?D(">42"P4b ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 ]8@>@<4R,F846 4 E@P4":\>Z6 E@&,H +/EN.7/2000/4 Distr.: General 23 December 1999 Russian Original: English 7@<4FF4b B@ >"D8@H4R,F84< FD,*FH&"< E@D@8 HD,H\b F,FF4b %,>", 6-15 <"DH" 2000 (@*" AJ>8H 4(b) BD,*&"D4H,:\>@6 B@&,FH84 *>b* E@8D"V,>4, >,2"8@>>@(@ FBD@F" >" >"D8@H484: >"D8@H484 B@:@0,>4, & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 & <4D, A@:@0,>4, & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 & <4D, 1"B4F8" E,8D,H"D4"H" * +/EN.7/2000/1. V.99-91292 +/CN.7/2000/4 C,2`<, ="FH@bV46 *@8:"* B@*(@H@&:,> >" @F>@&, *">>ZN, BD,*FH"&:,>>ZN 112 FHD">"<4, 8@H@DZ, 2"B@:>4:4 &@BD@F>48 8 ,0,(@*>@<J *@8:"*J 2" 1998 (@*, 4 >,8@H@D@6 *@B@:>4H,:\>@6 4>L@D<"P44. ? 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A,D&@, @$D"V,>4, 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` & F&b24 F@ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4,< 2 4 +/CN.7/2000/4 >"D8@H48"<4, %"DT"&", 1995-1998 (@*Z ............................ 6 3 +/CN.7/2000/4 I. %&,*,>4, 1. ="FH@bV46 *@8J<,>H @ B@F:,*>4N H,>*,>P4bN, L@D<"N 4 *4>"<48, >,2"8@>>@(@ B@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& B@2&@:b,H D"FF<@HD,H\ D"2:4R>Z, "FB,8HZ RD,2&ZR"6>@ F,D\,2>@6 @$V,<4D@&@6 BD@$:,<Z FBD@F" >" >"D8@H484 >" DJ$,0, >@&@(@ FH@:,H4b. % @F>@&, *@8J<,>H" :,04H Db* 8:`R,&ZN H,<, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 &Z*,:,>Z & D,2J:\H"H, @$2@D" B@:@0,>4b & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 >" >"P4@>":\>@<, D,(4@>":\>@< 4 (:@$":\>@< JD@&>bN. 2. ="FH@bV46 ">":42 B@*(@H@&:,> >" @F>@&, *">>ZN, BD,*FH"&:,>>ZN FHD">"<4, 8@H@DZ, 2"B@:>4:4 4 BD4F:":4 &@BD@F>484 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"< & F@@H&,HFH&44 F@ F&@4<4 @$b2"H,:\FH&"<4 B@ <,0*J>"D@*>Z< *@(@&@D"< @ 8@>HD@:, >"* >"D8@H48"<4. % 1998 (@*J _=)7A B@:JR4:" 2"B@:>,>>Z, &@BD@F>484 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"< @H 112 FHD">, RH@ F&4*,H,:\FH&J,H @ 2>"R4H,:\>@< BD@(D,FF, B@ FD"&>,>4` F 8@:4R,FH&@< BD,*FH"&:,>>ZN &@BD@F>48@& & BD,*Z*JV4, (@*Z (80 4 83 FHD">Z F@@H&,HFH&,>>@ & 1996 4 1997 (@*"N). 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E@ND">b,HFb H"80, @B"F>@FH\ J&,:4R,>4b & !LD48, <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< BJH,< 4>X,8P46, @*>"8@ & F4:J D"FBD@FHD">,>>@(@ &@ <>@(4N FHD">"N !LD484 >,BD4bH4b ^H@(@ <,H@*" JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& @ FH,B,>4 &,D@bH>@FH4 F8@:\-:4$@ 2"<,H>@(@ J&,:4R,>4b <"FTH"$@& (@&@D4H\ *@&@:\>@ F:@0>@3. )4"(D"<<" I G,>*,>P44 & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 (1998 (@*) (@* 3FH@R>48: %@BD@F>48 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"<. 7. =,8@H@DZ, FHD">Z, 8@H@DZ, J0, FH":84&":4F\ D">,, F BD@$:,<"<4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@<, &ZD"0"`H H"80, $,FB@8@6FH&@ & F&b24 F &,D@bH>@FH\` B@&H@D>@(@ D@FH" JD@&>b B@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>". ]H4 @B"F,>4b B@*8D,B:b`HFb BD,0*, &F,(@ F@@$V,>4b<4 42 E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484 4 & >,8@H@D@6 FH,B,>4 F@@$V,>4b<4 42 E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&" %,:48@$D4H">44 4 E,&,D>@6 3D:">*44. % E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H"N <"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< &@2D"FH"`H F 1992 (@*". E@(:"F>@ @P,>8"<, R4F:@ :4P, 2:@JB@HD,$:b&T4N (,D@4>@< & H,R,>4, BD,*T,FH&@&"&T,(@ @$F:,*@&">4` <,FbP", &@2D@F:@ F 68 000 R,:@&,8 (<,>,, 0,1 BD@P,>H" >"F,:,>4b) & 1993 (@*J *@ 325 000 R,:@&,8 (0,2 BD@P,>H" 5 +/CN.7/2000/4 >"F,:,>4b) & 1997 (@*J4. A@ *">>Z< C"$@R,6 (DJBBZ ^B4*,<4@:@(4R,F84N 4FF:,*@&">46 >" JD@&>, @$V4>5, & B,D4@* F 1997-1998 (@*@& & 12 (@D@*"N E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@&, &N@*bV4N & FL,DJ *,6FH&4b ^H@6 C"$@R,6 (DJBBZ, BD@*@:0":Fb D@FH B@8"2"H,:,6 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@<. % >,8@H@DZN D,(4@>"N D@FH ^H4N B@8"2"H,:,6 BD@*@:0":Fb $@:,, HD,N :,H. E@(:"F>@ B@:JR,>>Z< *">>Z<, & H,R,>4, ^H@(@ B,D4@*" >"4$@:,, D,28@ *">>Z6 B@8"2"H,:\ &@2D@F & ;"6"<4 (63 BD@P,>H"). 