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l(N(r-6G%)(P(!4194149G%/(!(F9,209G%N(N(#<0&76&D(%!(S%N@1-90%!"#$%&'(%).*. +,-',.,, 2008.
161 2.
8. Bonneau J. Guessing human-chosen secrets // Technical Report UCAM-CL-TR-819. 2012.
161 p.
9. Burnett M. Perfect Password: Selection, Protection, Authentication. Syngress Publishing,
2006.194 p.
10. Burr W.E. and etc. Electronic Authentication Guideline // NIST Special Publication 800-631. 2011. 110 p.
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11. Information Assurance Implementation // Department of Defense Instruction 8500.2. 2003.
102 p.
12. PCI DSS Requirements and Security Assessment Procedures. Version 2.0. PCI Security
Standards Council LLC. 2010. 75 p.
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