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L%*(2-, "-&2-)72. 5(2-*8 + -984(+ A"-*++ -')+4(:'&, -' 5(2-*-! + -984($! 5(#.9$6*80 &'#(*, 38 *$ *(&'(+!($3 *( +0 *$3$%)$**-3 "$#$&3-'#$. B*(4()( 38 +5.4+3 /-&.%(#&'!$**8$ +*&'+'.'8 =+!+)+5-!(**80 &'#(*, !-573$3 *( !--#.6$*+$ '$ +5 *+0, 4'- *(+9-)$$ ——————————— 5 Q.2.%5(!( %51*&: (H-)*-$ &-9#(*+$ &-4+*$*+> Q.2.%5(!(). I-2+-, 1933, '. 2–4. 6 I$#3+* «3+*+&'#» +&"-)75.$'&, ! &'('7$ %-&'('-4*- .&)-!*-, "-&2-)72. «3+*+&'$#&'!(» ! &-!#$3$**-3 "-*+3(*++ 1'-/- &)-!( "-,!+)+&7 ! &'#.2'.#$ ,"-*&2-> =$*'#()7*-> (%3+*+&'#(=++ '-)72- ! 1881 /., "-&)$ #$<-#38 ,"-*&2-/- "#(!+'$)7&'!( "- 5("(%*-3. -9#(5=.. 7 The Iwakura Mission in America and Europe. Japan Library, 1998, #.2. 8 Mossman S. New Japan, the Land of the Rising Sun; it’s annals during the past twenty years, recording the remarkable progressing of the Japanese in the Western civilization. London, 1873, #. 428. 9 Cit. in: The Iwakura Mission in America and Europe, #. 52. 10 D*&1>&2+$ %-/-!-#8, *$#(!*-"#(!*8$ %-/-!-#8, 5(2):4N**8$ ! 1854–1858 //. BUD + %#./+3+ 5("(%*83+ %$#6(!(3+ & A"-*+$> ! /-%8 D*&1> (-<+=+()7*-$ *(+3$*-!(*+$ /-%-! "#(!)$*+, (1854 – 1860) +3"$#('-#( F-31>). 11 B-/)(&*- 13 &'('7$ '-#/-!-/- %-/-!-#(, 5(2):4$**-/- 3$6%. A"-*+$> + BUD 29 +:), 1858 /., $/- "$#$&3-'# "- 6$)(*+: (3$#+2(*&2-> +)+ ,"-*&2-> &'-#-*8 3-/ 98'7 +*+=++#-!(* "-&)$ 4 +:), 1872 /. (Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States of America and Japan, Edo, July 29,1858. Cit. in Meiji Japan through Contemporary Sources. Vol. 2. Tokyo, 1970, #. 35). 354 355 "-%0-%,' %), A"-*++, + "#-!$%$3 &$#7$5*.: #$<-#3. *(C$> (%3+*+&'#('+!*-> &+&'$38 + &'+), "#(!)$*+, %), '-/-, 4'-98 %-&'+/*.'7 #(!*-"#(!*-/- &'('.&( & =+!+)+5-!(**83+ /-&.%(#&'!(3+»12. - !#$3, !+5+'( ! 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——————————— 12 Imperial Letter to Emperors and Presidents on the Despatch of Iwakura Mission, November 4, 1871. Cit. in Meiji Japan through Contemporary Sources. Vol. 2. Tokyo, 1970, ##.95–96. 13 Cit. in: Checkland O. Britain’s Encounter with Meiji Japan, 1868–1912. London, 1989, &. 111. 14 F.31 F.*+'(21 (1839–1922) #-%+)&, ! 1839 /. ! 2*,6$&'!$ B(/(. B 1854 "- 1859 /. .4+)&, ! -%*-> +5 *(+9-)$$ +5!$&'*80 C2-) #-%*-/- 2*,6$&'!( –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he Iwakura Mission in America and Europe. 1998. 18 ?%$&7, "#(!%(, *.6*- .4$&'7, 4'- ! BUD 4(&'7 !#$3$*+ 98)( "-'#(4$*( !".&'.:. I$ %*+, 2-/%( 3+&&+, "#(2'+4$&2+ 9$5%$>&'!-!()( ! -6+%(*++ "#+98'+, @'- K+#-9.3+ + L2.9I-&+3+'+. H-&)$%*+$ 98)+ -'"#(!)$*8 ! A"-*+: %), "-).4$*+, &"$=+()7*-/- %-2.3$*'(, "-%'!