Титова Е.Ю. Английский язык в сфере

Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Уральский государственный технический университет – УПИ
имени первого Президента России Б.Н.Ельцина»
Нижнетагильский технологический институт (филиал)
Е. Ю. Титова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
в сфере международного туризма
учебное пособие
Рекомендовано методическим советом
Нижнетагильского технологического института (филиал) УГТУ-УПИ
имени первого Президента России Б.Н.Ельцина
в качестве учебного пособия
для студентов факультета экономики и менеджмента
всех форм обучения
Нижний Тагил
2010
УДК УИ(англ)(075.8)
ББК 31
Т45
Рецензенты:
доц. каф. английского и французского языков НТГСПА, канд. пед. наук
М. В. Синицына;
доц. каф. немецкого языка НТГСПА, канд. пед. наук
А.В. Чибук
Научый редактор: канд. экон. наук, доц. М. М. Щербинин
Титова Е. Ю.
Английский язык в сфере международного туризма: учебное пособие / Е. Ю.
Т45
Титова ; Федер. агентство по образованию, ГОУ ВПО «Нижнетагильский технологический
институт (филиал) УГТУ-УПИ имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина» –
Нижний Тагил, 2009. – 180 с.
Пособие предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов
факультета экономики и менеджмента, а также будущих специалистов гуманитарного и
технического профилей,
Цель пособия – формирование коммуникативных умений на английском языке в
пределах представленной тематики с помощью и на основе информационных текстов
туристического и страноведческого характера
.
УДК УИ(англ)(075.8)
ББК 31
Ответственный за иностранный текст С. В. Полуяхтова
Учебное издание
Елена Юрьевна ТИТОВА
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО
ТУРИЗМА
Учебное пособие
Редактор А. В. Пелевина
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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Редакционно-издательский отдел
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Уральский государственный технический университет – УПИ
имени первого Президента России Б.Н.Ельцина»
Нижнетагильский технологический институт (филиал)
622031, Нижний Тагил, ул. Красногвардейская, 59
Отпечатано в РИО НТИ (ф) УГТУ-УПИ
© Титова Е. Ю, 2010
2
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
С вхождением России в мировое экономическое и культурное пространство
обычными стали деловые и туристические поездки за рубеж представителей
различных социальных и возрастных групп. Появились реальные условия для
получения образования и работы за рубежом, для продвижения российских
товаров и услуг на мировом рынке, для обмена студентами и специалистами.
Успешные и эффективные контакты с представителями других культур
невозможны без практических навыков социокультурного общения. Сегодня для
представителей различных стран наиболее «объединяющим» является английский
язык, получивший статус официального языка международного общения.
Так как все большее количество наших соотечественников предпочитают
отдых за рубежом, перед отечественной системой образования встает задача
подготовки россиян к культурному, профессиональному и личному общению с
представителями стран с иным
общественным устройством, традициями и
языковой культурой.
Не секрет, что выпускники неязыковых вузов во время деловых и
туристических поездок за границу испытывают значительные трудности в
общении и оформлении документов на иностранном языке.
Перед вами учебное пособие, предназначенное для самой широкой
аудитории
людей,
владеющих
основами
английского
языка:
студентов,
специалистов, занятых в различных сферах бизнеса, которым приходится
выезжать за рубеж и много путешествовать, а также для всех, желающих повысить
уровень практических навыков владения английским языком как средством
устного и письменного общения в сфере туризма.
В процессе работы с настоящим пособием преследуется следующая цель:
значительно
расширить
словарный
специальным
набором
выражений,
запас
соответствующей
успешно
овладеть
лексикой
и
грамматическими
структурами, необходимыми для общения в реальных жизненных ситуациях и
охватить значительное количество тем, связанных с международным туризмом.
3
Для достижения цели ставятся задачи: систематизировать полученные ранее
знания в области английского языка; развить социальную компетентность;
показать значение английского языка в диалоге культур; воспитывать грамотного
туриста.
Учебное пособие состоит из четырех юнитов и приложения, в которое вошли
краткий путеводитель по европейским странам, раздел контрольных работ и
глоссарий. Краткий путеводитель по странам Европы знакомит с центрами
международного туризма и современной социальной и культурной европейской
действительностью.
Задания
к
небольшим,
но
информативным
текстам
направлены на совершенствование практических навыков владения речевой
деятельностью (чтение, понимание, перевод, говорение, письмо). Тексты являются
разножанровами и подобраны из различных источников (художественная
литература, пресса, учебники, справочники) Таким образом, пособие является
одновременно учебным, справочным, страноведческим изданием.
Учебный материал в пособии организован с опорой на следующие методические
принципы: принцип повторяемости лексических единиц; принцип актуализации
ранее
изученного
материала
в
коммуникативных
актах
тематической
направленности (туризм); принцип творческого отношения к учебному материалу;
принцип экономности введения языкового материала. Перечисленные принципы
позволяют организовать все элементы пособия в плане их полезности,
посильности и соответствия цели обучения.
Тех, кто в силу личных или производственных интересов выезжает за границу или
собирается это делать в будущем, становится все больше. Это бизнесмены,
политические деятели, технические специалисты, представители различных
фондов, организаций, фирм, туристических агентств, административных служб,
научные работники, студенты и школьники, и просто туристы разных финансовых
возможностей. Если вы среди этих людей и интересуйтесь представленной
тематикой, я надеюсь, вы найдете материалы настоящего издания полезными и
увлекательными.
Успехов вам, Е.Ю. Титова.
4
OГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Предисловие ....................................................................................................... 5
UNIT ONE. Tourism and Tourists....................................................................... 6
UNIT TWO. Tourist Industry ............................................................................ 41
UNIT THREE. Holiday Activities ..................................................................... 58
UNIT FOUR. Countries .................................................................................... 79
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
Brief Guide Around European Countries.......................................................... 144
Test Section ....................................................................................................... 166
Glossary ............................................................................................................. 173
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК ........................................................... 149
5
UNIT ONE. TOURISM AND TOURISTS
Introduction
Tourism gives work to millions of people, and some people believe that it is the
biggest industry in the world today. But what is tourism? And how is it different from
other kinds of travel?
Tourists travel ro places away from home and stay there for a short time - a week
or two, perhaps. They travel because they want to do business, or to visit friends or
family, or to have a holiday. All three kinds of travel are part of tourism. But in the
modern world, holidays are the most important kind of tourism.
The tourist industry gives tourists everything that they want and need during their
visits: hotels, restaurants, airports, theatres, etc. When tourists visit places in their own
country, this is called domestic tourism. When they visit other countries, this is
international tourism.
Tourism is a very important business for many countries, and it is getting bigger all
the time. In 2008, 676 billion dollars came from international tourism, and there were
898 million international visits - 80 million more than in 1999. The most popular
countries in 2006 were France (75 million visitors), the United States (53 million), and
Spain (49 million).
A SHORT HISTORY OF TOURISM
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. What do you know about the
history of tourism in Russia?
6
Tourism probably started in Roman times. Rich Romans wanted to visit friends
and family who were working in another part of the Roman world. The Romans built
roads (at first these roads were for the army), and travellers stayed in small hotels next to
these roads. But when the Roman Empire ended, this kind of tourism stopped.
In the early seventeenth century, the idea of the „Grand Tour‟ started. Rich young
English people went across the English Channel to France, and then visited the most
beautiful and important European cities of the time. The tour lasted for two to four years,
and the tourists stayed a few weeks or months in each city. They usually visited Paris,
Rome, Venice and Florence; sometimes they visited cities in Spain, Portugal and
Germany, too. The „Grand Tour‟ was an important part of education – but only for the
very rich.
In the eighteenth century, tourism began to change. For example, people started to
visit towns like Bath in the UK to „take the waters‟. They believed that drinking the water
in these towns was good for them. Large, expensive hotels were built in these towns.
In the nineteenth century, travel became much easier and faster. When the first
railways were built in the 1820s and 1830s, it was easier for people to travel between
towns, so they started to go for holidays in towns by the sea. They also started to have
holidays in the countryside, because cities became larger, noisier and dirtier! Travelling
by sea became faster and safer when the first steamships were built, so people began to
travel to more distant countries.
During the twentieth century there was more and more tourism. People started to
have more money and more time. Until 1908, workers did not usually have holidays from
work. But by 1951, 66 per cent of British workers had two weeks‟ holiday a year. And by
2000, 94 per cent of workers had four weeks‟ holiday a year.
Travel continued to become cheaper and easier during the twentieth century. More
people had cars. Planes became larger and could carry more people, so plane tickets
became cheaper.
In 1949, Vladimir Raitz started a company called Horizon Holidays, and the
package holiday was born. With a package holiday, the company puts everything
together – a plane ticket, a hotel room, even food – and the tourist pays for it all before
7
she or he leaves home. In the 1960s, many other companies started to sell package
holidays from the UK to Spain (especially the Balearic Islands), Greece and Italy. The
modern tourist industry was beginning.
TOURISM – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. Make a two-column table and
fill it in with the information on advantages and disadvantages of tourism. Add your own
points
if
there
are
any.
Most countries in the world want more tourists to visit their towns and tourist
attractions. This is because there are a lot of advantages to tourism.
Firstly, tourism brings jobs. In the European Union, for example, 22.1 million jobs are
because of tourism.
Tourism brings money, too. Tourists go shopping, and they spend money in hotels
and restaurants. Sometimes there is a special tax - money that you pay the government - just
for tourists. In some Caribbean countries, the tourist industry is more than 20 per cent of the
economy.
Tourists also need facilities - hotels, restaurants, shops, theatres and cinemas. They
need roads, railways and buses. All of these things help local businesses, and local people
can use the facilities, too. Sometimes a tourist attraction ends after a short time but the
facilities are there for years: this is true for Sydney, Australia, home of the Olympic Games
in 2000.
Some people think that tourism can be good for the environment. Governments often
make beautiful parts of the country into national parks. Businesses can't build new houses or
offices in national parks, so they stay beautiful!
But other people think that tourism is bad for the environment. The biggest problem is
the number of visitors. The visitors arrive in a beautiful place by car, boat or plane; the cars,
boats and planes bring pollution (they make the air and water dirty). The visitors also bring
rubbish - bags, bottles and paper. And millions of tourist feet, walking on the same land or
through the same buildings year after year, bring a new problem - erosion.
Often, the facilities that a country needs for tourists are not good for the people who
8
live there. For example, between 1989 and 1994, companies built 160 golf courses in
Thailand. The golf courses use a lot of water; at the same time, local people do not always
have water for their farms.
Sometimes, the advantages of tourism are not as big as people think. Tourists spend a
lot of money when they visit a country, but they need facilities, and often the facilities cost
that country a lot, too. The tourist resorts need to spend some of the money they get from
tourists outside the country. This is called 'leakage', and leakage does not help local
businesses or people. In poorer countries, leakage can be 90 per cent of the money that
tourists spend! In many countries, tourists on all-inclusive holidays do not spend any money
when they are there, and the tourist companies bring in most of the food and workers from
other countries. The country does not get much money from this type of holiday at all! So
now, Gambia in West Africa has stopped all-inclusive holidays. Governments from different
countries are now working together to fight the problems of pollution, erosion, leakage, and
other disadvantages. Tourist companies from richer countries have to make less money
today to protect the tourist attractions and environments of tomorrow.
Assignment: Look at the figures on inbound and outbound business travel to and from
the UK. Write a paragraph for a report outlining the given information. Do you think the
figures would be different for your country? How could you find out? What do business
travellers do when they come to your country, for example, meetings, conferences?
INBOUND
%
Business travel as % of all
26.7%
travel to UK
Region of origin:
North America
13.1%
EU Europe
67.4%
Non-EU Europe
5.9%
Rest of World
13.6%
OUTBOUND
%
9
Business travel as % of all
15.8%
travel from UK
Region visited:
North America
9.6%
EU Europe
73.2%
Non-EU Europe
9.0%
Rest of world
8.2%
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. Explain in your own words the
meaning of the underlined words.
INSIDE TOURISM: MASS TOURISM – NICHE TOURISM
Mass tourism has grown at a remarkable pace in the last fifty years - more
leisure time, more tourists, more resorts, bigger hotel complexes, more attractions
able to take huge numbers of visitors, larger aircraft, many more flights. But in
contrast to this, as people have travelled more, the need to experience something
different, something special, something tailored to the specific needs and interests of
individuals and groups of individuals, has also grown. The result is 'niche tourism':
tour operators have realized there is a market for the specialist tourist, and it is a
market that often spends more than the 'package-holiday' tourist. This market is
perhaps the fastest-growing market in the tourism industry.
Niche tourism has a thousand different faces - holidays for senior citizens,
tours for the disabled, gastronomic holidays, tours geared towards the gay
community, photographic holidays, 'dark' tourism (visiting places with sinister and
macabre histories), and many more. The chart below lists some of the niches.
Assignment: Answer the following questions sharing your own experience in
travelling.
1.
Are you positive about travelling?
2.
Are you adventurous?
10
3.
Have you got an experience in travelling?
4.
How well do you know geography? Have you ever been interested in it?
5.
When and where was your first trip?
6.
What is the most memorable trip you have got? What makes it be that?
7.
Would you rather travel around Russia or foreign lands? Why?
8.
What country (ies) is (are) your dream to visit? Why?
9.
Write as many names of the countries and their capitals as you can
remember.
Assignment: a. Read the following meanings of the word “tourism” and make
up sentences of your own illustrating the difference in the meaning. b. Read the word
combinations below, translate them and make up sentences of your own as well. c.
Translate the short text from Russian into English.
a. TOURISM: part of economy (industry); somebody‟s business; somebody‟s
job; a kind of active rest.
b. Tourism, tourist, tourist base, tourist industry, international tourism, tourist
business, tourist season, tourist trap, tourist-class passenger, touristy, tour, tourist
agency, to conduct a tour, to organize a tour, to go on a tour, to be on a tour, to make
a tour, to plan a tour.
c. Туризм – путешествие в свободное время, один из видов активного
отдыха.
Туризм
распространѐн
в
большинстве
стран
мира.
Туризм
осуществляется туристскими организациями по туристским маршрутам. Виды
и формы туризма: внутренний и международный, самодеятельный и
организованный, ближний и дальний, познавательный, водный, горный,
автомобильный, пешеходный, спортивный и др. В 1975 г. была основана
Всемирная туристская организация, которая объединяет около 150 стран.
A BIG AND PROMISING BUSINESS
Assignment: Read and translate the text. Prove that tourism is a big and
promising business.
Tourism is one of the biggest businesses in the world. There are nearly 800
million international tourist arrivals every year. It employs, directly or indirectly, one
11
in fifteen of all workers worldwide, from A to Z, from airport cleaners to zookeepers,
and includes bar staff, flight attendants, tour guides, and resort receptonists. It is a
huge part of the economy of many countries - in countries such as the Bahamas, over
60% of the economy is based on tourism.
Tourism is a fast-growing business. When Thomas Cook organized his first
excursion from Leicester to Loughborough in 1841, he probably didn't know what he
was starting. Key developments in the last 150 years or so have led to the rise of mass
tourism. There have been technological developments in transport, in particular the
appearance of air travel and charter flights. There have been changes in working
practices, with workers getting paid holiday time and working shorter and more
flexible hours.
In recent years we have seen growth of the Internet and globalization, making
the world seem a smaller but very fascinating place. The tourist industry grows faster
and faster each year. In 1950, there were just a few million international tourist
arrivals. In 2004, the figure was 760 million, and by 2020 it is predicted to be 1.6
billion.
But what are the challenges today? The tourism industry is affected by many
different things: international events, economic change, changes in fashion. New
concerns and worries appear every year, for example as people become more worried
about security and international terrorism, or as the value of their currency changes.
But new destinations and new sources of tourists also seem to emerge every year.
Tourism survives. It is a powerful and sometimes dangerous force in the
modern world. Tourism creates many good jobs and careers, but it also produces
many poor and badly paid jobs. Tourism can help to protect environments and animal
life, it can also damage them. Tourism can save cultures and the local way of life, but
it can also destroy them. Tourism can change countries - and people for the better, but
it can also change them for the worse.
Tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world. It is perhaps also the most
important.
OLD AND NEW TOURISM
Assignment: Read and thanslate the text. Speak about the development,
challenges and new tendencies in the sphere of tourism.
12
In the 1980-s and early 1990-s, when Africans first realized that tourism could
be a way out of their poverty, they built very large concrete hotels on the beaches of
Kenya, South Africa, and other countries.
For a time the charter flights poured in from Germany and Italy. The tourists
hoped to see lions, but also wanted to lie by the pool and to eat food from their own
country and enjoy the other comforts of home. The revenue from tourism rose
sharply, but most of it went to international tour operators.
That was then. Fortunately, a new kind of travel is now in fashion. Today‟s
tourists are leaving the high-rise hotels and European comforts. Instead they are
looking for more authentic experiences. On the wild coast of South Africa, young
tourists ride horses on unspoilt beaches and make their way though hills of
subtropical vegetation. In the evening they sit round the fire and eat a traditional
Xhosa meal of meat and vegetables; they listen to the local Xhosa people tell folk
stories, before going to bed in simple tents and lodges. The experience is not offered
by an international tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves. The Xhosa tour guides
are paid two and a half times the average rate of pay.
The change from „old tourism‟ to „new tourism‟ did not happen suddenly.
Interest in the traditional two week sun and sea package holiday fell gradually
towards the end of the last century. Individual tailor-made or independent holidays –
such as fly-drive – have steadily become more popular. Nowadays people are taking
shorter yet more diverse holidays. Long-haul flights are increasing and are making
faraway places easier to get to. More and more tourists are looking for adventure,
activity, and authenticity. Adventure travel, ecotourism, cultural tours, and sports
vacations are taking people to more exotic destinations: China, the Maldives,
Botswana, Vanuatu.
HOW TO AVOID TRAVELLING
by George Mikes
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. What are the aims of
travelling? Why would anyone avoid travelling?
“Travel” is the name of a modern disease which became rampant in the midfifties of the twentieth century and is still spreading. The disease – its scientific name
is travelitis furiosus - is carried by a germ called prosperity. Its symptoms are easily
13
recognizable. The patient grows restless in the early spring and starts rushing about
from one travel agent to another collecting useless information about places he does
not intend to visit; then he, or usually she, will do a round of tailors, summer sales,
sports shops and spend three and a half times as much as he or she can afford; finally,
in August, the patient will board a plane, train, coach or car and proceed to foreign
parts along with thousands of fellow-sufferers not because he is interested in or
attracted by the place he is bound for, nor because he can afford to go, but simply
because he cannot afford not to. The disease is highly infectious. Nowadays you
catch foreign travel rather as you caught influenza in the twenties of the twentieth,
only more so.
The result is that in the summer months (and in the last few years also during
the winter season) everybody is on the move. In Positano you hear no Italian but only
German (for England is not the only victim of the disease); in some French parts you
cannot get along unless you speak American; and the official language of the Costa
Bravo is English.
What is the aim of all this travelling? Each nationality as its own different one.
The Americans want to take photographs of themselves in: (a) Trafalgar Square with
the pigeons; (b) in St Mark's Square, Venice, with the pigeons; and (c) in front of the
Arc de Triomphe, in Paris, without pigeons. The idea is simply to collect
documentary proof that they have been there. The German travels to check up on his
guide-books: when he sees that the Ponte di Rialto is really at its proper venue, that
the Leaning Tower is in its appointed place in Pisa and is leaning at the promised
angle - he ticks these things off in his guide-book and returns home with the
gratifying feeling that he has not been swindled. But why do the English travel?
First, because their neighbour does and they have caught the bug from him.
Secondly, they used to be taught that travel broadens the mind and although they
have by now discovered the sad truth that whatever travel may do to the mind, Swiss
or German food certainly broadens other parts of the body, the old notion still lingers
on. But lastly - and perhaps mainly - they travel to avoid foreigners. Here, in our
cosmopolitan England, one is always exposed to the danger of meeting all sorts of
peculiar aliens. Not so on one's journeys in Europe, if one manages things
intelligently. I know many English people who travel in groups, stay in hotels where
14
even the staff is English, eat roast beef and Yorkshire pudding on Sundays and Welsh
rarebit and steak-and-kidney pudding on weekdays, all over Europe. The main aim of
the Englishman abroad is to meet people; I mean, of course, nice English people from
next door or from the next street. Normally one avoids one's neighbour ('It is best to
keep yourself to yourself, 'We leave others alone and want to be left alone', etc., etc.).
If you meet your next door neighbour in the High Street or at your front door you
pretend not to see him or, at best, nod coolly; but if you meet him in Capri or
Granada, you embrace him fondly and stand him a drink or two; and you may even
discover that he is quite a nice chap after all and both of you might just as well have
stayed at home in Chipping Norton.
All this, however, refers to travelling for the general public. If you want to
avoid giving the unfortunate impression that you belong to the lower-middle class,
you must learn the elementary snobbery of travelling:
1) Avoid any place frequented by others. Declare: all the hotels are full, one
cannot get in anywhere. (No one will ever remark: hotels are full of people who
actually managed to get in.)
2) Carry this a stage further and try to avoid all places interesting enough to
attract other people - or, as others prefer to put it - you must get off the beaten track.
In practice this means that in Italy you avoid Venice and Florence but visit a few
filthy and poverty-stricken fishing villages no one has ever heard of; and if your
misfortune does take you to Florence, you avoid the Uffizi Gallery and refuse to look
at Michelangelo's David. You visit, instead, a dirty little pub on the outskirts where
Tuscan food is supposed to be divine and where you can listen to a drunken and deaf
accordion player.
3) The main problem is, of course, where to go? This is not an easy question.
