Document 2394118

! "#
!"#$%&
' "
( "% " ) $*+ ) ,",
"%, %, &-' ". + !% + "%+ " *, /) .( /! %!0 1*2 .( ".
+"% ( - 3$ "!430
$.+"%∆3".-56&$
3)
"$&0*,
(7* ,.,
. ..7*3
+"( !7* .3"
ρρ". "+$,)./) ,8
)430
" . "% "% " !
8 $%3,!
" + " ' $ #(* "
" . &$3# .7 ) . #/. .
99:79:7"#%.",!/ ;:7#/,
, /)*! 3 / 9::17 #/. /
$) ,(89::"0'( "3(*,!
.+ " ! 2 : #, (*<.
"+ .( (*+ %+ 3<
%.!)%3)./#3")"0
"3($*,,
" "%.)
!. ,(, .7*/)3
".<= $* # ! 3 "#
,!(% 0(<*.7 *7,", 88
,!( * (. (% ,"3 #, " !,+ " !,+ ,+ 2 & /#,"$!$<.
,(*+"+ .(
*+ .(8*
) " " " + .( 1)<7* ,+ .(&((".(."'
"/#3,+! ,+" "$=+%</
" ./0
00>>7?00
(%.!,!#"$= ( $,"%01(!$!&""
$. $.+ #0 (*< #, $. "
)"0 .(,+#(" ,+" !
/
/ . .. "8 & ! ! ) $.)
"$") − ") − "
%∆@AB 43 ., "(3 $.
,! # , $*, ( ",! 9::1 9::0 C, $ 7 *
$ " "3 . 3 !"+ .(7.!".
"+#, − 1$! <".* .(,+,+
"% ,+'"α+"%∆43 %7$!7)" 3 ."3
. $%. !7 . .<. , ″3,″ #,
"01 ,,)$.,! !.!&AAA'
(
7 * / " ( " !,! .! &# " % $* $7 !. . "
#C,$ 7*/"3,+7*3
$ "$. "$<=!!$"3$ 37*"#,! !.!
."$ " ($. 3,+ " "%8!<"3" #,
"$+"%" ,"7
*/.."$ ,$ 8!
+.,!"# ″$+″7,!,".
,",! )+0 + 37 .3+ " +
"%"
,$ 7*/)3
" ,+ 33<7 !.. )$., + 3 "
"9:,$ 7*"."
/). .(/
/0
"+*(.3",3)
"0 , " . /$ #$ " $
"$ + .(3<# $"$<7*#"
, + $.)"# $$)!( /$ #$ !D ,+ " γ %&'())) !*+,
# $ *0$)"#,"2
".< "$ #$ β0 (7 ( ! # " α β γ
# γ , ! ,!7 $.,! #7
"+,7"$)+ + " # " , " ." *
!# $+3($<( ("+
. $, !3< ") 0 1" )7 / *)# $(*( ,*+ 01)<7*<* )* * !7 / ( * )* < "* .0 + " !" ( 38)* !73. *3 ! $*, .
,"3,%&" )'# $:
E>>
FE>9E
?
" < * ,7 )<
)*, /##0 %7 + " <* , ") ".%+$.*+# $C38.*3*
"., , (*,! !
" ;9 - # $ # $ ( + ,! $.,! # " !) " ! " -
#$%
# . $
$ , =+ *! *! ("+ .
" ,", !.0 ) " .< " )*(. .."$ .(!8!
( ,! "# $+7 7 )$! ″"″0 .
,"#,$$ $<)AG' "" "3($
#$. (3. ..)
.$$3 ,80/+ .( ( ,+ 7$=
$< $.! ! - ,8+ *3< .( "0
1", -7 !, ". ) , $= 3 ,!
$!0 "+ $". . (3 *
"
0
! $
%
!
*, ", ! " !"# $" 3,+
,+ #$% ( /*+ D.%,+
#$%7 <*<=+7.%</ H
- = ∑ # + $ 1,,*".</*0> $*, <.
3, $ .%$ #$% . 7
!"<3+%!
$,
"." ,+".( ,. .<.,+
#$%/ρ.%,+#$%$
&'( ( ,+ 3+ + %! ,**<%!8%!
%!
3($< (*, , ". ! (0 :
$ 3 !8 , $$$ $7 3, *,7
"3, ,7 $" 3 ( " /) .(0 7
/). .( ". $, I5JD ,8 /3
(*43 1/$,( ,"!",7. $*,
<= 3, $7 .%$ * / !"# " ". /) .( *,7 ( /
3,(*.0.!,( C ".!")
