совместное использование спутниковых и наземных

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2013. Ɍ. 10. ʋ 1. ɋ. 93–100
Ɇɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɪɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ: ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɇ.ɇ. ɉɟɪɰɟɜ 1, Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜ 2, ȿ.Ƚ. Ɇɟɪɡɥɹɤɨɜ 3, ȼ.ɂ. ɉɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ 1
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɉɛɭɯɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ
119017 Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɉɵɠɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪ., 3
E-mail: [email protected]
2
ȾɌɈɈ «ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ», ȺɈ «ɇɐɄɂɌ» ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, 050020, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ, ɝ. Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ, Ʉɚɦɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɨ
E-mail: [email protected]
3
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɎȽȻɍ ɇɉɈ «Ɍɚɣɮɭɧ», Ɋɨɫɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬ
249038, Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤ, ɭɥ. ɉɨɛɟɞɵ 4
E-mail: [email protected]
1
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɟ
ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ (ɆɇɌ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɢɦ 2007/08 ɢ 2009/10 ɝɝ. ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ (ȼɋɉ).
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɆɇɌ ɧɚ ȼɋɉ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ
ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɆɇɌ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ, ɩɪɢɥɢɜɵ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ȿɳɟ ɜ 70–80-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ (80–100 ɤɦ).
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ (Shefov, 1973; Schminder and Kürschner,
1981). ɇɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɟ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɤɚɤ UARS (ɩɪɢɛɨɪ MLS, 1991–2005 ɝɝ.) (Barath et al., 1993), TIMED (SABER c 2002 ɝ. ɩɨ ɧ/ɜ)
(Mlynczak, 1997), AURA (MLS, 2004 ɝ. ɩɨ ɧ/ɜ) (Schwartz et al., 2008). ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ, ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɢɦ (2007/08 ɢ 2009/10 ɝɝ.) c ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (ɆɇɌ) – ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ –
ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
93
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ
ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ 2007/08 ɢ 2009/10 ɝɝ., ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ: 1) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ (ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ~87 ɤɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10 ɤɦ), ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ
ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɂɄ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɦ. Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ɉɛɭɯɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ (55,7 oN,
36,8 oȿ) (ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2002) ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɨɦɟɬɪɚ SATI ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɨɧɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɜ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɟ (43,3 oN, 76,9 oȿ) (Sargoitchev et al., 2004); 2) ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ~90 ɤɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤɟ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ɇɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɇɉɈ «Ɍɚɣɮɭɧ» (ɉɨɪɬɧɹɝɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ., 2010); 3) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ 0,5 ɢ 0,2 ɉɚ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɦ 83,5 ɤɦ ɢ 88 ɤɦ)
c ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ MLS ɨɤɨɥɨɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ Aura (Schwartz
et al., 2008). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ
ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɚɯ Ɏ = 56º ɢ 43º ɫ. ɲ. ɋɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 10 ɝɉɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 60º ɫ. ɲ. ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ NOAA
(http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/temperature). ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ
ɂɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɚɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
Ɉɯɜɚɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ
(LT-ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ)
Ɉɯɜɚɬ
ɲɢɪɨɬɵ
ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɵɫɨɬɚ
ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɩɨɥɭɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɦ
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɨɬ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɬɪɚ (ɞɜɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ)
24 ɱɚɫɚ
ĭ = 55º, ȁ = 36º
90 ± 7
ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
8–12 ɱɚɫɨɜ
ɧɨɱɶɸ
ĭ = 57º, ȁ = 36º
ĭ = 43º, ȁ = 77º
87 ± 5
ȼ ɦɚɥɨɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɟ
ɧɨɱɢ
Ⱦɜɚ LT:
2 ɱɚɫɚ 30 ɦɢɧ
ɢ 13 ɱɚɫɨɜ
ȼɫɟ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ
ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ
88 ± 5;
83,5 ± 5
ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ:
Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ MLS/Aura
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɵɞɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɯɜɚɬɭ. Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɆɇɌ: ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ.
