.Ɏ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ, ɂ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɫɬɵɲɟɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ ɉȿɊȿɋɌɊɈɃɄɂ ɊȿɋɉɂɊȺɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɋɈɋɍȾɈȼ ɍ ɄɍɊ

ɍȾɄ: 591.3:616.152.21:611-013.84:591.413/.415
ȼ.Ɏ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ, ɂ.Ɇ. Ʉɨɪɨɫɬɵɲɟɜɫɤɚɹ
ɉȿɊȿɋɌɊɈɃɄɂ ɊȿɋɉɂɊȺɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɋɈɋɍȾɈȼ ɍ ɄɍɊ
ȼ ɗɆȻɊɂɈȽȿɇȿɁȿ ȼ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɏ ɈȽɊȺɇɂɑȿɇɂə
ȽȺɁɈɈȻɆȿɇɇɈɃ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ
Ƚɍɇɂɂ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɈ ɊȺɆɇ, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ
ɇɚ 11-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯ ɹɢɰ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ 25% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ, 75% — ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɩɵɬɚ, 100% — ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɤ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɜɟɫ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. ȼ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ 11-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɪɨɮɢɹ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ
ɫɟɞɶɦɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɢ, ɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫ, ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ, ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɹ, ɤɭɪɢɧɵɣ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ, ɱɟɦ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦɢ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ, ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɟ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɵ, ɱɶɹ ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ
(ɏȺɈ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ
ɩɥɚɰɟɧɬɵ ɭ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ [1, 2]. Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ
ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɢɡɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ
ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɏȺɈ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɚɧɝɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. Ʉɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ,
ɝɞɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
ɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɹɣɰɚ, ɨɧɚ ɠɟ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɢɩɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɭɸ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ [3].
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɏȺɈ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [4]. Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ ɏȺɈ ɜ ɹɣɰɟ ɤɭɪ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ.
163
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ 92 ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɒɚɜɟɪ-Ɋɨɞ Ⱥɣɥɟɧɞ ɢɡ Ƚɨɫɩɥɟɦɩɬɢɰɟɡɚɜɨɞɚ «ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ». əɣɰɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ 55-70 ɝ
ɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 38-37,5qɋ
ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ 56-40%. ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɹɢɰ ɧɚ 11-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ (25, 50, 75 ɢ 100% ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɭ)
ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɩɭɞɪɵ
ɫ ɠɟɥɬɤɨɦ ɢ, ɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɹɢɰ
ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɸ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɟɣ. əɣɰɚ ɜɫɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɢ 18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ, ɏȺɈ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ 10% ɡɚɛɭɮɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɧɟ
ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɏȺɈ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ. ɉɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɵɟ
ɫɪɟɡɵ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 2-5 ɦɤɦ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ
ɭɥɶɬɪɨɬɨɦɟ LKB-3, ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧɷɨɡɢɧɨɦ. Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɏȺɈ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɢ ɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ ɫ ɰɟɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ 1,54 ɦɤɦ ɩɪɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ×700. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ [5] ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɏȺɈ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ (289 ɬɨɱɟɤ, 0,018 ɦɦ2 ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
×700). Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɡɚɯ ɏȺɈ, ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧ-ɷɨɡɢɧɨɦ. ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ MC-2000 (Motic,
Ʉɢɬɚɣ) ɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɟ Axiostar plus (Zeiss, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ) (ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜ ×10). ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬɟ Motic Images
2000 (1.3), ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɫɨɫɭɞɚ (Dɧ), ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ (Dɩ) ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
ɫɬɟɧɤɚ/ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ = (Dɧ – Dɩ)/Dɩ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɏȺɈ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɨɜɤɢ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɨɦ ɩɨ Ɇɚɫɫɨɧɭ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ
ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ (81 ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
×450) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚ 10 ɩɨɥɹɯ
ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɢ ɨɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɨɣ ɫ ɰɟɧɨɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ 1,54 ɦɤɦ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ×700.
ȼɚɪɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬɟ
Statistica 6.0, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ (M±m).