The hoi polloi may go to Paris or Spain, but such an obvious choice will certainly not
do for anyone with a little self-respect. There is a small international set that leads the
fashion and you must watch them. Some years ago they discovered Capri, but now
Capri is teeming with rich German and English businessmen, so you can't go near the
place. Majorca was next on the list, but Majorca has become quite ridiculous in the
last few years: it is now an odd mixture of Munich and Oxford Street, and has nothing to offer (because, needless to say, beauty and sunshine do not count). At the
15
moment I may recommend Tangier; Rhodes is fairly safe too. The year after that,
who knows, Capri may be tried again.
Remember: travel is supposed to make you sophisticated. When buying your
souvenirs and later when most casually - you really must practise how to be casual you refer to any foreign food, you should speak of these things in the vernacular.
Even fried chicken sounds rather romantic when you speak of Backhendl.
It is possible, however, that the mania for travelling is declining. I wonder if a
Roman friend of mine was simply an eccentric or the forerunner of a new era in
snobbery.
'I no longer travel at all', he told me. 'I stay here because I want to meet my
friends from all over the world.'
'What exactly do you mean?' I asked.
'It is simple,' he explained. 'Whenever I go to London, my friend Smith is sure
to be in Tokyo and Brown in Sicily. If I go to Paris, Dupont is sure to be in London
and Lebrun in Madagascar or Lyons. And so on. But, if I stay in Rome, all my friends
are absolutely sure to turn up at one time or another. The world means people for me.
I stay here because I want to see the world.'
And he added after a short pause:
'Besides, staying at home broadens the mind.'
BACK TO THE DESK
by Robert Lynd
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. What is the author’s
attitude to having a rest and returning to work after a holiday? What is yours?
There is something peculiarly restful in returning to work after a holiday. After
the rigours of doing nothing for a month, how peaceful it seems to be sitting once
more before a desk in an armchair! Work, I sometimes think, is the ultimate
recreation of the really lazy man.
The first thing I do when I return to work after a holiday is to have the
breakfast sent up to me in bed. How different from all those miseries of early rising
which are almost inseparable from a holiday! It may be retorted that it is perfectly
easy to arrange to have one's breakfast in bed in any seaside hotel in England; but the
16
fact is, when I am on holiday, my conscience will not permit this. If I lay lale in bed
at the seaside, I should feel that I was wasting the best part of the day. In London, I
am thankful to say, there is no such thing as a best part of the day - or, if there is, it
occurs at a much later hour than at the seaside.
Apart from this, the hotel breakfast is a much more formidable affair than
breakfast at home. The/ menu which the waiter hands you is an invitation to gluttony
before you are quite awake. If you were in full possession of your senses you would
wave the thing away and ask for a kipper or a boiled egg. As it is, your will is so
weak as a result of the soporific effects of early rising that you yield to temptation
and go through a breakfast that would satisfy a man after a week's fasting.
From that point on your troubles multiply. After breakfast, since you are on
holiday, you cannot sit down in a chair, like a rational being, and work or otherwise
enjoy yourself. Some demon inside you drives you out into the open air. This usually
involves walking - one of the most exhausting of exercises, if persisted in by the
novice for long periods. The best view of the bay may be from a chair in a window
of your hotel; but, when on holiday, you cannot help believing that it is round the
corner, and you set out for it, however steep the local hills may be. The bay was
certainly extraordinary beautiful, with white sails movin? across its ruffled " surface
under the sun, but, as truged along its coast road on foot, I could not help wishing at
times that some less strenuous form of exercise than walking had been discovered. I
reckon that during the first week my pedestrian hours were from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.,
with intervals for meals and one ride on a merry-go-round.
Professor Julian Huxley has been writing on the necessity of organising leisure,
and, no doubt, when this is done, a local committee at every seaside town will take
the sedentary visitor in hand and show him how he can enjoy himself without tiring
himself. I certainly do not know how. I cannot enjoy myself on a holiday without
ending the day as a physical wreck. Golf is an innocent-looking game; but I must say
that if I felt as exhausted after a day's work in the office as I did after a day's golf in
Cornwall I should denounce my employers as tyrants. You may guess how strenuous
the golf was from the fact that on the first morning my opponent and I took two hours
and a half to get round nine holes. It was real hammer-and-tongs stuff, with no
quarter given to the ball, the air, or anything else.
17
I think the most exhausting part of golf, perhaps, is the stooping required to
take the balls out of the hole. This unnatural posture, when practised repeatedly,
overworks a number hetherto unsuspected sinews which protest at the end of the day
by simulating a number of the symptoms of lumbago and sciatica. And the dreadful
thing is that, when once one has begun, one cannot stop playing. There is no hope of
relief except in a return to work.
Yet there was plenty to occupy an indolent man, if one had had the strength of
character to be indolent. There were curlews and sanderlings and ringed plovers on
the tide-deserted sands, but it takes a man of powerful will to trouble about curlews
when there is a golf-course within reach. Later, in Devonshire, there were buzzards
mewing overhead and a raven croaking, but who with a wild and never-to-be-fulfilled
dream of getting on to the first green in one has time to pay much attention to
buzzards and ravens?
I used to be able to take a restful holiday when I was young, but, now that I am
middle-aged and believe in the virtue of fresh air and exercise and all that sort of
thing, I can no more take a restful holiday than I could fly the Atlantic.
Now that I am back at work, I am beginning to feel much better. Every muscle
is already subsiding into a delicious inactivity. I am borne lazily from place to place
on the top of a bus instead of working like a navvy in pursuit of a small white ball. I
can watch the pink clouds above the setting sun from the office window without
regarding them as an invitation to take yet another unnecessary walk. I can do all my
work sitting and even with my feet on the table. The only muscles that I need exercise
are the muscles of my fingers and ray wrist as I guide the pencil across the paper; and
a great golfer or oarsman would think nothing of this. A lift is provided to save me
from the drudgery of climbing, so common on a holiday. I can go home in the
evening and not budge out of the house again till bedtime with a perfectly clear
conscience.
Who can deny that there is much to be said for the working life? To have
escaped from the tyranny of fresh air and exercise - is not this, perhaps, to have
gained something? Once more I am my own master - more or less. More, at least,
than during any holiday I have had for years.
18
UNIT TWO. TOURIST INDUSTRY
Introduction
Millions of jobs around the world come from the tourist industry. There are a
lot of different kinds of jobs, too. For example, you can work in a travel agency,
finding the right holidays for people, or you can work in a resort and look after
people during their holidays. There are also jobs in hotels, at tourist attractions, and
on ships and planes.
Some jobs are only for a few months, while the tourists are there. Ski resorts,
for example, are usually only busy during the winter. They often pay young people to
work there during this time.
THE CHANGING FACE OF TOURISM
Assignment: Read, translate the text and prove that tourism is changing
comparing
it
to
the
past.
Like many other industries, the tourist industry changes from year to year.
Firstly, this is because people want to see and do different things. (For example, more
and more people today are becoming interested in eco-tourism.) Secondly, it is
because the world changes; one part of the world can suddenly become more or less
dangerous. For example, 2000 was a good year for tourism in Hungary, Slovenia and
Croatia, because people stopped fighting in Kosovo. The economy can bring changes,
too. When the Japanese yen is strong, Japanese people can travel more cheaply, but
visiting Japan is more expensive for people from other countries went to Japan.
What about tourism in the future? People have been talking about holidays in
space since the 1960s, and some people are already planning them.
In 2001, a rich American man called Dennis Tito had the first holiday in space.
For 20 million dollars he got a ride to the International Space Station.
Some companies plan to sell holidays in space. They will take tourists about a
hundred kilometres up into space and fly them around the earth. One of these
companies, Bristol Spaceplanes Limited, is planning three kinds of spaceship. The
largest of the three, the Spacebus, will сarry tourists for an extremely big sum of
money per person. Perhaps there will soon be hotels in space, too. Hilton
19
International are already planning a hotel on the moon; it will be 325 metres high,
and they will build a beach for it.
Now people are using computers when they look for a holiday. With virtual
reality, you can 'visit' different holiday resorts before you decide on your holiday.
And virtual reality is getting better all the time. Soon, the real world and virtual
reality will look nearly the same. Then tourists will be able to go on holiday and stay
at home at the same time.
CASE STUDY
MILTON KAINS: TOURS AND TRAVELLING
Assignment: You are to consult the newly-born company under the name
“Milton Keins: Tours and Travelling”. You will follow the launching process and
advise on the important business startegies.
1. Current state of affairs.
It has been announced today that the companies “Smith Travel” and “Jones
Travel” will merge. Both of these companies are rather independent from the major
tour operators and have developed their own service, based on high quality individual
approach and detailed knowledge of the Mediterrainean. Merging the two companies
and launching “Milton Keins: Tours and Travelling” gives an opportunity to create a
new strong company. The two existing organizations have offices in two different
cities. While discussing the starting business with you the ex-boss of “Smith Travel”,
one of the influential members of the new administration, let you know that she saw
the main reason for merging in the possibility to unite activities and costs. She would
like to see the profit growth - and rapidly.
2. Task.
The new management of the company have invited a consulting group to work
out and present a number of suggestions for further development of “Milton Keins:
Tours and Travelling”. The management expects to hear practical advice on strategies
how to get new markets, how to manage changes and communications. The bosses
are interested whether it is worth keeping all the four offices and where to locate new
ones. The directors ask to provide them with the information on the possible potential
markets.
20
3.
Details.
“Milton Keins: Tours and Travelling” has been acting as the general tour
operator in each of its agencies. There two of them located in high streets of different
cities. Both of the merging companies have got their own negatiations experience and
ways of journey-work with tour organizers.
The negotiations work in “Milton
Keins: Tours and Travelling” is supposed to become a duty of the newly-formed
centralized financial-admonostrative team.
4. Products.
In addition to the tour agent work of selling other touristic companis tours in its
own four offices “Milton Keins: Tours and Travelling” offers its own tours of two
types:
А. Own package-holiday tours to Italy and France. “Milton Keins: Tours and
Travelling” currently is offering six independently eleborated touristic routes: Every
month in summer:
Taskania villas
French castles
Italian lakes tours
Camping in Bordeaux.
Every month in winter:
Country houses in the French Alpes
Hotels in the Italian Alpes.
B. Individual tours
Knowing Italy well and having wide contacts in France let “Milton Keins:
Tours and Travelling” offer clients individual tours which include individual rest and
personal service on planning the trip.
5. The new business.
In addition to all this the company is inended to consider the oppportunities to
develop new spheres, including the following:
a.
Internet reservation service
b.
Skiing tour «all inclusive»
c.
Guided tours, devoted to the Mediterranean culture
21
d.
Guided tours, devoted to the Mediterranean nature
6.
Organization.
The managing committee has organized two sub-divisions, Milton and Keins,
which are situated in different cities and are considered to be centers for geting a
profit. Out of 51 employee of the merging companies 28 work in four touristic
offices, consult clients and do reservation. They have a flexible time-table, providing
continuous service in high and season and engaging the managing personnel only
under unforseen circumstances.
The centralized telephone reservation service is run by a team of four who have
got a certain office work experience.
12 employees from the two companies are busy with developing, promoting
and providing own tailored-made trips. 7 people are specializes in France, 5 – in
Italy.They work independently from one another. These 12 employees have got no
strong ties to either of the office, and in the current situation they can be located more
effectively and appropriately. The centralized financial-administrative group, located
in Keins, provides performing of all business units, including contracts registrations,
purchasing and providing with polygraphic turns. Also they make contracts to
purchase tours from exterior companies. The computer system, serving the four
agencies has been upgraded recently, and from the standpoint of the coming merging
there has been established intranet. The information and communication systems are
well-developed and do not impose any restriction on the staf allocation. The standard
floorspace per employee is no less than 10 sq.m.
HOTELS
Assignment: Have you ever stayed at the hotel? What was the hotel like? Was
it a pleasant experience?
When people started to go on package holidays in the 1960s, they wanted to
stay in hotels that were cheap but clean. Today many tourists are looking for
something new, and sometimes they go to stay in a hotel just because it is unusual.
The Ice Hotel is in Jukkasjarvi, Sweden. The walls, the rooms, and all the
furniture are made of 100 per cent ice and snow! The hotel falls down every May
because the weather gets warmer. Every November, when the weather is colder, they
22
build it again. It was built for the first time in 1990 and covered about fifty square
metres. The hotel has got bigger each year, and it now covers more than 4,000 square
metres. It is built from 30,000 tonnes of snow and 10,000 tonnes of ice. More than
30,000 visitors come to the Ice Hotel every year. Some famous people, like
supermodels Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss, have had a drink in the hotel bar. The
bar is made of ice, of course - and the glasses are made of ice, too. The hotel also has
a cinema, a small church, and 120 beds. But only about 4,000 people each year stay
the night. The bedrooms and the beds are made of ice and are always cold!
If you like unusual hotels, the Ice Hotel is not the only one. For example, in
Florida, in the USA, there is a small hotel under the sea. It is called Jules' Undersea
Lodge, and it is near Miami. A hotel suite has got two bedrooms, a living room and a
bathroom. People who stay at the hotel can look at the beautiful fish through the
windows. They can also go scuba-diving.
The Salt Palace and Spa is a hotel in the middle of the Uyuni Salt Flats in
Bolivia. The hotel, like a lot of the furniture, is made of salt. A room here costs about
fifty dollars a night.
There are many other unusual hotels around the world. For example, you can
stay in a lighthouse in La Manga in Spain, in an old castle called Doyden Castle in
Cornwall in the UK, or thirty metres above the ground in a tree-house in the Western
Ghats in India.
INSIDE THE HOTEL
Assignment: Read the following text in which the General Manager of the
Hotel Concordia in Milan is talking about the staff structure of the hotel and
complete the diagram below.
I – Interviewer, R – Roberta
I: Can you tell us, Roberta, a little about the staffing at the Concordia?
R: Well, the Hotel Concordia is part of a larger group so we have got the same
structure as the other hotels in the chain. It is a medium-sized hotel, an it is divided
into three departments – front office, housekeeping, and food and beverages. Food
and beverages covers the restaurant, bar, cafeteria, and the kitchen. In the kitchen we
have got a head chef, Giovanni, and three junior chefs. There are two kitchen
assistants, as well. Then for the restaurant and bars, we have a head waiter and six
23
waiters.
I: What about housekeeping?
R: That is divided into maintanance and rooms. At the moment there is one
person in maintanance, Enrico, and on rooms there is the head housekeeper, Carlotta,
and her team. She has got five housekeepers working for her right now, though in the
high season we contract two more.
I: You use the term housekeeper. Is that the same as chambermaid?
R: Yes, in the past they were usually called chambermaids. But we prefer
housekeeper. We are talking about trained professionals here, and the idea of a maid
sounds more like a servant than a paid professional.
I: What about the reception? Or should I say front office?
R: For the ordinary client, it is the reception, obviously. But for us in the hotel
trade, it is the front office. Now, here at the hotel Concordia, the front office is run by
Luigi, the Front Office Manager. He has got six receptionists working under him, and
Silvio, the concierge.
I: The concierge? What does he do?
R: As well as carrying bags to guests‟ rooms, a concierge runs information
service for the guests, or he gets them tickets for shows, for the theatre, he takes
messages ... things like that.
I: And Silvio does all this?
R: Yes, he does. And he does it very well. Better still, if we are very busy, he
also acts as an extra receptionist.
I: Roberta, thanks for your time.
R: Not at all.
24
General Manager
Front Office
Housekeeping
Rooms
______1
Maintenance
Food and Beverages
Restaurant,
bar, and
cafeteria
Kitchen
______4
______2
______5
(6)
______3
(5)
________6
Waiters
(6)
_____7
Chefs
(3)
_____8
(2)
Assignment: Look at the following hotel staff titles. Say what people would
work in:
1.
the front office
2.
housekeeping
3.
food and beverages
kitchen assistant
chambermaid
concierge
front office manager
head chef
head waiter
housekeeper
porter
receptionist
WORLD HOTEL CHAINS
Assignment: Read the names of the world famous hotel chains. Do any of them
sound familiar to you? Continue with the list. Choose any hotel and tell its sucess
story.
MARRIOTT, SHERATON, HOLIDAY INN, OBEROI, ONE AND ONLY,
25
SHANGRI-LA,
STEIGENBERGER,
HILTON,
DAYS
INN,
INTERCONTINENTAL, CORINTHIA, RITZ. HYATT, PARK INN, SOFITEL,
NOVOTEL, SOL MELIA HOTELS, RADISSON, IBEROTEL, CLUB MED, WOW
(WORLD
OF
WONDERS),
LE
MERIDIEN,
RIXOS,
SUN
RISE,
IC,
UNIVERSAL, AQUILA HOTELS, BEST WESTERN, FOUR SEASONS,
MARITIM, AMBASSADOR, MOEVENPICK, IBEROSTAR, SAVOY.
CASE STUDY
LOCKHURST HOTELS INTERNATIONAL
Assignment: Read the following case and suggest your recommendations to
Mr. Alex Jones.
Professor Michiel R. Leenders of Richard Ivey School of Business, the
University of Wetern Ontario, Canada, prepared this case solely to provide material
for class discussion. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective or
ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The author may have disguised certain
names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality.
In mid-March 1993, Mr. Alex Jones, vice-president of Canadian operations of
Lockhurst Hotels International, faced the following decision. His director of Ontario
operations, John Shipley, had received an offer of employment with another hotel
chain at an increase in salary of $20,000 per year. Mr. Jones wondered what action,
if any, he should take.
LOCKHURST HOTELS
Lockhurst Hotels International had extensive holdings in Europe and North
America. Its Canadian chain comprised 29 hotels from coast to coast. The Ontario
district was the largest with 13 hotels, while the western district held eight and the
eastern district for Quebec and the Maritimes held seven. A director of operations
headed each district. Mr. Jones was in charge of Canadian operations and reported
directly to the president of Lockhurst Hotels International. The three district directors
reported directly to Mr. Jones.
CANDIDATES FOR JOHN SHIPLEY'S POSITION
26
John Shipley was well liked by all employees, but was not quite so efficient as
Mr. Jones would have liked him to be. Mr. Jones was, therefore, considering hiring
Jim Martin, formerly a manager in the European hospitality industry. Jim was well
known for his technical ability and Mr. Jones expected he could makeimprovements,
which might result in substantial savings. On the other hand, Jim had an abrasive
personality and might antagonize managers and employees to such an extent that
operations could deteriorate so that severe losses might occur. Should this happen,
Mr. Jones would have no choice except to fire him and try to find someone else. Jim
Martin would have to be paid $25,000 more than Shipley's current salary.
Mr. Jones believed his last alternative was to let John Shipley go and to replace
him with Don Mix, the general manager of Lockhurst's largest hotel in Toronto.
Don would require some further training and experience, but Mr. Jones thought
that in a year or so, Don could be just as effective as John Shipley. Don Mix would
undoubtedly be happy to accept this promotion and would start at a salary $ 10,000
below John Shipley's present level.
Mr. Jones understood that John Shipley had until April 1, 1993 to consider the
new job offer. Mr. Jones was therefore anxious to make his own decision quickly.
Assignment: Read the text of the Eagles’ famous song “Hotel California” and
translate them. Say in your own words what happened to the main character of the
song. What do you think about the events discribed? Do you find them unreal?
On a dark desert highway
Cool wind in my hair
Warm smell of colitas
Rising up through the air
Up ahead in the distance
I saw a shimmering light
My head grew heavy, and my sight grew dim
I had to stop for the night.
There she stood in the doorway
I heard a mission bell
And I was thinking to myself:
27
“This could be heaven or this could be hell”
Then she lit up a candle
And she showed me the way
There were voices down the corridor
I thought I heard them say:
Refrain: “Welcome to the Hotel Colifornia
Such a lovely place
Such a lovely place (background)
Such a lovely face
Plenty of rooms at the Hotel California
Any time of year
Any time of year (background)
You can find me here”
Her mind is Tiffany-twisted
She‟s got a Mercedis-Benz
She‟s got a lot of pretty, pretty boys
That she calls friends.
How they dance in the courtyard
Sweet summer sweat
Some debts to remember
Some debts to forget.
So I called up the Captain:
“Please, bring me my wine”
He said: “We haven‟t had
That spirit here since 1969”
Still those voices are calling from far away
Wake you up in the middle of the night
Just to hear them say
Refrain: “Welcome to the Hotel Colifornia
Such a lovely place
Such a lovely place (background)
Such a lovely face
28
They‟re livin‟ it up at the Hotel California
What a nice surprise
What a nice surprise (background)
Bring your alibies
Mirrors on the ceiling
The pink champagne all night
And she said:
“We‟re all just prisoners here
Of our own device”
And in the master‟s chambers
They gather for a feast
They stab it with their steely knives
But they just can‟t kill the beast
Last thing I remember
I was running for the door
I had to find the passage back
To the place I was before
“Relax, said the nightman,
We are programmed to receive.
You can check out any time you like
But you can never leave”
THE WORLD‟S BUSIEST AIRPORTS
Assignment: The table below shows the information on the world’s busiest
airports in 2007 (million of passengers). Summerise the data bu selectiong and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons and suggestions where relevant.
1.
Atlanta (ATL)
75.8
2.
Chicago (ORD)
66.8
3.
Los Angeles (LAX)
61.0
4.
London (LHR)
60.7
29
5.
Tokyo (HND)
58.7
6.
Dallas/Fort Worth
55.2
7.
Frankfurt (FRA)
48.6
8.
Paris (CDG)
48.0
9.
Amsterdam (AMS)
39.5
10.
Denver (DEN)
36.1
Assignment: Tourists come in all different shapes and sizes, and ages. When it
comes to entertainment, different ages may have different needs. What entertainment
do you think these seven ages of the tourists will require? Act as a perfect
entertainment worker. You can choose from the items below if you want or you can
add your own ideas. But remember: don't assume your customer will want a certain
type of entertainment just because they are a particular age. There may be teenagers
who like to visit museums and art galleries, and there may be retired people who
want to go clubbing or visit a computer-game arcade!
