изучение кинетики и механизма фосфатазной реакции в

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1, 2007
Åñòåñòâåííûå íàó êè
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝ ɢɹ
ɍȾɄ 541.127+517.215+631.4
Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɉȺɊɋȺȾȺɇəɇ, Ɇ. Ƚ. ȽȿȼɈɊɄəɇ, ɇ. M. ȻȿɃɅȿɊəɇ, Ʉ. ȼ. ȽɊɂȽɈɊəɇ
ɂɁɍɑȿɇɂȿ ɄɂɇȿɌɂɄɂ ɂ Ɇ ȿɏȺɇɂɁɆȺ ɎɈɋɎȺɌȺɁɇɈɃ
ɊȿȺɄɐɂɂ ȼ ȼɕɓȿɅɈɑȿɇɇɈɆ ɑȿɊɇɈɁȿɆ ȿ
ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ (1,7 ˜10 –3–
0,7 Ɇ ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢx ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹx ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
(0,31 ˜10 –3 –0,14 Ɇ ) ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɷɬɢx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚx ɧɨɫɹɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ xɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢx ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ.
ȼɜɟ ɞɟ ɧɢɟ . Ɋɚɫɩɚɞ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɭɫɜɨɹɟɦɵx ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢx
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵx ɢɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬ-ɢɨɧɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɮɨɫɮɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵx ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚx ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɮɨɫɮɨɦɨɧɨɷɫɬɟɪɚɡɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɚɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵx ɩɨɱɜɚx, ɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ –
ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵx [1].
ɓɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɚ
ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ)
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɢɫɚ, ɚɰɢɥɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. ɉɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ. ɗɬɨ ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ [2, 3]:
H2 O
ROH
k1
k4
k2
k3
ROP . E
E P
E.P
E+ Pí ,
E +ROP
k -4
k-1
k-2
k-3
k-5
k5
R'OH
R'OP+ E
83
ɝɞɟ E – ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ, ROP – ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ, E–P – ɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ ( E PO3 ), E ˜ P – ɧɟɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ
Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɢɫɚ ɫ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɦ, ROH – ɫɩɢɪɬ ɢ Pí – ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɮɨɫɮɚɬ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɞɟɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ, R ' OH – ɫɩɢɪɬ-ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪ,
R ' OP – ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɢɪɬ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɭ ɫɟɪɢɧɚ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ [4],
ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ – ɤ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɭ ɝɢɫɬɢɞɢɧɚ [5].
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ Zn 2+-ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ (k3 ),
ɚ ɜ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ – ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ E ˜ P ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ (k4 ). ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ E P [2].
ɓɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ. ȿɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɬɟɫɬ-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɞɥɹ
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ [4].
ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [6] ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɫɬɢɰɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ: 1) ɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɭ, ɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤ H2 O2 . ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ E -ɢɧɞɨɤɫɢɮɨɫɮɚɬ, ɩɪɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ H2 O2 ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ;
2) ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɨɣ.
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢx ɪɚɛɨɬɚx ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵx ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ xɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵx ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɢxɚɷɥɢɫɚ–Ɇɟɧɬɟɧ [1], ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵx ɩɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɟɟ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ. Ɍ ɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞxɨɞ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɢxɚɷɥɢɫɚ–Ɇɟɧɬɟɧ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɟɟ
ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵx ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ
[7], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɟɦ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵx ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɡɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵx ɨ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɡɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ [8]. ȼ
[9] ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵ,
ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɩɨɱɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ.
84
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ
ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ
ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵx ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɡɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɪɟx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ (S):
ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ɩ-ɇɎɎNa), ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
(ɎɎɎNa) ɢ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ [10].
ɂɡ [11] ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɮɨɫɮɨɬɚɡɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ [12] ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡɵ ɪɢɛɨɧɭɤɥɟɨɬɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɞɟɪɧɨɜɨɩɨɞɡɨɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ.
Ɋɚɧɟɟ [13] ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɜ ɢɧɬɪɟɜɚɥɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
3,15 ˜10 –3 ”[S ]0 ”1,9 ˜10–2 M, ɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ [14–17], ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɜ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ [15], ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa
ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ (0,025 Ɇ”[S ]0 ”0,14 M), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ
Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ 300 C ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ (1,7 ˜10–3–0,7 Ɇ)
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ. Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ.