3>L@D<"P4b @ B@:@0,>44 & *DJ(4N D,(4@>"N b&:b,HFb <,>,, bF>@6. % F,<4 *DJ(4N (@D@*"N, &N@*bV4N & FL,DJ *,6FH&4b C"$@R,6 (DJBBZ, <"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< BD"8H4R,F84 >, 42<,>4:4F\ & 1998 (@*J, & H@ &D,<b 8"8 & BD,*Z*JV46 @HR,H>Z6 B,D4@* & $@:\T4>FH&, 42 >4N $Z:@ @H<,R,>@ J&,:4R,>4,. 8. A@&ZT,>4, FH,B,>4 R4FH@HZ (,D@4>" >" DZ>8, >"D8@H48@& & E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H"N F&b2Z&"`H F D"FT4D,>4,< <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< BJH,< &*ZN">4b R,D,2 >@F, @F@$,>>@ FD,*4 <@:@*,04. 94P", 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4, (,D@4>@<, 8@H@DZ, BD@N@*4:4 :,R,>4, & =\`"D8,, =\`-)0,DF4, 4 =\`-5@D8, & 1998 (@*J, 8"8 BD"&4:@, F@@$V":4, RH@ @>4 &*ZN"`H (,D@4> R,D,2 >@F 4 >, B@:\2J`HFb 4>X,8P4b<4. M@Hb &*ZN">4, R,D,2 >@F & @H:4R4, @H 4FB@:\2@&">4b 4>X,8P46 >, J(D@0",H D"FBD@FHD">,>4,< 4>L,8P44, FJV,FH&J`H @B"F,>4b, RH@ $@:,, H,DB4<@, @H>@T,>4, & @$V,FH&, 8 ^H@<J FB@F@$J JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& <@0,H F*,:"H\ (,D@4> $@:,, BD4&:,8"H,:\>Z< *:b $@:,, T4D@8@6 (DJBBZ <@:@*,04. EJV,FH&J`H H"80, @B"F,>4b, RH@ :4P", ND@>4R,F84 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4, (,D@4>@<, & *":\>,6T,< <@(JH B,D,6H4 8 4>X,8P4b<, 8"8 $@:,, ^LL,8H4&>@<J FB@F@$J &&,*,>4b >"D8@H48@&. 9. % P,:@< B@:@0,>4, & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< & +&D@B, b&:b,HFb @H>@F4H,:\>@ FH"$4:\>Z<. G,< >, <,>,, +&D@B,6F846 P,>HD <@>4H@D4>(" >"D8@H48@& 4 >"D8@<">44 (+O;==) @$D"H4: &>4<">4, >" F@@$V,>4b @$ J&,:4R,>44 <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< & Db*, ,&D@B,6F84N FHD"> & 1998 (@*J6. ]H@ 8"F",HFb (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< BD"8H484 8JD,>4b (,D@4>" 4 J8"2Z&",H >" ,, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, >" F,:\F84, D"6@>Z. ?H<,R":@F\ H"80,, RH@ 42-2" @HFH"&">4b B@ &D,<,>4, N"D"8H,D>@(@ *:b $@:\T4>FH&" B@8"2"H,:,6 (& F4FH,<, D,(4FHD"P44 :4P, @$D"V"`V4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`, BD,*JF<@HD,>@, RH@ &B,D&Z, 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` @$ZR>@ @$D"V"`HFb R,D,2 >,F8@:\8@ :,H B@F:, >"R":" JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@&), F@&D,<,>>"b 4>L@D<"P4b <@0,H >, F@@H&,HFH&@&"H\ >@&Z< H,>*,>P4b< & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@<. 10. E@@$V,>4b 42 FHD"> O,>HD":\>@6 4 %@FH@R>@6 +&D@BZ H"80, J8"2Z&"`H >" D@FH B@BJ:bD>@FH4 8JD,>4b (,D@4>". % BD@&,*,>>@< E@&,H@< +&D@BZ 4FF:,*@&">44 B,D&4R>@(@ @$D"V,>4b 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`, 8@H@D@, @N&"HZ&":@ 23 ,&D@B,6F84N (@D@*", & H@< R4F:, Db* (@D@*@& O,>HD":\>@6 4 %@FH@R>@6 +&D@BZ, @H<,R",HFb, RH@ "8:"FF4R,F846 @$D"2 >"D8@<">", *,:"`V,(@ F,$, 4>X,8P4` (,D@4>", B@FH,B,>>@ 4FR,2",H, 4 &F, $@:,, T4D@8@, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, B@ &F,6 +&D@B, B@:JR",H 8JD,>4, (,D@4>"" (FHD. 12)7. % F,<4 (@D@*"N, @N&"R,>>ZN ^H4< 4FF:,*@&">4,<, & 1996-1997 (@*"N BD@42@T:@ J&,:4R,>4, *@:4 :4P, 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4N (,D@4>@<, 8@H@DZ, >, 4FB@:\2J`H 4>X,8P44. =" *4"(D"<<, II @HD"0,>" H,>*,>P4b, >"$:`*"&T"bFb & %"DT"&,. % A@:\T, :`$4H,:4 @B4"H@& HD"*4P4@>>@ 4FB@:\2J`H <"8@&J` F@:@<J *:b 42(@H@&:,>4b 42 >,, @B4"H>@(@ >"D8@H48", 42&,FH>@(@ B@* >"2&">4,< "B@:\F846 (,D@4>". ?*>"8@ F 1995 (@*" FH":@ &@2D"FH"H\ R4F:@ :4P, @$D"V"`V4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`, 8@H@DZ, 2:@JB@HD,$:b`H 4<B@DH4D@&">>Z< (,D@4>@<. A@*"&:b`V,, $@:\T4>FH&@ 42 >4N 8JDbH (,D@4>. % 1998 (@*J 8JD4:\V484 (,D@4>" &B,D&Z, F@FH"&4:4 $@:\T4>FH&@ :4P, &B,D&Z, @$D"V"&T4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`. 11. ?*4>>"*P"H\ FHD"> !244 H"80, F@@$V4:4 @$ J&,:4R,>44 <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< & 1998 (@*J (BD4:@0,>4,, H"$:4P" 1). % >"FH@bV,, &D,<b N"D"8H,D>Z< BD42>"8@< ND@>4R,F8@6 >"D8@<">44 &@ <>@(4N FHD">"N & _0>@6 4 _(@-%@FH@R>@6 !244 b&:b,HFb 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, (,D@4>@< BJH,< 8JD,>4b 4:4 4>X,8P46. % >,8@H@DZN FHD">"N 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, (,D@4>@< BD4N@*4H >" F<,>J 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4` @B4,< (>"BD4<,D, & M">@,)8. %@ <>@(4N FHD">"N 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, (,D@4>@< b&:b,HFb @*>4< 42 ^:,<,>H@& B@:4>"D8@<">44. 