1 Young children (aged 1 to 12)
5. Middle-aged people
2. Young couples
6. Young adults
3. Families with young kids
7. Retired people
4 Teenagers
a. Trip to a water park
h. Clubbing and dancing
b. Candlelit dinner
i. Good food and drink
c. Playing games
j. Shopping
d. Playing tennis
k. Trip to a theme park
e. Trip to a museum
l. Trip to an art gallery
f. Waterskiing
m. White-water rafting
g. Bungee jumping
n. Windsurfing
Assignment: Analise the following qualities and demands made of a perfect
entertainment worker. What do you think of them? Is there anything to add?
1. Have good public relations (PR) skills.
2. Have a good command of the languages of the hotel's guests.
3. Have initiative. Be creative.
4. Be able to work in a team.
30
5. Have a charismatic personality.
6. Have an open nature.
7. Physical appearance - no sunglasses, no large piercings.
8. Wear your uniform during the day. Always wear your badge; always wear
сomfortable shoes.
9. Be able to maintain a conversation with guests.
10.Always greet guests and smile.
11.Don't smoke, drink, or eat during a performance, (may be only water),
until the performance has finished.
12.If there are any problems, always tell the person responsible in your team.
13.Never argue with a colleague in front of guests.
14.Keep good relations with other hotel workers.
15.Keep everything tidy backstage and in the mini-club.
16.Avoid emotional responses to guests. Think before you answer.
17.Trust your team.
18.Be careful about how you say things and about gestures and posture.
19.Be patient.
20.Don't discriminate among guests.
НА СТАРТ, ВНИМАНИЕ, ОТПУСК
Assignment: Render the following text into English using a dictionary. Get ready to
give practical recommendations to those who are planning their vacation.
Прежде всего, нужно решить, кто будет вашим отпуском заниматься - вы сами
или профессионалы. С ненадѐжным турагентом можно попасть в такую переделку
(to get into a scrape), что ездить больше никуда не захочется. Но и выезжать в чужую
страну, полагаясь лишь на собственные представления (to rely on one‟s own ideas),
небезопасно. Рассмотрим оба варианта.
Одинокий странник (wanderer, traveler; pilgrim). Не смотреть на жизнь в
другой стране из окна автобуса, не следовать группой по общим маршрутам, а
самому разведать дорогу - очень соблазнительно. Однако, самостоятельный отдых
31
подразумевает один простой факт: вся ответственность за путешествие - на вас. Тем
более, нужно всѐ продумать заранее (to think through beforehand). Прежде всего,
документы. Если для въезда в страну вам потребуется виза, обращайтесь в
посольство (to apply the embassy) заранее: на рассмотрение вашего заявления (to
consider an application) может уйти от нескольких дней до двух месяцев. Получив
визу, запомните срок еѐ действия. Приготовьте ксерокопии своих документов.
Заранее узнайте координаты консульства (consulate) России в той стране, куда вы
отправляйтесь. Досконально изучите (to scrutinize) маршрут, достаньте подробные
карты местности. Вам нужно знать, какая вас ждѐт погода, и соотнесите (bring into
correlation) с прогнозом ваш предполагаемый гардероб. Отдельно от имеющихся
денег храните неприкасаемый запас (untouchable reserve) мелочи. Международная
кредитка и телефон с достаточным запасом средств (money supply) на счѐте (on the
bank account) даже не обсуждаются. Выбирая место для ночѐвки (overnight stay),
будьте внимательны: не во всех мотелях есть необходимые бытовые условия (life
conditions). Если выбор стоит между звѐздным отелем и мотелем, учтите: небольшие
частные пансионы по системе Bed&Breakfast не менее удобны, а обходится вдвое
дешевле (twice as cheap). Вопрос еды для индивидуальных путешествий важный.
Лучше не рисковать и выбирать только знакомые желудку (stomack) продукты.
Качество водопроводной воды (tap water) на себе проверять не стоит. Даже в
бутылках стоит покупать воду только известных марок. Отнеситесь к этому
серьѐзно: вода ряда стран европейцам грозит не только банальной инфекцией.
Держите при себе стратегический запас чистой воды (drinking water strategical
supply). Обычаи и уклад жизни (way of life) в стране, которую вы выбрали для
отдыха - отдельный вопрос. Чтобы вести себя соответствующим образом, узнайте
их хотя бы в целом.
Клиент турагентства. Бывалые (experienced) туристы не советуют доверять
мелким фирмам и дешѐвым турам. Просите самую детальную информацию о
будущем отдыхе: условия медицинской страховки (medical insurance) и перелѐта,
экскурсии, наличие гида, отель, дополнительные траты (additional expenses).
Отправляясь в зарубежную страну впервые, убедитесь, что там безопасно в
32
эпидемиологическом плане (epidemiological aspect). Читайте рекомендации и отзывы
(reference, opinion) клиентов в Интернете. Главное правило туриста продолжает
действовать - не экономьте на себе (economize on oneself), обращайтесь к
профессионалам, которые пользуются заслуженной репутацией (to enjoy welldeserved reputation).
ON THE MONEY-GO-ROUND
Assignment: Read and translate the following newspaper article and answer the
following more detailed questions:
1. How many different methods are mentioned?
2. Which of them is recommended most highly?
3. What happens if you lose your travellers cheques?
4. Where should the British traveller exchange sterling into foreign currency?
5. Why is the British traveller advised to carry sterling?
6. Where can you use Postcheques?
MONEY - usually the lack of it - is a universal problem for travellers. Whatever the
amount they take there is a variety of ways to carry it. Since each has both advantages and
disadvantages, a combination of two or three is advisable, the mixture depending on
financial circumstances as well as destination.
Traveller's cheques: will be replaced if lost or stolen, theoretically within 24 hours.
You pay 1 to 1.5 per cent of the value of the cheques (and maybe a fixed handling fee if
you are buying in any of the 20 plus foreign currencies) but usually get a better rate when
cashing them. In any of the Americas be sure to carry dollar cheques.
Foreign currency: carry a small amount (for taxis, porters, telephone calls, snacks)
until you can get to a bank. Most UK banks need advance notice of your requirements,
otherwise change sterling at the airport or port (though exchange rates are less favourable).The commission and rate of exchange do vary but shopping around is rather
impractical. Some countries (in particular Greece) restrict the amount of their currency
that you can import. You should also carry some sterling for necessary expenses when you
re turn.
33
Postcheques: Each cheque, when accompanied by a Postcheque Card (included free
with your first order of cheques) can now be used to draw up to £100 in local currency
from 90,000 post offices in most of Europe and around the Mediterranean as well as Hong
Kong, the Bahamas and Japan.
Credit cards: Access (linked to Mastercard in the US and Eurocard in Europe) and
Barclaycard (linked to Visa) are accepted in nearly 5 million outlets each though they vary
in their acceptability - Barclaycard, for example, is stronger in France, Spain and Italy,
whereas Access is most useful in Germany and the US. Their acceptance in Continental
petrol stations, too, is not always certain.
They may also be used for cash advances and instead of a deposit on car hire.
Charge cards: American Express and Diners Club are less widely accepted than
credit cards and the interest-free settlement period is shorter but there is no pre-set
spending limit. In addition to the initial starting and annual fee for the cards, both charge a
one per cent processing charge for bills converted back into sterling.
Eurocheques: can be used to withdraw local currency as well as pay for hotels,
restaurants, garages and other services in nearly five million, mostly European, outlets.
The cheques, made out to the exact amount you require, are then debited to your account
in the same way as a domestic cheque.
Individual cheques can be cashed for up to a maximum of £100 or the equivalent in
local currency.
There is no limit to the number of cheques you can use to make a purchase. You pay
around £3.50 for the card and there is also a commission of 1.25 per cent on the value of
the transaction, plus roughly a 30 pence handling fee per cheque.
UNIT THREE. HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES.
Introduction
Many people go on holiday to rest and enjoy themselves. They want to lie on the
beach and read books during the day, and eat good food in restaurants in the evening. But
these days, more and more people prefer activity holidays - holidays with sports and other
exciting things to do.
34
One of the oldest kinds of activity holiday is skiing, and it is still very popular with
millions of people. The most popular countries for skiing holidays in Europe are France,
Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Andorra. There are also ski resorts in the USA, Canada,
Japan, and South America.
In the 1970s a new sport started in these ski resorts - snowboarding. It is now very
popular with young people. There are special activity holidays for a lot of different sports,
like sailing, scuba-diving and walking. But some people want more than this - they want
adventure! Companies like 'KE Adventure Tours' take groups of people to the Himalayas
to go climbing and mountain-biking. Other companies take people to Africa to travel down
fast rivers in special boats. Some companies even take tourists up the highest mountain in
the world, Mount Everest. But this is still very dangerous: for every six people who try to
climb Everest, one dies.
Activity holidays are usually more expensive than ordinary package holidays, and
families often do not have the money. Most people on activity holidays are single people
or married couples without children. For example, only 25 per cent of people on skiing
holidays are families. Some companies, like „Club 18-30‟, sell holidays that are specially
for young adults.
In the 1950s, „Club Med‟ started to sell all-inclusive holidays in the Mediterranean.
When you buy an all-inclusive holiday, you get everything you are going to need or do in
the resort: all your food and drink, and all the sports and activities too, like windsurfing
and water-skiing. It is a good way to make new friends and an easy way to have a holiday.
But there are disadvantages, too. You do not meet people who are very different from you,
and you do not learn about the country that you are visiting.
ЛЁГКОЕ ДЫХАНИЕ
Assignment: Render the following information into English. If you were to choose
where to spend a romantic time, which of the following variants would you choose? Make
a personal choice and explain it. Add additional information that you have about the place
chosen as your future destination.
35
1.
Испания. Пуэрто-де-ля-Дукеса (Puerto-de-la Dukesa). Недалеко от
Гибралтара (Gibraltar) и Малаги (Malaga), среди пустынных белоснежных пляжей,
небольших домиков и уютных ресторанчиков прячется сказочная бухта (bay).
2.
Италия. Озеро Комо (Lake Como). В озере отражаются (to reflect)
удивительные пейзажи (landscape, scenery): утопающие в зелени (to be buried in
verdure) средневековые замки, башни, старинный форт и кафедральный собор.
Благодаря окружающим Комо Альпам (the Alpes) здесь круглый год тепло.
3.
Греция.
Острова
Спорады
(Sporades).
Это
самые
живописные
(picturesque) из островов Эгейского моря (Aegean sea). Они известны прекрасной
экологией, обилием (abundance) зелени и изумрудной (emerald) водой у их берегов.
4.
Мексика. Жихватанейло (Jihwataneilo). Земля бесконечных пляжей,
сверкающей (to sparkle, to twinkle, to glitter) воды и бушующего (to roar, to rage)
прибоя (surf, breakers). Вы можете проехать верхом среди красных скал,
полюбоваться на китов в морском озере Гуэрро Негро (Guerro Negro) или заняться
скубадайвингом в поисках 800 разновидностей рыб.
CAMPING IS THE IDEAL WAY OF SPENDING A HOLIDAY
Assignment: Read and translate the folowing text. Are you in fovour or
against camping as a way of spending a holiday? Using the arguments and
counter-arguments to suport your opinion.
There was a time whan camping was considered to be a poor way of
spending a holiday: OK for boy scouts and hard up students, but hardly the thing
for
sophisticated,
comfort-loving
adults.
The
adults
have
at
last
discovered that the boy scouts have really been on to a good thing all these
years. If you go camping, it no longer means that you will be bitten to death by
mosquitoes;
have
to
drink
brackish
coflee;
live
on
corned
beef;
suffocate or freeze in a sleeping-bag; hump gargantuan weights on your
back. Camping has become the great pursuit of motorists the world over.
All the discomforts associated with it have been miraculusly whisked
away. For a modest outlay, you can have a comfortable, insulated tent. For
36
a not-so-modest outlay, you can have an elaborate affair which resembles
a portable bungalow, complete with three bedrooms, a living-room, a
kitchen and a porch. The portable furniture is light and comfortable; the
gas stove brews excellent coffee or grills a tender steak; the refrigerator
keeps the beer and ice-cream cold; and as for a good night's rest, well, you
literally sleep on air. What more could you want?
No wonder the great rush is on. You see, camping has so much to offer.
You enjoy absolute freedom. You have none of the headaches of advance
hotel booking or driving round and round a city at midnight looking for a
room. There are no cold hotel breakfasts, no surly staff to tip. For a
ludicrusly small sum, you can enjoy comforts which few hotels could
provide. Modern camping sites are well equipped with hot and cold
running water and even shops and dance floors. Low-cost holidays make
camping an attractive proposition. But above all, you enjoy tremendous
mobility. If you don’t like a place, or if it is too crowded, you can simply
get up and go. Conversely, you can stay as long as you like. You're the
boss.
And then there's the sheer fun of it - especially if you have a family.
Moping around a stuffy hotel room wondering what they are going to give
you for dinner is a tedious business. By comparison, it's so exciting to
arrive at a camp site, put up your tent and start getting a meal ready. You
are active all the time and you are always close to nature. Imagine yourself
beside some clear stream with mountains in the background. Night is
falling, everything
is peaceful - except for the delightful sound of chops
sizzling in the pan. Camping provides you with a real change from every day
living. You get up earlier, go to bed earlier, develop a hearty appetite.
You have enormous opportunity to meet people of various nationalities
and to share with pleasure with them. People are so friendly when they
are relaxed. How remote the strained world of hotels seems when you are
camping. How cold and unfriendly the formal greetings that are exchanged
37
each day between the residents. For a few precious weeks in the year, you
really adopt a completely different way of life. And that's the essence of
true recreation and real enjoyment.
The argument: key words
1. Camping once considered poor way of spending holiday: boy scouts;
students; no longer so.
2. No inconveniences (e.g. mosquitoes; brackish coffee; corned beef;
freeze, suffocate in sleeping-bag; hump great weights).
3. Pursuit of motorists everywhere: no discomforts.
4. Modest sum: insulated tent.
5. Large sum: portable bungalow; three bedrooms, kitchen, etc.
6. Portable furniture: gas stove: coffee, steak; refrigerator: beer, icecream.
7. Sleep on air.
8. The great rush is on; camping offers absolute freedom.
9. No advance hotel booking; driving round cities at midnight.
10. Low cost holidays; many comforts at modern sites: e.g. hot, cold water,
even dance floors.
11. Great mobility: go or stay as you please.
12. Sheer fun of it: especially with family.
13. No moping round hotel rooms wondering about dinner.
14. Exciting to arrive at site, put up tent; prepare meal.
15. Always active; always close to nature.
16. Imagine clear stream; mountains; chops sizzling in pan.
17. A real change: get up early, go to bed early; hearty appetite.
18. Great opportunity to meet people; everyone relaxed, friendly.
19. Adopt completely different way of life: essence of relaxation, enjoyment.
The counter-argument: key words
1. Argument doesn't mention any inconveniences.
2. What about rain, cold, mosquitoes, boring diet of fried food?
3. What about packing and re-erecting a wet tent?
38
4. What about vast number of things to be carried? Large car necessary.
5. Frequently setting up and disbanding house: enormously inconvenient
and tedious.
6. Most real beauty spots are inaccessible by car: everything must be
carried.
7. The real beauty spots have no amenities, not even running water.
8. Camping sites are not beauty spots: primitive living conditions; like ugly
slums; each camper has little space.
9. Many official sites haven't even primitive amenities.
10. Camping sites can be just as crowded as hotels.
11. Camping is not a real holiday for the family.
12. Wife has to cook, etc., under primitive conditions; no change for her.
13. Husband must drive long distances; children get tired.
14. Even cheapest and simplest hotel provides rest and freedom from care
for everyone in the family.
15. You get what you pay for; when camping, you don't pay much and and
don't get much.
CASE STUDY
FRONTIER ADVENTURE RACING: PACK LIGHTLY, GO LIKE HELL,
NEVER GIVE UP
Assignment: Read the following case and answer the questions:
1.
What is the problem Dave Zietsma is currently tackling?
2.
What is Dave Zietsma and what kind of person is he?
3.
What is adventure racing?
4.
What are the conditions under which the event takes place?
5.
What other races are mentioned in the text and what is the history of
adventure racing?
6.
Describe a potential customer of FAR products.
39
7.
Describe FAR.
8.
What products does it offer?
9.
What geographical names are mentioned in the text and what are these
places?
10.
Why is it difficult for Dave Zietsma to get new qualified and knowledgeable
11.
What are the sources of sponsorship for FAR?
12.
Who did FAR compete with?
13.
Should Dave Zietsma give up? Yes? No? Why?
staff ?
Professors Charlene Zietsma and Stewart Thomhitl of Richard Ivey School of
Business, the University of Wetern Ontario, Canada, prepared this case solely to provide
material lot class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or
Ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain
names end other identifying Information to protect confidentiality.
Dave Zietsma, president of Frontier Adventure Racing (FAR), went over the
numbers again in dismay. It was February 2001. Despite the amazing popularity of FAR's
Raid the North Adventure Racing Series (FAR's most popular races sold out in less than a
minute from the opening of Web site registration), Zietsma already knew that the season
would end in September with the company malting little or no profit for the fourth year in
a row.
The competition was beginning to move into FAR's niche space, hurting FAR's
image with potential corporate sponsors. So far, competitors posed no threat with
adventure racing participants however, as FAR's races were recognized as "the most
important race series in Canada." FAR had great products, a solid international reputation
for putting together excellent races and good name recognition among adventure racers.
Zietsma himself was the captain of Canada's top adventure racing team (Team Subaru
Outback), and his passion for the sport had led to significant media coverage, with Zietsma
being named as one of McLean's top 100 Canadians under the age of 30 in 1999. Team
40
Outback regularly competed in international adventure racing events, lending credibility
and respect to FAR by association. Yet with all these assets, FAR was still not making a
reasonable return on investment.
While passion had carried Zietsma this far, some hard decisions would have to be
made if some way weren't found to generate profits. And decisions had to be made now:
TSN and OLN (the Sports Network and the Outdoor Life Network) had offered Zietsma
two hours of television coverage (one hour in prime time) and half of the ad spots during
the show if FAR could pay the production costs of $75,000. FAR's share of the ad spots, at
TSN's current rates, was worth only $15,000, but the show would boost the visibility of the
sport and FAR, and might be later sold to other networks outside of Canada. The visibility
gained might go a long way toward encouraging corporate sponsorship of FAR's race
program. If this opportunity slid by, gaining the TV coverage and sponsor support needed
to make the business profitable in 2002 would be much more difficult.
HISTORY OF ADVENTURE RACING
Adventure racing can be defined as a non-stop, multi-day, multi-sport, mixed team
event; an expedition with a stopwatch. The goal of the competition is to be the first team to
get all members across the finish line together. Competitors travel through remote
wilderness without outside assistance. Each team must use strategy to determine the best
route, equipment, food and pace to win. Teams must pass through various checkpoints en
route, and each team carries an emergency radio in case they become lost or hurt. A
significant part of the challenge is in the planning and problem-solving. Race information
is given on a "need to know" basis only. For example, the start line is often only revealed
the day before the race. Problem-solving and planning must be done quickly and
efficiently during the competition.
People compete in adventure races to test their limits; for the exhilaration that
comes from taking on a larger-than-life challenge and beating it. The bigger the challenge,
the bigger the reward. Monetary rewards are scant, however.
Adventure racing had its origins in a multi-sport race (mountain running, kayaking
and mountain biking) set in New Zealand called the Coast to Coast. Started in 1980, this
wilderness endurance race was created when someone misunderstood an overheard
41
conversation suggesting that some Americans were looking to create the ultimate
wilderness challenge. To beat the Americans to the punch, the Coast to Coast and another
race known as the Alpine Ironman were created. Not long after and completely unrelated,
the Americans actually did dabble in the extreme with a race called the Alaska Mountain
Wilderness Classic, which was started in 1983. While Coast to Coast has grown into one
of the most heralded multi-sport races, the Alaska Mountain Wilderness Classic stayed
very grassroots, advertising by word of mouth, and returning all race profits to the
competitors.
The next big step was the Raid Gauloises (commonly known as the Raid), first held
in New Zealand in 1989, the first mixed team multi-sport, multi-day wilderness endurance
race. Created by Frenchman Gerard Fusil, the Raid quickly popularized the sport of
adventure racing in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. To many, this race was the
ultimate test of human endurance. The Raid travelled to a different exotic location around
the world every year. The Southern Traverse, established in New Zealand in 1991,
maintained the true spirit of adventure racing established by the Raid but over a shorter,
three-to-five-day period.
Although the popularity of the sport grew rapidly in Europe, Australia and New
Zealand, it wasn't until a two time Raid competitor and talented entrepreneur, Mark
Burnett, created the Eco-Challenge that the sport caught on in North America. The first
race took place in Utah in 1995 and grew to a status equalled only by the Raid. Other race
locations have included Canada, Australia, Morocco, Argentina, Borneo and New
Zealand. Since J 995, many new races have emerged around the world, though not all of
them have established legitimacy or viability.
In the wake of Eco-Challenge's heavy media attention, a new, more accessible style
of adventure race emerged: the weekend race. Typically 36 hours long, the weekend race
offered a more realistic starting point for weekend warriors looking to test themselves in
the adventure racing arena, with substantially less preparation and training time, fewer
technical skill requirements and lower costs. They also provided an ideal training ground
for prospective competitors in longer races. As a result, participation in adventure racing
grew by 275 per cent in Canada from 1998 to 2001, while the number of races grew by
42
312 per cent.
FAR COMPANY HISTORY
FAR was founded in 1998 by Dave Zietsma, a former management consultant and
international adventure racing competitor. In just three years, FAR's Raid the North series
introduced adventure racing to many Canadians and became one of the top race series in
North America. According to the FAR Web site: “Frontier Adventure Racing is about
offering people the opportunity to test their limits. Whether through our 36 hour race
series, our five day Extreme race, an adventure racing training program or one of our new
Adventure Weekends, participants can expect to face unpredictable challenges in a
wilderness setting”.