ɗɤɫɩɟ ɪɢɦɟ ɧɬɚɥɶ ɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ (0–20 ɫɦ) ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨ-ɫɭɯɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɫɟɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɬɨ
ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ 0,25 ɦɦ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚ Ⱥɪɚɝɚɰɨɬɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɝɭɦɭɫ 9,2 %, ɪɇ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ 6,6, ɫɭɦɦɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ
52,7 ɦɝɷɤɜ ɧɚ 100 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜ [10] ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ
ɩ-ɇɎɎNa (IS ) ɢ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ (IIS ) ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɤɭ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IS ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥɚ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IIS – ɮɨɫɮɚɬ-ɢɨɧɚ.
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɭ ɩɨɱɜɵ 1 ɝ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɥɢ 1 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IS )
ɢɥɢ 0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɥɢ 1 ɦɥ ɦɨɧɨɷɬɚɧɨɥɚɦɢɧɨ-ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ (ɆɗȺ-ɍɄ)
ɛɭɮɟɪɚ ɫ pH 8,6 (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IIS), ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ r0,050 C,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɱɢɬɚɹ
ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɫɨxɪɚɧɹɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ: ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IS – 1 ɝ :3 ɦɥ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IIS –
0,5ɝ : 1,5 ɦɥ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ, ɜ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɥɢ 22 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ (IS ) ɢɥɢ 25 ɦɥ
ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ Ɍ ɪɭɨɝɚ (IIS). ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IS ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɸ ɜɡɛɚɥɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɢ, ɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IIS ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ
ɨɬɳɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɟ ɩɪɢ
85
500 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤ
ɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɤɚɩɥɹɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɚɥɸɦɨɤɚɥɢɟɜɵx ɤɜɚɫɰɨɜ. ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IS ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ – ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥ – ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢ
1 N ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NaOH, ɞɨɜɨɞɹ pH ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨ 8,6. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ IIS ɮɨɫɮɨɪ ɜ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ Ɍ ɪɭɨɝɭ–Ɇɟɣɟɪɭ [10]. Ɉɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɵ I ɢ II
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ O=450 ɢ 650 ɧɦ . Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ 5%, ɭɫɪɟɞɧɹɥɢ.
ɂɡ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (D=f(t)) ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥɚ (IS) ɢɥɢ Na2 HPO4 (IIS) ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 1 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɢ ɧɚ 0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ
ɞɥɹ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ. Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ (ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥɚ ɢ Na2 HPO4) ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚɦ [10], ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢx ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟ ɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɜ ɩɨɥɭɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚx ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵx ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɜɭx ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵx ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ – ɩ-ɇɎɎNa (ɚ) ɢ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ (ɛ)– ɨɬ
ɢx ɢɫxɨɞɧɵx ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢx
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹx IS ([S ]0 d0,019 Ɇ), ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ [13].
V 0˜10 4 ɦɨɥ ɶ/ɥ ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 1 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ
0,6
V 0˜10 4 ɦɨɥ ɶ/ɥ ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ
2
0,5
1
0,4
4+lg[S ]0
0
0,5
1,0
1, 5
a
2,0
2,5
3, 0
3, 5
4+lg[S ]0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0, 3
0, 4
0, 5
0, 6
0,7
0,8
ɛ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵx ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
(ɚ) ɩɪɢ 24,7 0C ɢ Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ (ɛ) ɩɪɢ 30 0C ɨɬ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɚ ɢx ɢɫxɨɞɧɵx ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡ
ɨɛɨɢx ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟxɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵx ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚx [11], ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɎɎɎNa [14], ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɦ [15, 16] ɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨɦ [17] ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚɯ.
ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵx ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵx
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ: ɞɥɹ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa [S ]ɨɩɬ=0,017 M, a ɞɥɹ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ
[S ]ɨɩɬ=0,27 M.