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɋɬɶɸɞɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɤ ɩɪɢ p < 0,05.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 1) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɣɰɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 11-ɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɵ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ 75% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɢɰ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɨɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ (14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ) ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ
ɨɬɟɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫ 50% ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ 19-21-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɰɵɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ
ɫɦɨɝ ɜɵɥɭɩɢɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ 25% ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɰɵɩɥɹɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɪɨɤ, ɢ ɩɬɟɧɰɵ ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɢɡ
ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɪɨɤ ɫ 11-ɯ ɩɨ 14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɥɟɤɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. əɣɰɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ (7 ɲɬɭɤ)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
ȼɟɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɢ 18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɝɚɡɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ (ɨɩɵɬɚ), ɫɭɬɤɢ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ
ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɹɣɰɚ, ɝ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
2,93±0,137
25%
3,04±0,33
50%
2,56±0,147
75%
5,40±1,05*
18 (7)
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
4,73±0,180
25%
4,98±0,82
50%
4,86±0,345
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: * — ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ ɩɪɢ p < 0,05.
14 (3)
164
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ, ɝ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ, ɦɝ
9,16±0,252
8,60±0,44
9,38±0,32
6,6±0,90*
23,6±0,35
18,6±0,49*
17,6±0,76*
74,3±4,29
75,6±3,42
84,9±2,51
69±13,8
135,6±5,56
112±5,4*
117,0±8,36
¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ƚɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɣ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ 14 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɩɵɬ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ 50% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ.
Ɉɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɤɫɢɥɢɧ-ɷɨɡɢɧɨɦ. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ 50 ɦɤɦ.
1 — ɩɨɞɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ, 2 — ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ,
3 — ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ, 4 — ɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ.
ɚ — Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ
ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ), ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɭɞ
ɢɡ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ (ɬɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚ); ɛ — Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ
ɡɨɧɚ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ, ɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ) ɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ
ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ (ɬɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚ),
ɢɫɬɨɧɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ (5 ɲɬɭɤ) ɫɟɪɢɣ ɢɦɟɥɢ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɝɢ. ɗɦɛɪɢɨɧɵ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɬɟɥɚ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 1).
ɉɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɏȺɈ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɚ ɹɪɤɨ-ɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ
ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɏȺɈ
ɢ ɩɨɞɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɵ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 6×9 ɦɤɦ
ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ, ɞɨ 9×14 ɦɤɦ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɟ) ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ (Ɋɢɫ. 1, ɚ). ɗɬɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ
ɧɚ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɤɚɯ ɏȺɈ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɧɚɞ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɭɱɤɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ
ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɚɰɢɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɯɫɥɨɣɧɭɸ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɲɢɪɟ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɭɸ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɭ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɟɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɪɭɫɥɨɦ. ɋɬɟɪɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨ¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
ɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɏȺɈ
ɫ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ. ȼɫɟ
ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɦɢ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ, ɚ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
«ɫɬɟɧɤɚ/ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ» ɧɢɠɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɹɯ
ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ (10-45 ɦɤɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ) ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ (61100 ɦɤɦ) ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɦɢ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ
ɧɚ ɥɢɦɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɟ. Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ
ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 2). ȼ ɪɵɯɥɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ.
ɉɨɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɏȺɈ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɚ ɛɥɟɞɧɨɣ, ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ
ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɥ ɟɣ «ɦɪɚɦɨɪɧɵɣ» ɜɢɞ. Ƚɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɏȺɈ
ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɧɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ. ȼ ɧɟɦ
ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɭɱɤɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ. ɉɪɨɫɜɟɬɵ ɢɯ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɚɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ,
ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɝɨɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɬɨɧɤɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ
(Ɋɢɫ. 1, ɛ). ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɥɚ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 2). Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ. Ɂɚ ɬɪɨɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɨɣ ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɥɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚ, ɧɚɞ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɛɟɫɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ.