Zietsma was a purist: while other companies designed their races to ensure that most
competitors completed the race, FAR's races were hard. Only 25 per cent of the teams
finished each race intact within the allotted time limits. Teams were disqualified if they
used their radio to seek medical or navigational assistance, or if one member withdrew,
though the other team members were often allowed to continue the race unranked.
Zietsma's involvement in adventure racing as a leading competitor kept FAR Inc. at the
forefront of the sport, AH Raid the North race courses were designed and tested by
Zietsma so participants were assured an authentic adventure racing experience and a
world-class challenge. Even the 36-hour races were designed to seriously challenge the
weekend warrior. FAR races were well known for their impeccable logistics, in a sport
where disorganization could have dire consequences for competitors.
Paquette and Zaglia, authors of Extreme Adventnre, a recent book on Adventure
Racing, said the following about FAR: “The courses are well designed and extremely
demanding - challenging mixed teams of four, racing with or without a support crew, to
kayak, canoe, mountain bike and mountaineer through the rugged mountains, icy livers
and dense forests of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia.
PRODUCTS
FAR began with one 36-hour race in Ontario in 1998. In 1999, the Raid the North
series expanded to three races (in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia), and Raid the
North Extreme, designed to be the pinnacle of adventure racing in Canada, was
43
introduced. All four races were featured on the Outdoor Life Network in Canada as well as
in numerous magazines.
In 2000, adventure race training courses were introduced to help new people enter
the sport by learning the tricks of the trade from some of Canada's top racers. Adventure
Weekends were also added. Targeted at those who are captivated by the thrill of adventure
racing but not necessarily interested in competing, these 3 day programs take participants
on an educational and inspirational guided tour of an adventure race.
In 2001, five 36-hour races were offered (two in Ontario, one in Nova Scotia, one in
British Columbia and one in Quebec). A two-and-a-half day series championship in
Ontario was also added, and the Raid the North Extreme race was scheduled for
Newfoundland. The fastest team in the 36-hour races usually completed the race in about
24 hours, while as many as half the teams could not complete the race within the 36 hours.
In 2001, FAR added an 'advance loop‟ for race leaders so that the best teams could
challenge themselves with an additional race leg, but the finish line would remain
accessible for most teams.
Adventure Challenge races - three-to-six hour, 40-kilometre races held in
conjunction with Raid the North races - were also added in 2000, enabling FAR to capture
more revenues to defray the fixed expenses of co-ordinating the races. Salomon, one of
FAR's sponsors, requested these races. In Elliott Lake, a Northern Ontario town that had
been an enthusiastic and supportive host for FAR races for three years, FAR would be
offering a Kids' Raid the North in conjunction with a 36-hour race in 2001. Both the
Adventure Challenge races and the Kids' Raid the North race would bring more people to
the finish line, increasing visibility for sponsors, and providing competitors of the 36 hour
races with much-needed applause from a sizable crowd as they finished the race.
As a sideline to FAR Inc., the staff was very active in the not-for-profit Frontier
Adventure Racing Club. With regular training and informational activities in the Toronto
area and a strong Internet presence, the club was a meeting place for competitors and a
valuable information tool to adventure racing hopefuls across Canada. Many competitors
used the club to find training partners and teammates.
REVENUES
44
Because of his commitment to keeping adventure racing accessible to the average
person, Zietsma maintained relatively low race entry fees: $1,400 per team for 36-hour
races, and $4,200 per team for the Extreme race. Comparable races in other locations were
typically about $2,000 for the 36-hour races and between $5,000 and $9,000 for longer
races. While the Ontario races made money, races in British Columbia traditionally lost
money because of the increased travel expenses for race staff, the cost of renting vehicles,
and the higher cost charged in British Columbia for equipment rentals (e.g. canoes or
kayaks). British Columbia races were also difficult to design and manage because variable
weather in the mountains increased the risk and the time required to design the course.
The Quebec races were also net money losers due to the costs of translating
promotional materials into French and hiring a French-speaking local representative to
negotiate site arrangements. The Extreme race, on the other hand, was more profitable: the
entry fee was three times as much, but the costs were less than twice as much, leaving
more profit margin.
Zietsma didn't track expenses separately among the 36-hour races because he fell it
was necessary to have races in each of the locations in order to be recognizeda Canadawide adventure racing company. "To look at them individually and drop unprofitable races
would be changing our positioning as a national series," Zietsma commented. On the other
hand, he was getting tired of all the travelling.
Adventure Race Training Seminars were designed to enhance image and defray
overhead during non-race times. Adventure Weekends were designed to open a door for
FAR into the corporate market. Neither the training seminars nor the adventure weekends
made much money, partly by design, and partly because startup and promotional costs and
low demand due to the newness of the programs limited their contributions to fixed costs.
The tliree-to-six-hour Adventure Challenge races were run on a cost-recovery basis:
designed to increase visibility and bring a crowd, entry fees were very low. The Challenge
races also benefited from being able to use the same canoes and crews as the 36-hour
races.
STAFF
As with many small businesses, FAR had trouble attracting and retaining good staff
45
members. Zietsma commented: “We get some pretty good applications because of the sex
appeal of adventure racing but we can't pay enough for very qualified people to take it
seriously. With new staff, it takes two to three months for them to be useful enough that 1
don't want to fire them anymore. I completely recognize that I have no time to train them
properly. It is extremely difficult for people to conceptualize an adventure race until they
have been to one, and they are quite different than typical sporting events. This makes it
difficult to get new staff focused on the right elements”.
Staff turnover was high, and FAR frequently started with a whole new staff each
race season. Zietsma and three others (a logistics manager, a course designer and a public
relations person) worked year round. An intern was brought on board during the busy
summer season for race co-ordination. Web site updates were outsourced. Much of the
work during the races was done by volunteers, who arrived for training the day before the
race began.
While the PR role was expected to also include marketing responsibilities, to date,
no staff person had had the experience or initiative to do both. Zietsma had thus absorbed
most of the marketing function himself. Zietsma was considering outsourcing the PR
function in the future - a contractor could cost slightly more, but would require less
supervision.
SPONSORSHIP
To make up the shortfall in race revenues and provide a pool of prize money for the
winners, FAR depended heavily on sponsorship. Sponsors invested in sports to gain
visibility with particular demographic segments that participate in or follow a sport. While
interest in adventure racing was growing, it was still a very young sport. It left much to be
desired as a spectator sport, since the races were held in wilderness locations, and the
competitors covered vast distances, often invisible in dense bush. Television coverage,
using camera crews who specialized in getting to remote locations, had been more
successful in capturing the intensity of the challenge. Coverage of the Patagonia EcoChallenge was shown during primetime in April 2000 on Discovery Channel. The Sunday
evening telecast ranked 14th overall in prime time and was the number one sporting event
on cable in prime time for the night, beating Major League Baseball on ESPN and Davis
46
Cup Quarterfmals on ESPN2. The Monday evening coverage ranked number eight overall
among basic ad-supported cable shows, and was the number one sports program in prime
time on cable (excluding wrestling).
TV audiences in Canada remained relatively low; however, the Outdoor Life
Network generally commanded an audience of 20,000 to 30,000 during adventure racing
programming, while TSN captured 60,000 to 80,000 viewers. Viewership data for
Discovery Channel Canada were unavailable, but their demographics are as follows: 54
per cent male, 59 per cent between the ages of 25 and 54 years old, and 38 per cent
business owners, managers or professionals.
Sierra Designs had been the title sponsor for Raid the North races for three years,
and other sponsors such as Salomon provided significant revenues. In the three years that
Sierra Designs had sponsored the race, however, there had been three different individuals
managing the relationship. Mistakes were made. In 2000, no one from Sierra showed up at
the races, competitor gifts were skimpy and there were no gifts for volunteers. Sierra did
not promote its sponsorship of the race. "They didn't get what they needed out of the
sponsorship, and we didn't make them get what they needed," says Zietsma. "We don't
have a full-time sponsor coordinator to follow up with them to ensure they get value out of
the deal." Sierra did not renew their sponsorship in 2001.
Because of this experience, Zietsma decided to outsource the sponsorship function.
He contacted a company in the summer of 2000 to ask them to take on the project. After
two months of waffling, that company elected not to take on the project. Zietsma hired
PSG group in November 2000 for $20,000 of upfront development costs, and $15,000 per
month commencing in January 2001.
PSG group was able to get a number of interviews with companies who were
interested in looking at FAR as a sponsorship option. Unfortunately, most had fully
allocated their money for 2001 by the time PSG contacted them. In addition Zietsma felt
they needed passion to make the sale, and PSG representatives didn't have the passion for
the sport. By mid-February, PSG had been able to raise only $5000, versus the $120,000
that Zietsma had raised himself the previous year. Facing the prospect of having almost no
money from sponsors, a $35,000 bill for sponsorship, and a need for $75,000 for TV
47
production over and above FAR's normal cash requirements, the situation looked difficult
at best.
"There are some opportunities out there," Zietsma claimed. Subaru sponsored FAR's
Canadian competitor, Adventure Racing Canada. Adventure racing was a good fit for SUV
manufacturers because it appealed to the right demographic: the average age of FAR
competitors was 31, and over 60 per cent of them were professionals. These were the
people who had the wherewithal to purchase SUVs.
Subaru was also the sponsor of Zietsma's competitive team. Subaru had so far
refused to sponsor FAR because they sponsored Team Subaru Outback, Zietsma's
competitive adventure racing team. Other SUV manufacturers were reticent to sponsor
FAR because of Zietsma's relationship with Subaru, though one of them had indicated
significant interest. Zietsma thought another possibility would be a wealth management
company: he felt that managing the risks in adventure racing paralleled managing
investment risks. Another option might be a Global Positioning System manufacturer,
though a company that had expressed interest said it had to wait until 2002. Salomon
would return as a significant sponsor, probably covering the cost of PSG group for 2001.
Zietsma suggested there were two other possible sources of revenue to explore: the
government and the military. In 2000, Quebec Tourism sponsored a race called "Raid
Ukatak." Only seven teams competed in the race, some of which probably had their enlry
fee waived. Journalists were also paid to cover this event, to provide exposure for Quebec
as an adventure tourism destination. Zietsma felt FAR could manage this kind of race
effectively because of his experience and contacts. However, even identifying the right
person to contact in the government would be tricky, and time and staff constraints limited
his ability to follow up.
The 2001 Raid the North Extreme race was to be held in Newfoundland, a remote
and wildly beautiful place with chronic economic problems. The Newfoundland
government had been quite supportive of Raid the North's foray into its province, and the
location appeal attracted journalists and competitive teams from around the world.
"Picture kayakmg next to massive icebergs," Zietsma said. "The footage will be terrific."
Other provinces had economic development bodies that might be interested in bringing
48
races and TV coverage to their areas, but it had been difficult to find the time to identify
who needed to be contacted in each area.
The Canadian military was another option. Enrollment had been so low that Canada
was in danger of losing NATO status. The military had recently allocated additional
money to improve its image to try to increase enrollment. Adventure racing was trendy
and very appealing to youth. Yet the parallels between adventure racing and the military
were striking: individuals could test their limits in remote locations with their progress
monitored by radio communications. Infrastructure is developed quickly and search and
rescue operations are performed if something goes wrong To associate the two, the
military could send infantry members as teams, could use its resources to assist in coordinating adventure races, use adventure racing as training exercises, or perhaps run a
separate race just for military teams, like Eco-Challenge did with the U.S. Armed Forces.
Zietsma felt he could create a strong presentation tying in adventure racing and the
military which he could take to high schools to increase enrollment in the military.
While another source of revenue might seem to be adventure travel, Zietsma
claimed this was a passion-driven business without significant profit potential.
COMPETITION
FAR competed with other adventure racing companies in four ways: for
participants, resources (e.g., equipment rentals), sponsors and media coverage. In 2000,
FAR had a 38-per-cent share of total Canadian participation in adventure racing, up from
26 per cent in 1998 and 34 per cent in 1999.
The company also competed in the three major adventure race categories: the sprints
(usually several hours), the mid-length (24 to 48 hours), and the expeditions (four-to-fiveday races). Each segment had different competitive characteristics and key success factors.
A further Elite category, featuring seven to 10 day races, was dominated by Eco-Challenge
and Raid Galoises.
For the sprint races, there were few barriers to entry, and organizers didn't need to
know much about adventure racing. In fact, most FAR competitors wouldn't consider the
Sprint races to be adventure racing at all. Successful sprint race organizers were good
marketers: they could sell the race not only to competitors, but also to sponsors. Because
49
of the low barriers to entry and the rising popularity of adventure racing, hundreds of these
short races popped up every year.
For the mid-length races, knowledgeable staff were needed in course design and
logistics, however, these races also required sponsorship, considerable equipment and
good marketing to competitors. Image and reputation were important, as competitors were
putting their personal safety in the hands of race organizers.
Wilderness rescues and first aid treatment are a part of every race. Competitors elso
rely on the proper functioning of emergency radios, rock-climbing equipment, and canoes
or kayaks. Maps must also be carefully developed so that competitors can navigate their
way to various checkpoints. Checkpoint staff must be there to greet all competitors.
Missing or poorly located checkpoint staff can leave competitors searching for frustrating
hours through the wilderness.
For expedition races, course designers needed an intimate knowledge of adventure
racing that was acquired only from doing it themselves. Image and reputation were big
barriers to entry, and logistics and course design were critical. Expedition races attempted
to attract the best competitors from around the world.
In Canada, FAR owned the expedition segment. The 2001 race in Newfoundland
sold out, with 10 teams on the waiting list and competitors from eight countries. FAR's
mid-level races had also been highly successful and very well thought of because of their
consistently good course design and logistics. FAR had not seriously entered the sprint
race categoiy until 2001 (the Adventure Challenge races), and then only at the behest of
sponsors and in conjunction with other races.
Adventure Racing Canada (ARC), sponsored by Subaru, has been the leading
provider of sprint races. ARC has done an excellent job at marketing, particularly to
sponsors. ARC had approached the same companies as had FAR, and had been more
successful at gaining sponsorship. ARC had told potential sponsors that FAR was for elite
athletes only, not weekend warrior types, and that FAR races were held in remote areas,
reducing a sponsor's visibility. Zietsma countered that ARC held its races in similar
locations to FAR, and that the FAR demographic (30-something professionals) was a
much better target market for high priced goods than ARC's young, edgy crowd. Recently,
50
ARC began to offer 30-hour races, which competed more directly with FAR's Raid the
North races.
Internationally, local competitors comprised the participants in mid-level and sprint
categories. Expedition races drew from the international pool of adventure racers. These
races were often considered informally as qualifying races for the elite Eco-Challenge and
Raid Galoises races. While the expedition category organizers competed with each other
to some extent, they also collaborated in raising the visibility of adventure racing as a
sport. These races drew new participants from their local markets, while regular adventure
racers often participated in several races internationally. FAR's direct competitors for the
expedition races were the Southern Traverse in New Zealand, the Mild Seven Outdoor
Quest in China, and the Beast of the East in the United States.
A CHANGE IN THE INTERNATIONAL ADVENTURE RACING SCEME
Discovery Channel helped to form a new international adventure racing association
in 2001, to mount its own elite race as a acompetitor to Eco-Challenge. Discovery Channel
had been instrumental in creating media-profile for Eco-Challenge, but withdrew its
sponsorship in 2000. Seven of the top expedition category adventure racing companies
around the world (including FAR) agreed to promote each other‟s races, and act as
qualifying races for Discovery Channel‟s new race in 2002. The media visibility could
provide a big boost to the sport as a whole. The Discovery Channel race is likely to be
well-recieved by regular Eco-Challenge competitors who have begun to express some
dissatisfaction with Eco-Challenge since Burnett had been distracted with the Survivor
series.
The Adventure Racing World Series included: Adrenalin Rush (United
Kingdom/Ireland); The Beast of the East (USA); Expedicao Mata Atlantica (EMA)
(Brazil); Hi-Tec Adventure Quest (Africa); NOC Merciless Mountain Melee (USA); Raid
the North Extreme (Canada); and the Southern Traverse (New Zealand). Discovery
Channel was to be the exclusive media sponsor of the series. Discovery Channel was one
of the world's largest cable television networks, serving more than 185 million subscribers
in 152 countries.
Zietsma expressed high hopes for the Adventure Racing World Series and FAR's
51
future. His three-year plan looked very promising. The Nunavut race planned for 2002 was
expected to attract government support, international media (because the remote location
is considered 'sexy'), and international competitors. Zietsma expected this race to compete
in the elite category with Eco-Challenge. But making it through 2001 would be very
difficult for FAR without some additional sponsorship or financing. FAR had a highly
respected product that sold well, but profitability seemed elusive. For the past four years,
FAR had been following its own motto: Pack lightly, go like hell and never give up. But
resources were now too light, and the company might have reached the limit of how far it
could go. Zielsma wondered if he should give up.
Assignment: Write a tourist information advice and recommendation sheet for your
own area. You should include the following sections.
TOURIST
INFORMATION
IN ___
A general description
________________________
Information on natural features
________________________
Places to visit (e.g. museums,
historic buildings, places of interest)
________________________
Nightlife and entertainment
________________________
Shopping
________________________
Accommodation
________________________
Other important information
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________________________
Assignment: Translate the following paragraphs from Russian into English:
1.
В западном полушарии (hemisphere) расположены два материка
(continent, mainland) - Южная и Северная Америка. Они образуют одну часть света Америку. Южная Америка - это массивный материк, на востоке он омывается
Атлантическим океаном (the Atlantic Ocean), на западе – Тихим (the Pacific Ocean).
Природа материка разнообразна и контрастна: высокие горные цепи Анд (the
Andes), длинная и самая многоводная (deep, full) река в мире Амазонка (the Amazon).
Климатические условия в разных частях Южной Америки различны - от жаркого
экваториального (equatorial) климата на севере до умеренного (temperate) на юге;
наряду с очень влажными районами имеются пустыни (desert, wilderness).
Растительный и животный мир (flora and fauna) в экваториальных лесах Южной
Америки необыкновенно богат и разнообразен.
2.
В Южной Америке есть очень крупные города, такие, как Сан-Паулу
(Sao Paulo), Рио-де-Жанейро (Rio de Janeiro), Буэнос-Айрес (Buenos Aires). Также
можно встретить поселения из нескольких индейских семей, живущих в двух-трѐх
вигвамах (wigwam). В самых труднодоступных (difficult of access) районах
Амазонии (Amazonia) есть индейские племена, которых ещѐ совсем не коснулась
цивилизация; они живут так примитивно, как вы не можете себе даже представить.
3.
Весь бассейн реки (river basin) Амазонки покрыт девственным влажным
экваториальным лесом. Это самой большой и буйный лес на Земле - зелѐная
оранжерея (greenhouse, conservatory) нашей планеты, одно из удивительных и
неповторимых чудес природы (wonder of nature). Здесь всѐ необычно, причудливо
(intricate, odd), сказочно. Всѐ живое представлено в поразительном разнообразии
(variety) форм, красок и размеров. При исключительном богатстве видов в
экваториальном лесу трудно найти два одинаковых рядом стоящих дерева. В
Амазонии насчитывают 4 тыс. видов деревьев; в то время как во всей Европе нет
даже двухсот. Особенно велико количество пальм (palm); ботаники насчитывают их
здесь 880 видов.
53
4.
Влажный экваториальный лес называют иногда «зелѐным адом» (green
hell). Действительно, представьте себе безбрежный (boundless) океан гигантских
(gigantic) деревьев. Вокруг господствует серо-зелѐный сумрак (twilight, dusk, gloom).
Никакого ветра. Воздух неподвижен (still). Пахнет гнилью (rot). Сырость (dampness)
невероятная - до 100% относительной влажности (relative humidity). Жарко, душно,
сыро. Тяжкий влажный зной (heat), царящий (to reign) круглый год, паводки (flood),
заливающие огромные пространства леса на 9 месяцев году, сотни неведомых
(unknown, unfamiliar, mysterious) современной медицине болезней, таящихся (to
hide) в трясине (bog), муравьи и термиты, пожирающие (to gobble up) всѐ, что
попадѐтся им на пути, тучи москитов (mosqito), ядовитые (poisonous) змеи, деревья,
источающие (to shed) наркотические запахи - всѐ это собрано здесь, в амазонском
лесу.
5.
Во влажном экваториальном лесу Южной Америки почти нет крупных
животных. Лучше всего здесь себя чувствуют обезьяны (monkey). Можно встретить
дикобразов (porcupine), медведей и опоссумов (opossum). Броненосцы (armadillo)
достигают в длину почти 2 метра, муравьеды (ant-eater) - до 3 метров. Они, и ещѐ
ягуары - это главные хищники сельвы (selva). Сельвой называют периодически
затопляемый (inundated) тропический влажный лес. Много в амазонских лесах
лягушек (frog), ящериц (lizard) и змей (snake). Широко известна самая гигантская
змея Земли - водяная анаконда (anaconda), достигающая 11 метров в длину. Ещѐ
более многочисленны (numerous) различные виды птиц (bird), насекомых (insect),
пауков (spider), разнообразных по величине (size) и окраске (colouring): красавицыбабочки с размахом (wing-spread) крыльев 30 см, пауки, пожирающие (to gobble up)
колибри (humming-bird), жуки-фонари (beatle-torch), при свете которых можно
читать. После захода солнца (sunset) появляются тучи москитов (mosquito), от
которых не спасают никакие обычные средства защиты (protection frame). Да, для
натуралиста лес Амазонии - это сказочная страна.
6.
В непроходимых (impassable) лесах Амазонии совсем недавно учѐные
обнаружили племя индейцев асурини (asurini), ещѐ неизвестное науке. Также они
посетили последних представителей вымирающего индейского племени ваиваи
54
(waiwai), живущего обособленно (in isolation, solitarily) и до сих пор верного своим
древним обычаям. Около 100 лет назад к северу от Амазонки жили многие десятки
индейских племѐн, которые насчитывали сотни тысяч человек. Теперь же во всей
этой местности осталось лишь несколько племѐн, численность (number) которых
катастрофически падает. Этот процесс не остановить.