86
ɋɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɢɜɵx ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ [S]ɨɩɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ,
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ES (ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɭ) ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ES2 , ɬ.ɟ. ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ
ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ (n=1). ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢ [S ]0 >>[E]0 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɫɯɟɦɨɣ [18]:
k1
k2
ES
E+ S
E+ P .
k-1
+S
KS'
ES2
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɢɫɚ (Km), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ [S ]2ɨɩɬ
ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ:
Vm ˜[S ]0
,
(1)
V0
[S ]20
K m [S ]0 K Sc
ɝɞɟ
k 1 k1
;
(2)
k1
[S ]2î ï ò K S' K m .
(3)
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (1) ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭx ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵx ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ:
ɩɪɢ [S ]0<[S ]ɨɩɬ ɢ [S ]0>[S ]ɨɩɬ .
Vm
k2 > E @ 0 ,
Km
1/V 0˜010 –4
1/V 0˜10 –4
2,5
1, 6
1, 4
2,0
1, 2
1,5
1, 0
0, 8
1,0
0, 6
0, 4
0,5
0, 2
1/[S ]0˜10
0, 0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
–3
3,5
1
1/[S ]0˜10 –3
0,0
2
4
6
8
ɚ
ɛ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ʌɢɧɟɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɞɚɧɧɵx ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ
ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ɚ) ɩɪɢ 24,7 0C ɢ Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ (ɛ) ɩɪɢ 30 0C ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹx ɧɟɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɛɵɬɤɨɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ([S ]0<[S ]ɨɩɬ ).
ɉɪɢ [S ]0<[S ]ɨɩɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (1) ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɢɫɚ–
Ɇɟɧɬɟɧ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɯ
ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ. ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɚ ɢ ɛ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ:
87
x ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa Vm =2,38 ˜10 -4 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 1 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɚ K m =
=0,83 ɦɆ;
x ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ Vm =9,1˜10 -5ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ,
ɚ K m =0,17 Ɇ.
ɉɪɢ [S ]0>[S]ɨɩɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (1) ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
Vm ˜ K Sc
1
1
S0
ɢɥɢ
,
(4)
V0
V0 Vm Vm ˜ K Sc
K Sc S0
ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ (4) (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3, ɚ ɢ ɛ). ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Vm , K S' ɢ K m ɩɪɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ:
x ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa Vm = 2,5˜10 -4ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 1 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ K S' =0,37 Ɇ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ (3) ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ K S' , ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ K m =
=0,78 ɦɆ;
x ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Na-E-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ Vm =9,1 ˜10 -5ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ɦɢɧ ɧɚ 0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ,
K S' =0,43 M ɢ K m =0,17 Ɇ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɢx ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ2 ,5
2,5
ɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ
1/V 0˜10 –4
ɎɎɎNa [14], ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ
á
ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɞɜɟ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɟ
2 ,0
2,0
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ʉɢɧɟ1 ,5
1,5
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɎɎɎNa S -ɨɛ1 ,0
1,0
ɪɚɡɧɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚx
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶà
ɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨ0 ,5
0,5
ɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ [18].
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜ
[S ]0, M
0 ,0
0,0
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɮɨɫɮɚ0 ,1
0 ,2
0 ,3
0 ,4
0 ,5
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʌɢɧɟɚɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɞɚɧɧɵx ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ɚ) ɩɪɢ 24,7 0C ɢ Na- ɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɚ ɬɪɟx ɫɭɛE-ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ (ɛ) ɩɪɢ 30 0C ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹx ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ- ɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɨɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ([S ]0>[S ]ɨɩɬ ).
ɥɢɱɧɵx pH ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ [13]
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵx ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɨɬ pH
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵx ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ pH 7 ɢ 7,5 ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ pH ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ
pH ɨɬ 6,6 ɞɨ 8 ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɩ-ɇɎɎNa ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ 1,05
ɪɚɡ, ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢx ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚx ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɷɬɢx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ pH ɫɪɟɞɵ.
88
ɋɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɢɯɚɷɥɢɫɚ–Ɇɟɧɬɟɧ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɟɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ([S ]0<[S]ɨɩɬ) ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɤɨɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ
([S]0>[S ]ɨɩɬ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ) ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɯ [11], ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɜɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ [12]. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢx
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵx ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ [14–17], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚx, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (Vm , K m ),
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ( K S' ) ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ [S ]ɨɩɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢx ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ.
Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɬɪɟx
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵx ɮɨɫɮɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ (ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Vm ɢ Km r 5%)
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɥɢɧɟɚɪɢɡɚ
-ɰɢɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (1)
[S] 0 <[S]ɨ ɩɬ
[S] 0 >[S]ɨ ɩɬ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟ ɬɪ
Vm,
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ ɦɢɧ
Km, ɦɆ
Vm,
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ˜ ɦɢɧ
Km, ɦɆ
n
[S] ɨ ɩɬ, Ɇ
K 'S , M
t r0,05 C
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭ ɪɧɵɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ
0
ɋɭɛɫɬɪɚ ɬɵ, ɨ ɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɚɡ
Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɎɎɎ Na,
ɩ-ɇɎɎ Na,
ɮɨɫɮɚɬ,
0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ:1,5 ɦɥ S,
1 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ:3 ɦɥ S,
0,5 ɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ:1,5 ɦɥ S,
ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧ. ɛɭɮɟɪ,
pH 6,6
ɛɭɮɟɪ ɆɗȺ–ɭɤɫɭɫ.
ɪɇ 8,6
ɤ-ɬɚ, ɪɇ 8
2,38˜ 10
-4
9,1˜ 10
-5
3,1˜ 10
-6
0,83
-4
2,5˜ 10
170
-5
9,1˜ 10
2
-6
3,0˜ 10
0,78
1
0,017
0,37
170
1
0,27
0,43
1,9
1
0,0095
0,046
24,7
[13 ɢ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ]
30
[ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ]
30
[14]
ɂɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵx ɞɚɧɧɵx ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ [S ]ɨɩɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ K m ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɟ ɞɪɭɝɢx ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ Na-E -ɝɥɢɰɟɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ PO34 -ɢɨɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɨ ɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɟɦɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɜɭx ɞɪɭɝɢx ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩ-ɧɢɬɪɨɮɟɧɨɥ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɮɟɧɨɥɮɬɚɥɟɢɧ [19].
Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɷɤɨɥ ɨɝɢɢ,
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɨɣ xɢɦɢɢ
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɚ 21.04.2006
89
Ʌ ɂ Ɍȿ Ɋ Ⱥ Ɍ ɍɊ Ⱥ
1. Eivazi F., Tabatabai M.A. – Soil Biol. and Biochem., 1977, v. 9, p. 167–172.
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ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ: Ɍɟɡ. ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ V ɞɟɥɟɝɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɴɟɡɞɚ ȼɈɉ. Ɇɢɧɫɤ, 1977, ɫ. 250.
9. ɑɭɦɚɱɟɧɤɨ ɂ.ɇ., əɧɢɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɏ.ȼ . – Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ « ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨɱɜ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɜ ɚɝɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ» . Ⱥɝɪɨɯɢɦɢɹ, 1999, ʋ 1, ɫ. 94–96.
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18. Ʉɟɥ ɟɬɢ Ɍ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɇ., 1990, 398 ɫ.
19. Ƚɟɜɨɪɤɹɧ Ɇ.Ƚ. – ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ȿȽɍ, 1994, ʋ 2, ɫ. 80–87.
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黳ÏóÇáÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ëáñμóÇáÝ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
G. A. PARSADANYAN, M. G. GEVORGYAN, N. M. BEYLERIAN, K. V. GRIGORYAN,
STUDY OF KINETICS AND M ECHANISM OF PHOSPHATASE
REACTION IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM (BLACK SOIL)
S u m m a ry
In a wide interval of Na-E-glicerophosphate concentration, as well as at high
concentrations of sodium p-nitrophenylphosphate the kinetics and mechanism of
phosphatase reaction in leached chernozem has been investigated. It is shown, that
the hydrolysis of these substrates, as well as of the earlier studied sodium
phenolphthalein obeys the mechanism of substrate inhibition. On the basis of the
analysis of kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the investigated process it is
shown, that the differences in these systems have only quantitative character,
conditioned by various reactivity, as well as sorption ability of investigated
substrates and products of hydrolysis.
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