6 +/CN.7/2000/4 94P", 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4, (,D@4>@<, >,D,*8@ BD4>4<"`H H"80, B,H4*4>, *4(4*D@^H@DL4> 4 <@DL4> (74H"6), " H"80, $JBD,>@DL4> (#">(:"*,T, 3>*4b 4 A"84FH">)8. )4"(D"<<" II A,D&@, @$D"V,>4, 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` & F&b24 F@ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4,< >"D8@H48"<4, >"D8@H48"<4 %"DT"&", %"DT"&" 1995-1998 (@*Z 3FH@R>48: J. Sieroslawski, Organiczenie Ulywania Substanciji Psychoktywnych "Substance uses and related health problems", Alkoholizm i Narkomania, vol. 2, No. 35 (1999). B. 1:@JB@HD,$:,>4, "<L,H"<4>@< 4 <,H"<L,H"<4>@< 12. % 1998 (@*J @$ J&,:4R,>44 <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b FH4<J:bH@D"<4 "<L,H"<4>@&@(@ Db*" F@@$V4:4 30 FHD">. G,D<4> "FH4<J:bH@DZ "<L,H"<4>@&@(@ Db*"" 4FB@:\2J,HFb *@&@:\>@ F&@$@*>@, 4 >"D8@H484 ^H@6 (DJBBZ >, @N&"HZ&"`HFb *@:0>Z< @$D"2@< & &@BD@F>48, 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"<. ]H@H H,D<4> 4FB@:\2J,HFb & >"FH@bV,< 8@>H,8FH, & 8"R,FH&, J*@$>@(@ 8D"H8@(@ @$@2>"R,>4b T4D@8@(@ 8DJ(" >"D8@H48@&, BD,0*, &F,(@ "<L,H"<4>" 4 <,H"<L,H"<4>", " H"80, &,V,FH& (DJBBZ "^8FH"24". )">>Z, @ D@FH, <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b FH4<J:bH@D"<4 "<L,H"<4>@&@(@ Db*" & 1998 (@*J @HD"0,>Z & H"$:4P, 2, BD4:@0,>4,. 13. E@(:"F>@ *">>Z< +&D@B,6F8@(@ F@`2", "<L,H"<4>Z B@-BD,0>,<J >"N@*bHFb >" &H@D@< B@F:, 8">>"$4F" <,FH, B@ FH,B,>4 B@BJ:bD>@FH4 (F H@R84 2D,>4b BD@*@:04H,:\>@FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b & H,R,>4, 042>4). ?F>@&>"b H,>*,>P4b N"D"8H,D42J,HFb BD@*@:0"`V4<Fb D"FT4D,>4,< BD,*:@0,>4b "<L,H"<4>@& 4 <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 4<4. 1:@JB@HD,$:,>4, "<L,H"<4>"<4 D"FBD@FHD">,>@ & @F>@&>@< FD,*4 <@:@*,04 & 8@>H,8FH, @*>@(@ 42 >"BD"&:,>46 <@:@*,0>@6 8J:\HJDZ. % >,8@H@DZN FHD">"N ((:"&>Z< @$D"2@<, & E,&,D>@6 +&D@B,) FJV,FH&J`H >,$@:\T4, B@BJ:bP44 ND@>4R,F84N >"D8@<">@& (4FB@:\2J`V4N, 8"8 BD"&4:@, 4>X,8P44). "]8FH"24" (<,H4:,>*4@8F4<,H"<L,H"<4> 4 ">":@(4) B@-BD,0>,<J @FH",HFb B@BJ:bD>Z< >"D8@H48@<, @*>"8@ D@FH <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 4< >, >"FH@:\8@ &ZD"0,>, 8"8 BD,0*,, " & >,8@H@DZN FHD">"N 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, ^H4< >"D8@H48@< FH"$4:424D@&":@F\ 4:4 *"0, B@T:@ >" J$Z:\. ]H@ &@&F, >, @2>"R",H, RH@ :4P", 2:@JB@HD,$:b&T4, "^8FH"24", BD,8D"H4:4 BD4>4<"H\ FH4<J:bH@DZ. E8@D,, ^H@ <@0,H 7 +/CN.7/2000/4 @2>"R"H\, RH@ >,8@H@DZ, 42 >4N B,D,8:`R4:4F\ >" ":\H,D>"H4&>Z, >"D8@H484 ("<L,H"<4>Z 4:4 8@8"4>). 14. 94P", 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4, "<L,H"<4>@< 4 <,H"<L,H"<4>@<, 8"8 BD"&4:@, D,*8@ &FHD,R"`HFb FD,*4 B"P4,>H@& >"D8@:@(4R,F84N @H*,:,>46. 32 23 (@D@*@&, @N&"R,>>ZN 8@<B:,8F>Z< ,&D@B,6F84< @$F:,*@&">4,< 1997 (@*"7, :4T\ & AD"(, $Z:@ @H<,R,>@ BD,@$:"*">4, :4P, 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4N <,H"<L,H"<4>@< (@8@:@ 50 BD@P,>H@& :4P, &B,D&Z, @$D"H4&T4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`). )DJ(4, 2"F:J04&"`V4, &>4<">4b F@@$V,>4b @ H"84N BD@$:,<"N 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b "<L,H"<4>@< B@FHJB":4 H@:\8@ 42 %"DT"&Z (@8@:@ 15 BD@P,>H@& :4P, &B,D&Z, @$D"H4&T4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`). E@(:"F>@ *">>Z< 4FF:,*@&">4b ("Monitoring the Future") ("7@>HD@:\ 2" $J*JV4<") (1997-1998 (@*Z), & E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H"N FD,*4 JR"V4NFb *,FbHZN 8:"FF@& @H<,R",HFb F>40,>4, JD@&>b B@HD,$:,>4b "<L,H"<4>". ED,*4 JR"V4NFb &@F\<ZN 8:"FF@& >" BD@Hb0,>44 *&JN :,H <"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b FH4<J:bH@D"<4 BD@*@:0":4 F>40"H\Fb, " FD,*4 JR"V4NFb *&,>"*P"HZN 8:"FF@& @>4 @FH"&":4F\ >" >,42<,>>@< JD@&>,. % H,R,>4, (@*", BD,*T,FH&@&"&T,(@ @$F:,*@&">4`, *@:b :4P, 2:@JB@HD,$:b`V4N FH4<J:bH@D"<4, & ^H4N (DJBB"N F@FH"&:b:" @H 7 *@ 11 BD@P,>H@&. % $@:,, @$T4D>ZN (DJBB"N >"F,:,>4b B@8"2"H,:4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b <,H"<L,H"<4>@< 2"<,H>@ D"2:4R"`HFb, RH@ (@&@D4H @ *@FH"H@R>@ FH"$4:\>@< B@:@0,>44. 