UNIT FOUR. COUNTRIES
HOW TO TIP IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Assignment: Read the following text, translate it and do the task below. What is
your personal attitude to tipping? Is it a wide-spread practice in Russia?
If you're travelling overseas on holiday this summer, the preparations may already
seem overwhelming - so the last thing you're likely to worry about is tipping. You could
regret that, however, once you're sitting in the back of a taxi, wondering how much to tip,
if at all. In India, for example, you could have saved yourself a headache by finding out
beforehand that you should round the taxi fare up to the next 10 rupees and give porters 10
rupees a bag; if the concierge got you your taxi on your way out to dinner, he would
appreciate five rupees; and at dinner it's appropriate to tip 10% of the bill, unless a service
charge is included.
Tipping in developing countries and Asia is perhaps the most confusing. Not only
do customs vary hugely, but there are often ethical and cultural factors to consider. Keen
to avoid an awkward situation, many tourists will be generous. However, this strategy
might not be as acceptable as you would think. In many cultures, for example particularly
in Asian and Pacific countries such as Japan, tipping is actually perceived as an insult.
You could even end up breaking the law - in Vietnam, tipping is illegal.
At the other end of the spectrum are countries where tipping is a way of life. The
first word many travellers to Egypt learn is baksheesh (tip), and anyone dealing with
helping tourists will expect a small tip, say, 5 or 10%.
When travelling in Europe, it's easy to assume tipping customs will be the same
everywhere. But this isn't necessarily so. Take restaurants. Some include service charges;
others don't.
55
Even if there is a service charge, you may be expected to tip a little extra. In
Denmark, tipping isn't expected in restaurants at all. In Belgium, Finland, Hungary,
Iceland, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden, you should tip 10%, but only if there's no service
charge. In Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Spain, and Ukraine, you should tip 5% to 10%, even if there's a service
charge.
Write T (true) or F (false).
1 It's a good idea for tourists to find out about tipping before leaving home.
2 In India, you should tip a porter 10 rupees for carrying your bags.
3 If you are not sure how much to give, be generous.
4 Tipping is more or less the same in European countries.
5 Which piece of advice about tipping was the most surprising to you?
6 Which country in the article seems most like your country in terms of tipping?
MOST FREQUENTLY-VISITED COUNTRIES
Assignment: Compare the information given by two different independent sources.
Make up your own list and motivate your choice.
THE COUNTRIES WHICH ARE MOST FREQUENTLY-VISITED BY THE
RUSSIANS
(according to RBK statistics)
Turkey
Egypt
Greece
Spain
Italy
The Czech Republic
Russia
THE COUNTRIES WHICH ARE MOST FREQUENTLY-VISITED BY THE
56
CITIZENS OF NIZNIY TAGIL
(according to the statistics of THE FOUR SEASONS tourist agency, N.T.)
Turkey
Egypt
The Czech Republic
France
Thailand
Scandinavian countries
Assignment: Render the following information into English. If you were to choose
where to spend a Christmas vacation, which of the following variants would you choose?
Make a personal choice and explain it. Add some information that you have about the place
chosen as your future destination.
РОЖДЕСТВЕНСКИЕ КАНИКУЛЫ
Зима – отличное время для путешествий. Она даѐт простор для фантазий, что не
сразу можешь выбрать: насладиться снегом или кусочком лета.
1.
Карибы (Caribes). По Карибскому морю (Carribean Sea) принято кататься
на американских лайнерах, но есть отличная альтернатива американским круизам –
путешествие с итальянскими компаниями. На них царит итальянский дух:
приплясывающие (hopping) повара, круглосуточная пицца, ночные оперетты, палубы
с названиями опер и итальянских городов. Зимой корабли отправляются из
флоридского Форта Лаудердейл (Fort Lowderdale) по маршрутам, которые звучат как
серенада (serenade): Ки-Уэст (Ki-West), Мексика (Mexica), Ямайка (Jamaica), ПуэртоРико (Puerto-Rico), Каталина (Katalina), Доминика (Dominica), Багамы (Bahamas)…….
2.
Суздаль (Suzdal). Прелестный русский городок, где время остановилось.
Приличные гостиницы, шикарные рестораны, туристический сервис. Мягкие холмы,
десятки куполов (cupola), стены и башни (tower) монастырей, маленькие домики – всѐ
это хранит свои вековые тайны, полные обаяния. Не удивляйтесь, если вместо такси
за вами приедет запряженная (harnessed) в сани (sledge) лошадка. Также не
57
удивляйтесь, если в монастырской избе турцентра вы найдѐте роскошную ванную.
Просто Суздаль - сказочный город.
3.
Испанские Пиренеи (Pyrenees). В Пиренеях лучшие горнолыжные места
находятся в Испании. Берет (Berett) - любимый курорт испанского короля Хуана
Карлоса (Juan Carlos), который даже дом себе построил недалеко от подъѐмников
(funiculor, bubble). Благодаря атлантическому климату здесь отличный снег и
длинный сезон катания (riding, driving). Единый
(common) ски-пасс (ski-pass)
действует на трѐх станциях: Бакейра (Bakaira), Берет (Berett) и Бонайгуа (Bonaigua).
Здесь есть трассы (route) всех уровней, зоны для сноуборда и любых лыж. Долина
уникальна и в культурном отношении: это остаток (remains) средневековья, где всѐ
ещѐ действуют некоторые законы 1265 года, звучит язык «ок» (ok), на котором
слагали стихи трубадуры (troubadours) Окситании (Oxitany). В долине сохранились
старинные романские церкви и местные древние традиции.
4.
Лондон. В Лондоне хорошо всегда, даже зимой. Зимой работают все
музеи и театры, кипит уличная жизнь: у столиков пабов горят газовые горелки
(burner), и рядом с ними совсем не холодно. В Гайд-парке (Hyde Park) на бархатных
(velvet) газонах (lawn) лежат красные листья, белки (squirrel) выпрашивают орешки. В
Риджент-парке (Rigent Park) гуляют пеликаны (pelican) и толстые утки. На каждом
подоконнике (window-sill) разноцветные анютины глазки (pansy), цветок, с помощью
которого англичане признаются в любви (make a love confession). Зима в Лондоне –
это лучшее время для шоппинга, т.к. после Рождества наступает сезон распродаж.
5.
Остров Борнео (Borneo). Есть ли на свете место, более таинственное, чем
остров Борнео? Его покрывают непроходимые (impassable) джунгли, в которых
водятся
орангутанги
(orang-outang),
длинноносые
обезьяны,
птицы-носороги
(rhinoceros) размером как средней руки истребитель (pursuit plane). Чтобы увидеть всѐ
это, нужно отправиться в Малайзию (Malaysia), в штат Сабах (Saba), в столицу штата
Кота-Кинабалу (Kota Kinabalu). Один из лучших здешних отелей - Nexus, в переводе
«цапля» (heron), стоит на длинном полуострове и занимает огромную территорию с
собственным семикилометовым пляжем и джунглями.
58
6.
Египет. Лучшее место для морского отдыха и подводного плавания -
Синайский полуостров (Sinai), курорт Шарм-эль-Шейх (Sharm-El Sheikh). У его
берегов есть спокойные места для новичков и сложные участки для опытных
дайверов, течения для подводных «полѐтов», отвесные (vertical) стенки рифов,
коралловые сады и затонувшие корабли. Здесь интересно погружаться и философски
настроенным
людям,
и
любителям
экстрима.
Пейзажи
Синая
отличаются
минимализмом: синее море, жѐлтый песок, коричневые горы, которые на закате
(sunset) становятся лиловыми (lilac). Это потрясающее обрамление (frame) для
роскошных отелей. Центр ночной жизни - бухта Наама (Naama Bay), где есть
дискотеки и казино, бары с кальянами (hookah) и сувенирные лавки.
7.
Финляндия. В Финляндии можно замечательно провести зимние
каникулы: катание на лыжах чередовать с походами в аквапарк, общение с северными
оленями - с весѐлыми дискотеками. При этом не забывать про финскую баню (sauna),
пироги, лососину (salmon flash) и прочие вкусности (tasty things). Из всей Финляндии
для зимнего отдыха стоит выбрать Лапландию (Lapland) - провинцию Лаппи (Lappi)
со столицей Рованиеми (Rovaniemi). Очень романтично….
8.
Канада. Ванкувер (Vancouver) – самый красивый канадский город, а
Вистлер (Wistler) - это лучший горнолыжный курорт в ста километрах от него. Снег в
Вистлере пушистый и нежный, а трассы проходят среди огромных сосен (pine-tree).
Здесь три ледника (glacier) и перепад (overfall) высот в полтора километра. В Канаде
горнолыжники могут найти самые экстремальные спуски (lowering). Для этого
существует вертолѐтная (helicopter) служба. Вертолѐт забрасывает лыжников на
вершину, и они мчатся (rush) вниз.
9.
Кения (Kenya). Озеро Накуру (Nakuru) – дом для тысяч розовых фламинго
(flamingo). В саванне (savannah) на территории национального парка Масаи Мара
(Masai Mirra) живут леопарды, львы, белые и чѐрные носороги, жирафы (giraffe) и
слоны. В заповеднике (forest reserve) Амбоселли (Amboselli) картины жизни
животных
разворачиваются
в
величественных
декорациях
на
фоне
горы
Килиманджаро (Mount Kilimanjaro). И все эти невероятные виды можно наблюдать в
национальных парках Кении. Здесь есть особые отели - Tree Hotels, устроенные
59
специально для любителей природы. Они стоят именно в тех местах, где всегда
встречается много диких животных.
10.
Тенерифе (Tenerife). На этом острове главное - выбрать правильное место,
если вы хотите попасть в Европу, потому что курорты Лас Америкас (Las Americas) и
Лос Кристианос (Los Cristianos) - это сплошной макдональдс. Европа - это на севере
острова, в городе Пуэрто-де-ла-Крус (Puerto-de-la-Cruz). Там ещѐ витает дух (be in the
clouds) патриархальности (patriarchal character), сохраняются пасторальные (pastoral)
сюжеты в пастельных (pastel) тонах (shades). Там на пляже Жарден (Jarden) на чѐрном
вулканическом (volcanic) песке растут пальмы (palm), в деревне Пунта-Брава (PuntaBrava) ресторанчики нависают (hang over) прямо над водой. В Пуэрто зимой большие
волны, и туда приезжают любители серфинга. А ещѐ там постоянный ветер и
отличные условия для парапланеристов (glider pilot), которые берут старт на вершине
Тейде (Teide).
LINGUISTIC MIXTURE
HYBRID SPEECH OF DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
LINGVA FRANCA
Part One
Assignment: There is a mixture of languages (French, German, Latin, Italian
and Spanish) in the following dialogue. Find appropriate English
equivalents for the italicized words:
Bob: Hello, there!
Anne: Good morning, Docteur. Ca va? It is a rarissima to meet
someone familiar in such a cosmopolis. Wow, you look very
eleganza.
Bob: You are such a coquette, Anne. I am not a Docteur yet, I
am still a medical student, a dilettante. How is your life going
on in this new place?
Anne: Comme il faut. Da bin ich zu Hause. I absolument love
this city.
I
60
Bob: As for me, I miss my home town.
/
Anne: Oh, Dieu preserve, stop this drama lirico. There is such a
diapason of options. And we are dans la force de I’age.
Bob: No, I am tired of corrida against circumstances.
Anne: Cur? Life is a divina comedia.
Bob: No, life is a dialogue cum diabolo. It is full of contradictio.
Anne: Du hast the wrong attitude. Of course life is not tranquilizza and dolce,
but it is interesting and full of surprises. Desideratum to change your attitude.
Disposez de moi, I can help you.
Bob: Danke schon. But quibus auxilus?
Expressions:
I’d like you to (it is desirable); contradictions; absolutely; gentle; divine
comedy; doctor; quiet; you are flirting; God save me; why?; a talk with the Devil; a
rare thing; a choice; you can use me in this aspect; fight; I feel quite at home here;
elegant; a big city; you have got; beginner; pathos; it’s all right; how are you?; in the
prime of life, how? (in what way? In what manner?).
Part Two
Assignment: Read the second cosmopolitan dialogue and replace lingua franca - a
mixture of languages (Italian, French, Latin, Spanish, German, Greek) by the English
equivalents:
-
Ave, camarada!
-
Salut, Mary. Terra eas piccolo.
-
Quo vadis? A Academia?
-
Non, to Pele-Mele. I have a rendes-vous at the tratoria there.
-
Femina bella?
-
Oh, yes, grandiosa. Bellissima! A propos, how are you, Mary?
-
Mezzo. Married seconda volta.
-
O la-la, o la-la. But it is not absurdo or criminis. We all commit errata.
61
-
I know. Mein ex-lieber was such a bestia! A Diablo! He had an adultere with
his secretary. And I thought: Basta!
-
Ach Herr Gott, ach Herr Gott. It is abnormitat, of course.
-
But I am happy presentement, I have a new admirateur. A contrarie to my ex
he is very gute.
-
What about your enfant prodigy?
-
She is with my padre momento. They are at muo oncle au Paris.
-
How is he?
-
He is OK, but his hair is albino complitement.
-
Poor old ragazzo.
-
Mon cher, you are a bel esprit, as usual, aren‟t you?
-
No, the crisis has made it hard vita for me. Diabolique!
-
Oh, s‟il vous plait, don‟t be so furioso.
-
Pardonnez-moi.
-
Well, why not have a chat at my place some day?
-
Tete-a-tete? Over a bottle of aqua vitae?
-
It is not a lapsus linguae, is it? You know, I don‟t take alcohol.
-
A capriccio. No problemas. We‟ll just sit and parole.
-
All right. I‟ll give you a call. I am a little adagio, So I must accelerando.
-
Agreed. Adieu!
-
Vaya con dias.
EXPRESSIONS:
Hi; where are you going; super; a bottle of vodka; pal; no, I am not; date; admirer;
hello; very beautiful; mistakes; my uncle; it is a small world; to the academy; now; PallMall; for the second time; to hell with him; face-to-face; hurry; is the girl beautiful; oh, my
God; talented child; life; as you like; no problem; so-so; absurd and criminal; father; chap;
mu ex-boy-friend; abnormal; furious; bye-bye; by the way; wow; bastard; good; slow; a
love affair; white; in; restaurant; on the contrary; my dear; damn; talk; please; that‟s enough;
slip of the tongue; may God go with you; in good spirit; I am sorry; at this moment.
МОРСКАЯ БОЛЕНЬ
62
Assignment: Render the following text into English using a dictionary. Get ready to
give recommendations to those who suffer from sea-sickness.
Альберт Эйнштейн (Albert Einstein) признавался, что морскую болезнь у него
вызывают люди, а не море. К сожалению, наука ещѐ не нашла лекарства от этого
недуга.
Кажущаяся
пустяком
морская
болезнь
способна
«уложить»
даже
стокилограммового здоровяка.
Морская болезнь, по-научному - «кинетоз» - весьма распространѐнная. Она не
передаѐтся по наследству, ею нельзя заразиться, но первое упоминание о ней можно
найти в трудах Гиппократа. Современного путешественника может укачать и в
самолѐте, и в поезде, в автомобиле, и даже на верблюде. Раньше считалось, что
морская болезнь - это форма расстройства нервной системы. Вот некоторые признаки:
головная боль, слабость, сонливость, тошнота, головокружение, неспособность стоять
на ногах, отсутствие аппетита, поверхностное дыхание, замедление пульса.
Что происходит на воде с твоим в принципе здоровым организмом на суше?
Организм начинает паниковать! Сопротивляясь качке, организм тебя шантажирует.
Морская болезнь - это лишь иллюзия человеческого разума, но с вполне реальными
последствиями.
Учѐные придумывают разнообразные средства против укачивания: инъекции
раствора питьевой соли, специальные очки с двойными стѐклами, между которыми
плавает «волшебная» жидкость. Обманывая мозг, очки создают видимость горизонта
и практически исключают возникновение морской болезни. Другой вариант восточные браслеты, стимулирующие определѐнную точку запястья.
Чтобы твоѐ путешествие было приятным, следуй главному принципу: лучшее
лечение - это профилактика болезни. Укрепляй свой вестибулярный аппарат Если же
морская болезнь застала тебя врасплох, придѐтся реабилитироваться «на месте». В
автотранспорте садись ближе к водителю, во время полѐта - в середину салона. В
морском путешествии выбирай каюту посередине корабля.
При
первых
приступах
слабости
постарайся
принять
горизонтальное
положение, расслабиться. Не смотри на раскачивающиеся предметы и не кури. Завари
мятный отвар или морс из смородины. Добавь имбирь. Повтирай в уши мандариновое
63
масло. В фармацевтике есть более двух десятков препаратов, обещающих облегчить
переносимость морской болезни.
Самый верный способ уберечься от адских симптомов морской болезни элементарное самовнушение. Вспомни самые приятные моменты в жизни, помечтай о
счастливом будущем. Смело надевай маску уверенности, бери морскую болезнь
обманом. И тогда ты станешь одним из тех, кому плавание по бескрайним морским
просторам или катание на верблюде подарит только радостные впечатления.
TOURISM ACTIVITIES
Assignment: Using the information in the table, compare mass tourism and niche
tourism and make an accent on the peculiarities and examples of the latter.
MASS TOURISM
NICHE TOURISM
(conventional tourism involving
(special interests, culture,and/or activity-based tourism
ge numbers of tourists)
involving a small number of tourists in authentic settings)
MICRO-NICHES
Cultural
Environmenta
Rural
Urban
Others
Nature
Farms/barns
Business
Photo
Camping
Conference
l
Heritage
Tribal
and
wildlife
Religious
Ecotourism
Wine/gastronomy
Exhibition
Educational
Adventure
Sport
Sport
Genealogy
Alpine
Festivals
Research
Geotourism
Coastal
events
and
graphic
Small
cruise
Gallery
Art
Volun
teer
Arts and crafts
Dark
Youth
Trans
port
`
Assignment: Fill in the information, concerning your home town.
64
Population:
Important history dates:
Tourist attractions:
Transport service:
Accommodation:
Travel agents:
The most frequently-visited districts:
The most spread reasons to visit:
Assignment: Learn the names of the countries and their capitals. Continue with the
list.
COUNTRY
CAPITAL
AUSTRIA
VIEN
BELGIUM
BRUSSELS
BULGARIA
SOFIA
GREAT BRITAIN
LONDON
HUNGARY
BUDAPEST
GERMANY
BERLIN
GREECE
ATHENS
SPAIN
MADRID
ITALY
ROME
NETHERLANDS
AMSTERDAM
NORWAY
OSLO
PORTUGAL
LISSABON
FINLAND
HELSINKI
FRANCE
PARIS
SWITZERLAND
BERN
VIETNAM
HANOI
ISRAEL
JERUSALEM
INDIA
DEHLI
65
IRAQ
BAGHDAD
IRAN
TEHRAN
CYPRUS
NICOSIA
CHINA
BEIJIN
MALAYSIA
KUALA LUMPUR
UAE
DUBAI
SAUDI ARABIA
ER RYAD
USA
WASHINGTON
ARGENTINA
BUENOS AIRES
CUBA
HAVANA
NEW ZELAND
WELLINGTON
JAMAICA
KINGSTON
CANADA
OTTAWA
AUSTRALIA
CANBERRA
POLAND
WARSAW
IRELAND
DUBLIN
INDONESIA
JAKARTA
DENMARK
COPENHAGEN
CROATIA
ZAGREB
SOUTH KOREA
SEOUL
MONTENEGRO
PODGORICA
SWEDEN
STOCKHOLM
Assignment: Render the following text into English and choose the varient which
suits you best.
СВАДЕБНОЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ
Как сделать незабываемым (unforgettable) свадебное путешествие, чтобы даже
внуки и правнуки, родившиеся «в результате» той самой свадьбы, спустя многие
годы (many years after) восторженно (enthusiastically) разглядывали семейный
альбом? Если в свадебном обряде (wedding ceremony) требуется некоторое
66
следование традициям, то к маршруту последующего медового путешествия
(honeymoon trip) следует добавить немного фантазии: мир велик и разнообразен!
США, Диснейленд
Где остановиться. На территории диснеевских (Disney) парков расположено
множество отличных отелей, интерьер которых выдержан а «мультяшном» (cartoon)
стиле. Только цены «взрослые» - не меньше $100 за ночь, да и то если вам повезет.
Будучи во Флориде, лучше остановиться в городке Киссими (Kissimi), где
множество уютных и недорогих мотелей (помимо прочего в Киссими устраивают
отличное родео). Входной билет (entrance permit, entrance ticket) в парк на день стоит
около $50, и он включает в себя посещение всех аттракционов (attraction, side-show).
Достопримечательности. Дисней-мир Флориды многообразен - сказочный
парк “Magic Kingdom”, познавательный “Ерсоt”, где представлены все страны мира),
аквапарк, кинопарк “МGМ”, а также тематические парки, посвященные спорту и животному миру. Уставшим от ярких неоновых красок флоридских парков лучше взять
машину напрокат (to rent a car) и отправиться в Кей Вест. Там будет совсем другая
романтика - пиратское прошлое, теплое море и красивые пляжи. И Куба совсем
рядом.
Кухня (Cuisine). В тематических парках отлично готовят, здесь можно найти
национальные кухни всех стран мира - от изысканных (refined, exquisite) французских до сытных (substantial) и простых американских, включая японскую
экзотику.
