Восстановление изображения 3D‑объекта по его перспективным

ɋɌȺɌɂɋɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ
ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɆɈɁȽȺ ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ ɉɊɂ ɉȺɋɋɂȼɇɈɆ
ɇȺȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ ɋɌɂɆɍɅȺ ɂ ȼ ɁȺȾȺɑȿ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ ȼɕȻɈɊȺ
Ɉ.Ⱥ. ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜɚ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɏɨɤɢɧ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜ, Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɏɚɪɚɭɡɨɜ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ,
ɘ.ȿ. ɒɟɥɟɩɢɧ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ. ɂ.ɉ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ, 199034 ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɧɚɛ.
Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ, 6, ɬɟɥ. 328-45-71, email: [email protected];
* ȼɨɟɧɧɨ-Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɢɦ. ɋ. Ɇ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɚ, ɤɚɮ Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ, ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɆɊɌ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ 2 ɫɟɪɢɢ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
«ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ» ɧɚ «ɜɵɯɨɞɟ». Ȼɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɩɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ (V. A. Fokin et all). ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ,
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɭɸ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɨɜ
ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ. ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ 1 ɫɟɦɶ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ 10×10
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ƚɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ (ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ). Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ
2 ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɛɥɨɤɟ Ⱥ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ. ȼ ɛɥɨɤɟ ȼ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ.
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ ȼ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ Ⱥ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɫ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɭ.
ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ 2 ɫɟɦɟɪɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ
(ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɚ) ɥɢɛɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ (ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɛ) ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ 1 (ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥ), ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ (ɛɥɨɤ ȼ). ɂɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ, ɧɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɆɊɌ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ 1,5Ɍ ɆɊɌ-ɫɤɚɧɟɪɟ
(Siemens®) ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ TR=3700 ɦɫɟɤ, TE=50 ɦɫɟɤ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɡ 36 ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ. ɋɪɟɡɵ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɢɤɨɦɢɫɫɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɛɥɨɤ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ 20 ɪɚɡ. 10 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ (ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɥɨɤɭ Ⱥ ɜ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ) ɢ 10 ɪɚɡ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɩɨɤɨɹ (ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ ɜ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ). Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ
360
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ 10 ɪɚɡ, (Ⱥ ȼ Ⱥ ȼ Ⱥ ȼ). ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɨ 200
ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɆɊɌ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ SPM5 (Wellcome Department of
Imaging Neuroscience, UCL. http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/) ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
MATLAB v. 7.0 (Mathworks Inc., Sherborn, MA), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ Ɉɋ Windows XP SP3.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1.
Ⱦɜɟɫɬɢ «ɫɵɪɵɯ» epi-ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ
DICOM-mosaic, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ NiFTI. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ MRI Convert v. 2.0. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɜɲɚɹ
ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
1)
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ (realigning);
2)
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (normalization);
3)
ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
(smoothing)
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ 200 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ MNI (Montreal
Neurological Institute). ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɮɮɢɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɢ
ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ 3Dɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ). ɀɟɫɬɤɨɟ ɚɮɮɢɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɮɮɢɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ 12 ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ (3 ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, 3
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, 3 ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ x, y, z ɢ 3 ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ). ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɜɨɤɫɟɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 2ɯ2ɯ2 ɦɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɚɩɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ Ƚɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ
ɩɨɥɭɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ (Full-Width at Half Maximum, FWHM) ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 8 ɦɦ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ x, y, z.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɨɤɫɟɥɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ (A) ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ (ȼ) ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ 1 (A>ȼ, ȼ>Ⱥ) ɞɥɹ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɨɝɨ. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ 2 ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ ɞɥɹ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ (ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɚ) ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ (ɫɥɭɱɚɣ
ɛ) ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (ɛɥɨɤ A) ɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ (ɛɥɨɤ ȼ).
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɛɵɥ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɨɞɧɨɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ t-ɬɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ B.O.L.D.-ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ.