7"DH4>" 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b BD,B"D"H"<4 (DJBBZ "^8FH"24" b&:b,HFb <,>,, bF>@6, " B@F:,*>4, *">>Z, J8"2Z&"`H >" >,8@H@D@, J&,:4R,>4, <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b "^8FH"24" & E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H"N9. 15. )">>Z, B@ !&FHD":44 >, *"`H R,H8@(@ BD,*FH"&:,>4b @ B@:@0,>44 & ^H@6 @$:"FH4, BD4 ^H@< >,8@H@DZ, B@8"2"H,:4 J8"2Z&"`H >" H@, RH@ <"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b "<L,H"<4>@<, &@2<@0>@, @FH"`HFb >,42<,>>Z<4 4:4 *"0, F@8D"V"`HFb, & H@ &D,<b 8"8 D,2J:\H"HZ >,*"&>,(@ T8@:\>@(@ @$F:,*@&">4b J8"2Z&"`H >" >,8@H@DZ6 D@FH <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b FD,*4 <@:@*,04. % *">>@< F:JR", H"80, BD,*B@:"(",HFb, RH@ ^H@, &@2<@0>@, @HR"FH4 F&b2">@ F $@:,, T4D@8@6 B@BJ:bD>@FH\` 8@8"4>"10. 16. AD@$:,<Z, F&b2">>Z, F <,H"<L,H"<4>@<, J0, >" BD@Hb0,>44 <>@(4N :,H FJV,FH&J`H & >,8@H@DZN FHD">"N _(@-%@FH@R>@6 !244. ?*>"8@ & B@F:,*>4, (@*Z & F&b24 F D,284< J&,:4R,>4,< <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b ^H4< &,V,FH&@< & D,(4@>, *">>"b BD@$:,<" &>@&\ @8"2":"F\ & P,>HD, &>4<">4b, 4 & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b @$V,FH&@ F,D\,2>@ @$,FB@8@,>@ BD@$:,<@6 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b ^H4< >"D8@H48@<. AD@$:,<" 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b <,H"<L,H"<4>"<4 FJV,FH&J,H & aB@>44 F@ &D,<,> &H@D@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z, & C,FBJ$:48, 7@D,b F 70-N (@*@&, " >" K4:4BB4>"N 4 & 84H"6F8@6 BD@&4>P44 G"6&">\ F F,D,*4>Z 80-N (@*@&. EJ*b B@ 4<,`V,6Fb 4>L@D<"P44, & B@F:,*>4, (@*Z ^H" BD@$:,<" B@:JR",H &F, $@:,, T4D@8@, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, & D,(4@>,, " <"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b &@2D"FH"`H & H,N FHD">"N, (*, J0, *"&>@ JB@HD,$:b`H ^H@H >"D8@H48. 3<,`HFb *">>Z,, J8"2Z&"`V4, >" D@FH <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b <,H"<L,H"<4>@< & ;":"6244. =" K4:4BB4>"N <,H"<L,H"<4>, 42&,FH>Z6 B@* >"2&">4,< "T"$J", b&:b,HFb >"4$@:,, B@BJ:bD>Z< >"D8@H48@< FD,*4 >"D8@<">@&. ;"FTH"$Z 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b <,H"<L,H"<4>@< &@2D"FH"`H H"80, & E4>("BJD,, " >,8@H@DZ, *">>Z, J8"2Z&"`H >" D"FT4D,>4, <"FTH"$@& ^H@6 BD@$:,<Z & #DJ>,6-)"DJFF":"<, 4 %\,H>"<,. 17. C@FH <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b <,H"<L,H"<4>@< >"$:`*",HFb, & R"FH>@FH4, & G"4:">*,. E@(:"F>@ @P,>8"< 8">P,:bD44 IBD"&:,>4b B@ 8@>HD@:` >"* >"D8@H48"<4, & 1998 (@*J F@&@8JB>Z6 B@8"2"H,:\ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b &@2D@F & R,HZD, D"2"11. %Z*,:b,HFb *&" @F>@&>ZN H4B" 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b. E @*>@6 FH@D@>Z, ^H4< >"D8@H48@< 2:@JB@HD,$:b`H BD,*FH"&4H,:4 @BD,*,:,>>ZN BD@L,FF4@>":\>ZN (DJBB (D"$@H>484 HD">FB@DH", D"$@H>484 F,8F-4>*JFHD44, <@Db84 4 FHD@4H,:\>Z, D"$@R4,) (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< F P,:\` B@&ZF4H\ D"$@H@FB@F@$>@FH\ BD4 &ZB@:>,>44 LJ>8P46, HD,$J`V4N *:4H,:\>ZN JF4:46. G"8@(@ D@*" LJ>8P4@>":\>@, 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, FH4<J:bH@D"<4 *@&@:\>@ *"&>@ D"FBD@FHD">,>@ & G"4:">*,, 4 BD,0*, @F@$@, $,FB@8@6FH&@ &Z2Z&":" BD@$:,<" 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b FH4<J:bH@D"<4 "<L,H"<4>@&@(@ Db*" 8 +/CN.7/2000/4 FD,*4 &@*4H,:,6, @FJV,FH&:b`V4N *":\>4, B,D,&@284. E *DJ(@6 FH@D@>Z, <,H"<L,H"<4>@< &F, $@:\T, 2:@JB@HD,$:b`H JR"V4,Fb 4 <@:@*,0\ & P,:@<. 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E@(:"F>@ B@F:,*>4< *">>Z< >"P4@>":\>@(@ @$F:,*@&">4b, BD@&,*,>>@(@ & E@,*4>,>>@< 7@D@:,&FH&,12, JD@&,>\ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 8@8"4>@< FD,*4 :4P & &@2D"FH, @H 16 *@ 29 :,H &@2D@F F 1 BD@P,>H" & 1994 (@*J *@ 3 BD@P,>H@& & 1998 (@*J. =,BD@B@DP4@>":\>@ &ZF@84, H,<BZ D@FH" <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 8@8"4>@< @H<,R":4F\ & 9@>*@>, 4 >,8@H@DZN *DJ(4N 8DJB>ZN (@D@*"N E@,*4>,>>@(@ 7@D@:,&FH&", (*, BD@42@T:@ FJV,FH&,>>@, J&,:4R,>4, B@8"2"H,:,6 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b ^H4< >"D8@H48@<. !