Дания
Где остановиться. Самый знаменитый отель Копенгагена (Copenhagen) и один
из самых респектабельных отелей мира - пятизвездочный “Hotel d‟Angleterre”
(Kogens Nytrov, 34). Сутки (24 hours, day and night) в отеле обойдутся от 225 до 400
евро. Во всей остальной Дании отели проще и дешевле, но все же проживание в них
процентов на 20 дороже, чем, например, в соседней Германии.
Достопримечательности. В Копенгагене обязательно надо будет взять
напрокат два велосипеда и обьеэдить все достопримечательности - по крайней мере,
местные молодожены поступили бы именно так. Велосипед - король датских
(Danish) дорог. По остальной Дании перемещаться лучше всего на взятом напрокат
67
автомобиле. Непременно следует отметиться в дизайнерском городке Холстебро
(Holsterbogh), парке развлечений "Леголэнд" (Legoland), прелестной деревеньке
Эбельторф (Abeltorff), андерсеновском Оденсе (Odense), гамлетовском Эльсиноре
(Elsinor).
Кухня. Главный аттракцион датской кухни - сложносочиненный (complicated)
бутерброд смѐрребред (smörrebread), который подается в пабах. недорогих закусочных (snackbar) и специальных «смѐрребредных» (smörrebread house). Фигурно
вырезанные (figuredly-cut) ингредиенты в самых смелых сочетаниях выкладываются
(to spread out) на кусочек ржаного (rye) хлеба. Говорят, чтобы научиться готовить
правильный смерребред, надо потратить несколько лет. Вина датчане почти не пьют,
зато по части пива обладают большим опытом. Запомните пароль: «Туборг». Или,
как
вариант,
«Карлсберг».
Сицилия (Sicily)
Где остановиться. В Палермо (Palermo), сицилийской столице, цены
на отели начинаются от 800 евро за 7-10 дней в неплохой трехзвездочной
гостинице. В сезон (июль-август) стоимость возрастает на 200-300 евро.
Выбор отелей достаточно богатый, но следует иметь в виду (to keep in
one‟s mind, to mind), что даже в самых роскошных (posh) гостиницах
случается комнатное воровство (room theft). Очень дорого стоит проезд в
такси (из аэропорта до центра - не меньше 50 евро в один конец (one way).
Рестораны, отели, покупки, железнодорожные билеты - в разумных
пределах (within reasonable limits). Как и везде в Италии, билеты для
проезда в городском транспорте надо покупать в табачных киосках
(tobacco stand, tobacco stall).
Достопримечательности. Красные купола (cupola, dome) храмов
Палермо, яркие мозаики (mosaic) Монреале (Montreale), величественные
развалины (majestic ruins) Агридженто (Agrigento), прелестные домики
Чефалу (Cefalu). Не забудьте про Этну (Etna) - правда, подниматься к его
вершине без проводника (guide) не следует.
Кухня. Свежая рыба-меч (sword), паста (pasta) всех сортов со
всевозможными соусами и кассата (kassata) - десерт с рикоттой (ricotta) и
68
цукатами (canded fruit) - обычное меню сицилийцев. Поскольку медовый
месяц обязан быть сладким не только в переносном (figurative), но и в
самом прямом смысле, обязательно ежедневно пробуйте новые сорта
мороженого
и
марципановые
фрукты
(marchpane,
marzipan).
Это
настоящая гордость сицилийских кондитеров (confectioner, pastry-cook).
Индия
Где остановиться. Самый популярный маршрут для путешественников - это поездка из Дели (Deli) в Агру (Agra) с последующим
прибытием в Джайпур (Jaipour). Брать машину напрокат в Индии
небезопасно. На курорте Гоа (Goa) можно порекомендовать отель Majorca
Beach Resort, при котором отличный аюрведический (Ayurvedic medicine)
центр (восемь ночей обойдутся в $805 за двухместный номер). Сувениры,
услуги гидов, еда и номера в отелях стоят недорого, но цены на шерстяные шали (woolen shawl) шелковые платки (kerchief) или ковры могут
оказаться чрезмерными (excessive). Не забывайте торговаться (bargain)!
Достопримечательности. Мечети (mosque) в Дели, Тадж-Махал (Taj
Mahal) в Агре, Дворец Ветров в Джайпуре, широченные пляжи и
католические соборы в Гоа. Индуистские (Hindu) храмы, уличные
святилища (sanctuary) Ганеши (Ganeshi), а также раскрашенные цветными
мелками слоны и дикие черномордые (muzzle, snout) обезьяны будут
встречаться повсюду.
Кухня. Индийская кухня - самая острая (spicy) в мире. Об этом стоит
помнить, прежде чем сделать заказ (make an order). Гид наверняка
порекомендует вегетарианское блюдо «малай кофта» (malai kofta),
цыпленка (chiken), зажаренного (to fry; to roast, to broil; to grill), и сикхский
(Sikh) кебаб из баранины (mutton kebab). К столу индусы подают сухие
лепешки (cookie) - хлеб из кислого теста (sour dough) с брынзой (brynza) и
чесноком (garlic), Молодоженам (married couple) обязательно надо
попробовать медовые шарики (honeyed small ball), зажаренные в масле
(fried in butter), и сладкий кефир (kefir) с фруктовым вкусом.
69
Лазурный Берег (Cōte d’Azur)
Где остановиться. Свободным в средствах молодоженам рекомендуем отель “Negresco” в Ницце (Nice), на знаменитом Английском
бульваре (boulevard). Частный пляж, доставка вертолетом, лимузины...
Цены от 315 евро за обычный двухместный номер. Есть варианты куда
более щадящие (merciful), с помощью Интернета или толкового турагента
можно с легкостью отыскать подходящий отель. Вообще, медовый месяц
на Лазурном Берегу может оказаться не слишком дорогим удовольствием.
Важно не хвататься (to catch at) за первое же предложение.
Достопримечательности. Здесь они на каждом шагу, начиная от
парфюмерной фабрики в Грасе (Grasse). Проведя несколько дней в Ницце,
можно отправиться в автомобильное путешествие в Монако или Сан-Ремо
(San Remo). Особо непоседливые (fidgety, restless) молодожены могут доехать до самого Марселя (Marseilles) с остановками в Антибе (Antibe), СенТропе (Saint-Troppe), Грасе и Каннах (Cannes).
Кухня. Французская - и этим все сказано! В Ницце свежие толстые
устрицы (oyster), по всему побережью - рыбный суп, который сервируют
как раз на две персоны... Кроме того, в любом ресторанчике Лазурного
Берега гостей ждет ароматное вино Прованса (Provence).
THE PEARLY BEACH
by Lord Dunsany
Assignment: Read and translate the following text. What do you think its
main and supportive ideas are?
We could not remember, any of us at the club, who it was that first
invented the twopenny stamp on checks. There were eight or nine of us there,
and not one of us could put a name to him. Of course a lot of us knew, but we'd
all forgotten it. And that started us talking of the tricks memory plays. Some
said memory didn't matter so much; some said it was looking forward that
mattered most in business, or even watching closely what was going on around
70
you now. And at that Jorkens stepped in. No, memory was the thing, he said; he
could have made more by a good steady memory than by any amount of
looking into the future.
“I don‟t see how that could be”, said a stockbroker, who had just bought
Jaffirs at 62, on pretty god information that they would go to 75. As a matter of
fact they went to 59.
But Jorkens stuck to his point. “With a good allround memory I could
have made millions.” “But how?" asked the stockbroker.
"Well, it was this way”, said Jorkens. “ I had a rather nice pearle in a
tiepin. And things weren‟t quite going the way I liked, financially, I mean.
Well
to
I
to
decided
cut
hock
my
a
pearl
long
I
remember
story
waiting
short,
till
it
was
dark one winter's evening, so as to get to the pawn-shopdecently unobserved.
And I went in and unscrewed the pearl off its pin, abd saw it no more. That put
my financial position on a sound basis again; but I came out a little what you
call ruefully, and I suppose my face must have shown it, as I was sticking back
what was left of my gold pin into my tie. Funny how anyone could have noticed
all that, but I have observed that when people are a little bit drunk they
sometimes do. Anuway, there was a tall man leaning against the wall, a man I
had never seen before in my life, and he looked at me in a lazy sort on way, not
troubling to move his head, only his eyes, and even them he seemed barely
troubling to turn and keep open, and he said, “You want to go to Carrapaccas
beach. That‟s where you want to go.” And he gave me the latitude and
longitude. “Pearls to be had for the gathering there,” he said.
"And I asked him what he meant, why he spoke to me. I asked him all
kinds of things. But all he would say was, 'You go to Carrappas beach,' not even
giving it the same name the second time.
"Well, I jotted the latitude and longitude down on my shirt cuff, and I
thought the thing over a lot. And the first thing I saw as I thought things over
was that the man was perfectly genuine; he had probably had this secret for
71
years, and then one day he had had a drop too much, and had blurted the thing
out. You may say what you like against drink, but you don't find a man to tell
you a thing like that, just because he's sorry for you for losing a pearl, when he's
sober. And mind you the Carrappas beaches, or whatever he called them, were
there. The longitude was a long way east, and the latitude a lot south, and I
started one day from London, heading for Aden. Did I tell you all this was in
London? No place like it for starting on journeys. Well, I started from London
and came again to Aden. I had a very curious romance there once.
"So I came to Aden and began looking about. What I was looking for was
three sailors; I fancied we could do with that; and one of those queer small boats
with green keels. Sails, of course. Well, I found two sailors, just the men I was
looking for. One was named Bill, and the other the Portugee, though both
looked English to me so far as I could tell. And they could get another man who
was a half-wit, who they said would do very well. The beauty of that was that
only two had to be in it. I told them at once it was something to do with
treasure, and they said that the third hand could be left on board when the rest of
us went ashore, and would be quite happy singing a song that he sang. I never
knew what his name was; Bill and the Portugee used just to shout at him, and he
would always answer. His home was Aden; I never learned where the other two
came from. Well, I told Bill the latitude and the longitude, and we slipped out in
a tiny ship one morning from Aden, sailing toward India. And it was a long,
long time before we came to Carrappas beach, or whatever it was. And day after
day the sky was the same blistering blue, till sunset flamed in our faces, gazing
back over the stern, and there came every evening behind us the same outburst
of stars, and all the way the half-wit sang the same song; only the sea altered.
And at last we got there, as Bill had promised we would, a tiny bay with a white
beach shining, shut off by rocks from the rest of the coast, and from the inner
land by a cliff, a low cliff steep behind it. The little bay was no more than fifty
yards long. We cast anchor then, and I swam ashore with Bill and the Portugee,
and the third hand sat on the deck singing his song. All that the drunken man
72
had said was more than true. I hardly like to call him drunken, when I think
what he did for me, all out of pure kindness. But you know what I mean; he had
had a few drinks and they had made him quick to notice things and quick to feel
for other people, and perfectly truthful; you know the old proverb. Probably,
too, the drinks had brightened his memory, even to tiny details like latitude and
longitude. I shall never forget the peculiar crunch as we walked. The pearls
were mostly the size of good, large peas, and seemed to go down to about six or
eight inches on to a hard gray sand; but to that depth of six or eight inches along
that fifty yards, and from the sea to the cliff, the beach was entirely composed
of them. From sea to cliff was about fifteen yards, so that if you multiply that by
fifty yards for the length, and by half a foot for the depth, you will see how
much that was of solid pearls. I haven't done the sum myself. They didn't go out
under the sea. It was nothing but dead oyster shells there. A funny little current
scooped around that bay. We could see it doing it still, though the shells were
all empty now; but once it must have idly gathered those pearls, and idly flung
them on to the little beach, and roamed away into the Indian Ocean beyond the
gaze of man. Well, of course there was nothing to do but to fill our pockets, and
we set about doing that, and it was a very curious thing - you may hardly
believe me -but it was all I could do to get Bill to fill one pocket. Of course we
had to swim back to the ship, which makes a reasonable explanation, but it
wasn't Bill's reason at all. It was simply a fear he had of growing too rich.
'What's it worth?' he kept saying of his one pocketful; 'Over two hundred
thousand,' I said at a guess. 'Can't see the difference between two hundred
thousand and four hundred thousand,' Bill would say.
"'There's a lot of difference,' I'd tell him. "'Yes, when I've spent the two
hundred thousand, Bill would go on.
"And another thing he was very keen on, Bill seemed to
have read of men who had come by big fortunes; won lotteries
and
one
all
to
thing
pieces
and
another;
quickly,
and
and
according
Bill
was
73
to
Bill
frightened.
they
It
was
went
all
I could do to get him to fill the other pocket. The Portugee
was
quietly
filling
his,
but
with
an
uneasy
ear
taking
in
all
Bill's warnings. You know there was something a bit frightening about all that
wealth.
There
was
enough
of
it
to
have
financed a war, or to have ruined a good-sized country in almost any other way.
I
didn't
after
my
pearls
stay
pockets
run
more
were
through
full,
my
than
to
sit
fingers.
on
Then
a
the
we
few
beach
swam
minutes
and
let
the
back
to
the
ship. I said to Bill. 'What about one more load of pearls?' For
it
And
wit
seemed
the
a
pity
Portugee
stopped
his
not
to.
said,
'I
song
and
And
expect
got
up
Bill
said
that's
the
only,
best.'
anchor,
'Up
And
and
anchor.'
the
we
half
turned
homeward toward Aden.
"In little more than a fortnight we came to that cindery harbor, safe with
our pearls. And there we sold a few in a quiet way, without waking suspicion,
and paid the half-wit a thousand pounds for his wages, and went on to Port Said.
The three of us took cabins on a large ship bound for London in order to sell our
pearls, and late one evening we came into Port Said and were to sail on next
morning. By the time we'd paid off the half-wit and paid for our cabins we
hadn't much ready money left, but Bill said he knew how to get some. Bill had
gone pretty slow on drinks since he got the pearls, but gambling was a thing he
would never give up. 'We can afford it now,' he used to say, which is of course
what you never can do. So we went ashore at Port Said, and took our pearls
with us, as we'd none of us trust all that out of our sight. And we came to a
house Bill knew. Now, wasn't it a curious thing that Bill, who wouldn't trouble
to put another two hundred thousand pounds in his pocket, was keen as mustard
to make a hundred pounds or so in a Port Said gambling den? And it wasn't that
he'd altered his mind about his pocketfuls of pearls being enough: he was never
going back to that bay. Again and again I suggested it, but there was some sort
of terror about that little white beach of pearls that seemed to have got hold of
74
him.
"I wasn't keen on the gambling myself, but it seemed only friendly to
keep an eye on the other two. So I slipped a revolver into my pocket and came
with them. And I was probably drawn too by that feeling one used to have that,
if the name of Port Said should turn up in a conversation, one has seen all that
there is to see there. One liked to be able to say, if any particular den was
mentioned, 'Oh yes, I dropped fifty pounds there‟.'
"I dropped more than that”.
"Anyway we came to the house; and Bill and I and the Portugee went in;
and soon we were playing and winning. The stakes aren't high downstairs, and
you usually win there. In fact that downstairs room reminded me of a trail of
grain over grass leading up to a trap. Upstairs the stakes were much higher, and
upstairs we asked to go. A Greek ran the show downstairs, the sort of Greek you
might meet at night in the shadier parts :of Port Said and very often did. The
man upstairs was a Greek too, but not the kind that you would count on
meeting; he seemed worse than I'd been warned against. As we walked in he
looked at us, each in turn, and it was when he looked at you that his eyes
seemed to light up, and the blood seemed to pale in his face, and the man's
power and energy went to those eyes. 'High stakes,' he said.
"I nodded my head, and Bill and the Portugee began to babble something.
'Got the stuff?' snapped the Greek. "The man's style irritated me. I
suppose I lost my temper. Certainly Bill and the Portugee looked pretty angry at
the way he was speaking to us. I never answered a word to him. I merely
slipped a hand into my pocket and brought out a handful of pearls, all gleaming
in the ugly light of the room. And the Greek looked at them with his lips slowly
widening, for a long while before he spoke. And then he said, 'Pearls,' in quite a
funny small voice. And I was just going to say 'Yes'. It was like a page in a
book, like a page with a picture of a man in a clingy room with pearls in his
hand, just going to speak; you turn the page and come on something quite different, nothing to do with pearls, no room, and nobody speaking. Just silence
75
and open air. And then the voice of a man coming up out of deeps of silence,
saying the same thing over again, but with words that didn't as yet bring any
meaning. A long time passed like that. Then the words again and this time they
seemed to mean something, if only one steadied oneself and tried to think.
'He fainted in the street,' a man was saying.
"I was in a street right enough: I could see that as soon as I looked up.
And a man I had never seen before was saying that to a policeman. Fainted
indeed! There I was with a lump on my forehead the size of two eggs, not to
mention a taste in my mouth that I always get after chloroform." "And the
pearls?" blurted out the broker. "The pearls," said Jorkens, and a sad smile
shone for a moment.
"Men found unconscious at night in the streets of Port Said never have
pearls on them."
Jorkens remained shaking his head for a long time. "I suppose not," said
someone to break the silence and bring him back to his tale.
"No," said Jorkens.
And after a while, in a voice that seemed low with mourning for his few
weeks of fabulous wealth, Jorkens gave us what was left of his tale.
"I never saw Bill or the Portugee again. Living or dead I never found
trace of them. I took the policeman back to the house of the Greek, and was
easily able to identify it. The downstairs room was the same as ever and I
identified, the man who ran it, as soon as we were able to wake him up and get
him to come out of bed. What I couldn't do was to find the upstairs room, or
even the staircase that led to it. As far as I could see we went all over the house,
and I could neither say what had happened nor where it had happened, while the
Greek was swearing by all kinds of things, that to him and the policeman were
holy, that nothing had happened at all. How they had made the change I was
never able to see. So I just withdrew my charges, and gave the policeman
baksheesh and got back to the ship, and never saw any of my pearls again,
except one that got lost in the lining, or ever saw trace of the upstairs Greek. I
76
got the one pearl in the lining fitted onto my tiepin. Carrappas or Carrapaccas I
could not find on any map, and no one I questioned in twenty seaports had ever
heard of it either; so that one pearl in my tiepin was all I got out of the kindly
advice of the drunken man by the wall."
"But the latitude and the longitude," said Terbut.
"You see, that," said Jorkens, "was what I couldn't remember."
A BRIEF GUIDE AROUND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
СОЕДИНЁННОЕ КОРОЛЕВСТВО (the UK)
Площадь: 241752 кв км
Столица: Лондон (London)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: 92 графства (county) и округа (district),
85 независимых от графств городов
Население: 60 млн
Язык(и): английский, уэльский (Welsh), галльский (Gallic)
Валюта: фунт
Соединенное Королевство отделяется от материка Северным морем
(the North Sea) и проливом Ла-Манш (La Manche), английское название Английский канал (the English Channel) от европейского материка.
Соединенное Королевство объединяет основные территории Англии,
Шотландии, Уэльса, Северной Ирландии и некоторые близлежащие
(nearby) острова. Климат океанический (oceanic), температуры умеренные,
обильные осадки (abundant precipitation), неустойчивая погода. Население
составляют англичане, шотландцы, уэльсцы (валлийцы), переселенцы
(immigrants) из стран Британского Содружества (the British Commonwealth
of Nations). Коренное население (the indigenous, aboriginal population)
принадлежит
образования
к
протестантской
высокий
-
99%
церкви
(Protestantism).
населения
грамотно.
Уровень
Британские
университеты принадлежат к лучшим в мире. Элита нации обучается в 34
77
колледжах Оксбриджа (Oxbridge). Соединенное Королевство считается
одной из старейших демократий в мире. С 16 века страна имела статус
мировой державы благодаря внешним владениям (possessions) и большому
количеству колоний. Является родиной промышленной революции.
Политическая система страны основана на неписаном праве и отдельных
законодательных актах. Страна управляется двухпалатным парламентом.
Британская королева формально считается руководителем государства, но
еѐ вклад в политику незначителен.
Половина площади страны отведена под сельское хозяйство и
животноводство (cattle-breeding). В промышленной сфере занято только
20% населения страны, хотя 16 британских компаний входят в 25
важнейших предприятий Европы. Соединенное Королевство имеет нефть,
каменный уголь (coal) и природный газ. Инфраструктура представлена
сетью железных дорог, автомобильных дорог, 140 аэропортами (21 из
которых международный), морскими портами.
Соединенное Королевство обладает богатым культурным наследием
(heritage), в которое входят доисторические и средневековые памятники.
ИРЛАНДИЯ
Площадь: 70285 кв км
Столица: Дублин (Dublin)
Государственный строй: парламентская республика
Административное деление: 26 графств и 4 провинции
Население: 3.9 млн
Язык(и): гaэльский (Gaelic), английский
Валюта: евро
Остров в Атлантике, на северо-западе Европы. Прекрасный
умеренно-океанический климат. 94% населения – ирландцы (Irish),
остальные – англичане, шотландцы и евреи (Jews). Верующее население –
христиане, в основном – католики. В стране один из самых высоких
уровней рождаемости (birth rate) в Европе. Официальный язык –
78
ирландский (гэльский), но на нѐм говорят 5% жителей. С 12 века
Ирландия
находилась
во
власти
Великобритании. В
1921
году,
отказавшись от провинции Ольстер (Ulster) в пользу Великобритании,
Ирландия стала свободным государством. Страна имеет конституцию и
парламент из двух палат.
Ирландия производит цинк (zink). Другая важная отрасль экономики
- сельское хозяйство, животноводство. Велико значение сферы услуг.
Туризм - один из главных источников дохода Ирландии. Ирландия
получает четверть прямых инвестиций американских предпринимателей.
Член
Европейского
экономического
союза
(European
Economic
Community) и Европейского валютного союза (European Currency Union).
Инфраструктура представлена железной дорогой и 4 международными
аэропортами. Главное средство передвижения - автомобиль. В Ирландии
много значительных в культурно-историческом значении мест.
