Document 2533703

advertisement
!"
#
$
%
&'$()*
#+,
"#
)
-
!"#$%%&'
( ( )*+ , -
.&&.
. & & , '
( = γ ./0).)+12345678'
9 : "
(. !"'
&;<=
#$%&,>!",;'
,,
..&
9?@>.&
9,
!"
(.
,
&A
,& (A ! (. !". " ## ,. :( '
",
B & , . B,.
C ( & ;
(. D. &C ,& '
, (. & ;& ". E9. &. ( &
D"'D'D.(&
,
,C
!
" ;& & D" "'
&&.(
,9,
;,'
( ;& ; ##
! ,C =&C & ;(<"'
F<GC
,
!".;,
'
H''
F<G
,"
<" . , !" &. C& < (, ## ,
, ,
:C &&&
(,:,,;<.'
##%.&&,F,G
'
:CC'
;.,
;8.
; I D '; ;," ;,'
8ID".('
,D,
;&&;'
"(,;J,
,
&8!(,:CC&,
8 ,
. ,& & (, 8 ,67<.
('
," :C. C & ,
(,I K . ", (& !".
>. D. . ; .
,;9.;('
9 ;&" A ! . '
. ,', , " ;9 L
.;
,"C
,"
;J
",.9M";
'
9"C,.&.
1
C&,
.&"&
&<<
.;,.";'
,&. (9"
(, '
C
K,.(&!">'
&<"'C,,
'
,
>"- = .((9'
ε
9"F
9"G
, !" " ," O '
" = ξ . P 8 ;
9'
F
G <" "
C (" 8 " & ,
D& C 9 '
γ
,
=
= *.))H55 ⋅ 5 − ..'
ξ
9.C".";"&,"'
& ;
Q
(& & " R ;
9&,
.9"&.
,
" " '
SN+.HT.,,
25T Q ;&9& A Q ;& ,'
. & ,'
,
"'
K
D
. &. U. O ,"& "&. D 55 , ! D 8
,!;&,
9(.
"&&.&,
.&
&&<D;&"'
&'!8O;'
1HN
.
""C1H ,
N
& ,"& "&&
A
.&,"&
,98
" ! , , >
;, " ;,;J.,>
'
" ,
& ,& ,
FVG F8GI & B. & 1255 , C"8;.
;
&!&C,.,;&.&
,
. ; & F ( >G !C
, >I K A
QC
,.&&B,
,,
9'
,
.&,,
'
E & - C & .
9..
&,
.9,
&;,.
,>&,,
'
!
;.;&,;&&,
:9
"
F8VGF8V8V88V8V8GFV18G
8>
F9
G
F88888888G
8>F9
G
, & . ,
F8G ;"C ,
FVG
& . 9
; . F G
,
. & : & ; ,
",9
,
;,'
>&
> . & C '
H
. & "& F;'
&G(
8"
.
;&
,
. ; Q
(. &
.
(, ;
,C" (. (,
;& && K . (, ,
,&& ;& 9. " & , Q
:& ,
" '
"& (. & &,&
" , ,9F
.G.
'
& ,
" ',. ,'
8 " < (,C;
"
;'
M;,
.,!"
> ;
,'
"9&&.'
;&"&"
!'
&,&8"I
Q C. " , '
9- (. . ', !
( ; C 8 '
"
(;C8
;
,;F;G!(
(,A
,;";&9&
M
8(,A
Q. ,
;& ('
(,"(&
&('
,.;(
2
(,
&"&&
('
(( . 617 ?&"@
...8.
'
&;C&,(,(;&&(((
B&. . ;& ?&;'
"@,&&!
('
&(&.&"&
;. ; &. & , ,"
9 ( B(( (. '
)
;"C.
(
O , " &. '
(,AL"'
; ( ! ;& ,;" .
,."..'
, 617 ( W
D 0 .)45K ,. , & . ;,'
"& , ,. ";,
,,
&9:'
0.N3**1)456N7
.(
'
;,"'
."
"
.,'
&
( "& & ,& Q 0 .515++145 ,'
;.CN+.5N238
C,(,.;'
,& & C ,& : &, &"- ?R (, &
" N+.5N23. (,,@Q&";.'
.8(((('
, ;, N+.5N23#1 FV,G
O N+.5N23 ;, ,
'
, ,"&.('
;, , V,. ;,',
)
K
. ;& ( ; & ,
. . ; . . ,
, : C . ;J
"
9..&
,V,('
: , " " Q , ,
.&B!,'
"&,
&.
"
C& ,
. & T5 " '
,
8,
<'
&,
A
,(;;
, & ,
:
'
,,
?@
,,
. ; 9 ,
,,>;,
'
D. & ,
.
&, ,.
"
&
,'
C &
;,
'
& & " (. '
"
<;,.
,&,
&8
8 & : ,&
..
;
"'
& (. &
R"."
,9
'
9X9
;J
'
?@. "& Q " , > ,&,
"(
'
,9. +
"
,
,D
"&"
,
Q"'
?@9?@&9'
";(.
'
"
,&
;J
,
" '
&. " ( : ,'
" F AG '
" & 9 C ,&
. ;
" ?,@ ;
9&
<" ; " ,"
>
'
9";"
;,?@
9
<"".;",
'
,9 C &. . '
, F9G K" ". ,
" ( '
X-0
.0.225)245
6T7.8((9
X ((9 9" Q"
(9
" ;, ,C
(
& - 0 ).NH5345T K
&
" . & . 9 0 0 ! ;. 8 Q !,
=
N+.5N23
.*23HHH)45
S,,
.)51++NN45
*.))H5545A : A '
C ,. , ((( . ," & 9& ,
. !">:.,"
K;. , ,& '
CC617*
ρ = 1π γ
= *.))H55 ⋅ 5 − T
.
α
α
0.)51++NN45
678,
Y
/0).)+123456789
Y
01.33+31H2*458"Y
0).)1)5+22458
QY
0.))52458Q
<,&9
"&,"
L,",
('
9IO&
.""&
.'
,C ( & ,& < ,
?
@&&.&
Z. C& A > . (9
( &
,
;&:C,&
'
9.+H&&.?@,'
;J. :C,9'
 (& = − 
α 
 8 " '

