Запуск в производство нового продукта: Оценка вашей свободы

advertisement
:
1
,
2003 .
«Micromet AG» «
Enzon Pharmaceuticals » —
!
"
#
"
!«
$
$
%
%
#%
!
!
#
&
"
#
"
"
"
#
! $
"
#%
,
#
$ %
.
#
%
$,
#,
"
#
# , ,
.
"
# "
#
%
(
"
#
%
–
"
%
,
#%
#
&
"
'
« " #
#%
.
"
"
#%
"
& "
,—
,—
#
"
$
"
,
$
(
%
«
.
,
'
(
#
$
#. *
,
& '
#
#$
$
,
& '
$
# "
#
"
$
!
!'
,
& ' )
#
'
.
$ "
,
"#
.
!
#$
,
#
,
&
(
!
#
#
,
,
$,
,
#
!
& ' $(
#
"
,
$»,
!
"
$
.
!
» ( )), . .
%
,
!«
,
"
1
$
&
,
%
" )
#%
$ "
.
#
,
&
&
$
.
%
& ' $
"
.2
!,
'
%
&
"
#
#%
%
$
$
%
%
$»
& '
' ,
,
,
,
#»,
#
.
%
!
"
— «Cambridge Antibody Technology»,
,
#
$
#
&
#$
. +
'
#
, &
!' $
(
!
#%
,
.
#%
( $
"
& !
,
, # "#
&
"# #
( $
&
,
.*
: esteban.burrone@wipo.int.
2
http://www.cambridgeantibody.com/html/news/press_releases/2003/2003_09_03_micromet_enzon.htm
#),
!
"
). +
#
$
#
#(
&
,- $
.,
!
)
&
#
#%
"
•
&
' $
. *
%
•
%
#% #
%
%
.
%
"
)
$ %
#
&
!'
«
"
#$
#
"
, #
#%
#
"
# "
,
$
20-
"# !
&
#$
" #%
)
%
%
20$
.
•
.
$ %
!
#%
"
# "
#,
%
$.
. /
# "
&
# .
!
,
#%
#
"
. .
#
$
"
).
%
#
$
!
%
$
%.
•
&
#
. 0
%
. 1
#%
$
#%
"
" . 2
!
"
%
$
$
"
#$
'
,
#) %
!' :
(
"
"
#
%
!' $
$
$
,
"
"
%
'
,
$,
'
,
,
)
"
$
,
!
#
(
,
" )
$
"
#
,
"
( . .
#
&
,
"
%
"
".
,
%
,
'
#
&
25%
&
#
&
%
,
,
),
(
,
$
(
$
.
(.
"
,
%,
.
#.
.
.
.
,
20
»
! #
!
! %
,
%
!
'
"
"
" ).
#
'
"
,
#%
%
"
(
#$
%
#,
%,
%
%
$
).
"
#
#
$
$,
,
! #
#
!
/
,(
&
"
.
#
$
&
$
•
"
.
!
"
& ' %
( $
$
.
"
$
"
$
#%
$
#$
"
-
,
"
%
$, "
"
,
#
"
#%
#
-
"
&
%
"
& #
#
.
%
!
"
, "
.
'
,
%
.
«Sony», «Philips»
#%
,
"
!
#
&
«Pioneer»
$
!' %
%
,
, # &
# $
$,
!
#
'
-
$
"
#
"
!
"
!
,
,
&
$
"
'
%
#%
%
-
.
$
. +
#%
,
#%
#%
&
#$
!' %
.
%
!
%
!
!
%
%
$
!
$
.
!,
"
"
"
&
,
'
$
,
"
!
"
.
$
& ' %
,
#$
%
,
$
"
$
•
.
%
%
. 3
"
,
$
#%
!
#
#%
#$
,
.
,
"
$
"
•
%
(
!
&
&
%
.
#
(
!
.
3
%
,
"
'
,
"
$
"
.
,
. 2
!'
"
&
#
"
#$ "
,
(
%
%
"
!, "
Boyer»,
( $
#
"
"
#
!
#
$
"
"
%
# ,
& ,
. 3
'
"
$ %
.
! )+*,
%
!
"
%
, "
!' $
" . *
#
#,
& '
#
. " !
,
#
#,
# ,%
!,
(
,
).
!
,
'
"
,
,
,
, %
%
"
%
& ' $
«Cohen and
%
#
, "
$ «Cohen and Boyer»,
'
,
"
#
#
,
'
#
" #
#
' #%
.
+
#
"
& !' %
#$
"
"
$
#
(
.