НОРВЕГИЯ
Площадь: 323877 кв км
Столица: Осло (Oslo)
Государственный строй: парламентская монархия
Административное деление: 19 провинций
Население: 4.5 млн
Язык(и): норвежский (Norwegian), лапландский (Lappis, Lapponian)
Валюта: норвежская крона (krone)
Территория Норвегии занимает запад Скандинавского полуострова
(peninsula). Внутренний ландшафт альпийский (alpine) и среднегористый
(medium-mountaneous). Климат мягкий благодаря близости Гольфстрима
(the Gulf Stream). На Земле нет другого столь северного места с таким
умеренным климатом.
96% населения – норвежцы (Norwegians), также в стране живут
датчане (Danes), шведы (Swedes), саамы (Lapps, Laplanders). Русские
составляют
более
половины
населения
79
островов
Шпицберген
(Spitsbergen), которые находятся под норвежской юрисдикцией.
Официальная религия – лютеранство (Lutheranism).
Уровень жизни населения высокий. 35% бюджета расходуется на
развитие социальной сферы и здравоохранение (public health service). Это
стало возможным, т.к. Норвегия занимает 2 место в мире по объѐму
экспорта нефти, став одной из самых богатых стран в мире. Для сельского
хозяйства пригодны только 3% площади страны. 50% продовольствия
Норвегия вынуждена импортировать.
Внешние
территории
Норвегии
-
Свальбард
(Svaldbard),
Шпицберген (Spitsbergen), Медвежий остров (Bear Island), необитаемый
Ян Майен (Jan Mayen Island), острова Буовета (Bvovette) и Петра I (Peter I
Island) в Южной Атлантике.
Политически Норвегия соблюдает категорический нейтралитет.
Является членом-основателем НАТО (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
Наследственная (hereditary) монархия имеет только представительские
функции. Законодательная власть принадлежит парламенту из 165
депутатов.
Норвегия
не
обладает
железнодорожной
сетью.
Имеется
2
международных аэропорта.
Туристов привлекают горнолыжные курорты (skiing resort), царство
ледников Фьярланд (Fiordland, Fjordland), а также старинные кварталы
(quarter, block) в культурном центре столицы.
ШВЕЦИЯ
Площадь: 449 964 кв км
Столица: Стокгольм (Stockholm)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: 24 территориальные зоны
Население: 8, 9 млн
Язык(и): шведский (Swedish), финский (Finnish)
Валюта: шведская крона (kronа)
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Швеция расположена в южной и восточной части Скандинавского
полуострова. Больше чем на половину покрыта лесом. К государственным
территориям относятся также острова Готланд (Gottland), Эланд (Öland),
Готска-Сандѐн
(Gotska-Sandĕn).
Климат
меняется
из-за
большой
протяженности страны с севера на юг. Лето может быть очень жарким,
зима - чрезвычайно холодной. 95% населения – шведы (Swedes). 83%
живут в городах. Официальная религия – лютеранство. Ведущими в мире
считаются социальная система и здравоохранение. В стране 30 высших
учебных заведений.
Для сельского хозяйства пригодны только 8% площади страны, но
это на 80% удовлетворяет еѐ собственные нужды. 72% населения занято в
высокоразвитой сфере услуг.
Железные дороги соединяют Швецию с соседними странами.
Швеция имеет 3 международных аэропорта.
Центры международного туризма – города Стокгольм (Stockholm)и
Мальмѐ (Malmö). Нетронутые ландшафты Северной Лапландии - мечта
любителей путешествий.
ДАНИЯ
Площадь: 43094 кв км
Столица: Копенгаген (Copenhagen)
Государственный строй: парламентская республика
Административное деление: 14 округов
Население: 5.38 млн
Язык(и): датский (Danish)
Валюта: датская крона (krone)
Территория лежит между Северным и Балтийским морями, занимает
полуостров Ютландия (Jutland) и 474 других острова, самый большой из
которых – Зеландия (Sjelland). 17 островов необитаемы. Основной
источник дохода островитян – рыболовство в открытом море. Дания
располагает одним из самых современных в мире рыболовных флотов
81
(fishing fleet) и крупными предприятиями по переработке рыбы (fish
processing). Климат умеренный. 86% населения – датчане (Danes).
Национальные меньшинства (national minorities) - шведы, норвежцы,
финны, немцы, эскимосы (Eskimo). 5% населения - переселенцы из других
стран, в основном – турки (Turks).
Современное развитое государство гарантирует датчанам высокие
стандарты социальных услуг, но вместе с тем высокие налоговые ставки
(tax rate). История датчан началась с появления в 800 г. викингов (vikings),
которые крепко держали в своих руках территории северного и
Балтийского морей.
Сегодня Дания - одна из богатейших аграрных стран Европы.
В обеих мировых войнах оставалась нейтральной.
Имеет однопалатный парламент. Глава государства - королева,
власть переходит по наследству (to devolve), выполняет представительские
функции.
Член Европейского союза.
К территории Дании относится Гренландия (Greenland), (на 80%
покрыта льдом) и Фарерские острова (Faeroes).
Дания высокоразвита в промышленном отношении, демонстрирует
непрерывный рост. Сеть государственных железных дорог обеспечивает
сообщение между материком и отдельными островами. Крупные острова
соединены мостами.
Наряду с курортными зонами и отличными морскими пляжами
главными центрами туризма считаются Копенгаген и Роскилле (Roskilde).
ФИНЛЯНДИЯ
Площадь: 338 144 кв км
Столица: Хельсинки (Helsinki)
Государственный строй: республика
Административное деление: 5 провинций и остров Аланд (Aland
82
Islands)
Население: 5.2 млн
Язык(и): финский, шведский
Валюта: евро
Малая плотность (density) населения. Десятую часть территории
Финляндии занимают озѐра, которые 5 месяцев в году покрыты льдом.
Выхода
к
Полярному
кругу
(Polar
Circle)
нет.
Субполярный
континентальный климат характеризуется тѐплым летом и холодной
снежной зимой.
93% населения - финны, кроме того, в стране живут лапландцы,
цыгане (gypsies), русские и эстонцы (Estonians). 86% финнов - евангелисты
(Evangelist).
Парламент однопалатный. Глава государства - президент.
Наиболее важные отрасли экономики -– металлообрабатывающая,
электронная, химическая, лесная и пищевая промышленность. На севере
Финляндии открыты обширные нефтяные и газовые месторождения
(deposits).
Член Европейского союза. Основатель Европейского валютного
союза.
Железнодорожная сеть развита. Многочисленные озѐра пересечены
мостами. Водные пути имеют большое значение для судоходства
(navigation, shipping).
Центры туризма - Аландские острова (Aland Islands) и Финская
озѐрная равнина с первозданными (primeval) природными ландшафтами. В
горах Хельсинки, Турку (Turku) и Тампере (Tampere) находятся
многочисленные культурные достопримечательности.
ИСЛАНДИЯ
Площадь: 103 000 кв км
Столица: Рейкьявик (Reykjavik)
Государственный строй: республика
83
Административное деление: 8 областей
Население: 280 800
Язык(и): исландский (Icelandic)
Валюта: исландская крона
Географически изолированный вулканический остров в Северной
Атлантике. Достигает северной окраины Полярного круга (Polar Circle).
Обитаемы (to inhabit) лишь некоторые участки морского побережья. Для
ландшафта острова характерны гигантские гейзеры, горячие источники,
обширные (vast) поля застывшей лавы (clinker) и вулканического пепла
(volcanic ashes). Более 11% территории острова покрыто ледниками
(glacier). Очень ветреная страна. Зима в Исландии длинная, лето короткое
и очень холодное. Снег может выпадать даже в июле.
99% жителей - исландцы, верующие, 96% из них - протестанты.
Большинство населения сконцентрировано в городах, в основном в
Рейкьявике. Внутренние районы страны не заселены. Здравоохранение и
социальная сфера относятся к одним из лучших в Европе.
Исландия
относится
к
членам-основателям
НАТО.
Своих
вооруженных сил не имеет.
Исландия живѐт рыболовством и рыбоперерабатывающей (fishprocessing) промышленностью. Страна располагает большими запасами
воды (water supply) и геотермической (geothermal) энергии.
Железной дороги нет. С некоторыми странами установлено
паромное (ferry) сообщение.
Все туристы попадают в самую северную столицу Земли через
единственный международный аэропорт Исландии, который находится за
городской чертой Рейкъявика. Исландия высоко цениться любителями
природы.
НИДЕРЛАНДЫ
Площадь: 41 800 кв км
Столица:
Амстердам
(Amsterdam);
84
Гаага
(the
Hague)
-
местопребывание парламента и правительства
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное
деление:
12
провинций,
2
заокеанских
(transoceanic) района
Население: 16,2 млн чел
Язык(и): нидерландский (голландский) (Dutch)
Валюта: евро
Климат океанический (oceanic). 96% - нидерландцы (the Dutch),
остальные – турки, немцы и марокканцы (the Moors). До нашей эры
территория была заселена (to occupy) германскими племенами, затем
завоѐвана (to conquer) Римом. В средние века (the Middle Ages) страна
стала ведущей торговой и морской державой (power). В 19 веке от
Нидерландов отделилась (to separate) южная провинция, нынешняя
Бельгия (Belgium). Нидерланды относятся к членам – основателям НАТО.
В Гааге находится резиденция Международного военного трибунала
(military tribunal). Важнейшая отрасль экономики - сфера услуг.
Нидерланды занимают третье место в мире по экспорту продуктов
сельского
хозяйства.
Переработкой
зерна
(grain)
занимаются
возвышающиеся (to tower) повсюду символы Нидерландов - ветряные
мельницы (windwill). Нидерланды – важнейший производитель отличных
сортов сыра, который составляет важную часть экспорта страны.
Традиционно важное место занимает рыболовство. Промышленный
сектор многосторонне развит.
БЕЛЬГИЯ
Площадь: 30 518 кв км
Столица: Брюссель (Brussels)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: 3 региона
Население: 10.3 млн чел
Язык(и): французский, фламандский (Flemish), немецкий
85
Валюта: евро
Население состоит из фламандцев (Fleming) и валлонов (Walloon).
На протяжении всей истории Бельгийская территория находилась под
чужеземным господством (foreign yoke):
испанским, австрийским,
французским, нидерландским. В 1831 г. Бельгия получила независимость
и учредила (to establish, to institute) конституцию. Глава государства король. В столице находятся штаб-квартиры (headquarters) НАТО и
Европейского союза. В сфере услуг производится 68% валового
национального продукта (GNP). Бельгия располагает самой густой
железнодорожной сетью в мире. Есть 5 международных аэропортов.
Туристов привлекают морские курорты и старинные города.
ЛЮКСЕМБУРГ
Площадь: 2586 кв км
Столица: Люксембург (Luxembourg)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: 3 дистрикта, 12 кантонов (canton)
Население: 454 157 чел
Язык(и): французский, немецкий, люксембургский
Валюта: евро
Герцогство (duchy) граничит (to border on) с Бельгией, Францией и
Германией. Каждый третий житель Великого Герцогства Люксембург
ведѐт своѐ происхождение (to take origin) от одной из европейских наций:
португальцев, итальянцев, французов, бельгийцев, немцев. Государство
возникло в 14 веке. Руководитель государства - Великий Герцог - обладает
широкими полномочиями (authority). Экономика зависит от внешней
торговли. В Люксембурге находится резиденция Европейской счѐтноревизионной палаты (counting-inspection commission) и штаб-квартиры
многих других европейских организаций. Замечательные природные
ландшафты
и
культурно-исторические
86
достопримечательности
составляют
главный
интерес
туристов.
Прекрасна
старая
часть
Люксембурга со своими соборами и замками эпохи Ренессанса.
ФРАНЦИЯ
Площадь: 543 965 кв км
Столица: Париж (Paris)
Государственный строй: парламентская республика
Административное деление: 22 региона, 96 департаментов, 9
зависимых территорий.
Население: 60,18 млн чел
Язык(и): французский, а также региональные языки (эльзасский
(Alsatian), бретонский (Breton), баскский (Basque), окцитанский (Oxitanian)
Валюта: евро
94% населения - французы; также проживают португальцы,
алжирцы (Algerian), марокканцы. Французская система образования
считается одной из лучших в мире. В 90 французских университетах
обучается будущая политическая и экономическая элита многих стран
мира. В древности территорию Франции населяли кельты (Celts), позже
она была завоѐвана Римом. Французское государство было основано в 500
году, но окончательно страна объединилась в 987 году. Из столетней
войны с Англией Франция вышла победительницей. Первая республика
была учреждена в 1792. В 1799 Наполеон Бонапарт (Napoleon) стал
первым консулом (consul) и установил военную диктатуру (garrison state,
stratocracy). В 1804 году Наполеон короновался (to crown) в императоры.
Он ввѐл действующий сегодня Гражданский кодекс (civil code). Его
великие военные походы сильно изменили карту Европы.
После Второй мировой войны Франция изменила своѐ развитие в
направлении от аграрного к современному индустриальному обществу.
Сегодня страна является членом Европейского экономического союза и
играет значительную роль в десятке ведущих индустриальных наций.
Франция является вторым в мире (после США) экспортѐром аграрной
87
продукции. Машиностроение и металлообработка - наиболее важные
отрасли
индустриального
железнодорожной
сети
-
сектора.
Гордость
высокоскоростной
поезд
французской
TGV.
Десять
международных аэропортов, густая сеть каналов, морские и паромные
порты. Франция получает высокие доходы от туризма. Любопытно, что
каждый француз ежегодно выпивает в среднем 63 литра вина; французы
предпочитают вина только высокого качества. Франция - одна из ведущих
винодельческих (wine-making) стран мира.
МОНАКО
Площадь: 1,95 кв км
Столица: Монако (Monaco)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: княжество (principality)
Население: 32 130 чел
Язык(и):
французский,
а
также
монегаскский
(Monegasque),
итальянский
Валюта: евро
Эта маленькая страна состоит из трѐх слившихся (to join)
административных округов (district) - городов: столица Монако, МонтеКарло (Monte Carlo) - казино, пляжи и Конгресс-центр) и Ла-Кондамин (La
Condomin), порт. В Монако средиземноморский климат прибрежной
полосы (riverside). Коренное население – монегаски (Monegasque).
Действует налоговая система, привлекательная для иностранцев.
Франция признала независимость княжества в 1489 году, но
экономический
союз
с
ней
предполагается.
Провозглашена
конституционная наследственная монархия, но если дворянский род (noble
family) Гримальди (Grimaldi), всегда правящий страной, когда-либо
прекратит своѐ существование, Монако вновь перейдѐт к Франции. С 1949
года страну и правящую династию возглавляет князь Ренье (prince Rennie),
который представляет Монако в отношениях с иностранными державами,
88
обладает правом подписывать и ратифицировать договоры. Высокие
доходы страны основаны на процветающем круглый год туризме,
операциях с недвижимостью и банковском деле. Ощутимый вклад
(considerable constribution) вносят мелкие и средние предприятия
перерабатывающей промышленности, производящие, главным образом,
косметику и электроприборы. Основные средства передвижения – миниавтобусы, омнибусы и такси. Пять общественных лифтов ведут наверх в
старый город, на улицах которого движение транспорта ограничено.
Монако
имеет
собственный
вокзал.
Международное
воздушное
сообщение возможно только через расположенный недалеко аэропорт
Ниццы (Nice).
Монако
–
роскошный
центр
мирового
туризма.
В
1878
великолепных зданиях располагаются известные на весь мир казино. Это
карликовое
(diminutive) государство, благодаря умеренной политике,
стало любимым местом жительства купивших свои титулы новых
европейских аристократов. Государство расширяет свои территории для
вновь приезжающих, засыпая грунтом (to cover with soil) мелководье
(shoal) Средиземноморского побережья и создавая новые жилые районы.
ИСПАНИЯ
Площадь: 504782 кв км
Столица: Мадрид (Madrid)
Государственный строй: конституционная монархия
Административное деление: 17 автономных областей, 50 провинций
Население: 40,2 млн чел
Язык(и): испанский, каталанский (Catalonian), баскский (Basque)
Валюта: евро
Испания занимает ¾ покрытого горами Иберийского полуострова
(Iberian peninsula). К территории государства относятся Балеарские
острова (Balearic Islands) и Канарские острова (Canary Islands). Для
северных районов характерен холодный, дождливый климат, который
89
внутри страны переходит в более засушливый (droughty). 74% - испанцы,
17%
-
каталонцы,
значительные
группы
населения
составляют
марокканцы (the Moors) и британцы (the British). Глава государства –
король. Испания относится к членам – основателям Европейского
экономического союза и Европейского валютного союза.
В Испании сохраняется довольно высокий уровень безработицы.
61% территории страны занято под сельское хозяйство. Значительную
долю экспорта составляет продукция рыболовства. Испания располагает
одним из самых больших в Европе рыболовных флотов. Значительную
роль играет сфера услуг. Львиная доля (the lion‟s share) выручки поступает
от туризма.
Страна располагает развитой транспортной сетью, в том числе 20
международным аэропортами.
АНДОРРА
Площадь: 467, 76 кв км
Столица: Андорра-ла-Вьеха (Andorra la Vella)
Государственный строй: парламентское княжество
Административное деление: 7 общин (community)
Население: 69 150 чел
Язык(и): каталанский, испанский, французский
Валюта: евро
Маленькое княжество, расположенное в долине гор (mountain valley)
Пиренеев (the Pyrrnees). На климат влияет горное положение страны и
средиземноморское
влияние.
50%
населения
имеют
испанское
происхождение. Андорра считается «налоговым раем». С 1993 г. Андорра
- суверенное государство с собственным парламентом и конституцией, до
этого она управлялась испанским епископом (bishop). Небольшие
возможности для с/х. Сфера услуг, особенно туризм, приносит 80%
валового национального дохода. В Андорру легко попасть из Испании и
Франции. Природные красоты и беспошлинные (duty-free) покупки
90
привлекают миллионы туристов. Зимой в Андорре «лыжный рай», лето это водопады, горные озѐра и термальные источники.
ПОРТУГАЛИЯ
Площадь: 92 270 кв км
Столица: Лиссабон (Lisbon)
Государственный строй: республика
Административное деление: 18 округов, 2 автономных района
Население: 10,1 млн чел
Язык(и): португальский (Portugues)
Валюта: евро
98% населения составляют португальцы, 2/3 живут в сельской
местности. Здравоохранение и социальная система страны постоянно
улучшаются. Экономика Португалии носит заметный аграрный отпечаток
(mark). 43% территории используются для выращивания фруктов, инжира
(fig),
миндаля
(almond),
кукурузы,
картофеля,
возделывания
виноградников (to cultivate vineyard), разведение крупного рогатого скота
(to breed the cattle). Рыбная отрасль поставляет сардины (sardine) и
анчоусы (anchovy); развита лесная промышленность (timber industry). 61%
валового национального продукта (GDP) приходится на сферу услуг.
Хорошо развита железнодорожная сеть.
Португалия принимает множество иностранных туристов, которых
привлекают пустынные морские пляжи, рыбацкие деревеньки, скалистое
(rocky, cliffy) побережье.
ГЕРМАНИЯ
Площадь: 357 022 кв км
Столица: Берлин (Berlin)
Государственный строй: парламентская федеративная республика
Административное деление: 16 федеральных земель
Население: 82,4 млн чел
Язык(и): немецкий
91
Валюта: евро
91% населения - немцы, также проживают датчане, турки, курды
(the Kurds), итальянцы, греки (the Greek), боснийцы (the Bosnians), поляки
(the Poles), хорваты (the Croats), испанцы, португальцы. Жители Германии
- преимущественно христиане. Хорошо развиты социальная, пенсионная
системы, здравоохранение. Средняя продолжительность жизни (average
life duration) высокая, детская смертность (infant mortality) - самая низкая в
мире. С 90-х гг. ХХ в. Германия страдает от безработицы. В стране
создана отличная система образования. Неграмотность (illiteracy) не
составляет даже одного процента.
Государством управляет двухпалатный парламент. Отдельные земли
имеют свои законы.
Германия является ведущей индустриальной нацией мира и среди
стран мировой торговли стоит на втором месте. Развито с/х, мясное и
молочное (dairy) производство. Германия является самым крупным
аграрным
импортѐром
высокотехнологичен.
в
мире.
Важнейшие
Промышленный
экспортные
товары
-
сектор
продукция
машиностроения (mechanical engineering), космонавтики (cosmonautics),
самолѐтостроения (aircraft construction), автомобильной, электронной и
химической
промышленности.
Германия
–
третий
по
величине
производитель автомашин в мире. Немецкие банки и страховые компании
относятся к самым крупным в мире. Заметно развивается сфера торговли,
коммуникаций,
транспорта.
В
отдельных
районах
главная
роль
принадлежит туризму. Количество автомобилей на одного жителя - самое
высокое на Земле. Инфраструктура составляет автострады (motor
highway),
высокоскоростные
(high-speed)
железнодорожные
поезда,
внутренние речные судоходные (navigable) пути, водное сообщение,
многочисленные морские пути, густая сеть воздушного сообщения.
Германия богата достопримечательностями, которые привлекают
множество туристов.
92
ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ
Площадь: 41 285 кв км
Столица: Берн (Bern)
Государственный строй: парламентское федеративное государство
Административное деление: 20 кантонов (canton), 6 полукантонов
Население: 7,3 млн чел
Язык(и): французский, итальянский, немецкий, ретороманский
(Retoroman)
Валюта: евро
Страна расположена в основном на территории Альп (the Alpes).
Лето тѐплое и богатое осадками (precipitations), зима холодная. 80%
населения составляют урождѐнные (nee) швейцарцы. 20% - иностранцы.
Высокий уровень жизни обеспечивают очень хорошо развитые социальная
сфера и здравоохранение. Швейцарские школы и университеты имеют
отличную репутацию во всѐм мире. Швейцария - одна из богатейших
стран
мира.
(mechanical
Хорошо
развита
engineering),
промышленность
механика
(mechanics),
(машиностроение
химическая
и
фармацевтическая (pharmaceutical) продукция). Банки, страхование и
туризм составляют основу швейцарской экономики.