ɇɚ 18 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ (7 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ) ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ (5 ɹɢɰ) ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ (8 ɹɢɰ) ɫɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɹɢɰ
ɛɵɥɢ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɧɚ 25%. Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ
ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɬɨɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ (ɧɚ
15%), ɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ
ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
165
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
Ɇɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ 50% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɏȺɈ, ɦɤɦ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɦɤɦ
Vv ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɟ, %
Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɢ
ȼɟɧɵ
Ʌɢɦɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ,
ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ, ɦɤɦ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ, ɦɤɦ
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ/ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ
Ʉɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɚ, ɦɤɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɟɬɢ, ɦɤɦ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɯɨɪɢɨɧɚ, %
Ɉɩɵɬ [5]
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ [7]
49,7±1,62
38,7±1,25
(70)
5,5±0,66
7,0±0,59
0,7±0,22
(208)
40,5±2,0
30,7±1,87
0,5±0,024
(60)
5,5r0,18
10,1r0,39
87,7r0,64
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
56,3±3,18*
46,7±3,16*
(50)
7,0±0,97
7,1±1,1
5,5±0,77*
(124)
66,1±4,94*
56,3±4,55*
0,46±0,118
(75)
8,1r0,13*
12,4r0,31*
88,7r0,64
33,6±2,35*#
22,3±2,15*#
(50)
3,6±0,37*#
2,9±0,45*#
0,8±0,22#
—
—
—
—
(75)
6,1r0,14*#
9,0r0,21*#
37,0r1,26*#
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: [] — ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ, () — ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, Vv — ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ, * — ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ, # — ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ ɩɪɢ p < 0,05.
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ
ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ
ɧɚ 18 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ 50%
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ
ɫɟɦɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ. Ɍɨɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ, ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨ Ɇɚɫɫɨɧɭ. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ 10 ɦɤɦ.
ɚ — Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ. Ƚɭɫɬɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ,
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ;
ɛ — Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ. Ɋɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
ɉɪɢɱɭɞɥɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ.
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 1).
ɉɪɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɧɚ 18 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚɦɢ
ɏȺɈ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ
ɫɪɨɤɟ, ɧɨ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɏȺɈ ɢ ɟɟ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ
ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɟ (ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20%) ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɫɹ
ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɬɨɧ166
ɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ
ɧɚɞ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢ. ȼ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɨɥɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ (ɞɨ
60 ɦɤɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ) ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚ ɢ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚ
«ɫɬɟɧɤɚ/ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ». Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɪɨɮɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɩɨ 3-5 ɧɟɡɪɟɥɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
ɷɪɢɬɪɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ.
Ʉɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ
ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ, ɫɟɬɶɸ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ (Ɋɢɫ. 2, ɚ). ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɟɟ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɤɨɪɨɱɟ, ɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 3).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɡɨɜ ɏȺɈ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɚ 7 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɟ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɛɵɥ ɟɳɟ ɬɨɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ, ɢ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɋɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ
ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢɦɢ ɩɭɱɤɚɦɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚ.
ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ, ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɡɨɧɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ, ɱɶɢ ɫɩɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɳɟɥɟɜɢɞɧɵɟ
ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɛɪɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɦɟ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ
¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
Ɇɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ 18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɢ 50% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɏȺɈ, ɦɤɦ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɦɤɦ
Vv ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɟ, %
Ⱥɪɬɟɪɢɢ
ȼɟɧɵ
Ʌɢɦɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ
ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ, ɦɤɦ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ, ɦɤɦ
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ/ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ
Ʉɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ, ɦɤɦ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɟɬɢ, ɦɤɦ
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɯɨɪɢɨɧɚ, %
Ɉɩɵɬ [5]
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ [8]
83,2±2,29
68,4±2,0
(80)
9,5±0,95
8,7±0,62
—
(209)
48,3±2,11
41,9±2,03
0,21±0,009
(80)
5,0r0,16
12,0r0,42
76,6r1,01
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
59,9±5,18*
46,3±5,0*
(50)
8,4±0,92
6,5±0,74
4,6±0,54
(257)
67,5±2,77*
58,0±2,56*
0,26±0,015*
(60)
5,0r0,13
10,0r0,33*
86,4r0,94*
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
44,1±1,90*#
26,4±1,88*#
(50)
7,3±0,74
2,5±0,37*#
1,2±0,24#
—
—
—
—
(75)
4,9r0,18
9,9r0,34*
53,5r0,75*#
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: [] — ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ, () — ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, Vv — ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ, * — ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ, # — ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵ ɩɪɢ p < 0,05.
ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 3). ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɟ.
ɂɯ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɪɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ
ɜ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚɯ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɵ. ɂɦɩɪɟɝɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɦɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɭɞɥɢɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ (Ɋɢɫ. 2, ɛ). ȼ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɭɱɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɏȺɈ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɳɟɥɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ, ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɢɡ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ. ɇɚ ɢɦɩɪɟɝɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɚɧɚɫɬɨɦɨɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ 20-40 ɦɤɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɞɤɭɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɩɟɬɥɢɫɬɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ ɧɚ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ (11 ɫɭɬɤɢ) ɭ ɤɭɪ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬ.ɤ. ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɪɨɤɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɧɟɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10% ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ 16% ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ [6].
Ɉɩɵɬɚɦɢ Miller ɫ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ [7] ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 10 ɞɧɟɣ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ (14% Ɉ2) ɧɟ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɪ¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
ɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɥɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ 25% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɜ ɫɪɨɤ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨ 12 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ [3]. ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɨɫɶ
ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ — ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ
ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ [8], ɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɏȺɈ «ɨɤɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ» ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 12-18
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ [9]. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 14-18 ɫɭɬɤɢ
ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɩɪɨɤɥɸɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ, ɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɏȺɈ ɤɚɤ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬ.
Ɇɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɚɡɨɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɭɸ ɩɭɞɪɭ ɧɚ
ɹɢɱɧɨɦ ɠɟɥɬɤɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ
ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ, ɨɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ. Ɂɚɤɥɟɣɤɭ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɏȺɈ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ —
ɧɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɹɣɰɚ [3, 10]. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɚ
ɜ ɹɣɰɟ.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ — ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɟ167
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
ɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ»
ɜ ɦɦ ɪɬ. ɫɬ./(ɦɥ×ɦɢɧ×100 ɝ) ɤɚɤ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ (ɩɨɫɦɟɪɬɧɨ) ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɢ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ [11]. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ [12], ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɹɣɰɚ (W) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (A): A = 4.835×W0,662. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɏȺɈ ɢ ɱɬɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɹɣɰɚ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ
ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɏȺɈ. ɂɡɦɟɪɢɜ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ
ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɏȺɈ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 2, 3), ɦɵ
ɦɨɠɟɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ. ȼ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ
ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɜ ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɟ ɏȺɈ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɢɰ.
ɗɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɧɚɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɨɛɴɟɦ (ɜ ɦɦ3) ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ ɜ ɹɣɰɟ
ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ (Ɋɢɫ. 3).
ɂɡ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ (Ɋɢɫ. 3) ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɯ
ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
(ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ) ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ
ɏȺɈ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ
ɜ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ (ɦɦ3) ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɯɨɪɢɨɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɢ 18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɢ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ 50% ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ
ɝɚɡɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɫ 11-ɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ.
168
ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 11-ɯ
ɩɨ 14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ 2,3-2,4 ɝ
ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ
ɜ ɏȺɈ ɞɨɡɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɪɭɫɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ [11, 13, 14]. Ʌɢɲɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ (ɜɨɫɤɨɦ, ɤɥɟɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ). Wagner-Amos K., Seymour R.S.
[15, 16] ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɫ 10-ɯ ɩɨ 15-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɫ 12-ɯ ɩɨ
20-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɝɢɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ, ɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɧɟ
ɧɚɲɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ
ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɛɟɥɤɭ ɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ.
ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ
ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ, ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɹɫɧɵɦ [11, 17]. ȿɳɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɚɡɨɞɢɥɹɬɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ
ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɏȺɈ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɉɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɸ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥɚɦɢɧɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɞɩɨɱɟɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ȕ-ɚɞɪɟɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɜɚɡɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɢɤɰɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɚ ɜɚɡɨɞɢɥɹɬɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɨɧɢɸ [18].
Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɤ 12-ɦ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɨɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
(ɨɤɨɥɨ 90%) ɯɨɪɢɨɧɚ [4]. ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɟ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 13-14-ɯ
ɫɭɬɨɤ, ɪɨɫɬ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɡɨɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ ɹɣɰɚ,
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɤɚɩɧɢɢ [19]. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɏȺɈ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 1). ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 14-ɯ
ɩɨ 18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3,5 ɝ, ɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ ɞɨ 2 ɝ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɢɩɨɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ 47% ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ [20] ɢ ɱɬɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɹɣɰɟ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ, ɱɟɦ ɫɨ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ [21].
Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ 18-ɟ
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɢ ɭɬɨɥɳɟɧɢɟ
ɦɟɡɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ 14-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 2, 3). ɑɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɝɚɡɨɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɭ
ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɯɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ. ȼ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɤ 17 ɞɧɸ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ [22].
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɏȺɈ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɚɹ,
ɚ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɢɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ
ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Ɍɚɛɥ. 2, 3).
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɏȺɈ ɧɚ
18-ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
(ɝɪɚɮɢɤ). ɍɬɨɥɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɚɥɥɚɧɬɨɢɫɧɵɯ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɢ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɩɨ
ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɣɰɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ (ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɹɣɰɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɉ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɟɤ ɏȺɈ ɢ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɣ ɡɚɫɬɨɣ - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɦɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ.
¡fiÀÀ“Õ‹ –Œ —¿ÃÕ, ʋ 3 (125), 2007 „.
Ɇɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ
ɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ɇɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɭ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ.
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ ɜɟɫ
ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɏȺɈ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ
ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɚ. ȼ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɟɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɝɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ 11-ɟ
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢɧɤɭɛɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɨɪɥɭɩɵ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɪɨɮɢɹ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɧɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ
ɫɟɞɶɦɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ
ɏȺɈ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɢ, ɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ.
RESPIRATORY VESSELS
REORGANIZATIONS DURING CHICK
EMBRYOGENESIS UNDER GAS
EXCHANGE RESTRICTION CONDITIONS
V.F. Maksimov, I.M. Korostishevskaya
The portion of the chick eggshell surface was
covered by the gas-proof layer on the 11th day of
incubation. Covering of 25% of the surface had no
visible effect on embryo development. Covering of
75% of the surface provoked the pathological
changes incompatible with life after three days of
experiment, the total covering resulted in all
embryos mortality in few hours of experiment.
After three days of incubation with half eggshell
covered the embryo’s mass was not different from
the control because blood vessels reduction in the
covered part of the chorioallantoic membrane was
169
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ȼ.Ɏ. ɉɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɭ ɤɭɪ ɜ ɷɦɛɪɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ / ɫ. 163-170
completely compensated by vessel’s dilatation and
growing in the intact part. That made the opportunity for blood flow redistribution and for
maintenance of normal metabolic level in embryo.
The angiogenic potency of respiratory capillary
network was negligible because its density had
reached maximum on the 11th day of incubation
and its area was limited by the eggshell surface.
Since the structural adaptation of the respiratory
vessels became ineffective for ensuring of the
increasing metabolic demands, the marked embryo
hypotrophy developed during following four
experimental days. Towards the end of the 7th day
of experiment the insufficiency of horioallantoic
blood bed flow capacity manifested in the decrease
by half of control total blood vessel volume. In
these circumstances even the reserved mechanisms, such as development of arterial
hypertension, could not completely compensate the
lack of gas exchange.
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