#$% / &#$% )*+,* <* .%,! ;F);1 %-. / 7 ( "
)%-. , !".3
= 7&8 + − - + − 56 + 234 + − /01 , K " / , *( +$< " "*$<
.%<(*+/)+(%$(*+%
(% $7 "=! , ,! ! " 0 ($3$<
= 3, (*. ". "$<=H 0 / ". $, " (
00>>7?00
//→K")%-."/)< .(
43
"$ .(7*!8)$./3,
(*. 43 0 1$.,+ " 6
/("43
$ %
!
?3
$*$<$$$ "3 .
0$
(7.=+(! 1 ,+
+ "3<
,($<.*" $!)
+ &AAA' & # $ $3 ($. " $. ). ' ,
<.."$. = 9 L*+8
. "$ = 9 $) "$ . $
0 M"3 +8 . "$ "
*! , .=+ ( )
.7 ). 3).7(,+$
.+"% (."-(*+"%+"0
*! , - " $!% + & +' .( !
% + .($".(," -H . .(3
" " $. ( . !% . .(3 " " $. ( . ") .1 ",*,"..$.+"
%($.3 7)" .(3( /$*"% +"%$,",+
" $" .( - $*.$$)7.=.(! "3 .#$%.3
1(," % "%":77
E>>
FE>9E
?
*, "3)1
23
(!"# .N
+8!"%,%"7
3( (, #$% +." )$ →
→ . /## , D/, % . 3,! , . + /## ,+ AD/D
,+ % . $, " $*, 3 /,
( ) )$ → <* " $! .(%,!D#$%+/αOA7NG:($*8
, /$<$$$" <( ,(1
1 1(% 7 .(,!"7
%.$*, 3 ,
,(# ,/
3(*8*)0.
( + 3( " )%-. (*,! D
+". ! (0
,+ &"% ,+' " $
! . .. + #+0 ( /3,! ",!
"$7*.!(."θ !"# ! # $$, × /!$ .!" .(" !3<)* "<
, /$ /3 " .3 (,
"3 ."# ″$+″″″"%, +
"0 1 ,! " .! " )$., !$$<.3 .")37* /!$ .!
(38.%%. ,!"# 0/,
,,+
. ..+"3<".*
)(#""#+ ! 3,!$ .!(0% ",($3,*,!#-*
,! $.+#,".))).+
"
1*3 .(! )"∆
$..
#
ρ
∆
/
∆
∆3
;
.#
-
∆
3
7
7
7
7
;
9
9
99
9
9
.
1*:∆;$.+"%"".
))).+<∆
(/) .(D/
" $<= (. (." ∆ " "% +
"%< ρ . 3 "< ∆
/). ". + "
%"<( ,",""
.( 5234-567! ",(*.
"+8)3)(3).
.
00>>7?00
$.+"%∆ ,*,(8+
∆
"
#$;#
$<
∆"
#$;#
$
)" /) ".3 " )%-. . " )( + #(
/ 0 "0 " Σ "
"0"0
&' ! .) . . # " ($3 !+ "%% $.+ #, ( 3 ),7 , ..0 $.. #
"" . " $!!01" )/#. ..
"+("+%&)('→"'→"'( (,!
*!!0+ .((*338+/#33<
$.)" <,0:#3,+"
$ % %3) . /7 3 $.,!
#".0
(%, "7*!"$= $38%3
) (." " " + $ 3 +
#,∆G7P01"% +"%/). .(/
" $38. ". ))7 ) .+ ∆ /01",9:,#" $
÷/7/$)*".$." +
#,÷/0(( +".)
.. "$7 * "+ 3 "ρ &0 %$
*(ρ"."$).. − " 37 */## )(."7" .(7 *
+ .($< #$ " "$ " $ $"$ * ) )" $..
#($. "+# − *,(, <7*$.,#,"
<
(,"%∆430:338/
3)(*.∆43 ( , $*
(*. ∆ = "< .() .. &%3 (*
, "%' 7 7 *( % < ∆ 43 8!*!,
,$*
%3(*∆"." (%
(%!4 ",!
*! (* ∆ 43 $* " (
%
(%!4 " $! .(%,! D#$%+ $ * ( "
3 ". ) .. % . .. /(*0
).# ,8+/)430
( ( . "3 " 3 %< $,
3 *! , 3 (
%. .( / $* ",+ ( " .(- "%%$,,#,($<
- : 7 $" ( 7 . .. /)* ).,7/$3$,"$.($$:
E>>
FE>9E
?
9
($3 *. "% ) )" 3 "$
.($$ *, ,! # "(, <7 * *.