,
#
"
"
&
,
,
$
«
"
'
#
&
,
#
,
"
$ "
#. 2
$ %
&
%
,
$»
" #
"
#
'
#
,
#
&
!
" &
,
#%
$
! "
«" '
%
$,
»
"
%
"
#
$
#
,
&
,
$ #.
"
'
$
.
!
#
%
"
#
!
$
!' $
&
,
&
#
,
%
$
%
&
,
(
.
"
& #
%
'
,
" '
$
%
#$ (
,
#% "
'
.
# "
#%
"
#
,
"
,
"
"
$
#
,
&
"
.
"
%
4 '
,
&
(
"#
' %
!' %
" '
$
,
%
$
!
,
5 3
&
#%
#%
'
"
#
!
,
.3 4 '
#
#
%
.
+
#
#
#%
%
%
!
% !
%(
#% "
#
#
, «Xerox»),
$.
'
"
# "
"
"
#
! «Statutory Invention Registration» (SIR) –
%
#
"
,
"
"#
SIR , "
#
"
#
.
5
"
#
#% %
&
"
# "
%
!
-,
,–
.
"
$
+ "
, #
"
&
"
#
"
"
$
'
$
$
"
"
(
"
$
$ %
"
)
& ' %
3
)
#%
.
#
%
%
,
(
,
"
#
#
$
.
$
"
#%
.
& "
$
5 3
http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/index.html
,
#
&
- $ 5 3
#%
#%
:
#
#%
&
.
%
"
%
: &
! ,
*
.
6
/
3
1
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
!
.
!
,
«
»
. "
!
,
. "
,
.2
$
3
,
%
"
!
"
$
$
" $
#%
,
$ #.
&
$
#
&
(
#
"
!
Silicon Valley
'
1
#
"
-,
,
#
%
!,
#
. 4
%
5 "
%
'
#%
%
$,
, #
$
# .4
$
#
"
#
"
1940-%
-,
.3
"
!
#%
5
%
&
%
"
#%
$
"
450
$
#%
# $,
#% 214
%.
$ #
"
#% 2 741
'
& !
!
1980 ., "
$, "
#% 2002 ., "
.
,
83%
!' $
,
.
&
'
"
$ $
$
,
,
,
%
&
'
&
"
$. " 4 509
" $
23
# #
#
'
!'
#
#%
68% #
,
#
" $, #
#%
#
500
. 91%
,
!
#
! 45%
" $, #
#% '
!'
#
.
2002
%
4 320
&
%
"
"
#% !
$
&
–
"
$
#$
#
"
Cathy Garner is the Chief Executive Officer and Board Trustee of MIHR. Philip Ternouth is the Chief
Executive Officer of IPR Ltd. and a Visiting lecturer of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology (UMIST). The views expressed in the article are those of the author and do not necessarily
represent those of WIPO.
2
For a full discussion, see Richard Mahoney (ed) Handbook of Best Practices for the Management of
Intellectual Property in Health Research and Development, MIHR, Oxford, 2004. (http://www.mihr.org/)
MIHR is a non-profit, UK registered charity, which specialises in advising on the management of IP for social
and economic benefit in health for the poorest.
3
Howard Bremner, “Technology Transfer: the American Way”, International Patent Licensing Seminar, Tokio,
Japan, January 2003.
4
The New New Thing, Michael Lewis, 2000$ Economist Supplement, March 1997.
5
AUTM Licensing Survey FY2002 – see http://www.autm.net/.
,
" $, #
*
%
,
38%
"
*
"#
6
"
&
,
$.
'
#%
#"
$
&
"
$ #
,
#
. ,
" $"
#
#
#
!
#
,—(
&
!,
$
"
"
$
#
!
"
"
,
#%
&
#
#
"
#%
"
'
!
!' $
$
'
"
&
!' $
.
#% «
! '
,
"
%
(
'
!'
#
"
%
'
'
"
!
# ,
!'
(
)
'
%
$»
'
#$» (
!
%
" &
!'
&
$
.
"
(
%
&
#
" #
,
"
&
%
,
&
,
$
«
$
&
.
"
%-
&
!
$
#
"
*
%
(«Scottish Enterprise Proof of Concept Fund»7);
&
& #
.
,
!
(«
»),
.
"# !
!'
%
"
,
!
.
"
#
#
. 3 %
%
$. *
# (
«
,
'
!'
"
%,
$
%
#%
#
#
"
&
,
# !'
%
$,
"
«
,
%,
$
"
#$
$,
(
,
$
. «
'
#%
#
.
