Е.В. Давиденко К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ПАТОГЕННЫХ

630.443
ȿ.ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɢɞɟɧɤɨ
Ʉ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɍ ɈȻ ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂɂ ɉȺɌɈȽȿɇɇɕɏ ȽɊɂȻɈȼ
ɋɈɋɇɈȼɕɏ ɇȺɋȺɀȾȿɇɂɃ ɘȽȺ ɍɄɊȺɂɇɕ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
,
(
1960-
.
),
.
-
,
(
,
),
,
,
-
[1, 2].
,
,
,
[1, 3, 4].
,
-
,
,
.
.
,
-
,
,
.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
(Pinus sylvestris L.)
Lamb.)
,
.
(
7
,
,
:
)
(
(
),
),
(
3
-
).
(P. pallasiana)
.
.
,
,
-
5
.
(Pinus sylvestris)
164
(P. pallasiana
2–6, 7–12
(
360
15–25
-
. .
,
,
.).
-
.
.
3–14
.
[2, 5, 6].
-
.
,
,
.
(
)
70°
.
,
13000
/
,
40
50
.
70 %
-
[1, 7–9].
,
.
,
Dothistroma pini
EFI-αDPtef-F (5` ATTTTTCGCTGCTCGTCACT 3`)
DPtef-R
(5` CAATGTGAGATGTTCGTCGTG 3`),
Dothistroma septosporum β-tubulin
Dstub2-F (5`CGAACATGGACTGAGCAAAAC 3`)
DStub2-R (5`
GCACGGCTCTTTCAAATGAC 3`) [9].
20
.
Applied
Biosystems GeneAmp PCR System 2700
.
95 °C
5
,
35
:
95 °C
30 ,
60 °
30 ,
72 °
30 .
72 °
7
[9].
1%
, SB
100 V
60
,
.
(
,
),
«
»(
,
).
(
,
)
FP 1102 DIAROD.
Excel 2007 Statistica 6.0.
P = 0,05.
COST
2011–2013
.
Microsoft
-
165
-
. 2014.
. 207
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
,
(
80 %
),
,
.
10
,
: Alternaria sp., Dothistroma sp., Fusarium
sp., Fusicoccum sp., Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) M. Morelet, Lophodermium
seditiosum Minter Staley, Phomopsis sp., Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B.
Sutton (
Diplodia pinea (Desm.) J. Kickx), Sclerophoma pithyophila
(Corda) Hohn, Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) Di Cosmo (
. 1).
S. pithyophila
S. sapinea
20,8 %,
14,2 %), Alternaria sp. (
10,6 % (
. 1).
G. abietina (
13,9 %),
,
-
– S. pithyophila,
.
,
,
-
,
[5, 6].
,
38,3 %
-
10,6 %
1
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɮɢɬɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɨɜ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɯɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɢ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɣ
,%
Alternaria sp.
Fusarium sp.
Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) M. Morelet
Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley
Phomopsis sp.
Sclerophoma pithyophila (Corda) Hohn.
Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton
22,5
11,7
37,5
3,3
5,8
10,0
4,2
1,7
2,5
4,2
0,0
0,0
30,0
10,0
17,5
3,3
0,8
10,0
0,0
22,5
17,5
Alternaria sp.
Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) Di Cosmo
Dothistroma pini Hulbary
Fusarium sp.
Fusicoccum sp.
Sclerophoma pithyophila (Corda) Hohn.
Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton
43,3
0,0
22,5
9,2
0,0
43,3
20,0
0,0
0,0
60,8
0,8
55,8
17,5
51,7
5,0
10,0
57,5
1,7
61,7
34,2
43,3
166
. .
– S. sapinea,
,
-
,
.
-
.
-
[7, 10, 11].
(
),
Gremmeniella abietina.
37,5 %
Fusarium
,
(4,2
Alternaria
,
0,8 %
).
-
.
,
.
,
.
,
Lophodermium seditiosum –
.
3,3 %
,
-
.
[1, 3, 4, 6].
Dothistroma sp. (46,9 %), Fusicoccum sp. (39,2 %), S. sapinea (38,3 %)
S. pithyophila (31,7 %) (
. 1).
,
-
-
,
,
.
,
.
, 1–3
Dothistroma sp.,
[2, 6, 8, 9, 12].
– Dothistroma septosporum (
(
).
,
,
,
-
.
Mycosphaerella pini)
Dothistroma pini
80
.
,
–
,
,
,
,
167
-
. 2014.
(
band needle blight).
–
. 207
, Dothistroma needle blight
red,
,
[2, 8, 9, 12].
100
[2, 12].
2005
,
-
[8, 9, 12].
-
,
D. pini. D. septosporum
ositive –
), negative –
,
(
. 1).
,
-
(
(
).
,
(55,8
,
61,7 %?
),
Fusicoccum sp. (
–
).
,
minus ( 10 %
Cyclaneusma
).
,
61
34 %
,
20
-
.
