планирование лабораторных экспериментов на моделях

2015
ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ɉɇɂɉɍ
ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ
ʋ1
DOI: 10.15593/2224-9826/2015.1.11
ɍȾɄ 624.154.51
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ,
ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ
ɉɅȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇɕɏ ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌɈȼ
ɇȺ ɆɈȾȿɅəɏ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼɕɏ ɋȼȺɃ ȼ ɈȻɈɅɈɑɄȿ
ɂɁ ȽȿɈɋɂɇɌȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɵɩɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30 ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, ɒɜɟɰɢɢ, Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ, ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ
ɤɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɛ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɚɛɵɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɨɬɤɟ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɟɪɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ. ɋɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɛ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɟ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɚɢ, ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ, ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ.
R.I. Shenkman, A.B. Ponomarɟv
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
PLANNING OF THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
ON GEOTEXTILE ENCASED STONE COLUMNS
The article provides information about improvement of the weak clay subgrade using geotextile
encased stone columns. This technology has proven its effectiveness in the construction of embankments
on soft clay saturated soils on more than 30 projects in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Poland and
Brazil. The article presents overview of the technology, the state of knowledge on this topic. Article present
149
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
materials about relevance of the study of this technology for applying in Perm region which is characterized
by the presence of weak bases represented by water-saturated clay soils, which are located in the zone of
active urban construction. The article presents an overview and analysis of existing experimental studies of
various scholars on the subject, which allows to identify the area of the current study which aim is applying
this technology to improve the weak bases of the foundations of buildings and structures. Also it considers
the problem of planning of the experimental studies of geotextile encased stone columns in the laboratory
conditions. These experiments suggest the test models of geotextile encased soil piles made in a tray filled
with clay soil which is simulating typical weak foundation of the city of Perm. The paper presents the developed experimental scheme. The equipment by means of which is supposed to perform the measurement
of parameters of interest system is presented. Conclusions on the relevance and novelty. of the objectives
of the planned experimental studies are made.
Keywords: ground piles, geotextile encased stone columns, experimental research, laboratory
experiments, design of experiments, planning of experiments, weak soils, clay soils.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɛɵɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɣɦɵ ɪɟɤ, ɬɨɪɮɹɧɢɤɢ, ɛɨɥɨɬɚ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ; ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɪɟɤɢ
Ʉɚɦɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɜɲɟɦ ɫɜɨɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɵɩɟɣ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30 ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ,
ɒɜɟɰɢɢ, Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ, ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ. Ƚɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ
ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɚɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ,
ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɚɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɳɟɛɟɧɶ, ɝɪɚɜɢɣ, ɩɟɫɨɤ, ɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ – ɝɟɨɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ, ɝɟɨɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɟɨɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɵ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ
ɧɟɫɭɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɜ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɍɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɨɦ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɟɦɵɦ ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ. ɋɭɝɥɢɧɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ 8 ɦ, ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ – 2 ɦ. ɇɢɠɟ ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ – ɚɪɝɢɥɥɢɬ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ
ɫ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚɦɢ ɚɥɟɜɪɨɥɢɬɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ150
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ
ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ.
ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ
ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ, ɤɚɤ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ [1, 2], H. Kempert [3], J. Gniel [4],
U. Trunk [5], A. Paul [6], J.Castro [7] ɢ ɞɪ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ: ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɢɛɪɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɜɢɛɪɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɧɟɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɲɢɬɵɣ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɬɪɭɛɚ, ɜɢɛɪɢɪɭɹ, ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɚɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜɢɛɪɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ [6, 8].
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ
ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɢɛɪɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
151
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
ɉɪɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɲɧɟɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2). Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ, ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɣ [6, 8].
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ
ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
1. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜɜɢɞɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɚɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ.
U. Trunk ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɚɢ
ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ,
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ, ɳɟɛɟɧɶ, ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɳɟɛɟɧɶ)
ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ Secugrid ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 [5].
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ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ
400 ɤɇ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɫɜɚɢ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɳɟɛɧɟɦ.
