концепция космического радиолокатора СВЧ

Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɋȼɑ-ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ
ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
ȼ.ɘ. Ʉɚɪɚɟɜ, Ɇ.Ȼ. Ʉɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ȿ.Ɇ. Ɇɟɲɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɊȺɇ
603950, ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ, ɍɥɶɹɧɨɜɚ, 46
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ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɢɡ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɟ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɚ ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɬ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ 800 ɤɦ, ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 355 ɤɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ 14 ɤɦ ɯ 14 ɤɦ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɋȼɑ-ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ, ɦɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɦ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. Ɍɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɬɟɩɥɨ- ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɨɜ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ.
ɋɛɨɪ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ. ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɛɨɪ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɭɲɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɟɜ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɫɫ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Sea Wind ɫ ɭɡɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ Quikscat (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫ.1). ɋɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
ɒɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ. ȼɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɭ «ɜɢɞɟɬɶ» ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ NSCAT.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɢ ɛɨɪɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ Sea Wind, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚ249
ɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɨɞ 6-10 ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪ SEA WINDS. Ⱥɧɬɟɧɧɵ 1,80ɯ1,60 , ɢ 1,70ɯ1,40 , ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ 25ɤɦ, ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɚ 1400 ɤɦ,
ɭɝɨɥ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ - 470 ɢ 550
Ɋɢɫ.2. ɋɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ 5,3ȽȽɰ, ɚɧɬɟɧɧɚ 230ɯ2,50, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ 15 ɢ 50 ɤɦ,
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɚ 1400 ɤɦ, ɭɝɨɥ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 280 ɞɨ 510
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɚ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɩɨɥɟɦ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
250
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ
ɇɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, [1, 2].
ȼɵɫɨɬɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɥɶɬɢɦɟɬɪ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɥɶɬɢɦɟɬɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
Ɇɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɭ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1q x 25q. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ 800 ɤɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0,5 ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 14u355 ɤɦ.
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɬɤɚ ɫ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ 50u50
ɤɦ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɟ ɢ 25u25 ɤɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɹɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ (ɩɨ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɝɥɭ). ɍɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɭɸ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɚɧɨɪɚɦɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ) ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɭ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ
ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ 355 ɤɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɞɢɪ (ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0,5 ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɭɝɥɚɯ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɡɢɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ Ʉɢɪɯɝɨɮɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ V 0 ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɢɪɧɨɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ [3]:
V0
Rɷɮɮ (U10 )
2
2
V xx2 G x2 5,521 / 2 V 2yy G y2
5,52
1 / 2 ,
(1)
ɝɞɟ G x , G y – ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 0,5 ɩɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
2
ɢ V 2yy – ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɞɜɭɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɹɯ; V xx
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ; U 10 – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 10 ɦ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
251
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Rɷɮɮ (U10 ) ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ɏɪɟɧɟɥɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɪɹɛɶɸ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ), ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ ɪɹɛɢ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ).
Ɇɟɥɤɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ (ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ) ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɸɬ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɡɵɛɢ, ɞɥɢɧɵ
ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɧɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬ ɧɚɲɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ
ɋȼɑ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Ⱦɇ) ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ( G x G y ), ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚɞɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ Ⱦɇ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɢ ɫ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ
ɭɡɤɨɣ Ⱦɇ (ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ G x G y << V xx , V yy ), ɬɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ [3]:
V 2yy
G y2V 02 ( ɧɨɠ ) G x2V 02 ( ɭɡɤɚɹ)
5,52 V 02 ( ɭɡɤɚɹ) V 02 ( ɧɨɠ )
,
(2)
ɝɞɟ V 0 ( ɧɨɠ ) – ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ Ⱦɇ ɢ V 0 ( ɭɡɤɚɹ)
– ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɫ ɭɡɤɨɣ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ Ⱦɇ.
252
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 10 ɦ, ɚ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɨɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɂ ɷɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɚ, ɬ.ɤ.
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨ- ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɦ ɢ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ.
ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɹɱɟɣɤɭ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɟɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɩɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ,
ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɧɚɤ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4ɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ
ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɦ ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɫɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɹɬɧɨɦ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 4ɚ) ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɦ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4ɛ).
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ (ɚ)
ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɛ)
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ "ɨɞɧɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ" ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɤɜɚɡɢɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ253
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ
ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɤɚɤ
ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɥɶɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɦ.
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ (Ɋɢɫ. 5). ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɪɚɳɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɚ
ɍ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ, ɧɨ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ.
ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɬ.ɤ. ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɜɢɞɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ/ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɚɧɨɪɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɭɝɥɚɯ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ [4]:
V0 #
Rɷɮɮ (U10 )
2
2 cos 4 T 0V xxV yy
ª tg 2T1 º
,
exp «
2 »
«¬ 2V xx »¼
254
(3)
ɝɞɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ «xx» ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ), ɚ «yy» – ɤ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ (1qx25q) ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ.
Ⱦɜɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ X ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 14u14 ɤɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ
ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɡ (3):
V x21
tg 2T1 tg 2T 2
2 ln V 0 (T 2 ) cos 4 T 2 /(V 0 (T1 ) cos 4 T1 )
,
(4)
ɝɞɟ T1 ɢ T 2 – ɭɝɥɵ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɚ V 0 (T1 ) ɢ V 0 (T 2 ) – ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɣ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɬɨ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɯɨɞɟɧ ɫ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɫɤɚɬɬɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɹɱɟɣɤɭ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɭɸ ɹɱɟɣɤɭ 6 ɪɚɡ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɞ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɤ ɡɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɱɭɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 6 ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ 800 ɤɦ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɦ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɢɡ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ: 1) ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ 2) ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɧɨɠɟɜɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɨɣ.
255
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ
ɤɜɚɡɢɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɟ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ «ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ» ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɪɛɢɬɵ 800 ɤɦ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɟɧɧɵ
1qx25q ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 350 ɤɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 14u14ɤɦ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ʋ 09-05-97016-ɪ-ɩ-ɚ ɢ ʋ 10-05-00181-ɚ).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ʉɚɪɚɟɜ ȼ.ɘ., Ʉɚɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɇ.Ȼ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ, 1999, N4, ɋ.14-21.
Ɇɟɲɤɨɜ ȿ., Ʉɚɪɚɟɜ ȼ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɨɩɥɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɭ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɋȼɑ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ // ɂɡɜ. ȼɍɁɨɜ, ɫɟɪ. Ɋɚɞɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ, 2004, 47, N3, ɋ. 231-244.
Karaev V.Yu., Kanevsky M.B., Cotton P.D., Challenor P.G. Is it possible to measure ocean surface
slopes with a microwave radar? // International Journal on Remote Sensing, 2002, v.23, N16, pp.
3251-3262.
ɂɫɚɤɨɜɢɱ Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɋɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ // ɀɗɌɎ, 1952, ɬ.
23, ʋ 3, ɋ. 305-314.
Concept of the Microwave Space Radar with Knife-Like Beam Antenna
V. Karaev, M. Kanevsky, Eu. Meshkov
Institute of Applied Physics RAS
603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanova, 46.
E-mails: [email protected]
A new concept of radar for remote sensing of the ocean is discussed. As a space system the Doppler radar with
knife-like beam antenna oriented in nadir is suggested. Two alternatives of the space Doppler radar with a knife-like
beam antenna are considered. In the first case, a footprint of antenna is oriented along a track and the variance of
slopes is retrieved only along the flight track. In the second case it is offered to use rotation of the antenna around of
vertical axis and due to this the information on a variance of slopes, direction of wave propagation and near surface
wind speed may be obtained over a few hundred kilometer swath; for example, at altitude of orbit of 800 km, the
swath is approximately 350 km with the resolution cell 14 u 14 km.
Keywords: backscattering of microwave signal, sea waves, space radar, algorithms of data processing
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