Dothistroma pini
,
.
S. sapinea
S. pithyophila
82,
-
Fusicoccum sp.
(
14 %
,
).
,
,
Dothistroma sp.,
,
D. pini
Ɋɢɫ. 1.
Dothistroma pini (
1%
168
)
Dothistroma septosporum (
)
. .
,
[6, 9, 11].
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ.
,
,
10
: Alternaria sp., D. pini., Fusarium sp., Fusicoccum sp., G. abietina,
L. seditiosum, Phomopsis sp. S. sapinea, S. pithyophila, C. minus c
.
,
G. abietina,
S. sapinea
– S. pithyophila.
S. pithyophila.
Fusicoccum sp.
.
, 86 %
,
.
D. pini,
D. pini.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.
(
. .,
«
2.
. .,
. 110. . 226–229
3.
. .,
Tour
є
. .
//
»). 2011. № 9. . 57–62.
. . Dothistroma septosporum –
//
. 2006.
. .
Pinus sylvestris L. P. sibirica Du
// :
. 3.
,
, 23–29
2011,
.
:
. 2011. . 38–39.
4.
. .
//
. 2009. . XXVI, № 1. . 105–109.
5.
. .,
. .
–
//
.
:
. 2006. . 42–59.
6. Singlair W.A., Lyon H.H. Diseases of trees and shrubs. N. Y.: Cornell
university Press, Sage House, 2005. 660 p.
7.
. ., є
. .
//
:
.
.
..
.
90. . .
. . .
. .:
. 2011. . 40–41.
8. Barnes I., Crous P.W., Wingfield B.D., Wingfield M.J. Multigene phylogenies reveal that red band needle blight of Pinus is caused by two distinct species of Dothistroma,
D. septosporum and D. pini. // Studies in Mycology, 2004, vol. 50, . 551–565.
9. Ioos R., Fabre B., Saurat C., Fourrier C., Frey P., Marçais B. Development,
comparison, and validation of real-time and conventional PCR tools for the detection
of the fungal pathogens causing brown spot and red band needle blights of pine.
Phytopathology, 2008, vol. 100, pp. 105–114.
10. є
. .,
. .,
. .
//
.
169
-
. 2014.
. 207
,
. . .
є (10–13
2012 .). . 1. .:
. 2012. .257–259
12. Burgess T., Wingfield M.J., Wingfield B.W. Simple sequence repeat markers
distinguish among morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea. // Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 2001, vol. 67, pp. 354–362.
11. Barnes I., Kirisits T., Akulov A.Yu., Chhetri D.B., Wingfield B.D., Bulgakov
T.S., Wingfield M.J. New host and country records of the Dothistroma needle blight
pathogens from Europe and Asia. // Forest Pathology. 2008, vol. 38, . 178–195.
Ⱦɚɜɢɞɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ȼ.
//
. 207. . 164–170.
2014.
sylvestris)
.
(P. pallasiana),
-
.
(Pinus
-
,
.
.
10
(Alternaria sp., Dothistroma sp., Fusarium sp., Fusicoccum sp.,
Gremmeniella abietina, Lophodermium seditiosum, Phomopsis sp. Sphaeropsis sapinea,
Sclerophoma pithyophila, Cyclaneusma minus)
.
:
, Sphaeropsis, Dothistroma, Cyclaneusma,
Fusicoccum,
.
Davydenko E.V. Fungal pathogens of pine plantations of south Ukraine. Izvestia
Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2014, is. 207, pp. 164–170 (in Russian
with English summary).
The aim of the study was to reveal the complex of fungal pathogens associated with
needle of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Crimean pine (P. pallasiana) in three regions
of south Ukraine. The samples of symptomatic needles in pine plantations were
collected. The material was used to identify the complex of fungal pathogens with
microscopic and PCR based methods. In total, 10 fungal pathogens have been identified
using microscopic and molecular methods for pine plantations of Zaporozhye,
Nikolayev, and Kherson regions. The following fungal pathogens Alternaria sp.,
Dothistroma sp., Fusarium sp., Fusicoccum sp., Gremmeniella abietina, Lophodermium
seditiosum, Phomopsis sp. Sphaeropsis sapinea, Sclerophoma pithyophila, Cyclaneusma
minus were detected with different frequencies.
K e y w o r d s : forest disease, Sphaeropsis, Dothistroma, Cyclaneusma, Fusicoccum,
pine plantations.
ȾȺȼɂȾȿɇɄɈ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ ȼɚɥɟɪɶɟɜɧɚ,
,
«
»
. . .
. SPIN- : 1289-8697. 61024,
.
, . 86, .
,
. -mail: davidenkoKV@mail.ru
DAVYDENKO Ekateryna V., PhD (Agriculture), Ukrainian honored with «Znak
Poshany» Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after
G.N. Vysotsky. SPIN- : 1289-8697. 61024. Pushkinska str. 86. Kharkov. Ukraine.
-mail: davidenkoKV@mail.ru
170