Мельничук М.А.

Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2014¿
Ñåêöèÿ ¾Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå è ìóíèöèïàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå¿
ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÍÍÎÅ ÏÐÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ È ÇÀ ÐÓÁÅÆÎÌ
Ìåëüíè÷óê Ìàðèÿ Àëåêñàíäðîâíà
Àñïèðàíò
Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò èìåíè Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Ôàêóëüòåò
ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ
E-mail: [email protected]
Êîíöåïöèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà (e-government) íà÷àëà ôîðìèðîâàòüñÿ íà
Çàïàäå â êîíöå XX âåêà. Càì òåðìèí âîçíèê â êîíöå 90-õ ãîäîâ, îäíàêî èäåè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé â ðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, çàðîäèëèñü
åùå â 70-õ ãîäàõ.
Èíîñòðàííûå àâòîðû âûñêàçûâàþò ìíåíèå î òîì, ÷òî ñèñòåìà ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ñëîæíûì îáúåêòîì èññëåäîâàíèÿ [9]. Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî
òåì, ÷òî, âî-ïåðâûõ, äàííàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïîÿâèëàñü îòíîñèòåëüíî íåäàâíî è åùå íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëíîñòüþ îñìûñëåííîé, à âî-âòîðûõ, îíà íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñòûêå íåñêîëüêèõ äèñöèïëèí.
Íà äàííûé ìîìåíò ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîæåñòâî îïðåäåëåíèé ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà. Êàê ñïðàâåäëèâî îòìå÷àåò Ï.Ó. Êóçíåöîâ, ñòîèò ó÷èòûâàòü, ÷òî ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå
¾ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî¿ (electronic government) è åãî ñîêðàùåííûé âàðèàíò (egovernment) èçíà÷àëüíî âîçíèêëè â ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ïðàêòèêå, è ëèøü ïîòîì ñòàëè èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â Ðîññèè [3].
 áîëüøèíñòâå çàðóáåæíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ â îïðåäåëåíèè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà àêöåíò ñäåëàí íà ïðèìåíåíèè ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé â ðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî
óïðàâëåíèÿ [11, 12, 13]. Ñðåäè ðîññèéñêèõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé îòñóòñòâóåò åäèíñòâî â ðåøåíèè âîïðîñà, ÷òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî [2,4,7].
 ðàìêàõ íàñòîÿùåãî äîêëàäà èññëåäîâàíèå èñòîðèè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà òåîðèè, ðàñêðûòîé Ì.À. Ñåäèíêèíûì, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîé ñóùåñòâóåò ÷åòûðå îñíîâíûõ ìîäåëè ïîñòðîåíèÿ ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà:
êîíòèíåíòàëüíî-åâðîïåéñêàÿ ìîäåëü (ñòðàíû Çàïàäíîé, Öåíòðàëüíîé è Âîñòî÷íîé
Åâðîïû);
àíãëî-àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ìîäåëü (ÑØÀ, Êàíàäà, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ);
àçèàòñêàÿ ìîäåëü (Þæíàÿ Êîðåÿ, Ñèíãàïóð);
ðîññèéñêàÿ ìîäåëü [5].
Ëèòåðàòóðà
1. Ãäàëåâè÷ Ïðàâîâîé ñåðâèñ â Ðîññèè: òåîðåòèêî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå è èñòîðèêîïðàâîâûå ïðîáëåìû èíñòèòóöèîíàëüíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ. Ì., 2013.
2. Êàøèíà Å.À. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè: ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèé àñïåêò Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... êàíä. ïîëèò. íàóê. Ìîñêâà,
2009.
3. Êóçíåöîâ Ñ.Ë. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî - ÷òî ýòî òàêîå? // Äåëîïðîèçâîäñòâî.
Ì., 2010. N 1.
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Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ¾Ëîìîíîñîâ 2014¿
4. Êóðíîñîâ È.Í. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ êîíöåïöèè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà: íîâûé ýòàï
// Èíôîðìàöèîííîå îáùåñòâî, Ì., 2004. âûï. 6, ññ. 18-26.
5. Ñåäèíêèí Ì.À. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî. Èëè êàê îòêðûòü âëàñòü äëÿ îáùåñòâà? E-Government. How to open authority for society? // Åêá., 2011.
6. Òåðåùåíêî Ë.Ê. Ìîäåðíèçàöèÿ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ îòíîøåíèé è èíôîðìàöèîííîãî
çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà. Ì., 2013.
7. Õàáèáóëèí Ð.È. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî êàê ýëåìåíò èíñòðóìåíòàðèÿ ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ìîäåðíèçàöèè Ðîññèè. Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... êàíä. ïîëèò. íàóê. Óôà, 2012.
8. Öåëèùåâà Å.Ô. Îò ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ê ýëåêòðîííîìó ãîñóäàðñòâó //
ÝÃÎ: Ýêîíîìèêà. Ãîñóäàðñòâî. Îáùåñòâî,  2 (6) 2011.
9. Gr
onlund, Ake and Horan, Thomas A. (2005) "Introducing e-Gov: History, Denitions,
and Issues,"Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 15,
Article 39.
10. Subhajit Basu E-Government and Developing Countries: An Overview // International
Review of law computers & Technology, Volume 18, No. 1, pages 109-132, March, 2004
11. Âñåìèðíûé áàíê [ñàéò]: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTINF
menuPK:702592
pagePK:148956
piPK:216618
theSitePK:702586,00.html
12. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ
ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî
ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà
http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4752
è
ðàçâèòèÿ
[ñàéò]:
13. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ îáúåäèíåííûõ íàöèé [ñàéò]: http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/egovernment_overvi
14. Åâðîïåéñêàÿ ñôåðà èññëåäîâàíèé [ñàéò]: http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm.
15. Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà-2002 [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_societ
16. Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà-2005 [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_societ
17. Ñðåäíåñðî÷íûé îáçîð ðåçóëüòàòîâ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïðîåêòà ¾Ýëåêòðîííàÿ Åâðîïà
2005¿ [ñàéò]: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/l24226_
18. Èíôîðìàöèîííî-êîììóíèêàöèîííûå
òåõíîëîãèè
è
ýëåêòðîííîå
ïðàâèòåëüñòâî:
ïëàí
äåéñòâèé
íà
2011-2015
ãîäû
[ñàéò]:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/si0021_en.htm
19. Âñåìèðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â îáëàñòè ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÎÎÍ [ñàéò]:
http://www.unpan.org/egovkb/global_reports/08report.htm
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