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RESEARCH and TECHNOLOGY – STEP into the FUTURE
2008, Vol. 3, No 1
Ɋȿɒȿɇɂȿ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ ɄȺɅȿɇȾȺɊɇɈȽɈ ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɇȿɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ
(ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɈɈɈ"EPPRONN")
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɭɥ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ, 1, Ɋɢɝɚ, LV-1019, Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ
Ɍɟɥ. (+371)67460919. Ɏɚɤɫ: (+371)6790725. E-mail: [email protected]
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (Scheduling), ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ (ɉɉ)
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɨɩɬɨɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ,
ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ –
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ:
1) ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ, ɢ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ;
2) ɷɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ, ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɦ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ [1].
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ:
x ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ m ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
x ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ s2 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ:
- ak – ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ);
- bk – ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ (ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ);
- mk – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɚɹ.
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: IJk* = 1/6(ak + 4 mk + bk), ɚ ɟɝɨ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ık2 = [1/6 (bk – ak)]2. ɋɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ IJk* [2, 3, 4].
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ
ɜ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ (ɉɉ). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, – «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
«ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪ»» [5], Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH [6], WinQSB [7].
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɬɨ:
x ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ;
x ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ;
x ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
x ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
x ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ
(ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ) ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ [8].
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɉɉ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɉɉ («Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ «ɋɩɚɣɞɟɪ»», Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH),
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RESEARCH and TECHNOLOGY – STEP into the FUTURE
2008, Vol. 3, No 1
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ
ɩɚɤɟɬ Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ Rillsoft Project Rillsoft GmbH ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ:
1) ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɯɨɞ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ;
2) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ;
3) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɟ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ;
4) ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ;
5) ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɫɬɪɨɝɢɣ ɪɢɬɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɯɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɯɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ. Dr.sc.ing. ɋ. ɏɨɥɹɜɢɧɨɣ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
http://www.cfin.ru/press/management/1998-6/11.shtml
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ / ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. ɒ. Ʉɪɟɦɟɪɚ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɘɇɂɌɂ, 1997. 407 ɫ.
Ɍɚɯɚ ɏ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. ȼ 2-ɯ ɤɧɢɝɚɯ. Ʉɧɢɝɚ 2. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: Ɇɢɪ, 1985. 496 ɫ.
Ȼɚɪɤɚɥɨɜ ɉ. ɋ., Ȼɭɪɤɨɜɚ ɂ. ȼ., Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɟɜ Ⱥ. ȼ., Ʉɨɥɩɚɱɟɜ ȼ. ɇ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɂɉɍ ɊȺɇ, 2002. 65 ɫ.
http://www.spiderproject.ru/
http://www.rillsoft.ru/
http://www.winqsb.com/
http://www.projectmanagement.ru/mup.asp?mupid=32
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