Оганян Н.Б.

Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2013¿
Ñåêöèÿ ¾Èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè è ðåãèîíîâåäåíèå¿
Àíòîíèìèÿ â ðîìàíå Äýíà Áðàóíà "Àíãåëû è äåìîíû"
Îãàíÿí Íàòåëëà Áàãäàñàðîâíà
Ñòóäåíò
Þæíûé ôåäåðàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Ôàêóëüòåò ëèíãâèñòèêè è ñëîâåñíîñòè (ÏÈ),
Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíó, Ðîññèÿ
E-mail: [email protected]
Îäíèì èç ñàìûõ èçâåñòíûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñîâðåìåííîé ëèòåðàòóðû ÿâëÿåòñÿ àìåðèêàíñêèé ïèñàòåëü Äýí Áðàóí, àâòîð òàêèõ îñòðîñþæåòíûõ ðîìàíîâ, êàê ¾Êîä äà
Âèí÷è¿, ¾Òî÷êà îáìàíà¿, ¾Öèôðîâàÿ êðåïîñòü¿, ¾Óòðà÷åííûé ñèìâîë¿ ¾Àíãåëû è äåìîíû¿. Êíèãè Äýíà Áðàóíà ïåðåâåäåíû áîëåå ÷åì íà ñîðîê ÿçûêîâ, îáùèé òèðàæ åãî
áåñòñåëëåðîâ ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ ê âîñüìè ìèëëèîíàì ýêçåìïëÿðîâ. Ñòîëü âûñîêàÿ ïîïóëÿðíîñòü îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ èíòåãðàöèåé ìíîãèõ ôàêòîðîâ. Ïèñàòåëü äåëàåò ñòàâêó íà ïîòðåáíîñòü ÷åëîâåêà â âåðå, íà åãî ñòðåìëåíèå ïðîíèêíóòü â òàéíû ìèðîçäàíèÿ.  ñâîèõ
ïðîèçâåäåíèÿõ îí ïîäíèìàåò âå÷íûå ôèëîñîôñêèå âîïðîñû: êàê ïîÿâèëñÿ ìèð, ñóùåñòâóåò ëè Áîã, êòî Èèñóñ Õðèñòîñ, âåðèòü ëè íàóêå èëè ðåëèãèè. Áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ
ê ðîìàíàì Äýíà Áðàóíà òàêæå îáóñëîâëåí òåì, ÷òî àâòîð ïðèîáùàåò ÷èòàòåëÿ ê èñòîðèè èñêóññòâà è ðåëèãèè, ñíàáæàÿ ïîâåñòâîâàíèå ìíîæåñòâîì íàó÷íî-èñòîðè÷åñêèõ
ôàêòîâ è ãèïîòåç â ÿðêîé è äîñòóïíîé ôîðìå. Ýòî âûçûâàåò ðàäîñòü óçíàâàíèÿ, âîñòîðæåííîå îùóùåíèå ïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ ê òàéíûì çíàíèÿì. Åù¼ îäíèì ôàêòîðîì, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèì ãðàíäèîçíîìó óñïåõó êíèã Äýíà Áðàóíà, ÿâëÿåòñÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíûé ñòèëü
ïèñàòåëÿ, êîòîðûé õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ øèðîêèì ïðèìåíåíèåì ïðè¼ìà êîíòðàñòà. Äëÿ åãî
ñîçäàíèÿ àâòîð èñêóñíî èñïîëüçóåò îïïîçèöèè êàê ëåêñè÷åñêèõ, òàê è ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ
àíòîíèìîâ, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðûõ îí êîíòðàñòíî îòòåíÿåò õàðàêòåðû ãåðîåâ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ, óòî÷íÿåò îïðåäåë¼ííûå ÿâëåíèÿ, äåëàåò ïîâåñòâîâàíèå ÿðêèì è ýêñïðåññèâíûì.
