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47 À.Ô. Äüÿ÷åíêî Ðåãóëèðîâêà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ... «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 808, 2008 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 2 /38/ ɍȾɄ 621.384.64 ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼɄȺ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɗɅȿɄɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɉɈɅə ȼɈ ȼɋɌɊȿɑɇɈɒɌɕɊȿȼɈɃ ɍɋɄɈɊəɘɓȿɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȿ ɋ ȼɕɋɈɄɈɑȺɋɌɈɌɇɕɆɂ ɄȼȺȾɊɍɉɈɅəɆɂ Ⱥ.Ɏ. Ⱦɶɹɱɟɧɤɨ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ», ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ, 61108, ɝ. ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ, ɭɥ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, 1, e-mail: [email protected] ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ 12 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 2008 ɝ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɭɱɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ (ɜ ɜɢɞɟ «ɪɨɝɨɜ») ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. ɄɅɘɑȿȼɕȿ ɋɅɈȼȺ: ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɚɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɭɝɨɥ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ, ɹɱɟɣɤɚ, ɞɭɛɥɟɬ ȼ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ [1], ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ (ɉɎɎ) [2, 3] ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ [4–7]. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ȼɑ-ɩɨɥɟɦ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ȼɑɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ (ȼɑɄ, RFQ) [8], ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɨɜ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ȼɑ-ɩɨɥɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ [9] ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɞɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 30 Ɇɷȼ ɫ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ 100 ɦȺ [10, 11]. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ȼɑ-ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ «ɪɨɝɨɜ», ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ c ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɥɵɜɭɳɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɚ (ɉɐɋ) [7], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ (ɒɂɋɎ) [12] ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɉɎɎ – ɷɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ȼɑ-ɩɨɥɹ ɨɬ ɮɚɡɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ȼɑ-ɩɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɭɱɤɚ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. ɗɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɢɬɬɚɧɫɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɯ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɉɎɎ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɩɭ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɨɜ [13]. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɎɎ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ sin ijs, ɝɞɟ ijs – ɮɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɟɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ, ɝɞɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ. ɉɪɢ ȼɑ-ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ cos ijs. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɸɬ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ 90º. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɮɚɡɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɢ ijs = 0 ɷɬɚ ɫɢɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɸ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ (ȼɑ-ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶ) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ (ɡɧɚɤɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ) ɫɢɥɵ ɨɬ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚɹ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɉɎɎ ɦɚɥɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɎɎ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟ-ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ, ɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ [14]. ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɭɱɤɚ. ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɇȺɋɌɊɈɃɄɂ əɑȿȿɄ ȼɋɌɊȿɑɇɈ-ɒɌɕɊȿȼɈɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ ɋɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɉɎɎ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ, ɬ. ɟ. ɞɥɢɧɵ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɪɨɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɥ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ [11]. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɠɟ 48 «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 808, 2008 À.Ô. Äüÿ÷åíêî ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɇɇɐ ɏɎɌɂ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ [15, 16], ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɷɬɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɛɟɡ «ɪɨɝɨɜ» (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ) ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɝɞɟ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɫ «ɪɨɝɚɦɢ» (ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ). Ⱦɥɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ (ɄɊɗɇ), ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ [16]. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ȼɑɄ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɪɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ (ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ) ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ 1, 2). Ʉɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɵ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɲɧɹɦɢ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɜɜɢɞɭ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɟ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ («ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ») ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ 180º) [17, 18]. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ȼɑɄ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1) ɜ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ʉɨɧɰɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ʉɨɧɰɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊ ɋ ɉɎ + ȼɑɄ ɎɈɄɍɋɂɊɈȼɄɈɃ ɇȺ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ȿɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ: — ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ȼɑɄ; — ɦɟɠɞɭ ȼɑɄ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ; — ȼɑɄ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ, ɝɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ; — ɜ ȼɑɄ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɰɚɦɢ «ɪɨɝɨɜ» ɢ ɬɨɪɰɚɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ; — ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɚɩɟɪɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ «ɪɨɝɚɦɢ» ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ ɞɥɢɧ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɹɱɟɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦɢ «ɪɨɝɚɦɢ» ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ; — ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȼɑɄ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɹɱɟɟɤ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦɢ «ɪɨɝɚɦɢ» ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ; ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɭ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ «ɪɨɝɚ». ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɟɪɬɭɪɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ «ɪɨɝɚɦɢ». ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ȼɑɄ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɡɨɪɧɵɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ. ɗɬɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚ- 49 ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 2 /38/ Ðåãóëèðîâêà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ... ɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɍɊȺɅ-30 [10, 11]. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 3). ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ 90º ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɦ ɲɬɵɪɹɦ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɦɢ – ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɦ. ɂɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɉɎɎ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 4). Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɇ-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɍɊȺɅ-30 Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɍɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɉɎɎ ɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɚɦɢ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɨɜ [13]. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5ɚ, ɛ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɭ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɚ ɛ Ɋɢɫ. 5. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ: ɚ – ɞɭɛɥɟɬ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ʌ-ɹɱɟɟɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ȕȜ; ɛ – ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5ɚ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ʌ-ɹɱɟɟɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ȕȜ. ɋɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ȿɯ ɢ ȿɭ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5ɛ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɦɢ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ȼɑɄ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɢɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɜ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6. ɉɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ. ɇɚ 17-ɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ [19], ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ȼɑɄ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 7). ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 8 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ (ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɚɹ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɭɝɥɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ «ɪɨɝɚ» ɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ (ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪ), ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɸ ɜ ɪɟɝɭ- 50 À.Ô. Äüÿ÷åíêî «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 808, 2008 ɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ (ɫɩɥɨɲɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ȼɑɄ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ «ɪɨɝɨɜ», ɜɥɢɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɟ. Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ Ɋɢɫ. 7. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ɋɢɫ. 8. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ɬɪɟɯɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɣɤɨɣ ɇɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 5ɚ). ɇɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ 17-ɡɚɡɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ «ɪɨɝɚ» ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɹ ɜ 9 ɢ 10 ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɭɝɨɥ «ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɲɬɚɧɝɢ 9 ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɨɬ 180 ɞɨ 90º. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ (ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ) ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɨɜ 180, 128 ɢ 90º (ɪɢɫ. 9ɚ, ɛ, ɜ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ 1 ɆȽɰ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 9 ɢ 10 ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ «ɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ» ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ɚ ɛ ɜ Ɋɢɫ. 9. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɨɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ 9 ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɟ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ (ɚ – 180º, ɛ – 128º, ɜ – 90º) 51 Ðåãóëèðîâêà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ... ñåð³ÿ ô³çè÷íà «ßäðà, ÷àñòèíêè, ïîëÿ», âèï. 2 /38/ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ 4 ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɭɝɨɥ «ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɲɬɚɧɝ 4 ɢ 9 ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɨɬ 180 ɞɨ 52º. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ (ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ) ɞɥɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɚ «ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ» 180, 128, 90 ɢ 52º (ɪɢɫ. 10ɚ, ɛ, ɜ, ɝ). ɚ ɛ ɜ ɝ Ɋɢɫ. 10. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫ ȼɑɄ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɚɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ 4 ɢ 9 ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ (ɚ – 180º, ɛ – 128º, ɜ – 90º, ɝ – 52º) Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 4, 5, 9 ɢ 10 ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ «ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ» ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ (ɝɞɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ «ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ» ɹɱɟɣɤɢ). Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ «ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ» ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ «ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ», ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ȼɑɄ ɹɱɟɟɤ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɚ «ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɲɬɚɧɝ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɪɭɛɤɚɯ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ «ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ» ɹɱɟɟɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ 2,5 ɆȽɰ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ, ɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɫ ɩɨɥɹ – ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ȼɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ, ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɲɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ (ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɨɛɳɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪ [20, 21]. ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɹɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɭɱɤɚ (ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɟ) ɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨ-ɲɬɵɪɟɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɇɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ȼɑɄ (ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 52 «Â³ñíèê Õàðê³âñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó», ¹ 808, 2008 À.Ô. Äüÿ÷åíêî ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɨɤ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɜ ɚɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ Courant E.D., Livingstone M.S., Snyder H.S. The Strong-Focusing Synchrotron – A New High Energy Accelerator // Phys. Rev. – 1952. – Vol. 88. – P. 1190–1196. Good M.L. Phase Reversal in Linear Accelerators // Phys. Rev. – 1953. – Vol. 92, ʋ 2. – P. 538. Fainberg Ya.B. Alternating phase focusing // Proc. of International Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics. – Vol. 1. – Geneva: CERN. – 1956. – P. 92–96. Ʉɭɲɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. Ɉ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɨ-ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ // Ⱥɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ. – 1970. – ʋ 29, ɜɵɩ. 2. – C. 123–124. ɉɚɩɤɨɜɢɱ ȼ.Ƚ., ɏɢɠɧɹɤ ɇ.Ⱥ., ɒɭɥɢɤɚ ɇ.Ƚ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ-ɮɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɋɟɪɢɹ: Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɮɢɡ. ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. – 1978. – ȼɵɩ. 2 (2). – ɋ. 51–56. Nolte E., Geschonke G , Berdermann K. et al. The Munich Heavy Ion Postaccelerator // Nuclear Instrum. and Methods. – 1979. –Vol.158, ʋ 2–3. – P. 311–324. Bomko V.A., Kobets A.P., Zaitzev B.V. et al. Particle Dynamic in the Ion Linear Accelerator Based on Alternation Phase Focusing with Moving Center of the Bunch // Proc. of the Eight European Particle Conference. EPAC 2002. – Paris (France). – 2002. – P. 870–872. Ʉɚɩɱɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ.Ɇ., Ɍɟɩɥɹɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ // ɉɌɗ. – 1970. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 19–22. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ȼ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɟ // ɉɌɗ. – 1956. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 35–39. Ɍɟɩɥɹɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɭɩɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ // Ɍɪɭɞɵ 2 ȼɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ. – Ɍ. 2. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ. – 1972. – ɋ. 7–11. Ɂɟɧɢɧ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ȼɑɄ-ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ 30 Ɇɷȼ: ɉɪɟɩɪɢɧɬ / ɂɎȼɗ; 93-147. – ɉɪɨɬɜɢɧɨ: 1993. – 12 ɫ. Bomko V.A., Kobets A.P., Ptukhina Z.E., Tishkin S.S. Variant Alternating Phase Focusing with the Stepped Change of the Synchronous Phase // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations. – 2004. – ʋ 2. – P. 153–154. Bomko V.A., Dyachenko A.F., Kobets Ⱥ.F. et al. The Structure of the High Frequency Focusing Cells in Linear Ion Accelerators // Proc. of the Particle Accelerator Conference PAC05. – Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. – 2005. – P. 1796–1798. Ȼɨɦɤɨ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɉɬɭɯɢɧɚ Ɂ.ȿ., Ɍɢɲɤɢɧ ɋ.ɋ., ɒɭɥɢɤɚ ɇ.Ƚ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɳɢɦ ȼɑ-ɩɨɥɟɦ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ // ɋɛ. ɞɨɤɥ. 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Development of the New Prestripping Section for LUMZI // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations. – 2001. – ʋ 3. – P. 128–130. Chahid W. Le Champ et les Pertes Dans les Accelerateurs Lineaires a Ions // L’Onde Electrique. – 1957. – Vol. XXXVII, ʋ 359. –. P. 171–173. Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɤɨ ȼ.ɂ., Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧ ȿ.ɇ., Ʉɨɧɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. ɋɟɪɢɹ: Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. – 1986. – ȼɵɩ. 1(27). – ɋ. 52–54. THE ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION REGULATION IN THE INTERDIGITAL ACCELERATING STRUCTURE WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY QUADRUPOLES A.F. Dyachenko National Science Centre «Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology», Ukraine, 61108, Kharkov, Academicheskaya st., 1 e-mail: [email protected] Results of experimental research of the electric field distribution regulation in the model interdigital accelerating structure with alternating phase and high-frequency quadrupole focusing a beam are discussed. Two most simple variants of high-frequency quadrupoles (in the form of «horns») and various schemes of their use are considered. Regulation of the electric field distribution is carried out by a change of a corner of an arrangement of the basic or intermediate stems of the quadrupole drift tubes in an azimuthal plane. KEY WORDS: linear accelerator, interdigital accelerating structure, high-frequency quadrupole, distribution of an electric field, corner of an arrangement stems of the drift tubes, cell, doublet.