<FH,D*"< b&:b,HFb ,*4>FH&,>>Z< (@D@*@< +&D@BZ, & 8@H@D@< 4<,`HFb $@:\T4, B@HD,$>@FH4 & :,R,>44 & F&b24 F@ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4,< 8@8"4>@<. % 1997 (@*J 37,5 BD@P,>H" F:JR",& B,D&4R>@(@ @$D"V,>4b 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` & !<FH,D*"<, $Z:4 F&b2">Z F@ 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4,< 8@8"4>@<7. ?*>"8@ ^H4 P4LDZ @F>@&">Z :4T\ >" *">>ZN @ 8@:4R,FH&, "<$J:"H@D>ZN $@:\>ZN, RH@ <@0,H @F:@0>bH\ F@B@FH"&:,>4, *">>ZN B@ !<FH,D*"<J F *">>Z<4 B@ *DJ(4< (@D@*"<. 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E JR,H@< *DJ(4N FHD"> O,>HD":\>@6 4 %@FH@R>@6 +&D@BZ R4F:@ 4>L4P4D@&">>ZN, F@(:"F>@ @P,>8, ?$X,*4>,>>@6 4 F@&<,FH>@ @D(">42@&">>@6 BD@(D"<<Z ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ &4DJFJ 4<<J>@*,L4P4H" R,:@&,8"/F4>*D@<J BD4@$D,H,>>@(@ 4<<J>@*,L4P4H" 4 %F,<4D>@6 @D(">42"P44 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b, J&,:4R4:@F\ & 1999 (@*J >" @*>J HD,H\ 4 & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b F@FH"&:b,H B@Db*8" 360 000 HZFbR R,:@&,8. % C@FF46F8@6 K,*,D"P44 B@RH4 B@:@&4>" &F,N F:JR",& 4>L4P4D@&">4b %3Q $Z:" JFH">@&:,>" & H,R,>4, B,D&ZN *,&bH4 <,FbP,& 1999 (@*". % ^H@< D,(4@>, @F>@&>@6 BD4R4>@6 4>L4P4D@&">4b FR4H",HFb JB@HD,$:,>4, >"D8@H48@& BJH,< 4>X,8P46. =,2"&4F4<@ @H N"D"8H,D" D"FBD@FHD">,>>@6 BD"8H484 &&,*,>4b 4>X,8P46 F"<4 D"FH&@DZ >"D8@H48@& H@0, <@(JH F@2*"H\ @B"F>@FH\ B,D,*"R4 %3Q 42-2" 4FB@:\2J,<ZN & ^H@< D,(4@>, <,H@*@& BD4(@H@&:,>4b H"84N D"FH&@D@&. 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M@Hb & "$F@:`H>@< &ZD"0,>44 R4F:@ F:JR",& %3Q @FH",HFb *@&@:\>@ >4284<, 9=3 &F, R"V, b&:b`HFb @F>@&>Z<4 B,D,>@FR48"<4 4>L,8P44. % >"R":, 1999 (@*" ,*4>FH&,>>Z<4 >@&Z<4 >,2"&4F4<Z<4 (@FJ*"DFH&"<4, 8@H@DZ, B@b&4:4F\ & D,2J:\H"H, D"FB"*" E@&,HF8@(@ E@`2", (*, >, $Z:4 2"D,(4FHD4D@&">Z F:JR"4 4>L4P4D@&">4b %3Q FD,*4 9=3, $Z:4 ]FH@>4b 4 GJD8<,>4FH">. 34. ?HFJHFH&4, B@:>@P,>>ZN 4FH@R>48@& 4>L@D<"P44 & D,(4@>, F*,D04&",H 42JR,>4, &@2<@0>@FH,6 D"FT4D,>4b <"FTH"$@& BD"8H484 4FB@:\2@&">4b 4>X,8P46 4 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q. % R"FH>@FH4, B@8"2"H,:4 <"FTH"$@& 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 BJH,< 4>X,8P46 & D,(4@>, FJV,FH&,>>@ D"2:4R"`HFb, 4 4<,`V4,Fb *">>Z, >, B@2&@:b`H BD,*B@:@04H\, RH@ &@ &F,N D"6@>"N 4<,`HFb 2>"R4H,:\>Z, B@BJ:bP44 :4P, JB@HD,$:b`V4N >"D8@H484 BJH,< 4>X,8P46. G,< >, <,>,, 4<,`HFb *@FH"H@R>Z, F&,*,>4b, J8"2Z&"`V4, >" H@, RH@ D"FBD@FHD">,>4, %3Q FD,*4 9=3 & *">>@< D,(4@>, F@2*",H @R,>\ F,D\,2>J` J(D@2J. 35. 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G,< >, <,>,, >,8@H@DZ, *">>Z, J8"2Z&"`H >" H@, RH@ & ^H4N FHD">"N <@0,H BD@42@6H4 J&,:4R,>4, B@8"2"H,:,6 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q. ="BD4<,D, 48 BD@P,>H@& R,:@&,8, &B,D&Z, @$D"H4&T4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` & AD"(, (Q,TF8"b C,FBJ$:48"), B@:\2@&":4F\ @$V4<4 TBD4P"<4 & H,R,>4, <,FbP", BD,*T,FH&@&"&T,(@ @$D"V,>4` 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`. % #D"H4F:"&, ^H@H B@8"2"H,:\ F@FH"&:b: 37 BD@P,>H@&7. 7"8 *@:(@ B@8"2"H,:\ 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q FD,*4 9=3 & ^H@< D,(4@>, $J*,H @FH"&"H\Fb >" >Z>,T>,< >428@< JD@&>, - >,42&,FH>@. 3F8:`R,>4,< 42 ^H4N FHD"> b&:b,HFb A@:\T", (*, 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH\ %3Q FD,*4 9=3 $Z:" &Zb&:,>" & 8@>P, 80-N (@*@&. % >"FH@bV,, &D,<b ,0,(@*>@ &Zb&:b,HFb & FD,*>,< @H 360 *@ 600 >@&ZN F:JR",& 2"D"0,>4b %3Q20. % FHD">"N #":8">F8@(@ D,(4@>" B@FH,B,>>@ &ZD4F@&Z&",HFb H"8"b 0, F4HJ"P4b, RH@ 4 & O,>HD":\>@6 4 %@FH@R>@6 +&D@B,. ?