Âñ¼ ýòî ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü â ðîìàíå ¾Àíãåëû è äåìîíû¿, êîòîðûé ïîñòðîåí íà ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëåíèè íà âûñøåì ñîäåðæàòåëüíîì óðîâíå, êîòîðîå â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü âîïëîùàåòñÿ
â àíòîíèìàõ íà óðîâíå ôîðìû. Îñíîâíîé ñþæåò è öåíòðàëüíàÿ èäåÿ ðîìàíà ïîñòðîåíû
íà ïðîòèâîñòîÿíèè ðåëèãèè è íàóêè, äîáðà è çëà. Óæå ñàìî íàçâàíèå ¾Àíãåëû è äåìîíû¿ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñèñòåìíóþ ëåêñè÷åñêóþ àíòîíèìè÷åñêóþ ïàðó, îòíîñÿùóþñÿ ê
ñôåðå ðåëèãèè.  ðîìàíå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ìíîæåñòâî ëåêñè÷åñêèõ àíòîíèìîâ, îòðàæàþùèõ
äóàëèñòè÷íîñòü (äâîéñòâåííîñòü), ñâîéñòâåííîé ðåëèãèîçíîé êàðòèíå ìèðà [Èëü÷åíêî,
2008]. Áèíàðíûå îïïîçèöèè, âñòðå÷àþùèåñÿ â ðîìàíå, ñîäåðæàò òàêèå àíòîíèìè÷íûå
ñåìû, êàê ¾ðàé/àä¿, ¾äåíü/íî÷ü¿, ¾çåìíîå/íåáåñíîå¿, ¾ñâåò/òüìà¿, ¾ñâÿòîå/ãðåøíîå¿,
¾æèçíü/ñìåðòü¿, ¾ëþáîâü/íåíàâèñòü¿, ¾äîáðîå/çëîå¿. Íàïðèìåð: (1) He held the science
and religion were not enemies, but rather allies-two dierent languages telling the same story,
a story of symmetry and balance ...heaven and
hell , night and day, hot and cold, God and
Satan. Both science and religion rejoiced in God`s symmetry. . . the endless contest of light
and
dark. (2) It was a horrifying, fty-foot-tall depiction of Jesus Christ separating mankind
into the
righteous and sinners, casting the sinners into hell. Ñëåäóÿ ïðèíöèïó ñèììåòðèè,
Äýí Áðàóí âûñòðàèâàåò ñþæåò âîêðóã ïîèñêà àíòèâåùåñòâà (antimatter), êîòîðîå îäèí
èç ãåðîåâ îïðåäåëÿåò êàê ¾ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü âåùåñòâà¿ (matter`s oppositå).
ÿâëÿåòñÿ àôôèêñàëüíûì àíòîíèìîì ñëîâà
Antimatter
matter . Äðóãèå àôôèêñàëüíûå àíòîíèìû
äàííîãî òèïà (îòðèöàòåëüíûé/íóëåâîé àôôèêñ) ìîæíî íàéòè â ðîìàíå íàðÿäó ñ àíòî-
1
Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2013¿
íèìàìè, c êîððåëèðóþùèìè àíòîíèìè÷íûìè àôôèêñàìè. Íàïðèìåð: (1) Four couplets
of
unstressed syllables. (2) Our external walls are shielded electronically to
internal communications.  ðîìàíå ¾Àíãåëû è äåìîíû¿ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ òàêæå
stressed and
protect our
è ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå àíòîíèìû, ïîä êîòîðûìè â ëèíãâèñòèêå ïîíèìàþòñÿ àíòîíèìè÷íûå
ñëóæåáíûå ñëîâà, ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå ôîðìû, ìåæ÷àñòåðå÷íûå àíòîíèìû è ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèå êîíñòðóêöèè [Áîåâà-Îìåëå÷êî, 2013]: îïïîçèöèè àðòèêëåé: (1) Believe it or
The Pantheon? The
the Pantheon. Àíòîíèìè÷åñêàÿ ïàðà íóëåâîé/îïðåäåë¼ííûé àðòèêëü ïîä-
not _Raphael`s buried in _Pantheon. Vittoria looked surprised. Raphael and
÷¼ðêèâàåò çíà÷èìîñòü ñóáúåêòà, ïåðåä èìåíåì èëè íàçâàíèåì êîòîðîãî è ñòîèò îïðåäå-
in
out ; Îïïîçèöèè ïðåäëîãîâ: (1) The Catholic Church will continue with or without
ë¼ííûé àðòèêëü; îïïîçèöèÿ ïîñëåñëîãîâ: (1) The images around him blurred, drifting
and
Vatican City. Äàííàÿ àíòîíèìè÷åñêàÿ ïàðà ïðåäëîãîâ óñèëèâàåò êàòåãîðè÷íîñòü âûñêàçûâàíèÿ, òåì ñàìûì ïîêàçûâàÿ ðåøèòåëüíîñòü êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâè. (2) Now, across
the piazza, men moved
in and out of the church. Îïïîçèöèÿ ïðåäëîãîâ in/out âûðàæàåò
ïîñòîÿíñòâî äâèæåíèÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñîçäà¼òñÿ îùóùåíèå ñóåòû è ïåðåïîëíåííîñòè
ïëîùàäè ëþäüìè; îïïîçèöèè ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ ôîðì: (1) You believe God chose you?