 
 0.+H5N[0
.9 ϕ = 
 α

.1120.+H5N[. ∆λ = λ − λ = ( − ) .0
, &C &
'
C##
3
" (, & C ,
Q& ( ; . " 9 ( & 9 ; . &
C9M
C(&,\;C";"'
&
;"&
B&&
ξ ; 9& " - λ = 1π
( & & & & ( 8 ,
'
"."
(9
.
& AAA ! ,. '
&
,'
9&(<",
'
9& &
ξ λ = 1π
≅ ∆ ;" 9&
,"
" ( '
,, ,
S,& 9 '
&,&,
&
,,'
C >C '
'
;J&
; '
,
,,
&
(
."$/
5
"(
,,,
S,& 9 & ,& ,
& , , C >C ;J&;'
,
, , &
(
:
&:&,"&
"&## ,.;
&'
9 > 8 FG ;& "
; , I Q , 8 '
& & . ,&'
.!",";J
'
(, I R M (,
(
";J
."?@E;8('
9&(,,
.'
&
.
(,,"&(((
'
Q;&
(. ;" ,. ,;
&; , , ;
( H5D H54.)45K R
".(.,&
;,
,&,
F
G,FVGF8G.'
( " 1*54.)45K :
, ,
FVG F8G ;
0141+H.5+140H.H*++)45K
!; " ( & ', . "
; 0 141+N.14 0 H.H+NHN*45K !'
] 8 8 0 .H1+*5545K Q ( ', - 0 2.H5*+)45 F"G(9
0.)N2)N45Q,'
1*5D;.,
,,'
&',:"&(
>((9X
,(02.1N2+45T.&
,
" ((9 9 & / 0
*.5215)45 67 L ,I : , '
9& : ,
>
('
0 2N*2245 Q ,'
&
F&.&G;,"
;;
&>!"
,;"
;
:,
".,&&
&&'
9&&
" , &<"9,'
X
.?
&&@'
&,
.,
&
",'
&!;&.",&
(,
&,'
& !& ( , '
& B(( 0
H 0 ).5N55+45K 67 K" , ,
0N.*N)*345
:
"
0H.5*H)N45TQ
(9
0^
0N.*N)*345
.^08
& & B ,'
," (9 ;"C . &C,C
9 9 . ",C"
& & ( !"- / 0
*.1H)+45 67 ! ," . " L , '
9I!;.;"8'
1
&&
,
!"'
$0 -* -#&"
"&*1
,
!">
'
& - .2NH+1145 < ;, ; 8 .2NH+1145. ,
" '
1.*+3H53145K
'
& - C *N).12<".'
F,G(9
!1
,,
'
&
;&
C
"C;
&&&-(,;J"'
( . & . 9. & C
. "'
&&?&&@.,"
(9 (. , '
; , . (,8<<8;Q'
-
&'
"&&F."&.&'
& E. 9. Q& ,,&. " . ;& ,&" ; G. :C ;, ( &"
(,9."
(,.
N
,'9."X,;'
;&
Q&!.;&((?@
&9.;,.
;&" ;J
< , ,,& 9 , " ,,& .;,
"&(,
" 9 " 9& , ;J
;
C & ,"
C ,'
M"
(,
&8;,(
(,8'
Q
.'
(9"##
23$)445
%6.7.2898:;;
:<=5</
445
>.28?@A;@
BC,'D/445E+C=.:FFFA@
G6='7HHHI%JKLM
2@ :FFF
H
Download