$>"DJ0,>Z B@BJ:bP44 :4P, 4FB@:\2J`V4N 4>X,8P44, >@ JD@&,>\ D"FBD@FHD">,>>@FH4 %3Q & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b b&:b,HFb @R,>\ >4284<, >,F<@HDb >" >,D,*8@ &FHD,R"`V4,Fb L@D<Z B@&,*,>4b, F@BDb0,>>Z, F D4F8@<. ="BD4<,D, & 1997 (@*J B@:@04H,:\>"b D,"8P4b >" %3Q $Z:" @H<,R,>" :4T\ J 1,3 BD@P,>H" :4P, &B,D&Z, @$D"H4&T4NFb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\` & E@L44, N@Hb 40 BD@P,>H@& H"84N :4P F@@$V4:4 @$ 4FB@:\2@&">44 @$V4N TBD4P,& & H,R,>4, <,FbP", BD,*T,FH&@&"&T,(@ @$D"V,>4` 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`7. E@(:"F>@ 4<,`V,6Fb 4>L@D<"P44, & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b & #":8">F8@< D,(4@>, 2>"R4H,:\>Z6 JD@&,>\ 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q FD,*4 9=3 @H<,R",HFb :4T\ & E,D$44 4 Q,D>@(@D44. 36. %,D@bH>@FH\ D@FH" JD@&>b 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q & D,2J:\H"H, JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& BJH,< 4>X,8P46 FJV,FH&J,H H"80, & E,&,D>@6 !LD48, 4 >" #:40>,< %@FH@8,. IB@HD,$:,>4, >"D8@H48@& BJH,< 4>X,8P46 J0, b&:b,HFb @F>@&>@6 BD4R4>@6 EA3) & #"ND,6>, 4 B@RH4 B@:@&4>Z &F,N 4>L,8P4@>>ZN 2"$@:,&">46 & 3F:"<F8@6 C,FBJ$:48, 3D">. % +(4BH, F 4FB@:\2@&">4,< 4>X,8P46 F&b2">@ @8@:@ 10 BD@P,>H@& F:JR",& 4>L4P4D@&">>@FH4 %3Q17. QH@ 8"F",HFb !LD484 & P,:@<, H@, F@(:"F>@ 4<,`V4<Fb *">>Z<, D@FH <"FTH"$@& 4FB@:\2@&">4b 4>X,8P46 >"$:`*",HFb & FHD">"N E,&,D>@6 !LD484, D"FB@:@0,>>ZN >" ED,*42,<>@< <@D,. ?*>"8@ ^H@ >, D"FBD@FHD">b,HFb >" @FH":\>J` R"FH\ 8@>H4>,>H". QH@ 8"F",HFb P,>HD":\>@6 4 `0>@6 R"FH,6 !LD484, H@ JB@HD,$:,>4, >"D8@H48@& BJH,< 4>X,8P46 &FHD,R",HFb 8D"6>, D,*8@, " D"FBD@FHD">,>4, %3Q F&b2">@ (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< F B@:@&Z<4 F&b2b<4. ="BD4<,D, & _0>@6 !LD48, :4P", @$D"V"`V4,Fb 2" <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V\`, 8D"6>, D,*8@ F@@$V"`H @$ 4FB@:\2@&">44 4>X,8P46 *:b &&,*,>4b 8"8@(@-:4$@ >"D8@H48" (@H 0 *@ 3 BD@P,>H@& & 2"&4F4<@FH4 @H <,FH" BD@&,*,>4b @BD@F")2. ]8FBD,FF-@P,>8", BD@&,*,>>"b & =4(,D44 & 1998 (@*J, B@8"2":" H"80,, RH@ &&,*,>4, 4>X,8P46 (,D@4>" BD"8H48@&":@ @8@:@ 10 BD@P,>H@& :4P, @BD@T,>>ZN >" J:4P"N21 (>,F:JR"6>"b &Z$@D8" :4P, JB@HD,$:b`V4N 14 +/CN.7/2000/4 >"D8@H484). ]H4 *">>Z, B@2&@:b`H F*,:"H\ &Z&@* @ H@<, RH@ <,H@* JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& BJH,< 4>X,8P46 42&,FH,> & FHD">"N O,>HD":\>@6 4 _0>@6 !LD484, >@ H"8"b BD"8H48" D"FBD@FHD">,>" @R,>\ @(D">4R,>>@. % H@ 0, &D,<b B@ <>@(4< FHD">"< *">>Z, @ L@D<"N, N"D"8H,D, 4 H,>*,>P4bN JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48@& BD@FH@ @HFJHFH&J`H. ]H@ ,V, D"2 J8"2Z&",H >" >,@$N@*4<@FH\ F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4b F4FH,< <@>4H@D4>(" >" &F,< "LD48">F8@< 8@>H4>,>H,. 37. 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EJ*b B@ 4<,`V4<Fb *">>Z<, JB@HD,$:,>4, (,D@4>" BJH,< 4>X,8P46 FH">@&4HFb &F, $@:,, B@BJ:bD>Z< &@ %\,H>"<,8, $Z:@ @H<,R,>@ >,*"&>@ & 9"@FF8@6 ="D@*>@),<@8D"H4R,F8@6 C,FBJ$:48, 4 J0, *@FH"H@R>@ *"&>@ BD"8H48J,HFb & EB,P4":\>@< "*<4>4FHD"H4&>@< D"6@>, (E!C) 74H"b '@>8@>(, 4 G"4:">*,22. E@(:"F>@ @P,>8"<, & 1995 (@*J & ;":"6244 77 BD@P,>H@& F:JR",& %3Q BD4N@*4:4F\ >" 9=324. A@ F@FH@b>4` >" 4`>\ 1997 (@*", @$V,, R4F:@ %3Q-4>L4P4D@&">>ZN F@FH"&:b:@ 21 863 R,:@&,8", 76 BD@P,>H@& 42 8@H@DZN @H>@F4:4F\ 8 8"H,(@D44 9=322. % 3>*44 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4, >"D8@H48"<4 BJH,< &>JHD4&,>>ZN 4>X,8P46 B@:JR",H &F, $@:,, T4D@8@, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, FD,*4 >"D8@<">@& >" B@R&, @B4"H@&. 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M@R,HFb >"*,bH\Fb, RH@, <Z, >"8@>,P, &ZB@:>4< 2"*"RJ ,*4>ZN @$V,<4D@&ZN B@8"2"H,:,6 &ZD"$@H84. AD4<,R">4b 18 1 ?L4P4":\>Z, @HR,HZ ]8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 4 E@P4":\>@(@ E@&,H", 1997 (@*, )@B@:>,>4, (E/1997/28/Rev.1 4 E/CN.7/1997/12/Rev.1), R"FH\ B,D&"b, BJ>8H 80(")). 2 South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use, "Monitoring alcohol and drug abuse trends in South Africa (July 1996-December 1998)", Research Brief, vol. 2, No. 1, 1998. 3 UNDCP, The Drug Nexus in Africa (Vienna, March 1999). 4 National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Drug trends in the United States and NIDA activities", paper presented to the Council of Europe/Pompidou Group twenty-ninth meeting of epidemiological experts in drug problems, held in Strasbourg on 7 and 8 June 1999. 