I
did . Ànd I do .
(îïïîçèöèÿ ïðîøåäøåå/íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ). Äàííàÿ îïïîçèöèÿ ïîêà-
çûâàåò òî, ÷òî ãåðîé âåðåí ñâîèì óáåæäåíèÿì. (2) They killed
privately, dropping bodies
when no one was looking. . . . you are going to brand and kill these men
in public ? (îï-
ïîçèöèÿ ìåæ÷àñòåðå÷íûõ àíòîíèìîâ: íàðå÷èå/ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå). îïïîçèöèè ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèõ êîíñòðóêöèé (àôôèðìàòèâíîå/íåãàòèâíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå). Íàïðèìåð: (1) The
purple spots in his vision quickly
faded. The guilt, however, did
not. Â ðîìàíå Äýíà Áðàóíà
òàêæå ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü òàê íàçûâàåìûå òåêñòîîáóñëîâëåííûå çàìåñòèòåëüíûå (ñóáñòèòóöèîííûå) àíòîíèìû, ò.å. ñëîâà, êîòîðûå çàìåùàþò âîçìîæíûå ñèñòåìíûå àíòîíèìû è
ìîãóò îáðàçîâûâàòü àíòîíèìè÷åñêèå îïïîçèöèè íå ñ êîíêðåòíûìè, à ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñ ëþáûìè ÿçûêîâûìè åäèíèöàìè (unlike, otherwise, opposite è ïîä.) [Áîåâà-Îìåëå÷êî,2013,
otherwise . (= Do not
pretend that you didn`t come for the woman). (2) God is in all things! Except science. (=
73-74]. Íàïðèìåð: (1) You've come for the woman. Do not pretend
God isn`t in science). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìîæíî ïðèéòè ê âûâîäó, ÷òî øèðîêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå àíòîíèìè÷åñêèõ ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëåíèé ðàçíûõ óðîâíåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ âàæíûì ïðèçíàêîì
èäåîñòèëÿ Äýíà Áðàóíà. Äàííûå ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëåíèÿ â ðîìàíå ¾Àíãåëû è äåìîíû¿
ñïîñîáñòâóþò ñîçäàíèþ êîìïîçèöèîííî-ñìûñëîâîé ñòðóêòóðû öåëîãî ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ çà
ñ÷¼ò âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ êîíòðàñòà ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñ êîíòðàñòîì ôîðìû.
Ëèòåðàòóðà
1. Áîåâà-Îìåëå÷êî Í. Á. Ãðàììàòè÷åñêàÿ àíòîíèìèÿ â ñîâðåìåííîì àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå. Ðîñòîâ í/Ä: ÈÏÎ ÞÔÓ, 2013.
2. Èëü÷åíêî À. Â. Áèáëèÿ êàê îáðàçåö òåêñòà, ïîñòðîåííîãî ïî ïðèíöèïó êîíòðàñòà:
àâòîðåô. äèñ. . . . êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê. Ðîñòîâ í/Ä, 2008.
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