10.20. современное состояние мирового рынка высоких

1’2012
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10.20.
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(high-tech):
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(
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(medium high-tech):
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-
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,
(
),
,
,
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-
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-
–
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,
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(National science foundation)
(
)(
Standard international trade
classification, SITC).
,
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;
«
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SITC,
:
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,
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;
(
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,
);
;
;
(
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.);
.
high-tech
.
,
:
;
;
;
;
.
,
,
«
low-tech (
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,
,
,
).
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-
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.
«
»
-
,
,
:
:
«
;
,
-
.
:
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high-tech
-
.
)
0
low-tech
».
,
,
.
.
-
,
,
,
.
,
-
,
-
.
[1].
,
,
-
50
.
-
(
)
-
.
tech
-
:
high-tech (
,
) low-tech (
);
high-tech (
), middle-tech
) low-tech (
);
high-tech, medium-high-tech, medium-lowlow-tech,
medium-high-tech
medium-low-tech
middle-tech
.
,
-
,
,
,
.) [2].
,
-
.
-
(research and development,
-
,
R&D).
,
.
-
.
,
,
.
R&D
(
-
,
).
.
.
-
R&D
.
«
».
-
R&D
.
-
,
R&D
.
.
,
R&D
-
.
,
1990-
.
.
2005 .
.
2001 .
.
[12]
(
-
)
:
(high-tech)
R&D
.
(middle/medium-tech):
R&D 3%
5%;
R&D 1 %
3%.
(low-tech)
2007 .
.
.
(medium-low,
1%.
technology)
(
,
.
,
,
2007 .
,
-
20%
,
,
,
).
-,
-
, 2005 .
-
.
-
5%;
medium-high-tech
medium-low-tech
R&D
-
,
,
;
.
.
23%
29%
-
.
1
1’2012
/
.
1997
2007 .
-
;
-
;
-
,
,
.
-
-
,
,
.
.
30%
(
,
15%
.
)
,
-
,
.
-
.
,
,
,
,
,
),
2007 .
2009 .
,
-
,
.
-
-
.
,
-
,
,
.
(
. 2).
2
2008 . [14]
,
,
,
-
60%
[15].
%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3,75
3,49
3,441
3,211
2,77
2,281
,
-
,
-
.
,
. 2,
,
5-
.
.
(
) 2010-2011 .
,
2,3%.
,
,
3%,
(
138
. 1).
)
,
.
,
.
,
-
1
1,12%
2007 .
1,03%
2008 .
0,9%
2010-2011
2010 .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2009-2010
2010 .
5,63
5,56
5,48
5,43
5,39
5,37
5,37
5,33
5,32
5,30
. 1,
–
2007 .
2000 .
. [18]
2009 .
1
4
3
2
7
8
6
10
5
9
20%
3
2009-2010 .
0
2
0
-2
2
2
-1
2
-4
-1
,
-
, 2008 . [13]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
16,1
12,9
112
10,82
10,6
10,6
10
9,73
7,63
-
,
:
1
2
3
2
1,44%
[14].
.
);
2000 .
2007 .
2007 .
2006 .
.
,
(
),
,
,
(
-
.
.
.
,
,
7,7%,
–
,
(
–
,
6,4
,
,
«
,
98%
.
(investment in
-
,
(
-
»,
.
knowledge).
,
. 5).
2011 .
138
1,8
).
,
. 3.
.
-
,
,
(Networked readiness index, NRI).
-
,
)
,
( %).
-
2010 .
,
2009 .
.
-
4
.
1. 6,
2003 . [13]
%
5,65.
10
,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
6,5
6,4
5,9
5,1
5,1
4,9
.4
,
[18]
1,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-
.
,
,
,
,
-
,
,
.
.
5
5,65
5,64
5,54
5,48
5,46
5,44
5,36
5,33
5,32
5,22
,
,
-
,
1.
1:
;
2006 . [14]
.
%
2.
,
–
2:
;
;
-
4
–
;
,
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
.
–
3.
21,1
20,9
20,1
12,8
12,6
11,5
3:
;
;
.
.
7,2
,
4
-
.
(
-
2010 .
3
1’2012
.
,
),
,
.
(3,86) (
. 7),
–
,
112,26
,
94- (
,
,
,
(2,67)).
-
,
.
-
,
7
[18]
-
,
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4,44
4,31
4,21
4,19
4,19
4,08
4,00
3,91
3,86
3,86
.
-
Amgen,
Gilead Sciences, Celgene, Biogen Idec, Genzyme [11].
,
CSL,
Novozymes.
,
,
-
,
,
.
.
121-
.
,
,
–
,
,
,
,
22%
.
10%
,
-
[15].
,
,
-
Amgen
.
(
,
,
,
,
,
.
-
,
50-
,
,
,
.),
-
.
.
,
-
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
–
-
,
,
61-
,
.
BusinessWeek
.
4-
-
[8].
Amgen
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
(38).
,
(
Kinetix Pharmaceuticals (2000);
Immunex Corporation (2002);
Tularik (2004);
Abgenix (2006);
Avidia (2006);
Illypsa (2007);
Alantos Pharmaceuticals Holdings (2007).
2011 . Amgen
,
,
.
(42,2%),
(36,4%),
(30,5%)
74,
[18].
BioVex Group.
( 2006 .)
Amgen,
-
,
.
-
254
,
(44,5%),
(58,1%),
(37,4%),
(30,5%).
(1,3%).
):
45
,
Amgen
[3].
3
.
.
.
–
Boeing, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Northrop
Grumman,
EADS
BAE Systems.