5 Community Epidemiology Work Group, "Epidemiologic trends in drug abuse" (Rockville, Maryland, 1998). 6 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Extended Annual Report on the State of the Drugs Problem in the European Union (Lisbon, 1999). 7 "Treated drug users in 23 European cities: data 1997, trends 1996-97", final report of the Pompidou Group project on treatment demand (Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 1999). 8 "Report of the Asian Multicity Epidemiology Work Group", Centre for Drug Research International Monograph Series (Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia, December 1998). 9 National Institute on Drug Abuse, Monitoring the Future (Bethesda, Maryland, 1999), and news release (17 December 1999). 10 Shane Darke and others, "Illicit drug use in Australia: epidemiolody, use patterns and associated harm" (Sydney, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 1999). 11 UNDCP Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific, "Regional drug abuse update - July 1999" (Bangkok, 1999). 12 Malcom Ramsay and Sarah Partridge, Drug Misuse Declared in 1998: Results from the British Crime Survey, Home Office Research Study 197 (London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1999). 13 National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Annual Surveillance Report (Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 1999). 14 Gerry Stimson, Don C. Des Jarlais and Andrew Ball, Drug Injecting and HIV Infection (World Health Organization, 1998). 15 United Nations International Drug Control Programme, Global Illicit Drug Trends (New York, 1999). 16 National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Report on the inaugural meeting of the Global Research Network on HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations" (Bethesda, Maryland, 1998). 17 Joint United Nations Programme on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization, "AIDS epidemic update" (December 1999). 18 National Institute on Drug Abuse, "25 years of discovery to advance the health of the public" (Bethesda, Maryland, 1999). 19 Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD and TB, "HIV/AIDS Epi Updates" (Ottawa, 1998). 20 K. Dehne, "The HIV epidemic in central and eastern Europe: update", report prepared for UNAIDS (August 1999). 8 +/CN.7/2000/4 21 Centre for African Settlement Studies and Development, "The drugs nexus in Africa: Nigeria", study prepared for UNDCP (Ibadan, Nigeria, 1998). 22 Asian Harm Reduction Network, "The hidden epidemic: a situation assessment of drug use in south-east and east Asia in the context of HIV vulnerability" (Bangkok, 1998). 23 Department of Health of Myanmar, AIDS prevention and control project, "Sentinel surveillance data for March 1998". 24 "Exploratory studies on drug abuse in the Asian region", Centre for Drug Rese"rch International Monograph Series (Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1997). 25 European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, "Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe: report on tuberculosis cases notified in 1997" (Saint-Maurice, France, 1997). 26 N. Crofts and others, "Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Australia", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 51:0 (1997). 27 National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, press release (Sydney, Australia, 7 December 1999). 19 AD4:@0,>4, )">>Z, @ H,>*,>P4bN & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b >"D8@H48"<4 4 BD,*FH"&:,>44 FHD">"<4 @H&,H@& G"$:4P" 1 )">>Z, @ H,>*,>P4bN & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b (,D@4>@< (Q4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 48) G,>*,>P4b C,(4@>Z 4 FHD">Z, BD,*FH"&4&T4, @H&,HZ & 1998 (@*J" I&,:4R,>4, ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 31 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 64 !LD48" (6): '">", 14<$"$&,, 94&46F8"b !D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b, ;"&D4846, ;"D@88@, ?$X,*4>,>>"b C,FBJ$:48" G">2">4b #:40>46 4 ED,*>46 %@FH@8 (3): 3@D*">4b, 7J&,6H, E4D46F8"b !D"$F8"b C,FBJ$:48" EHD">Z !