J. Gniel ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɜɚɣ
ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɞɨɦɟɬɪɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɫɜɚɢ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɜɚɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɜɚɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɝɟɨɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ
ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɚɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɚɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɟɫɨɤ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ – ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɝɥɢɧɚ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ
ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 [4, 9].
ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɪɲɧɹ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɷɬɚɩɚ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɩɨɪɲɟɧɶ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɧɢɡ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɢɧɭ ɞɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɜɚɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɝɥɢɧɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɥɢɫɶ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɪɲɧɹ, ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ «ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ». ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5 [4, 8].
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Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ «ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ»
M. Raithel ɢ ɞɪ. ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɚɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɫɟɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6 [10].
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɫ. Ʉɭɥɬɚɟɜɨ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɪɚɹ. ȼ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ (ɞɨ 14,0 ɦ) ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨ154
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɚQIV). ɋ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0,1 ɦ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɚQIV, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɦɢ,
ɥɟɝɤɢɦɢ ɩɵɥɟɜɚɬɵɦɢ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɩɵɥɟɜɚɬɵɦɢ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0,8–11,8 ɦ, ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɚɟɦɵɟ – ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɦ ɢ ɝɚɥɟɱɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ
ɛɵɥ ɭɞɚɥɟɧ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨ-ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɲɭɪɮ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 2 ɦ ɞɨ
ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɲɭɪɮɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Geomil
LWC-100/100 XS. ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɞɨ 11 ɦ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ
4 ɞɨ 6 Ɇɉɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɢɡ ɳɟɛɧɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ
0–20 ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɨɛɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɫɟɬɤɨɣ ɋɋɇɉ 50/50-25. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɚɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7. ɋɯɟɦɵ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8 [11].
155
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 7. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 8. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ: ɚ – ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ; ɛ – ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɟɣ ɜ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ; ɜ – ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɵɟ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɚɢ ɜ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ;
ɝ – ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɜɚɣ (3 ɲɬ.)
156
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ [11]:
1. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɜɚɣ
ɢɡ ɳɟɛɧɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɚɞɤɭ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ (ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɳɟɛɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɟɤ ɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ).
2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɚɢ ɜ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ɦɚɥɨɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɩɟɪɦɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɪɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫɜɚɣ
ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ.
3. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ, ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɵɩɟɣ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɚɟɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɚɣ ɩɨ «ɜɢɫɹɱɟɣ» ɫɯɟɦɟ,
ɬ.ɟ. ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [11, 12].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨ-ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɚɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ»
157
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. Ʉɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɥɨɬɤɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 0,4×1×1 (h) ɦ. Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɚɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ
ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.
Ɋɢɫ. 9. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɚɛɨɦ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ
ɫɜɚɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
«ɜɢɫɹɱɟɣ» ɫɯɟɦɟ; ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɜɚɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ
ɬɨɥɳɢ ɩɨɞ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ
ɠɟɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɲɬɚɦɩɚ. ɇɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɬɚɦɩɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ; ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɒȼ60 ɁȺɈ «Ƚɟɨɬɟɫɬ».
Ɏɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 10).
158
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
Ɋɢɫ. 10. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɚ – ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ
ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɟɣ; ɛ – ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɜɚɣ
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɢ ɬɟɧɡɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɇɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ
ɜɵɪɟɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɛɟɪɢɥɥɢɟɜɨɣ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ. Ɍɟɧɡɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɧɚɤɥɟɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ
ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɟɹ ȻɎ-2 ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ.
Ɍɚɪɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɬɪɟɯɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɌȿɊȿɆ 4.1 ɈȺɈ «ɂɧɬɟɪɩɪɢɛɨɪ» ɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɧɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɍɟɧɡɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɨɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɦɨɫɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɚ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ
ɜɢɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɫɞɨɡɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɫɞɨɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 11. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 12.
