техніка й технологія застосування підривних робіт на денній

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In article the basic stages of the researches executed within the limits of realization
of the project of deepening of the basic open-cast mine «Iron» Open Society
«Kovdorsky GOK» are stated. The basic results reached in the field of contour
blasting, in the field of explosive crushing of rocks, in the field of seismic action of
mass explosions are shown.
Key words: open-cast mine, mass explosion, hole charges, velocity of detonation,
seismic action of explosion.
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9K><>9CG L=C>:8IGG, <8@<8A>C8:8 :>H8P O=C>LGK8 >A<8A>CKG L8::TD,
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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G9KEB78BW8P X8KC>< 96A[=KCGH:>?> 8:8EG@8 G@O=<=:GR G >A=9J=7GH8BW=R
O8K9GO8EN:6B 9C=J=:N L>9C>H=<:>9CG J>E678=OTD >I=:>K, 8 C8KM= <8@<8A>C8:8
O=C>LGK8 >I=:KG K87=9CH8 UO6EN9G>::TD H@<TH78CTD H=W=9CH, >9:>H8::8P :8
L8::TD >J=<8CGH:TD G@O=<=:GR 9K><>9CG L=C>:8IGG 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H G
G9J>EN@>H8:GG O=C>L>H O8C=O8CG7=9K>R 9C8CG9CGKG [14, 15].
/TJ>E:=: A>ENS>R >A[YO 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H 9 J<GO=:=:G=O 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H <8@:>?> LG8O=C<8. -=R9O>G@O=<=:GP
J<>H>LGEG9N 9 G9J>EN@>H8:G=O K>OJE=KC8 9=<CGXGIG<>H8::>R 8JJ8<8C6<T XG<OT
«Instantel» (%8:8L8), HKEB78BW=?> 8-K8:8EN:TR 9=R9O>G@O=<GC=EN «Minimate Plus»
(9=<GP III), 9C8:L8<C:T= C<=DK>OJ>:=:C:T= 9=R9O>J<G=O:GKG (ISEE H=<9GP,
<8A>7GR LG8J8@>: 789C>C 2 – 250 *I), OGK<>X>:T G 9>=LG:GC=EN:T= K8A=EG, 8
C8KM= 9J=IG8EG@G<>H8::>= J<>?<8OO:>= >A=9J=7=:G= «Blast ware advanced module»
LEP >A<8A>CKG J>E67=::TD 9=R9O>?<8OO.
#8 J=<H>O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG 69C8:>HE=:T <8@O=<T @>:
<8@6J<>7:=:GP CTEN:>R 789CG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 J<G H@<TH8:GG 69C6J>H
9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG <8@:>?> LG8O=C<8 G <8@:>R ?E6AG:T (12 – 15 O). %8K
J>K8@8EG <=@6ENC8CT >JTC:>-J<>OTSE=::TD <8A>C [16], =9EG J<G H@<TH= H9=?>
AE>K8 J<GO=:PBC9P 9KH8MG::T= @8<PLT LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO, C> <8@O=<
@>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C 29 – 30 O. / 9E678=, K>?L8 >9:>H:>R >A[=O AE>K8
H@<TH8=C9P 9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8, 8 J>9E=L:G= LH8-C<G
<PL8 – 9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG 6O=:NS=::>?> (165.0 – 171.4 OO) LG8O=C<8, <8@O=<
@>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C 18 – 20 O. !9EG M= H=9N AE>K H@<TH8=C9P
9KH8MG::TOG @8<PL8OG 6O=:NS=::>?> LG8O=C<8 G J<G UC>O G9J>EN@6=C9P GD J>9KH8MG::>= G:GIGG<>H8:G=, <8@O=< @>:T <8@6J<>7:=:GP 9>9C8HEP=C H9=?> 9 – 10 O.