'
%
,
#%
!
#%
&
$
%
$
,
'
,
,
#
(
,
% #%
&
#
$
,
»
.
'
!
.
#%
'
&
$
#
$
" !
/
#% %
#
» &
#,
"
#
!
,
».
%
#
%
(
%
"
&
"
#
&
,
,
#
"
"
,
,
&
.
#
.
#
"
"
,
%
!
!
%
$
#
#,
&
%
7
#
%
#
,
,
6
!'
$
#
,
"
•
'
'
!' $
&
# (
#
!
,
$
$
(
"
'
:
!'
#
'
'
UNICO/NUBS Survey of UK Universities 2002.
Scottish Enterprise – Proof of Concept Funding Programme – www.Scottish-Enterprise.com
!' $
!'
#
$
#
%
$
.
#
,
"
&
,
#
!' %
,
"
!
,
"
!
"
"
# $
# ,
"
•
)
'
.
!' $ #
!'
#%
"
"
#%
&
.
#% " &
%
#
&
%
%,
%
#
,
%
#$,
(
!,
$
# .
$
" . +
#
,
# ,
"
$
# " & . ( $
# $
$,
(
# "
! ,
"
,
,
#
&
#
#
%
$.
#
•
? .
"
$
"
#,
,
$
$
&
"
" &
,
!
&
#
#
"
#
#
'
'
!'
"
!' $
"
!'
'
%
(
"
! #
).
*
+
. 5 "
,
&
#
%
"
&
,
&
"
$
%
$
)
&
#
"
#
$
%
. 2
&
'
#%
#
%
"
&
!
"
(
"
#$
#
#
#
"
$
'
"
!' %
"
#%
&
!' %
# (
!
$
&
#
"
%
!
#
$.
&
"
#
'
(
#
$. 6
"
,
.
.
$. )
$,
.
&
"
&
(
"
"
#
.
&
&
#
#$
%
( $
"
&
#,
%
!
#
$
#
. .
%
&
" !
&
#$
#%
$
#%
# ,
.
,
$,
"
& $
$)
#
#
'
•
, "
"
.
&
&
#
#
"
"
•
!.
%
,
#
%
"
$
, "
& # " %. 7
"
#% #
&
#
. *
,
(
%
"
'
"
#
—(
" &
,
#,
#.
•
+
"
.
#
&
!
"
'
$
"
&
%
$,
(
"
(
,
" #
"
,
!
$
#
"
%
( %
.
"
,
%
#$
'
•
!
*
"
!
. +
"
#
'
$
%
"
"
.
#
"
#
"
!'
&
%"
. 0
#
,
&
$.
•
&
&
#
+
& # ,
, & ' $
!'
#%
,
" '
#
.
"
#%
!
100
.
"
#
"
.
"
&
&
"
"
!
#%
#
&
#%
#%
&
$
",
$ '
&
$
.
!'
#
$
!, "
!
%(
%
$
$
%
,
.
$
&
#
,
"
%
& #
#%
&
.
#
,
#
% #
#%
"
,
"
#.
& '
!
%
#
,
"
$
#
$
#
&
,
"
, %
#
,
.
#%
$—
%
"
.
$
#%
#,
" & #%
#,
,
$
%
%
,
#
'
#
"
$
"
#%
" $
,
"
,
#
#
"
&
,
!
!
#
,
$
#%
,
.
#
$
$
"
,
!,
#
!%
$, "
#
&
#% "
,
,
,
"
%
&
,
"
#
#
%. *
"
#
&
#
"
$
#
"
#
" &
( %
%
"
, "
&
$,
#%
$
#
. + #
!
,
#
'
"
%
$
#
,
&
"
,%
"
%
—
%
.,
. .
&
,
"
#,
%
,
$
%
&
"
!. *
"
#
90%.
,
%
"
#
,
&
%
%
%
& ' $
$
!' %
.
%
!
$
2
&
#%
$
*
#
»
#
&
%
%
#% (
&
$
#%
$
#
%
"
#%
%
&
$
%
$(
"
#% &
&
,
Silicon Valley,
&
-,,
&
( $
Route 128
#
#
"
&
( $"
#%
. #
«
#% %
$
$
& $ %
$,
#
&
"
#
!
.
$
%
.
$
&
( $
& # "
.
"
$
& ' %
% #
&
&
,
%.
%,
% , # #
$,
,
$(
#
"
# ..
#
#% %
$
#
"
$,
%
,
!
(
"
$
#
"
'
!'
.
$
"
-
Download