,
Forbes 2000
Thales
Dassault Aviation.
, Boeing,
,
,
.
2010 . Boeing
Narus,
,
Argon ST,
.
(
),
Boeing,
.
25%
,
Boeing
«
» (
,
). 2009
Boeing
, Boeing
Ural Boeing Manufacturing.
65
.
. [7].
Sukhoi Superjet 100.
», Golden Telecom, «
»,
,«
2007 . Cisco
– «
», «
», «
».
-
.
2007 .
,
Cisco
(
)
»
,
20% [10].
2007 . Cisco
,
2009 .
2010 . Cisco
100
.
Qualcomm (
Cisco Systems
.
,
Cisco Systems (
Ericsson (
).
) RIM (
).
78
.
.
41,8%
Cisco,
[6].
-
. (
) [4].
Cisco
.
Cisco
1
.
. [9].
Hewlett-Packard (
), Apple (
), Quanta Computers (
Hewlett-Packard,
), Dell (
), Acer (
), Fujitsu
).
,
,
,
,
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
.
,
Linksys
.
2009 . Cisco
Tandberg.
90%
3,4
(
.).
2010 .
Arch Rock
-
Corporation,
1999 .
2003 .
-
Linksys,
.
,
), Nokia
-
Cisco
.
«
. HP
)
-
Agilent Technologies.
.
2002 .
Compaq,
-
.
2009 . HP
Electronic Data
Systems,
2.
2010 . HP
3Com Corporation, Fortify Software, 3RAR Inc,
ArcSight.
.
Cisco
(
.
,
-
»,
-
):
,
,
,
,
Cisco
,«
»,
«
,
»,
,
-
.
Precision Ind (
), Hitachi (
), 4TE Connectivity,
Toshiba, Kyocera, NEC.
Samsung SDI (
).
Technologies, Avnet
ABB (
Electric (
Hon Hai
), LG Display
–
(Agilent
.).
), Schneider Electric (
), Mitsubishi
).
5
1’2012
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6
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//
-
.
2009.
5. – 35 .
.
[
]/
.
.
.:
, 2003. – 260 .
AMGEN
]. –
: http://www.bellameda.ru.
.
[
]/ .
//
. 2010. – 115. –
: http://www.vedomosti.ru.
.
[
]/
.
//
. 1999.
6.
Cisco
:
[
]. –
: http://
www.cisco.com.
Boeing
$27
[
] //
. 2009. – 7
.–
: http://www.izvestia.ru.
BusinessWeek [
]. –
:
http://www.businessweek.com.
Cisco
1
.
.[
] //
.Ru. –
: http://www.gazeta.ru.
Cnews [
] :
. –
: http://www.cnews.ru.
Forbes 2000 [
]:
.–
: http://www.forbes.com.
OECD Frascati Manual 2002: www.oecd.org
OECD Factbook, 2009: www.oecd-ilibriary.org
OECD Factbook, 2010: www.oecd-ilibriary.org
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009.
International trade by technology intensity: www.oecd.org
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009/
Highlights// www.oecd.org
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2010/
Highlights// www.oecd.org
The Global Information Technology Report 2010-2011: www.
weforum.org
.
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10.20. CURRENT STATE OF THE
WORLD MARKET OF HIGH
TECHNOLOGIES
E.V. Yakushina, Master Of Economics, Graduate Ph.d.
Student at the Department of «World Economy» at
Economic Faculty
Moscow State University n.a. Lomonosov
In the modern world a level of development of high technology determines the competitiveness of the economy
and its long-term prospects. Cross-country and sector
analysis of the global high-tech market provides evidence
of this fact the leaders of the competitiveness and development of high technologies ratings are the world's
leading economies. The article analyzes the current state
and main trends of the modern world and western european markets of high technology in accordance with the
approaches of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank,
describes the high-tech industries and their key leaders.
.
Literature
1. M.V. Vershinina. The principle of classification of economic
sectors according to its technological level // Intellectual property. Manufacturing porperty. – 2009.
5. P. 35.
2. L.M. Gokhberg. Statistics of science // Moscow: TEIS. 2003.
P. 260.
3. AMGEN Company starts its business in Russia // www.bellameda.ru
4. N. Kostenko. Vedomosti // Article from 25.06.2010.
115 //
www.vedomosti.ru
5. V.A. Savin. About highly technological products in the world manufacturing // Journal of the Foreign trade. – 1999.
6. – P. 57.
6. Cisco Centre of Competence in Russia // www.cisco.com
7. Boeing plans to invest into Russia $27 billions // Izvestia.
07.07.09// www.izvestia.ru/
8. BusinessWeek // www.businessweek.com
9. Cisco invests into Russia $1 bln // Gazeta// www.gazeta.ru
10. Cnews // www.cnews.ru
11. Forbes 2000 // www.forbes.com
12. OECD Frascati Manual 2002 // www.oecd.org
13. OECD Factbook, 2009 // www.oecd-ilibriary.org
14. OECD Factbook, 2010 // www.oecd-ilibriary.org
15. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009.
International trade by technology intensity // www.oecd.org
16. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009/
Highlights// www.oecd.org
17. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2010/
Highlights// www.oecd.org
18. The Global Information Technology Report 2010-2011 //
www.weforum.org
Keywords
High technology; investment in knowledge; R&D; the criterion level of adaptability; Manual Frascati; high-tech;
low-tech; middle-tech; world trade; global competitiveness;
The Global Competitiveness Index; Networked Readiness
Index; Index of Development of Telecommunication technologies; venture capital; biotechnology; aerospace; telecommunications equipment; computer equipment; electronics.
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