$#6%(:;$/- "#(!- 3+&&++ !$&'+ "$#$/-!-#8 "- "$#$&3-'#. *$#(!*-"#(!*80 %-/-!-#-! -' )+=( +3"$#('-#(. (The Iwakura Mission in America and Europe. 1998, #. .2–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«S$&,= *(5(% *(3 .6$ %$3-*&'#+#-!()+ '(2-> 6$ "#-=$&& ! /. F#. (D*/)+, – ,. %.). +%+3-, 2 '-3. !#$3$*+ , .6$ *(&'-)72——————————— 20 Mossman S. New Japan, the Land of Rising Sun. Its annals during the past twenty years, recording the remarkable progress of the Japanese in Western Civilization. London, 1873, #. 439. 21 +)7,3 D&'-* (1841–1911) – & 1862 /. "$#$!-%4+2 9#+'(*&2-> %+")-3('+4$&2-> 3+&&++ ! A"-*++. B4+'($'&, -%*+3 +5 !8%(:;+0&, (*/)+>&2+0 <+)-)-/-! 1"-0+ S1>%5+, 5(*+3(!C+0&, ,"-*&2-> )+'$#('.#->. H$#$!$) O+0-*/+ (1894 /.) + *("+&() #,% #(9-' "- &+*'- + ,"-*&2-> )+'$#('.#$. 22 B.;$&'!.$' *$&2-)72- !$#&+>, 2-/- F.31 F.*+'(21 +3$*.$' ! &!-+0 5("+&,0 /$*$#()-3 D)$2&(*%#-3, "- 3*$*+: (*/)+>&2-/- +&&)$%-!('$), L)+!( P$2)1*%(, 3+&&+: &-"#-!-6%() &1# F)-% D)$2&(*%# (1831–1899). // Checkland O. Britain’s Encounter with Meiji Japan, 1868–1912. London, 1989, #. 276. 23 T), &#(!*$*+, !- Q#(*=++ + V$#3(*++, 2-'-#8$ '(26$ ,!),)+&7 -9W$2'(3+ !*+3('$)7*-/- +5.4$*+, ,"-*&2+0 %$)$/('-!, 3+&&+, "#-98)( /-#(5%- 9-)$$ 2-#-'2+$ &#-2+, ! "$#!-> – %!( 3$&,=(, !- !'-#-> – 4$'8#$ *$%$)+. 24 J$&&$3$#-!&2+> "#-=$&& – "#-=$&& "$#$%$)( 6+%2-/- 4./.*( ! )+'.: &'()7 ".'N3 "#-%.!2+ &2!-57 *$N &6('-/- !-5%.0(, -984*-/- ('3-&<$#*-/- +)+ -9-/(;N**-/- 2+&)-#-%-3. J$&&$3$#-!&2+> "#-=$&& 98) "#$%)-6$* (*/)+>&2+3 +5-9#$'('$)$3 V. J$&&$3$#-3 ! 1856 /. &!,5+ & #(&'.;+3+ "-'#$9*-&',3+ ! &'()+, !85!(**83+ #-&'-3 6$)$5*-%-#-6*-/- &'#-+'$)7&'!(, &.%-&'#-$*+, + 3(C+*-&'#-$*+,. 358 "#+!82 2 12&2.#&+,3 *( 5(!-%8, 4'- %(6$ *(4() !$&73( *$")-0- "-*+3('7 &-"#-!-6%(:;+$ +0 -9W,&*$*+,»25. S-6*- "#$%"-)-6+'7, 4'$&)+ %(6$ %()$2+> -' +*6$*$#*-/- %$)( F.31, "-).4+!C+> 2)(&&+4$&2-$ 2-*<.=+(*&2-$ -9#(5-!(*+$, &'() #(59+#('7&, ! &)-6*80 5(!-%&2+0 '$0*-)-/+,0, 4)$*8 3+&&++ "-&$'+)+ *$3()- "-%-9*80 <(9#+2. 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L&3-'# 9#+'(*&2+0 5(!-%-! + <(9#+2 "#+!$) ,"-*=$! 2 -%*-3. !(6*-3. !8!-%.: D*/)+, &.3$)( %-&'+47 !8&-2-/- .#-!*, "#-38C)$**-/- #(5!+'+, ! '$4$*+$ *$&2-)72+0 "-&)$%*+0 %$&,'+)$'+>, + /)(!*83 -9#(5-3 9)(/-%(#, +5-9#$'$*+: "(#-!-/- %!+/('$),. O("#+3$#, "$#!(, ! 3+#$ 6$)$5*(, %-#-/(, &!,5(!C(, G+!$#".)7 & S(*4$&'$#-3, 98)( -'2#8'( ! 1830 /. – 5( &-#-2 )$' %- "#+$5%( 3+&&++ @!(2.#( ! D*/)+:, ( "$#!(, 3$6%.*(#-%*(, !8&'(!2( (M2&"-), *( 2-'-#-> $!#-"$>&2+$ &'#(*8 "#$%&'(!+)+ &!-+ %-&'+6$*+, ! &<$#$ "#-38C)$**-/"#-+5!-%&'!(, 98)( "#-!