ЛИХТЕНШТЕЙН
Площадь: 160 кв км
Столица: Вадус (Vaduz)
Государственный строй: парламентская монархия
Административное деление: 11 общин (community)
Население: 33 145 чел
Язык(и): немецкий
Валюта: евро
Маленькое княжество (principality)
(только три государства в
Европе имеют меньшую территорию) как будто «спрятано» между
Австрией и Швейцарией. Климат континентальный. Третья часть
93
населения – австрийцы (the Austrians), швейцарцы, итальянцы и немцы.
Княжество приобрело суверенитет в 19 в. С соседней Швейцарией
Лихтенштейн состоит в почтовом, валютном и таможенном союзе.
Согласно конституции Лихтенштейн - парламентская наследственная
(hereditory) монархия. После Второй мировой войны страна превратилась
из аграрной в одну из самых высокоиндустриальных в мире. Развиты с/х,
сфера услуг, промышленность, транспорт, банковское дело, торговля,
туризм.
Страна не имеет своего воздушного сообщения. Внутри страны
действует автобусное сообщение. Круглый од Лихтенштейн посещают
горнолыжники (mountain-skier) и любители пеших прогулок.
TEST SECTION
FINAL VOCABULARY TEST
VARIANT ONE
Task One: Translate the following word combinations into English:
Захватывающий пейзаж, комплексная туристическая поездка, испытать
дух приключений, бортпроводник, пройти таможенный досмотр, иметь
мало наличных денег, жить в пригороде, поехать на экскурсию,
воздвигнуть памятник, путеводитель, можно добраться пешком, деловая
часть города, список товаров, разрешѐнных к бесплатному ввозу/вывозу.
Task Two: Give synonyms to the following words:
Путешествие, турагентство, багаж, самолѐт, в гостинице нет свободных
мест, междугородний звонок, сберегательный счѐт, заправочная станция
(бензоколонка), метро, час пик.
Task Three: Make up sentences with the following word combinations:
Провести отпуск на берегу моря, льготный билет, заполнить декларацию,
регистрационный бланк, валютный курс, развлекательный и культурный
комплекс.
Task Four: Translate the following sentences into Russian:
This trip is for persons with imagination, spirit of adventure, and love of life –
tailor-made or small group itineraries with cultural and wildlife extensions, to
experience adventure sports taking risks in a Safari by canoe, water rafting,
glacier tracking on a high mountain.
VARIANT TWO
Task One: Translate the following word combinations into English:
94
Сойти с избитой колеи (с накатанного маршрута), забрать вещи из
камеры хранения, на борту самолѐта, таможенный и паспортный контроль,
большое офисное здание из стекла, забронировать на имя, дорожные чеки,
район жилых домов города, попасть в пробку, поездка по стране,
индивидуальный маршрут, обмен валюты, справочное бюро, страдать от
разницы во при авиаперелѐте, льготный билет, проходить таможенный
досмотр, развлекательный и культурный комплекс.
Task Two: Give synonyms to the folowing words:
Путешествие (поездка), багаж, самолѐт, железнодорожная станция,
вагон-ресторан,
проверять
(досматривать),
междугородный
звонок,
тротуар, телефон-автомат, метро, восстанавливать (реконструировать),
оранжерея, нет свободных номеров, сберегательный счѐт, турагентство,
туалет, предместья (окрестности), пешеходный переход,
Task Three: Make up extended sentences of your own using the
following words:
Осмотр
достопримечательностей,
индивидуальный
маршрут,
напитки и закуску, страдать от морской болезни, заполнить декларацию,
идти в правильном направлении, далѐкие страны, встречать кого-либо в
аэропорту, плата за излишек багажа, пристегнуть ремни безопасности,
иметь мало наличных денег.
Task Four: Make up noun, adjective, and verb word combinations with
the following words:
Отпуск, приключение, пляж, рейс, гостиница, номер в гостинице,
магазин, дорожное движение, дом, поезд.
READING COMPREHENSION TEST
Assignment: Read and translate the following texts and do the multiple
choice test.
TEXT ONE
The first recorded traveller to the Himalayas was Fa-Hsian, a Chinese
95
monk who ventured to the mountains in A.D. 400 seeking religious truth. Big
game hunters from British India, seeking tigers, bears and wild goats, mapped
and explored large areas of the mountains. A few hunters, such as B.H.
Hodgson in 1832, reported tales of a strange creature, but no specimens were
collected. Only in the mid-20th century has this yeti, or the terrible snowman,
become the focus for scientific investigation. But despite a number of sightings
by explorers and mountaineers, and the discovery of huge footprints, the existence of the yeti has not been established.
When Sir George Everest, Surveyor General of India from 1830-1843,
led a mapping expedition into the Himalayas he mapped many mountains but
was unable to point the highest. In 1852, it was discovered that the mountain
known as XV on Everest's maps was higher man than its neighbours. In 1865,
the mountain was named in honour of Sir George. Not long after Everest's
expedition, the rulers of Tibet and Nepal closed their countries to Europeans.
Only in 1921, the Dalai Lama allowed a few Europeans into Tibet. A British
party under Colonel Howard-Bury reached the foot of the mountain but had
time only to map its lower slopes. In 1924, a junior member of the colonel's
party, George Mallory, returned at the head of another team. Watched by
colleagues, Mallory and fellow climber Andrew Irvine set out to get to the final
peak. The pair had almost reached it when they were enveloped by a cloud and
never seen again. No one knows whether or not they conquered Everest, but
new evidence discovered in the 1980s has led many people to believe they did.
By 1953, the Tibetan Side was again closed to climbers but the borders of Nepal
were
open.
British
by
War
In
expedition,
John
Hunt
II,
faced
morning
of
and
the
May
that
year,
organized
with
military
carrying
oxygen
developed
terrible
29,
grandeur
1953,
New
of
Everest.
Zealander
a
efficiency
in
World
On
the
Edmund
Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, prepared for the final climb. Setting out
from
their
advance
camp
96
at
8,450
m,
they
faced
a
on
either
side
lay
Hillary
realized
triumphant
touch
130
the
difficult
a
drop
way
of
up
3,300
they
had
reached
conquest,
the
desire
roof
climbers
of
the
have
world
been
along
has
m.
the
a
Five
hours
summit.
by
five
ridge:
later,
Since
this
mountaineers
to
intensified
successful,
narrow
of
more
them
than
with
out the aid of oxygen.
1. What did the hunters from British India seek in the Himalayas?
A. wild animals
B. religious truth
C. data for scientific investigations
D. the yeti
2. One of the Himalayan peaks was marked as the highest in
A. 1830
B. 1832
C. 1852
D. 1865
3. The first mapping expedition to Everest took place in
A. 1832
B. 1830-1843
C. 1921
D. 1865
4. A number of people think that Everest is supposed to have been first
conquered by
A. Fa-Hsian
B. Sir George Everest
C. G. Mallory and A. Irving
D. E. Hillary and S.T. Norgay
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The first recorded venture to the Himalayas was 400 years ago
97
B. Big game hunters mostly collected tales of the terrible snowman
C. About 130 mountaineers have climbed Everest without the aid of
oxygen
D. The aim of G. Mallory and A. Irving was to conquer Everest
TEXT TWO
According
Finn
MacCool
his
enemy
Staffa.
Finn
sticks
one
the
Gall
and
another.
Irish
giant
crossed
legend,
built
MacCool
stone
to
to
to
the
bad-tempered
a
road
across
Gall,
who
lived
Ireland
to
reach
waves
Scotland's
a
number
them
into
the
seabed
next
challenging
Finn
Gall
to
a
duel,
Meanwhile,
Finn
together
hammered
returned
giant
on
gathered
Before
the
Irish
home
and
to
was
rest.
deceived
Isle
of
of
long,
into
thinking
that the sleeping giant was MacCool‟s baby son. Terrified at the possible size of
the father, Finn Gall hurried home to Staffa, destroying the causeway as he
went.
The stone columns of this Giant's Causeway, also known as Ireland's
legendary Stepping Stones, are on the Northern coast, some 80 km northwest of
Belfast, the country's capital. Many of the ancient columns lie broken on the
beach, while others have been swallowed by the sea or buried in the ground.
While few people take seriously the fanciful tale of the powerful giants, the
regularity
the
columns
of
does
lend
to
the
illusion
that
they
were
manmade.
An anonymous investigator from the 1930s decided there were around
40,000 columns present - no one knows how the count was made and yet the
figure has never seriously been questioned. Most of the columns stand no higher
than sea, although some, such as the Giant's Organ (so named because of its
resemblance to a church organ), reach some 12 m. Each individual column,
shaped into a regular polygon; measures between 38 cm and 50 cm across. Most
98
are six-sided, while others may have four, five or as many as ten faces. When
viewed from above, the causeway resembles a street with regular paving stones
- the columns fit together so exactly that it is difficult to insert a knife blade
between them. Drawings and sketches made in the 18th century by the Dublin
Society and Britain's Royal Society drew the attention of the scientific world to
this remarkable phenomenon. The paintings by the Earl-Bishop of Deny,
Frederick Hervey, in the late 18th century, brought the causeway to the
attention of the public.
To the Romantic Movement, which flourished at the start of the 19th
century, the Giant's Causeway was the living proof of all they believed in. One
of the leaders of the Movement declared that the impressive series of stone
columns was 'the temple and altar of Nature, devised by her own skill, and
executed with a symmetry and grace which Nature alone could accomplish'.
1. According to legend, the giant
A. Finn MacCool created the illusion of a road across the sea
B. Finn Gall returned home to rest after reaching his enemy across the sea
C. Finn Gall crossed home to Ireland over the sea
D. Finn MacCool returned home to rest before the duel
2. It follows from the text that
A. quite a few people take seriously the tale of the powerful giants
B.
few
people
might
believe
that
the
columns
were
manmade
C.
the
regularity
of
the
columns
proves
that
they
manmade
D. the regularity of the columns is an illusion created by the giants
3. Most columns
A. resemble sleeping giants
B. have less than 10 faces
C. exceed 12 m in height
D. are shaped into irregular polygons
99
were
TEXT THREE
On the plain of Thessaly, in the heart of northern Greece, 24 gigantic
rocks of Meteora rise perpertdicularly from the ground. Greek historian
Herodotus, living in the 5th century B.C., writes that the local inhabitants
believed the plain of Thessaly had once been covered by the sea. If this were
true, it probably referred to the end of the ice age, around 8000 B.C. Indeed,
scientists believe that Meteora's rocks were created by the waters of a sea.
Curiously, neither Herodotus nor any other writer of ancient Greece mentions
the rocks of Meteora. This has led to the theory that they did not exist 2,000
years ago, a theory scientists do not take seriously.
Monks were the first to inhabit Meteora during the 9th century - the rocks
offered shelter from the elements and prevented visitors from interrupting their
isolation. By the end of the 12th century, the monks had organized themselves
into a community. By the 14th century, the Byzantine Empire, which had ruled
the region for more than eight centuries, was beginning to lose its power. The
rich and fertile plain of Thessaly became a battleground as Serbian kings and
Turkish raiders fought with each other, and the Byzantine Empire, for influence
over northern Greece. Peaceful monasteries seemed particularly vulnerable to
the conflicts. In 1334, monks left the monastery of Mount Athos. Ten years
later, the monk Athanasios led a group of them to Meteora. Between 1356 and
1372, Athanasios founded the Great Meteoron monastery on Broad Rock.
Broad Rock was ideally suited to the needs of Athanasios and his followers.
Once established on the high rock they had complete control of the place. A
long ladder provided the only route to the top and this could be drawn up by the
monks in case of danger. A few decades later the ladder was replaced by a net
and rope device.
Visitors to the Great Meteoron, named from the Greek word meaning
'high in the air', were advised to pray as they made the risky way up. In 1896, a
Russian churchman described his trip in the net as 'an agonizing lift, the rope
was going here and there all the time dragging me along until at last it reached
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the top. But as they pulled me towards the wooden platform, they overturned
the net. Horrified, I closed my eyes and nearly lost consciousness.' This
dangerous method has been replaced by a flight of 115 steps cut out in the rock.
Of the 24 monasteries that grew up between the 13th and 16th centuries, only
five are still inhabited: the lack of isolation has made the monks leave the place.
The arrival of a great number of tourists in the second half of the 20th century
has effectively turned Meteora into a museum piece.
1. Scientists believe that
A. Meteora's rocks did not exist 2000 years ago
B. Herodotus in his record referred to the end of the ice age 8000 years
ago
C. formation of Meteora's rocks is due to their having been covered by
waters of the sea
D. Herodotus' idea of Thessaly's being covered by the sea waters is not
true
2. The first monasteries in Meteora appeared in
A. the 9th century
B. the 12th century
C. the early 1330s
D. the 5th century BC
3. Which statement is not true?
The plain of Thessaly is said to have been
;
A. mentioned by the Greek historians
B. rich and fertile
C. a battleground for influence over Byzantine Empire
D. completely left by monks in 1334
4. In the 15th century one could get to the Great Meteoron by
A. the net and rope device
B. the rope ladder
C. the rope
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D. steps in the rock
5. According to the text
A. The Byzantine Empire had ruled Thessaly since the 6th century
B. Athanasios came to Broad Rock in mid-1340s
C. A Russian churchman lost consciousness for fear of being overturned
D. In 1334 peaceful monks began to leave monasteries due to the arrival
of tourists
TEXT FOUR
Mount Everest stands at the eastern end of the Greater Himalayan Range,
on the border between Nepal and Tibet. Surrounded by snow, the peak of the
world's highest mountain yet is seldom covered with ice. Mount Everest dominates the view even from an alpine region 32 km to the southwest Seen from a
distance, the Himalayan Mountains rise like the towers of a faraway fairytale
palace. Snow-capped peaks glitter white in the sunshine as if made of finest
marble.
In the shape of a shallow crescent moon, around 2,415 km long - roughly
the distance from London to Moscow - the highest mountain range in the world
is between 160 km and 240 km wide. Three of the world's largest rivers - the
Indus to the north and west, the Brahmaputra to the north and east, and the
Ganges to the south - encircle the Himalayas almost completely. The name of
the Himalayas comes from the Sanskrit word meaning 'home of snow'. The
mountains are commonly thought of as a single range, but in fact are composed
of three ranges. The lowest and southernmost range, known as the Siwalik Hills,
has peaks reaching around 1,500 m above sea level. Farther north are the Lesser
Himalayas, around three times as high. Both ranges are surrounded by valleys
where the climate is mild and many villages thrive. The northernmost range, the
Greater Himalayas, contains Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain at
8,848 m above sea level.
Though they tower so high, the Himalayas began their existence on the
floor of a sea - the ancient remains of fish and other marine life, are often found
102
among the snows. The oceans and continents of the world are carried on
immense, constantly moving 'plates'. About 60 million years ago, the plate
bearing India moved northward, breaking the floor of an ocean known as the
Tethys against the land of Asia.
The rocks between them broke. The ocean floor was piled up in layer
upon layer of disturbed rock. Century by century, uplifted land became
mountains and plateaus. These natural forces are still at work - scientific
estimates put the upward progress of the Himalayas at around 5 cm a year.
In
1987,
scientists
concluded
that
Mount
Everest
and
the other Himalayan giants had been born around 20 million years ago, making
them
10
million
years
older
had been previously thought.
1. The Himalayas are located to the
A. south of the Ganges
B. northwest of the Indus
C. north of the Brahmaputra
D. southeast of the Indus
2. The Lesser Himalayas are not
A. 4500m high
B. to the north of the Greater Himalayas
C. surrounded by valleys
D. neariy twice as low as Mount Everest
3. In 1970s the Himalayas were thought to have been born
A. about 60 mln years ago
B. about 20 mln years ago
C. about 10 mln years ago
D. about 30 mln years ago
4. Which of the following estimates does not seem exact?
A. The distance from Moscow to London is roughly 2,415km
B. The Himalayas are approximately 240 thousand km wide
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than
C. By the beginning of the next millennium Mount Everest will be about
8850 m high
D. In about another 50 years the Himalayas will be about
2,5 m higher
5. Which statement is true?
A. An alpine region dominates the view for about 32 km to the southwest
B. The oceans and continents of the world are now at rest
C. The Himalayas almost completely surround the three of the world's
largest rivers
D. The Himalayas began their existence by gradual uplifting of land from
the floor of the sea
SPEAKING HABITS TEST
Assignment: Below are eight possible varients of group holiday making.
They are given in brief. Analise, compare and describe all of them. Choose one,
which is most suitable for you. Describe it in detail. If you are not very much
impressed by any of them, suggest your own idea. Mind that it is a group
holiday conception.
1.
Help on farm on a small Greek island. Food and accomodation
free. Work six days a week plus free extra week.
2.
See the cultural and historic parts of Europe. Italy and France
by coach. Small hotels. Bed and breakfast system.
3.
Like Robinson Crusoe. Cruise on small steamer in the Adriatic.
Provide own food.
4.
Hike along the Pennines. Camping. Good hotels. All food, maps
and guide included.
5.
Be your own captain. Comfortable boat (sleeps 6-8). A cruise
down the Shannon.
6.
Relax. Finnish lake. Swim, fish, sauna, canoe. Stay in a wooden
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hut. Provide your own food.
7.
Two weks in Majorca. First class hotel. All inclusive system.
Disco, bar, trips, entertainment, good food.
8.
Rail Rover ticket. Europe for two weeks. Youth hostel
vouchers.
9.
Your own suggestion?
GLOSSARY
adventure приключение
airhostess стюардесса
airport аэропорт
alley аллея
amazing поразительный
aquatic playground, aquapark аквапарк
architecture архитектура
arrival прибытие
avenue авеню
baggage багаж
beach пляж
bed and breakfast система «ночлег с завтраком»
boarding посадка
boarding pass посадочный талон
boarding house пансионат
book забронировать
bridge мост
bungalow бунгало, одноэтажная дача, дом с верандой
business trip командировка, деловая поездка
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cash наличные деньги, обналичить, наличность
chambermaid горничная
charter чартер
check-in регистрация
city transport городской транспорт
coach междугородный автобус
countryside сельская местность
cross-roads перекресток
cruise морское путешествие, круиз
currency exchange обмен валюты
customs таможня
customer клиент
declaration декларация
departure отправление, отбытие
destination пункт назначения, направление
discount fares билеты со скидкой
double-decker двухэтажный автобус
downtown центр города
drug store аптека
duty-free articles беспошлинные товары
embankment набережная
entertainment complex развлекательный комплекс
entry visa въездная виза
exciting волнующий, захватывающий
excursion экскурсия
exit visa выездная виза
expedition экспедиция
fare тариф, плата за проезд
first-aid room пункт первой медицинской помощи
flight полет, рейс
106
foreigner иностранец
full-board полный пансион
gift shop магазин сувениров
guest house гостиница для путешественников, дом для приезжих
guide гид, экскурсовод
guide-book путеводитель
half-board плупансион
highway шоссе
hitchhiking путешествие атостопом
holidays отпуск, каникулы
impression впечатление
information board информационное табло
inn гостиница (обычно за городом)
inquiry office справочное бюро
journey поездка, сухопутное путешествие
landmark здание, сооружение исторического значения, архитектурный
памятник
lobby, lounge холл, вестибюль, приемная, фойе
lost and found бюро находок
magnificent великолепный, величественный, производищий впечатление
memorial памятник, мемориал
money transfer денежный перевод
monument памятник
must-see достопримечательность, которую обязательно надо посетить
neighbourhood район, округа, квартал
newsstand стойка продажи газет и журналов
package tour комплексная туристическая поездка с включенной
одновременно оплатой проезда, питания, проживания, экскурсионной
программы
pavement, sideway, walkway тротуар
107
passage проход, проезд
passenger пассажир
passport control паспортный контроль
penthouse фешенебельная квартира на крыше небоскреба
picturesque живописный
place of interest достопримечательность
pub паб, пивная
railway station вокзал
rafting рафтинг, сплав по реке
reception регистратура
receptionist дежурный администратор
recreation отдых, восстановление здоровья, душевных и физических сил
refund возврат суммы
rent прокат, плата за прокат
reservation бронирование, предварительный заказ
resort курорт
restaurant ресторан
room service обслуживание номеров
route маршрут следования
rucksack рюкзак
rush hours час «пик»
safari сафари
sauna сауна
sculpture скульптура
shop, store магазин
sightseeing осмотр достопримечательностей
sky-scraper небоскреб
snack-bar закусочная
spa спа, курорт на лечебных водах
square площадь
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stay at a hotel остановиться в гостинице
suburb пригород
subway метро
suite номер-люкс из нескольких комнат
terminal building здание аэропорта
ticket билет
traffic уличное движение
train поезд
travel путешествие, путешествовать, ездить
travel agency бюро (агентство) путешествий
trip поездка
tour путешествие, поездка, турне, экскурсия, прогулка
underground метро
unforgettable незабываемый
vacation отпуск, каникулы
view вид
voyage плавание, морское путешествие
БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
1.
Воробьева С.А. Your Way to Tourism / Деловой английский
язык для сферы международного туризма / Воробьева С.А.
109
– СПб: Филоматис, 2006. – 352 с.
2.
Воробьева С.А. Деловой английский для гостиничного
бизнеса Business English for Hotel Industry / Воробьева С.А.
– СПб: Филоматис, 2006. – 336 c.
3.
Письменная О.А. Английский для международного
туризма: Учебник. – К: Логос, 2005. – 384 с.
4.
Sprachen K. Английский язык для тех, кто в пути.
Разговорный курс: Учебное пособие. – М.: Мир книги,
2006. – 68 с.
5.
Harding K., Henderson P. High Season: English for Hotel and
Service Industry. Oxford University Press. 2007.
6.
Walker R., Harding K. Tourism. Student‟s Book. Oxford
University Press. 2007.
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