<,D484 (3): 7">"*", 7@:J<$4b, ;,8F48" !24b (11): 3>*4b, 3>*@>,24b, 74H"6, C,FBJ$:48" 7@D,b, 7ZD(Z2FH">, ;":"624b, E4>("BJD, G"*0484FH">, I2$,84FH">, K4:4BB4>Z, SD4-9">8" +&D@B" (8): !&FHD4b, #,:"DJF\, #@:("D4b, $Z&T"b _(@F:"&F8"b C,FBJ$:48" ;"8,*@>4b, 3D:">*4b, =@D&,(4b, C@FF46F8"b K,*,D"P4b, E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ #,2 42<,>,>46 ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 7 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 15 EHD">Z !<,D484 (2): A">"<", EJD4>"< ED,*>46 %@FH@8 (1): #"ND,6> +&D@B" (4): %,>(D4b, 9`8F,<$JD(, A@DHJ(":4b, S&,P4b E@8D"V,>4, ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 9 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 21 !24b (4): #DJ>,6-)"DJFF":"<, '@>8@>(, ;\b><", G"4:">* +&D@B" (5): 3FB">4b, 94NH,>TH,6>, KD">P4b, Q,TF8"b C,FBJ$:48", S&,6P"D4b 3FH@R>48: %@BD@F>48 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"<. 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F ;);! - F@8D"V,>4,. d !<L,H"<4> - F@8D"V,>4,. , ;,H"<L,H"<4> - F@8D"V,>4,. f ;);! - $,2 42<,>,>4b. b G"$:4P" 3 )">>Z, @ H,>*,>P4bN & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 8@8"4>@< (Q4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 52) G,>*,>P4b C,(4@>Z 4 FHD">Z, BD,*FH"&4&T4, @H&,HZ & 1998 (@*J" I&,:4R,>4, ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 34 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 64 !LD48" (5): '">", 14<$"$&,, 7"<,DJ>, ;"D@88@, ?$X,*4>,>>"b C,FBJ$:48" G">2">4b #:40>46 4 ED,*>46 %@FH@8 (2): 3@D*">4b, 94&"> EHD">Z !<,D484 (10): #@:4&4b, #D"24:4b, '&"H,<":", 7">"*", 7@FH"-C48", ;,8F48", =48"D"(J", EJD4>"<, Q4:4, ]8&"*@D !24b (3): '@>8@>(, C,FBJ$:48" 7@D,b, I2$,84FH"> +&D@B" (14): !&FHD4b, #@:("D4b, $Z&T"b `(@F:"&F8"b C,FBJ$:48" ;"8,*@>4b, %,>(D4b, ',D<">4b, 3D:">*4b, 3FB">4b, 94NH,>TH,6>, ;":\H", =@D&,(4b, C@FF46F8"b K,*,D"P4b, E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ %,:48@$D4H">44 4 E,&,D>@6 3D:">*44, KD">P4b, S&,P4b. #,2 42<,>,>46 ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 13 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 15 EHD">Z !<,D484 (4): 'D,>"*", 7@:J<$4b, 7@FH"-C48", A">"<" !24b (2): G"4:">*, aB@>4b #:40>46 4 ED,*>46 %@FH@8 (2): 7J&,6H, E4D46F8"b !D"$F8"b C,FBJ$:48" +&D@B" (5): #,:"DJF\, 9`8F,<$JD(, Q,TF8"b C,FBJ$:48", S&,6P"D4b ?8,">4b (1): =@&"b 1,:">*4b E@8D"V,>4, ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 4 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 8 3FH@R>48: %@BD@F>48 8 ,0,(@*>Z< *@8:"*"<. " % F8@$8"N J8"2">@ R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ. !<,D48" (2): #"("<F84, @FHD@&", E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ !<,D484 !24b (2): ;"8"@, K4:4BB4>Z G"$:4P" 4 )">>Z, @ H,>*,>P4bN & @$:"FH4 2:@JB@HD,$:,>4b 8">>"$4F@< (Q4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ, - 64) G,>*,>P4b C,(4@>Z 4 FHD">Z, BD,*FH"&4&T4, @H&,HZ & 1998 (@*J" I&,:4R,>4, ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 38 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 59 !LD48" (6): '">", 14<$"$&,, 7"<,DJ>, 94&46F8"b !D"$F8"b )0"<"N4D4b, ;"&D4846, ;"D@88@ EHD">Z !<,D484 (10): #"("<F84, @FHD@&", #@:4&4b, #D"24:4b, 7@:J<$4b, 7@FH"-C48", =48"D"(J", E@,*4>,>>Z, SH"HZ !<,D484, EJD4>"<, Q4:4, ]8&"*@D !24b (6): '@>8@>(, 3>*@>,24b, 7"2"NFH">, C,FBJ$:48" 7@D,b, ;\b><", aB@>4b #:40>46 4 ED,*>46 %@FH@8 (1): 7J&,6H +&D@B" (15): !&FHD4b, #,:"DJF\, #@:("D4b, $Z&T"b _(@F:"&F8"b C,FBJ$:48" ;"8,*@>4b, %,>(D4b, ',D<">4b, 3FB">4b, 94NH,>TH,6>, ;@:*@&", =@D&,(4b, K4>:b>*4b, KD">P4b, Q,TF8"b C,FBJ$:48", S&,6P"D4b, S&,P4b #,2 42<,>,>46 ?$V,, R4F:@ FHD">, BD,*FH"&4&T4N @H&,HZ - 16 )@:b @H &F,N *@8:"*@& 2" 1998 (@* & BD@P,>H"N - 25 !LD48" (2): ="<4$4b, ?$X,*4>,>>"b C,FBJ$:48" G">2">4b EHD">Z !<,D484 (5): '&"H,<":", 'D,>"*", 7">"*", ;,8F48", A">"<" !24b (3): #DJ>,6-)"DJFF":"<, I2$,84FH">, SD4-9">8" +&D@B" (5): 3D:">*4b, ;":\H", A@DHJ(":4b, C@FF46F8"b K,*,D"P4b, E@,*4>,>>@, 7@D@:,&FH&@ %,:48@$D4H">44 4 E,&,D>@6 3D:">*44 ?8,">4b (1): =@&"b 1,:">*4b. 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