- 67=C>O J>E67=::TD <=@6ENC8C>H ATE8 <8@<8A>C8:8, 8J<>AG<>H8:8 G
<=K>O=:L>H8:8 LEP H:=L<=:GP H J<8KCGK6 :>H8P C=D:>E>?GP 4/2 J> O=<=
J<GAEGM=:GP AE>K>H K J<=L=EN:>O6 K>:C6<6 K8<N=<8, >9:>H8::8P :8 J<G:IGJ=
J>UC8J:>?> 6O=:NS=:GP H@<TH:>?> H>@L=R9CHGP :8 @8K>:C6<:TR O899GH: <8A>7GR
AE>K J<>=KC:>R SG<G:T >A6<GH8=C9P L>E>C8OG LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO
(9D=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H LG8?>:8EN:T= 9 <8@EG7:TOG
K>UXXGIG=:C8OG 9AEGM=:GP 9KH8MG: G <8@EG7:TOG 6?E8OG :8KE>:8 LG8?>:8E=R K
EG:GG J=<H>?> <PL8 9KH8MG:); H J=<=D>L:>O AE>K= SG<G:>R 30 – 50 O A6<PC9P
9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 244.5 – 250.8 OO, 8 H =?> J<GK>:C6<:>R 789CG SG<G:>R :=
O=:== 10 O – 9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 171.4 OO (9D=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP
LG8?>:8EN:T= 9 <8@EG7:TOG K>UXXGIG=:C8OG 9AEGM=:GP 9KH8MG: G <8@EG7:TOG
6?E8OG :8KE>:8 LG8?>:8E=R K EG:GG J=<H>?> <PL8 9KH8MG:); H J<GK>:C6<:>O
AE>K= SG<G:>R := A>E== 20 O A6<PC9P 9KH8MG:T LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 171.4 OO
(G:GIGG<>H8:G= J>9KH8MG::>=). 0<G UC>O X><OG<>H8:G= K>:C6<:>R W=EG
I=E=9>>A<8@:> J<>G@H>LGCN >L:>H<=O=::> 9> H@<TH>O J=<=D>L:>?> AE>K8, EGA>
L> H@<TH8 J=<=D>L:>?> AE>K8.
#8 HC><>O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG HTPHE=:T >9>A=::>9CG <=8KIGG :8
LG:8OG7=9K>= H>@L=R9CHG= H=<D:GD (?<6:C>HTD G ?<6:C>H>-J><>L:TD) 69C6J>H
K8<N=<8, J>9C8HE=::TD H K>:=7:>= J>E>M=:G= J> <8:== 96W=9CH>H8HS=R
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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C=D:>E>?GG. / <=@6ENC8C= ATEG HTPHE=:T 6789CKG 9 J>HTS=::>R <=8KIG=R :8
LG:8OG7=9K>= :8?<6M=:G= G J<>PHE=:GPOG C=D:>E>?G7=9KG @:87GOTD ?<6:C>HTD
G ?<6:C>H>-J><>L:TD >9TJ=R. 0>9E= L=C8EN:>?> 8:8EG@8 J>E67=::TD L8::TD
ATEG 69C8:>HE=:T J<G7G:T C8K>R <=8KIGG (@:87GC=EN:8P >AH>L:Y::>9CN
6789CK8), <8@<8A>C8:T G <=8EG@>H8:T O=<>J<GPCGP J> H>L>>CH=L=:GB.
#8 C<=CN=O UC8J= 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR ATEG HTPHE=:T >9>A=::>9CG <=8KIGG
:8 LG:8OG7=9K>= H>@L=R9CHG= J><>L:TD 69C6J>H :8 9<=L:GD G :GM:GD 6789CK8D
A><C8 K8<N=<8. / <=@6ENC8C= ATE8 J>LCH=<ML=:8 I=E=9>>A<8@:>9CN
<8R>:G<>H8:GP K8<N=<8 J> 9C=J=:G 9=R9O>>J89:>9CG J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H, 8 C8KM= HTPHE=:8 H>@O>M:>9CN >I=:KG 9C<6KC6<:>?> ?=>E>?>-9C<6KC6<:>?> 9>9C>P:GP 69C6J>H J> <=@6ENC8C8O >J=<8CGH:TD 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR.
4TE8 C8KM= HTJ>E:=:8 >I=:K8 UXX=KCGH:>9CG (J> X8KC><6 9=R9OG7=9K>?>
L=R9CHGP O899>HTD H@<TH>H) UE=KC<>::TD L=C>:8C><>H HT9>K>R C>7:>9CG
G:GIGG<>H8:GP.
/ J=<G>L 9 19 J> 23 P:H8<P 2010 ?. H J<>G@H>L9CH=::TD 69E>HGPD <6L:GK8
«V=E=@:TR» (&( «%>HL><9KGR *(%» ATEG J<>H=L=:T J<GYO>7:T= G9JTC8:GP
UE=KC<>::>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «I-konTM» J> . 7287-017-23308410-2008.
,8<PM8:G= 9KH8MG: G O>:C8M H@<TH:>R 9=CG J<>G@H>LGE9P 9 19 J> 23 P:H8<P.