159
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
Ɋɢɫ. 11. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɫɞɨɡɵ,
ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
Ɋɢɫ. 12. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɦɟɫɞɨɡ Ɍɟɪɟɦ 4.1
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ,
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɲɬɚɦɩɭ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɦɩɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ H. Kempfert ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ EBGEO [3]. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 13 [3].
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɢɥ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ
160
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
Ɋɢɫ. 13. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɜɚɣ
ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɚɢ.
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɚɣ ɩɨ «ɜɢɫɹɱɟɣ» ɫɯɟɦɟ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ
ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ.
161
Ɋ.ɂ. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ, Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ., Ʉɢɫɥɨɜ ɋ.Ɇ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ //
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɩɪɚɤɬ. ɤɨɧɮ. – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, 2003. –
ɋ. 131–133.
2. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ., ɉɚɭɥɶ Ⱥ. Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɫɜɚɣ ɢɡ ɳɟɛɧɹ ɜ ɝɟɨɪɟɲɟɬɤɟ // ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɤɨɧɮ. ɩɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. – ɉɟɪɦɶ, 2004. – ɋ. 248–256.
3. Kempfert H., Gebreselassie B. Excovations and Foundations in
Soft Soil. – Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. – 591 p.
4. Gniel J., Bouazza A. Improvement of soft soils using geogrid encased stone columns // Geotextiles and Geomembranes. – 2009. – No. 27. –
P. 167–175.
5. Geogrid wrapped vibro stone columns / U. Trunk, G. Heerten, A. Paul,
E. Reuter // Materials of Eurogeo 3rd conference. – 2004. – P. 289–294.
6. Paul A., Ponomarev A. The bearing behavior of geogrid reinforced,
crushed stone columns in comparison to non-reinforced concrete pile foundations // Proceedings of the Eurogeo 3. – Munich, 2004. – Vol. II. – Ɋ. 285–289.
7. Castro J., Sagaseta C. Deformation and consolidation around encased stone columns // Geotextiles and Geomembranes. – 2011. – No. 29. –
P. 268–276.
8. Alexiew D., Raithel M., Kuster V. 15 years of experience with geotextile encased granular columns as foundation system // ISSMGE – Ɍɋ 211
International Symposium on Ground Improvement IS-GI, Brussels 31 May –
1 June. – Brussels, 2012. – IV3–IV20.
9. Gniel J., Bouazza A. Construction of geogrid encased stone columns: A new proposal based on laboratory testing // Geotextiles and Geomembranes. – 2010. – ʋ 28. – P. 108–118.
10. Raithel M., Alexiew D., Kuster V. Loading test on a group of
geotextile encased columns and analysis of the bearing and deformation behaviour and global stability // Proceedings of the International Conference
on Ground Improvement and Ground Control. – Wolongong, 2012. –
P. 703–708.
11. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɥɭɧɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ. – 2014. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 54–60.
162
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ …
12. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ. –
2013. – ʋ 1 (36). – ɋ. 82–89.
13. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ
ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɍɪɛɚɧɢɫɬɢɤɚ. –2012. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 28–36.
14. ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋ.ɂ., ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɢ ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. – 2011. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 89–94.
15. Ɉɝɚɪɤɨɜɚ Ɇ.Ɇ., ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋ.ɂ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɚɣ
ɜ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɟɪɦɢ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. –
2014. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 187–199. DOI: http: //dx.doi.org/10.15593/22249826/2014.1.16
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crushed stone columns in comparison to non-reinforced concrete pile foundations. Proceedings of the Eurogeo 3. Munich, 2004, vol. II, pp. 285-289.
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ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 26.01.2015
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
ɒɟɧɤɦɚɧ Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ (614990,
ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29, e-mail: [email protected]).
ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɭɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɞɨɤɬɨɪ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ (614990, ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪ., 29, e-mail: [email protected]).
About the authors
Roman I. Shenkman (Perm, Russian Federation) – Postgraduate student, Department of Building Production and Geotechnics, Perm National
Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990,
Russian Federation, e-mail: [email protected]).
Andrei B. Ponomarɟv (Perm, Russian Federation) – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Building Production and
Geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, e-mail: [email protected]).
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