.(3 " ($. ". - * ″)″ , ' *3 ∆ 43 ( ,8 * ∆ 43$3,'0"($<.-
,!$ .(+ !,"
1*38430 , .(
" $!% ,83$ 7" .(
"
+8)3)(3).(*3 ,8
$< .(3
&0%$/$-(
$$-%!".. ")
/$ $38 D", $ " < "
2*( !3
13*.
$, $ "$0 " ( /." .(
( !,!$$
( */(%.!
" % % ⋅' <". $$ ×
3+8 ,8/(%"⋅%(."#%$<$$
$"&6×01!"# +$$,
:
!" ×→× (# ,! .!
,. " θ ! $*,! $$7 *,! ×($. ( 7**!(%!
1C"8$ <"%,+",!$$×≤≤*
, /3, # . "%) . 2.3 8! * 0 + 37 ,!
,.!"(.-7, $*. .(3
00 *,. "(</)*
,)",!-700-( ,
($$
*."
,! ,+ "7 )" !" # !
. *! (% ! )*+ (*.,!+,.0
#(!
*. .(3")
($.!
!% + "%7 /$ "%, %, "#,! !+$"$" , .
( *,!$.,!#")$.
+)
.(D((!"%0
" ** "" + #" #$"
3,!" +),QRNDGSDSP6GGQRNDABDRTBTA'0
!"#$%" & '
56 7898: . ;
!"#$%&%'(.<=><?+@.
)*# +,* - ><? +@ . ; .% !
+. ( 7A*B .ACD %*99 . ; ' + +. (
00>>7?00
.%!><?+@.; %*!#/+
3E@5 . ; )# + & #, & 3E@5.%%;00!*$ )+1%"2(
3E@5
.
+# % ! ><? +@ . ; 3&* -) -%) * 3E@5 . ; (+ % (
4** "% ( 3E@5 . ; % ( (+ 4** "%(3E@5
.;) 3E@5.%%;
!+%)%%+*"53E@5.
! " + 3E@5 . ; !% +#* + 1
) ! * 7898: %*99 . ; !% +#* + #*1
$)##*%).ACDF*6).
!%/&+2%"G7A*B=+"8<858C#<8HD.
;-+!%/&+
II:><?+@.;-+!%/&
+G7898:.
()
** "
*!* +
,
+** ( 0
%' +)* + % ><? +@ . <
%'3E@5.;!++.(3E@5
. ; !&. %% + !*% 3E@5 .; "** 33+(3E@5.
"** 3E@5
.
6& - %# ( (& 0 * .ACD F*6 . ;
(!!#*><?+@
.;/*1
/(+.(%#(3E@5.
!%%4!&#2%'4#'&*3E@5.;
!&#2%' 4 !%% 4 '#&% 4 G 7898: . ;
!&#2%' 4 !%% 4 %' 4 '#&% 4 3E@5 .
!%%4%#'+*&#%'#%%'+7898:%*99
.
!%
+#*+)!*7898: %*99 . ;#*1
$)#!%
+#*+#*%)*)*<)>HJ*H*D.ACD7A*B
.
+"%/"+><?+@
.
( % !( G 7A*B .ACD . ; * #* (+ *#" - ><? +@ . ; + + G7A*B.ACD
.;5%'+.(3E@5
.;%&(!(><?+@
. % %; %& ( ! ( G 7A*B .ACD . ; % 444 0 ><? +@ .; %4440G7898:.;!%%1
3* " + K=: .ACD . ; -. "*/0*
12**$0$$0!0
U0
$&7 3H9GL>8H97A*B.;$&7 $&
G7A*B.ACD.;$&7.<=><?+@
.
!-+'*><?+@
.
*"* (3
*4* 1 2** $0 $$0 !0 0
) 0 !*HD@9C">H+9@=H8: #A*=<C =? 9=BD 8H5 K=:*+>:*D M?=<5 (-
; !*HD@9C ">H+9@=H8: #A*=<C (
# 3 *<@*D *<@*D ) .ACD@+D N5 NO2 1<=DD
FK!<*@J@+<(-.:*H>B.<*DD
%#0!&-G.ACD7A*B.
E>>
FE>9E
?
%&%0*&$+78HG.ACD.
!&-.ACDF*6.
!&-3E@5.
)03E@5
.
!&-G7A*B.ACD.
#+(&0#*)*!*1
23
(!"#F*6@D@=H118>D
D@8H3H+.@99DE><A
2(00G7A*B.ACD.
2(+3E@5.
-)3E@5.
#0(-%#3*%*(3E@5.
"55(5
5
3
*2*$*+
# 6*
*%
5
7
!"# $%&%'
5
5865(6
98
8:99;.*