5899>HTR H@<TH – 23 P:H8<P. / <8OK8D J<>?<8OOT G9JTC8:GR ATEG
>96W=9CHE=:T @8O=<T 6<>H:P 9=R9OG7=9KGD K>E=A8:GR >C O899>H>?> H@<TH8
LH6D AE>K>H G >C<=@:>R W=EG, LEP G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H K>C><TD
G9J>EN@>H8EG9N UE=KC<>::T= L=C>:8C><T (XG<OT «Orica»). ->J>9C8HE=:G=
<=@6ENC8C>H 9=R9O>G@O=<=:GR, J>E67=::TD 23 P:H8<P, 9 <=@6ENC8C8OG
9=R9O>G@O=<=:GR, HTJ>E:=::TD <8:== (J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG 9G9C=OT
:=UE=KC<G7=9K>?>
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H@<TH>H J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG UE=KC<>::>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «I-konTM» G
J<G G9J>EN@>H8:GG :=UE=KC<G7=9K>R 9G9C=OT G:GIGG<>H8:GP «]K9UE» :=
>A:8<6M=:>.
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>A=9J=7GH8BWG= J<G H@<TH8:GG 9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H LG8O=C<>O 165.0 – 250.8
OO K87=9CH=::>= L<>AE=:G= J><>LT G X><OG<>H8:G= K>OJ8KC:>?> <8@H8E8
H@><H8::>R ?><:>R O899T, G:C=:9GH:>9CN 9=R9OG7=9K>?> L=R9CHGP O899>H>?>
H@<TH8 >J<=L=EP=C9P EGSN H=EG7G:>R @8<PL8 H 9KH8MG:8D G K>EG7=9CH>O
9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H H K8ML>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP, K>C><>= @8HG9GC C>ENK> >C
HTA<8::>R 9D=OT O>:C8M8 H@<TH:>R 9=CG G := @8HG9GC >C G9J>EN@6=O>R 9G9C=OT
G:GIGG<>H8:GP.
0<G:GO8P H> H:GO8:G= L>J69CGOT= >CKE>:=:GP H<=O=:G 9<8A8CTH8:GP
L=C>:8C><>H
:=UE=KC<G7=9K>R
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6H=<=::>9CG 6CH=<ML8CN, 7C> L8M= H J<=L=E8D >L:>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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(J69CN L8M= 9 :=A>ENS>R <8@:GI=R H 2 – 3 O9, K>C><8P, >L:8K>, 9>J>9C8HGO8 9>
H<=O=:=O L=C>:8IGG K>E>:KG 9KH8MG::>?> @8<PL8 LEG:>R 10 – 15 O, 7C> G
J<GH>LGC K <8@L=E=:GB 9=R9OG7=9KGD GOJ6EN9>H >C K8ML>?> 9KH8MG::>?> @8<PL8
>L:>R 9C6J=:G @8O=LE=:GP). 0<G UC>O :8E>M=:GP 9>9=L:GD 9C6J=:=R @8O=LE=:GP
:= J<>G9D>LGC, 7C> >A=9J=7GH8=C @8L8::6B J>9E=L>H8C=EN:>9CN H@<TH8:GP
9KH8MG::TD @8<PL>H. 0>UC>O6 J<G 6K8@8::TD G:C=<H8E8D @8O=LE=:GP
:=>AD>LGO>9CN J<GO=:=:GP HT9>K>C>7:TD UE=KC<>::TD 9G9C=O G:GIGG<>H8:GP 9
I=ENB 9:GM=:GP G:C=:9GH:>9CG 9=R9OG7=9K>?> L=R9CHGP O899>HTD H@<TH>H
J<=L9C8HEP=C9P O8E>>A>9:>H8::>R. /O=9C= 9 C=O 9G9C=O8 «I-konTM», J>@H>EP=C
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H:6C<G9KH8MG::TD L=C>:8C><>H J>9E= @8<PM8:GP 9KH8MG: HJE>CN L> O>O=:C8
H@<TH8. 0>UC>O6 9 C>7KG @<=:GP >A=9J=7=:GP A=@>CK8@:>9CG G A=@>J89:>9CG
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?><8@L> A>E== HT9>K>R 9C6J=:NB 6<>H:P A=@>J89:>9CG H@<TH:TD <8A>C H
9<8H:=:GG 9 :=UE=KC<G7=9KGOG 9G9C=O8OG G:GIGG<>H8:GP. (L:8K> J>H9=O=9C:>=
J<GO=:=:G= UC>R 9G9C=OT J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD H@<TH>H H K8<N=<8D H
:89C>PW== H<=OP >?<8:G7GH8=C9P =Y HT9>K>R I=:>R.