$%$*( ! G-*%-*$ ! 1851 /. – 5( %!(%=('7 )$' %"#+$5%( 3+&&++. T#./+3+ &)-!(3+, ,"-*&2+$ "-&)(**+2+ "#+C)+ 2 !8!-%., 4'- A"-*+, -'&'()( -' &(3-> "$#$%-!-> %$#6(!8 X!#-"8 – $)+2-9#+'(*++, *$ *( %!$&'+ )$' (&#-2 ! '$4$*+$ 2-'-#-/-, A"-*+, "#+%$#6+!()(&7 "-)+'+2+ +5-),=++), ( !&$/- *( &-#-2, ( -' -&'()7*80 $!#-"$>&2+0 &'#(* + '-/- 3$*7C$. L&-5*(!, 4'- %-&'+6$*+$ .#-!*, #(5!+'+, 5("(%*80 &'#(* ,!),$'&, !"-)*$ !8"-)*+3-> 5(%(4$>, ,"-*=8 &- &!->&'!$**83 1'-> *(=++ #(=+-*()+53-3 "-"8'()+&7 !8,&*+'7, 4'- 6$ )$6+' ! -&*-!$ .&"$0( J#+'(*++. H$#!8> 1)$3$*' 9#+'(*&2-/- 3-/.;$&'!(, *( 2-'-#8> -*+ -9#('+)+ !*+3(*+$, 3-6*- 98)- 98 -9-5*(4+'7 &)-!(3+ – 5!"-( ) .-/01-". ——————————— 25 %#&' %#()*!"'. F.31 0(2.&+ 2:%5:*1* 2(>2-#-2., '. 2. &. 312, 383. 26 Cobbing A. Early Meiji Travel Encounters // The Iwakura Mission in America and Europe. Japan Library, 1998, &. 44. 27 %#&' %#()*!"'. F.31 0(2.&+ 2:%5:*1* 2(>2-#-2., '. 2, &. 309. 359 A"-*=8 "#+C)+ 2 !8!-%., 4'- .!(6+'$)7*-$ -'*-C$*+$ 2 5(2-*. + &'#$3)$*+$ 2 "-#,%2. ,!),$'&, 0(#(2'$#*-> -&-9$**-&'7: *(=+-*()7*-/0(#(2'$#( 9#+'(*=$!, *( *$3 -&*-!(*- !&$ /-&.%(#&'!$**-$ .&'#->&'!$)+2-9#+'(*++. B#(!*+!(, (*/)+>&2.: &+&'$3. /-&.%(#&'!$**-/."#(!)$*+, & 2+'(>&2-> + ,"-*&2->, F.31 "+&(): «?(2-*-%('$)7*8> -#/(* $)+2-9#+'(*++ – "(#)(3$*'. 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J)(/-%(#, (3$#+2(*&2-3. <+*(*&+&'. .4(&'+$ ! .2(5(**80 <+*(*&-!80 -"$#(=+,0 "#+*,)+ '(26$ /(39.#/&2+> 9(*2 #-%&'!$**-/- U+<<. S(2&( (#9.#/( (Max Moritz Warburg, 1867–1946) + O$3$=2--D5+('&2+> 9(*21. Y.&&2--,"-*&2(, !->*( -2(5()( -/#-3*-$ !)+,*+$ *( !&: &+&'$3. 3$6%.*(#-%*80 !5(+3-&!,5$>, ! #$5.)7'('$ 4$/- -'*-C$*+, A"-*++ & 3+#-!83+ <+*(*&-!83+ =$*'#(3+ %-)6*8 98)+ "#$'$#"$'7 *$3()8$ +53$*$*+,. B -%*-> &'-#-*8, 2#."*$>C+> ! 3+#$ "(#+6&2+> <+*(*&-!8> #8*-2 '(+) ! &$9$ -/#-3*8$ !-53-6*-&'+, + A"-*+, 6$)()( !- 4'98 '- *+ &'()- -'2#8'7 $/- %), &$9,. B %#./-> &'-#-*8, +5)+C*,, -#+$*'(=+, *( G-*%-* + -&-9$**- *( O7:-Z-#2 /#-5+)( A"-*++ "-'$#$> 4(&'+ &!-$> !*$C*$"-)+'+4$&2-> &(3-&'-,'$)7*-&'+ + 5*(4+'$)7*&.6+!()( !-53-6*-&'7 3(*$!#( &'#(*8 *( 3$6%.*(#-%*-> (#$*$. H-——————————— 1 B3. -9 1'-3: Smethurst R. J. From Foot Soldier to Finance Minister: Takahashi Korekiyo, Japan’s Keynes, Cambridge – London, 2007, p. 141–181; I(2(0(&+ F-#12+N %5+%1* (D!'-9+-/#(<+, I(2(0(&+ F-#12+N). I-2+-: , 1936, &. 657–740; Adler C., Jacob Schiff: His Life and Letters, New York:, 1929, Vol. I, p. 212–230; :!86#'8 ;. <=. O+0-* 21>%5(> '- /(>2-2. &+0-*, 1858–1939 (A"-*&2(, 12-*-3+2( + +*-&'#(**8> 2("+'(), 1858–1939), I-2+-, 2005, &. 111–114. ——————————— 44 I(3 6$, &. 54–56. 366 367