the
destruction of Cilician Armenia ended
architectural progression from another 250
years.
Amberd fortress, XIth-XIIIth centuries.
Paperon, Cilicia, fortress, XIIth century.
Sanahin, bridge, XIIth century.
Tatev Monastery, IX-XIth centuries.
Goshavank Monastery, XIIth-XIIIth centuries.
Kech'aris Monastery, XIIth century
Noravank Monastery,
Church of Mother of
God, 1339.
Haghartsin Monastery, XIth-XIIIth centuries.
Поездив по свету, смею утверждать, что ни в одной
стране мира, даже в Италии, не сохранилось, а может
быть, и не было построено столько аннесредневековых,
то есть первого тысячелетия, великолепных сооружений:
церквей, гавитов, книгохранилищ, монастырских
комплексов, крепостей. И это несмотря на почти не
прекращавшиеся войны и землетрясения.
Практически в каждом селе или городе вы встретите
сооружение не старше XIII века, а если повезет, то и
VII-го, или какой нибудь диковинный кирпичный
арочный мост, которому будет как минимум несколько
веков.
Вся Армения это музей великолепного строительного
мастерства под открытым небом.
Contemporary examples of
Armenian Architecture
The Holy Mother of God Cathedral (1940)
at theCatholicossate of the Great House of
Cilicia in Antelias, Lebanon
St. Gregory The Illuminator Armenian Apostolic
Church (1928) in Cairo,Egypt
Holy Cross Church (Sourp Nshan)
in downtown Beirut, Lebanon
Saint Paul Armenian Church (1979)
in Fresno, California
Saint Mary Armenian Apostolic Church (1983)
in Toronto, Canada
Saint Sarkis Church(1970)
in Tehran, Iran
The Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral
(2001), Yerevan, Armenia
the largest Armenian church in the world
St Gregory Armenian Church in Springfield, MA
The Saint Gregory the Illuminator Armenian
Catholic Church (2001) in Glendale, CA
St. Kevork Armenian Church, Aleppo, Syria
The Patriarchate of
Constantinople
St James church in the Armenian sector, Jerusalem
Khor Virap, Monastery of St. Gregory's pit, at the foot of Mt. Ararat, XVIIth century.