Основные физико-химические параметры природных

RMS DPI 2008-1-93-0
http://www.minsoc.ru/2008-1-93-0
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ
ɇɚɭɦɨɜ ȼ.Ȼ., Ⱦɨɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ɏ.
ȽȿɈɏɂ ɊȺɇ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ; e-mail: [email protected]
Principal physical − chemical parameters of natural mineral-forming fluids
Naumov V.B., Dorofeeva V.A., Mironova O.F.
GEOKHI RAS, Moscow, Russia, [email protected]
Summary. We generalized the results of the principal physico-chemical parameter
determinations (temperature, pressure, density, aqueous solution salinity, fluid gaseous
composition) characteristic of the natural mineral-forming fluids. These results were obtained by
the database including above 17500 reports on fluid and melt inclusions. The data on the
occurrence frequency of fluid inclusion homogenization temperature within different
temperature intervals were obtained for 21 minerals. This allowed to find out the most favorable
temperature ranges for the mineral formation. The frequency occurrence of natural fluid
temperature and pressure values in the range of 20-1200oC and 1-12000 bar was established on
the base of 5260 determinations. The frequency occurrence of predominantly aqueous and
predominantly anhydrous fluid inclusions was calculated. The frequency occurrence of
temperature and salinity values of the hydrothermal mineral-forming fluids within the range of
20-1000oC and 0-80 wt. % equiv. NaCl was determined as well as the frequency occurrence of
temperatures and fluid densities within the range of 20-1000oC and 0.01-1.90 g/cm3 (18000
determinations). Among the set of various gaseous phase analytical methods used in fluid
inclusion studies at 1965-2007 the most abundant ones were separated out. The average
composition of natural fluid gaseous phase was calculated by use of mere than 2800
determinations obtainer by Raman spectroscopy, the later being the most abundant analytical
method in the study of individual fluid inclusions.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 17500 ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ
ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ
ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ
(ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ. ȼ XIX ɜɟɤɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ-ɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ
90 % ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɚɜɬɨɪ. ȼ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɟ ɷɬɚ ɰɢɮɪɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ: ɨɬ 75 % (1951-1960) ɤ 38 % (1971-1980) ɢ ɞɨ 17 % (1991-2000). ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XXI
ɜɟɤɚ ɭɠɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ 9 % ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɚɜɬɨɪ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ
ɭɱɟɧɵɯ (4 ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ), ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ 21 ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 500-300ɨɋ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 81 % ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ 468 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ
ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɫɫɢɬɟɪɢɬɟ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 400-200ɨɋ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɶɮɪɚɦɢɬɚ (95% ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ), ɲɟɟɥɢɬɚ (78%), ɛɟɪɢɥɥɚ (73%),
ɚɧɝɢɞɪɢɬɚ
(66%),
ɬɭɪɦɚɥɢɧɚ
(72%)
ɢ
ɫɩɨɞɭɦɟɧɚ
(62%).
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 300-100ɨɋ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɮɚɥɟɪɢɬɚ
(75% ɢɡ 1983 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ), ɮɥɸɨɪɢɬɚ (75%), ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ (ɦɚɝɧɟɡɢɬɚ – 88%,
ɫɢɞɟɪɢɬɚ – 89%, ɚɧɤɟɪɢɬɚ – 79%, ɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɚ – 70%, ɤɚɥɶɰɢɬɚ – 67%), ɚɭɪɢɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ (81%).
88
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɢɠɟ 200ɨɋ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɢɧɨɜɚɪɢ (99%),
ɰɟɥɟɫɬɢɧɚ (73%) ɢ ɛɚɪɢɬɚ (74%).
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ 5260 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 20-1200ɨɋ ɢ 1-12000 ɛɚɪ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ 200-500ɨɋ (54.6 %) ɢ ɧɚ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ 1-2000 ɛɚɪ (57.0 %). ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ 600ɨɋ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɢɠɟ 4000 ɛɚɪ,
ɜɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ 600-1200ɨɋ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ 4000-12000 ɛɚɪ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɦɢɪɚ (Ʉɚɜɤɚɡ, ɂɬɚɥɢɹ, ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɹ, ɋɒȺ, ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ,
ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ, ɑɢɥɢ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ 1000-1500 ɛɚɪ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɥɢɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ.
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 18000 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 20-1000ɨɋ ɢ 080 ɦɚɫ. % ɷɤɜ. NaCl, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ 201000ɨɋ ɢ 0.01-1.90 ɝ/ɫɦ3. ɋɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ (52.9 %) ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 0.1-10 ɦɚɫ. % ɷɤɜ. NaCl. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ: ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ (76.4
%) ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 0.80 ɞɨ 1.20 ɝ/ɫɦ3.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (1965 - 2007 ɝ.ɝ.). ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2800 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ (ɪɚɦɚɧ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɹ), ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ (ɦɨɥ.%, 61.5 ɋɈ2, 19.2 ɋɇ4, 16.2 N2, 2.2 H2S, 0.7 CnHm,
0.1 H2, 0.1 CO).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɊɎɎɂ (ɝɪɚɧɬ 07-05-00497).
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