94
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɆɇɌ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1 (ɫɥɟɜɚ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɵ 2009/10 ɝ., ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ (ĭ = 56,1±1,5° ɫ. ɲ.,
ȁ = 35.5±7° ɜ. ɞ.). Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ
ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (LT) ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 3 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɜɡɹɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ LT § 2 ɱɚɫɚ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ.
ɐɜɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ MLS/Aura. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 1, ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MLS/Aura ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ (ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɚɹ
ɥɢɧɢɹ – ɟɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɢɧɹɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ – ɟɟ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ). ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ȼɋɉ ɫɥɚɛɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ. ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ
ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ (ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɢɫ. 1), ɯɨɬɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɚɥɦɚ-ɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɦ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɫ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɦ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɆɇɌ ɧɚ ȼɋɉ ɨɬ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɤ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɟ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɆɇɌ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɫɥɟɜɚ)
ɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ) ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ–ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2010 ɝ.
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: 1 – ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ;
2 – ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɫɭɦɦɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɧɚ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0,2 ɉɚ (88 ɤɦ) ɢ 0,5 ɉɚ (83,5 ɤɦ) ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MLS/Aura;
3 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɧɨ ɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ; 4 – ɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɧɚ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 0,2 ɉɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ MLS/Aura ɜɛɥɢɡɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ;
5 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɧɨ ɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ; 6 – ɬɨ ɠɟ , ɱɬɨ (4),
ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ 0,5 ɉɚ; 7 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ (6), ɧɨ ɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ;
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɭ
ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 10 ɝɉɚ (30 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2010 ɝ.)
95
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɬɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MLS/ Aura
ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɫɜɟɪɯɭ) ɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ (ɫɧɢɡɭ) ɢ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 0,2 ɉɚ
ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ–ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2010 ɝ. ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 10 ɝɉɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɬ 360–400° ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ 0–40°
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ MLS/Aura
ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɢɦɵ 2010 ɝ. ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɬ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɋɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɟɝɭɳɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɥɧɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɫ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ 1 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɝɪɟɛɧɟɦ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 200° ɜ. ɞ., ɚ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ 150° ɜ. ɞ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɧɟɟ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɛɟɝɭɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɫ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ 1 ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 10 ɫɭɬɨɤ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɭɩɟɪɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɥɧ (ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ
96
ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ) ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ȼɋɉ 2010 ɝ., ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɭɡɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɬ ɢ ɫɦɟɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɡɚɩɚɞɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɧɚ ȼɋɉ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ – ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɉ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɪɢɥɢɜɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɧɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ MLS/Aura (ɪɢɫ. 1). Ⱦɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɇɟɪɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ (ȼȽȼ) ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ). Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ (ɉɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɉɟɪɰɟɜ, 2013) ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɩɨɯ,
ȼȽȼ-ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ (24-, 12- ɢ 8-ɱɚɫɨɜɵɦɢ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ), ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3 ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɧɚɞ Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦ 2007/08
ɢ 2009/10 ɝɝ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɨɱɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ 0,9 ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɢɦ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 0,95 ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ
ɡɢɦ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɫɧɭɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɢ ɮɚɡ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉɇ
(ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ), ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ, ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ
(ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɉɛɧɢɧɫɤɟ) ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦ 2007/08 (ɫɥɟɜɚ) ɢ 2009/10 ɝɝ. (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ)
97
ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɬ 56° ɢ 43°, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ, ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ. Ɇɟɪɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ 0,2 ɢ 0,5 ɉɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MLS/Aura. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɪɢɫ. 2, ɫ ɬɟɦɢ
ɠɟ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɨ-ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɝɪɟɛɧɢ ɢ ɥɨɠɛɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ, ɚ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ,
ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ.
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɬɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɦɢ 0,2 ɢ 0,5 ɉɚ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ MLS/ Aura
ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ (ɫɜɟɪɯɭ) ɢ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ (ɫɧɢɡɭ) ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ–ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2010 ɝ.
ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɭ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 10 ɝɉɚ
98
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
1. Cɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɚɯ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɯ MLS/Aura ɜɛɥɢɡɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
2. ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ, ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ.
3. Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɦɟɡɨɫɮɟɪɵ – ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ, ɝɪɚɧɬ ʋ10-05-00198.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ɉɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ȼ.ɂ., ɉɟɪɰɟɜ ɇ.ɇ. ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɟɡɨɩɚɭɡɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɬɪɚɬɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ Ɂɜɟɧɢɝɨɪɨɞɟ // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ.
2013 (ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ).
2. ɉɨɪɬɧɹɝɢɧ ɘ.ɂ., Ɇɟɪɡɥɹɤɨɜ ȿ.Ƚ., ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚ Ɍ.ȼ., Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɇ.Ⱥ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. 2010. Ɍ. 1. ɋ. 201–217.
3. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ȼɚɤɚɧɚɫ ȼ.ȼ., ɉɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ȼ.ɂ., ɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɜ ɘ.Ⱥ., ɏɨɦɢɱ ȼ.ɘ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ // Ƚɟɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɡɦ
ɢ ɚɷɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ. 2002. Ɍ. 42. ʋ 3. ɋ. 407–414.
4. Barath F.T., Chavez M.C., CoÞeld R.E., Flower D.A., Frerking M.A.,. Gram M.B, Harris W.M.,
Holden J.R., Jarnot R.F., Kloezeman W.G., Klose G.J., Lau G.K., Loo M.S., Maddison B.J.,
Mattauch R.J., McKinney R.P., Peckham G.E., Pickett H.M., Siebes G., Soltis F.S., Suttie R.A.,
Tarsala J.A., Waters J.W., Wilson W.J. The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave
Limb Sounder Instrument // J. Geophys. Res. 1993. V. 98. P. 10751–10762.
5. Mlynczak M. G. Energetics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and the SABER experiment // Adv. Space Res. 1997. V. 20. No. 6. P. 1177–1183.
6. Sargoytchev S. I., Brown S., Solheim B. H., Cho Y., Shepherd G. G., López-González M.J. Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI): a Ground-Based Instrument for the Monitoring of
Mesosphere Temperature // App. Opt. 2004. V. 43. No. 30. P. 5712–5721.
7. Schminder R., Kürschner D. Wind Þeld anomalies in the upper mesopause region over Central
Europe and the major stratospheric warming in February 1981 // J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1981.
V. 43. No. 7. P. 735–736.
8. Schwartz M.J., Lambert A., Manney G.L. et al. Validation of the AURA Microwave Limb
Sounder temperature and geopotential height measurements // J. Geophys. Res. 2008. V. 113.
D15S11, doi:10.1029/2007JD008783.
99
9. Shefov N.N. Relations between the hydroxyl emission of the upper atmosphere and the stratospheric warmings // Gerlands Beitr. Geophysik. 1973. V. 82. No. 2. P. 111–114.
Mesosphere-thermosphere manifestations of stratospheric warmings:
joint use of satellite and ground-based measurements
N.N. Pertsev 1, A.B. Andreev 2, E.G. Merzlyakov 3, V.I. Perminov 1
1
Obukhov Institute for Atmospheric Physics, RAS
Russia, 119017, Moscow, 3 Pyzhevsky Per.
E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
2
Ionospheric Institute, NCSIT, National Space Agancy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan, 050020 Almaty, Kamenskoe plato
E-mail: [email protected]
3
Institute of Experimental Meteorology, RPA “Typhoon”, Roshydromet
Russia, 249038, Obninsk, 4 Pobedy Str.
E-mail: [email protected]
The features of the behavior of the dynamics and energy in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT)
during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) are investigated on the basis of the mid-latitude ground and satellite
measurements of temperature and wind around MLT for winters 2007/2008 and 2009/2010. It is shown that the temperature response of the MLT on the SSW has longitude dependence, which is due to the superposition of planetary
waves with different periods. For given winters in the MLT region the founded is the relationship between the tide
activity and changes in the zonal wind.
Keywords: stratospheric warming, mesopause, temperature, wind, planetary waves, tides.
100