]XX=KCGH:>9CN J<GO=:=:GP UE=KC<>::TD 9<=L9CH G:GIGG<>H8:GP LEP I=E=R
K>:C6<:>?> H@<TH8:GP H :89C>PW== H<=OP G@678=C9P, 8 J>E67=::T= <=@6ENC8CT
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@8KEB78=C9P H J>E67=:GG :>HTD @:8:GR > @8K>:>O=<:>9CPD LG:8OG7=9K>?>
:8?<6M=:GP J<GA><C>H>R 789CG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 J<G J<>G@H>L9CH= O899>HTD
H@<TH>H H K8<N=<=, H HTPHE=:GG >9>A=::>9C=R <=8KIGG J><>L:>?> O899GH8 :8
C8K>= :8?<6M=:G=. #8 >9:>H= :867:TD <=@6ENC8C>H 9=R9O>:8AEBL=:GR
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G >A>9:>H8: :>HTR G:X><O8CGH:TR J8<8O=C< >I=:KG G:C=:9GH:>9CG
LG:8OG7=9K>?> :8?<6M=:GP J><>L:>?> O899GH8 – H=EG7G:8 6L=EN:>?> (J>
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[17]. ]C>C J8<8O=C<, 67GCTH8BWGR >AW6B J<>L>EMGC=EN:>9CN O899>H>?>
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K>E=A8:GR, <=8EG@6=O>R H X><O= :=>A<8CGOTD J<>I=99>H (<8@6J<>7:=:G=
J><>L:>?> O899GH8), 8 C8KM= HTPHGCN J<G><GC=C:>= :8J<8HE=:G= LG:8OG7=9K>?>
:8?<6M=:GP 69C6J>H H C=D GEG G:TD 69E>HGPD.
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9>HO=9C:TOG 69GEGPOG H=L6WGD 9J=IG8EG9C>H (&( «%>HL><9KGR *(%» G
*><:>?> G:9CGC6C8 %#Z 2&#, J>LCH=<LGE H>@O>M:>9CN J<8KCG7=9K>R
<=8EG@8IGG K>:I=JIGG @:87GC=EN:>?> 6?E6AE=:GP K8<N=<8 @8 97YC 6K<67=:GP =?>
A><C>H J6CYO X><OG<>H8:GP H K>:=7:>O J>E>M=:GG 9LH>=::TD 69C6J>H 9
-6789:; <=96<9>=:=<?>@A=<;?8B7; C=D:>E>?;F ?;<:G7>?> HG<>A:GICH8. /GJ69K 1/2010(5).
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0(/!2"#$ ' . 0$1,!5#3" .5(/&"
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9>9C8H:>R 789CNB H C=D:>E>?G7=9KGR <=?E8O=:C, :8 >9:>H8:GG K>C><>?>
G:9CGC6C6 «*GJ<><6L8» ATE> HTL8:> 9>?E89>H8::>= 9 *>9?><C=D:8L@><>O
@8L8:G= :8 <8@<8A>CK6 J<>=KC8 «2=K>:9C<6KIGP K8<N=<8 9 I=ENB J>LL=<M8:GP
O>W:>9CG %>HL><9K>?> *(%8, 6H=EG7=:GP ?E6AG:T G J=<G>L8 >CK<TC>R
<8@<8A>CKG :8 >9:>H= 6K<67=:GP J>9C>P::TD A><C>H». / 9>>CH=C9CHGG 9 UCGO
J<>=KC>O J<=LJ>E8?8=C9P >C<8A>CK8 K8<N=<8 L> >CO=CKG «-650 O». %<>O= C>?>,
<=@6ENC8CT 9>HO=9C:TD G99E=L>H8:GR H >AE89CG 4/2 J>9E6MGEG >9:>H8:G=O LEP
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J><PL>K G CGJ>HT= 9D=OT H@<TH:>R J>L?>C>HKG AE>K>H H J<GK>:C6<:>R @>:=
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>J6AEGK>H8:> A>E== 20 <8A>C, H C>O 7G9E= LH= O>:>?<8XGG [18, 19].
/ @8KEB7=:G= 9E=L6=C >CO=CGCN, 7C> C=9:>= G JE>L>CH><:>= 9>C<6L:G7=9CH>
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9. ^>KG: /.&., 8<89>H *.!., >?6:>H 5.4., 18:GEKG: &.&., \GC>H `.&.
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L=C>:8IGG // / 9A. "/@<TH:>= L=E>" _ 102/59 2009 ?. -. 136 – 161.
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