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ. ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ xjView (SPM5 toolbox).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ 1 (A>B
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ) ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɬɵɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ.
ɋɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɹɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɞɧɸɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɠɧɟɜɢɫɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɢɠɧɟɡɚɬɵɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ (ɩɨɥɟ 19 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ).
ɗɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɰɢɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
(LOC). ɗɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɨɧ ɜɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (Grill-Spector
et all, 2000, Kourtzi et all, 2001). Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɬɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɤɥɢɧɶɹ (ɩɨɥɟ 7 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ).
361
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ 1 (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ B>A) ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɜɢɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɦɨɡɝɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. Ɏɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ:
ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɢ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (ɩɨɥɹ 9 ɢ 10 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ), ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɣ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧɵ
(ɩɨɥɟ 32 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɤ ɥɢɦɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. ȼɢɫɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɩɟɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ
ɧɢɠɧɟɜɢɫɨɱɧɨɣ, ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɢ ɥɟɜɚɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɢɫɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ (ɩɨɥɹ 20, 21), ɥɟɜɚɹ ɮɭɡɢɮɨɪɦɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (ɩɨɥɟ 36).
Ɍɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɤɥɢɧɶɟ, ɥɟɜɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧɚ, ɩɪɚɜɚɹ
ɢ ɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɬɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ (ɩɨɥɹ 39 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ). Ʌɢɦɛɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ: ɥɟɜɵɣ ɡɚɞɧɢɣ
ɨɬɞɟɥ ɩɨɹɫɧɨɣ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧɵ, ɥɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɝɢɩɩɨɤɚɦɩɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɧɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɬɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɢɫɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
(LOC) ɟɳɟ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɩɨɥɹ 7 ɩɨ Ȼɪɨɞɦɚɧɭ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ "ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ"
ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ
ɦɚɥɨ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɟɝɨ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɮɆɊɌ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ
ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ. ɗɬɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ
ɡɨɧɚɦɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɥɨɛɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɨɛɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɟ
ɜɟɧɬɪɨɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (SPM)
362
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ – ɦɚɬɪɢɰ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ 100 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ƚɚɛɨɪɚ
(10×10)
Ⱥ.
Ȼ.
Ⱥ. Ʌɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ – ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ, ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ –
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ȼ.
Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɥɟɜɚ – ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ
ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɩɪɚɜɚ – ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ.
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Ȼɟɥɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚ Ⱥ>ȼ; ɑɟɪɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚ ȼ>Ⱥ
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Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ:
1. ɒɟɥɟɩɢɧ ɘ. ȿ., Ɏɨɤɢɧ ȼ. Ⱥ., ɏɚɪɚɭɡɨɜ Ⱥ. Ʉ., ɉɪɨɧɢɧ ɋ. ȼ., ɑɢɯɦɚɧ ȼ. ɇ..
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɜ.// Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɇɚɭɤ, 2009, ɬɨɦ 429, ʋ 6, ɫ. 835–837
2. ɘ.ȿ. ɒɟɥɟɩɢɧ, ȼ.Ⱥ. Ɏɨɤɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ʉ. ɏɚɪɚɭɡɨɜ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜɚ, Ƚ.ȿ. Ɍɪɭɮɚɧɨɜ,
Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜ,ɇ. Ɏɨɪɟɦɚɧ, ɋ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɧɢɧ, ȼ.ɇ. ɑɢɯɦɚɧ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ //
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɨɩɬɢɤɚ - 2010» ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ.
3. K. Grill-Spector, T. Kushnir, T. Hendler, R. Malach, The dynamics of object-selective
activation correlate with recognition performance in humans //Nature Neurosci. 3(8),
837, 2000.
4. Zoe Kourtzi and Nancy Kanwisher Representation of Perceived Object Shape by the
Human Lateral Occipital Complex // SCIENCE, VOL 293, 2001
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